| Acknowledgments |
| Preface |
| The Riddle of Nuclear Waste / 1： |
| The Status Quo: Promoting Permanent Disposal |
| The Mistakes of the Past |
| Summary and Overview |
| Understanding the Origins of the Problem / 2： |
| Radioactive Waste: Technical Background |
| Radioactive Waste: Historical Background |
| The Current Status of High-Level Radioactive Waste |
| Radioactive Waste: Legal and Regulatory Background |
| Conclusion |
| Reliance on Value Judgments in Repository Risk Assessment / 3： |
| Science and Methodological Value Judgments |
| Quantitative Risk Assessment and Value Judgments |
| Value Judgments in Estimating Risks |
| Value Judgments in Evaluating Risks |
| Subjective Estimates of Repository Risks / 4： |
| Repository Risk Estimates Rely on Questionable Value Judgments |
| Value Judgments about Long-term Risks |
| Value Judgments about Model Reliability |
| Value Judgments about Simplification of the Phenomena |
| Value Judgments about Reliability of Sampling |
| Value Judgments about Laboratory Predictions |
| Value Judgments about Fractured, Unsaturated Media |
| Value Judgments that Interpolations Are Acceptable |
| Value Judgments that Human Error Is Not Significant |
| Problems with Yucca Mountain versus Problems with Permanent Disposal |
| Subjective Evaluations of Repository Risks / 5： |
| Value Judgments that a Given Magnitude of Risk Is Acceptable |
| Value Judgments that Risk Reductions Are Sufficient |
| Value Judgments that Worst-case Hazards Are Not Credible |
| Value Judgments that Average Risks Are Acceptable |
| Value Judgments that More Recent Assessments Are More Reliable |
| Value Judgments that Utilitarian Risk Theories Are Just |
| Value Judgments about Single-site Studies |
| Value Judgments that Full Liability Does Not Promote Safety |
| Value Judgments that High-Level Waste Is as Safe as Ore |
| Problematic Inferences in Assessing Repository Risks / 6： |
| The Appeal to Ignorance |
| Two-Valued Epistemic Logic and the Appeal to Ignorance |
| Begging the Question |
| The Expertise Inference |
| The Linearity Inference |
| The De Minimis Inference |
| The Consent Inference |
| Specious Accuracy |
| The Inference of the Multiple Maximand |
| Affirming the Consequent |
| The Appeal to Authority |
| Uncertainty: An Obstacle to Geological Disposal / 7： |
| We Cannot Adequately Guarantee Yucca Mountain Safety |
| Extensive, Nonquantifiable Uncertainty at Yucca Mountain Argues against Disposal |
| Uncertainty and Permanent Disposal |
| Uncertainty and Permanent Disposal: Other Countries |
| Uncertainty and Permanent Disposal: Faulty Inferences |
| Uncertainty and Permanent Disposal: An Objection |
| Uncertainty and Permanent Disposal: Type-II Error |
| Equity: An Obstacle to Geological Disposal / 8： |
| Equity and Permanent Geological Disposal |
| Equity and Permanent Geological Disposal: Objections Based on Utility |
| Equity and Permanent Geological Disposal: Are There Duties to Future Generations? |
| Consent and Permanent Disposal |
| Practical and Legal Considerations against Disposal |
| An Alternative to Permanent Geological Disposal / 9： |
| Basic Principles |
| The NMRS Option |
| Historical Context |
| Independent Technical and Review Committees |
| A Lottery to Determine NMRS Rotations |
| Regional and Temporary NMRS |
| Public Defender for the Future |
| Full Liability |
| Compensation from the Beginning |
| Negotiated Compensation |
| A Public-legacy Trust |
| Benefits of NMRS Facilities |
| Objections to NMRS Facilities |
| Is a Hundred-year NMRS More Expensive? |
| Discounting Underestimates Repository Risks |
| Does NMRS Unrealistically Seek Zero Risk? |
| Would NMRS Burden the Future? |
| Would NMRS Facilities Become De Facto Permanent? |
| NMRS Uncertainties |
| Do Several Sites for NMRS Create Too Much Anxiety? |
| Does the Quantity of Waste Require Permanent Disposal? |
| Notes |
| Index of Names |
| Index of Subjects |
| Acknowledgments |
| Preface |
| The Riddle of Nuclear Waste / 1： |
| The Status Quo: Promoting Permanent Disposal |
| The Mistakes of the Past |
| Summary and Overview |
