Fuel cell systems explained

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Fuel cell systems explained / James Larminie, Andrew Dicks

版:

2nd ed

資料種別:

図書

出版情報:

Chichester : Wiley, c2003

形態:

xxii, 406 p. ; 26 cm

著者名:

ISBN:

9780470848579 [047084857X]

書誌ID:

BA62158493

子書誌情報

フルテキスト

所蔵情報

他の版・巻

書誌詳細

注記:

Includes bibliographical references and index

主題:

Fuel cells

言語:

英語

目次情報:

Preface

Foreword to the first edition / 1：

Introduction

Acknowledgements / 2：

Efficiency and Open Circuit Voltage

Abbreviations / 3：

Operational Fuel Cell Voltages

Symbols / 4：

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Alkaline Electrolyte Fuel Cells / 5：

Medium and High Temperature Fuel cells / 6：

Hydrogen Fuel Cells--Basic Principles / 7：

Fuelling fuel cells

Compressors, Turbines, Ejectors, Fans, Blowers and Pumps / 1.2：

What Limits the Current?

Delivering Fuel Cell Power / 9：

Connecting Cells in Series--the Bipolar Plate / 10：

Change in Molar Gibbs Free Energy Calculations

Useful Fuel Cell Equations / 1.4：

Gas Supply and Cooling

Index / 12：

Fuel Cell Types

Other Cells--Some Fuel Cells, Some Not / 1.6：

Biological fuel cells / 1.6.1：

Metal/air cells / 1.6.2：

Redox flow cells or regenerative fuel cells / 1.6.3：

Other Parts of a Fuel Cell System / 1.7：

Figures Used to Compare Systems / 1.8：

Advantages and Applications / 1.9：

References

Energy and the EMF of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell / 2.1：

