| Contributor |
| Preface |
| List of common abbreviations and symbols used |
| Six-membered Ring Compounds with one Hetero-Atom: Oxygen / R. LivingstoneChapter 20： |
| Pyran and its derivatives / 1.： |
| Pyrans and pyrylium salts / (a)： |
| 2H- and 4H pyrans (2- and 4-pyrans, [alpha]-and [gamma]-pyrans) / (i)： |
| Pyrylium salts / (ii)： |
| 2H-Pyran-2-ones ([alpha] or 2-pyrones) and 4H-pyran-4-ones ([gamma] or 4-pyrones) / (b)： |
| 2H-Pyrones |
| 4H-Pyrones |
| Hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-ones (hydroxy-2H-pyrones, hydroxy-2-pyrones, hydroxy-[alpha]-pyrones) / (iii)： |
| Hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-ones (hydroxy-4H-pyrones, hydroxy-4-pyrones, hydroxy-[gamma]-pyrones) / (iv)： |
| Hydropyrans / 2.： |
| Dihydropyrans and derivatives |
| 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrans (2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrans) |
| 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2-, 3-, and 4-ones (3,4-dihydro-2, 3-, and 4-pyrones) |
| 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4-diones |
| 5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyrans, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans |
| 5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2-, -5, and-6-ones (3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-, -3- and -2-ones) / (v)： |
| 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6-diones, 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6-diones / (vi)： |
| Tetrahydropyrans and derivatives |
| Tetrahydropyran, alkyl and aryl substituted tetrahydropyrans and related derivatives |
| Tetrahydropyranols and derivatives |
| Hydroxyalkyltetrahydropyrans and related compounds |
| Tetrahydropyran-carboxaldehydes |
| Tetrahydro-pyrancarboxylic acids and esters |
| Halogenotetrahydropyrans |
| Cyano-, nitro-, and amino-tetrahydropyrans and related compounds / (vii)： |
| Tetrahydropyran-2, -3-, and -4-ones / (viii)： |
| Benzo[b]pyrans (1-benzopyrans, 5,6-benzopyrans, chromenes) and their derivatives / 3.： |
| Benzo[b]pyrans and their oxidation products |
| Alkyl- and alylbenzo[b]pyrans and flavenes |
| Naturally occurring derivatives of 2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo[b]pyran |
| Benzopyrylium or chromylium and flavylium salts |
| Coumarin (2H-benzo[b]pyran-2-one, 5,6-benzo-2-pyrone, 5,6-benzo-[alpha]-pyrone) and its derivatives |
| Hydroxy-coumarins |
| Dihydroxycoumarins |
| Trihy-droxycoumarins |
| Miscellaneous coumarin derivatives |
| Furocoumarins / (ix)： |
| Pyrancoumarins / (x)： |
| Chromones (4H)-benzo[b]pyran-4-ones, 5,6-benzo-4-pyrones, 5,6-benzo-y-pyrones) / (xi)： |
| Miscellaneous compounds related to chromone / (xii)： |
| Furochromones / (xiii)： |
| Pyranochromones / (xiv)： |
| Flavones (2-phenylchromones, 2-phenyl-4H-benzo[b]pyran-4-ones) and related derivatives / (xv)： |
| Flavonols (3-hydroxyflavones, 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-benzo[b]pyran-4-ones) / (xvi)： |
| Isoflavones (3-phenyl-chromones, 3-phenyl-4H-benzo[b]-pyran-4-ones) / (xvii)： |
| Furoisoflavones / (xviii)： |
| Chroman, dihydrochromene, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]pyran and derivatives / 4.： |
| Chromans |
| Tocopherols |
| Phenylchromans (flavans and isoflavans) phenyl-2H-3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]-pyrans / (c)： |
| Flavan, 2-phenylchroman, 2-phenyl-2H-3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives |
| Isoflavans, 3-phenylchromans, 3-phenyl-2H-3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives |
| Chromanols, hydroxychromans / (d)： |
