Measurements of optical fibers and devices : theory and experiments

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Measurements of optical fibers and devices : theory and experiments / Giovanni Cancellieri, Umberto Ravaioli

資料種別:

図書

出版情報:

Dedham, MA : Artech House, c1984

形態:

xvi, 496 p. ; 24 cm

著者名:

ISBN:

9780890061336 [0890061335]

書誌ID:

BA00039145

子書誌情報

フルテキスト

所蔵情報

他の版・巻

書誌詳細

注記:

Includes bibliographies

主題:

Fiber optics--Measurement

言語:

英語

目次情報:

Light Propagation in Ideal Multimode Fibers / 1：

Outline of the Electromagnetic Model / 1.1：

General Considerations / 1.1.1：

Exact Electromagnetic Theory of Round Step-Index Fibers / 1.1.2：

Approximate Evaluation of the Total Number of Guided Modes / 1.1.3：

WKB Approximate Solution for Graded-Index Fibers / 1.1.4：

The Ray-Optics Model / 1.2：

Light Acceptance in Step Index Fibers / 1.2.1：

Correspondence between Modes and Rays / 1.2.2：

Light Acceptance in Graded-Index Fibers / 1.2.3：

General Ray-Optics in Inhomogeneous Media / 1.2.4：

Constants of the Motion / 1.2.5：

Ray Tracing / 1.2.6：

Ray Domain / 1.2.7：

The Radiance Law / 1.2.8：

Ray Distribution / 1.2.9：

Domain (r[subscript 1], theta[subscript 1]) / 1.2.10：

Intermodal Time Dispersion / 1.3：

Time Dispersion in Step-Index Fibers / 1.3.1：

alpha-Profiles / 1.3.2：

WKB Approximation for [characters not producible]-Profiles / 1.3.3：

Effects of Leaky Modes / 1.3.4：

Ray-Optics Approach for [characters not producible]-Profiles / 1.3.5：

The rms Pulsewidth / 1.3.6：

Simplified Description of the Launching Condition / 1.3.7：

Effects of the Launching Condition / 1.3.8：

Effects of Profile Imperfections / 1.3.9：

Compensation Effect of Time Dispersion in Fiber Chains / 1.3.10：

Intramodal Time Dispersion / 1.4：

Group Delays in the Presence of Material Dispersion / 1.4.1：

Effects of the Finite Extension of the Source Spectral Width / 1.4.2：

Wavelength of Zero Material Dispersion / 1.4.3：

Total Time Dispersion / 1.4.4：

Optimum Index Profile in the Presence of Material Dispersion / 1.4.5：

Linear Profile Dispersion / 1.4.6：

Nonlinear Profile Dispersion / 1.4.7：

Real Fibers / 2：

Intrinsic Attenuation / 2.1：

Causes of Intrinsic Attenuation / 2.1.1：

Absorption Loss / 2.1.2：

Scattering Loss / 2.1.3：

Fiber Perturbations / 2.2：

Kinds of Fiber Perturbation / 2.2.1：

Outline of the Electromagnetic Approach to the Study of Fiber Perturbations / 2.2.2：

