| Preface |
| Overview of Gossamer Structures / Chapter 1.： |
| Background / I.： |
| Applications / II.： |
| Solar Arrays / A.： |
| Communication System / B.： |
| Human Habitats / C.： |
| Planetary Surface Exploration / D.： |
| Radar and Reflect Arrays / E.： |
| Solar Concentrators / F.： |
| Solar Shades / G.： |
| Membranes for Gossamer Structures / III.： |
| Rigidization Technology / IV.： |
| Analysis and Modeling of Gossamer Structures / V.： |
| Adaptive, Smart, and Multifunctional Gossamer Systems / VI.： |
| Adaptive Compensation of Membrane Reflectors |
| Multifunctional Membranes |
| Smart Structures |
| Deployment and Inflation Methods / VII.： |
| Acknowledgments |
| History of Relevant Inflatable High-Precision Space Structures Technology Developments / Chapter 2.： |
| Introduction |
| Goodyear's Inflatable Structures |
| Inflatable Search Radar Antenna |
| Radar Calibration Sphere |
| Lenticular Inflatable Parabolic Reflector |
| Echo Balloons |
| Contraves Inflatable Structures |
| Reflector Antenna Concepts for Very Large Baseline Interferometry and Land Mobile Communications |
| Telescope Sunshade Support Structure |
| L' Garde Inc.'s Inflatable Space Structures |
| L' Garde Inc's Simulated Decoys |
| Large Offset Reflector Structure |
| Inflatable Antenna Experiment |
| ILC Dover's Inflatable Space Structures |
| Large Solar-Array Structure |
| Other Organizations with Inflatable Space Structures Technology Capability |
| References |
| Mechanics of Membrane Structures / Chapter 3.： |
| Nomenclature |
| Definition and Unique Behavior of Membranes |
| Tensor Analysis |
| Coordinate Systems and Configurations |
| Kinematics of Deformation |
| Motion and Deformation |
| Deformation Gradient, Stretch, and Polar Decomposition |
| Strain Definitions |
| Deformation and Strain Rate |
| Stress and Balance Laws |
| Concept of Stress |
| Stress Definitions |
| Mass Balance |
| Momentum Balance |
| Energy Balance |
| Conjugate Stress and Strain |
| Constitutive Equations |
| Thermomechanics |
| Thermomechanic Field Theory |
| Constitutive Relations for Elastic Solids and Sheets |
| Constitutive Laws for Viscoelastic Materials |
| Bodner-Partom-Rubin Model |
| Fabrics |
| Approximations |
| Approximations in the Era of Computational Mechanics |
| Nonlinear Nature of Membrane Problems |
| Approximations in the Context of the Governing Equations |
| Example |
| On Accuracy and Modeling |
| Analysis of Wrinkled Membranes |
| Tension-Field Modeling via a Penalty Parameter Modified Constitutive Law |
| Experimental Analysis |
| Unique Challenges for Experimental Analysis of Membrane Structures |
| Static Deformation Measurement |
| Dynamic Displacement Measurement |
| Thermal Measurements |
| Fundamentals of Membrane Optics / Chapter 4.： |
| Glossary |
| Overview |
| Mechanical Theory and Modeling of Membrane Optics |
| Classical Elasticity |
| Recent Extensions |
| Achieving Optical Figure and Enhancing Optical Performance |
| Figure Achievement and Maintenance |
| Adaptive Optics Correction Techniques |
| Experimental Observations and Results |
| Metrology |
| Experimental Results |
| Summary |
| Modeling the Deployment of Inflatable Space Structures / Chapter 5.： |
| Review of Relevant Literature on Flexible Structure Deployment Modeling |
| Deployment Modeling and Testing of Conventional Aerospace Structures |
| Tethers: Extremely Large, Flexible Space Structures |
| Deployment of Balloons, Parachutes, Airbags, and Other Inflating Structures |
| Inflation Gas-Structure Interaction |
| Review of Relevant Literature on Inflated Structure Deployment |
| Design for Controllable Deployment |
| Ground and Flight Testing of Space Inflatables |
