Advanced Signal Integrity For High-Speed Digital Designs

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Advanced Signal Integrity For High-Speed Digital Designs / Stephen H. Hall, Howard L. Heck, Howard L. Heck

資料種別:

電子ブック

出版情報:

Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009

著者名:

ISBN:

9780470192351 [0470192356]
9781118210680 [1118210689]

書誌ID:

OB00446067

子書誌情報

フルテキスト

所蔵情報

書誌詳細

言語:

英語

目次情報:

Preface

Introduction: The Importance of Signal Integrity / 1：

Computing Power: Past and Future / 1.1：

The Problem / 1.2：

The Basics / 1.3：

A New Realm of Bus Design / 1.4：

Scope of the Book / 1.5：

Summary / 1.6：

References

Electromagnetic Fundamentals for Signal Integrity / 2：

Maxwell's Equations / 2.1：

Common Vector Operators / 2.2：

Vector / 2.2.1：

Dot Product / 2.2.2：

Cross Product / 2.2.3：

Vector and Scalar Fields / 2.2.4：

Flux / 2.2.5：

Gradient / 2.2.6：

Divergence / 2.2.7：

Curl / 2.2.8：

Wave Propagation / 2.3：

Wave Equation / 2.3.1：

Relation Between E and H and the Transverse Electromagnetic Mode / 2.3.2：

Time-Harmonic Fields / 2.3.3：

Propagation of Time-Harmonic Plane Waves / 2.3.4：

Electrostatics / 2.4：

Electrostatic Scalar Potential in Terms of an Electric Field / 2.4.1：

Energy in an Electric Field / 2.4.2：

Capacitance / 2.4.3：

Energy Stored in a Capacitor / 2.4.4：

Magnetostatics / 2.5：

Magnetic Vector Potential / 2.5.1：

Inductance / 2.5.2：

Energy in a Magnetic Field / 2.5.3：

Power Flow and the Poynting Vector / 2.6：

Time-Averaged Values / 2.6.1：

Reflections of Electromagnetic Waves / 2.7：

Plane Wave Incident on a Perfect Conductor / 2.7.1：

Plane Wave Incident on a Lossless Dielectric / 2.7.2：

Problems

Ideal Transmission-Line Fundamentals / 3：

Transmission-Line Structures / 3.1：

Wave Propagation on Loss-Free Transmission Lines / 3.2：

Electric and Magnetic Fields on a Transmission Line / 3.2.1：

Telegrapher's Equations / 3.2.2：

Equivalent Circuit for the Loss-Free Case / 3.2.3：

Wave Equation in Terms of LC / 3.2.4：

Transmission-Line Properties / 3.3：

Transmission-Line Phase Velocity / 3.3.1：

Transmission-Line Characteristic Impedance / 3.3.2：

Effective Dielectric Permittivity / 3.3.3：

Simple Formulas for Calculating the Characteristic Impedance / 3.3.4：

Validity of the TEM Approximation / 3.3.5：

Transmission-Line Parameters for the Loss-Free Case / 3.4：

Laplace and Poisson Equations / 3.4.1：

Transmission-Line Parameters for a Coaxial Line / 3.4.2：

Transmission-Line Parameters for a Microstrip / 3.4.3：

Charge Distribution Near a Conductor Edge / 3.4.4：

Charge Distribution and Transmission-Line Parameters / 3.4.5：

Field Mapping / 3.4.6：

Transmission-Line Reflections / 3.5：

Transmission-Line Reflection and Transmission Coefficient / 3.5.1：

Launching an Initial Wave / 3.5.2：

Multiple Reflections / 3.5.3：