The Open Circuit Voltage of Other Fuel Cells and Batteries / 2.2：

Efficiency and Efficiency Limits / 2.3：

Efficiency and the Fuel Cell Voltage / 2.4：

The Effect of Pressure and Gas Concentration / 2.5：

The Nernst equation / 2.5.1：

Hydrogen partial pressure / 2.5.2：

Fuel and oxidant utilisation / 2.5.3：

System pressure / 2.5.4：

An application--blood alcohol measurement / 2.5.5：

Summary / 2.6：

Terminology / 3.1：

Fuel Cell Irreversibilities--Causes of Voltage Drop / 3.3：

Activation Losses / 3.4：

The Tafel equation / 3.4.1：

The constants in the Tafel equation / 3.4.2：

Reducing the activation overvoltage / 3.4.3：

Summary of activation overvoltage / 3.4.4：

Fuel Crossover and Internal Currents / 3.5：

Ohmic Losses / 3.6：

Mass Transport or Concentration Losses / 3.7：

Combining the Irreversibilities / 3.8：

The Charge Double Layer / 3.9：

Distinguishing the Different Irreversibilities / 3.10：

Overview / 4.1：

How the Polymer Electrolyte Works / 4.2：

Electrodes and Electrode Structure / 4.3：

Water Management in the PEMFC / 4.4：

Overview of the problem / 4.4.1：

Airflow and water evaporation / 4.4.2：

Humidity of PEMFC air / 4.4.3：

Running PEM fuel cells without extra humidification / 4.4.4：

External humidification--principles / 4.4.5：

External humidification--methods / 4.4.6：

PEM Fuel Cell Cooling and Air Supply / 4.5：

Cooling using the cathode air supply / 4.5.1：

Separate reactant and cooling air / 4.5.2：

Water cooling of PEM fuel cells / 4.5.3：

PEM Fuel Cell Connection--the Bipolar Plate / 4.6：

Flow field patterns on the bipolar plates / 4.6.1：

Making bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells / 4.6.3：

Other topologies / 4.6.4：

Operating Pressure / 4.7：

Outline of the problem / 4.7.1：

Simple quantitative cost/benefit analysis of higher operating pressures / 4.7.2：

Other factors affecting choice of pressure / 4.7.3：

Reactant Composition / 4.8：

Carbon monoxide poisoning / 4.8.1：

Methanol and other liquid fuels / 4.8.2：

Using pure oxygen in place of air / 4.8.3：

Example Systems / 4.9：

Small 12-W system / 4.9.1：

Medium 2-kW system / 4.9.2：

205-kW fuel cell engine / 4.9.3：

Historical Background and Overview / 5.1：

Basic principles / 5.1.1：

Historical importance / 5.1.2：

Main advantages / 5.1.3：

Types of Alkaline Electrolyte Fuel Cell / 5.2：

Mobile electrolyte / 5.2.1：

Static electrolyte alkaline fuel cells / 5.2.2：

Dissolved fuel alkaline fuel cells / 5.2.3：

Operating Pressure and Temperature / 5.3：

Electrodes for Alkaline Electrolyte Fuel Cells / 5.4：

Sintered nickel powder / 5.4.1：

Raney metals / 5.4.3：

Rolled electrodes / 5.4.4：

Cell Interconnections / 5.5：

Problems and Development / 5.6：

Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Anode Reaction and Catalysts / 6.1：

Overall DMFC reaction / 6.2.1：

Anode reactions in the alkaline DMFC / 6.2.2：

Anode reactions in the PEM direct methanol FC / 6.2.3：

Anode fuel feed / 6.2.4：

Anode catalysts / 6.2.5：

Electrolyte and Fuel Crossover / 6.3：

How fuel crossover occurs / 6.3.1：

Standard techniques for reducing fuel crossover / 6.3.2：

Fuel crossover techniques in development / 6.3.3：

Cathode Reactions and Catalysts / 6.4：

Methanol Production, Storage, and Safety / 6.5：

Methanol production / 6.5.1：

Methanol safety / 6.5.2：

Methanol compared to ethanol / 6.5.3：

Methanol storage / 6.5.4：

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications / 6.6：

Medium and High Temperature Fuel Cells

Common Features / 7.1：

An introduction to fuel reforming / 7.2.1：

Fuel utilisation / 7.2.2：

Bottoming cycles / 7.2.3：

The use of heat exchangers--exergy and pinch technology / 7.2.4：

The Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) / 7.3：

How it works / 7.3.1：

Performance of the PAFC / 7.3.2：

Recent developments in PAFC / 7.3.3：

The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) / 7.4：

Implications of using a molten carbonate electrolyte / 7.4.1：

Cell components in the MCFC / 7.4.3：

Stack configuration and sealing / 7.4.4：

Internal reforming / 7.4.5：

Performance of MCFCS / 7.4.6：

Practical MCFC systems / 7.4.7：

The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell / 7.5：

SOFC components / 7.5.1：

Practical design and stacking arrangements for the SOFC / 7.5.3：

SOFC performance / 7.5.4：

SOFC combined cycles, novel system designs and hybrid systems / 7.5.5：

Intermediate temperature SOFCs / 7.5.6：

Fuelling Fuel Cells

Fossil Fuels / 8.1：

Petroleum / 8.2.1：

Petroleum in mixtures: tar sands, oil shales, gas hydrates, and LPG / 8.2.2：

Coal and coal gases / 8.2.3：

Natural gas / 8.2.4：

Bio-Fuels / 8.3：

The Basics of Fuel Processing / 8.4：

Fuel cell requirements / 8.4.1：

Desulphurisation / 8.4.2：

Steam reforming / 8.4.3：

Carbon formation and pre-reforming / 8.4.4：

Direct hydrocarbon oxidation / 8.4.5：

Partial oxidation and autothermal reforming / 8.4.7：

Hydrogen generation by pyrolysis or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons / 8.4.8：