| Deployment Modeling of Inflated Structures |
| Scale Modeling |
| Finite Element Modeling: Gas Flow in Flexible Structures |
| Modeling the Deployment of Rolled Tubes |
| Nonlinear Hinge Models |
| Materials for Inflatables in Space / Chapter 6.： |
| Commercial Films |
| Emerging Materials |
| Rigidization Mechanisms and Materials / Chapter 7.： |
| Thermally Cured Thermoset Composites |
| UV-Cured Thermoset Composites |
| Inflation Gas Reaction Thermoset Composites |
| Second-Order Transition Change and Shape Memory Polymer Thermoplastic Composites |
| Plasticizer or Solvent Boil-Off Thermoplastic Composites |
| Foam Rigidization |
| Aluminum Laminates / VIII.： |
| Atomic Oxygen Effects on Space Inflatable Materials / IX.： |
| Space Environment and Atomic Oxygen |
| Erosion of Polymers by Atomic Oxygen |
| AO-Resistant Polymers |
| AO Test Facilities |
| Conclusions |
| Solar Ultraviolet and Space Radiation Effects on Inflatable Materials / Chapter 9.： |
| Space Environment Considerations for Materials Effects |
| Predictions of Radiation Levels in Thin-Sheet Membranes |
| Thin-Sheet Material Results |
| Simulation of Space Environment Effects |
| Electromagnetic Properties of Thin Metallized Materials / Chapter 10.： |
| Electromagnetic Properties of Thin Metallic Layers |
| Basic Properties of Thin Metallic Layers in Terms of Bulk Properties |
| Reflective Properties of Thin Metallic Layers in Terms of Basic Properties |
| EM Properties of Materials for Remote Sensing Applications |
| Overview of Remote Sensing Concepts |
| Emissivity Requirements for Radiometers |
| Multidisciplinary Testing of Thin-Film Inflatable Structures / Chapter 11.： |
| Program Requirements for Inflatable Structures at Marshall Space Flight Center |
| Unique Test Hardware and Methodologies for Inflatable Spacecraft Structural Testing |
| Application of Laser Vibrometers |
| Excitation Techniques |
| Linearity Assessment using Sinusoidal Sweeps |
| Boundary Conditions for Modal Tests |
| Data Acquisition and Modal Parameter Identification |
| Inflatable Strut Modal and Static Tests |
| Modal Tests |
| Static Tests |
| Inflatable Concentrator Modal Tests |
| Preliminary Modal Tests |
| Thermal-Vacuum Modal Test |
| Off-Axis Inflatable Concentrator Modal Test |
| Inflatable Concentrator Thermal Tests |
| Test Configuration and Approach |
| Results |
| Summary of Thermal Tests |
| Observations of Inflatable Structure Behavior from Testing and Modeling |
| Structural Behavior of Inflated Cylinders or Struts |
| Observations of Structural Behavior of Inflatable Solar Concentrator Assemblies |
| Rigidization Materials Testing / Chapter 12.： |
| Ground Environment |
| Launch and Predeployment Environment |
| Deployment Environment Including Rigidization |
| Deployed Condition Environment |
| Bibliography |
| Electromagnetic Testing of Thin Metallized Materials / Chapter 13.： |
| Vector-Network-Analyzer Measurements of Thin-Film Materials |
| Waveguide Measurement Technique |
| Free-Space Transmission Measurement Technique |
| Metallized Thin-Film Study |
| Radiometric Measurement Approach |
| Measurement Setup |
| Measurement Results |
| Inflation Systems / Chapter 14.： |
| Historical Perspective |
| Near-Term Inflation Systems |
| Tanked-Gas Systems |
| Phase-Change Systems |
| Chemical Gas-Generation Systems |
| Midterm and Far-Term Inflation Systems |
| Midterm Applications |
| Midterm Inflation Systems |
| Far-Term Applications |
| Far-Term Inflation Systems |
| Summary: Operational Issues and General Design Considerations |
| Deployment Control Mechanisms and Packaging Methodologies for Inflatable and Membrane Space Structures / Chapter 15.： |
