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1.

図書

図書
Sung Joon Ahn
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2004  xx, 125 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in computer science ; 3151
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Introduction / 1:
Curves and Surfaces in Space / 1.1:
Mathematical Description / 1.1.1:
Rigid Body Motion of Model Features in Space / 1.1.2:
Model Hierarchy / 1.1.3:
Curve and Surface Fitting / 1.2:
Applications of Curve and Surface Fitting / 1.2.1:
Algebraic Fitting Vs. Geometric Fitting / 1.2.2:
State-of-the-Art Orthogonal Distance Fitting / 1.2.3:
ISO 10360-6 and Requirements of CMM Software Tools / 1.2.4:
Least-Squares Orthogonal Distance Fitting / 2:
Moment Method for Line and Plane Fitting / 2.1:
Line Fitting / 2.1.1:
Plane Fitting / 2.1.2:
Relationship Between Line and Plane Fitting / 2.1.3:
Generalized Orthogonal Distance Fitting / 2.2:
Problem Definition / 2.2.1:
Point-to-Point Matching / 2.2.2:
Template Matching / 2.2.3:
Orthogonal Distance Fitting Algorithms / 2.3:
Distance-Based Algorithm / 2.3.1:
Coordinate-Based Algorithm / 2.3.2:
Model Fitting with Parameter Constraints / 2.3.3:
Parameter Test / 2.3.4:
Application to Circle and Sphere Fitting / 2.3.5:
Orthogonal Distance Fitting of Implicit Curves and Surfaces / 3:
Minimum Distance Point / 3.1:
Generalized Newton Method / 3.1.1:
Method of Lagrangian Multipliers / 3.1.2:
Verification of the Minimum Distance Point / 3.1.3:
Acceleration of Finding the Minimum Distance Point / 3.1.4:
Orthogonal Distance Fitting / 3.2:
Comparison of the Two Algorithms / 3.2.1:
Fitting Examples / 3.3:
Superellipse Fitting / 3.3.1:
Cone Fitting / 3.3.2:
Torus Fitting / 3.3.3:
Superellipsoid Fitting / 3.3.4:
Orthogonal Distance Fitting of Parametric Curves and Surfaces / 4:
Newton Method / 4.1:
Levenberg-MarquardtAlgorithm / 4.1.2:
Initial Values / 4.1.3:
Algorithm I (ETH) / 4.1.4:
Algorithm II (NPL, FhG) / 4.2.2:
Algorithm III (FhG) / 4.2.3:
Comparison of the Three Algorithms / 4.2.4:
Helix Fitting / 4.3:
Ellipsoid Fitting / 4.3.2:
Object Reconstruction from Unordered Point Cloud / 5:
Applications of Object Reconstruction / 5.1:
Semi-automatic Object Recognition / 5.2:
Segmentation, Outlier Elimination, and Model Fitting / 5.2.1:
Domain Volume for Measurement Points / 5.2.2:
Experimental Results with Real 3-D Measurement Points / 5.3:
3-D Point Cloud from Stripe Projection Method / 5.3.1:
3-D Point Cloud from Laser Radar / 5.3.2:
Conclusions / 6:
Summary / 6.1:
Future Work / 6.2:
References
Index
Implementation Examples / A:
Implicit 2-D Ellipse (Chap.3) / A.1:
Parametric 3-D Ellipse (Chap.4) / A.2:
CMM Software Tools Fulfilling ISO 10360-6 / B:
Curves and Surfaces Defined in ISO 10360-6 / B.1:
Competent Parameterization / B.1.1:
Role of the Mass Center / B.1.2:
Rotation Matrix / B.1.3:
Parameter Range / B.1.4:
Minimum Distance Point and FHG/XHG Matrix / B.2:
2-D Line / B.2.1:
3-D Line / B.2.2:
Plane / B.2.3:
2-D Circle / B.2.4:
3-D Circle / B.2.5:
Sphere / B.2.6:
Cylinder / B.2.7:
Cone / B.2.8:
Torus / B.2.9:
FHG Matrix of Superellipse and Superellipsoid / C:
Superellipse / C.1:
Superellipsoid / C.2:
Introduction / 1:
Curves and Surfaces in Space / 1.1:
Mathematical Description / 1.1.1:
2.

