Fundamentals and processes

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Fundamentals and processes / Detlev Möller

版:: 3rd, completely revised and extended ed
資料種別:: 図書
出版情報:: Berlin : Walter de Gruyter, c2019
形態:: xxviii, 619 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名:: Chemistry of the climate system ; v. 1 <BB29133390>
著者名:: Möller, Detlev, 1947- <DA12371043>
ISBN:: 9783110559750 [3110559757]
書誌ID:: BB29134564

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その他の標題:

Chemistry of the climate system

注記:

Includes bibliographical references (p. 539-593) and index

主題:

Atmospheric chemistry; Meteorology

言語:

英語

目次情報:

Preface to the first edition

Author's preface to the third edition

Author's preface to the second edition

Prologue

List of principal symbols

Introduction / 1：

Chemistry and the climate system / 1.1：

Air and atmosphere: a multiphase and multicomponent system / 1.2：

Principles of chemistry in the climate system / 1.3：

Substances in climate system / 1.4：

Fundamentals of physics in the climate system / 2：

Meteorological basics / 2.1：

Scaling and structure of the atmosphere / 2.1.1：

Meteorological elements / 2.1.2：

Air pressure / 2.1.2.1：

Air temperature / 2.1.2.2：

Air humidity / 2.1.2.3：

Hydrometeors / 2.1.3：

Clouds / 2.1.3.1：

Fog, mist, and haze / 2.1.3.2：

Precipitation / 2.1.3.3：

Dew, frost, rime, and interception / 2.1.4：

Clirnatologtcai basics / 2.2：

Climate / 2.2.1：

Climate system / 2.2.2：

Chemical climate / 2.2.3：

Optics of the atmosphere: Radiation / 2.3：

Solar radiation / 2.3.1：

The Sun and its radiation output / 2.3.1.1：

Solar radiation transfer through the atmosphere / 2.3.1.2：

Absorption and emission of light / 2.3.2：

Absorption (Lambert-Beer law) / 2.3.2.1：

Emission (Planck's law and Stefan-Boltzmann law) / 2.3.2.2：

Terrestrial radiation and radiation budget / 2.3.3：

Atmospheric dynamics / 2.4：

Fluid characteristics / 2.4.1：

Effective atmospheric forces / 2.4.1.1：

Atmospheric flow: Laminar and turbulent / 2.4.1.2：

Fluid characteristics: Wind speed and direction / 2.4.1.3：

Properties of gases: The ideal gas / 2.5：

Gas laws / 2.5.1：

Mean free path and number of collisions between molecules / 2.5.2：

Viscosity / 2.5.3：

Diffusion / 2.5.4：

Atmospheric removal: Deposition processes / 2.6：

Dry deposition / 2.6.1：

Wet deposition / 2.6.2：

Characteristic times; Residence time, lifetime, and turnover time / 2.7：

Fundamentals of physicochemistry in the climate system / 3：

Chemical thermodynamics / 3.1：

First law of thermodynamics and its applications / 3.1.1：

Internal energy / 3.1.1.1：

Molar heat capacity / 3.1.1.2：

Thermochemistry: Heat of chemical reaction / 3.1.1.3：

Second law of thermodynamics and its applications / 3.1.2：

Entropy and reversibility / 3.1.2.1：

Thermodynamic potential: Gibbs-Helmholtz equation / 3.1.2.2：

Chemical potential / 3.1.2.3：

Chemical potential in real mixtures: Activity / 3.1.2.4：

Equilibrium / 3.2：

Chemical equilibrium: The mass action law / 3.2.1：

Phase equilibrium / 3.2.2：

Gas-liquid equilibrium: Evaporation and condensation / 3.2.2.1：

