Preface |
Theory Boxes |
List of Symbols |
Why Interfacial Enzymes? / 1: |
Structural Diversity of Nonpolar and Amphiphilic Solutes / 1.1: |
To Be or Not to Be in Water / 1.2: |
The Hydrophobic Effect / 1.3: |
Knotty Issues of Interfacial Enzymology / 1.4: |
Pathophysiology of Lipolytic Enzymes / 1.5: |
Secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) Prototype for Interfacial Enzymology / 1.6: |
Summary and Outlook: Towards the Paradigm for Interfacial Enzymology / 1.7: |
Further Reading |
Interface Phenomena: Accessibility and Exchange / 2: |
Aggregates and Dispersions / 2.1: |
Organized Micellar Aggregates in Aqueous Dispersions / 2.2: |
Amphiphile Organization and the Monomer-Micelle Equilibrium and Exchange / 2.3: |
The Concentration Issues in the Monomer-Aggregate Equilibria / 2.4: |
Exchange of Amphiphiles between Organized Interfaces / 2.5: |
Dispersed Phases / 2.6: |
Choice of Interface for Study of an Interfacial Enzyme / 2.7: |
Summary: Interface Determines the Accessibility and Replenishment Rate / 2.8: |
To Be or Not To Be: Dilemma for the Substrate in Solution / 3: |
Constrained Reaction Path for the Turnover in the Aqueous Phase / 3.1: |
Analysis of the Steady State Turnover Cycle in the Aqueous Phase / 3.2: |
Ascertaining the Reaction Path in the Aqueous Phase / 3.3: |
PAF-Acetylhydrolase Hydrolyzes the Monodisperse Substrate / 3.4: |
Equilibrium Partitioning and Binding to Aggregates / 3.5: |
Summary: The Equilibrium Dilemma / 3.6: |
Interfacial Processivity: Ensemble Behavior in the Scooting Mode / 4: |
Conceptualizing Interfacial Processivity / 4.1: |
The Fourfold Meaning of the Substrate Concentration / 4.2: |
Constraints for Defining the Variables for the Reaction Progress in the Scooting Mode / 4.3: |
Integrity of Vesicles during the Scooting Mode Reaction Progress / 4.4: |
Tests for the Scooting Mode Reaction Progress by PLA2 / 4.5: |
Ensemble Behavior of the Binding of the Enzyme to Vesicles / 4.6: |
Summary: Ensemble Behavior in a Microscopically Heterogeneous Environment / 4.7: |
Analysis of the Processive Reaction Progress / 5: |
Michaelis-Menten Equation for the Turnover in the Interface / 5.1: |
Catalytic Parameters from the Integrated Processive Reaction Progress / 5.2: |
Additional Constraints for the Analysis of the Interfacial Turnover Events for PLA2 / 5.3: |
Uses of the Primary Catalytic Parameters / 5.4: |
Catalytic Mechanism of PLA2 / 5.5: |
The Quality-of-Interface Effects / 5.6: |
Apparent Interfacial Activation / 5.7: |
Hopping and the Fast Enzyme Exchange Limit / 5.8: |
Summary: Variations in the Processivity / 5.9: |
Detailed Balance Conditions for Interfacial Equilibria / 6: |
Binding of Ions to the Interface / 6.1: |
Equilibria for the Binding of the Enzyme to the Interface / 6.2: |
Effective Equilibrium Constants / 6.3: |
The Cofactor Binding Obligatory for the Substrate Binding / 6.4: |
Detailed Balance Conditions and Local Concentrations for Effective Ligand Binding / 6.5: |
Resolution of the Interfacial Constants for PLA2 / 6.6: |
Detailed Balance Conditions for PLA2 / 6.7: |
Summary: Primary Equilibrium Parameters for the Kinetic Path / 6.8: |
Rapid Substrate Replenishment in the Quasi-Scooting Mode / 7: |
Interfacial Catalytic Cycle Turnover in the Quasi-Scooting Mode / 7.1: |
Sparingly Soluble Substrates / 7.2: |
Reaction Rate with the Partitioned Substrate / 7.3: |
Interfacial Turnover by Triglyceride Lipase / 7.4: |
Lid on tl-Lipase Active Site / 7.5: |
Interfacial Allostery for the Quality-of-Interface Effects / 7.6: |
Motifs for Close Contact of Proteins with the Interface / 7.7: |
Summary: Multiple States of the Enzyme at the Interface / 7.8: |
Interfacial Allostery / 8: |
Interfacial Catalytic Turnover in the Quasi-Scooting Mode / 8.1: |
The Apparent Rate Parameters for the Pig Pancreatic PLA2 / 8.2: |
K*[subscript S] Allosteric Effects of the Interface / 8.3: |
Analysis of the Interfacial Anionic Charge Preference: k*[subscript catS] Activation / 8.4: |
The Structural Basis for the Anionic Interface Preference / 8.5: |
Modeling the i-face of PLA2 / 8.6: |
Site-Directed Mutagenesis to Discern Interactions Along the i-face / 8.7: |
Summary: Residues Involved in Charge Compensation / 8.8: |
Inhibition: Specific or Nonspecific / 9: |
Specific Inhibitors / 9.1: |
Kinetic Effects of Nonspecific Inhibitors / 9.2: |
Kinetic Effects of the Interface-Based Competitive Inhibitors / 9.3: |
Influence of Cofactor on the Scooting Kinetics / 9.4: |
Effects of the Interface-Based Inhibitor on the Integrated Rate Equation in the Scooting Mode / 9.5: |
Partitioning of the Inhibitor and Substrate between the Interface and the Aqueous Phase / 9.6: |
Summary: Multiple Pathways for Reduction of the Observed Rate / 9.7: |
The Delay to the Steady State in the Reaction Progress / 10: |
Effects of the Accumulated Products in Zwitterionic Bilayers / 10.1: |
Model for the Delay Due to the Product Accumulation during the Reaction Progress on Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles / 10.2: |
Effect of the Accumulated Products on the Delay in the Monolayer Reaction Progress / 10.3: |
Summary: Activation by the Anionic Charge Induced by the Product Accumulation / 10.4: |
Nonidealities of the Dispersed Phases / 11: |
The Exchange Limit / 11.1: |
Exchange-Limited Kinetics of PLA2 in Detergent-Dispersed Mixed Micelles of Long Chain Phospholipids / 11.2: |
Effect of Bile Salts on the Pancreatic PLA2 Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Phosphatidylcholines / 11.3: |
Kinetic Concerns for Interfaces of the Dispersed Phase / 11.4: |
The Nonideality Factor / 11.5: |
Summary: Nonidealities for Replenishment and Binding / 11.6: |
Effects of Reduction of Dimensionality / 12: |
Dissection of the Entropy Loss on Interface Binding / 12.1: |
Synergistic Effects of the Interface on Enzyme-Substrate Binding, Local Concentration and Scaffolding / 12.2: |
Diffusion Times in 1D, 2D and 3D / 12.3: |
Rate Enhancement by Facilitated Diffusion in 2D / 12.4: |
Summary: Dimensionality Effects on the Equilibrium and Diffusion / 12.5: |
References |
Index |
Preface |
Theory Boxes |
List of Symbols |
Why Interfacial Enzymes? / 1: |
Structural Diversity of Nonpolar and Amphiphilic Solutes / 1.1: |
To Be or Not to Be in Water / 1.2: |