| Preface |
| Overview / Part I： |
| Introduction to Cost-Benefit Analysis / Chapter 1： |
| Individual versus Social Costs and Benefits |
| The Purpose and Uses of CBA |
| The Demand for CBA |
| The Cost of CBA |
| Readers of This Book |
| The Basic Steps of CBA: Coquihalla Highway Example |
| Bureaucratic and Political "Lenses" |
| Conclusion |
| Conceptual Foundations of Cost-Benefit Analysis / Chapter 2： |
| CBA as a Framework for Measuring Efficiency |
| Using CBA for Decision Making |
| Fundamental Issues Related to Willingness-to-Pay |
| Concerns about the Role of CBA in the Political Process |
| Limitations of CBA: Other Analytical Approaches |
| Fundamentals of CBA / Part II： |
| Basic Microeconomic Foundations of Cost-Benefit Analysis / Chapter 3： |
| Demand Schedules |
| Supply Schedules |
| Social Surplus and Allocative Efficiency |
| Consumer Surplus and Willingness-to-Pay / Appendix 3A： |
| Valuing Benefits and Costs in Primary Markets / Chapter 4： |
| Actually Used versus Conceptually Correct Measures of Benefits and Costs |
| Valuing Outcomes: Willingness-to-Pay |
| Valuing Inputs: Opportunity Costs |
| Project Effects on Government Revenues |
| Valuing Benefits and Costs in Secondary Markets / Chapter 5： |
| Valuing Benefits and Costs in Efficient Secondary Markets |
| Valuing Benefits and Costs in Distorted Secondary Markets |
| Secondary Market Effects from the Perspective of Local Communities |
| Discounting Future Benefits and Costs / Chapter 6： |
| Basics of Discounting |
| Compounding and Discounting over Multiple Years |
| Timing of Benefits and Costs |
| Long-Lived Projects and Terminal Values |
| Comparing Projects with Different Time Frames |
| Real versus Nominal Dollars |
| Relative Price Changes |
| Sensitivity Analysis in Discounting |
| Shortcut Methods for Calculating the Present Value of Annuities and Perpetuities / Appendix 6A： |
| Discounting with Multiple Compounding in Each Period / Appendix 6B： |
| Dealing with Uncertainty: Expected Value, Sensitivity Analysis, and the Value of Information / Chapter 7： |
| Expected Value Analysis |
| Sensitivity Analysis |
| Information and Quasi-Option Value |
| Doing Monte Carlo Sensitivity Analysis with a Simple Spreadsheet / Appendix 7A： |
| Option Price and Option Value / Chapter 8： |
| Ex Ante Willingness-to-Pay: Option Price |
| Determining the Bias in Expected Surplus: Signing Option Value |
| Rationales for Expected Surplus as a Practical Benefit Measure |
| Signing Option Value / Appendix 8A： |
| Existence Value / Chapter 9： |
| Active and Passive Use Value |
| The Measurement of Existence Value |
| Expenditure Functions and the Partitioning of Benefits / Appendix 9A： |
| The Social Discount Rate / Chapter 10： |
| Does the Choice of Discount Rate Matter? |
| The Theory behind the Appropriate Social Discount Rate Method in Perfect Markets |
| Alternative Social Discount Rate Methods in the Absence of Perfect Markets |
| The Social Discount Rate in Actual Practice |
| Adjusting the Social Discount Rate for Systematic Risk / Appendix 10A： |
| Social Discounting Based on the Real Growth Rate / Appendix 10B： |
| Computing Changes in Investment and Consumption When the Project Is Financed by Funds Raised through Issuing Bonds / Appendix 10C： |
| Valuation of Impacts / Part III： |
| Valuing Impacts from Observed Behavior: Demonstrations / Chapter 11： |
| Why Conduct Demonstration Projects? |
| Alternative Evaluation Designs |
| CBAs of Demonstration Projects |
| CBAs of Employment and Training Demonstrations: An Introduction |
| The CBA Framework in the Education and Training Context |
| Conceptual Issues in Conducting CBAs of Education and Training Demonstrations |
| Choosing Prediction Parameters |
| A Case Study: CBAs of Welfare-to-Work Demonstrations |
| Sensitivity of the Work/Welfare Findings to Alternative Assumptions |
| Valuing Impacts from Observed Behavior: Direct Estimation of Demand Curves / Chapter 12： |
| Project Revenues as the Measure of (Gross) Benefits |
| Direct Estimation of the Demand Curve |
| Estimating the Marginal Excess Tax Burden (METB) |
| An Introduction to Multiple Regression Analysis / Appendix 12A： |
| Valuing Impacts from Observed Behavior: Other Revealed Preference Methods / Chapter 13： |
| Market Analogy Method |
| Intermediate Good Method |
| Asset Valuation Method |
| Hedonic Price Method |
| Travel Cost Method |
| Defensive Expenditures Method |
| Valuing Impacts through Surveys: Contingent Valuation / Chapter 14： |
| The Role of Contingent Valuation |
| Overview of Contingent Valuation Methods |
| Payment Vehicle |
| General Survey Issues |
| Criticisms of Contingent Valuation |
| Contingent Valuation Problems |
| How Accurate Is Contingent Valuation? |
| Heuristics for the Design and Use of CV Surveys |
| Shadow Prices from Secondary Sources / Chapter 15： |
| The Value of Life |
| The Cost of Injuries |
| The Cost of Crime |
| The Value of Time |
| The Value of Recreational Benefits |
| Existence Value of Species |
| Benefits of Water Quality Improvements |
| The Cost of Noise |
| The Cost of Air Pollution |
| The Cost of Taxation: Marginal Excess Tax Burden |
| Transferring and Adjusting Plug-In Values |
| Shadow Prices: Applications to Developing Countries / Chapter 16： |
| The LMST Methodology |
| Illustrations of the LMST Method in Practice |
| Shadow Pricing When Goods Are in Fixed Supply |
| The Shadow Price of Labor |
| Additional Topics |
| Is the LMST Method Actually Used for Project Evaluation? |
| Related Methods and Accuracy / Part IV： |
| Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Cost-Utility Analysis / Chapter 17： |
| Cost-Effectiveness Analysis |
| Cost-Utility Analysis |
| Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Pharmacoeconomics |
| The Use of League Tables |
| Conclusion: When Is CEA Close to CBA? |
| Distributionally Weighted Cost-Benefit Analysis / Chapter 18： |
| Distributional Justifications for Income Transfer Programs |
| The Case for Treating Low- and High-Income Groups Differently in CBA |
| Distributional Weights |
| Determining Distributional Weights |
| Politically Determined Weights |
| A Pragmatic Approach to Weighting |
| How Accurate Is CBA? / Chapter 19： |
| Sources of Errors in CBA Studies |
| The Distribution of Net Benefits over Time |
| Summary of the CBAs of the Coquihalla Highway |
| Analysis of the Differences among the CBAs |
| Conclusions Arising from the Comparisons |
| A Selected Cost-Benefit Analysis Bibliography |
| Name Index |
| Subject Index |
| Preface |
| Overview / Part I： |
| Introduction to Cost-Benefit Analysis / Chapter 1： |
| Individual versus Social Costs and Benefits |
| The Purpose and Uses of CBA |
| The Demand for CBA |
