| Preface |
| List of Contributors |
| Molecular Ecology: Origins and Approach / Gary R Carvalho1.： |
| Introduction: the approach of molecular ecology |
| Molecular ecology: what do we mean? / 2.： |
| Molecular ecology: a new term for an established field / 3.： |
| The DNA era: advances in technology / 4.： |
| Descriptive and mechanistic molecular ecology / 5.： |
| The molecular genetic toolbox: choices and applications / 6.： |
| Concluding remarks and future priorities / 7.： |
| References |
| Phylogenetic Analysis of Frequency Data in Molecular Ecological Studies / David M Hillis |
| Introduction |
| Optimality criteria and search algorithms |
| Selecting an appropriate distance measure |
| The step matrix |
| Step matrices with frequency data |
| An example using PAUP |
| Extensions to ecological and behavioural characters |
| Conclusions / 8.： |
| Estimation of Migration Rates and Population Sizes in Geographically Structured Populations / Peter Beerli |
| How to compare different population parameter estimators |
| Migration rate estimators based on F-statistics |
| Maximum likelihood estimators based on allele frequencies |
| Estimators using the coalescent |
| Variable mutation rate |
| Testing whether migration rates are symmetric |
| Discussion |
| Conclusion / 9.： |
| Microsatellites and Minisatellites for Molecular Ecology: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations / Arnaud Estoup ; Bernard Angers |
| Qualitative, quantitative and technical features |
| Mutation processes |
| Analyses at the individual level |
| Analysis at the population level |
| Conclusions and future prospects |
| Structure, Function and Dynamics of Microbial Communities: the Molecular Biological Approach / Gerard Muyzer |
| Cloning of 16S rRNA encoding genes |
| Ribosomal RNA slot-blot hybridization |
| In situ hybridization |
| In situ PCR |
| Genetic fingerprinting of microbial communities |
| Limitations of molecular techniques in microbial ecological studies |
| Retrieval of useful information from complex mixtures of microorganisms |
| Concluding remarks and future directions |
| Bacterial Evolution and the Nature of Species / J Peter W Young |
| Who needs species? |
| Why are there species? |
| Why are bacteria interesting? |
| How do bacteriologists define bacterial species? |
| What do we know about the phylogeny of bacteria? |
| Do bacteria have sex? |
| How effective is bacterial sex? |
| Are bacterial species maintained by genetics or by ecology? |
| Ancient DNA: Problems and Perspectives for Molecular Microbial Palaeoecology / Franco Rollo |
| Brief historical background |
| Unravelling a specimen's history |
| How long can DNA last? |
| The "Archaeometric" approach |
| Perspectives for molecular microbial palaeoecology |
| Future perspectives |
| Clonal Organisms and the Benefits of Sex / Robert C Vrijenhoek |
| Why have sex? |
| Why not clone? |
| Ancient clones? |
| Summary and conclusions |
| Parentage Analysis in Plants: Mating Systems, Gene Flow, and Relative Fertilities / Andrew Schnabel |
| Mating system analysis |
| Exclusion analysis and gene flow estimation |
| Methods for estimation of relative male and female fertilities |
| Practical considerations in parentage studies |
| Future directions in the use of parentage analysis |
| Population Identification in Pelagic Fish: the Limits of Molecular Markers / Lorenz Hauser ; Robert D Ward10.： |
| Genetic population structure and the definition of units for fisheries management |
| Ecological factors affecting patterns of genetic diversity in pelagic fish |
| Molecular approaches to the identification of pelagic fish populations |
| Summary and concluding remarks |
| Molecular Markers and Natural Selection / Jeffry B Mitton11.： |
| Recent examples of selection detected by molecular markers |
| Discordant patterns of geographic variation |
| Sexual selection and the privilege of the heterozygous male |
| Summary |
| Molecular Ecology of Hybridization / Loren H Rieseberg12.： |
| Concepts and terminology |
| Molecular markers |
| Structure and dynamics of hybrid zones |
| Phylogeography of hybridization |
| Hybrid zones and the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation |
| Outcomes of hybridization |
| Conclusions and future directions |
| Variable Environments and Evolutionary Diversification in Inland Waters / Paul D Hebert13.： |
| Varied rates of molecular evolution - analytical artefacts and biological effects |
| Varied rates of morphological divergence: an overview |
| Morphological transitions - a paleontological perspective |
| 2825. Morphological transitions - a neontological perspective |
| The environment and evolution |
| Future studies |
| A Guide to Software Packages for Data Analysis in Molecular Ecology / 14.： |
| Relationships among individuals: parentage and relatedness |
| Relationships among populations: population genetic structure and gene flow |
| Relationships among species: phylogeny reconstruction |
| Appendices |
| Glossary of Terms |
| Preface |
| List of Contributors |
| Molecular Ecology: Origins and Approach / Gary R Carvalho1.： |
| Introduction: the approach of molecular ecology |
| Molecular ecology: what do we mean? / 2.： |
| Molecular ecology: a new term for an established field / 3.： |