Lattice Diagrams and Over- or Underdriven Transmission Lines / 3.5.4：

Lattice Diagrams for Nonideal Topologies / 3.5.5：

Effect of Rise and Fall Times on Reflections / 3.5.6：

Reflections from Reactive Loads / 3.5.7：

Time-Domain Reflectometry / 3.6：

Measuring the Characteristic Impedance and Delay of a Transmission Line / 3.6.1：

Measuring Inductance and Capacitance of Reactive Structures / 3.6.2：

Understanding the TDR Profile / 3.6.3：

Crosstalk / 4：

Mutual Inductance and Capacitance / 4.1：

Mutual Inductance / 4.1.1：

Mutual Capacitance / 4.1.2：

Field Solvers / 4.1.3：

Coupled Wave Equations / 4.2：

Wave Equation Revisited / 4.2.1：

Coupled Line Analysis / 4.2.2：

Impedance and Velocity / 4.3.1：

Coupled Noise / 4.3.2：

Modal Analysis / 4.4：

Modal Decomposition / 4.4.1：

Modal Impedance and Velocity / 4.4.2：

Reconstructing the Signal / 4.4.3：

Modal Analysis of Lossy Lines / 4.4.4：

Crosstalk Minimization / 4.5：

Nonideal Conductor Models / 4.6：

Signals Propagating in Unbounded Conductive Media / 5.1：

Propagation Constant for Conductive Media / 5.1.1：

Skin Depth / 5.1.2：

Classic Conductor Model for Transmission Lines / 5.2：

Dc Losses in Conductors / 5.2.1：

Frequency-Dependent Resistance in Conductors / 5.2.2：

Frequency-Dependent Inductance / 5.2.3：

Power Loss in a Smooth Conductor / 5.2.4：

Surface Roughness / 5.3：

Hammerstad Model / 5.3.1：

Hemispherical Model / 5.3.2：

Huray Model / 5.3.3：

Conclusions / 5.3.4：

Transmission-Line Parameters for Nonideal Conductors / 5.4：

Equivalent Circuit, Impedance, and Propagation Constant / 5.4.1：

Telegrapher's Equations for a Real Conductor and a Perfect Dielectric / 5.4.2：

Electrical Properties of Dielectrics / 6：

Polarization of Dielectrics / 6.1：

Electronic Polarization / 6.1.1：

Orientational (Dipole) Polarization / 6.1.2：

Ionic (Molecular) Polarization / 6.1.3：

Relative Permittivity / 6.1.4：

Classification of Dielectric Materials / 6.2：

Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Behavior / 6.3：

Dc Dielectric Losses / 6.3.1：

Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Model: Single Pole / 6.3.2：

Anomalous Dispersion / 6.3.3：

Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Model: Multipole / 6.3.4：

Infinite-Pole Model / 6.3.5：

Properties of a Physical Dielectric Model / 6.4：

Relationship Between ?' and ?" / 6.4.1：

Mathematical Limits / 6.4.2：

Fiber-Weave Effect / 6.5：

Physical Structure of an FR4 Dielectric and Dielectric Constant Variation / 6.5.1：

Mitigation / 6.5.2：

Modeling the Fiber-Weave Effect / 6.5.3：

Environmental Variation in Dielectric Behavior / 6.6：

Environmental Effects on Transmission-Line Performance / 6.6.1：

Modeling the Effect of Relative Humidity on an FR4 Dielectric / 6.6.2：

Transmission-Line Parameters for Lossy Dielectrics and Realistic Conductors / 6.7：