Further fuel processing--carbon monoxide removal / 8.4.9：

Practical Fuel Processing--Stationary Applications / 8.5：

Conventional industrial steam reforming / 8.5.1：

System designs for natural gas fed PEMFC and PAFC plants with steam reformers / 8.5.2：

Reformer and partial oxidation designs / 8.5.3：

Practical Fuel Processing--Mobile Applications / 8.6：

General issues / 8.6.1：

Methanol reforming for vehicles / 8.6.2：

Micro-scale methanol reactors / 8.6.3：

Gasoline reforming / 8.6.4：

Electrolysers / 8.7：

Operation of electrolysers / 8.7.1：

Applications of electrolysers / 8.7.2：

Electrolyser efficiency / 8.7.3：

Generating at high pressure / 8.7.4：

Photo-electrolysis / 8.7.5：

Biological Production of Hydrogen / 8.8：

Photosynthesis / 8.8.1：

Hydrogen production by digestion processes / 8.8.3：

Hydrogen Storage I--Storage as Hydrogen / 8.9：

Introduction to the problem / 8.9.1：

Safety / 8.9.2：

The storage of hydrogen as a compressed gas / 8.9.3：

Storage of hydrogen as a liquid / 8.9.4：

Reversible metal hydride hydrogen stores / 8.9.5：

Carbon nanofibres / 8.9.6：

Storage methods compared / 8.9.7：

Hydrogen Storage II--Chemical Methods / 8.10：

Methanol / 8.10.1：

Alkali metal hydrides / 8.10.3：

Sodium borohydride / 8.10.4：

Ammonia / 8.10.5：

Compressors, Turbines, Ejectors, Fans, Blowers, and Pumps / 8.10.6：

Compressors--Types Used / 9.1：

Compressor Efficiency / 9.3：

Compressor Power / 9.4：

Compressor Performance Charts / 9.5：

Performance Charts for Centrifugal Compressors / 9.6：

Compressor Selection--Practical Issues / 9.7：

Turbines / 9.8：

Turbochargers / 9.9：

Ejector Circulators / 9.10：

Fans and Blowers / 9.11：

Membrane/Diaphragm Pumps / 9.12：

DC Regulation and Voltage Conversion / 10.1：

Switching devices / 10.2.1：

Switching regulators / 10.2.2：

Inverters / 10.3：

Single phase / 10.3.1：

Three phase / 10.3.2：

Regulatory issues and tariffs / 10.3.3：

Power factor correction / 10.3.4：

Electric Motors / 10.4：

General points / 10.4.1：

The induction motor / 10.4.2：

The brushless DC motor / 10.4.3：

Switched reluctance motors / 10.4.4：

Motors efficiency / 10.4.5：

Motor mass / 10.4.6：

Fuel Cell/Battery or Capacitor Hybrid Systems / 10.5：

Fuel Cell Systems Analysed

Energy Systems / 11.1：

Well-To-Wheels Analysis / 11.3：

Importance of well-to-wheels analysis / 11.3.1：

Well-to-tank analysis / 11.3.2：

Main conclusions of the GM well-to-wheels study / 11.3.3：

Power-Train or Drive-Train Analysis / 11.4：

Example System I--PEMFC Powered Bus / 11.5：

Example System II--Stationary Natural Gas Fuelled System / 11.6：

Flow sheet and conceptual systems designs / 11.6.1：

Detailed engineering designs / 11.6.3：

Further systems analysis / 11.6.4：

Closing Remarks / 11.7：

Hydrogen Fuel Cell / Appendix 1：

The Carbon Monoxide Fuel Cell / A1.2：

Oxygen and Air Usage / Appendix 2：

Air Exit Flow Rate / A2.3：

Hydrogen Usage / A2.4：

Water Production / A2.5：

Heat Produced / A2.6：

Preface

Foreword to the first edition / 1：

Introduction

Acknowledgements / 2：

Efficiency and Open Circuit Voltage

Abbreviations / 3：

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