| System Requirements for Controlled Deployment Mechanisms |
| Deployment Control Devices |
| Compartmentalization |
| Columnation Device |
| Roll-Up Devices |
| Velcro Roll-Up Devices |
| Constant Force Spring Roll-Up Devices |
| Rolling Brake Mechanism |
| Packaging Methodology |
| Mission Concepts and Systems: Space Inflatable Radiometer System Concept / Chapter 16.： |
| Need for a Space Experiment |
| Inflatable Structures |
| Radiometer Mission Concept |
| Radiometer Mission Flight Experiment |
| Radiometer Mission Concept Experiment Subsystems |
| Supporting Technology Discipline Areas |
| Structural Analysis |
| Material Technology |
| Data Analysis, Experiment Performance: Science |
| Radar Applications / Chapter 17.： |
| Roll-Up Inflatable SAR Antenna |
| L-Band SAR Antenna / A： |
| Roll-Up Inflatable SAR Concept |
| Proof-of-Concept Models |
| Radar Testing and Results |
| X-Band 1-m Reflect Array |
| Antenna Description |
| Antenna Test Results |
| Ka-Band 3-m Reflect Array |
| Comparison with Other Types of Deployable Antennas |
| Membrane Flatness and Separation |
| Membrane Mountable T/R Modules |
| Inflatable Solar Arrays / Chapter 18.： |
| Space Solar Array Design Requirements |
| Thin-Film Solar-Cell Products |
| Energy Density of Crystalline and Thin-Film Solar Arrays |
| Thermal Design Considerations for Thin-Film Solar Arrays |
| Thin-Film Solar-Cell Interconnects |
| ST4/Gossamer Inflatable Solar Array |
| Structural Support Components |
| Controlled Deployment System |
| Inflation System |
| SSP Concept |
| Teledesic Inflatable Solar Array |
| ITSAT |
| Mars Rover Inflatable Solar Array |
| Power Sphere |
| Acknowledgment |
| Gossamer Sailcraft Technology / Chapter 19.： |
| Primary Aim of This Chapter |
| Concepts and Principles of Solar Sailing |
| Historical Sketch of Solar-Sailing Ideas |
| Review of Mission Design Concepts |
| Inner Solar System Missions |
| Outer Solar System Missions |
| Interstellar Sailcrafts |
| Non-Keplerian Orbits |
| Elements of a Sailcraft Structure |
| Sail Film |
| Support Structure |
| Packaging and Deployment |
| Key Material Issues |
| Environmental Effects on the Sail Material |
| Film Coatings |
| Handling and Processing |
| Solar-Sail Design Considerations |
| Design Parameters |
| Three-Axis Stabilized Square Sail |
| Spin-Stabilized Heliogyro |
| Spin-Stabilized Disc Sail |
| Ground and Space Experiments |
| Component Characterization |
| Space Experiments |
| Solar-Shade Applications / Chapter 20.： |
| Solar-Shade Features |
| Use of Inflatable Structures in Solar Shades |
| Mission Design Considerations |
| Orbits |
| Thermal Performance Requirements |
| Sky Coverage and Pitch-Angle Range Requirements |
| Thermal Performance Considerations |
| Number of Layers |
| Angled Layers |
| Cold-Side Surface Emittance |
| Micrometeoroid Damage Effects |
| Sensitivity to Inner-Surface Emittance |
| Redundant Sun-Side Layer |
| Specular vs Diffuse Surfaces |
| Mechanical Design Considerations |
| Stowage and Deployment |
| Film Tensioning |
| Film Flatness |
| Thermal Gradients and Loss of Tensile Preload |
| Solar Torque |
| Materials Selection |
| Ripstop |
| Inflatable Habitats / Chapter 21.： |
| TransHab Architecture |
| TransHab Structure |
| TransHab Structure Overview |
| Environments |
| Multilayer Shell |
| Testing |
| Hypervelocity Impact Testing (M/OD Protection) |
| Hydrostatic Pressure Testing |
| Folding and Vacuum Deployment |
| Advanced Concepts / Chapter 22.： |
| Gossamer Spacecraft |
| Solar Sails |
| Sail Applications |
| Sail Performance |
| Sail Types |
| Large Observatories |
| Selected Properties of Various Membrane Materials / Appendix： |
