Contributor |
Preface |
List of common abbreviations and symbols used |
Six-membered Ring Compounds with one Hetero-Atom: Oxygen / R. LivingstoneChapter 20: |
Pyran and its derivatives / 1.: |
Pyrans and pyrylium salts / (a): |
2H- and 4H pyrans (2- and 4-pyrans, [alpha]-and [gamma]-pyrans) / (i): |
Pyrylium salts / (ii): |
2H-Pyran-2-ones ([alpha] or 2-pyrones) and 4H-pyran-4-ones ([gamma] or 4-pyrones) / (b): |
2H-Pyrones |
4H-Pyrones |
Hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-ones (hydroxy-2H-pyrones, hydroxy-2-pyrones, hydroxy-[alpha]-pyrones) / (iii): |
Hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-ones (hydroxy-4H-pyrones, hydroxy-4-pyrones, hydroxy-[gamma]-pyrones) / (iv): |
Hydropyrans / 2.: |
Dihydropyrans and derivatives |
3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrans (2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrans) |
3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2-, 3-, and 4-ones (3,4-dihydro-2, 3-, and 4-pyrones) |
3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4-diones |
5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyrans, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans |
5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2-, -5, and-6-ones (3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-, -3- and -2-ones) / (v): |
3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6-diones, 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6-diones / (vi): |
Tetrahydropyrans and derivatives |
Tetrahydropyran, alkyl and aryl substituted tetrahydropyrans and related derivatives |
Tetrahydropyranols and derivatives |
Hydroxyalkyltetrahydropyrans and related compounds |
Tetrahydropyran-carboxaldehydes |
Tetrahydro-pyrancarboxylic acids and esters |
Halogenotetrahydropyrans |
Cyano-, nitro-, and amino-tetrahydropyrans and related compounds / (vii): |
Tetrahydropyran-2, -3-, and -4-ones / (viii): |
Benzo[b]pyrans (1-benzopyrans, 5,6-benzopyrans, chromenes) and their derivatives / 3.: |
Benzo[b]pyrans and their oxidation products |
Alkyl- and alylbenzo[b]pyrans and flavenes |
Naturally occurring derivatives of 2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo[b]pyran |
Benzopyrylium or chromylium and flavylium salts |
Coumarin (2H-benzo[b]pyran-2-one, 5,6-benzo-2-pyrone, 5,6-benzo-[alpha]-pyrone) and its derivatives |
Hydroxy-coumarins |
Dihydroxycoumarins |
Trihy-droxycoumarins |
Miscellaneous coumarin derivatives |
Furocoumarins / (ix): |
Pyrancoumarins / (x): |
Chromones (4H)-benzo[b]pyran-4-ones, 5,6-benzo-4-pyrones, 5,6-benzo-y-pyrones) / (xi): |
Miscellaneous compounds related to chromone / (xii): |
Furochromones / (xiii): |
Pyranochromones / (xiv): |
Flavones (2-phenylchromones, 2-phenyl-4H-benzo[b]pyran-4-ones) and related derivatives / (xv): |
Flavonols (3-hydroxyflavones, 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-benzo[b]pyran-4-ones) / (xvi): |
Isoflavones (3-phenyl-chromones, 3-phenyl-4H-benzo[b]-pyran-4-ones) / (xvii): |
Furoisoflavones / (xviii): |
Chroman, dihydrochromene, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]pyran and derivatives / 4.: |
Chromans |
Tocopherols |
Phenylchromans (flavans and isoflavans) phenyl-2H-3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]-pyrans / (c): |
Flavan, 2-phenylchroman, 2-phenyl-2H-3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives |
Isoflavans, 3-phenylchromans, 3-phenyl-2H-3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives |
Chromanols, hydroxychromans / (d): |
Flavanols, 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromans, 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]pyran, catechins and related condensed tannins / (e): |
Flavanols |
Catechins |
Flavan-4-ols |
Chromanones, dihydrobenzo[b]pyranones / (f): |
Chroman-2-ones, dihydrocoumarin |
Chroman-3-ones |
Chroman-4-ones |
Chromandiones |
Flavanones, 2-phenylchroman-4-ones, 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]-pyran-4-one / (g): |
Hydroxyflavanones / (h): |
Biflavanones |
Isoflavanones, 3-phenylchroman-4-ones, 3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]pyran-4-ones / (j): |
1H-Benzo[c]pyran, 1H-2-benzopyran, isobenzopyran, 3,4-benzopyran, isochromene, and its derivatives / 5.: |
1H-Benzo[c]pyrans |
Benzo[c]pyrylium salts |
Isocoumarin, 1H-benzo[c]pyran-1-one |
3H[Benzo[c]pyran-3-ones |
Isochroman, 3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]pyran, 3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran and derivatives / 6.: |
Isochroman |
Isochromanones, 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins, and isochromandiones |
Isochroman-1-ones |
Isochroman-3-one |
Isochromandiones |
Tetrahydro- and perhydroisochroman derivatives and related compounds |