図書

図書
editor, H. Fischer ; authors, J.A. Howard ... [et al.]
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2004  xi, 535 p. ; 28 cm
シリーズ名: Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie / Gesamtherausgabe, K.-H. Hellwege ; group 2 . Molecules and radicals ; v. 26 . Magnetic properties of free radicals ; subv. C
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Molecules and Radicals / Landolt-BörnsteinGroup II:
Magnetic Properties of Free Radicals / Volume 26:
Nitrogen and Oxygen Centered Radicals / Subvolume C:
Title Pages, Contributors, Preface, Table of Contents
Title Pages
Contributors
Preface
Table of Contents
General introduction / H. FischerI:
Definition and substances / A:
Magnetic properties / B:
Arrangements of the tables / C:
Monographs, reviews and important conference proceedings / D:
Data / II:
Nitrogen-centered monoradicals, biradicals and high-spin nitrenes / F.A. Neugebauer9:
Introduction / 9.1:
General remarks / 9.1.1:
Arrangement of tables / 9.1.2:
Abbreviations / 9.1.3:
Aminyl radicals of type R&sbond;N&sbond;R (R &dbond; H, C) / 9.2:
Acyclic aminyl radicals / 9.2.1:
Alkylaminyl radicals / 9.2.1.1:
Vinylaminyl radicals / 9.2.1.2:
Arylaminyls / 9.2.1.3:
Aminyl radicals with heterocyclic substituent / 9.2.1.4:
Cyano- and acylaminyl radicals / 9.2.1.5:
Cyclic aminyl radicals / 9.2.2:
Monocyclic aminyl radicals / 9.2.2.1:
Aminyl radicals from four-membered rings / 9.2.2.1.1:
Aminyl radicals from five-membered rings / 9.2.2.1.2:
Aminyl radicals from six-membered rings / 9.2.2.1.3:
Fused polycyclic aminyl radicals / 9.2.2.2:
Based on five-membered rings / 9.2.2.2.1:
Based on six-membered rings / 9.2.2.2.2:
Based on seven-membered rings / 9.2.2.2.3:
Germylaminyl radicals of type R&sbond;N&sbond;GeR3 / 9.3:
Hydrazyl and hydrazonyl radicals: R1&sbond;N&sbond;NR2R3, R1&sbond;N&sbond;N&dbond;CR2R3 / 9.4:
Acyclic hydrazyl radicals / 9.4.1:
Leading atom of R1, R2, and R3: Hydrogen or carbon / 9.4.1.1:
Alkylhydrazyl radicals / 9.4.1.1.1:
Arylhydrazyl radicals / 9.4.1.1.2:
Cyano- and acylhydrazyl radicals / 9.4.1.1.3:
Leading atom of R1 : Other than hydrogen or carbon / 9.4.1.2:
Leading atom of R2: Other than hydrogen or carbon / 9.4.1.3:
Leading atom of R1 and R2: Other than hydrogen or carbon / 9.4.1.4:
Cyclic hydrazyl radicals / 9.4.2:
Monocyclic hydrazyl radicals / 9.4.2.1:
Hydrazyl radicals from three-membered rings / 9.4.2.1.1:
Hydrazyl radicals from five-membered rings / 9.4.2.1.2:
Hydrazyl radicals from six-membered rings / 9.4.2.1.3:
Fused polycyclic hydrazyl radicals / 9.4.2.2:
Acyclic and cyclic hydrazonyl radicals / 9.4.3:
Acyclic hydrazonyl radicals / 9.4.3.1:
Cyclic hydrazonyl radicals / 9.4.3.2:
Oxyaminyl radicals: &sbond;N&sbond;O&sbond; / 9.5:
Acyclic oxyaminyl radicals: R1&sbond;N&sbond;O&sbond;R2 / 9.5.1:
Leading atom of R1 and R2: Carbon / 9.5.1.1:
Leading atom of R2: Other than carbon / 9.5.1.2:
Leading atom of R1: Other than carbon / 9.5.1.3:
Cyclic oxyaminyl radicals / 9.5.2:
Thioaminyl radicals: &sbond;N&sbond;S&sbond;, &sbond;N&sbond;S(&dbond;O)&sbond;, &sbond;N&sbond;SO2&sbond; / 9.6:
Acyclic thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.1:
Sulfenamidyl radicals: R1&sbond;N&sbond;S&sbond;R2 / 9.6.1.1:
Sulfinamidyl radicals: R1&sbond;N&sbond;S(&dbond;O)&sbond;R2 / 9.6.1.1.1:
Sulfonamidyl radicals: R1&sbond;N&sbond;SO2&sbond;R2 / 9.6.1.3:
Cyclic thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.2:
Monocyclic thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.2.1:
Thioaminyl radicals from five-membered rings / 9.6.2.1.1:
Thioaminyl radicals from six-membered rings / 9.6.2.1.2:
Thioaminyl radicals from eight-membered rings / 9.6.2.1.3:
Fused polycyclic thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.2.2:
Bridged thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.2.3:
Selenoaminyl radicals: &sbond;N&sbond;Se&sbond; / 9.7:
Iminyl radicals: >C&dbond;N / 9.8:
Iminyl radicals of type RCH&dbond;N / 9.8.1:
Iminyl radicals of type R1R2C&dbond;N / 9.8.2:
Diazenyl radicals: R&sbond;N•+&dbond;N / 9.9:
Iminoxyl radicals: >C&dbond;N&sbond;O / 9.10:
Acyclic iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.1:
Iminoxyl radicals of type RCH&dbond;N&sbond;O, leading atom of R: Carbon / 9.10.1.1:
Iminoxyl radicals of type R1R2C&dbond;N&sbond;O / 9.10.1.2:
Leading atom of R1 and R2: Other than carbon / 9.10.1.2.1:
Cyclic iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.2:
Monocyclic iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.2.1:
Fused polycyclic iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.2.2:
Bridged iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.2.3:
Nitrogen-centered biradicals / 9.11:
Aminyl biradicals / 9.11.1:
Hydrazyl biradicals / 9.11.2:
Acyclic hydrazyl biradicals / 9.11.2.1:
Cyclic hydrazyl biradicals / 9.11.2.2:
Thioaminyl biradicals / 9.11.3:
Acyclic thioaminyl biradicals / 9.11.3.1:
Cyclic thioaminyl biradicals / 9.11.3.2:
Cyclic selenoaminyl biradical / 9.11.4:
Biradicals with different kinds of radical centers / 9.11.5:
Type R1N.....CR2R3 / 9.11.5.1:
Type R1N.....N(O)R2 / 9.11.5.2:
Type R1N.....O / 9.11.5.3:
High-spin mono- and polynitrenes / 9.12:
Mononitrenes / 9.12.1:
Alkyl nitrenes / 9.12.1.1:
Cyano nitrene / 9.12.1.2:
Carbonyl nitrene / 9.12.1.3:
Aryl nitrenes / 9.12.1.4:
Heterocyclic nitrenes / 9.12.1.5:
Boryl nitrene / 9.12.1.6:
Phosphoryl nitrene / 9.12.1.7:
Sulfonyl nitrenes / 9.12.1.8:
Silyl nitrenes / 9.12.1.9:
Stannyl nitrene / 9.12.1.10:
Mononitrenes and additional radicals (S = 3/2, S = 2) / 9.12.2:
Nitrene and benzyl / 9.12.2.1:
Nitrene and aminyl / 9.12.2.2:
Nitrene and hydrazyl / 9.12.2.3:
Nitrene and nitroxyde / 9.12.2.4:
Nitrene, alkyl and aminyl / 9.12.2.5:
Nitrene and carbine / 9.12.2.6:
Quinonoidal dinitrenes (iminyl biradicals) / 9.12.3:
Dinitrenes (S = 2) / 9.12.4:
Arylene dinitrenes / 9.12.4.1:
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by >C&dbond;CH2 or >C&dbond;O / 9.12.4.2:
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by &sbond;HC&dbond;CH&sbond;, &sbond;[C&tbond;C]n&sbond;, &sbond;(1,3-C6H4)&sbond;,.or &sbond;C&tbond;C&sbond;(1,3-C6H4)&sbond;C&tbond;C&sbond; / 9.12.4.3:
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by carbocyclic or heterocyclic bridges / 9.12.4.4:
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by &sbond;CONH&sbond; / 9.12.4.5:
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by hetero atoms: O, S, Si / 9.12.4.6:
Heterocyclic dinitrenes / 9.12.4.7:
Polynitrenes (S ≥ 3) / 9.12.5:
References for 9 / 9.13:
Review articles / 9.13.1:
References for 9.2-9.12 / 9.13.2:
Oxy- and peroxyalkyl radicals / J.A. Howard10:
Carbonyloxy radicals / 10.1:
Sulfinyl radicals / 10.3:
Alkylperoxy radicals / 10.4:
Alkenylperoxy radicals / 10.5:
Substituted alkylperoxy radicals / 10.6:
Aromatic peroxy radicals / 10.7:
Thiylperoxy radicals / 10.8:
Sulphonylperoxyl radicals / 10.9:
Peroxyl radicals from biological molecules / 10.10:
Polymer peroxyl radical / 10.11:
Metal centered peroxyl radical / 10.12:
References for 10 / 10.13:
Aroxyl radicals / R. Mecke ; H.H. Jäger ; M. Jäger11:
Arrangement of the tables / 11.1:
Carbocycles / 11.1.3:
Monocyclic compounds / 11.2.1:
Phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1:
Phenoxyl / 11.2.1.1.1:
Monosubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.2:
Tyrosyl / 11.2.1.1.2.1:
Tyrosine derived radicals / 11.2.1.1.2.2:
Tyrosine radicals in biological systems / 11.2.1.1.2.3:
Disubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.3:
Trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4:
2,3,4-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.1:
2,3,5-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.2:
2,3,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.3:
2,4,5-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.4:
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (1/6) / 11.2.1.1.4.5:
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (2/6)
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (3/6)
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (4/6)
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (5/6)
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (6/6)
3,4,5-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.6:
Tetrasubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.5:
Pentasubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.6:
Condensed ring systems / 11.2.2:
Systems with condensed non-aromatic rings / 11.2.2.1:
Naphthoxyls / 11.2.2.2:
Anthroxyls / 11.2.2.3:
Polycondensed systems / 11.2.2.4:
Heterocycles / 11.3:
N-heterocycles / 11.3.1:
O-heterocycles / 11.3.2:
5-membered heterocyclic systems / 11.3.2.1:
6-membered heterocyclic systems / 11.3.2.2:
Condensed dioxol systems / 11.3.2.3:
S-heterocycles / 11.3.3:
Cations / 11.4:
Bi- and polyradicals / 11.5:
References for 11 / 11.6:
General symbols and abbreviations / III:
Symbols
Substances or part of substances
Molecules and Radicals / Landolt-BörnsteinGroup II:
Magnetic Properties of Free Radicals / Volume 26:
Nitrogen and Oxygen Centered Radicals / Subvolume C:
3.

図書

図書
Ubbo Visser
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2004  xiv, 150 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in computer science ; 3159 . Lecture notes in artificial intelligence
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Introduction and Related Work / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Semantic Web Vision / 1.1:
Research Topics / 1.2:
Search on the Web / 1.3:
Integration Tasks / 1.4:
Organization / 1.5:
Related Work / 2:
Approaches for Terminological Representation and Reasoning / 2.1:
The Role of Ontologies / 2.1.1:
Use of Mappings / 2.1.2:
Approaches for Spatial Representation and Reasoning / 2.2:
Spatial Representation / 2.2.1:
Spatial Reasoning / 2.2.2:
More Approaches / 2.2.3:
Approaches for Temporal Representation and Reasoning / 2.3:
Temporal Theories Based on Time Points / 2.3.1:
Temporal Theories Based on Intervals / 2.3.2:
Summary of Recent Approaches / 2.3.3:
Evaluation of Approaches / 2.4:
Terminological Approaches / 2.4.1:
Spatial Approaches / 2.4.2:
Temporal Approaches / 2.4.3:
The Buster Approach for Terminological, Spatial, and Temporal Representation and Reasoning / Part II:
General Approach of Buster / 3:
Requirements / 3.1:
Conceptual Architecture / 3.2:
Query Phase / 3.2.1:
Acquisition Phase / 3.2.2:
Comprehensive Source Description / 3.3:
The Dublin Core Elements / 3.3.1:
Additional Element Descriptions / 3.3.2:
Background Models / 3.3.3:
Example / 3.3.4:
Relevance / 3.4:
Terminological Representation and Reasoning, Semantic Translation / 4:
Representation / 4.1:
Reasoning / 4.1.2:
Integration/Translation on the Data Level / 4.1.3:
Representation and Reasoning Components / 4.2:
Ontologies / 4.2.1:
Description Logics / 4.2.2:
Reasoning Components / 4.2.3:
Semantic Translation / 4.3:
Context Transformation by Rules / 4.3.1:
Context Transformation by Re-classification / 4.3.2:
Example: Translation ATKIS-CORINE Land Cover / 4.4:
Spatial Representation and Reasoning / 5:
Intuitive Spatial Labeling / 5.1:
Place Names, Gazetteers and Footprints / 5.1.2:
Place Name Structures / 5.1.3:
Spatial Relevance / 5.1.4:
Polygonal Tessellation / 5.1.5:
Place Names / 5.2.2:
Spatial Relevance Reasoning / 5.2.3:
Temporal Representation and Reasoning / 5.4:
Intuitive Labeling / 6.1:
Time Interval Boundaries / 6.1.2:
Structures / 6.1.3:
Explicit Qualitative Relations / 6.1.4:
Period Names / 6.2:
Boundaries / 6.2.3:
Relations / 6.2.4:
Temporal Relevance / 6.3:
Distance Between Time Intervals / 6.3.1:
Overlapping of Time Periods / 6.3.2:
Relations Between Boundaries / 6.4:
Relations Between Two Time Periods / 6.4.2:
Relations Between More Than Two Time Periods / 6.4.3:
Qualitative Statements / 6.5:
Quantitative Statements / 6.5.2:
Inconsistencies (Quantitative/Qualitative) / 6.5.3:
Inconsistencies (Reasoner Implicit/Qualitative) / 6.5.4:
Inconsistencies (Qualitative/Quantitative) / 6.5.5:
Implementation, Conclusion, and Future Work / Part III:
Implementation Issues and System Demonstration / 7:
Architecture / 7.1:
Single Queries / 7.2:
Terminological Queries / 7.2.1:
Spatial Queries / 7.2.2:
Temporal Queries / 7.2.3:
Combined Queries / 7.3:
Spatio-terminological Queries / 7.3.1:
Temporal-Terminological Queries / 7.3.2:
Spatio-temporal-terminological Queries / 7.3.3:
Conclusion and Future Work / 8:
Conclusion / 8.1:
Semantic Web / 8.1.1:
BUSTER Approach and System / 8.1.2:
Future Work / 8.2:
Terminological Part / 8.2.1:
Spatial Part / 8.2.2:
Temporal Part / 8.2.3:
References
Introduction and Related Work / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Semantic Web Vision / 1.1:
4.

