Germ Layer Formation and Early Patterning / I.: |
Formation and Patterning Roles of the Yolk Syncytial Layer / Takuya Sakaguchi ; Toshiro Mizuno ; Hiroyuki Takeda |
Introduction / 1: |
Formation of the YSL / 2: |
Epibolic Movement and the YSL / 3: |
Dorsal Determinants in Teleost Yolk Cell / 4: |
Determinants Function in the YSL and Dorsal Blastomeres / 5: |
The Role of the YSL in Mesoderm and Endoderm Formation / 6: |
Localized Inducing Activities Within the YSL / 7: |
Is Visceral Endoderm in Mammal Equivalent to Teleost YSL? / 8: |
Searching for Genes Specifically Expressed in the YSL / 9: |
Mesoderm Induction and Patterning / David Kimelman ; Alexander F. Schier |
The Origin of Mesoderm |
Induction of Mesoderm by Intercellular Signals |
Nodal Signaling |
Dorsal-Ventral Patterning of the Mesoderm |
Anterior-Posterior Patterning of the Mesoderm |
Wnt Signals in Mesoderm Patterning |
Future Directions |
The Guts of Endoderm Formation / Rachel M. Warga ; Didier Y. R. Stainier |
Endoderm Formation During the Blastula Period |
Location of Endodermal Progenitors / 1.1: |
Early Topographic Map of Endodermal Organs / 1.2: |
Organs of Ambiguity: the Hypochord and Forerunner Cells / 1.3: |
Cell Behavior of Endodermal Progenitors / 1.4: |
Genes Involved in Endoderm Formation / 1.5: |
The Nodal Factors and Cofactors: Cyclops, Squint, and One-Eyed Pinhead / 1.6: |
Nodal Versus Bmp Activity / 1.7: |
Nodal-Independent, Oep-Dependent Cell Motility / 1.8: |
Oep as a Component of EGF Signaling / 1.8.1: |
Effectors of Nodal Signaling: Casanova, Bonnie and Clyde, and Faust / 1.9: |
The Endodermal Phenotypes of cas, bon and fau Mutants and the Expression of These Genes in the Blastula / 1.9.1: |
Cas Is Sufficient To Convert Mesoderm into Endoderm / 1.9.2: |
A Molecular Pathway Leading to Endoderm Formation / 1.10: |
Endoderm Formation During the Gastrula Period |
Formation of the Endodermal Layer / 2.1: |
Spatial Allocation of Endodermal Precursors / 2.2: |
Genes Involved in Endoderm Formation: cas, bon, and fau Revisited / 2.3: |
Cas May Regulate sox17 Directly / 2.3.1: |
The Fox/Forkhead Transcription Factors / 2.3.2: |
Other Genes Expressed in the Endoderm / 2.3.3: |
Regional Expression in the Endoderm at the End of Gastrulation / 2.4: |
Further Thoughts on Endodermal Patterning / 2.5: |
Pharyngeal Pouch Endoderm Versus Digestive Tract Endoderm |
Conclusions and Prospects |
Organizer Formation and Function / Masahiko Hibi ; Toshio Hirano ; Igor B. Dawid |
Dorsal Determinants and the Maternal Wnt Signal |
Dorsal Determinants |
A Maternally Derived Signal Activating the Wnt Pathway |
The Nieuwkoop Center and Organizer Induction |
Non-cell-autonomous Induction of the Organizer / 3.1: |
bozozok/dharma / 3.2: |
Nodal-Related Genes, squint and cyclops / 3.3: |
Cooperative Roles of boz/dha and sqt in the Induction of the Organizer / 3.4: |
vega/vox/vent / 3.5: |
Induction by the Nieuwkoop Center Versus Cell-Autonomous Establishment of the Organizer / 3.6: |
The Organizer |
Is the Embryonic Shield the Fish Organizer? / 4.1: |
Organizer Genes / 4.2: |
chordino, noggin1, twisted gastrulation, and ogon / 4.3: |
dickkopf1 / 4.4: |
Fibroblast Growth Factors / 4.5: |
Role of the Organizer in AP Patterning / 4.6: |
Cell Movements and the Organizer |
Summary and Prospects |