Xanthene, dibenzo[b,e]pyran, 2,3:5,6-dibenzopyran and derivatives / 7.: |
Xanthene derivatives |
Xanthylium salts and xanthene colouring matters |
Xanthones |
Halogenoxanthones |
Nitro- and aminoxanthones |
Hydroxyxanthones and related compounds |
Acylxanthones, xanthonecarboxylic acids and derivatives |
Tetra-, hexa-, octa-, deca-, and perhydroxanthones and related compounds |
Furoxanthones |
6H-Dibenzo[b,d]pyran, 3,4-benzochromone and its derivatives / 8.: |
Naphthopyrans, benzochromenes and derivatives / 9.: |
Naphtho[1,2-b]-, [2,1-b], and [2,3-b]pyrans |
Naphthol[1,2-b]pyrans |
Naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans |
Naphtho[1,2-b]- and [2,1-b]pyrans |
Naphtho[2,3-b]-pyrans |
Naphtho[1,2-c]- and [2,3-c]pyrans, isonaphthopyrans |
Naphtho[1,8-b,c]- and [1,8-c,d]pyrans |
Benzo- and dibenzoxanthone derivatives and miscellaneous pyran ring systems / 10.: |
Six-membered Ring Compounds with One Hetero-Atom: Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium, Silicon, Germanium, and Tin / Chapter 21.: |
Thiopyran derivatives |
Thiopyrans, thiopyrylium salts and thiopyrones |
Thipyrans |
Thiopyrylium salts |
Thiopyranones |
Di- and tetra-hydro-thiopyrans and -thiopranones |
Dihydrothiopyrans, dihydrothiins, dihydrothiapyrans and related 2-, 3-, and 4-ones |
Tetrahydrothiopyrans, thianes, tetra-hydrothiapyrans and related 3-and 4-ones |
Benzo[b]thiopyrans, 1-benzothiopyrans, benzo[b]thiins, thiochromenes, 5,6-benzothiapyrans and derivatives |
Benzo[b]thiopyrans, benzo[b]thiopyranones and related naphtho derivatives |
Benzo[b]thiopyrans, 1-benzothiopyrans, benzo[b]thiins, thiochromenes |
Benzothiopyrylium salts, 1-benzothiopyranylium salts, thiochromylium salts |
Benzothiopyranones |
Thiochromans, thiochromanones and related compounds |
Thiochromans, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]thiopyrans |
Thiochromanones, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]thiopyranones |
Thiochromanols, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]thiopyranols |
Hexahydrobenzo[b]thiopyrans, hexahydro-1-benzothiopyrans, hexahydrothiochromens and octahydrobenzo[b]thiopyrans, octahydro-1-benzothiopyrans, octahydrothiochromens, hexahy-drothiochromans |
1H-Benzo[c]thiopyran, 1H-2-benzothiopyran, isothiochromene, 3,4-benzothio-pyran and its derivatives |
1H-Benzo[c]thiopyran, isothiochromene and derivatives |
3,4-Dihydro-1H-benzo[c]thiopyran, 3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzothiopyran, isothiochroman and its derivatives |
Dibenzothiopyran, thioxanthene and derivatives |
Thioxanthenes, thioxanthylium salts, and thioxanthenium salts |
Thioxanthones, thioxanthen-9-ones |
Dibenzo[b,d]thiopyrans |
Naphthothiopyrans and related compounds |
Naphthothiopyrans |
Perinaphthothiopyrans, thiaphenalenes |
Benzothioxanthene derivatives |
Selenopyrans and related compounds |
Selenopyrans and derivatives |
Selenopyrans containing fused rings |
Benzoselenopyrans and derivatives |
Selenoxanthene and derivatives |
Telluropyrans and related compounds |
Telluropyrylium salts and tellurane, tetrahydrotelluropyran derivatives |
Telluropyrans containing fused rings |
Benzotelluropyrans |
Telluroxanthenes |
Compounds containing an element from Group 4 |
Silicon compounds |
Silabenzene, silacyclohexenes and their derivatives |
Silacyclohexane and derivatives |
Polycyclic silanes with six-membered rings |
Germanium and tin compounds |
Germanium compounds |
Tin compounds |
Guide to the index |
Index |
List of contributors |
Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds Alkaloids (continued): Pyrrolidine Alkaloids / D.J. RobinsChapter 7.: |
Pyrrolidine bases |
Pyrrolidones |
N-Acylpyrrolidines |
N-Acylpyrrolidones |
Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds (continued): Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / Chapter 8.: |
Introduction |
Synthesis of necines |
Unhydroxylated compounds |
Monohydroxylated necines |
Dihydroxylated necines |
Trihydroxylated necines |
Tetrahydroxylated necines |
Synthesis of macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids |
Structures of pyrrolizidine alkaloids |
Unesterified necines |
Monoesters |
Acyclic diesters |
Cyclic diesters |
The Indole Alkaloids / G.W. GribbleChapter 9.: |
Alkaloids lacking a tryptamine unit |
Simple indoles |
Carbazole derivatives |
Alkaloids containing a tryptamine unit |
Compounds without an isoprene moiety |
Simple tryptamine and tryptophan derivatives |
Eserine types |
[beta]-Carboline and reduced [beta]-carbolines |
Compounds containing an isoprene- (but not terpene-) derived moiety |
The ergot alkaloids |
Mould metabolites |
Compounds containing a terpene-derived moiety |
