Advanced signal integrity for high-speed digital designs /

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Advanced signal integrity for high-speed digital designs / / Stephen H. Hall, Howard L. Heck

資料種別:

電子ブック

出版情報:

Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley : IEEE, 〓2009

形態:

1 online resource (xvii, 660 pages)

著者名:

ISBN:

9780470423899 [0470423897] (: electronic bk)
9780470423882 [0470423889]
9780470423899 [0470423897]
9780470192351 [0470192356]

書誌ID:

EB00000722

フルテキスト

書誌詳細

注記:

Includes bibliographical references and index.
Signal integrity has become the key issue in most high-performance digital designs. Now, from the foremost experts in the field, this book leverages theory and techniques from non-related fields such as applied physics, communications, and microwave engineering and applies them to the field of high-speed digital design. This approach creates an optimal combination of theory and practice that is meaningful to practicing engineers and graduate students alike.

主題:

Digital electronics; Logic design; Signal integrity (Electronics); TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING--Electronics Digital; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING--Electronics Microelectronics

言語:

英語

目次情報:

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction: The importance of signal integrity. / Chapter 1：

Computing Power: Past and Future / 1.1：

The problem / 1.2：

The Basics / 1.3：

A new realm of bus design / 1.4：

Scope / 1.5：

Summary / 1.6：

References / 1.7：

Electromagnetic Fundamentals for Signal Integrity. / Chapter 2：

Introduction / 2.1：

MaxwellÃ†s Equations / 2.2：

Common Vector Operators / 2.3：

Wave Propagation / 2.4：

Electrostatics / 2.5：

Magnetostatics / 2.6：

Power Flow and the Poynting Vector / 2.7：

Reflections of Electromagnetic Waves / 2.8：

Problems / 2.9：

Ideal Transmission Line Fundamentals. / Chapter 3：

Transmission Line Structures / 3.1：

Wave propagation on loss free transmission lines / 3.2：

Transmission line properties / 3.3：

Transmission line parameters for the loss free case / 3.4：

Transmission line reflections / 3.5：

Time domain Reflectometry / 3.6：

Crosstalk. / 3.7：

Mutual Inductance and Capacitance / 4.1：

Coupled Wave Equations / 4.2：

Coupled Line Analysis / 4.3：

Modal Analysis / 4.4：

Crosstalk Minimization / 4.5：

Non-ideal conductor models for transmission lines. / 4.6：

Signals propagating in an unbounded conductive media / 5.1：

Classic conductor model for transmission lines / 5.2：

Surface Roughness / 5.3：

Transmission line parameters with a non-ideal conductor / 5.4：

Electrical properties of dielectrics. / 5.5：

Polarization of dielectrics / 6.1：

Classification of dielectric materials / 6.2：

Frequency dependent dielectric behavior / 6.3：

Properties of a physical dielectric model / 6.4：

The fiber-weave effect / 6.5：

Environmental variation in dielectric behavior / 6.6：

Transmission line parameters for lossy dielectrics and realistic conductors / 6.7：