Ray-Optics Approach to Core Diameter Fluctuations / 2.2.3：

Ray-Optics Approach to Microbending / 2.2.4：

Optical Power Flow Equation in the Electromagnetic Model / 2.2.5：

Optical Power Flow Equation in the Ray-Optics Model / 2.2.6：

Solutions of the Optical Power Flow Equation / 2.2.7：

The Time-Dependent Equation / 2.2.8：

Transmission Properties of Perturbed Fibers / 2.3：

Exact Solution of the Time-Independent Equation / 2.3.1：

Perturbative Solutions of the Time-Dependent Equation / 2.3.2：

Evolution of the Attenuation Coefficient while Approaching Steady-State / 2.3.3：

Evolution of the Baseband Response while Approaching Steady-State / 2.3.4：

Optimization of the Cabling Process / 2.3.5：

Effects of Joints / 2.4：

Splices and Connectors / 2.4.1：

Exact Electromagnetic Model of a Connector / 2.4.2：

Linear Model of a Connector / 2.4.3：

Matricial Approach to the Study of Cascaded Fibers / 2.4.4：

Power Loss of a Connector between Two Unperturbed Fibers / 2.4.5：

Power Loss of a Connector between Two Perturbed Fibers / 2.4.6：

Outline of Connector Time Dispersion Properties / 2.4.7：

Transducers / 3：

Optical Sources / 3.1：

Collimated Beam Lasers / 3.1.1：

Top Emitting LEDs / 3.1.2：

Edge Emitting LEDs / 3.1.3：

Laser Diodes / 3.1.4：

Some Imperfections of the Laser Emission / 3.1.5：

Laser Structures / 3.1.6：

Spectral Properties of LEDs and Laser Diodes / 3.1.7：

Modulation Properties of LEDs and Laser Diodes / 3.1.8：

Photodetectors / 3.2：

Review of the Existing Photodetectors / 3.2.1：

Solar Cells and PIN Photodiodes / 3.2.2：

Avalanche Photodiodes (APD) / 3.2.3：

Some Considerations about the Noise of Photodiodes / 3.2.4：

Spectral Properties of Photodiodes / 3.2.5：

Modulation Properties of Photodiodes / 3.2.6：

Transmission Systems / 4：

Transmission Systems Based on Intensity Modulation / 4.1：

LED and Laser Drivers / 4.1.1：

Types of Front Ends / 4.1.2：

Analog Receivers / 4.1.3：

Digital Receivers / 4.1.4：

Equalization / 4.1.5：

Ultimate Limits of Transmission Capacity and Repeater Spacing for Intensity Modulation Systems / 4.1.6：

Coherent Transmission Systems / 4.2：

Advantages of Coherent Systems over Traditional Systems / 4.2.1：

Main Problems of Practical Coherent Transmissions / 4.2.2：

Scanning Masurements / 5：

Scanning Measurements on Fibers / 5.1：

Defraction Limit / 5.1.1：

Optical Arrangements / 5.1.2：

Differential Mode Attenuation Measurements / 5.1.3：

Differential Mode Delay Measurements / 5.1.4：

Indirect Tests for Investigating Mode Coupling Effects / 5.1.5：

Advantages of Domain (r[subscript 1], theta[subscript 1]) / 5.1.6：

Scanning Measurements on Transducers / 5.2：

Scanning Measurements on LEDs and Laser Diodes / 5.2.1：

Scanning Measurements on Photodiodes / 5.2.2：

Measurements on Transducers / 6：

Integrated Measurements / 6.1：

Electric Characterization of LEDs and Laser Diodes / 6.1.1：

Measurement of the Electro-Optical Transduction and Its Baseband Response / 6.1.2：

Electric Characterization of Photodiodes / 6.1.3：

Measurements of the Responsivity and Its Baseband Response / 6.1.4：

Reliability Tests on Laser Diodes / 6.1.5：

Differential Measurements / 6.2：

Measurement of the Spectral Distribution of the Emitted Power in LEDs and Laser Diodes / 6.2.1：

Measurements of Near and Far Field Patterns in LEDs and Laser Diodes / 6.2.2：

Measurements of Spatial Relative Delays of Emission in LEDs / 6.2.3：

Theoretical Model of Radiation Confinement and Spatial Relative Delays of Emission / 6.2.4：

Combined Spectral and Geometrical Differential Measurements in LEDs and Laser Diodes / 6.2.5：