Telegrapher's Equations for Realistic Conductors and Lossy Dielectrics / 6.7.1：

Differential Signaling / 7：

Removal of Common-Mode Noise / 7.1：

Differential Crosstalk / 7.2：

Virtual Reference Plane / 7.3：

Propagation of Modal Voltages / 7.4：

Common Terminology / 7.5：

Drawbacks of Differential Signaling / 7.6：

Mode Conversion / 7.6.1：

Reference / 7.6.2：

Mathematical Requirements for Physical Channels / 8：

Frequency-Domain Effects in Time-Domain Simulations / 8.1：

Linear and Time Invariance / 8.1.1：

Time- and Frequency-Domain Equivalencies / 8.1.2：

Frequency Spectrum of a Digital Pulse / 8.1.3：

System Response / 8.1.4：

Single-Bit (Pulse) Response / 8.1.5：

Requirements for a Physical Channel / 8.2：

Causality / 8.2.1：

Passivity / 8.2.2：

Stability / 8.2.3：

Network Analysis for Digital Engineers / 9：

High-Frequency Voltage and Current Waves / 9.1：

Input Reflection into a Terminated Network / 9.1.1：

Input Impedance / 9.1.2：

Network Theory / 9.2：

Impedance Matrix / 9.2.1：

Scattering Matrix / 9.2.2：

ABCD Parameters / 9.2.3：

Cascading S-Parameters / 9.2.4：

Calibration and Deembedding / 9.2.5：

Changing the Reference Impedance / 9.2.6：

Multimode S-Parameters / 9.2.7：

Properties of Physical S-Parameters / 9.3：

Reality / 9.3.1：

Subjective Examination of S-Parameters / 9.3.3：

Topics in High-Speed Channel Modeling / 10：

Creating a Physical Transmission-Line Model / 10.1：

Tabular Approach / 10.1.1：

Generating a Tabular Dielectric Model / 10.1.2：

Generating a Tabular Conductor Model / 10.1.3：

NonIdeal Return Paths / 10.2：

Path of Least Impedance / 10.2.1：

Transmission Line Routed Over a Gap in the Reference Plane / 10.2.2：

Vias / 10.2.3：

Via Resonance / 10.3.1：

Plane Radiation Losses / 10.3.2：

Parallel-Plate Waveguide / 10.3.3：

I/O Circuits and Models / 11：

I/O Design Considerations / 11.1：

Push-Pull Transmitters / 11.2：

Operation / 11.2.1：

Linear Models / 11.2.2：

Nonlinear Models / 11.2.3：

Advanced Design Considerations / 11.2.4：

CMOS receivers / 11.3：

Modeling / 11.3.1：

ESD Protection Circuits / 11.3.3：

On-Chip Termination / 11.4.1：

Bergeron Diagrams / 11.5.1：

Theory and Method / 11.6.1：

Limitations / 11.6.2：

Open-Drain Transmitters / 11.7：

Differential Current-Mode Transmitters / 11.7.1：

Low-Swing and Differential Receivers / 11.8.1：

IBIS Models / 11.9.1：

Model Structure and Development Process / 11.10.1：

Generating Model Data / 11.10.2：

Differential I/O Models / 11.10.3：

Example of an IBIS File / 11.10.4：

Equalization / 11.11：

Analysis and Design Background / 12.1：

Maximum Data Transfer Capacity / 12.1.1：

Linear Time-Invariant Systems / 12.1.2：

Ideal Versus Practical Interconnects / 12.1.3：

Equalization Overview / 12.1.4：

Continuous-Time Linear Equalizers / 12.2：

Passive CTLEs / 12.2.1：

Active CTLEs / 12.2.2：

Discrete Linear Equalizers / 12.3：

Transmitter Equalization / 12.3.1：

Coefficient Selection / 12.3.2：

Receiver Equalization / 12.3.3：

Nonidealities in DLEs / 12.3.4：

Adaptive Equalization / 12.3.5：

Decision Feedback Equalization / 12.4：

Modeling and Budgeting of Timing Jitter and Noise / 12.5：

Eye Diagram / 13.1：

Bit Error Rate / 13.2：

Worst-Case Analysis / 13.2.1：

Bit Error Rate Analysis / 13.2.2：

Jitter Sources and Budgets / 13.3：

Jitter Types and Sources / 13.3.1：

System Jitter Budgets / 13.3.2：

Noise Sources and Budgets / 13.4：

Noise Sources / 13.4.1：

Noise Budgets / 13.4.2：

Peak Distortion Analysis Methods / 13.5：

Superposition and the Pulse Response / 13.5.1：

Worst-Case Bit Patterns and Data Eyes / 13.5.2：

Peak Distortion Analysis Including Crosstalk / 13.5.3：

System Analysis Using Response Surface Modeling / 13.5.4：

Model Design Considerations / 14.1：

Case Study: 10-Gb/s Differential PCB Interface / 14.2：

RSM Construction by Least Squares Fitting / 14.3：

Measures of Fit / 14.4：

Residuals / 14.4.1：

Fit Coefficients / 14.4.2：

Significance Testing / 14.5：

Model Significance: The F-Test / 14.5.1：

Parameter Significance: Individual t-Tests / 14.5.2：

Confidence Intervals / 14.6：

Sensitivity Analysis and Design Optimization / 14.7：

Defect Rate Prediction Using Monte Carlo Simulation / 14.8：

Additional RSM Considerations / 14.9：

Useful Formulas, Identities, Units, and Constants / 14.10：

Four-Port Conversions Between T- and S-Parameters / Appendix B：

Critical Values of the F-Statistic / Appendix C：

Critical Values of the T-Statistic / Appendix D：

Causal Relationship Between Skin Effect Resistance and Internal Inductance for Rough Conductors / Appendix E：

Spice Level 3 Model for 0.25 ?m MOSIS Process / Appendix F：

Index

Preface

Introduction: The Importance of Signal Integrity / 1：

Computing Power: Past and Future / 1.1：

The Problem / 1.2：

The Basics / 1.3：

A New Realm of Bus Design / 1.4：

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