| Contributors |
| Introduction / B.M. Nigg ; B.R. MacIntosh ; J. Mester |
| Work and Energy: Work and Energy Historical Highlights / Part I： |
| Mechanical Considerations of Work and Energy / D. Stefanyshyn ; J. DenothChapter 1： |
| The Concept of Mechanical Work and Energy |
| Mechanical Work |
| Mechanical Energy |
| Calculation of Mechanical Energy During Human Movement |
| The Laws of Conservation of Energy |
| Conservation of Energy |
| Summary |
| References |
| Storage and Release of Elastic Energy in the Locomotor System and the Stretch-Shortening Cycle / R.McN. AlexanderChapter 2： |
| Principles of Elasticity |
| The Properties of Body Parts |
| Springs Functioning as Catapults |
| Springs Saving Energy |
| Springs Cushioning Impacts |
| Conclusion |
| Length Changes of Muscle-Tendon Units During Athletic Movements / J.G. HayChapter 3： |
| Elaboration of the Concepts |
| Long Jump |
| Volleyball Block |
| Sprinting |
| Cycling |
| Summary and Potential Applications |
| Work and Energy Influenced by Athletic Equipment / D.J. StefanyshynChapter 4： |
| Energy Return |
| Minimizing the Loss of Energy |
| Additional Situations With an Unnecessary Loss of Energy |
| Situations Where a Loss of Energy is Advantageous |
| The Three Modes of Terrestrial Locomotion / A.E. MinettiChapter 5： |
| Mechanics and Energetics of Locomotion |
| Slow Speed: Walking and Brachiation |
| Intermediate Speed: Running, Trotting, and Hopping |
| High Speed: Galloping and Skipping |
| Gait Transition |
| Gradient Locomotion |
| Different Gravity Conditions |
| The Pathways for Oxygen and Substrates / H. Hoppeler ; E.R. WeibelChapter 6： |
| The Primary Concepts |
| Historical Highlights |
| Model of the Respiratory System |
| Muscle Mitochondria Set the Demand for Oxygen |
| Supply of Substrates From Cellular Stores to Mitochondria |
| Microcirculatory Supply of Oxygen and Substrates |
| Convective Transport of Oxygen and Substrates by the Heart |
| Oxygen Diffusion in the Lung |
| Conclusions |
| Energy and Nutrient Intake for Athletic Performance / P.W.R. LemonChapter 7： |
| Food Energy |
| Carbohydrate |
| Fat |
| Protein |
| Water |
| Minerals |
| Vitamins |
| Intensity of Cycling and Cycle Ergometry: Power Output and Energy Cost / R.R. Neptune ; A.J. van den BogertChapter 8： |
| Primary Concepts |
| Ergometer Cycling |
| Road Cycling |
| Kinematic Methods |
| Kinetic Methods |
| Indirect Calorimetry |
| Steady State Energetics |
| Determinants of Steady State Energy Cost of Cycle Ergometry |
| Slow Component of Oxygen Uptake |
| Supramaximal Energy Use, Anaerobic Metabolism |
| Measurement of the Energy Cost of Cycling |
| Work and Energy Summary |
| Work and Energy Definitions |
| Balance and Control of Movement: Balance and Control of Movement Historical Highlights / Part II： |
| Basic Concepts of Movement Control / R. Stein ; E.P. Zehr ; J. BobetChapter 9： |
| Review of Control Theory |
| Feedforward (Muscle) Control |
| Isometric Contractions |
| Force-Length Curve |
| Force-Velocity Curve |
| Feedback (Reflex) Control |
| Stretch Reflexes and Servo-Control |
| Servo-Assistance and Fusimotor Set |
| Inhibitory Modulation |
| Golgi Tendon Organs |
| Cutaneous Receptors |
| Central Control of Locomotion |
| Muscle Activation and Movement Control / W. HerzogChapter 10： |
| Muscle Activation |
| Movement Control: Experimental Considerations |
| Movement Control: Theoretical Considerations |
| Applications to Sport Science |
| Final Comments |
| Power Output and Force-Velocity Properties of Muscle / R.J. HolashChapter 11： |