図書

図書
Claus Kiefer
出版情報: Oxford : Clarendon, 2004  ix, 308 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: The international series of monographs on physics ; 124
Oxford science publications
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Why quantum gravity? / 1:
Quantum theory and the gravitational field / 1.1:
Introduction / 1.1.1:
Main motivations for quantizing gravity / 1.1.2:
Relevant scales / 1.1.3:
Quantum mechanics and Newtonian gravity / 1.1.4:
Quantum field theory in curved space-time / 1.1.5:
Problems of a fundamental semiclassical theory / 1.2:
Approaches to quantum gravity / 1.3:
Covariant approaches to quantum gravity / 2:
The concept of a graviton / 2.1:
Weak gravitational waves / 2.1.1:
Gravitons from representations of the Poincare group / 2.1.2:
Quantization of the linear field theory / 2.1.3:
Path integrals and the background-field method / 2.2:
General properties of path integrals / 2.2.1:
Background-field method / 2.2.2:
Effective action and Feynman rules / 2.2.3:
Some general remarks on path integrals in perturbation theory / 2.2.4:
Quantum supergravity / 2.3:
Parametrized and relational systems / 3:
Particle systems / 3.1:
Parametrized non-relativistic particle / 3.1.1:
Some remarks on constrained systems / 3.1.2:
The relativistic particle / 3.1.3:
The free bosonic string / 3.2:
Parametrized field theories / 3.3:
Relational dynamical systems / 3.4:
Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity / 4:
The seventh route to geometrodynamics / 4.1:
Principle of path independence / 4.1.1:
Explicit form of generators / 4.1.2:
Geometrodynamics and gauge theories / 4.1.3:
The 3+1 decomposition of general relativity / 4.2:
The canonical variables / 4.2.1:
Hamiltonian form of the Einstein-Hilbert action / 4.2.2:
Discussion of the constraints / 4.2.3:
The case of open spaces / 4.2.4:
Structure of configuration space / 4.2.5:
Canonical gravity with connections and loops / 4.3:
Loop variables / 4.3.1:
Quantum geometrodynamics / 5:
The programme of canonical quantization / 5.1:
The problem of time / 5.2:
Time before quantization / 5.2.1:
Time after quantization / 5.2.2:
The geometrodynamical wave function / 5.3:
The diffeomorphism constraints / 5.3.1:
WKB approximation / 5.3.2:
Remarks on the functional Schrodinger picture / 5.3.3:
Connection with path integrals / 5.3.4:
Anomalies and factor ordering / 5.3.5:
Canonical quantum supergravity / 5.3.6:
The semiclassical approximation / 5.4:
Analogies from quantum mechanics / 5.4.1:
Derivation of the Schrodinger equation / 5.4.2:
Quantum-gravitational correction terms / 5.4.3:
Quantum gravity with connections and loops / 6:
The Gauss and diffeomorphism constraints / 6.1:
Connection representation / 6.1.1:
Loop representation / 6.1.2:
Quantization of area / 6.2:
Quantum Hamiltonian constraint / 6.3:
Quantization of black holes / 7:
Black-hole thermodynamics and Hawking radiation / 7.1:
The laws of black-hole mechanics / 7.1.1:
Hawking and Unruh radiation / 7.1.2:
Bekenstein-Hawking entropy / 7.1.3:
Canonical quantization of the Schwarzschild black hole / 7.2:
Classical formalism / 7.2.1:
Quantization / 7.2.2:
Black-hole spectroscopy and entropy / 7.3:
Quantum theory of collapsing dust shells / 7.4:
Covariant gauge fixing / 7.4.1:
Embedding variables for the classical theory / 7.4.2:
Quantum cosmology / 7.4.3:
Minisuperspace models / 8.1:
General introduction / 8.1.1:
Quantization of a Friedmann universe / 8.1.2:
(2+1)-dimensional quantum gravity / 8.1.3:
Introduction of inhomogeneities / 8.2:
Boundary conditions / 8.3:
DeWitt's boundary condition / 8.3.1:
No-boundary condition / 8.3.2:
Tunnelling condition / 8.3.3:
Comparison of no-boundary and tunnelling wave function / 8.3.4:
Symmetric initial condition / 8.3.5:
String theory / 9:
Quantum gravitational aspects / 9.1:
The Polyakov path integral / 9.2.1:
Effective actions / 9.2.2:
T-duality and branes / 9.2.3:
Superstrings / 9.2.4:
Black-hole entropy / 9.2.5:
Brane worlds / 9.2.6:
Quantum gravity and the interpretation of quantum theory / 10:
Decoherence and the quantum universe / 10.1:
Decoherence in quantum mechanics / 10.1.1:
Decoherence in quantum cosmology / 10.1.2:
Decoherence of primordial fluctuations / 10.1.3:
Arrow of time / 10.2:
Outlook / 10.3:
References
Index
Why quantum gravity? / 1:
Quantum theory and the gravitational field / 1.1:
Introduction / 1.1.1:
5.

図書

図書
Peter Deuflhard
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2004  xii, 424 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Springer series in computational mathematics ; 35
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Outline of Contents
Introduction / 1:
Newton-Raphson Method for Scalar Equations / 1.1:
Newton's Method for General Nonlinear Problems / 1.2:
Classical convergence theorems revisited / 1.2.1:
Affine invariance and Lipschitz conditions / 1.2.2:
The algorithmic paradigm / 1.2.3:
A Roadmap of Newton-type Methods / 1.3:
Adaptive Inner Solvers for Inexact Newton Methods / 1.4:
Residual norm minimization: GMRES / 1.4.1:
Energy norm minimization: PCG / 1.4.2:
Error norm minimization: CGNE / 1.4.3:
Error norm reduction: GBIT / 1.4.4:
Linear multigrid methods / 1.4.5:
Exercises
Algebraic Equations / Part I:
Systems of Equations: Local Newton Methods / 2:
Error Oriented Algorithms / 2.1:
Ordinary Newton method / 2.1.1:
Simplified Newton method / 2.1.2:
Newton-like methods / 2.1.3:
Broyden's 'good' rank-1 updates / 2.1.4:
Inexact Newton-ERR methods / 2.1.5:
Residual Based Algorithms / 2.2:
Broyden's 'bad' rank-1 updates / 2.2.1:
Inexact Newton-RES method / 2.2.4:
Convex Optimization / 2.3:
Inexact Newton-PCG method / 2.3.1:
Systems of Equations: Global Newton Methods / 3:
Globalization Concepts / 3.1:
Componentwise convex mappings / 3.1.1:
Steepest descent methods / 3.1.2:
Trust region concepts / 3.1.3:
Newton path / 3.1.4:
Residual Based Descent / 3.2:
Affine contravariant convergence analysis / 3.2.1:
Adaptive trust region strategies / 3.2.2:
Error Oriented Descent / 3.2.3:
General level functions / 3.3.1:
Natural level function / 3.3.2:
Convex Functional Descent / 3.3.3:
Affine conjugate convergence analysis / 3.4.1:
Least Squares Problems: Gauss-Newton Methods / 3.4.2:
Linear Least Squares Problems / 4.1:
Unconstrained problems / 4.1.1:
Equality constrained problems / 4.1.2:
Local Gauss-Newton methods / 4.2:
Global Gauss-Newton methods / 4.2.2:
Adaptive trust region strategy / 4.2.3:
Local convergence results / 4.3:
Local Gauss-Newton algorithms / 4.3.2:
Global convergence results / 4.3.3:
Adaptive rank strategies / 4.3.4:
Underdetermined Systems of Equations / 4.4:
Local quasi-Gauss-Newton method / 4.4.1:
Global Gauss-Newton method / 4.4.2:
Parameter Dependent Systems: Continuation Methods / 5:
Newton Continuation Methods / 5.1:
Classification of continuation methods / 5.1.1:
Affine covariant feasible stepsizes / 5.1.2:
Adaptive pathfollowing algorithms / 5.1.3:
Gauss-Newton Continuation Method / 5.2:
Discrete tangent continuation beyond turning points / 5.2.1:
Adaptive stepsize control / 5.2.2:
Computation of Simple Bifurcations / 5.3:
Augmented systems for critical points / 5.3.1:
Newton-like algorithm for simple bifurcations / 5.3.2:
Branching-off algorithm / 5.3.3:
Differential Equations / Part II:
Stiff ODE Initial Value Problems / 6:
Affine Similar Linear Contractivity / 6.1:
Nonstiff versus Stiff Initial Value Problems / 6.2:
Picard iteration versus Newton iteration / 6.2.1:
Newton-type uniqueness theorems / 6.2.2:
Uniqueness Theorems for Implicit One-step Methods / 6.3:
Pseudo-transient Continuation for Steady State Problems / 6.4:
Exact pseudo-transient continuation / 6.4.1:
Inexact pseudo-transient continuation / 6.4.2:
ODE Boundary Value Problems / 7:
Multiple Shooting for Timelike BVPs / 7.1:
Cyclic linear systems / 7.1.1:
Realization of Newton methods / 7.1.2:
Realization of continuation methods / 7.1.3:
Parameter Identification in ODEs / 7.2:
Periodic Orbit Computation / 7.3:
Single orbit computation / 7.3.1:
Orbit continuation methods / 7.3.2:
Fourier collocation method / 7.3.3:
Polynomial Collocation for Spacelike BVPs / 7.4:
Discrete versus continuous solutions / 7.4.1:
Quasilinearization as inexact Newton method / 7.4.2:
PDE Boundary Value Problems / 8:
Asymptotic Mesh Independence / 8.1:
Global Discrete Newton Methods / 8.2:
General PDEs / 8.2.1:
Elliptic PDEs / 8.2.2:
Inexact Newton Multilevel FEM for Elliptic PDEs / 8.3:
Local Newton-Galerkin methods / 8.3.1:
Global Newton-Galerkin methods / 8.3.2:
References
Software
Index
Outline of Contents
Introduction / 1:
Newton-Raphson Method for Scalar Equations / 1.1:
6.

