Introduction and General Considerations / Part 1.: |
Preparatory Information / 1.: |
Overview of a Chemical Analysis / 1.1.: |
Types of Operations Used in Sample Preparation / 1.2.: |
Some Theoretical Aspects of Phase Transfers / 1.3.: |
Introductory Approach to Theory of Distribution Equilibria / 1.4.: |
Some Aspects of Mass Transfer Processes / 1.5.: |
Characterization of Chromatographic Separations / 1.6.: |
General Characteristics of Separations / 1.7.: |
Elementary Discussion on Thermodynamic and Kinetic Factors in Chemical Reactions / 1.8.: |
Brief Survey on Molecular Interactions / 1.9.: |
Empirical and Estimated Parameters for Sample Preparation Problems / 1.10.: |
Introductory Discussion on Precision, Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Limit of Detection in Chemical Analysis / 1.11.: |
Validation of an Analytical Method / 1.12.: |
References 1 |
Sampling and Its Connection with Sample Preparation / 2.: |
Relation of Sampling to Sample Preparation / 2.1.: |
Representative Samples / 2.2.: |
Techniques for Sample Collection / 2.3.: |
Handling, Preservation, and Storage of Samples / 2.4.: |
References 2 |
Overview on Sample Preparation for Chromatography / 3.: |
The Role of Sample Preparation / 3.1.: |
The Use of Preliminary Information for the Choice of a Sample Preparation Procedure / 3.2.: |
Sample Homogenization and Dissolution / 3.3.: |
Sample Cleanup, Fractionation, and Concentration / 3.4.: |
Chemical Modifications of the Sample / 3.5.: |
Other Types of Sample Modifications / 3.6.: |
Differences in Sample Preparation for Different Chromatographic Techniques / 3.7.: |
Quantitation Techniques in Chromatography and Their Relation to Sample Preparation / 3.8.: |
Method Development in Sample Preparation / 3.9.: |
References 3 |
Chromatography as the Core Step in an Analytical Process / 4.: |
The Choice of the Core Analytical Technique / 4.1.: |
Gas Chromatography as a Core Step in the Analytical Process / 4.2.: |
Conventional High Performance Liquid Chromatography as a Core Analytical Technique / 4.3.: |
Other Chromatography Types Used as a Core Analytical Technique / 4.4.: |
References 4 |
Data Processing in Chromatographic Methods / 5.: |
Information Gain from Chromatographic Data / 5.1.: |
Qualitative and Quantitative Data from the Chromatographic Process / 5.2.: |
References 5 |
Automation in Sample Preparation / 6.: |
Automation in the Instrumentation Used in Sample Preparation / 6.1.: |
Computer Assisted Method Development / 6.2.: |
References 6 |
Sample Preparation Techniques Using Physical Processes / Part 2.: |
Mechanical Processing in Sample Preparation / 7.: |
Grinding, Sieving, and Blending / 7.1.: |
Filtration, Microfiltration, and Ultrafiltration / 7.2.: |
Centrifugation / 7.3.: |
References 7 |
Phase Transfer Separations Applied in Sample Preparations / 8.: |
Distillation, Vaporization, and Drying / 8.1.: |
Dissolution, Crystallization, and Precipitation / 8.2.: |
References 8 |
Headspace Sampling Techniques in Gas Chromatography / 9.: |
Static Headspace Techniques / 9.1.: |
Dynamic Headspace / 9.2.: |
Other Headspace Techniques / 9.3.: |
References 9 |
Solvent Extraction / 10.: |
Liquid-Liquid Extraction / 10.1.: |
Conventional Liquid-Solid Extraction / 10.2.: |
Accelerated Solvent Extraction / 10.3.: |
Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction / 10.4.: |
Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction / 10.5.: |
Supercritical Solvent Extraction / 10.6.: |
References 10 |
Sorbent Extraction / 11.: |
Solid Phase Extraction Procedures / 11.1.: |
Solid Phase Microextraction / 11.2.: |
Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion / 11.3.: |
Other Solid Phase Sample Preparation Techniques / 11.4.: |
References 11 |