| Flavanols, 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromans, 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]pyran, catechins and related condensed tannins / (e)： |
| Flavanols |
| Catechins |
| Flavan-4-ols |
| Chromanones, dihydrobenzo[b]pyranones / (f)： |
| Chroman-2-ones, dihydrocoumarin |
| Chroman-3-ones |
| Chroman-4-ones |
| Chromandiones |
| Flavanones, 2-phenylchroman-4-ones, 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]-pyran-4-one / (g)： |
| Hydroxyflavanones / (h)： |
| Biflavanones |
| Isoflavanones, 3-phenylchroman-4-ones, 3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]pyran-4-ones / (j)： |
| 1H-Benzo[c]pyran, 1H-2-benzopyran, isobenzopyran, 3,4-benzopyran, isochromene, and its derivatives / 5.： |
| 1H-Benzo[c]pyrans |
| Benzo[c]pyrylium salts |
| Isocoumarin, 1H-benzo[c]pyran-1-one |
| 3H[Benzo[c]pyran-3-ones |
| Isochroman, 3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]pyran, 3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran and derivatives / 6.： |
| Isochroman |
| Isochromanones, 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins, and isochromandiones |
| Isochroman-1-ones |
| Isochroman-3-one |
| Isochromandiones |
| Tetrahydro- and perhydroisochroman derivatives and related compounds |
| Xanthene, dibenzo[b,e]pyran, 2,3:5,6-dibenzopyran and derivatives / 7.： |
| Xanthene derivatives |
| Xanthylium salts and xanthene colouring matters |
| Xanthones |
| Halogenoxanthones |
| Nitro- and aminoxanthones |
| Hydroxyxanthones and related compounds |
| Acylxanthones, xanthonecarboxylic acids and derivatives |
| Tetra-, hexa-, octa-, deca-, and perhydroxanthones and related compounds |
| Furoxanthones |
| 6H-Dibenzo[b,d]pyran, 3,4-benzochromone and its derivatives / 8.： |
| Naphthopyrans, benzochromenes and derivatives / 9.： |
| Naphtho[1,2-b]-, [2,1-b], and [2,3-b]pyrans |
| Naphthol[1,2-b]pyrans |
| Naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans |
| Naphtho[1,2-b]- and [2,1-b]pyrans |
| Naphtho[2,3-b]-pyrans |
| Naphtho[1,2-c]- and [2,3-c]pyrans, isonaphthopyrans |
| Naphtho[1,8-b,c]- and [1,8-c,d]pyrans |
| Benzo- and dibenzoxanthone derivatives and miscellaneous pyran ring systems / 10.： |
| Six-membered Ring Compounds with One Hetero-Atom: Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium, Silicon, Germanium, and Tin / Chapter 21.： |
| Thiopyran derivatives |
| Thiopyrans, thiopyrylium salts and thiopyrones |
| Thipyrans |
| Thiopyrylium salts |
| Thiopyranones |
| Di- and tetra-hydro-thiopyrans and -thiopranones |
| Dihydrothiopyrans, dihydrothiins, dihydrothiapyrans and related 2-, 3-, and 4-ones |
| Tetrahydrothiopyrans, thianes, tetra-hydrothiapyrans and related 3-and 4-ones |
| Benzo[b]thiopyrans, 1-benzothiopyrans, benzo[b]thiins, thiochromenes, 5,6-benzothiapyrans and derivatives |
| Benzo[b]thiopyrans, benzo[b]thiopyranones and related naphtho derivatives |
| Benzo[b]thiopyrans, 1-benzothiopyrans, benzo[b]thiins, thiochromenes |
| Benzothiopyrylium salts, 1-benzothiopyranylium salts, thiochromylium salts |
| Benzothiopyranones |
| Thiochromans, thiochromanones and related compounds |
| Thiochromans, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]thiopyrans |
| Thiochromanones, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]thiopyranones |
| Thiochromanols, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]thiopyranols |
| Hexahydrobenzo[b]thiopyrans, hexahydro-1-benzothiopyrans, hexahydrothiochromens and octahydrobenzo[b]thiopyrans, octahydro-1-benzothiopyrans, octahydrothiochromens, hexahy-drothiochromans |
| 1H-Benzo[c]thiopyran, 1H-2-benzothiopyran, isothiochromene, 3,4-benzothio-pyran and its derivatives |
| 1H-Benzo[c]thiopyran, isothiochromene and derivatives |
