Foreword |
Preface |
Acknowledgments |
Introduction to Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 1: |
Features of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 1.1: |
Applications of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 1.2: |
Data Analysis / 1.3: |
History of Development / 1.4: |
Future Prospects / 1.5: |
References |
Principles of Optics / 2: |
Propagation of Light / 2.1: |
Propagation of One-Dimensional Waves / 2.1.1: |
Electromagnetic Waves / 2.1.2: |
Refractive Index / 2.1.3: |
Dielectrics / 2.2: |
Dielectric Polarization / 2.2.1: |
Dielectric Constant / 2.2.2: |
Dielectric Function / 2.2.3: |
Reflection and Transmission of Light / 2.3: |
Refraction of Light / 2.3.1: |
p- and s-Polarized Light Waves / 2.3.2: |
Reflectance and Transmittance / 2.3.3: |
Brewster Angle / 2.3.4: |
Total Reflection / 2.3.5: |
Optical Interference / 2.4: |
Optical Interference in Thin Films / 2.4.1: |
Multilayers / 2.4.2: |
Polarization of Light / 3: |
Representation of Polarized Light / 3.1: |
Phase of Light / 3.1.1: |
Polarization States of Light Waves / 3.1.2: |
Optical Elements / 3.2: |
Polarizer (Analyzer) / 3.2.1: |
Compensator (Retarder) / 3.2.2: |
Photoelastic Modulator / 3.2.3: |
Depolarizer / 3.2.4: |
Jones Matrix / 3.3: |
Jones Vector / 3.3.1: |
Transformation of Coordinate Systems / 3.3.2: |
Jones Matrices of Optical Elements / 3.3.3: |
Representation of Optical Measurement / Jones Matrices3.3.4: |
Stokes Parameters / 3.4: |
Definition of Stokes Parameters / 3.4.1: |
Poincare Sphere / 3.4.2: |
Partially Polarized Light / 3.4.3: |
Mueller Matrix / 3.4.4: |
Principles of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 4: |
Principles of Ellipsometry Measurement / 4.1: |
Measured Values in Ellipsometry / 4.1.1: |
Coordinate System in Ellipsometry / 4.1.2: |
Jones and Mueller Matrices of Samples / 4.1.3: |
Ellipsometry Measurement / 4.2: |
Measurement Methods of Ellipsometry / 4.2.1: |
Rotating-Analyzer Ellipsometry (RAE) / 4.2.2: |
Rotating-Analyzer Ellipsometry with Compensator / 4.2.3: |
Rotating-Compensator Ellipsometry (RCE) / 4.2.4: |
Phase-Modulation Ellipsometry (PME) / 4.2.5: |
Infrared Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 4.2.6: |
Mueller Matrix Ellipsometry / 4.2.7: |
Null Ellipsometry and Imaging Ellipsometry / 4.2.8: |
Instrumentation for Ellipsometry / 4.3: |
Installation of Ellipsometry System / 4.3.1: |
Fourier Analysis / 4.3.2: |
Calibration of Optical Elements / 4.3.3: |
Correction of Measurement Errors / 4.3.4: |
Precision and Error of Measurement / 4.4: |
Variation of Precision and Error with Measurement Method / 4.4.1: |
Precision of ([psi], [Delta]) / 4.4.2: |
Precision of Film Thickness and Absorption Coefficient / 4.4.3: |
Depolarization Effect of Samples / 4.4.4: |
Interpretation of ([psi], [Delta]) / 5: |
Variations of ([psi], [Delta]) with Optical Constants / 5.1.1: |
Variations of ([psi], [Delta]) in Transparent Films / 5.1.2: |
Variations of ([psi], [Delta]) in Absorbing Films / 5.1.3: |
Dielectric Function Models / 5.2: |
Lorentz Model / 5.2.1: |
Interpretation of the Lorentz Model / 5.2.2: |
Sellmeier and Cauchy Models / 5.2.3: |
Tauc-Lorentz Model / 5.2.4: |
Drude Model / 5.2.5: |
Kramers-Kronig Relations / 5.2.6: |
