| Drawings / Dr. Elisabeth Kurtz |
| Preface |
| Lectures |
| The Role of Structure Confinement in the Energy Level Schemes of Physical Systems / B. Di Bartolo |
| Abstract |
| Review of Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics / 1.： |
| Fundamental Points / 1.1.： |
| The Schroedinger Equation / 1.2.： |
| Interpretation of [Psi] / 1.3.： |
| Operators / 1.4.： |
| Commuting Operators / 1.5.： |
| The Uncertainty Principle / 1.6.： |
| Angular Momentum / 1.7.： |
| More on Energy / 1.8.： |
| Summary of Chapter 1 |
| Some Popular Quantum Systems / 2.： |
| Free Particle / 2.1.： |
| Particle in a Box / 2.2.： |
| Harmonic Oscillator / 2.3.： |
| Central Potentials / 2.4.： |
| The One-Electron Atom / 2.5.： |
| Summary of Chapter 2 |
| Barrier Tunneling and Quantum Wells / 3.： |
| One-Dimensional Problems / 3.1.： |
| Free Particle with Definite Energy / 3.2.： |
| Particle with Undetermined Energy (Wave Packet) / 3.3.： |
| Potential Step / 3.4.： |
| Potential Barrier / 3.5.： |
| Potential Well / 3.6.： |
| Particle Between Two Potential Barriers / 3.7.： |
| Summary of Chapter 3 |
| Identical Particles / 4.： |
| Symmetry and Antisymmetry / 4.1.： |
| Density of States / 4.2.： |
| Probability Distributions / 4.3.： |
| Fermion Gases / 4.4.： |
| Multieletron Atoms / 4.5.： |
| The Evolution of Stars / 4.6.： |
| Boson Gases / 4.7.： |
| Summary of Chapter 4 |
| Crystalline Solids / 5.： |
| Electrical Properties / 5.1.： |
| Energy Levels in a Crystalline Solid / 5.2.： |
| Insulators / 5.3.： |
| Metals / 5.4.： |
| Semiconductors / 5.5.： |
| Models for an Intrinsic Semiconductor / 5.6.： |
| Doped Semiconductors / 5.7.： |
| Model For a Doped Semiconductor / 5.8.： |
| Summary of Chapter 5 |
| Superlattices And Nanostructures / 6.： |
| New Materials / 6.1.： |
| Superlattices / 6.2.： |
| Nanostructures with Reduced Dimensions / 6.3.： |
| Summary of Chapter 6 |
| Acknowledgements |
| Bibliography |
| Photonic Structures: Atoms, Molecules, Wires and Crystals / R. Von Baltz |
| Introduction |
| Electromagnetic Field in Photonic Structures |
| Plane Waves in Free Space |
| Metallic Waveguide |
| Metallic Box |
| Planar Step-Index Waveguide |
| Optical Microresonators |
| Dielectric Microspheres (Photonic Atoms) |
| Bispheres (Photonic Molecules) |
| Photonic Semiconductor Structures (Pss) |
| Photonic Crystals |
| Applications |
| Waveguiding in Pbg Materials (Photonic Wires) |
| Spontaneous Emission |
| Outlook |
| References |
| Optical Near-Field Spectroscopy / M. Wegener |
| Far-Field Optical Microscopy |
| Basics |
| Scanning Confocal Microscopy / 2.2： |
| Near-Field Optical Microscopy |
| Metal Nano-Apertures on Semiconductors |
| Aperture Snom (Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope) |
| Depolarization Snom |
| Apertureless Snom |
| Example I: Semiconductor Nanostructures |
| Single Bow-Tie Defects in a Single Semiconductor Quantum Well |
| Example II: Disordered Semiconductors |
| Basics: Random-Matrix-Theory and Level Repulsion |
| Statistical Analysis of Energy Levels |
| Single GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Wells |
| Thin Films of CdSe/ZnSe |
| Summary |
| Future of Laser Technology for Spectroscopy / G. Baldacchini7.： |
| Laser Development |
| Population Inversion and Masers |
| Optical Cavities and Lasers |
| Lasers and Optical Technologies |
| Application in Spectroscopy |
| Properties of Lasers and Their Usefulness in Spectroscopy |
| Linear Spectroscopy and Lineshapes |
| Pressure Broadening and Shift |
| Measurement of Small Traces of Gases |