Gas-liquid equilibrium: Special case of droplets (Kelvin equation) / 3.2.2.2：

Absorption of gases in water: Henry's law / 3.2.2.3：

Solubility equilibrium: Solid-aqueous equilibrium / 3.2.2.4：

Adsorption and desorption / 3.2.2.5：

Steady state / 3.3：

Water: Physical and chemical properties / 3.4：

Water structure: Hydrogen bond / 3.4.1：

Water as solvent / 3.4.2：

Water vapor / 3.4.3：

Water properties in relation to the climate system / 3.4.4：

Properties of solutions and droplets / 3.5：

Surface tension and surface-active substances / 3.5.1：

Vapor pressure lowering: Raoult's law / 3.5.2：

Freezing point depression / 3.5.3：

Diffusion in solution / 3.5.4：

Heterogeneous processes: Multiphase chemistry in the climate system / 3.6：

Aerosols, clouds, and precipitation: The climate multiphase system / 3.6.1：

Gas-to-particle formation: Homogeneous formation of CCNs / 3.6.2：

Classical nucleation theory / 3.6.2.1：

Formation of secondary organic aerosols / 3.6.2.2：

Atmospheric aerosols and the properties of aerosol particles / 3.6.3：

Formation of cloud droplets: Heterogeneous nucleation / 3.6.4：

Scavenging: Acommodation, adsorption, and reaction (mass transfer) / 3.6.5：

Mass transfer: General remarks / 3.6.5.1：

Adsorption / 3.6.5.2：

Surface chemistry: Kinetics of heterogeneous chemical reactions / 3.6.5.3：

Mass transfer into droplets with chemical reaction / 3.6.5.4：

Fundamentals of chemistry in the climate system / 4：

State of matter / 4.1：

Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, and substances / 4.1.1：

Pure substances and mixtures / 4.1.2：

Radicals, groups, and nomenclature / 4.1.3：

Units for chemical abundance: Concentrations and mixing ratios / 4.1.4：

Theory of chemical reactions / 4.2：

Chemical bonding / 4.2.1：

Types of chemical reactions / 4.2.2：

Chemical kinetics: Reaction rate constant / 4.2.3：

Catalysis / 4.3：

Electrochemistry / 4.4：

Electrolytic dissociation / 4.4.1：

Acids, bases, and the ionic product of water / 4.4.1.1：

pH value / 4.4.1.2：

Hydrolysis of salts and oxides / 4.4.1.3：

Buffer solutions / 4.4.1.4：

Complex ions / 4.4.1.5：

The CO₂-carbonate system / 4.4.1.6：

Oxidation-reduction reaction (redox process) / 4.4.2：

Hydrated electron: A fundamental species / 4.4.3：

Photochemistry / 4.5：

Photoexcitation: Electronic states / 4.5.1：

Photodissociation: Photolysis rate coefficient / 4.5.2：

Photocatalysis: Photosensitization and autoxidation / 4.5.3：

Environmental relevance of acidity / 4.6：

Atmospheric acidity / 4.6.1：

pH averaging / 4.6.2：

Isotopes in atmospheric chemistry and geochemistry / 4.7：

Substaces and chemical reactions in the climate system / 5：

Hydrogen / 5.1：

Natural occurrence / 5.1.1：

Compounds of hydrogen / 5.1.2：

Chemistry / 5.1.3：

Oxygen / 5.2：

Oxygen, dioxygen, and ozone: O, O₂, and O₃ / 5.2.1：

Reactive oxygen species I: OH, HO₂, and H₂O₂ (H_xO_y species) / 5.2.3：

Atmosphere, free of trace species / 5.2.3.1：

Atmosphere with trace species / 5.2.3.2：

Reactive oxygen species II: RO, RO₂, and ROOH / 5.2.4：

Aqueous-phase oxygen chemistry / 5.2.5：

Water chemistry / 5.2.5.1：

Dioxygen and superoxide ion chemistry / 5.2.5.2：

