Speckle phenomena in optics : theory and applications

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Speckle phenomena in optics : theory and applications / Joseph W. Goodman

資料種別:: 図書
出版情報:: Englewood, Colo. : Roberts & Co., c2007
形態:: xvi, 387 p. ; 25 cm
著者名:: Goodman, Joseph W.
ISBN:: 9780974707792 [0974707791]
9781936221141 [1936221144] (: pbk)
書誌ID:: BA84720028

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注記:

Includes bibliographical references (p. 373-381) and index
HTTP:URL=http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0620/2006028325.html Information=Table of contents only

主題:

Speckle

言語:

英語

目次情報:

Preface

Origins and Manifestations of Speckle / 1：

General Background / 1.1：

Intuitive Explanation of the Cause of Speckle / 1.2：

Some Mathematical Preliminaries / 1.3：

Random Phasor Sums / 2：

First and Second Moments of the Real and Imaginary Parts of the Resultant Phasor / 2.1：

Random Walk with a Large Number of Independent Steps / 2.2：

Random Phasor Sum Plus a Known Phasor / 2.3：

Sums of Random Phasor Sums / 2.4：

Finite Number of Equal Length Components / 2.5：

Nonuniform Distribution of Phases / 2.6：

First-Order Statistical Properties / 3：

Definition of Intensity / 3.1：

First-Order Statistics of the Intensity and Phase / 3.2：

Large Number of Random Phasors / 3.2.1：

Constant Phasor plus a Random Phasor Sum / 3.2.2：

Finite Number of Equal-Length Phasors / 3.2.3：

Sums of Speckle Patterns / 3.3：

Sums on an Amplitude Basis / 3.3.1：

Sum of Two Independent Speckle Intensities / 3.3.2：

Sum of N Independent Speckle Intensities / 3.3.3：

Sums of Correlated Speckle Intensities / 3.3.4：

Partially Polarized Speckle / 3.4：

Partially Developed Speckle / 3.5：

Speckled Speckle, or Compound Speckle Statistics / 3.6：

Speckle Driven by a Negative Exponential Intensity Distribution / 3.6.1：

Speckle Driven by a Gamma Intensity Distribution / 3.6.2：

Sums of Independent Speckle Patterns Driven by a Gamma Intensity Distribution / 3.6.3：

Higher-Order Statistical Properties of Speckle / 4：

Multivariate Gaussian Statistics / 4.1：

Application to Speckle Fields / 4.2：

Multidimensional Statistics of Speckle / 4.3：

Joint Density Function of the Amplitudes / 4.3.1：

Joint Density Function of the Phases / 4.3.2：

Joint Density Function of the Intensities / 4.3.3：

Autocorrelation Function and Power Spectrum of Speckle / 4.4：

Free-Space Propagation Geometry / 4.4.1：

Imaging Geometry / 4.4.2：

Speckle Size in Depth / 4.4.3：

Dependence of Speckle on Scatterer Microstructure / 4.5：

Surface vs. Volume Scattering / 4.5.1：

Effect of a Finite Correlation Area of the Scattered Wave / 4.5.2：

A Regime where Speckle Size Is Independent of Scattering Spot Size / 4.5.3：

Relation between the Correlation Areas of the Scattered Wave and the Surface Height Fluctuations-Surface Scattering / 4.5.4：

Dependence of Speckle Contrast on Surface Roughness-Surface Scattering / 4.5.5：

Properties of Speckle Resulting from Volume Scattering / 4.5.6：

Statistics of Integrated and Blurred Speckle / 4.6：

Mean and Variance of Integrated Speckle / 4.6.1：

Approximate Result for the Probability Density Function of Integrated Intensity / 4.6.2：

"Exact" Result for the Probability Density Function of Integrated Intensity / 4.6.3：

Integration of Partially Polarized Speckle Patterns / 4.6.4：

Statistics of Derivatives of Speckle Intensity and Phase / 4.7：

Background / 4.7.1：

Parameters for Various Scattering Spot Shapes / 4.7.2：

Derivatives of Speckle Phase: Ray Directions in a Speckle Pattern / 4.7.3：

Derivatives of Speckle Intensity / 4.7.4：

Level Crossings of Speckle Patterns / 4.7.5：

Zeros of Speckle Patterns: Optical Vortices / 4.8：

Conditions Required for a Zero of Intensity to Occur / 4.8.1：

Properties of Speckle Phase in the Vicinity of a Zero of Intensity / 4.8.2：

The Density of Vortices in Fully Developed Speckle / 4.8.3：

The Density of Vortices for Fully Developed Speckle Plus a Coherent Background / 4.8.4：