Differential signaling. / 6.8：

Removal of common mode noise / 7.1：

Differential Crosstalk / 7.2：

Virtual reference plane / 7.3：

Propagation of Modal Voltages / 7.4：

Common terminology / 7.5：

Drawbacks of differential signaling / 7.6：

Mathematical Requirements of Physical Channels. / 7.7：

Frequency domain effects in time domain simulations / 8.1：

Requirements for a physical Channel / 8.2：

Network Analysis for Digital Engineers. / 8.3：

High frequency voltage and current waves / 9.1：

Network Theory / 9.2：

Properties of Physical S-parameters / 9.3：

Topics in High-Speed Channel Modeling. / 9.4：

Creating a physical transmission line mode / 10.1：

Non-Ideal Return Paths / 10.2：

Vias / 10.3：

I/O Circuits and Models. / 10.4：

Push-Pull Transmitters / 11.1：

CMOS Receivers / 11.3：

ESD Protection Circuits / 11.4：

On-Chip Termination / 11.5：

Bergeron Diagrams / 11.6：

Open Drain Transmitters / 11.7：

Differential Current Mode Transmitters / 11.8：

Low Swing/Differential Receivers / 11.9：

IBIS Models / 11.10：

Equalization. / 11.11：

Continuous Time Linear Equalizers / 12.1：

Discrete Linear Equalizers / 12.3：

Decision Feedback Equalization / 12.4：

Modeling and Budgeting of Timing Jitter and Noise. / 12.5：

The Eye Diagram / 13.1：

Bit Error Rate / 13.2：

Jitter Sources and Budgets / 13.3：

Noise Sources and Budgets / 13.4：

Peak Distortion Analysis Methods / 13.5：

System Analysis Using Response Surface Modeling. / 13.6：

Case Study: 10 Gb/s differential PCB interface / 14.1：

RSM Construction by Least Squares Fitting / 14.3：

Measures of Fit / 14.4：

Significance Testing / 14.5：

Confidence Intervals / 14.6：

Sensitivity Analysis and Design Optimization / 14.7：

Defect Rate Prediction Using Monte Carlo Simulation / 14.8：

Additional RSM Considerations / 14.9：

Useful formulae, identities, units and constants / 14.10：

4-port Conversions between T and S-parameters / Appendix B：

Critical values of the F-statistic / Appendix C：

Critical values of the t-statistic. / Appendix D：

Derivation of the internal inductance using the Hilbert Transform / Appendix E：

Introduction: The importance of signal integrity

Electromagnetic Fundamentals for Signal Integrity

Maxwell's Equations

Ideal Transmission Line Fundamentals

Crosstalk

Non-ideal conductor models for transmission lines

Electrical properties of dielectrics

Differential signaling

Mathematical Requirements of Physical Channels

Network Analysis for Digital Engineers

Topics in High-Speed Channel Modeling

I/O Circuits and Models

Equalization

Modeling and Budgeting of Timing Jitter and Noise

Introduction: The Importance of Signal Integrity / 13<$$$>：

The Problem

A New Realm of Bus Design

Scope of the Book

Maxwell's Equations / 2：

Vector / 2.2.1：

Dot Product / 2.2.2：

Cross Product / 2.2.3：

Vector and Scalar Fields / 2.2.4：

Flux / 2.2.5：

Gradient / 2.2.6：

Divergence / 2.2.7：

Curl / 2.2.8：

Wave Equation / 2.3.1：

Relation Between E and H and the Transverse Electromagnetic Mode / 2.3.2：

Time-Harmonic Fields / 2.3.3：

Propagation of Time-Harmonic Plane Waves / 2.3.4：

Electrostatic Scalar Potential in Terms of an Electric Field / 2.4.1：

Energy in an Electric Field / 2.4.2：

Capacitance / 2.4.3：

Energy Stored in a Capacitor / 2.4.4：

Magnetic Vector Potential / 2.5.1：

Inductance / 2.5.2：

Energy in a Magnetic Field / 2.5.3：

Time-Averaged Values / 2.6.1：

