Introduction to Thermal Sciences |
Thermodynamics / Part 1: |
Concepts, Definitions, and Basic Principles / Chapter 1: |
Introduction / 1.1: |
Thermodynamic Systems and Control Volumes / 1.2: |
Macroscopic Description / 1.3: |
Properties and State of a System / 1.4: |
Equilibrium, Processes, and Cycles / 1.5: |
Units / 1.6: |
Density, Specific Volume, and Specific Weight / 1.7: |
Pressure / 1.8: |
Temperature / 1.9: |
Energy / 1.10: |
Summary / 1.11: |
Properties of Pure Substances / Chapter 2: |
The p-v-T Surface / 2.1: |
The Liquid-Vapor Region / 2.3: |
Properties of Steam / 2.4: |
Steam Tables / 2.4.1: |
TK Solver / 2.4.2: |
Equations of State / 2.5: |
Equations of State for a Nonideal Gas / 2.6: |
Work and Heat / 2.7: |
Definition of Work / 3.1: |
Quasi-equilibrium Work Due to a Moving Boundary / 3.3: |
Nonequilibrium Work / 3.4: |
Other Work Modes / 3.5: |
Heat Transfer / 3.6: |
Conduction / 3.6.1: |
Convection / 3.6.2: |
Radiation / 3.6.3: |
The First Law of Thermodynamics / 3.7: |
The First Law Applied to a Cycle / 4.1: |
The First Law Applied to a Process / 4.3: |
Enthalpy / 4.4: |
Latent Heat / 4.5: |
Specific Heats / 4.6: |
The First Law Applied to Systems / 4.7: |
General Formulation for Control Volumes / 4.8: |
The First Law Applied to Control Volumes / 4.9: |
Transient Flow / 4.10: |
The First Law with Heat Transfer Applications / 4.11: |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics / 4.12: |
Heat Engines, Heat Pumps, and Refrigerators / 5.1: |
Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics / 5.3: |
Reversibility / 5.4: |
The Carnot Engine / 5.5: |
Carnot Efficiency / 5.6: |
Entropy / 5.7: |
Entropy for an Ideal Gas with Constant Specific Heats / 5.8: |
Entropy for an Ideal Gas with Variable Specific Heats / 5.9: |
Entropy Change for Substances Such As Steam, Solids, and Liquids / 5.10: |
The Inequality of Clausius / 5.11: |
Entropy Change for an Irreversible Process / 5.12: |
The Second Law Applied to a Control Volume / 5.13: |
Power and Refrigeration Vapor Cycles / 5.14: |
The Rankine Cycle / 6.1: |
A Possible Steam Carnot Cycle / 6.3: |
Rankine Cycle Efficiency / 6.4: |
The Reheat Cycle / 6.5: |
The Regenerative Cycle / 6.6: |
Effect of Losses on Power Cycle Efficiency / 6.7: |
The Vapor-Refrigeration Cycle / 6.8: |
The Heat Pump / 6.9: |
Power and Refrigeration Gas Cycles / 6.10: |
The Air-Standard Cycle / 7.1: |
The Carnot Cycle / 7.3: |
The Otto Cycle / 7.4: |
The Diesel Cycle / 7.5: |
The Brayton Cycle / 7.6: |
The Regenerative Brayton Cycle / 7.7: |
The Combined Brayton-Rankine Cycle / 7.8: |
The Gas-Refrigeration Cycle / 7.9: |
Psychrometrics / 7.10: |
Gas-Vapor Mixtures / 8.1: |
Adiabatic Saturation and Wet-Bulb Temperatures / 8.3: |
The Psychrometric Chart / 8.4: |
Air-Conditioning Processes / 8.5: |
Combustion / 8.6: |
Combustion Equations / 9.1: |
Enthalpy of Formation, Enthalpy of Combustion, and the First Law / 9.2: |
Adiabatic Flame Temperature / 9.3: |
Fluid Mechanics / 9.4: |
Basic Considerations / Chapter 10: |
Dimensions, Units, and Physical Quantities / 10.1: |
Continuum View of Gases and Liquids / 10.3: |
Pressure and Temperature Scales / 10.4: |
Fluid Properties / 10.5: |
Density and Specific Weight / 10.5.1: |
Viscosity / 10.5.2: |
Compressibility / 10.5.3: |
Surface Tension / 10.5.4: |
Vapor Pressure / 10.5.5: |
Conservation Laws / 10.6: |
Thermodynamic Properties and Relationships / 10.7: |
Properties of an Ideal Gas / 10.7.1: |
First Law of Thermodynamics / 10.7.2: |
Other Thermodynamic Quantities / 10.7.3: |
Fluid Statics / 10.8: |
Pressure at Point / 11.1: |
Pressure Variation / 11.3: |
Fluids at Rest / 11.4: |
Pressures in Liquids at Rest / 11.4.1: |
Pressures in the Atmosphere / 11.4.2: |
Manometers / 11.4.3: |
Forces on Plane Areas / 11.4.4: |
Forces on Curved Surfaces / 11.4.5: |