| Present Status and Future |
| Laser Sources and Market |
| New Lasers and Materials |
| Future of Laser Technology |
| Acknowledgments |
| Propagation and Characterization of Ultrashort Laser Pulses / J. Carey ; E. N. Glezer ; E. Mazur |
| Optical and Electronic Properties of Solids |
| Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Through a Vacuum |
| Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Through A Medium |
| Nonlinear Optical Interactions |
| Dispersion Compensation |
| Femtosecond Measurements |
| Representation of Pulses |
| Temporal Characterization |
| Joint Time-Frequency Characterization |
| Self-Ordered Growth and Spectroscopy of Nonplanar Quantum Wires and Quantum Dots / E. Kapon |
| Self-Ordering of QWRs and QDs by Nonplanar Epitaxy |
| Optical Properties of Nonplanar Quantum Nanostructures |
| V-Groove Quantum Wires |
| Pyramidal Quantum Dots |
| Electrical Transport in V-Groove QWRs |
| Optoelectronic Device Applications |
| Quantum Wire Light Emitting Diodes |
| Quantum Wire Lasers |
| Conclusions |
| Theory of Optical Properties of Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots / H. Haug |
| Electronic States in Mesoscopic Microstructures |
| Confinement Potentials, Envelope Approximation |
| Valence Band Mixing by Quantum Confinement |
| Excitons in Microstructures |
| Exciton Molecules in Microstructures |
| Exciton Polaritons and Bipolarons in Quantum Wells and Wires |
| Interface and Alloy Disorder |
| Theory of Stationary Spectroscopy |
| Second Quantization, Density Matrices |
| Optical Transitions, Semiconductor Bloch Equations, Linear Spectra |
| Plasma Density-Dependent Spectra |
| Electro-Optical Spectra |
| Magneto-Optical Spectra |
| Theory of Transient Spectroscopy |
| Time-Dependent Semiconductor Bloch Equations with Semiclassical and Quantum Kinetic Scattering Integrals |
| Femtosecond Four-Wave Mixing |
| Femtosecond Coulomb Dephasing Kinetics |
| Femtosecond Pump- and Probe Spectroscopy |
| Spatio-Temporal Bloch Oscillations in GaAs/AlGaAs Superlattices / V.G. Lyssenko |
| Experimental Studies of Bloch Oscillations in Superlattices |
| Real-Space Dynamics of Bloch Wave Packets |
| Direct Measurement of the Wave Packet Displacement |
| Control of the Amplitude by Changing Laser Excitation: Tuning Between Breathing Modes and Spatial Oscillations |
| Influence of the Light-Hole and Anticrossings in the Wannier-Stark Ladder on Bloch Oscillation Dynamics |
| Optical Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures / E. Tsitsishvili |
| Macroscopic Considerations |
| Electromagnetic Field in Semiconductor Crystals |
| Symmetry of the Dielectric Tensor |
| Microscopic Considerations |
| Two-Level "Atom" |
| Energy Spectrum in Crystals |
| The Optical Matrix Elements in Crystals |
| The Optical Anisotropy in Quantum Wells |
| Luminescence Properties of Very Small Semi-Conductor Particles / C. Ronda |
| Elementary Quantum Mechanics |
| Particle in a Potential Well |
| Particle in a Spherically Symmetric Potential |
| Electron in a Coulomb Potential |
| Particle in a Periodic Potential |
| Electrons in a Crystal |
| Density of States in Low Dimensional Structures |
| Electrons, Holes and Excitons |
| Low Dimensional Structures |
| The Weak Confinement Regime |
| The Strong Confinement Regime |
| Quantum Confinement In Action |
| Photoluminescence of Nano-Particles Prepared by Wet Chemical Precipitation / 7.1.： |
| Photoluminescence of Nano-Particles Prepared by Epitaxial Methods / 7.2.： |
| Photoluminescence from Doped Nano-Crystals / 7.3.： |
