Fundamentals of organic chemistry

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Fundamentals of organic chemistry / John McMurry

版:: 3rd ed
資料種別:: 図書
出版情報:: Pacific Grove, Calif. : Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., c1994
形態:: xx, 536, 16 p. ; 25 cm
著者名:: McMurry, John <DA00491547>
ISBN:: 9780534212100 [0534212107]
書誌ID:: BA22334400

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注記:

Includes index

主題:

Chemistry, Organic

言語:

英語

目次情報:

Preface

A Note for Students

Structure and Bonding; Acids and Bases / 1：

Atomic Structure / 1.1：

Electron Configuration of Atoms / 1.2：

Development of Chemical Bonding Theory / 1.3：

The Nature of Chemical Bonds / 1.4：

Forming Covalent Bonds: Valence Bond Theory / 1.5：

Hybridization: sp[superscript 3] Orbitals and the Structure of Methane / 1.6：

Hybridization: sp[superscript 3] Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane / 1.7：

Hybridization: sp[subscript 2] Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene / 1.8：

Hybridization: sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene / 1.9：

Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity / 1.10：

Acids and Bases: The Bronsted--Lowry Definition / 1.11：

Acids and Bases: The Lewis Definition / 1.12：

The Nature of Organic Compounds: Alkanes / 2：

Functional Groups / 2.1：

Alkanes and Alkyl Groups: Isomers / 2.2：

Naming Branched-Chain Alkanes / 2.3：

Properties of Alkanes / 2.4：

Conformations of Ethane / 2.5：

Drawing Chemical Structures / 2.6：

Cycloalkanes / 2.7：

Cis--Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes / 2.8：

Conformations of Some Cycloalkanes / 2.9：

Axial and Equatorial Bonds in Cyclohexane / 2.10：

Conformational Mobility of Cyclohexane / 2.11：

The Nature of Organic Reactions: Alkenes / 3：

Naming Alkenes / 3.1：

Electronic Structure of Alkenes / 3.2：

Cis--Trans Isomers of Alkenes / 3.3：

Sequence Rules: The E,Z Designation / 3.4：

Kinds of Organic Reactions / 3.5：

How Reactions Occur: Mechanisms / 3.6：

The Mechanism of an Organic Reaction: Addition of HCl to Ethylene / 3.7：

Describing a Reaction: Reaction Energy Diagrams and Transition States / 3.8：

Describing a Reaction: Intermediates / 3.9：

Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes / 4：

Addition of HX to Alkenes: Hydrohalogenation / 4.1：

Orientation of Alkene Addition Reactions: Markovnikov's Rule / 4.2：

Carbocation Structure and Stability / 4.3：

Addition of H[subscript 2]O to Alkenes: Hydration / 4.4：

Addition of X[subscript 2] to Alkenes: Halogenation / 4.5：

Addition of H[subscript 2] to Alkenes: Hydrogenation / 4.6：

Oxidation of Alkenes: Hydroxylation and Cleavage / 4.7：

Biological Addition Reactions of Alkenes / 4.8：

Addition of Radicals to Alkenes: Polymers / 4.9：

Conjugated Dienes / 4.10：

Stability of Allylic Carbocations: Resonance / 4.11：

Drawing and Interpreting Resonance Forms / 4.12：

Alkynes and Their Reactions / 4.13：

Aromatic Compounds / 5：

Structure of Benzene: The Kekule Proposal / 5.1：

Structure of Benzene: The Resonance Proposal / 5.2：

Naming Aromatic Compounds / 5.3：

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions: Bromination / 5.4：

Other Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions / 5.5：

The Friedel--Crafts Alkylation and Acylation Reactions / 5.6：

Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution / 5.7：

An Explanation of Substituent Effects / 5.8：

Oxidation and Reduction of Aromatic Compounds / 5.9：

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / 5.10：

Organic Synthesis / 5.11：

Stereochemistry / 6：

Stereochemistry and the Tetrahedral Carbon / 6.1：

The Reason for Handedness in Molecules: Chirality / 6.2：

Optical Activity / 6.3：

Specific Rotation / 6.4：

Pasteur's Discovery of Enantiomers / 6.5：

Sequence Rules for Specifying Configuration / 6.6：

Diastereomers / 6.7：

Meso Compounds / 6.8：

Molecules with More Than Two Stereocenters / 6.9：

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers / 6.10：

Physical Properties of Stereoisomers / 6.11：

A Brief Review of Isomerism / 6.12：

Chirality in Nature / 6.13：

Alkyl Halides / 7：

Naming Alkyl Halides / 7.1：

Preparing Alkyl Halides / 7.2：

Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Grignard Reagents / 7.3：

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions / 7.4：

The S[subscript N]2 Reaction / 7.5：

The S[subscript N]1 Reaction / 7.6：

Eliminations: The E2 Reaction / 7.7：

Eliminations: The E1 Reaction / 7.8：

A Summary of Reactivity: S[subscript N]1, S[subscript N]2, E1, E2 / 7.9：

Substitution Reactions in Living Organisms / 7.10：

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers / 8：

Naming Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers / 8.1：

Properties of Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers: Hydrogen Bonding / 8.2：