Buoyancy / 11.4.6: |
Linearly Accelerating Containers / 11.5: |
Rotating Containers / 11.6: |
Introduction to Fluids in Motion / 11.7: |
Description of Fluid Motion / 12.1: |
Lagrangian and Eulerian Disciplines of Motion / 12.2.1: |
Pathlines, Streaklines, and Streamlines / 12.2.2: |
Acceleration / 12.2.3: |
Angular Velocity and Vorticity / 12.2.4: |
Classification of Fluid Flows / 12.3: |
One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Flows / 12.3.1: |
Viscous and Inviscid Flows / 12.3.2: |
Laminar and Turbulent Flows / 12.3.3: |
Incompressible and Compressible Flows / 12.3.4: |
The Bernoulli Equation / 12.4: |
The Integral Forms of the Fundamental Laws / 12.5: |
The Three Basic Laws / 13.1: |
System-to-Control-Volume Transformation / 13.3: |
Simplifications of the System-to-Control-Volume Transformation / 13.3.1: |
Conservation of Mass / 13.4: |
Energy Equation / 13.5: |
Work-Rate Term / 13.5.1: |
General Energy Equation / 13.5.2: |
Steady Uniform Flow / 13.5.3: |
Steady Nonuniform Flow / 13.5.4: |
Momentum Equation / 13.6: |
General Momentum Equation / 13.6.1: |
Momentum Equation Applied to Deflectors / 13.6.2: |
Dimensional Analysis and Similitude / 13.6.4: |
Dimensional Analysis / 14.1: |
Motivation / 14.2.1: |
Review of Dimensions / 14.2.2: |
Buckingham [pi]-Theorem / 14.2.3: |
Common Dimensionless Parameters / 14.2.4: |
Similitude / 14.3: |
General Information / 14.3.1: |
Confined Flows / 14.3.2: |
Free-Surface Flows / 14.3.3: |
High-Reynolds-Number Flows / 14.3.4: |
Compressible Flows / 14.3.5: |
Periodic Flows / 14.3.6: |
Internal Flows / 14.4: |
Entrance Flow and Developed Flow / 15.1: |
Laminar Flow in a Pipe / 15.3: |
Laminar Flow between Parallel Plates / 15.4: |
Laminar Flow between Rotating Cylinders / 15.5: |
Turbulent Flow in a Pipe / 15.6: |
Differential Equation / 15.6.1: |
Velocity Profile / 15.6.2: |
Losses in Developed Pipe Flow / 15.6.3: |
Losses in Noncircular Conduits / 15.6.4: |
Minor Losses in Pipe Flow / 15.6.5: |
Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines / 15.6.6: |
Simple Pipe System with a Pump / 15.6.7: |
Uniform Turbulent Flow in Open Channels / 15.7: |
External Flows / 15.8: |
Separation / 16.1: |
Flow around Immersed Bodies / 16.3: |
Drag Coefficients / 16.3.1: |
Vortex Shedding / 16.3.2: |
Streamlining / 16.3.3: |
Cavitation / 16.3.4: |
Added Mass / 16.3.5: |
Lift and Drag on Airfoils / 16.4: |
Potential Flow Theory / 16.5: |
Basic Flow Equations / 16.5.1: |
Simple Solutions / 16.5.2: |
Superposition / 16.5.3: |
Boundary Layer Theory / 16.6: |
General Background / 16.6.1: |
Von Karman Integral Equation / 16.6.2: |
Approximate Solution to the Laminar Boundary Layer / 16.6.3: |
Turbulent Boundary Layer: Power-Law Form / 16.6.4: |
Turbulent Boundary Layer: Empirical Form / 16.6.5: |
Convection Heat Transfer / 16.6.6: |
Pressure Gradient Effects / 16.6.7: |
Compressible Flow / 16.7: |
Speed of Sound and the Mach Number / 17.1: |
Isentropic Nozzle Flow / 17.3: |
Normal Shock Wave / 17.4: |
Shock Waves in Converging-Diverging Nozzles / 17.5: |
Oblique Shock Waves / 17.6: |
Isentropic Expansion Waves / 17.7: |
Appendix / 17.8: |
Units and Conversions / A.: |
Material Properties / B.: |
Thermodynamic Properties of Water (Steam Tables) / C.: |
Thermodynamic Properties of Freon 12 / D.: |
Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia / E.: |
Ideal-Gas Tables / F.: |
Psychrometric Charts / G.: |
Compressibility Chart / H.: |
Compressible-Flow Tables for Air / I.: |
Properties of Areas and Volumes / J.: |
Vector Relations / K.: |
Answers to Selected Problems |
Index |
Introduction to Thermal Sciences |
Thermodynamics / Part 1: |
Concepts, Definitions, and Basic Principles / Chapter 1: |
Introduction / 1.1: |
Thermodynamic Systems and Control Volumes / 1.2: |
Macroscopic Description / 1.3: |