| Electroluminescence of Nano-Particles / 7.4.： |
| Percolation and Localization in Disordered Solid Solutions / A. Reznitsky ; A. Klochikhin ; S. Permogorov9.： |
| Diluted Ternary Solid Solutions with Strong Isoelectronic Perturbation: Isoelectronic Traps and Cluster States |
| Main Characteristics of a Short Range Potential: Critical Energy of Perturbation |
| Isoelectronic Traps: Historical Remarks |
| Cluster States [Delta] [less than or equal] E[subscript CR] |
| Exciton Localization by Cluster States: Experimental Data |
| Single Band Approximation and Exciton Absorption Spectra |
| Spectrum of Density of the Tail States (DOS) |
| Zero-Phonon Absorption Band |
| Luminescence Spectra of Localized Excitons |
| Zero-Phonon Luminescence Band |
| Shape of the Zero-Phonon Luminescence Band at Low Intensity of Excitation |
| Exciton-Phonon Interaction and Optical Spectra ZnSe-Te Solid Solutions |
| Long-time Kinetics of Exciton Luminescence: Manifestation of Conduction Band Tail States |
| Sub-Microsecond Kinetics of Localized Exciton Luminescence: Experimental Results |
| Long-Time Luminescence Kinetics: Model Description |
| Conclusions and Outlook |
| Spontaneous Emission within a Photonic Atom: Radiative Decay Rates and Spectroscopy of Levitated Microspheres / S. Arnold |
| Photonic Atom Physics 101 |
| Spontaneous Emission in Microspheres: Lifetime Effects and Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics |
| Spontaneous Emission in Microspheres: Spectroscopy and the Radiation Reaction Model |
| Summary, Conclusions and Future Directions |
| Quantum Thermodynamics of a Single-Mode Field and of the Quantum Afterburner / M. Kim ; F. A. Narducci ; M. O. Scully ; M. S. Zubairy |
| Ideal Gas inside a Cavity |
| Single-Mode Photo Gas |
| Multi-Mode Photon Gas |
| Acknowledgement |
| Quantum Afterburner: Improving the Efficiency of an Ideal Heat Engine / Appendix： |
| Fiber Lasers / N.P. Barnes |
| Fiber Modes |
| Experimental Results |
| Structures and Models of Glasses. Recent Developments in Optical Glasses / G. Boulon |
| Formation, Classification and Definition of a Glass |
| Glass Formation from a Liquid Phase |
| Glass Formation from a Gaseous Phase |
| Glass Fromation from a Solid Phase |
| The Vitreous Transition |
| Definition of a Glass |
| Main Vitrifiable Substances |
| Study of the Short-Range Order or Local Order of The Basic Structural Units in Glasses |
| X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy Applied to the Determination of the Coordination Number of Al in CaO-B[subscript 2]O[subscript 3]-Al[subscript 2]O[subscript 3] |
| Atomic Environment of High-Field Strength Nd and Al Cations as Dopants and Major Components in Laser Siilicate Glasses: A Nd L[subscript III]-Edge and Al K-Edge X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study |
| Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy Applied to the Determination of the Coordination Number of Cations |
| Effect of the Introduction of Na[subscript 2]B[subscript 4]O[subscript 7] as an Actuator on Erbium Luminescence in Tellurite Glasses: A Study by Both Optical and Vibrational Spectroscopies |
| Cr[superscript 3+] Nucleation Induced in a Cordierite Glass Studied by Small Angle Neutron Scattering, Laser Spectroscopy and Epr Techniques |
| Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Applied to Cation Clustering and Formation of Free Oxide Ions in Sodium and Potassium Lanthanum Silicate Glasses / 2.6.： |
| Mossbauer Investigation of Rare Earth Sites in Eu[superscript 3+] Ions Containing Glasses / 2.7.： |