Tests on the Spectral and Geometrical Dependence of the Responsivity / 6.2.6：

Index Profile Measurements / 7：

Fiber Profiling / 7.1：

Near Field Scanning Technique / 7.1.1：

Refracted Near Field Technique / 7.1.2：

Slice Interferometry / 7.1.3：

Reflection Method / 7.1.4：

Transverse Interferometry / 7.1.5：

Transverse Focusing Technique / 7.1.6：

Brief Review of Other Techniques / 7.1.7：

Comparative Discussion / 7.1.8：

Preform Profiling / 7.2：

Techniques Also Employed for Fiber Profiling / 7.2.1：

Ray Tracing Method / 7.2.2：

Comparison between the Fiber and Its Parent Preform / 7.2.3：

Geometrical Measurements / 8：

Measurements on the Fiber Cross Section / 8.1：

Direct Fiber End Face Inspection / 8.1.1：

Near Field Techniques / 8.1.2：

Outer Diameter Measurements / 8.1.3：

Measurements of the Ellipticity of the Fiber Outer Surface / 8.1.4：

Measurements of NA / 8.1.5：

Fiber Length Measurements / 8.2：

Fiber Length Measurement by Backscattering / 8.2.1：

Fiber Length Measurement by a Lock-in Amplifier / 8.2.2：

Attenuation Measurements / 9：

Review of the Existing Techniques / 9.1：

The Cut-Back Technique / 9.1.1：

The Backscattering Technique (OTDR) / 9.1.2：

Technological Measurements / 9.1.3：

Measurements of Total Loss by Lateral Scattering Detection / 9.1.4：

The Insertion Loss Measurement / 9.1.5：

Joint Loss Measurements / 9.1.6：

On-Line Tests during Fiber Fabrication / 9.1.7：

Discussion on Cutback / 9.2：

Beam Launchers and Mode Scramblers / 9.2.1：

Accuracy of Cutback Measurements / 9.2.2：

Spectral Loss Measurements / 9.2.3：

Measurements Performed by Varying the Launching Condition / 9.2.4：

Discussion on Backscattering / 9.3：

Launching Techniques / 9.3.1：

Ray Distribution of the Backscattered Power / 9.3.2：

Effects of Fluctuations in the Fiber Parameters / 9.3.3：

Measurements of Local Additional Losses / 9.3.4：

Analysis of All Noise Sources in Backscattering Measurements / 9.3.5：

Dynamic Range Limitations / 9.3.6：

Accuracy of Backscattering Measurements / 9.3.7：

Outline of Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) / 9.3.8：

DMA Measurements of Step Index Fibers / 9.4：

DMA Measurements of Graded Index Fibers / 9.4.2：

Discussion of the Accuracy of DMA Measurements / 9.4.3：

Time Dispersion Measurements / 10：

Extrapolation of the Experimental Results of Time Dispersion Measurements / 10.1：

Measurements in the Time Domain / 10.1.2：

Measurements in the Frequency Domain / 10.1.3：

Measurements of Intermodal Time Dispersion / 10.1.4：

Material Dispersion Measurements / 10.1.5：

Experimental Evaluation of Profile Dispersion / 10.1.6：

Discussion of the Measurements in the Time Domain / 10.2：

Main Causes of Uncertainty in Time Domain Measurements / 10.2.1：

Use of a Lock-in Amplifier to Improve the SNR / 10.2.2：

Use of Pick-Up Procedure to Reduce the Overall Uncertainty / 10.2.3：

Evaluation of the Effective Input Pulse / 10.2.4：

Discussion on the Measurements in the Frequency Domain / 10.3：

The Fiber Transfer Function / 10.3.1：

Main Causes of Uncertainty in Frequency Domain Measurements / 10.3.2：

A Method for Improving the Maximum Dynamic Range / 10.3.3：

Evaluation of the Phase Response via a Hilbert Transform / 10.3.4：

Direct Measurement of the Phase Response / 10.3.5：

Overall Accuracy of Frequency Domain Measurements / 10.3.6：

Purposes of a DMD Measurement / 10.4：

DMD Measurements on Step Index Fibers / 10.4.2：

DMD Measurements on Graded Index Fibers / 10.4.3：

Discussion of DMD Measurement Accuracy / 10.4.4：

Indirect Tests on Mode Coupling Effects / 11：

Tests Based on Amplitude Mode Power Distributions / 11.1：

Measurements of Amplitude Mode Power Distributions under a Selective Excitation / 11.1.1：

Measurement of Amplitude Mode Power Distributions at the Steady-State / 11.1.2：

Tests Based on Amplitude and Delay Mode Power Distributions / 11.2：

Theorectial Model for the Measurement of the Mode-Dependent Attenuation and the Coupling Coefficient / 11.2.1：

Measurement of Mode-Dependent Attenuation and Coupling Coefficient / 11.2.2：

Theoretical Model for an Indirect Evaluation of the Fiber Baseband Response in the Presence of Mode Coupling / 11.2.3：

Measurement of the Fiber Baseband Response through an Indirect Test, in the Presence of Mode Coupling / 11.2.4：

Measurements of Monomode Fibers / 12：

Index Profile and Geometrical Measurements on Monomode Fibers / 12.1：

Index Profiling in Monomode Fibers / 12.1.1：

Cutoff Wavelength Measurement / 12.1.2：

Fundamental Mode Spot Size Measurement / 12.1.3：

Equivalent Step Index Profile Determination / 12.1.4：

Measurements of Core-Cladding Concentricity and Core Ellipticity in Monomode Fibers / 12.1.5：

Measurements of NA in Monomode Fibers / 12.1.6：

Transmission Measurements of Monomode Fibers / 12.2：

Attenuation Measurements in Monomode Fibers / 12.2.1：

Time Dispersion Measurements in Monomode Fibers / 12.2.2：

Optical Instruments Frequently Used in Optical Fiber Measurements / A1：

Monochromators / 1.a：

Light Modulators / 1.b：

Microscope Objectives / 1.c：

Optical Directional Couplers / 1.d：

Electric Instruments Frequently Used in Optical Fiber Measurements / A2：

Lock-in Amplifier and Light-Chopper / 2.a：

Boxcar Integrator / 2.b：

Fiber end Preparation / A3：

Fiber Cleaving Technique / 3.a：

Fiber Break Angle Inspection Procedures / 3.b：

Light Propagation in Ideal Multimode Fibers / 1：

Outline of the Electromagnetic Model / 1.1：

General Considerations / 1.1.1：

Exact Electromagnetic Theory of Round Step-Index Fibers / 1.1.2：

Approximate Evaluation of the Total Number of Guided Modes / 1.1.3：

WKB Approximate Solution for Graded-Index Fibers / 1.1.4：

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