Properties of Alcohols and Phenols: Acidity / 8.3：

Synthesis of Alcohols / 8.4：

Reactions of Alcohols / 8.5：

Synthesis and Reactions of Phenols / 8.6：

Synthesis and Reactions of Ethers / 8.7：

Cyclic Ethers: Epoxides / 8.8：

Thiols and Sulfides / 8.9：

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions / 9：

The Nature of Carbonyl Compounds / 9.1：

Naming Aldehydes and Ketones / 9.2：

Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones / 9.3：

Oxidation of Aldehydes / 9.4：

Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Reduction / 9.5：

Nucleophilic Addition of Water: Hydration / 9.6：

Nucleophilic Addition of Alcohols: Acetal Formation / 9.7：

Nucleophilic Addition of Amines: Imine Formation / 9.8：

Nucleophilic Addition of Grignard Reagents: Alcohol Formation / 9.9：

Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition Reactions / 9.10：

Some Biological Nucleophilic Addition Reactions / 9.11：

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives / 10：

Naming Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives / 10.1：

Occurrence and Properties of Carboxylic Acids / 10.2：

Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids / 10.3：

Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions / 10.4：

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids / 10.5：

Chemistry of Acid Halides / 10.6：

Chemistry of Acid Anhydrides / 10.7：

Chemistry of Esters / 10.8：

Chemistry of Amides / 10.9：

Chemistry of Nitriles / 10.10：

Polymers from Carbonyl Compounds: Nylons and Polyesters / 10.11：

Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions and Condensation Reactions / 11：

Keto--Enol Tautomerism / 11.1：

Reactivity of Enols: The Mechanism of Alpha-Substitution Reactions / 11.2：

Alpha Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones / 11.3：

Acidity of Alpha Hydrogen Atoms: Enolate Ion Formation / 11.4：

Reactivity of Enolate Ions / 11.5：

Alkylation of Enolate Ions / 11.6：

Carbonyl Condensation Reactions / 11.7：

Condensations of Aldehydes and Ketones: The Aldol Reaction / 11.8：

Dehydration of Aldol Products: Synthesis of Enones / 11.9：

Condensations of Esters: The Claisen Condensation Reaction / 11.10：

Biological Carbonyl Reactions / 11.11：

Amines / 12：

Naming Amines / 12.1：

Structure and Properties of Amines / 12.2：

Basicity of Amines / 12.3：

Synthesis of Amines / 12.4：

Reactions of Amines / 12.5：

Heterocyclic Amines / 12.6：

Alkaloids: Naturally Occurring Amines / 12.7：

Structure Determination / 13：

Infrared Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum / 13.1：

Infrared Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules / 13.2：

Ultraviolet Spectroscopy / 13.3：

Interpreting Ultraviolet Spectra: The Effect of Conjugation / 13.4：

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / 13.5：

The Nature of NMR Absorptions / 13.6：

Chemical Shifts / 13.7：

Chemical Shifts in [superscript 1]H NMR Spectra / 13.8：

Integration of [superscript 1]H NMR Spectra: Proton Counting / 13.9：

Spin--Spin Splitting in [superscript 1]H NMR Spectra / 13.10：

Uses of [superscript 1]H NMR Spectra / 13.11：

[superscript 13]C NMR Spectroscopy / 13.12：

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates / 14：

Classification of Carbohydrates / 14.1：

Configurations of Monosaccharides: Fischer Projections / 14.2：

D,L Sugars / 14.3：

Configurations of Aldoses / 14.4：

Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides: Hemiacetal Formation / 14.5：

Monosaccharide Anomers: Mutarotation / 14.6：

Reactions of Monosaccharides / 14.7：

Polysaccharides / 14.9：

Other Important Carbohydrates / 14.10：

Cell-Surface Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate Vaccines / 14.11：

Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins / 15：

Structures of Amino Acids / 15.1：

Isoelectric Points / 15.2：

Peptides and Proteins / 15.3：

Covalent Bonding in Peptides / 15.4：

Peptide Structure Determination: Amino Acid Analysis / 15.5：

Peptide Sequencing: The Edman Degradation / 15.6：

Peptide Synthesis / 15.7：

Classification of Proteins / 15.8：

Protein Structure / 15.9：

Enzymes / 15.10：

How Do Enzymes Work? Citrate Synthase / 15.11：

Biomolecules: Lipids and Nucleic Acids / 16：

Lipids / 16.1：

Fats and Oils / 16.2：

Soaps / 16.3：

Phospholipids / 16.4：

Steroids / 16.5：

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides / 16.6：

Structure of DNA / 16.7：

Base Pairing in DNA: The Watson--Crick Model / 16.8：

Nucleic Acids and Heredity / 16.9：

Replication of DNA / 16.10：

Structure and Synthesis of RNA: Transcription / 16.11：

RNA and Protein Biosynthesis: Translation / 16.12：

Sequencing DNA / 16.13：

The Polymerase Chain Reaction / 16.14：

The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways / 17：

An Overview of Metabolism and Biochemical Energy / 17.1：

Catabolism of Fats: [beta]-Oxidation Pathway / 17.2：

Catabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycolysis / 17.3：

The Citric Acid Cycle / 17.4：

Catabolism of Proteins: Transamination / 17.5：

The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways: A Summary / 17.6：

Appendixes

Nomenclature of Polyfunctional Organic Compounds / A：

Glossary / B：

Answers to Selected In-Chapter Problems / C：

Index

Preface

A Note for Students

Structure and Bonding; Acids and Bases / 1：

Atomic Structure / 1.1：

Electron Configuration of Atoms / 1.2：

Development of Chemical Bonding Theory / 1.3：

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