Hydrogen peroxide chemistry / 5.2.5.3：

Ozone and hydroxyl radical chemistry / 5.2.5.4：

Hydrogen polyoxides / 5.2.5.5：

Multiphase oxygen chemistry / 5.2.6：

Hydrogen peroxide / 5.2.6.1：

Ozone / 5.2.6.2：

Stratospheric oxygen chemistry / 5.2.7：

Nitrogen / 5.3：

Natural occurrence and sources / 5.3.1：

Thermal dissociation of dinitrogen (N₂) / 5.3.2：

Ammonia (NH₃) / 5.3.3：

Dinitrogen oxide (N₂O) / 5.3.4：

Inorganic nitrogen oxides and oxoacids (NO_y) / 5.3.5：

Gas-phase chemistry / 5.3.3.1：

Aqueous and interfacial chemistry / 5.3.5.2：

Organic nitrogen compounds / 5.3.6：

Amines, amides, and nitriles / 5.3.6.1：

Organic NO_x compounds / 5.3.6.2：

Sulfur / 5.4：

Reduced sulfur: H₂S, COS, CS₂, and DMS / 5.4.1：

Oxides and oxoacids: SO₂, H₂SO₃, SO₃, and H₂SO₄ / 5.4.3：

Gas-phase SO₂ oxidation / 5.4.3.1：

Aqueous-phase sulfur chemistry / 5.4.3.2：

Multiphase sulfur chemistry / 5.4.4：

Phosphorus / 5.5：

Carbon / 5.6：

Organic carbon and chemistry / 5.6.1：

Elemental carbon and soot / 5.6.2：

Inorganic C₁ chemistry: CO, CO₂, and H₂CO₃ / 5.6.3：

Aqueous chemistry / 5.6.3.1：

Hydrocarbon oxidation and organic radicals / 5.6.4：

Organic C₁ chemistry: CH₄, CH₃OH, HCHO, HCOOH / 5.6.5：

C₂ chemistry: C₂H₆, CH₃CHO, C₂H₅OH, CH₃COOH, and (COOH)₂

Alkenes, atkynes, and ketones / 5.6.6.1：

Aromatic compounds / 5.6.8：

Is the atmospheric fate of complex organic compounds predictable? / 5.6.9：

Halogens (Cl, Br, F, and I) / 5.7：

Chlorine in the environment / 5.7.1：

Formation of sea salt and chlorine degassing / 5.7.2：

Metals and metalloids / 5.7.3：

General remarks / 5.8.1：

Alkali and alkaline earth metals: Na, K, Mg, and Ca / 5.8.2：

Iron: Fe / 5.8.3：

Mercury: Hg / 5.8.4：

Cadmium: Cd / 5.8.5：

Lead: Pb / 5.8.6：

Arsenic: As / 5.8.7：

Silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) / 5.8.8：

Biogeochemistry and global cycling / 6：

The hydrosphere and the global water cycle / 6.1：

The hydrological cycle and the climate system / 6.1.1：

Soil water and groundwater; Chemical weathering / 6.1.2：

Surface water: Rivers and lakes / 6.1.3：

The oceans / 6.1.4：

Atmospheric waters (hydrometeors): Chemical composition / 6.1.5：

Fog / 6.1.5.1：

Rain (precipitation) / 6.1.5.3：

Biogeochemical cycling / 6.2：

Photosynthesis: Nonequilibrium redox processes / 6.2.1：

Primary production of carbon / 6.2.2：

Nitrogen cycling / 6.2.3：

Sulfur cycling / 6.2.4：

Natural sources of atmospheric substances / 6.3：

Source characteristics / 6.3.1：

Biological processes / 6.3.2：

Continental / 6.3.2.1：

Oceanic / 6.3.2.2：

Geogenic processes / 6.3.3：

Soil dust / 6.3.3.1：

Sea salt / 6.3.3.2：

Volcanism / 6.3.3.3：

Chemical processes / 6.3.4：

Lightning / 6.3.4.1：

Secondary atmospheric processes / 6.3.4.2：

List of acronyms and abbreviations used in this volume / A：

Quantities, units, and some useful numerical values / B：

References

Name Index

Subject Index

Preface to the first edition

Author's preface to the third edition

Author's preface to the second edition

Prologue

List of principal symbols

Introduction / 1：

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