Dorsoventral Patterning in the Zebrafish: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Beyond / Matthias Hammerschmidt ; Mary C. Mullins |
Dorsoventral Patterning in Frog, Fish and Fly |
Mutant Analyses of Vertebrate DV Regulators |
Zebrafish DV Mutants |
Different Phases of DV Pattern Formation |
Phase 1: Establishment of the Spemann-Mangold Organizer |
Phase 2: Establishment of the Morphogenetic Bmp Gradient |
Phase 3: Morphogenetic Interpretation of the Gradient by Target Cells |
Implications of DV Patterning on the Anteroposterior Axis |
Role of Chordin and Tolloid During Ventral Tail Development |
Perspectives |
Specification of Left-Right Asymmetry / Christopher V.E. Wright ; Marnie E. Halpern |
Mechanisms Underlying Left-Right Patterning |
Breaking Symmetry |
Stabilizing, Propagating and Reinforcing Left-Right Asymmetry |
Transferring Left-Right Information to the Organ Precursors |
Effector Programs of Left-Right Asymmetric Morphogenesis |
Cardiac Left-Right Asymmetry |
Asymmetry of the Zebrafish Forebrain |
Summary and Future Perspectives |
Gastrulation Movements / II.: |
Life at the Edge: Epiboly and Involution in the Zebrafish / Don Kane ; Richard Adams |
Mid-Blastula Transition and the Beginning of Cell Motility |
Epiboly |
The Epiboly Mutants |
Towards a Unification of Vertebrate Epiboly |
Hypoblast Formation |
How Do Cells Internalize at the Margin: Involution or Ingression? |
Conclusions and Prospects? |
Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms of Convergence and Extension / Lilianna Solnica-Krezel ; Mark S. Cooper |
Compaction at Blastula Stages |
Distinct Domains of Convergence and Extension Movements in the Zebrafish Gastrula |
Cellular Behaviors Effecting Convergence and Extension Movements |
Epiboly and Anteriorward Mesendoderm Migration Contribute to Convergence and Extension |
Directed Migration Is a Key Cell Behavior Underlying Convergence and Extension in Lateral Regions of the Gastrula |
Mediolateral Cell Intercalation Is a Key Cell Behavior Underlying Convergence and Extension in Dorsal Regions of the Gastrula |
Cellular Segregation, Directed Migration and Mediolateral Intercalation Underlie Dorsal Hypoblast Formation |
Molecular Genetic Basis of Convergence and Extension Movements |
Wnt Planar Cell Polarity Pathway / 5.1: |
Cell Adhesion Molecules / 5.2: |
Slit / 5.3: |
Eph Receptors and Ephrins / 5.4: |
Calcium / 5.5: |
Ethanol / 5.6: |
Molecular Genetic Coordination of Convergence and Extension Movements with Cell Fate Specification |
Spadetail / 6.1: |
Nodal / 6.2: |
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / 6.3: |
Fibroblast Growth Factor / 6.4: |
Role of C&E Movements in Generating Embryonic Morphology |
Primordial Germ Cell Development in Zebrafish / Erez Raz ; Nancy Hopkins |
Specification of Germ Cells in Fish |
The Premolecular Markers Era |
The Molecular Markers Era |
PGC Migration in Zebrafish |
Maintenance of the Fate of Migrating PGCs |
PGC Development in Zebrafish as Compared with That in Other Organisms |
Conclusions and Future Directions |
Neural Development / III.: |
Patterning the Zebrafish Central Nervous System / Steve W. Wilson ; Michael Brand ; Judith S. Eisen |
Nervous System Morphogenesis |
The Spinal Cord |
Bmp Signaling Establishes DV Pattern in the Spinal Cord |