| Shape of the Force- and Power-Velocity Relationships |
| Muscle Architecture and the Force-Velocity Relationship |
| Ways of Studying Force-Velocity Properties |
| Factors Affecting the Force- and Power-Velocity Relationships |
| A Model of Force-Velocity Properties for Mixed Fiber Types |
| Functional Implications of the Force-Velocity Properties of Muscle |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Stability and Control of Aerial Movements / M.R. Yeadon ; E.C. MikulcikChapter 12： |
| Statement of the Problem |
| Elaboration of Concepts |
| Film Analysis |
| Movement Control and Balance in Earthbound Movements / Chapter 13： |
| Bottom-Up Regulation: Building Up Posture and Balance Against Gravity |
| Top-Down Regulation: Central Input and Supervision |
| Control and Balance of Directional Earthbound Movements |
| Balance in Standing Upright Under High External Forces |
| Balance in Sitting Under Low External Forces |
| Movement Control Under Time Pressure |
| Balance and Control of Movement Summary |
| Balance and Control of Movement Definitions |
| Load During Physical Activity: Load During Physical Activity Historical Highlights / Part III： |
| Forces Acting on and in the Human Body / Chapter 14： |
| Definitions and General Comments |
| The Force System Analysis |
| Order of Magnitude of Forces |
| Force Production in Human Skeletal Muscle / Chapter 15： |
| Structure and Morphology of Skeletal Muscle |
| Gross Structure of Skeletal Muscle |
| Excitation-Contraction Coupling |
| The Cross-Bridge Theory |
| Muscle Force |
| History Dependence of Force Production |
| Mechanical Effects of Forces Acting on Bone, Cartilage, Ligaments, and Tendons / D.D. Anderson ; D.J. Adams ; J.E. HaleChapter 16： |
| Characterizing Mechanical Properties |
| Hierarchy: A Composite Structural Theme in Musculoskeletal Tissues |
| Biological Response to Forces Acting in the Locomotor System / K.J. FischerChapter 17： |
| Bone Adaptation |
| Articular Cartilage Adaptation |
| Tendon Adaptation |
| Ligament Adaptation |
| Prevention of Excessive Forces With Braces and Orthotics / A. Gollhofer ; W. Alt ; H. LohrerChapter 18： |
| The Ankle Joint |
| The Knee Joint |
| Further Bracing Applications |
| Summary and Potential Application |
| Load During Physical Activity Summary |
| Load During Physical Activity Definitions |
| Fatigue and Exercise: Fatigue and Exercise Historical Highlights / Part IV： |
| Contractile Changes and Mechanisms of Muscle Fatigue / D.G. AllenChapter 19： |
| Ways of Studying Fatigue |
| Contractile Consequences Associated With Fatigue |
| Cellular Mechanisms of Muscle Fatigue |
| Stretch-Shortening Cycle Fatigue / P.V. Komi ; C. NicolChapter 20： |
| Muscle Fatigue During Isolated Eccentric Actions |
| Eccentrically Induced Muscle Damage and Soreness |
| Specific Functional Effects of Fatiguing SSC Exercises |
| Concluding Hypothesis |
| Muscle Fatigue Monitored by Force, Surface Mechanomyogram, and EMG / C. OrizioChapter 21： |
| Fatigue: Local Muscle Fiber Changes and Muscle Motor Control Alterations |
| Changes in Muscle Mechanical and Electrical Signals |
| Applications |
| Fatigue and Exercise Summary |
| Fatigue and Exercise Definitions |
| Name Index |
| Subject Index |
| About the Editors |
| Contributors |
| Introduction / B.M. Nigg ; B.R. MacIntosh ; J. Mester |
| Work and Energy: Work and Energy Historical Highlights / Part I： |
| Mechanical Considerations of Work and Energy / D. Stefanyshyn ; J. DenothChapter 1： |
| The Concept of Mechanical Work and Energy |
| Mechanical Work |