図書

図書
Christopher J. Cramer
出版情報: Chichester, West Sussex, England ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, c2004  xx, 596 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
What are Theory, Computation, and Modeling? / 1:
Definition of Terms / 1.1:
Quantum Mechanics / 1.2:
Computable Quantities / 1.3:
Structure / 1.3.1:
Potential Energy Surfaces / 1.3.2:
Chemical Properties / 1.3.3:
Cost and Efficiency / 1.4:
Intrinsic Value / 1.4.1:
Hardware and Software / 1.4.2:
Algorithms / 1.4.3:
Note on Units / 1.5:
Bibliography and Suggested Additional Reading
References
Molecular Mechanics / 2:
History and Fundamental Assumptions / 2.1:
Potential Energy Functional Forms / 2.2:
Bond Stretching / 2.2.1:
Valence Angle Bending / 2.2.2:
Torsions / 2.2.3:
Van der Waals Interactions / 2.2.4:
Electrostatic Interactions / 2.2.5:
Cross Terms and Additional Non-bonded Terms / 2.2.6:
Parameterization Strategies / 2.2.7:
Force-field Energies and Thermodynamics / 2.3:
Geometry Optimization / 2.4:
Optimization Algorithms / 2.4.1:
Optimization Aspects Specific to Force Fields / 2.4.2:
Menagerie of Modern Force Fields / 2.5:
Available Force Fields / 2.5.1:
Validation / 2.5.2:
Force Fields and Docking / 2.6:
Case Study: (2R*,4S*)-1-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethylhex-5-ene / 2.7:
Simulations of Molecular Ensembles / 3:
Relationship Between MM Optima and Real Systems / 3.1:
Phase Space and Trajectories / 3.2:
Properties as Ensemble Averages / 3.2.1:
Properties as Time Averages of Trajectories / 3.2.2:
Molecular Dynamics / 3.3:
Harmonic Oscillator Trajectories / 3.3.1:
Non-analytical Systems / 3.3.2:
Practical Issues in Propagation / 3.3.3:
Stochastic Dynamics / 3.3.4:
Monte Carlo / 3.4:
Manipulation of Phase-space Integrals / 3.4.1:
Metropolis Sampling / 3.4.2:
Ensemble and Dynamical Property Examples / 3.5:
Key Details in Formalism / 3.6:
Cutoffs and Boundary Conditions / 3.6.1:
Polarization / 3.6.2:
Control of System Variables / 3.6.3:
Simulation Convergence / 3.6.4:
The Multiple Minima Problem / 3.6.5:
Force Field Performance in Simulations / 3.7:
Case Study: Silica Sodalite / 3.8:
Foundations of Molecular Orbital Theory / 4:
Quantum Mechanics and the Wave Function / 4.1:
The Hamiltonian Operator / 4.2:
General Features / 4.2.1:
The Variational Principle / 4.2.2:
The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation / 4.2.3:
Construction of Trial Wave Functions / 4.3:
The LCAO Basis Set Approach / 4.3.1:
The Secular Equation / 4.3.2:
H?uckel Theory / 4.4:
Fundamental Principles / 4.4.1:
Application to the Allyl System / 4.4.2:
Many-electron Wave Functions / 4.5:
Hartree-product Wave Functions / 4.5.1:
The Hartree Hamiltonian / 4.5.2:
Electron Spin and Antisymmetry / 4.5.3:
Slater Determinants / 4.5.4:
The Hartree-Fock Self-consistent Field Method / 4.5.5:
Semiempirical Implementations of Molecular Orbital Theory / 5:
Semiempirical Philosophy / 5.1:
Chemically Virtuous Approximations / 5.1.1:
Analytic Derivatives / 5.1.2:
Extended Huckel Theory / 5.2:
CNDO Formalism / 5.3:
INDO Formalism / 5.4:
INDO and INDO/S / 5.4.1:
MINDO/3 and SINDO1 / 5.4.2:
Basic NDDO Formalism / 5.5:
MNDO / 5.5.1:
AM1 / 5.5.2:
PM3 / 5.5.3:
General Performance Overview of Basic NDDO Models / 5.6:
Energetics / 5.6.1:
Geometries / 5.6.2:
Charge Distributions / 5.6.3:
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
7.

図書

図書
Duncan J. Watts
出版情報: Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 2004, c1999  xv, 262 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Princeton studies in complexity
Princeton paperbacks
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Preface
Kevin Bacon, the Small World, and Why It All Matters / 1:
Structure / Part I:
An Overview of the Small-World Phenomenon / 2:
Social Networks and the Small World / 2.1:
A Brief History of the Small World / 2.1.1:
Difficulties with the Real World / 2.1.2:
Reframing the Question to Consider All Worlds / 2.1.3:
Background on the Theory of Graphs / 2.2:
Basic Definitions / 2.2.1:
Length and Length Scaling / 2.2.2:
Neighbourhoods and Distribution Sequences / 2.2.3:
Clustering / 2.2.4:
"Lattice Graphs" and Random Graphs / 2.2.5:
Dimension and Embedding of Graphs / 2.2.6:
Alternative Definition of Clustering Coefficient / 2.2.7:
Big Worlds and Small Worlds: Models of Graphs / 3:
Relational Graphs / 3.1:
[alpha]-Graphs / 3.1.1:
A Stripped-Down Model: [beta]-Graphs / 3.1.2:
Shortcuts and Contractions: Model Invariance / 3.1.3:
Lies, Damned Lies, and (More) Statistics / 3.1.4:
Spatial Graphs / 3.2:
Uniform Spatial Graphs / 3.2.1:
Gaussian Spatial Graphs / 3.2.2:
Main Points in Review / 3.3:
Explanations and Ruminations / 4:
Going to Extremes / 4.1:
The Connected-Caveman World / 4.1.1:
Moore Graphs as Approximate Random Graphs / 4.1.2:
Transitions in Relational Graphs / 4.2:
Local and Global Length Scales / 4.2.1:
Clustering Coefficient / 4.2.2:
Contractions / 4.2.4:
Results and Comparisons with [beta]-Model / 4.2.5:
Transitions in Spatial Graphs / 4.3:
Spatial Length versus Graph Length / 4.3.1:
Results and Comparisons / 4.3.2:
Variations on Spatial and Relational Graphs / 4.4:
"It's a Small World after All": Three Real Graphs / 4.5:
Making Bacon / 5.1:
Examining the Graph / 5.1.1:
Comparisons / 5.1.2:
The Power of Networks / 5.2:
Examining the System / 5.2.1:
A Worm's Eye View / 5.2.2:
Other Systems / 5.3.1:
Dynamics / 5.5:
The Spread of Infectious Disease in Structured Populations / 6:
A Brief Review of Disease Spreading / 6.1:
Analysis and Results / 6.2:
Introduction of the Problem / 6.2.1:
Permanent-Removal Dynamics / 6.2.2:
Temporary-Removal Dynamics / 6.2.3:
Global Computation in Cellular Automata / 6.3:
Background / 7.1:
Global Computation / 7.1.1:
Cellular Automata on Graphs / 7.2:
Density Classification / 7.2.1:
Synchronisation / 7.2.2:
Cooperation in a Small World: Games on Graphs / 7.3:
The Prisoner's Dilemma / 8.1:
Spatial Prisoner's Dilemma / 8.1.2:
N-Player Prisoner's Dilemma / 8.1.3:
Evolution of Strategies / 8.1.4:
Emergence of Cooperation in a Homogeneous Population / 8.2:
Generalised Tit-for-Tat / 8.2.1:
Win-Stay, Lose-Shift / 8.2.2:
Evolution of Cooperation in a Heterogeneous Population / 8.3:
Global Synchrony in Populations of Coupled Phase Oscillators / 8.4:
Kuramoto Oscillators on Graphs / 9.1:
Conclusions / 9.3:
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Kevin Bacon, the Small World, and Why It All Matters / 1:
Structure / Part I:
8.