Plane Wave Incident on a Perfect Conductor / 2.7.1：

Plane Wave Incident on a Lossless Dielectric / 2.7.2：

Ideal Transmission-Line Fundamentals / 3：

Transmission-Line Structures

Wave Propagation on Loss-Free Transmission Lines

Electric and Magnetic Fields on a Transmission Line / 3.2.1：

Telegrapher's Equations / 3.2.2：

Equivalent Circuit for the Loss-Free Case / 3.2.3：

Wave Equation in Terms of LC / 3.2.4：

Transmission-Line Properties

Transmission-Line Phase Velocity / 3.3.1：

Transmission-Line Characteristic Impedance / 3.3.2：

Effective Dielectric Permittivity / 3.3.3：

Simple Formulas for Calculating the Characteristic Impedance / 3.3.4：

Validity of the TEM Approximation / 3.3.5：

Transmission-Line Parameters for the Loss-Free Case

Laplace and Poisson Equations / 3.4.1：

Transmission-Line Parameters for a Coaxial Line / 3.4.2：

Transmission-Line Parameters for a Microstrip / 3.4.3：

Charge Distribution Near a Conductor Edge / 3.4.4：

Charge Distribution and Transmission-Line Parameters / 3.4.5：

Field Mapping / 3.4.6：

Transmission-Line Reflections

Transmission-Line Reflection and Transmission Coefficient / 3.5.1：

Launching an Initial Wave / 3.5.2：

Multiple Reflections / 3.5.3：

Lattice Diagrams and Over- or Underdriven Transmission Lines / 3.5.4：

Lattice Diagrams for Nonideal Topologies / 3.5.5：

Effect of Rise and Fall Times on Reflections / 3.5.6：

Reflections from Reactive Loads / 3.5.7：

Time-Domain Reflectometry

Measuring the Characteristic Impedance and Delay of a Transmission Line / 3.6.1：

Measuring Inductance and Capacitance of Reactive Structures / 3.6.2：

Understanding the TDR Profile / 3.6.3：

Mutual Inductance / 4：

Mutual Capacitance / 4.1.2：

Field Solvers / 4.1.3：

Wave Equation Revisited / 4.2.1：

Impedance and Velocity / 4.2.2：

Coupled Noise / 4.3.2：

Modal Decomposition / 4.4.1：

Modal Impedance and Velocity / 4.4.2：

Reconstructing the Signal / 4.4.3：

Modal Analysis of Lossy Lines / 4.4.4：

Nonideal Conductor Models / 5：

Signals Propagating in Unbounded Conductive Media

Propagation Constant for Conductive Media / 5.1.1：

Skin Depth / 5.1.2：

Classic Conductor Model for Transmission Lines

Dc Losses in Conductors / 5.2.1：

Frequency-Dependent Resistance in Conductors / 5.2.2：

Frequency-Dependent Inductance / 5.2.3：

Power Loss in a Smooth Conductor / 5.2.4：

Hammerstad Model / 5.3.1：

Hemispherical Model / 5.3.2：

Huray Model / 5.3.3：

Conclusions / 5.3.4：

Transmission-Line Parameters for Nonideal Conductors

Equivalent Circuit, Impedance, and Propagation Constant / 5.4.1：

Telegrapher's Equations for a Real Conductor and a Perfect Dielectric / 5.4.2：

Electrical Properties of Dielectrics / 6：

Polarization of Dielectrics

Electronic Polarization / 6.1.1：

Orientational (Dipole) Polarization / 6.1.2：

Ionic (Molecular) Polarization / 6.1.3：

Relative Permittivity / 6.1.4：

Classification of Dielectric Materials

Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Behavior

Dc Dielectric Losses / 6.3.1：

Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Model: Single Pole / 6.3.2：

Anomalous Dispersion / 6.3.3：

Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Model: Multipole / 6.3.4：

Infinite-Pole Model / 6.3.5：

Properties of a Physical Dielectric Model

Relationship Between ?' and ?" / 6.4.1：

Mathematical Limits / 6.4.2：

Fiber-Weave Effect

Physical Structure of an FR4 Dielectric and Dielectric Constant Variation / 6.5.1：