Chromatographic Procedures as Preliminary Separation / 12.: |
Gas Chromatography as a Sample Preparation Technique and Bidimensional GC / 12.1.: |
Liquid Chromatography as a Sample Preparation Technique / 12.2.: |
Size Exclusion Used in Sample Preparation / 12.3.: |
References 12 |
Membrane Separations / 13.: |
Gas Diffusion through Membranes and Stripping / 13.1.: |
Reverse Osmosis and Dialysis / 13.2.: |
References 13 |
Electroseparation Techniques in Sample Preparation / 14.: |
Electrophoretic Techniques / 14.1.: |
Other Electroseparation Techniques / 14.2.: |
References 14 |
Other Separation Techniques in Sample Preparation / 15.: |
Ion Exchange in Sample Preparation / 15.1.: |
Other Techniques in Sample Preparation / 15.2.: |
References 15 |
Sample Preparation Techniques Involving Chemical Modifications / Part 3.: |
Chemical Modifications for Dissolution and Fractionation / 16.: |
Chemical Modifications for Sample Dissolution / 16.1.: |
Changes in pH and Chemical Modifications for Fractionation Purposes / 16.2.: |
References 16 |
Purpose of Derivatization in Chromatographic Analysis / 17.: |
General Aspects Regarding Derivatization / 17.1.: |
Preparation of the Sample for Derivatization and Common Derivatization Labware / 17.2.: |
Derivatization for Improving Gas Chromatographic Process / 17.3.: |
Derivatization for Improving Detection in GC / 17.4.: |
Derivatization for Improving Mass Spectral Identification / 17.5.: |
Derivatization for Improving Detection in HPLC and TLC / 17.6.: |
Derivatization for Chiral Separations / 17.7.: |
References 17 |
Chemical Reactions Used in Derivatization / 18.: |
Reactions with Formation of Alkyl or Aryl Derivatives / 18.1.: |
Silylation Reactions / 18.2.: |
Acylation Reactions / 18.3.: |
Reactions of Addition to Carbon-Heteroatom Multiple Bonds Used for Derivatization / 18.4.: |
Derivatization Reactions with Formation of Cyclic Compounds / 18.5.: |
Other Derivatization Reactions / 18.6.: |
Derivatization Reactions Involving Solid Phase Reagents / 18.7.: |
Derivatization on a Solid Support / 18.8.: |
References 18 |
Derivatization Reactions for Analytes with Various Functional Groups / 19.: |
Derivatization of Compounds with Alcohols, Epoxide, or Ether Groups / 19.1.: |
Derivatization Reactions for Phenols / 19.2.: |
Derivatization Reactions for Thiols and Sulfides / 19.3.: |
Derivatization of Compounds with Amino and Other Nitrogen-Containing Groups / 19.4.: |
Derivatization of Aldehydes and Ketones / 19.5.: |
Derivatization of Carboxylic Acids / 19.6.: |
Derivatization of Amides, Esters, and Other Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids, and of Carbonic Acid / 19.7.: |
Derivatization of Other Types of Organic Groups and of Organometallic and Inorganic Compounds / 19.8.: |
Derivatization of Carbohydrates / 19.9.: |
Derivatization of Amino Acids and Related Compounds / 19.10.: |
Derivatization of Other Multifunctional Compounds / 19.11.: |
References 19 |
Chemical Degradation of Polymers and Pyrolysis / 20.: |
Chemical Degradation of Polymeric Carbohydrates / 20.1.: |
Chemical Degradation of Proteins for Analytical Purposes / 20.2.: |
Chemical Degradation of other Macromolecular Compounds / 20.3.: |
Overview of Analytical Pyrolysis / 20.4.: |
Pyrolysis as a Chemical Modification Technique / 20.5.: |
Instrumentation Used in Analytical Pyrolysis / 20.6.: |
Application of Analytical Pyrolysis / 20.7.: |
References 20 |
Symbols, Units, and Constants |
Index |
Introduction and General Considerations / Part 1.: |
Preparatory Information / 1.: |
Overview of a Chemical Analysis / 1.1.: |
Types of Operations Used in Sample Preparation / 1.2.: |
Some Theoretical Aspects of Phase Transfers / 1.3.: |
Introductory Approach to Theory of Distribution Equilibria / 1.4.: |