Hedgehog and Nodal Pathways Pattern the Ventral Spinal Cord |
Delta/Notch Signaling Segregates Neural Fates Within Neural Plate Domains |
Later Signals May Refine Cell Identity |
The Forebrain |
DV Patterning of the Zebrafish Forebrain |
Formation of the Hypothalamus / 4.1.1: |
Establishment of the Optic Stalks / 4.1.2: |
Establishment of Ventral Telencephalic Fates / 4.1.3: |
Specification of Dorsal Forebrain Fates / 4.1.4: |
Left/Right Patterning in the Brain |
AP Patterning of the Prospective Brain |
Establishment of Early AP Pattern in the Neural Plate / 4.3.1: |
Local Induction of the Telencephalon and Eyes / 4.3.2: |
The Midbrain and Hindbrain |
Midbrain and Hindbrain Development Starts in Gastrulation |
Initial AP Subdivision of the Neural Plate / 5.1.1: |
Wnt8 Signaling Positions the Midbrain and Hindbrain / 5.1.2: |
Wnts and Fgfs Maintain and Pattern the Midbrain and Hindbrain |
Polarization of the Midbrain / 5.2.1: |
Fgf Signaling in the Rostral Hindbrain / 5.2.2: |
Feedback Control of Fgf Signaling / 5.2.3: |
Controlling Competence to Respond to Fgf8 Signaling / 5.2.4: |
DV Patterning of the Midbrain and Isthmus |
Later Steps of Patterning the Hindbrain |
Dorsoventral Patterning / 5.4.1: |
Forming and Maintaining Rhombomeres / 5.4.2: |
Extrinsic Signals Controlling Segmentation / 5.4.3: |
Secondary Modification of the Ground Plan by Neuronal Migration |
Summary |
Specification of the Zebrafish Neural Crest / Robert N. Kelsh ; David W. Raible |
Markers and Their Specificity |
Zebrafish Neural Crest Mutants |
Neural Crest Induction |
Cell Fate Specification |
When Does Specification Occur? |
Progressive Fate Restriction |
Pigment Cell Specification as a Model for Cell Fate Choice |
Regional Specification |
Pharyngeal Arch Specification |
Neurogenesis and Specification of Neuronal Identity / Bruce Appel ; Ajay Chitnis |
Zebrafish Spinal Cord Anatomy |
Roof Plate |
Rohon-Beard Sensory Neurons |
Interneurons |
Motor Neurons |
Floor Plate |
Glia / 2.6: |
Neurulation and the Early Pattern of Neurons |
Regulation of Neurogenesis in the Zebrafish Neural Plate |
Creating Proneuronal Domains: Regulation of ngn1 Expression |
Dorsal Spinal Cord Development |
Ventral Spinal Cord Development |
Elaboration of Cell Fate Specification by Cell-Cell Signaling |
Neuronal Specification and Transcriptional Codes |
Cellular, Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Axon Guidance in the Zebrafish / Christine E. Beattie ; Michael Granato ; John Y. Kuwada10: |
Introduction: Pathfinding Is Precise and Cell-Specific |
Axon Pathfinding in the Hindbrain and Spinal Cord |
Redundant Cues Guide Growth Cones in the Spinal Cord |
Molecules That Guide Spinal and Hindbrain Growth Cones |
Mutations That Affect the Development of Neural Circuits in the Hindbrain and Spinal Cord |
Axonal Pathfinding by Spinal Motoneurons |
Zebrafish Motor Axons Follow a Common Pathway and Then Make Divergent Choices |
Molecules That Guide Motor Growth Cones |
Semaphorins / 3.2.1: |
GDNF / 3.2.2: |
Neurolin / 3.2.3: |
Mutations That Disrupt the Formation of Stereotyped Motor Projections |
Diwanka Mutants / 3.3.1: |
Unplugged Mutants / 3.3.2: |
Stumpy Mutants / 3.3.3: |
Axonal Pathfinding in the Visual System |
Conclusions |
Aspects of Organogenesis / IV.: |
Somitogenesis / Caroline Brennan ; Sharon L. Amacher ; Peter D. Currie |