図書

図書
Karsten Konrad
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2004  xiii, 166 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in computer science ; 2953 . Lecture notes in artificial intelligence
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Motivation / 1:
The Subject of This Volume / 1.1:
Interpretation, Analysis, Computation / 1.2:
Interpretation / 1.2.1:
Analysis / 1.2.2:
Computation / 1.2.3:
Acknowledgments / 1.3:
Logics / Part I:
Model Generation / 2:
Introduction / 2.1:
Preliminaries / 2.2:
Topics / 2.3:
Models and Decidability / 2.3.1:
Herbrand Models / 2.3.2:
Finite Models / 2.3.3:
Representations / 2.3.4:
Minimality / 2.3.5:
Subset Minimality / 2.3.6:
Domain Minimality / 2.3.7:
Predicate-Specific Minimality / 2.3.8:
Enumeration / 2.3.9:
Model Enumeration with Theorem Provers / 2.3.10:
Enumeration with Finite Model Generators / 2.3.11:
Methods / 2.4:
Analytical Tableaux / 2.4.1:
Ground Tableaux / 2.4.2:
Free Variable Tableaux / 2.4.3:
Positive Unit Hyper-resolution / 2.4.4:
A Method Complete for Finite Satisfiability / 2.4.5:
The Davis-Putnam Procedure / 2.4.6:
Calculus and Procedure / 2.4.7:
Branches as Models / 2.4.8:
Efficiency / 2.4.9:
Related Work / 2.5:
Higher-Order Model Generation / 3:
The A-Calculus in Linguistics / 3.1:
Composition of Meaning / 3.1.1:
Quantification in Natural Language / 3.1.2:
Quantifiers as Higher-Order Expressions / 3.1.3:
First-Order Limitations / 3.1.4:
A Motivation for a New Kind of Logic / 3.1.5:
Higher-Order Logic / 3.2:
Syntax / 3.2.1:
Types / 3.2.2:
Terms / 3.2.3:
Semantics / 3.2.4:
Functional Interpretations / 3.2.5:
Logical Constants / 3.2.6:
Defining a Logic / 3.2.7:
Standard Frames and Generalised Interpretations / 3.2.8:
Model Generation for Generalised Frames? / 3.2.9:
Equivalency for Higher-Order Atoms / 3.2.10:
Function Domains and Quantification / 3.2.11:
A Fragment of Higher-Order Logic / 3.3:
Constant Frames / 3.3.1:
Interpretations and Denotations / 3.3.4:
An <$>{\cal M}{\cal Q}{\cal L}<$> Logic / 3.3.5:
Connectives / 3.3.6:
Quantifiers / 3.3.7:
Definitions / 3.3.8:
Equality / 3.3.9:
Constructing Models / 3.4:
Determining Models Intelligently / 3.4.1:
Formulas as Constraints / 3.4.2:
Solving Constraints / 3.4.3:
Translating Formulas into Constraints / 3.4.4:
An Example / 3.4.5:
Properties of the Translation / 3.4.6:
Refutation Soundness / 3.4.7:
Completeness for <$>{\cal M}{\cal Q}{\cal L}<$> Satisfiability / 3.4.8:
Enumerating Models / 3.4.9:
Minimal Model Generation / 4:
Decidability of Local Minimality / 4.1:
Linguistics / Part II:
The Analysis of Definites / 5:
The Semantics of Definite Descriptions / 5.1:
Definites and Deduction / 5.1.2:
How Models Interpret Sentences / 5.1.3:
Discourse Models / 5.1.4:
Models for Definites / 5.1.5:
Uniqueness and Lots of Rabbits / 5.1.6:
Some Representations / 5.2:
Simple Cases / 5.2.1:
Donkeys, Context Sets, and Anaphoric Use / 5.2.2:
Quantifiers and Donkey Sentences / 5.2.3:
Context Set Restrictions / 5.2.4:
The Treatment of Names / 5.2.5:
Restrictions with Knowledge / 5.2.6:
Implicit Knowledge and Accommodation / 5.2.7:
Bridging / 5.2.8:
Simple Cases Revisited / 5.2.9:
Non-resolvable Anaphora in DRT / 5.2.10:
Definites Are Not Anaphora / 5.2.11:
Non-existence / 5.2.12:
What We Have Learned so Far / 5.3:
Reciprocity / 6:
Exploring the Meaning of Each Other / 6.1:
Reciprocals for Larger Groups / 6.2.1:
Classifying Reciprocal Meaning / 6.2.2:
Strong Reciprocity / 6.2.3:
One-Way Weak Reciprocity / 6.2.4:
Inclusive Alternative Ordering / 6.2.5:
Intermediate Reciprocity / 6.2.6:
Intermediate Alternative Reciprocity / 6.2.7:
Strong Alternative Reciprocity / 6.2.8:
Parameterisation / 6.2.9:
The Landscape of Reciprocity / 6.2.10:
Parameterised Definitions / 6.2.11:
Interpreting Reciprocals / 6.2.12:
The Strongest Meaning Hypothesis / 6.2.13:
A Counter-Example / 6.2.14:
The SMH Does Not Compute (Yet) / 6.2.15:
Inference to Best Reciprocal Meaning / 6.3:
To Strong Meaning through Minimality / 6.3.1:
Predicate Minimisation / 6.3.2:
A Logical Encoding of Less Is More / 6.3.3:
A First Attempt at Computation / 6.3.4:
First Method: Minimality by Proof / 6.3.5:
Second Method: Minimality by Bounded Search / 6.3.6:
Third Method: A Two-Stage Combination / 6.3.7:
Conservative Minimality / 6.3.8:
Experiments / 6.4:
Pitchers and Pearls / 6.4.1:
The Boston Pitchers / 6.4.2:
Pearls / 6.4.3:
Measles / 6.4.4:
Marriages / 6.4.5:
Loose Ends / 6.5:
How We Can Understand Each Other / 6.6:
Abduction / 7:
What Is Abduction? / 7.1:
A Formal Definition of Abduction / 7.1.1:
Models for Anaphora Resolution / 7.2:
Chasing the Criminal / 7.2.1:
Explaining Resolutions / 7.2.2:
Discussion / 7.2.3:
Incremental Inference instead of Generate-and-Test / 7.2.4:
An Alternative by Conservative Minimality / 7.2.5:
Weighted Abduction / 7.3:
Logic Programming and Abduction / 7.3.1:
Abductive Explanations / 7.3.2:
Weights and Costs / 7.3.3:
Applications / 7.3.4:
Definite Reference / 7.3.5:
Composite Noun Phrases / 7.3.6:
Resolving Ambiguity / 7.3.7:
Similarities / 7.3.8:
Differences and Comparison / 7.3.10:
Implementation / 8:
System Architecture / 8.1:
The Syntax / 8.3:
Formulas / 8.3.1:
Problem Specifications / 8.3.3:
A Small Example / 8.3.4:
The Semantics / 8.3.5:
Logic Definition Structures / 8.4.1:
Propagator Procedures / 8.4.2:
Monadic Quantifiers / 8.4.3:
Diadic Quantifiers / 8.4.5:
The Translation / 8.4.6:
Proof Engines and Controlling Search / 8.5:
Proof Engines / 8.5.1:
Search / 8.5.2:
System Performance / 8.6:
Identifying Single Solutions / 8.6.1:
Kimba as a Propositional Theorem Prover / 8.6.2:
Generating Minimal Models / 8.6.3:
Conclusion / 9:
Why Inference Is Worth the Effort / 9.1:
Contributions / 9.2:
Models as Meaning / 9.3:
Some Example Problems / A:
The Job Puzzle / A.1:
Reciprocals: The Boston Pitchers / A.2:
References
Index
Motivation / 1:
The Subject of This Volume / 1.1:
Interpretation, Analysis, Computation / 1.2:
9.