Alkaloids of the Corynanthe-Strychnos unit |
Alkaloids with a seco-type unit |
Alkaloids with the Aspidosperma unit |
Alkaloids containing the Iboga unit |
Novel types |
Bisindole alkaloids |
Compounds containing two identical "halves" linked symmetrically |
Calycanthaceous alkaloids |
Calabash-curare alkaloids |
Diketopiperazine alkaloids |
Bis-indole quinones |
Indolo[2,3-alpha]carbazoles and related alkaloids |
Marine bis-indoles |
Other symmetrical bis-indoles |
Compounds not composed of identical halves nor linked symmetrically |
Sesquimeric compounds |
The secamines and presecamines |
Bis-indoles from Vinca rosea |
Bis-carbazoles |
Duo-carmycins and related alkaloids |
Simple bis-indoles |
Other complex bis-indole alkaloids |
Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds, Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids / J.R. LewisChapter 10.: |
Biogrenesis |
Biological activity |
Table 1. New amaryllidaceae alkaloids (1987-1994) and their botanical sources |
X-ray structure determination |
Lycorine type alkaloids |
Isolation and structural studies |
Synthesis |
Lycorenan type alkaloids (lycorenines and homolycorines) |
Crinine type alkaloids |
Galannthamine type alkaloids |
Pancracine type alkaloids |
Phenanthridine alkaloids / 11.: |
Miscellaneous alkaloids / 12.: |
Benzylidene-phenylethylamines and belladines |
4-Phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines |
Mesembrinanes |
Tropane Alkaloids / G. FodorChapter 11: |
Synthesis of tropanes |
Stereochemistry of the ring nitrogen in tropanes |
Established alkaloids |
New tropane alkaloids |
New cocaine alkaloids |
Biosynthesis |
Biological activity of some tropane alkaloids |
Pyrrole Pigments / K.M. SmithChapter 12.: |
Scope |
Nomenclature |
Porphyrins |
Meso-tetra-arylporphyrins and other meso-arylporphyrins |
Octa-substituted and related porphyrins |
Petroporphyrins |
Porphyrin oligomers |
Chlorins and bacteriochlorins |
Chlorophylls and derivatives |
Other chlorins |
Chlorins and bacteriochlorins in photodynamic therapy |
Phlorins and oxophlorins |
Phlorins |
Oxophlorins |
Corroles |
Expanded systems: sapphyrins and pentaphyrins |
Sapphyrins |
Pentaphyrins |
Porphycenes |
Corrins |
Biliverdins |
Acknowledgements |
Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds - The Pyrrole Pigments (continued) / Chapter 13.: |
Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds: the Indigo Group / M. SainsburyChapter 14.: |
Metal complexation |
Photoisomerism and photochemistry of indigo, its derivatives and related compounds |
Thermal isomerisation |
Other indigo analogues |
Oxidation and chemical reduction of indigo derivatives |
Biosynthesis and the isolation of indigoids from natural sources |
Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds / G. Bach ; S. DahneChapter 15.: |
Theory of color and constitution |
The ideal polymethine state |
Triad theory |
Significance of NIR dyes |
Progress in syntheses of cyanine dyes |
Basic synthetic routes |
Cyanines having halogeno and cyano substituents at the polymethine chain |
Chain-bridged cyanines |
Pyrylium, thiapyrylium, and selenapyrylium cyanines |
Reactions of cyanine dyes |
Properties of cyanine dyes |
Physico-chemical properties in the ground state |
Electronic structure |
Energy levels |
Solvatochromism and hydrophobicity |
Properties of photoexcited states |
Intermolecular interactions of cyanine dyes |
Ion pair formation |
Homomolecular aggregation of cyanine dyes |
Heteromolecular interaction of cyanine dyes |
Applications of cyanine dyes |
Analytical markers, probes, and sensors in chemistry and molecular biology |
Probing solvent polarity and solvent hydrophobicity |
Ion recognition |
Fluorescence labeling in molecular biology |
Cyanine dyes for probing physico-chemical properties of organized media |
Structure of interfaces and Langmuir Blodgett (LB) layers |
Probing dielectric constants, lipophilicity, and microviscosity |
Determination of critical micelle concentration (cmc) |
Determination of membrane potentials |
Excitation energy transfer |
Cyanine dyes in laser technology |
Application of light induced polarization. Nonlinear optical properties |
Applications of (photo)electrical and photochemical activity |
Spectral sensitization |
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) |
Photovoltaic and solar cells, solar collectors |
Optical recording |
Charge control agents for electrophotographic processes |
Electroluminescence |
Electronic photography |
Application of cyanine dyes in molecular biology and medicine |
Probing transport phenomena |
Identification of active oxygen species |
Photodynamic therapy by singlet oxygen generation through cyanine dyes |
Guide to the Index |