Preface |
Annotation List |
Introduction / 1: |
Historical Perspective / 1.1: |
Evolution Periods and Milestones / 1.2: |
Early Times 1987-1992 / 1.2.1: |
Exploration and Expansion 1993-1999 / 1.2.2: |
Cantilever Tip Dynamics 2000-2006 / 1.2.3: |
Multifrequency AFM 2007 to Present / 1.2.4: |
Tapping Mode or Amplitude Modulation Force Microscopy? / 1.3: |
Other Dynamic APM Methods / 1.4: |
Frequency Modulation AFM / 1.4.1: |
Amplitude Modulation versus Frequency Modulation AFM / 1.4.2: |
Instrumental and Conceptual Aspects / 2: |
Amplitude Modulation AFM / 2.1: |
Elements of an Amplitude Modulation AFM / 2.3: |
Feedback Controller / 2.3.1: |
Optical Beam Deflection / 2.3.2: |
Other Detection Methods / 2.3.3: |
Tip Sample Motion System / 2.3.4: |
Imaging Acquisition and Display / 2.3.5: |
Cantilever-Tip System / 2.4: |
Cantilevers / 2.4.1: |
Tips / 2.4.2: |
Excitation of Cantilever-Tip Oscillations / 2.4.3: |
Calibration Protocols / 2.5: |
Optical Sensitivity / 2.5.1: |
Calibration of the Cantilever Force Constant / 2.5.2: |
Thermal Noise Method / 2.5.2.1: |
Sader Method / 2.5.2.2: |
Common Experimental Curves / 2.6: |
Resonance Curves in Air and liquids / 2.6.1: |
Amplitude and Phase Shift Distance Curves / 2.6.2: |
Displacements and Distances / 2.7: |
Tip-Surface Interaction Forces / 3: |
Van der Waals Forces / 3.1: |
Contact Mechanics Forces / 3.3: |
Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov Model / 3.3.1: |
Johnson-Kendall-Roberts Model / 3.3.2: |
Capillary Force / 3.4: |
Forces in Liquid / 3.5: |
Electrostatic Double-Layer Force / 3.5.1: |
Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek Forces / 3.5.2: |
Solvation Forces / 3.5.3: |
Other Forces in Aqueous Solutions / 3.5.4: |
Electrostatic Forces / 3.6: |
Nonconservative Forces / 3.7: |
Net Tip-Surface Force / 3.8: |
Tip-Surface Force for a Stiff Material with Surface Adhesion Hysteresis / 3.8.1: |
Tip-Surface Force for a Viscoelastic Material / 3.8.2: |
Theory of Amplitude Modulation AFM / 4: |
Equation of Motion / 4.1: |
The Point-Mass Model: Elemental Aspects / 4.3: |
The Harmonic Oscillator / 4.3.1: |
Dynamics of a Weakly Perturbed Harmonic Oscillator / 4.3.2: |
The Point-Mass Model: Analytical Approximations / 4.4: |
Perturbed Harmonic Oscillator / 4.4.1: |
Wang Model / 4.4.2: |
Virial Dissipation Method / 4.4.3: |
Peak and Average Forces / 4.5: |
Peak Forces / 4.5.1: |
Average Forces / 4.5.2: |
The Point-Mass Model: Numerical Solutions / 4.6: |
Attractive and Repulsive Interaction Regimes / 4.6.1: |
Driving the Cantilever Below Resonance / 4.6.2: |
The Effective Model / 4.7: |
Appendix: The Runge-Kutta Algorithm |
Advanced Theory of Amplitude Modulation AFM / 5: |
Q-Control / 5.1: |
Nonlinear Dynamics / 5.3: |
Continuous Cantilever Beam Model / 5.4: |
One-Dimensional Model / 5.4.1: |
Equivalence between Point-Mass and Continuous Models / 5.5: |
Systems Theory Description / 5.6: |
Force Reconstruction Methods: Force versus Distance / 5.7: |
Lee-Jhe Method / 5.7.1: |
Hölscher Method / 5.7.2: |
Time-Resolved Force / 5.8: |
Acceleration / 5.8.1: |
Higher Harmonics Method / 5.8.2: |
Direct Time-Resolved Force Measurements / 5.8.3: |
Amplitude Modulation AFM in Liquid / 6: |
Qualitative Aspects of the Cantilever Dynamics in Liquid / 6.1: |
Dynamics Far from the Surface / 6.2.1: |
Dynamics Close to the Surface / 6.2.2: |
Interaction Forces in Liquid / 6.3: |
Some Experimental and Conceptual Considerations / 6.4: |
Theoretical Descriptions of Dynamic AFM in Liquid / 6.5: |
Analytical Descriptions: Far from the Surface / 6.5.1: |
Analytical and Numerical Descriptions in the Presence of Tip-Surface Forces / 6.5.2: |
Semianalytical Models / 6.5.3: |
Finite Element Simulations / 6.5.4: |
Phase Imaging Atomic Force Microscopy / 7: |
Theory of Phase Imaging AFM / 7.1: |
Phase Imaging Atomic AFM: High Q / 7.3.1: |
Phase Imaging AFM: Low Q / 7.3.2: |
Energy Dissipation Measurements at the Nanoscale / 7.4: |
Energy Dissipation and Observables / 7.4.1: |
Identification of Energy Dissipation Processes / 7.4.2: |
Atomic and Nanoscale Dissipation Processes / 7.4.3: |
Resolution, Noise, and Sensitivity / 8: |
Spatial Resolution / 8.1: |
Vertical Resolution and Noise / 8.2.1: |
Lateral Resolution / 8.2.2: |
Image Distortion and Surface Reconstruction / 8.3: |
Force-Induced Surface Deformations / 8.4: |
Atomic, Molecular, and Subnanometer Lateral Resolution / 8.5: |
True Resolution / 8.5.1: |
High-Resolution Imaging of Isolated Molecules / 8.6: |
Conditions for High-Resolution Imaging / 8.7: |
Image Artifacts / 8.8: |
Multifrequency Atomic Force Microscopy / 9: |
Normal Modes and Harmonics / 9.1: |
Generation of Higher Harmonics / 9.2.1: |
Coupling Eigenmodes and Harmonics / 9.2.2: |
Imaging Beyond the Fundamental Mode / 9.2.3: |
Bimodal AFM / 9.3: |
Intermodulation Frequencies / 9.3.1: |
Mode-Synthesizing Atomic Force Microscopy / 9.4: |
Torsional Harmonic AFM / 9.5: |
Band Excitation / 9.6: |
Beyond Topographic Imaging / 10: |
Scattering Near Field Optical Microscopy / 10.1: |
Topography and Recognition Imaging / 10.3: |
Tip Functionalization / 10.3.1: |
Nanofabrication by AFM / 10.4: |
AFM Oxidation Nanolithography / 10.4.1: |
Patterning and Devices / 10.4.2: |
References |
Index |
Preface |
Annotation List |
Introduction / 1: |
Historical Perspective / 1.1: |
Evolution Periods and Milestones / 1.2: |
Early Times 1987-1992 / 1.2.1: |