Mitigation / 6.5.2：

Modeling the Fiber-Weave Effect / 6.5.3：

Environmental Variation in Dielectric Behavior

Environmental Effects on Transmission-Line Performance / 6.6.1：

Modeling the Effect of Relative Humidity on an FR4 Dielectric / 6.6.2：

Transmission-Line Parameters for Lossy Dielectrics and Realistic Conductors

Telegrapher's Equations for Realistic Conductors and Lossy Dielectrics / 6.7.1：

Differential Signaling / 7：

Removal of Common-Mode Noise

Virtual Reference Plane

Common Terminology

Drawbacks of Differential Signaling

Mode Conversion / 7.6.1：

Reference / 7.6.2：

Mathematical Requirements for Physical Channels / 8：

Frequency-Domain Effects in Time-Domain Simulations

Linear and Time Invariance / 8.1.1：

Time- and Frequency-Domain Equivalencies / 8.1.2：

Frequency Spectrum of a Digital Pulse / 8.1.3：

System Response / 8.1.4：

Single-Bit (Pulse) Response / 8.1.5：

Requirements for a Physical Channel

Causality / 8.2.1：

Passivity / 8.2.2：

Stability / 8.2.3：

High-Frequency Voltage and Current Waves / 9：

Input Reflection into a Terminated Network / 9.1.1：

Input Impedance / 9.1.2：

Impedance Matrix / 9.2.1：

Scattering Matrix / 9.2.2：

ABCD Parameters / 9.2.3：

Cascading S-Parameters / 9.2.4：

Calibration and Deembedding / 9.2.5：

Changing the Reference Impedance / 9.2.6：

Multimode S-Parameters / 9.2.7：

Properties of Physical S-Parameters

Reality / 9.3.1：

Subjective Examination of S-Parameters / 9.3.3：

Creating a Physical Transmission-Line Model / 10：

Tabular Approach / 10.1.1：

Generating a Tabular Dielectric Model / 10.1.2：

Generating a Tabular Conductor Model / 10.1.3：

NonIdeal Return Paths

Path of Least Impedance / 10.2.1：

Transmission Line Routed Over a Gap in the Reference Plane / 10.2.2：

Via Resonance / 10.2.3：

Plane Radiation Losses / 10.3.2：

Parallel-Plate Waveguide / 10.3.3：

I/O Design Considerations / 11：

Operation / 11.2.1：

Linear Models / 11.2.2：

Nonlinear Models / 11.2.3：

Advanced Design Considerations / 11.2.4：

CMOS receivers

Modeling / 11.3.1：

Theory and Method / 11.3.3：

Limitations / 11.6.2：

Open-Drain Transmitters

Differential Current-Mode Transmitters / 11.7.1：

Low-Swing and Differential Receivers / 11.8.1：

Model Structure and Development Process / 11.9.1：

Generating Model Data / 11.10.2：

Differential I/O Models / 11.10.3：

Example of an IBIS File / 11.10.4：

Analysis and Design Background / 12：

Maximum Data Transfer Capacity / 12.1.1：

Linear Time-Invariant Systems / 12.1.2：

Ideal Versus Practical Interconnects / 12.1.3：

Equalization Overview / 12.1.4：

Continuous-Time Linear Equalizers

Passive CTLEs / 12.2.1：

Active CTLEs / 12.2.2：

Transmitter Equalization / 12.3.1：

Coefficient Selection / 12.3.2：

Receiver Equalization / 12.3.3：

Nonidealities in DLEs / 12.3.4：

Adaptive Equalization / 12.3.5：

Eye Diagram / 13：

Worst-Case Analysis / 13.2.1：

Bit Error Rate Analysis / 13.2.2：

Jitter Types and Sources / 13.3.1：

System Jitter Budgets / 13.3.2：

Noise Sources / 13.4.1：

Noise Budgets / 13.4.2：

Superposition and the Pulse Response / 13.5.1：

Worst-Case Bit Patterns and Data Eyes / 13.5.2：

Peak Distortion Analysis Including Crosstalk / 13.5.3：

System Analysis Using Response Surface Modeling / 13.5.4：

Model Design Considerations

Case Study: 10-Gb/s Differential PCB Interface

Residuals / 14.4.1：

Fit Coefficients / 14.4.2：

Model Significance: The F-Test / 14.5.1：

Parameter Significance: Individual t-Tests / 14.5.2：

Useful Formulas, Identities, Units, and Constants

Four-Port Conversions Between T- and S-Parameters

Critical Values of the F-Statistic

Critical Values of the T-Statistic

Causal Relationship Between Skin Effect Resistance and Internal Inductance for Rough Conductors

Spice Level 3 Model for 0.25 ?m MOSIS Process / Appendix F：

Index

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction: The importance of signal integrity. / Chapter 1：

Computing Power: Past and Future / 1.1：

The problem / 1.2：

The Basics / 1.3：

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