| Site Selective Spectroscopy or Fluorescence Line Narrowong (FLN) Applied in Eu[superscript 3+]-Doped Aluminoborosilicate Nuclear Glass and Its Weathering Gels / 2.8.： |
| Pressure Effect on the Structure of Glasses / 2.9.： |
| Analysis of the Medium-Range Order, Ordering of Basic Structural Units or of Superstructural Units in A Scale Ranging from the Dimension of the Basic Structural Unit to Scales of at Least 2-5 nm |
| Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy Applied to the Structure of Glasses |
| Vibrational Dynamics and the Structure of Glasses |
| Low-Temperature Specific Heats of Porous Silica Xerogels of Low Densities |
| Recent Developments in Optical Glasses |
| The Two-Level-Systems (TLS) in Glasses |
| Hole-Burning and Sublinear Hole-Growth Dynamics in an Sm[superscript 2+]-Doped Aluminosilicate Glass at Room Temperature |
| Saturation Effect on Multiphonon Relaxation Rates of Rare Earth Ions in Glasses at High Excitation Power |
| Broad-Band 1.5 [mu]m Emission of Er[superscript 3+] Ions in Bismuth-Based Oxide Glasses for Potential Wavelenth-Division Multiplexing Amplifier |
| Yb[superscript 3+]-Er[superscript 3+]-Codoped LaLiP[subscript 4]O[subscript 12] Glass for Eye-Safe Laser |
| Nd-Doped Phosphate Glasses for High-Energy/High-Peak-Power Lasers |
| Cr[superscript 4+]-Doped Silica Optical Fibres |
| Anti-Stokes Laser-Induced Cooling of Yb[superscript 3+]-Doped Glass / 4.8.： |
| Photon Avalanche Up-Conversion Effect in Tm[superscript 3+]-Doped Fluoroindate Glasses at Room Temperature / 4.9.： |
| Influence of the Glass Structure and Doping Precursors on Rare Earth Clustering in Phosphate Glasses Analysed by Co-Operative Luminescence / 4.10.： |
| Conclusion |
| Free Electron Laser: Operating Principles / E. Giovenale |
| Free Electron Devices |
| Lorentz Transformations |
| Doppler Effect |
| Synchrotron Emission |
| Undulator Emission |
| Synchrotron Radiation Stimulated Emission |
| Gain |
| Efficiency |
| Fel Line Broadening |
| Free Electron Laser Components |
| Interdisciplinary Lectures |
| Entanglement and Non-Separability in Quantum Mechanics / G. Costa |
| Bell's Inequality |
| Experimental Tests and Conclusions |
| Digging for the Skull of the Cyclops / C. Klingshirn |
| How do we or our ancestors look like? |
| What should the skull of a Cyclops look like? |
| Digging for the skulls of the Cyclopes |
| What the skulls really are |
| The hypothesis |
| Long Seminars |
| Confined Structures Based on Point Defects in Lithium Fluoride Films: Optical Properties and Applications / R.M.Montereali |
| Optical Properties of Colour Centres in LiF |
| Optical Properties of LiF Films |
| Optical Properties of Point Defects in LiF Films |
| Passive Optical Waveguides in LiF Films |
| Active Optical Waveguides in LiF Films |
| Self-Organized Semiconductor Quantum Islands in a Semiconductor Matrix / E. Kurtz ; B. Dal Don ; M. Schmidt ; H. Kalt ; D. Litvinov ; A. Rosenauer ; D. Gerthsen |
| Advantages of a Reduced Dimensionality for Devices |
| Fabrication Techniques: Stranski Krastanow Growth Mode |
| Material Systems and Possible Applications |
| CdSe/ZnSe QD Systems |
| Classical Growth Methods |
| Introducing Sulfur by Using CdS Compound Instead of Elemental Cd for Mbe |
| Stacked CdSe Islands |
| Nasa Dial/Lidar Laser Technology Development Program / J. C. Barnes ; N. P. Barnes ; G. Koch ; W. C. Edwards ; J. Yu ; L. P. Petway |
| Quantum Mechanical Model |
| 2-Micrometer Laser Development for CO[subscript 2] and Wind Velocity |