| 3,4-Dihydro-1H-benzo[c]thiopyran, 3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzothiopyran, isothiochroman and its derivatives |
| Dibenzothiopyran, thioxanthene and derivatives |
| Thioxanthenes, thioxanthylium salts, and thioxanthenium salts |
| Thioxanthones, thioxanthen-9-ones |
| Dibenzo[b,d]thiopyrans |
| Naphthothiopyrans and related compounds |
| Naphthothiopyrans |
| Perinaphthothiopyrans, thiaphenalenes |
| Benzothioxanthene derivatives |
| Selenopyrans and related compounds |
| Selenopyrans and derivatives |
| Selenopyrans containing fused rings |
| Benzoselenopyrans and derivatives |
| Selenoxanthene and derivatives |
| Telluropyrans and related compounds |
| Telluropyrylium salts and tellurane, tetrahydrotelluropyran derivatives |
| Telluropyrans containing fused rings |
| Benzotelluropyrans |
| Telluroxanthenes |
| Compounds containing an element from Group 4 |
| Silicon compounds |
| Silabenzene, silacyclohexenes and their derivatives |
| Silacyclohexane and derivatives |
| Polycyclic silanes with six-membered rings |
| Germanium and tin compounds |
| Germanium compounds |
| Tin compounds |
| Guide to the index |
| Index |
| List of contributors |
| Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds Alkaloids (continued): Pyrrolidine Alkaloids / D.J. RobinsChapter 7.： |
| Pyrrolidine bases |
| Pyrrolidones |
| N-Acylpyrrolidines |
| N-Acylpyrrolidones |
| Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds (continued): Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / Chapter 8.： |
| Introduction |
| Synthesis of necines |
| Unhydroxylated compounds |
| Monohydroxylated necines |
| Dihydroxylated necines |
| Trihydroxylated necines |
| Tetrahydroxylated necines |
| Synthesis of macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids |
| Structures of pyrrolizidine alkaloids |
| Unesterified necines |
| Monoesters |
| Acyclic diesters |
| Cyclic diesters |
| The Indole Alkaloids / G.W. GribbleChapter 9.： |
| Alkaloids lacking a tryptamine unit |
| Simple indoles |
| Carbazole derivatives |
| Alkaloids containing a tryptamine unit |
| Compounds without an isoprene moiety |
| Simple tryptamine and tryptophan derivatives |
| Eserine types |
| [beta]-Carboline and reduced [beta]-carbolines |
| Compounds containing an isoprene- (but not terpene-) derived moiety |
| The ergot alkaloids |
| Mould metabolites |
| Compounds containing a terpene-derived moiety |
| Alkaloids of the Corynanthe-Strychnos unit |
| Alkaloids with a seco-type unit |
| Alkaloids with the Aspidosperma unit |
| Alkaloids containing the Iboga unit |
| Novel types |
| Bisindole alkaloids |
| Compounds containing two identical "halves" linked symmetrically |
| Calycanthaceous alkaloids |
| Calabash-curare alkaloids |
| Diketopiperazine alkaloids |
| Bis-indole quinones |
| Indolo[2,3-alpha]carbazoles and related alkaloids |
| Marine bis-indoles |
| Other symmetrical bis-indoles |
| Compounds not composed of identical halves nor linked symmetrically |
| Sesquimeric compounds |
| The secamines and presecamines |
| Bis-indoles from Vinca rosea |
| Bis-carbazoles |
| Duo-carmycins and related alkaloids |
| Simple bis-indoles |
| Other complex bis-indole alkaloids |
| Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds, Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids / J.R. LewisChapter 10.： |
| Biogrenesis |
| Biological activity |
| Table 1. New amaryllidaceae alkaloids (1987-1994) and their botanical sources |
| X-ray structure determination |
| Lycorine type alkaloids |
| Isolation and structural studies |
| Synthesis |
| Lycorenan type alkaloids (lycorenines and homolycorines) |
| Crinine type alkaloids |
| Galannthamine type alkaloids |
| Pancracine type alkaloids |