図書

図書
David A. Watt ; with contributions by William Findlay
出版情報: Chichester : John Wiley & Sons, c2004  xviii, 473 p. ; 24 cm
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Preface
Introduction / Part I:
Programming languages / 1:
Programming linguistics / 1.1:
Concepts and paradigms / 1.1.1:
Syntax, semantics, and pragmatics / 1.1.2:
Language processors / 1.1.3:
Historical development / 1.2:
Summary
Further reading
Exercises
Basic Concepts / Part II:
Values and types / 2:
Types / 2.1:
Primitive types / 2.2:
Built-in primitive types / 2.2.1:
Defined primitive types / 2.2.2:
Discrete primitive types / 2.2.3:
Composite types / 2.3:
Cartesian products, structures, and records / 2.3.1:
Mappings, arrays, and functions / 2.3.2:
Disjoint unions, discriminated records, and objects / 2.3.3:
Recursive types / 2.4:
Lists / 2.4.1:
Strings / 2.4.2:
Recursive types in general / 2.4.3:
Type systems / 2.5:
Static vs dynamic typing / 2.5.1:
Type equivalence / 2.5.2:
The Type Completeness Principle / 2.5.3:
Expressions / 2.6:
Literals / 2.6.1:
Constructions / 2.6.2:
Function calls / 2.6.3:
Conditional expressions / 2.6.4:
Iterative expressions / 2.6.5:
Constant and variable accesses / 2.6.6:
Implementation notes / 2.7:
Representation of primitive types / 2.7.1:
Representation of Cartesian products / 2.7.2:
Representation of arrays / 2.7.3:
Representation of disjoint unions / 2.7.4:
Representation of recursive types / 2.7.5:
Variables and storage / 3:
Simple variables / 3.1:
Composite variables / 3.3:
Total vs selective update / 3.3.1:
Static vs dynamic vs flexible arrays / 3.3.2:
Copy semantics vs reference semantics / 3.4:
Lifetime / 3.5:
Global and local variables / 3.5.1:
Heap variables / 3.5.2:
Persistent variables / 3.5.3:
Pointers / 3.6:
Pointers and recursive types / 3.6.1:
Dangling pointers / 3.6.2:
Commands / 3.7:
Skips / 3.7.1:
Assignments / 3.7.2:
Proper procedure calls / 3.7.3:
Sequential commands / 3.7.4:
Collateral commands / 3.7.5:
Conditional commands / 3.7.6:
Iterative commands / 3.7.7:
Expressions with side effects / 3.8:
Command expressions / 3.8.1:
Expression-oriented languages / 3.8.2:
Storage for global and local variables / 3.9:
Storage for heap variables / 3.9.2:
Representation of dynamic and flexible arrays / 3.9.3:
Bindings and scope / 4:
Bindings and environments / 4.1:
Scope / 4.2:
Block structure / 4.2.1:
Scope and visibility / 4.2.2:
Static vs dynamic scoping / 4.2.3:
Declarations / 4.3:
Type declarations / 4.3.1:
Constant declarations / 4.3.2:
Variable declarations / 4.3.3:
Procedure definitions / 4.3.4:
Collateral declarations / 4.3.5:
Sequential declarations / 4.3.6:
Recursive declarations / 4.3.7:
Scopes of declarations / 4.3.8:
Blocks / 4.4:
Block commands / 4.4.1:
Block expressions / 4.4.2:
The Qualification Principle / 4.4.3:
Procedural abstraction / 5:
Function procedures and proper procedures / 5.1:
Function procedures / 5.1.1:
Proper procedures / 5.1.2:
The Abstraction Principle / 5.1.3:
Parameters and arguments / 5.2:
Copy parameter mechanisms / 5.2.1:
Reference parameter mechanisms / 5.2.2:
The Correspondence Principle / 5.2.3:
Implementation of procedure calls / 5.3:
Implementation of parameter mechanisms / 5.3.2:
Advanced Concepts / Part III:
Data abstraction / 6:
Program units, packages, and encapsulation / 6.1:
Packages / 6.1.1:
Encapsulation / 6.1.2:
Abstract types / 6.2:
Objects and classes / 6.3:
Classes / 6.3.1:
Subclasses and inheritance / 6.3.2:
Abstract classes / 6.3.3:
Single vs multiple inheritance / 6.3.4:
Interfaces / 6.3.5:
Representation of objects / 6.4:
Implementation of method calls / 6.4.2:
Generic abstraction / 7:
Generic units and instantiation / 7.1:
Generic packages in ADA / 7.1.1:
Generic classes in C++ / 7.1.2:
Type and class parameters / 7.2:
Type parameters in ADA / 7.2.1:
Type parameters in C++ / 7.2.2:
Class parameters in JAVA / 7.2.3:
Implementation of ADA generic units / 7.3:
Implementation of C++ generic units / 7.3.2:
Implementation of JAVA generic units / 7.3.3:
Inclusion polymorphism / 8:
Types and subtypes / 8.1.1:
Classes and subclasses / 8.1.2:
Parametric polymorphism / 8.2:
Polymorphic procedures / 8.2.1:
Parameterized types / 8.2.2:
Type inference / 8.2.3:
Overloading / 8.3:
Type conversions / 8.4:
Implementation of parametric polymorphism / 8.5:
Control flow / 9:
Sequencers / 9.1:
Jumps / 9.2:
Escapes / 9.3:
Exceptions / 9.4:
Implementation of jumps and escapes / 9.5:
Implementation of exceptions / 9.5.2:
Concurrency / 10:
Why concurrency? / 10.1:
Programs and processes / 10.2:
Problems with concurrency / 10.3:
Nondeterminism / 10.3.1:
Speed dependence / 10.3.2:
Deadlock / 10.3.3:
Starvation / 10.3.4:
Process interactions / 10.4:
Independent processes / 10.4.1:
Competing processes / 10.4.2:
Communicating processes / 10.4.3:
Concurrency primitives / 10.5:
Process creation and control / 10.5.1:
Interrupts / 10.5.2:
Spin locks and wait-free algorithms / 10.5.3:
Events / 10.5.4:
Semaphores / 10.5.5:
Messages / 10.5.6:
Remote procedure calls / 10.5.7:
Concurrent control abstractions / 10.6:
Conditional critical regions / 10.6.1:
Monitors / 10.6.2:
Rendezvous / 10.6.3:
Paradigms / Part IV:
Imperative programming / 11:
Key concepts / 11.1:
Pragmatics / 11.2:
A simple spellchecker / 11.2.1:
Case study: C / 11.3:
Variables, storage, and control / 11.3.1:
Independent compilation / 11.3.3:
Preprocessor directives / 11.3.6:
Function library / 11.3.7:
Case study: Ada / 11.3.8:
Separate compilation / 11.4.1:
Package library / 11.4.8:
Object-oriented programming / 11.4.9:
Case study: C++ / 12.1:
Independent compilation and preprocessor directives / 12.3.1:
Class and template library / 12.3.8:
Case study: Java / 12.3.9:
Separate compilation and dynamic linking / 12.4.1:
Class library / 12.4.8:
Case study: Ada95 / 12.4.9:
Concurrent programming / 12.5.1:
Process creation and termination / 13.1:
Mutual exclusion / 13.3.2:
Admission control / 13.3.3:
Scheduling away deadlock / 13.3.4:
Functional programming / 13.4:
Eager vs normal-order vs lazy evaluation / 14.1:
Case study: Haskell / 14.2:
Lazy evaluation / 14.3.1:
Modeling state / 14.3.5:
Logic programming / 14.3.8:
Case study: Prolog / 15.1:
Values, variables, and terms / 15.3.1:
Assertions and clauses / 15.3.2:
Relations / 15.3.3:
The closed-world assumption / 15.3.4:
Control / 15.3.5:
Input/output / 15.3.7:
Scripting / 15.3.8:
Regular expressions / 16.1:
Case study: Python / 16.3:
Module library / 16.3.1:
Conclusion / Part V:
Language selection / 17:
Criteria / 17.1:
Evaluation / 17.2:
Language design / 18:
Selection of concepts / 18.1:
Regularity / 18.2:
Simplicity / 18.3:
Efficiency / 18.4:
Syntax / 18.5:
Language life cycles / 18.6:
The future / 18.7:
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
Preface
Introduction / Part I:
Programming languages / 1:
10.

図書

図書
Iain Stewart
出版情報: London : Taylor & Francis, 2004  xi, 360 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: The liquid crystals book series
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Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction / 1:
The Discovery of Liquid Crystals / 1.1:
Basic Descriptions of Liquid Crystals / 1.2:
The Development of the Continuum Theory of Liquid Crystals / 1.3:
Notation and Conventions / 1.4:
Static Theory of Nematics / 2:
The Frank-Oseen Elastic Energy / 2.1:
The Nematic Energy / 2.2.1:
The Cholesteric Energy / 2.2.2:
Electric and Magnetic Fields / 2.3:
Electric Fields and the Electric Energy / 2.3.1:
Magnetic Fields and the Magnetic Energy / 2.3.2:
Comments on Fields and Units / 2.3.3:
Equilibrium Equations / 2.4:
Preliminaries / 2.4.1:
Derivation of the Equilibrium Equations / 2.4.2:
General Equilibrium Solutions / 2.5:
Anchoring and Boundary Conditions / 2.6:
No Anchoring / 2.6.1:
Strong Anchoring / 2.6.2:
Conical Anchoring / 2.6.3:
Weak Anchoring / 2.6.4:
Reformulation of Equilibrium Equations / 2.7:
Bulk Equilibrium Equations / 2.7.1:
Reformulation of Boundary Conditions / 2.7.2:
Applications of Static Theory of Nematics / 3:
Some Equilibrium Solutions / 3.1:
Elementary Equilibrium Solutions / 3.2.1:
Tilt and Twist Equilibrium Solutions / 3.2.2:
Magnetic Coherence Length / 3.3:
Freedericksz Transitions / 3.4:
The Classical Freedericksz Transitions in Nematics / 3.4.1:
Pretilt at the Boundaries / 3.4.2:
Tilted Fields / 3.4.3:
Electric Field Effects / 3.5:
Weak Anchoring Effects / 3.6:
The Twisted Nematic Device / 3.7:
Defects / 3.8:
Axial Line Disclinations / 3.8.1:
Perpendicular Disclinations / 3.8.2:
Boundary Line Disclinations / 3.8.3:
Point Defects at a Surface / 3.8.4:
Dynamic Theory of Nematics / 4:
The Ericksen-Leslie Dynamic Equations / 4.1:
Kinematics and Material Frame-Indifference / 4.2.1:
Balance Laws / 4.2.2:
Constitutive Equations / 4.2.3:
The Dynamic Equations / 4.2.4:
Summary of the Ericksen-Leslie Dynamic Equations / 4.2.5:
Reformulation of the Dynamic Equations / 4.3:
The Nematic Viscosities / 4.4:
Applications of Dynamic Theory of Nematics / 5:
A Simple Flow Alignment / 5.1:
A Transverse Flow Effect / 5.3:
The Zwetkoff Experiment / 5.4:
Shear Flow / 5.5:
Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Behaviour / 5.5.1:
Governing Equations for Shear Flow / 5.5.2:
Shear Flow Near a Boundary / 5.5.3:
Shear Flow between Parallel Plates / 5.5.4:
Scaling Properties / 5.5.5:
Oscillatory Shear Flow / 5.6:
Oscillatory Shear Flow Solutions / 5.6.1:
Stability and Instability / 5.6.2:
Couette Flow / 5.7:
The Anisotropic Fluid Case / 5.7.1:
The Nematic Liquid Crystal Case / 5.7.2:
Poiseuille Flow / 5.8:
Results from a Scaling Analysis / 5.8.1:
Dynamics of the Freedericksz Transition / 5.9:
Dynamics in the Twist Geometry / 5.9.1:
Backflow and Kickback in the Splay Geometry / 5.9.2:
Backflow in the Bend Geometry / 5.9.3:
Light Scattering / 5.10:
Theory of Smectic C Liquid Crystals / 6:
Static Theory of Smectic C / 6.1:
The Elastic Energy for Smectic C / 6.2.1:
The Magnetic and Electric Energies / 6.2.2:
Focal Conic Defects: Dupin and Parabolic Cyclides / 6.2.3:
A Freedericksz Transition in Bookshelf Smectic C / 6.2.5:
Smectic Layer Compression / 6.2.6:
Dynamic Theory of Smectic C / 6.3:
Dynamic Equations for SmC Liquid Crystals / 6.3.1:
The Smectic C Viscosities / 6.3.2:
Simple Flow Alignment in Smectic C / 6.3.3:
Theory of Smectic C* Liquid Crystals / 6.4:
Energies for Smectic C* / 6.4.1:
Static and Dynamic Theory for Smectic C* / 6.4.2:
Director Reorientation in Smectic C* / 6.4.3:
Comments on Theories of Smectics / 6.5:
Results Employing Variational Methods / A:
Identities / B:
Physical Components in Cylindrical Polar Coordinates / C:
Tables / D:
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction / 1:
11.