Optical Methods for Suppressing Speckle / 5：

Polarization Diversity / 5.1：

Temporal Averaging with a Moving Diffuser / 5.2：

Smooth Object / 5.2.1：

Rough Object / 5.2.3：

Wavelength and Angle Diversity / 5.3：

Free-Space Propagation, Reflection Geometry / 5.3.1：

Free-Space Propagation, Transmission Geometry / 5.3.2：

Temporal and Spatial Coherence Reduction / 5.3.3：

Coherence Concepts in Optics / 5.4.1：

Moving Diffusers and Coherence Reduction / 5.4.2：

Speckle Suppression by Reduction of Temporal Coherence / 5.4.3：

Speckle Suppression by Reduction of Spatial Coherence / 5.4.4：

Use of Temporal Coherence to Destroy Spatial Coherence / 5.5：

Compounding Speckle Suppression Techniques / 5.6：

Speckle in Certain Imaging Applications / 6：

Speckle in the Eye / 6.1：

Speckle in Holography / 6.2：

Principles of Holography / 6.2.1：

Speckle Suppression in Holographic Images / 6.2.2：

Speckle in Optical Coherence Tomography / 6.3：

Overview of the OCT Imaging Technique / 6.3.1：

Analysis of OCT / 6.3.2：

Speckle and Speckle Suppression in OCT / 6.3.3：

Speckle in Optical Projection Displays / 6.4：

Anatomies of Projection Displays / 6.4.1：

Speckle Suppression in Projection Displays / 6.4.2：

A Moving Screen / 6.4.3：

Wavelength Diversity / 6.4.5：

Angle Diversity / 6.4.6：

Overdesign of the Projection Optics / 6.4.7：

Changing Diffuser Projected onto the Screen / 6.4.8：

Specially Designed Screens / 6.4.9：

Speckle in Projection Microlithography / 6.5：

Coherence Properties of Excimer Lasers / 6.5.1：

Temporal Speckle / 6.5.2：

From Exposure Fluctuations to Line Position Fluctuations / 6.5.3：

Speckle in Certain Nonimaging Applications / 7：

Speckle in Multimode Fibers / 7.1：

Modal Noise in Fibers / 7.1.1：

Statistics of Constrained Speckle / 7.1.2：

Frequency Dependence of Modal Noise / 7.1.3：

Effects of Speckle on Optical Radar Performance / 7.2：

Spatial Correlation of the Speckle Returned from Distant Targets / 7.2.1：

Speckle at Low Light Levels / 7.2.2：

Detection Statistics-Direct Detection / 7.2.3：

Detection Statistics-Heterodyne Detection / 7.2.4：

Comparison of Direct Detection and Heterodyne Detection / 7.2.5：

Reduction of the Effects of Speckle in Optical Radar Detection / 7.2.6：

Speckle and Metrology / 8：

Speckle Photography / 8.1：

In-Plane Displacement / 8.1.1：

Simulation / 8.1.2：

Properties of the Spectra I[subscript k](v[subscript X], v[subscript Y]) / 8.1.3：

Limitations on the Size of the Motion (x[subscript 0], y[subscript 0]) / 8.1.4：

Analysis with Multiple Specklegram Windows / 8.1.5：

Object Rotation / 8.1.6：

Speckle Interferometry / 8.2：

Systems That Use Photographic Detection / 8.2.1：

Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) / 8.2.2：

Speckle Shearing Interferometry / 8.2.3：

From Fringe Patterns to Phase Maps / 8.3：

The Fourier Transform Method / 8.3.1：

Phase-Shifting Speckle Interferometry / 8.3.2：

Phase Unwrapping / 8.3.3：

Vibration Measurement Using Speckle / 8.4：

Speckle and Surface Roughness Measurements / 8.5：

RMS Surface Height and Surface Covariance Area from Speckle Contrast / 8.5.1：

RMS Surface Height from Two-Wavelength Decorrelation / 8.5.2：

RMS Surface Height from Two-Angle Decorrelation / 8.5.3：

Information from Measurement of Angular Power Spectrum / 8.5.4：

Speckle in Imaging Through the Atmosphere / 9：

Refractive Index Fluctuations in the Atmosphere / 9.1：

Point-Spread Functions / 9.2：

Average Optical Transfer Functions / 9.3：

Statistical Properties of the Short-Exposure OTF and MTF / 9.4：

Astronomical Speckle Interferometry / 9.5：

Object Information that Is Retrievable / 9.5.1：

Results of a More Complete Analysis / 9.5.2：

The Cross-Spectrum or Knox-Thompson Technique / 9.6：

The Cross-Spectrum Transfer Function / 9.6.1：

Recovering Full Object Information from the Cross-Spectrum / 9.6.2：

The Bispectrum Technique / 9.7：

The Bispectrum Transfer Function / 9.7.1：

Recovering Full Object Information from the Bispectrum / 9.7.2：

Speckle Correlography / 9.8：

Linear Transformations of Speckle Fields / A：

Contrast of Partially Developed Speckle / B：

Statistics of Derivatives of Speckle / C：

The Correlation Matrix / C.1：

Joint Density Function of the Derivatives of Phase / C.2：

Joint Density Function of the Derivatives of Intensity / C.3：

Wavelength and Angle Dependence / D：

Free-Space Geometry / D.1：

Speckle Contrast with a Projected Diffuser / D.2：

Random Phase Diffusers / E.1：

Diffuser that Just Fills the Projection Optics / E.2：

Diffuser that Overfills the Projection Optics / E.3：

Sample Mathematica Programs for Simulating Speckle / F：

Speckle Simulation With Free Space Propagation / G.1：

Speckle Simulation With an Imaging Geometry / G.2：

Bibliography

Index

Preface

Origins and Manifestations of Speckle / 1：

General Background / 1.1：

Intuitive Explanation of the Cause of Speckle / 1.2：

Some Mathematical Preliminaries / 1.3：

Random Phasor Sums / 2：

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