| Phenanthridine alkaloids / 11.： |
| Miscellaneous alkaloids / 12.： |
| Benzylidene-phenylethylamines and belladines |
| 4-Phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines |
| Mesembrinanes |
| Tropane Alkaloids / G. FodorChapter 11： |
| Synthesis of tropanes |
| Stereochemistry of the ring nitrogen in tropanes |
| Established alkaloids |
| New tropane alkaloids |
| New cocaine alkaloids |
| Biosynthesis |
| Biological activity of some tropane alkaloids |
| Pyrrole Pigments / K.M. SmithChapter 12.： |
| Scope |
| Nomenclature |
| Porphyrins |
| Meso-tetra-arylporphyrins and other meso-arylporphyrins |
| Octa-substituted and related porphyrins |
| Petroporphyrins |
| Porphyrin oligomers |
| Chlorins and bacteriochlorins |
| Chlorophylls and derivatives |
| Other chlorins |
| Chlorins and bacteriochlorins in photodynamic therapy |
| Phlorins and oxophlorins |
| Phlorins |
| Oxophlorins |
| Corroles |
| Expanded systems: sapphyrins and pentaphyrins |
| Sapphyrins |
| Pentaphyrins |
| Porphycenes |
| Corrins |
| Biliverdins |
| Acknowledgements |
| Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds - The Pyrrole Pigments (continued) / Chapter 13.： |
| Five-membered Monoheterocyclic Compounds: the Indigo Group / M. SainsburyChapter 14.： |
| Metal complexation |
| Photoisomerism and photochemistry of indigo, its derivatives and related compounds |
| Thermal isomerisation |
| Other indigo analogues |
| Oxidation and chemical reduction of indigo derivatives |
| Biosynthesis and the isolation of indigoids from natural sources |
| Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds / G. Bach ; S. DahneChapter 15.： |
| Theory of color and constitution |
| The ideal polymethine state |
| Triad theory |
| Significance of NIR dyes |
| Progress in syntheses of cyanine dyes |
| Basic synthetic routes |
| Cyanines having halogeno and cyano substituents at the polymethine chain |
| Chain-bridged cyanines |
| Pyrylium, thiapyrylium, and selenapyrylium cyanines |
| Reactions of cyanine dyes |
| Properties of cyanine dyes |
| Physico-chemical properties in the ground state |
| Electronic structure |
| Energy levels |
| Solvatochromism and hydrophobicity |
| Properties of photoexcited states |
| Intermolecular interactions of cyanine dyes |
| Ion pair formation |
| Homomolecular aggregation of cyanine dyes |
| Heteromolecular interaction of cyanine dyes |
| Applications of cyanine dyes |
| Analytical markers, probes, and sensors in chemistry and molecular biology |
| Probing solvent polarity and solvent hydrophobicity |
| Ion recognition |
| Fluorescence labeling in molecular biology |
| Cyanine dyes for probing physico-chemical properties of organized media |
| Structure of interfaces and Langmuir Blodgett (LB) layers |
| Probing dielectric constants, lipophilicity, and microviscosity |
| Determination of critical micelle concentration (cmc) |
| Determination of membrane potentials |
| Excitation energy transfer |
| Cyanine dyes in laser technology |
| Application of light induced polarization. Nonlinear optical properties |
| Applications of (photo)electrical and photochemical activity |
| Spectral sensitization |
| Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) |
| Photovoltaic and solar cells, solar collectors |
| Optical recording |
| Charge control agents for electrophotographic processes |
| Electroluminescence |
| Electronic photography |
| Application of cyanine dyes in molecular biology and medicine |
| Probing transport phenomena |
| Identification of active oxygen species |
| Photodynamic therapy by singlet oxygen generation through cyanine dyes |
| Guide to the Index |
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