Preface |
Introduction to Metal-Air Batteries: Theory and Basic Principles / Zhiwen Chang and Xin-bo Zhang1: |
Li-O2 Battery / 1.1: |
Sodium-O2 Battery / 1.2: |
References |
Stabilization of Lithium-Metal Anode in Rechargeable Lithium-Air Batteries / Bin Liu and Wu Xu and Ji-Guang Zhang2: |
Introduction / 2.1: |
Recent Progresses in Li Metal Protection for Li-O2 Batteries / 2.2: |
Design of Composite Protective Layers / 2.2.1: |
New Insights on the Use of Electrolyte / 2.2.2: |
Functional Separators / 2.2.3: |
Solid-State Electrolytes / 2.2.4: |
Alternative Anodes / 2.2.5: |
Challenges and Perspectives / 2.3: |
Acknowledgment |
Li-Air Batteries: Discharge Products / Xuanxuan Bi and Rongyue Wang and Jun Lu3: |
Discharge Products in Aprotic Li-O2 Batteries / 3.1: |
Peroxide-based Li-O2 Batteries / 3.2.1: |
Electrochemical Reactions / 3.2.1.1: |
Crystalline and Electronic Band Structure of Li2O2 / 3.2.1.2: |
Reaction Mechanism and the Coexistence of Li2O2 and LiO2 / 3.2.1.3: |
Super oxide-based Li-02 Batteries / 3.2.2: |
Problems and Challenges in Aprotic Li-O2 Batteries / 3.2.3: |
Decomposition of the Electrolyte / 3.2.3.1: |
Degradation of the Carbon Cathode / 3.2.3.2: |
Discharge Products in Li-Air Batteries / 3.3: |
Challenges to Exchanging O2 to Air / 3.3.1: |
Effect of Water on Discharge Products / 3.3.2: |
Effect of Small Amount of Water / 3.3.2.1: |
Aqueous Li-O2 Batteries / 3.3.2.2: |
Effect of C02 on Discharge Products / 3.3.3: |
Current Li-Air Batteries and Perspectives / 3.3.4: |
Electrolytes for Li-O2 Batteries / Alex R. Neale and Peter Goodrich and Christopher Hardacre and Johan Jacquemin4: |
General Li-O2 Battery Electrolyte Requirements and Considerations / 4.1: |
Electrolyte Salts / 4.1.1: |
Ethers and Glymes / 4.1.2: |
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) and Sulfones / 4.1.3: |
Nitriles / 4.1.4: |
Amides / 4.1.5: |
Ionic Liquids / 4.1.6: |
Future Outlook / 4.1.7: |
Li-Oxygen Battery: Parasitic Reactions / Xiahui Yao and Qi Dong and Qingmei Cheng and Dunwei Wang5: |
The Desired and Parasitic Chemical Reactions for Li-Oxygen Batteries / 5.1: |
Parasitic Reactions of the Electrolyte / 5.2: |
Nucleophilic Attack / 5.2.1: |
Autoxidation Reaction / 5.2.2: |
Acid-Base Reaction / 5.2.3: |
Proton-mediated Parasitic Reaction / 5.2.4: |
Additional Parasitic Chemical Reactions of the Electrolyte: Reduction Reaction / 5.2.5: |
Parasitic Reactions at the Cathode / 5.3: |
The Corrosion of Carbon in the Discharge Process / 5.3.1: |
The Corrosion of Carbon in the Recharge Process / 5.3.2: |
Catalyst-induced Parasitic Chemical Reactions / 5.3.3: |
Alternative Cathode Materials and Corresponding Parasitic Chemistries / 5.3.4: |
Additives and Binders / 5.3.5: |
Contaminations / 5.3.6: |
Parasitic Reactions on the Anode / 5.4: |
Corrosion of the Li Metal / 5.4.1: |
SEI in the Oxygenated Atmosphere / 5.4.2: |
Alternative Anodes and Associated Parasitic Chemistries / 5.4.3: |
New Opportunities from the Parasitic Reactions / 5.5: |
Summary and Outlook / 5.6: |
Li-Air Battery: Electrocatalysts / 6: |
Types of ELectrocatalyst / 6.1: |
Carbonaceous Materials / 6.2.1: |
Commercial Carbon Powders / 6.2.1.1: |
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) / 6.2.1.2: |
Graphene / 6.2.1.3: |
Doped Carbonaceous Material / 6.2.1.4: |
Noble Metal and Metal Oxides / 6.2.2: |
Transition Metal Oxides / 6.2.3: |
