Water on Earth, Properties of Water / 1: |
The Role of Water in History / 1.1: |
Water in Ancient Cultures / 1.1.1: |
Modern Society and Water / 1.1.2: |
The Chemical Elements Water Consists of / 1.2: |
Hydrogen / 1.2.1: |
Oxygen / 1.2.2: |
Water, Chemical and Physical Properties / 1.3: |
Chemical Properties / 1.3.1: |
Physical Properties of Water / 1.3.2: |
Evaporation and Condensation / 1.3.3: |
Ice / 1.3.4: |
Chemical Reactions and Water / 1.3.5: |
Chemical Bonds / 1.4.1: |
Acids and pH Value / 1.4.2: |
Hydrates, Water in Crystals / 1.4.3: |
Water: Spectral Signatures / 1.4.4: |
The Hydrologic Cycle / 1.5: |
Evaporation and Precipitation Balance / 1.5.1: |
The Hydrologic Cycle and Climate Change / 1.5.2: |
Life and Water / 2: |
Life and Environment / 2.1: |
The Importance of Water / 2.1.1: |
Definition of Life / 2.1.2: |
Evolution of Life / 2.1.3: |
Life Under Extreme Conditions / 2.1.4: |
Water and Other Solvents / 2.2: |
The Importance of Solvents to Life / 2.2.1: |
Other Solvents than Water / 2.2.2: |
Energy for Life / 2.3: |
Energy / 2.3.1: |
Metabolic Diversity / 2.3.2: |
Solar Energy / 2.3.3: |
Photosynthesis and Respiration / 2.3.4: |
Water on Planets and Dwarf Planets / 3: |
Classification of Objects in the Solar System / 3.1: |
Overview / 3.1.1: |
Physical Parameters of Planets / 3.1.2: |
Terrestrial Planets / 3.2: |
Earth / 3.2.1: |
Mercury / 3.2.2: |
Venus / 3.2.3: |
Mars / 3.2.4: |
The Early Sun and Evolution of Terrestrial Planets / 3.2.5: |
Dry Venus-Humid Earth-Climate Changes on Mars / 3.2.6: |
Giant Planets / 3.3: |
Jupiter / 3.3.1: |
Saturn / 3.3.2: |
Uranus / 3.3.3: |
Neptune / 3.3.4: |
Water on Giant Planets / 3.3.5: |
Dwarf Planets / 3.4: |
Pluto / 3.4.1: |
Ices on Other Dwarf Planets / 3.4.2: |
Satellites of Planets in the Solar System / 4: |
Galilean Satellites / 4.1: |
Io / 4.1.1: |
Europa / 4.1.2: |
Callisto / 4.1.3: |
Ganymede / 4.1.4: |
Satellites of Saturn / 4.2: |
Titan / 4.2.1: |
Other Satellites of Saturn / 4.2.3: |
Satellites of Uranus and Neptune / 4.3: |
The Satellites of Uranus / 4.3.1: |
The Satellites of Neptune / 4.3.2: |
The Earth Moon / 4.4: |
Water on the Moon? / 4.4.1: |
Water on Small Solar System Bodies / 5: |
Clouds of Particles / 5.1: |
The Kuiper Belt / 5.1.1: |
The Oort Cloud / 5.1.2: |
Comets / 5.2: |
Early Observations / 5.2.1: |
Orbital Characteristics of Comets / 5.2.2: |
Physics of Comets / 5.2.3: |
Collisions with Comets / 5.2.4: |
Detection of Water on Comets / 5.2.5: |
Asteroids / 5.3: |
General Properties / 5.3.1: |
Classification of Asteroids / 5.3.2: |
NEOs / 5.3.3: |
The Cretaceous-Tertiary Impact / 5.3.4: |
Water and Ice on Asteroids / 5.3.5: |
Asteroids as a Source for Water on Earth / 5.3.6: |
Meteorites / 5.4: |
Classification / 5.4.1: |
Water in Meteorites / 5.4.3: |
Water on Extrasolar Planets? / 6: |
How to Detect Extrasolar Planets / 6.1: |
Detection Methods / 6.1.1: |
Extrasolar Planets Found by Different Detection Methods / 6.1.2: |
Some Examples of Extrasolar Planets / 6.1.3: |
Habitable Zones / 6.2: |
Habitability / 6.2.1: |
Circumstellar Habitable Zones / 6.2.2: |
Galactic Habitable Zone / 6.2.3: |
Habitable Zone Around Giant Planets / 6.2.4: |
Dust Debris Around Stars / 6.3: |
Signatures of Dust Around Stars / 6.3.1: |
Dust Around Vega / 6.3.2: |
Water Detection on Extrasolar Planets / 6.4: |
Detection of Planetary Atmospheres / 6.4.1: |
Hot Jupiters / 6.4.2: |
Water on Extrasolar Planets / 6.4.3: |
Some Model Calculations / 6.4.4: |
Super Earth Planets / 6.4.5: |
Water in Interstellar Space and Stars / 7: |
Interstellar Medium / 7.1: |
Physical Properties / 7.1.1: |
Molecules in the Interstellar Medium / 7.1.2: |
Interstellar Dust Lifecycle / 7.1.3: |
Water Masers / 7.1.4: |
Water in Starforming Regions / 7.2: |
Clouds and Cloud Collapse / 7.2.1: |
Water Signatures in Protostars / 7.2.2: |
T Tauri Stars / 7.2.4: |
Water Signatures in Spectra of Late Type Stars and the Sun / 7.3: |
Late Type Stars and Water / 7.3.1: |
Water in Sunspots? / 7.3.2: |
Water in Galaxies / 7.4: |
The Milky Way Galaxy / 7.4.1: |
Water in the Galaxy? / 7.4.2: |
Galaxy Clusters / 7.4.3: |
IR-Galaxies / 7.4.5: |
Water Masers in Nearby Galaxies / 7.4.6: |
Mega-Masers / 7.4.7: |
Water-Where Does It Come from? / 8: |
The Evolution of the Universe / 8.1: |
An Expanding Universe / 8.1.1: |
Radiation from the Early Universe / 8.1.2: |
Abundance of Elements / 8.1.3: |
No Water in the Early Universe / 8.1.4: |
Stellar Evolution / 8.2: |
Red Giants / 8.2.1: |
The Asymptotic Giant Branch / 8.2.2: |
A Carbon Flash? / 8.2.3: |
Post AGB Evolution / 8.2.4: |
Elements Heavier than He / 8.2.5: |
The Ultimate Fate of a Low Massive Star: White Dwarfs / 8.2.6: |
Massive Stars / 8.3: |
Main Sequence Evolution of Massive Stars / 8.3.1: |
Supernova Explosion / 8.3.2: |
Stellar Populations / 8.3.3: |
Appendix / 9: |
How to Detect Water / 9.1: |
Transparency of the Earth's Atmosphere / 9.1.1: |
In Situ Measurements / 9.1.2: |
Spectroscopic Signatures / 9.1.3: |
Satellite Missions / 9.2: |
Water Detection with SWAS / 9.2.1: |
IR Satellites / 9.2.2: |
Future Astronomical Telescopes / 9.2.3: |
Some Astrophysical Concepts / 9.3: |
Apparent Magnitude / 9.3.1: |
Spectral Classes / 9.3.2: |
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, HRD / 9.3.3: |
References |
Index |
Water on Earth, Properties of Water / 1: |
The Role of Water in History / 1.1: |
Water in Ancient Cultures / 1.1.1: |
Modern Society and Water / 1.1.2: |
The Chemical Elements Water Consists of / 1.2: |
Hydrogen / 1.2.1: |