Foreword |
Preface |
Acknowledgments |
Introduction / 1: |
The Future Is So Bright... / 1.1: |
Functional Genomics / 1.2: |
Informatics and advances in enabling technology / 1.2.1: |
Why do we need new techniques? / 1.2.2: |
Missing the Forest for the Dendrograms / 1.3: |
Sociology of a functional genomics pipeline / 1.3.1: |
Functional Genomics, Not Genetics / 1.4: |
In silico analysis will never substitute for in vitro and in vivo / 1.4.1: |
Basic Biology / 1.5: |
Biological caveats in mRNA measurements / 1.5.1: |
Sequence-level genomics / 1.5.2: |
Proteomics / 1.5.3: |
Experimental Design / 2: |
The Safe Conception of a Functional Genomic Experiment / 2.1: |
Experiment design space / 2.1.1: |
Expression space / 2.1.2: |
Exercising the expression space / 2.1.3: |
Discarding data and low-hanging fruit / 2.1.4: |
Gene-Clustering Dogma / 2.2: |
Supervised versus unsupervised learning / 2.2.1: |
Figure of merit: The elusive gold standard in functional genomics / 2.2.2: |
Microarray Measurements to Analyses / 3: |
Generic Features of Microarray Technologies / 3.1: |
Robotically spotted microarrays / 3.1.1: |
Oligonucleotide microarrays / 3.1.2: |
Replicate Experiments, Reproducibility, and Noise / 3.2: |
What is a replicate experiment? A reproducible experimental outcome? / 3.2.1: |
Reproducibility across repeated microarray experiments: Absolute expression level and fold difference / 3.2.2: |
Cross-platform (technology) reproducibility / 3.2.3: |
Pooling sample probes and PCR for replicate experiments / 3.2.4: |
What is noise? / 3.2.5: |
Sources and examples of noise in the generic microarray experiment / 3.2.6: |
Biological variation as noise: The Human Genome Project and irreproducibility of expression measurements / 3.2.7: |
Managing noise / 3.2.8: |
Prototypical Objectives and Questions / 3.3: |
Two examples: Inter-array and intra-array / 3.3.1: |
Preprocessing: Filters and Normalization / 3.4: |
Normalization / 3.4.1: |
Background on Fold / 3.5: |
Fold calculation and significance / 3.5.1: |
Fold change may not mean the same thing in different expression measurement technologies / 3.5.2: |
Dissimilarity and Similarity Measures / 3.6: |
Linear correlation / 3.6.1: |
Entropy and mutual information / 3.6.2: |
Dynamics / 3.6.3: |
Genomic Data-Mining Techniques / 4: |
What Can Be Clustered in Functional Genomics? / 4.1: |
What Does it Mean to Cluster? / 4.3: |
Hierarchy of Bioinformatics Algorithms / 4.4: |
Data Reduction and Filtering / 4.5: |
Variation filter / 4.5.1: |
Low entropy filter / 4.5.2: |
Minimum expression level filter / 4.5.3: |
Target ambiguity filter / 4.5.4: |
Self-Organizing Maps / 4.6: |
K-means clustering / 4.6.1: |
Finding Genes That Split Sets / 4.7: |
Phylogenetic-Type Trees / 4.8: |
Two-dimensional dendrograms / 4.8.1: |
Relevance Networks / 4.9: |
Other Methods / 4.10: |
Which Technique Should I Use? / 4.11: |
Determining the Significance of Findings / 4.12: |
Permutation testing / 4.12.1: |
Testing and training sets / 4.12.2: |
Performance metrics / 4.12.3: |
Receiver operating characteristic curves / 4.12.4: |
Genetic Networks / 4.13: |
What is a genetic network? / 4.13.1: |
Reverse-engineering and modeling a genetic network using limited data / 4.13.2: |
Bayesian networks for functional genomics / 4.13.3: |
Bio-Ontologies, Data Models, Nomenclature / 5: |
Ontologies / 5.1: |
Bio-ontology projects / 5.1.1: |
Advanced knowledge representation systems for bio-ontology / 5.1.2: |
Expressivity versus Computability / 5.2: |
Ontology versus Data Model versus Nomenclature / 5.3: |
Exploiting the explicit and implicit ontologies of the biomedical literature / 5.3.1: |
Data Model Introduction / 5.4: |
Nomenclature / 5.5: |
The unique gene identifier / 5.5.1: |
Postanalysis Challenges / 5.6: |
Linking to downstream biological validation / 5.6.1: |
Problems in determining the results / 5.6.2: |
From Functional Genomics to Clinical Relevance / 6: |
Electronic Medical Records / 6.1: |
Standardized Vocabularies for Clinical Phenotypes / 6.2: |
Privacy of Clinical Data / 6.3: |
Anonymization / 6.3.1: |
Privacy rules / 6.3.2: |
Costs of Clinical Data Acquisition / 6.4: |
The Near Future / 7: |
New Methods for Gene Expression Profiling / 7.1: |
Electronic positioning of molecules: Nanogen / 7.1.1: |
Ink-jet spotting of arrays: Agilent / 7.1.2: |
Coded microbeads bound to oligonucleotides: Illumina / 7.1.3: |
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) / 7.1.4: |
Parallel signature sequencing on microbead arrays: Lynx / 7.1.5: |
Gel pad technology: Motorola / 7.1.6: |
Respecting the Older Generation / 7.2: |
The generation gap / 7.2.1: |
Separating the wheat from the chaff / 7.2.2: |
A persistent problem / 7.2.3: |
Selecting Software / 7.3: |
Investing in the Future of the Genomic Enterprise / 7.4: |
Glossary |
Foreword |
Preface |
Acknowledgments |
Introduction / 1: |
The Future Is So Bright... / 1.1: |
Functional Genomics / 1.2: |