Effective Medium Approximation / 5.3: |
Effective Medium Theories / 5.3.1: |
Modeling of Surface Roughness / 5.3.2: |
Limitations of Effective Medium Theories / 5.3.3: |
Optical Models / 5.4: |
Construction of Optical Models / 5.4.1: |
Pseudo-Dielectric Function / 5.4.2: |
Optimization of Sample Structures / 5.4.3: |
Optical Models for Depolarizing Samples / 5.4.4: |
Data Analysis Procedure / 5.5: |
Linear Regression Analysis / 5.5.1: |
Fitting Error Function / 5.5.2: |
Mathematical Inversion / 5.5.3: |
Ellipsometry of Anisotropic Materials / 6: |
Reflection and Transmission of Light by Anisotropic Materials / 6.1: |
Light Propagation in Anisotropic Media / 6.1.1: |
Index Ellipsoid / 6.1.2: |
Dielectric Tensor / 6.1.3: |
Jones Matrix of Anisotropic Samples / 6.1.4: |
Fresnel Equations for Anisotropic Materials / 6.2: |
Anisotropic Substrate / 6.2.1: |
Anisotropic Thin Film on Isotropic Substrate / 6.2.2: |
4 x 4 Matrix Method / 6.3: |
Principles of the 4 x 4 Matrix Method / 6.3.1: |
Calculation Method of Partial Transfer Matrix / 6.3.2: |
Calculation Methods of Incident and Exit Matrices / 6.3.3: |
Calculation Procedure of the 4 x 4 Matrix Method / 6.3.4: |
Interpretation of ([psi], [Delta]) for Anisotropic Materials / 6.4: |
Variations of ([psi], [Delta]) in Anisotropic Substrates / 6.4.1: |
Variations of ([psi], [Delta]) in Anisotropic Thin Films / 6.4.2: |
Measurement and Data Analysis of Anisotropic Materials / 6.5: |
Measurement Methods / 6.5.1: |
Data Analysis Methods / 6.5.2: |
Data Analysis Examples / 7: |
Insulators / 7.1: |
Analysis Examples / 7.1.1: |
Advanced Analysis / 7.1.2: |
Semiconductors / 7.2: |
Optical Transitions in Semiconductors / 7.2.1: |
Modeling of Dielectric Functions / 7.2.2: |
Analysis of Dielectric Functions / 7.2.3: |
Metals/Semiconductors / 7.3: |
Dielectric Function of Metals / 7.3.1: |
Analysis of Free-Carrier Absorption / 7.3.2: |
Organic Materials/Biomaterials / 7.3.3: |
Analysis of Organic Materials / 7.4.1: |
Analysis of Biomaterials / 7.4.2: |
Anisotropic Materials / 7.5: |
Analysis of Anisotropic Insulators / 7.5.1: |
Analysis of Anisotropic Semiconductors / 7.5.2: |
Analysis of Anisotropic Organic Materials / 7.5.3: |
Real-Time Monitoring by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 8: |
Data Analysis in Real-Time Monitoring / 8.1: |
Procedures for Real-Time Data Analysis / 8.1.1: |
Linear Regression Analysis (LRA) / 8.1.2: |
Global Error Minimization (GEM) / 8.1.3: |
Virtual Substrate Approximation (VSA) / 8.1.4: |
Observation of Thin-Film Growth by Real-Time Monitoring / 8.2: |
Process Control by Real-Time Monitoring / 8.2.1: |
Data Analysis in Process Control / 8.3.1: |
Process Control by Linear Regression Analysis (LRA) / 8.3.2: |
Process Control by Virtual Substrate Approximation (VSA) / 8.3.3: |
Appendices |
Trigonometric Functions |
Definitions of Optical Constants |
Maxwell's Equations for Conductors |
Jones-Mueller Matrix Conversion |
Index |
Foreword |
Preface |
Acknowledgments |
Introduction to Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 1: |
Features of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 1.1: |
Applications of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry / 1.2: |