| UV Laser Developments for Ozone |
| UV Laser Technology Development for Aircraft |
| UV Laser Technology Development for Space |
| Nd: Y[subscript 2]O[subscript 3] UV Laser Technology Development for Space |
| Compositionally Tuned, 0.994 [mu]m Laser for H[subscript 2]O Vapor, Clouds and Aerosols |
| Synthesis, Simulation & Spectroscopy: Physical Chemistry of Nanocrystals / J. F. Suyver |
| Dopant Pair-State Calculations |
| Pair-States in a Bulk Crystal |
| Differences in a Nanocrystal |
| Simulations and Numerical Results |
| General Formulation of the Problem |
| An Example |
| Single Nanocrystals |
| Experimental |
| Luminescence of a Single Nanocrystal |
| Applications and Challenges for the Future |
| Optical Microcavities Based on Color Centers in LiF Films: New Solid State Miniaturized Light Sources / F. Bonfigli ; B. Jacquier ; F. Menchini ; R. M. Montereali ; P. Moretti ; E. Nichelatti ; M. Piccinini ; H. Rigneault ; F. Somma |
| Planar Optical Microcavities Based on Electron-Irradiated LiF Films |
| Short Seminars |
| Optical Properties of II-VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals / S. F. Wuister |
| Excitonic Transitions in Cuprous Oxide / M. Jorger |
| Time Resolved Near Field Spectroscopy on CdSe/ZnSe Quantum Island |
| Growth and Electrical Characterisation of CdS/ZnSe Heterostructures / M. Dremel |
| Science for the Masses? / M. Vannette |
| Growth and Use of Concentration Gradient Samples for the Study of Dynamical Processes of Laser ResonantTransitions in RE Doped Y[subscript 2]O[subscript 3] (RE = Yb [superscript 3+], Er[superscript 3+], Ho[superscript 3+]) / L. Laversenne |
| Simplified Optical Assembly for Single-Molecule Spectroscopy / V. Palm |
| Quantum Cutting Phosphors / M. Doytcheva |
| Splitting of X-Ray Diffraction and Photoluminescence Peaks in InGAN/GaN Layers / S. Pereira |
| Optical Properties of InGaN Alloys: An Unsolved Mystery |
| Study of Irradiation Defects in Quantum Structures of Semiconductors A[subscript 3]B[subscript 5] / A. Cavaco |
| Numerical Studies of Semiconductor Quantum Structures / F. Boxberg |
| Visible Luminescence of Silicon Microstructures Fabricated with Femtosecond-Laser Irradiation |
| Photodisruption in Single Cells Using Femtosecond Laser Pulses / N. Shen |
| Strain and Indium Compositions Fluctuations in InGaN/GaN Wurzite Epitaxial Films Studied by Raman Spectroscopy / M.R. Correia |
| Posters |
| Dipole-Dipole Interaction Effect on the Optical Response of Quantum Dot Ensembles / S.A. Filonovich |
| Effect of the Matrix on the Radiative Lifetimes of Rare Earth Doped Nanoparticles Embedded in Matrices / H. Zheng |
| Evidence for Long-Range Interactions of Rare Earth Ions Doped in Nanocrystals Embedded in Amorphous Matrices with two-level systems of the matrix |
| Sol-Gel Processed Eu[superscript 2+] Doped Alkaline Earth Aluminates, MAl[subscript 2]O[subscript 4]:Eu[superscript 2+] (M = Ca, Sr) / T. Aitasalo ; J. Nittykoski |
| Nonlinear Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering Studies / R.C. Johnson |
| Luminescence Center Excited State Absorption in Calcium and Zinc Tungsates / V. Pankratov |
| Multi-Phonon Optical Transitions in Quantum Nanostructures Based on Ionic Crystals / O.V. Proshina |
| Strain and Composition in InGaN/GaN Layers |
| Raman Spectroscopy Studies in InGaN/GaN Epitaxial Layers |
| Thermal Effects of Nd PL Spectra in Garnet Hosts / Y. Chen |
| First Roundtable Discussion |
| Second Roundtable Discussion |
| Summary of the Course |
| Index |