図書

図書
edited by Patrick J. Hussey
出版情報: Oxford, UK : Blackwell , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2004  xiii, 325 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Annual plant reviews ; v. 10
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List of contributors
Preface
The cytoskeleton: the machinery and key molecules / Part 1:
Microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins / Clive Lloyd ; Jordi Chan ; Patrick J. Hussey1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Plant tubulin / 1.2:
Microtubule-associated proteins / 1.3:
Cross-bridging MAPs / 1.3.1:
Proteins that link microtubules to the plasma membrane / 1.3.2:
Microtubule motor proteins / 1.3.3:
Kinesin-related proteins in cytokinesis / 1.3.3.1:
Kinesin-related proteins in mitosis / 1.3.3.2:
Kinesin-related proteins in interphase / 1.3.3.3:
Dynein / 1.3.3.4:
Proteins involved in microtubule nucleation and release: the formation of the cortical array / 1.3.4:
Microtubule-interacting proteins / 1.3.5:
Concluding remarks / 1.4:
References
Actin and actin-modulating proteins / Christopher J. Staiger2:
Actin / 2.1:
Myosin / 2.3:
Actin-binding proteins: overview / 2.4:
Monomer-binding proteins / 2.5:
ADF/cofilin / 2.5.1:
Profilin / 2.5.2:
Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein / 2.5.3:
Cross-linking and bundling factors / 2.6:
Fimbrin / 2.6.1:
Villin and gelsolin-related proteins / 2.6.2:
115-ABP / 2.6.3:
eEF-1[alpha] / 2.6.4:
Spectrin / 2.6.5:
Capping factors / 2.7:
Capping protein (CP) / 2.7.1:
CapG / 2.7.2:
Others / 2.7.3:
Nucleation complexes / 2.8:
Arp2/3 / 2.8.1:
Other F-actin binding proteins / 2.9:
SuSy / 2.9.1:
ABP/MAP190 / 2.9.2:
AIP1 / 2.9.3:
Annexin / 2.9.4:
Gephyrin/AtCNX1 / 2.9.5:
AtSH3P / 2.9.6:
Caldesmon / 2.9.7:
Tropomyosin / 2.9.8:
Vinculin / 2.9.9:
LIM proteins / 2.9.10:
Acknowledgements / 2.10:
Fundamental cytoskeletal activities / Part 2:
Expanding beyond the great divide: the cytoskeleton and axial growth / Geoffrey O. Wasteneys ; David A. Collings3:
Division planes and the establishment of axiality / 3.1:
Cell plate formation and expansion / 3.2.1:
Phragmoplast microtubule and microfilament organization / 3.2.2:
Motor proteins during phragmoplast formation and expansion / 3.2.3:
Vesicle transport in the phragmoplast could be kinesin-based / 3.2.3.1:
Structural MAPs and kinesins function in phragmoplast formation and expansion / 3.2.3.2:
Expansion of the phragmoplast and cell plate requires both kinesins and myosins / 3.2.3.3:
Cytoskeletal mutants defective in cytokinesis / 3.2.4:
Setting up for axial growth: distinguishing lateral and end walls / 3.3:
The cytoskeleton at end walls of elongating cells / 3.3.1:
Establishing axial growth / 3.4:
A transverse cortical microtubule array is essential for axial growth / 3.4.1:
Microtubules and their relationship with cellulose microfibrils and xyloglucans / 3.4.2:
Does the cytoskeleton regulate wall polysaccharide and protein composition? / 3.4.3:
Hormones, cytoskeleton and wall extensibility / 3.4.4:
How does the actin cytoskeleton contribute to cell elongation? / 3.4.5:
Polar auxin transport and its regulation by the actin cytoskeleton / 3.5:
Auxin transport and the chemiosmotic theory / 3.5.1:
Important questions concerning auxin transport and the actin cytoskeleton / 3.5.2:
Small GTPases may be a key to the shuttling of auxin efflux carriers / 3.5.3:
Auxin and gene expression / 3.5.4:
Bending and twisting--the consequences of differential growth / 3.6:
Tropic bending responses / 3.6.1:
Twisting / 3.6.2:
Conclusions and future perspectives / 3.7:
Re-staging plant mitosis / Magdalena Weingarner ; Laszlo Bogre ; John H. Doonan4:
The cyclin dependent protein kinases / 4.1:
Cdk structure and diversity / 4.2.1:
Regulation of Cdk activity / 4.2.2:
Sequence of events during mitosis / 4.3:
Stage 1: preparation for mitosis / 4.3.1:
Stage 2: commitment to mitosis / 4.3.2:
Stage 3: preventing premature genome separation / 4.3.3:
Stage 4: separating the genome / 4.3.4:
Stage 5: exit from mitosis / 4.3.5:
Preparing for mitosis / 4.4:
Animal A-type cyclins / 4.4.1:
Plant A-type cyclins / 4.4.2:
The DNA damage checkpoint / 4.4.3:
Commitment to mitosis / 4.5:
Commitment to mitosis in animal cells / 4.5.1:
Commitment to mitosis in plant cells / 4.5.2:
The role of animal B-type cyclins / 4.5.3:
The role of plant B-type cyclins / 4.5.4:
Condensation of chromatin / 4.6:
Condensation of chromatin in animal cells / 4.6.1:
Condensation of chromatin in plant cells / 4.6.2:
Spindle formation / 4.7:
Spindle formation in animal cells / 4.7.1:
Spindle formation in plant cells / 4.7.2:
The spindle assembly checkpoint pathway / 4.8:
Regulation of APC / 4.8.1:
Separating the genome / 4.9:
Onset of APC-mediated proteolysis in animal cells / 4.9.1:
Onset of APC-mediated proteolysis in plant cells / 4.9.2:
Exit from mitosis and cytokinesis / 4.10:
Regulators of late mitotic events in animal cells / 4.10.1:
Late mitotic events in plant cells / 4.10.2:
Concluding remarks and perspectives / 4.11:
Organelle movements: transport and positioning / Franz Grolig5:
Transport and positioning of particular organelles / 5.1:
Peroxisome / 5.2.1:
Endoplasmic reticulum / 5.2.2:
Golgi / 5.2.3:
Vacuoles / 5.2.4:
Mitochondria / 5.2.5:
Chloroplasts / 5.2.6:
Algae / 5.2.6.1:
Mosses / 5.2.6.2:
Ferns / 5.2.6.3:
Seed plants / 5.2.6.4:
Nucleus / 5.2.7:
Premitotic nuclear positioning / 5.2.7.1:
Nuclear migrations elicited by external stimuli / 5.2.7.2:
Light-governed nuclear migration / 5.2.7.3:
Phragmoplast/cytokinesis / 5.2.8:
The cell wall: a sensory panel for signal transduction / Keiko Sugimoto-Shirasu ; Nicholas C. Carpita ; Maureen C. McCann5.3:
Plant cell wall composition and architecture / 6.1:
Cellulose / 6.2.1:
Cross-linking glycans / 6.2.2:
Pectins / 6.2.3:
Structural proteins / 6.2.4:
Aromatic substances / 6.2.5:
Cell growth and wall extensibility / 6.3:
The biophysics of growth underpins cell wall dynamics / 6.3.1:
The biochemical determinants of yield threshold and extensibility / 6.3.2:
Functional architecture revealed by mutation and transgenic approaches / 6.4:
The cellulose--cross-linking glycan network / 6.4.1:
The role of the cytoskeleton / 6.4.3:
Targeting of cell wall components / 6.5.1:
Mechanical connections / 6.5.2:
Sensing through the plasma membrane / 6.5.3:
The cytoskeleton and plant cell morphogenesis / 6.6:
Development of root hairs / Claire Grierson ; Tijs Ketelaar7:
Roles of the cytoskeleton in root hair morphogenesis / 7.1:
Microtubules / 7.2.1:
Microtubules affect root hair cell fate / 7.2.1.1:
Microtubules and root hair initiation / 7.2.1.2:
Microtubules control direction of root hair tip growth and prevent hairs from branching / 7.2.1.3:
Microtubules help to move the nucleus during tip growth in some species, but not in others / 7.2.1.4:
Actin filaments / 7.2.2:
Actin limits the size of the initiation site / 7.2.2.1:
Actin mediates tip growth by targeting vesicle delivery / 7.2.2.2:
F-actin is essential for the Arabidopsis nucleus to move during and after tip growth / 7.2.2.3:
Actin mediates cytoplasmic streaming in roots hairs / 7.2.2.4:
Actin at the end of tip growth / 7.2.2.5:
Mechanisms that regulate the cytoskeleton during root hair development / 7.3:
Mechanisms regulating root hair patterning / 7.3.1:
Mechanisms that regulate initiation / 7.3.2:
Mechanisms regulating tip growth / 7.3.3:
Mechanisms acting at the end of tip growth / 7.3.4:
The genetic network controlling root hair morphogenesis in Arabidopsis / 7.4:
Genes involved in root hair patterning / 7.4.1:
Genes affecting initiation / 7.4.2:
Genes required for tip growth to be established / 7.4.3:
Genes required to sustain and direct tip growth / 7.4.4:
Genes involved in nuclear movement / 7.4.5:
Genes with roles at the end of tip growth / 7.4.6:
Signaling the cytoskeleton in pollen tube germination and growth / Rui Malho ; Luisa Camacho7.5:
Different signaling pathways converge in the cytoskeleton / 8.1:
The actin cytoskeleton is the major motor driving force in pollen tube growth / 8.3:
Microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins in pollen tube growth / 8.4:
Ca[superscript 2+], modulator of the cytoskeleton / 8.5:
Signaling the cytoskeleton through phosphoinositides / 8.6:
Calmodulin, a primary Ca[superscript 2+] sensor / 8.7:
Protein kinases and phosphatases / 8.8:
14-3-3 proteins / 8.9:
The role of cyclic nucleotides / 8.10:
GTPases, the signaling switches / 8.11:
Transducons - the unity for signaling / 8.12:
Cytoskeletal requirements during Arabidopsis trichome development / Mark Beilstein ; Dan Szymanski8.13:
Trichome morphogenesis / 9.1:
Arabidopsis / 9.2.1:
Members of the Brassicaceae / 9.2.2:
Arabidopsis trichome development / 9.3:
Initiation and leaf development / 9.3.1:
Genetics of initiation / 9.3.2:
Arabidopsis trichome morphogenesis / 9.4:
Cytoskeletal inhibitors / 9.4.1:
Cytoskeletal organization in developing trichomes / 9.4.2:
Genetics of trichome morphogenesis / 9.4.2.1:
Reduced branching mutants: microtubule-based functions / 9.5.1:
ZWICHEL (ZWI) / 9.5.1.1:
Tubulin folding cofactors (TFCs) / 9.5.1.2:
Arabidopsis katanin small subunit (AtKSS) / 9.5.1.3:
ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) / 9.5.1.4:
SPIKE1 (SPK1) / 9.5.1.5:
The distorted trichome shape mutants: actin-based functions / 9.5.2:
Signaling and the cytoskeleton in guard cells / Paula Duque ; Juan-Pablo Sanchez ; Nam-Hai Chua9.6:
Guard cell signaling / 10.1:
Cytosolic calcium / 10.2.1:
Cytosolic pH / 10.2.2:
Cyclic ADP-ribose / 10.2.3:
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and other lipid-derived second messengers / 10.2.4:
Membrane trafficking / 10.2.5:
New key intermediates / 10.2.7:
The cytoskeleton in guard cell function / 10.3:
(Re)organization of actin filaments / 10.3.1:
Rho GTPases / 10.3.1.1:
Cell volume regulation / 10.3.1.4:
Other hints of signaling to the guard cell actin cytoskeleton / 10.3.1.5:
Involvement of microtubules / 10.3.2:
Conclusions and perspectives / 10.4:
Acknowledgments
Index
The cytoskeleton: the machinery and key moleculesMicrotubules and microtubule-associated proteins / Jordi Chan, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK ; Patrick J. Hussey, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, UK
Actin and actinmodulating proteins / Chris J. Staiger, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana, USA
Fundamental cytoskeleton activities
The cytoskeleton and plant cell morphogenesisDevelopment of root hairs / David A. Collings, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia ; Magdalena Weingarner, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany ; Laszlo Bgre, School of Biological Sciences, University of London, Surrey, UK ; John Doonan, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK ; Franz Grolig, Fachbereich Biologie / Botanik, Philipps-Universitt, Marburg, Germany ; Nicholas C. Carpita, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, Indiana, USA ; Maureen McCann, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK ; Tijs Ketelaar, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
List of contributors
Preface
The cytoskeleton: the machinery and key molecules / Part 1:
12.