Generalized Overview of Somitogenesis |
Morphological Aspects of Zebrafish Somitogenesis |
General Anterior/Posterior Pattern and Specification of Paraxial Mesoderm |
Hox Gene Expression Patterns and Overall A/P Pattern |
The Origin of Somitic Cells |
spadetail, a Gene Controlling Paraxial Mesoderm Formation |
Establishing a Segmental Pattern |
Somitic Periodicity and the Cell Cycle |
Existence of a Molecular Oscillator |
The Notch Pathway and Establishment of Segmental Pattern |
Insights from Zebrafish |
The Fused-Somite Mutant and Operation of a Wavefront |
Establishment of Anterior/Posterior Somite Polarity |
Formation of the Somite Boundary |
Induction and Patterning the Presomitic and Somitic Mesoderm |
Embryonic Myotome Formation and the Initiation of Myogenesis |
Formation of the "Adaxial" Cell Compartment and Presomitic Myogenic Induction |
Muscle Pioneer Cells and Myotomal Architecture |
Fiber Type and Myotome Morphogenesis |
Fiber Type Formation in Separate Myotomal Compartments |
Myotomal Patterning Mutants and the Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Slow Muscle Cell Specification |
Migratory or Hypaxial Muscle Formation in Zebrafish Embryos |
Sclerotome Formation |
Other Somite-Derived Cell Types |
Questions for the Future |
Cardiovascular System / Deborah Yelon ; Brant M. Weinstein ; Mark C. Fishman |
Background in Classical Embryology: Some of the Questions |
Zebrafish: a Propitious Embryo for Cardiovascular Studies |
Patterning the Heart |
Formation of the Myocardium in Zebrafish |
Genetic Regulation of Myocardial Development in Zebrafish |
Requirements for nkx2.5 Induction |
Requirements for Myocardial Differentiation |
Requirements for Chamber-Specific Differentiation |
Requirements for Heart Tube Assembly / 3.2.4: |
Pattern and Orientation to the Onset of Function |
Vascular Pattern in the Zebrafish |
Formation of Blood Vessels in the Zebrafish |
Molecular Analysis of Blood Vessel Formation in the Zebrafish |
Genetic Analysis of Blood Vessel Formation in the Zebrafish |
Experimental Analysis of Vascular Form and Function: Imaging Blood Vessels In Situ |
Prospects for Future Zebrafish Cardiovascular Research |
The Pronephros / Iain Drummond |
Variation and Evolution of the Kidney |
A Brief History of the Kidney |
Morphogenesis and Patterning of the Zebrafish Pronephros |
Patterning of the Mesoderm and Formation of the Pronephric Primordium |
Mediolateral Patterning of the Intermediate Mesoderm and Induction of the Pronephros |
Development of the Pronephric Duct |
Nephron Formation |
Cell Interactions in the Vascularization of the Glomerulus |
Summary and Perspectives |
The Zebrafish Eye: Developmental and Genetic Analysis / Stephen S. Easter, Jr. ; Jarema J. Malicki |
Morphogenesis |
Optic Vesicle |
Eye Cup |
Lens |
Neurogenesis |
The Fan Gradient |
Ganglion Cell Layer |
Inner Nuclear Layer |
Outer Nuclear Layer |
Prolonged Neurogenesis and Regeneration |
Modulation of the Rate of Proliferation |
Pulsatile Production of Neurons / 3.7: |
Pattern and Patterning of Cellular Architecture in the Retina |
Pattern of Differentiated Retina |
Formation of Retinal Architecture |
Terminal Differentiation of Cellular Morphology |
Ganglion Cell Axogenesis |
Photoreceptor Differentiation |
References |
Subject Index |