Perovskite Catalyst / 6.2.3.1: |
Redox Mediator / 6.2.3.2: |
Research of Catalyst / 6.3: |
Reaction Mechanism / 6.4: |
Summary / 6.5: |
Lithium-Air Battery Mediator / Zhuojion Liang and Guangtao Cong and Yu Wang and Yi-Chun Lu7: |
Redox Mediators in Lithium Batteries / 7.1: |
Redox Mediators in Li-Air Batteries / 7.1.1: |
Redox Mediators in Li-ion and Lithium-flow Batteries / 7.1.2: |
Overcharge Protection in Li-ion Batteries / 7.1.2.1: |
Redox Targeting Reactions in Lithium-flow Batteries / 7.1.2.2: |
Selection Criteria and Evaluation of Redox Mediators for Li-O2 Batteries / 7.2: |
Redox Potential / 7.2.1: |
Stability / 7.2.2: |
Reaction Kinetics and Mass Transport Properties / 7.2.3: |
Catalytic Shuttle vs Parasitic Shuttle / 7.2.4: |
Charge Mediators / 7.3: |
Lil (Lithium Iodide) / 7.3.1: |
LiBr (Lithium Bromide) / 7.3.2: |
Nitroxides: TEMPO (2,2,6,6-TetramethyIpiperidinyioxyl) and Others / 7.3.3: |
TTF (Tetrathiafulvalene) / 7.3.4: |
Tris[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]amine (TDPA) / 7.3.5: |
Comparison of the Reported Charge Mediators / 7.3.6: |
Discharge Mediator / 7.4: |
Iron Phthalocyanine (FePc) / 7.4.1: |
2,5-Di-tert'butyl-l,4-benzoquinone (DBBQ) / 7.4.2: |
Conclusion and Perspective / 7.5: |
Spatiotemporal Operando X-ray Diffraction Study on Li-Air Battery / Di-Jia Liu and Jiang-Lan Shui8: |
Microfocused X-ray Diffraction (¿-XRD) and Li-O2 Cell Experimental Setup / 8.1: |
Study on Anode: Limited Reversibility of Lithium in Rechargeable LAB / 8.2: |
Study on Separator: Impact of Precipitates to LAB Performance / 8.3: |
Study on Cathode: Spatiotemporal Growth of Li2O2 During Redox Reaction / 8.4: |
Metal-Air Battery: In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Techniquesx / lain M. Aldous and Laurence J. Hardwick and Richard J. Nichols and J. Padmanabhan Vivek9: |
Raman Spectroscopy / 9.1: |
In Situ Raman Spectroscopy for Metal-O2 Batteries / 9.1.1: |
Background Theory / 9.1.2: |
Practical Considerations / 9.1.3: |
Electrochemical Roughening / 9.1.3.1: |
Addressing Inhomogeneous SERS Enhancement / 9.1.3.2: |
In Situ Raman Setup / 9.1.4: |
Determination of Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reaction Mechanisms Within Metal-O2 Batteries / 9.1.5: |
Infrared Spectroscopy / 9.2: |
Background / 9.2.1: |
IR Studies of Electrochemical Interfaces / 9.2.2: |
Infrared Spectroscopy for Metal-O2 Battery Studies / 9.2.3: |
UV/Visible Spectroscopic Studies / 9.3: |
UV/Vis Spectroscopy / 9.3.1: |
UV/Vis Spectroscopy for Metal-O2 Battery Studies / 9.3.2: |
Electron Spin Resonance / 9.4: |
Cell Setup / 9.4.1: |
Deployment of Electrochemical ESR in Battery Research / 9.4.2: |
Zn-Air Batteries / Tong wen Yu and Rui Cai and Zhongwei Chen9.5: |
Zinc Electrode / 10.1: |
Electrolyte / 10.3: |
Separator / 10.4: |
Air Electrode / 10.5: |
Structure of Air Electrode / 10.5.1: |
Oxygen Reduction Reaction / 10.5.2: |
Oxygen Evolution Reaction / 10.5.3: |
Electrocatalyst / 10.5.4: |
Noble Metals and Alloys / 10.5.4.1: |
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials / 10.5.4.2: |
Meta-free Materials / 10.5.4.4: |
Conclusions and Outlook / 10.6: |
Experimental and Computational investigation of Nonaqueous Mg/O2 Batteries / Jeffrey G. Smith and Güiin Vardar and Charles W. Monroe and Donald J. Siegel11: |
Experimental Studies of Magnesium/Air Batteries and Electrolytes / 11.1: |
Ionic Liquids as Candidate Electrolytes for Mg/O2 Batteries / 11.2.1: |
Modified Grignard Electrolytes for Mg/O2 Batteries / 11.2.2: |
All-inorganic Electrolytes for Mg/O2 Batteries / 11.2.3: |
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy / 11.2.4: |
Computational Studies of Mg/O2 Batteries / 11.3: |
Calculation of Thermodynamic Overpotentials / 11.3.1: |
Charge Transport in Mg/O2 Discharge Products / 11.3.2: |
Concluding Remarks / 11.4: |
Novel Methodologies to Model Charge Transport In Metal-Air Batteries / Nicoiai Rask Mathiesen and Marko Melander and Mikael Kuisma and Pablo García-Fernandez and Juan Maria García Lastra12: |
Modeling Electrochemical Systems with GPAW / 12.1: |
Density Functional Theory / 12.2.1: |
Conductivity from DFT Data / 12.2.2: |
The GPAW Code / 12.2.3: |
Charge Transfer Rates with Constrained DFT / 12.2.4: |
Marcus Theory of Charge Transfer / 12.2.4.1: |
Constrained DFT / 12.2.4.2: |
Polaronic Charge Transport at the Cathode / 12.2.4.3: |
Electrochemistry at Solid-Liquid Interfaces / 12.2.5: |
Modeling the Electrochemical Interface / 12.2.5.1: |
Implicit Solvation at the Electrochemical Interface / 12.2.5.2: |
Generalized Poisson-Boltzmann Equation for the Electric Double Layer / 12.2.5.3: |
A Electrode Potential Within the Poisson-Boltzmann Model |
Calculations at Constant Electrode Potential / 12.2.6: |
The Need for a Constant Potential Presentation / 12.2.6.1: |
Grand Canonical Ensemble for Electrons / 12.2.6.2: |
Fictitious Charge Dynamics / 12.2.6.3: |
Model in Practice / 12.2.6.4: |
Conclusions / 12.2.7: |
Second Principles for Material Modeling / 12.3: |
The Energy in SP-DET / 12.3.1: |
The Lattice Term (E(0)) / 12.3.2: |
Electronic Degrees of Freedom / 12.3.3: |
Model Construction / 12.3.4: |
Perspectives on SP-DFT / 12.3.5: |
Acknowledgments |
Flexible Metal-Air Batteries / Huisheng Peng and Yifan Xu and Jian Pan and Yang Zhao and Lie Wang and Xiang Shi13: |
Flexible Electrolytes / 13.1: |
Aqueous Electrolytes / 13.2.1: |
PAA-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.1.1: |
PEO-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.1.2: |
PVA-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.1.3: |
Nonaqueous Electrolytes / 13.2.2: |
PEO-based Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.2.1: |
PVDF-HFP-based Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.2.2: |
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte / 13.2.2.3: |
Flexible Anodes / 13.3: |
Flexible Cathodes / 13.4: |
Modified Stainless Steel Mesh / 13.4.1: |
Modified Carbon Textile / 13.4.2: |
Carbon Nanotube / 13.4.3: |
Graphene-based Cathode / 13.4.4: |
Other Composite Electrode / 13.4.5: |
Prototype Devices / 13.5: |
Sandwich Structure / 13.5.1: |
Fiber Structure / 13.5.2: |
Perspectives on the Development of Metal-Air Batteries / 13.6: |
Lithium Anode / 14.1: |
Cathode / 14.1.2: |
The Reaction Mechanisms / 14.1.4: |
The Development of Solid-state Li-O2 Battery / 14.1.5: |
The Development of Flexible Li-O2 Battery / 14.1.6: |
Na-O2 Battery / 14.2: |
Zn-air Battery / 14.3: |
Index |
Preface |
Introduction to Metal-Air Batteries: Theory and Basic Principles / Zhiwen Chang and Xin-bo Zhang1: |
Li-O2 Battery / 1.1: |
Sodium-O2 Battery / 1.2: |
References |
Stabilization of Lithium-Metal Anode in Rechargeable Lithium-Air Batteries / Bin Liu and Wu Xu and Ji-Guang Zhang2: |