図書

図書
Richard Sharp
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2004  xvi, 195 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in computer science ; 2963
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Introduction / 1:
Hardware Description Languages / 1.1:
Hardware Synthesis / 1.2:
High-Level Synthesis / 1.2.1:
Motivation for Higher Level Tools / 1.3:
Lack of Structuring Support / 1.3.1:
Limitations of Static Scheduling / 1.3.2:
Structure of the Monograph / 1.4:
Related Work / 2:
Verilog and VHDL / 2.1:
The Olympus Synthesis System / 2.2:
The HardwareC Language / 2.2.1:
Hercules / 2.2.2:
Hebe / 2.2.3:
Functional Languages / 2.3:
/?FP: An Algebra for VLSI Specification / 2.3.1:
Embedding HDLs in General-Purpose Functional Languages / 2.3.2:
Term Rewriting Systems / 2.4:
Occam/CSP-Based Approaches / 2.5:
Handel and Handel-C / 2.5.1:
Tangram and Balsa / 2.5.2:
Synchronous Languages / 2.6:
Summary / 2.7:
The SAFL Language / 3:
Motivation / 3.1:
Language Definition / 3.2:
Static Allocation / 3.2.1:
Integrating with External Hardware Components / 3.2.2:
Semantics / 3.2.3:
Concrete Syntax / 3.2.4:
Hardware Synthesis Using SAFL / 3.3:
Automatic Generation of Parallel Hardware / 3.3.1:
Resource Awareness / 3.3.2:
Source-Level Program Transformation / 3.3.3:
Static Analysis and Optimisation / 3.3.4:
Architecture Independence / 3.3.5:
Aside: Dealing with Mutual Recursion / 3.4:
Eliminating Mutual Recursion by Transformation / 3.4.1:
Soft Scheduling / 3.5:
Motivation and Related Work / 4.1:
Translating SAFL to Hardware / 4.1.1:
Soft Scheduling: Technical Details / 4.2:
Removing Redundant Arbiters / 4.2.1:
Parallel Conflict Analysis (PCA) / 4.2.2:
Integrating PCA into the FLaSH Compiler / 4.2.3:
Examples and Discussion / 4.3:
Parallel FIR Filter / 4.3.1:
Shared-Memory Multi-processor Architecture / 4.3.2:
Parallel Tasks Sharing Graphical Display / 4.3.3:
Program Transformation for Scheduling and Binding / 4.4:
High-Level Synthesis of SAFL / 4.5:
FLaSH Intermediate Code / 5.1:
The Structure of Intermediate Grap / 5.1.1:
Translation to Intermediate Code / 5.1.2:
Translation to Synchronous Hardware / 5.2:
Compiling Expressions / 5.2.1:
Compiling Functions / 5.2.2:
Generated Verilog / 5.2.3:
Compiling External Functions / 5.2.4:
Translation to GALS Hardware / 5.3:
A Brief Discussion of Metastability / 5.3.1:
Interfacing between Different Clock Domains / 5.3.2:
Modifying the Arbitration Circuitry / 5.3.3:
Analysis and Optimisation of Intermediate Code / 5.4:
Architecture-Neutral verses Architecture-Specific / 6.1:
Definitions and Terminology / 6.2:
Register Placement Analysis and Optimisation / 6.3:
Sharing Conflicts / 6.3.1:
Technical Details / 6.3.2:
Resource Dependency Analysis / 6.3.3:
Data Validity Analysis / 6.3.4:
Sequential Conflict Register Placement / 6.3.5:
Extending the Model: Calling Conventions / 6.4:
Caller-Save Resource Dependency Analysis / 6.4.1:
Caller-Save Permanisation Analysis / 6.4.2:
Synchronous Timing Analysis / 6.5:
Associated Optimisations / 6.5.1:
Results and Discussion / 6.6:
Register Placement Analysis: Results / 6.6.1:
Synchronous Timing Optimisations: Results / 6.6.2:
Dealing with I/O / 6.7:
SAFL+ Language Description / 7.1:
Channels and Channel Passing / 7.1.1:
The Motivation for Channel Passing / 7.1.3:
Translating SAFL+ to Hardware / 7.2:
Extending Analyses from SAFL to SAFL+ / 7.2.1:
Operational Semantics for SAFL+ / 7.3:
Transition Rules / 7.3.1:
Semantics for Channel Passing / 7.3.2:
Non-determinism / 7.3.3:
Combining Behaviour and Structure / 7.4:
Embedding Structural Expansion in SAFL / 8.1:
Building Combinatorial Hardware in Magma / 8.2.1:
Integrating SAFL and Magma / 8.2.2:
Aside: Embedding Magma in VHDL/Verilog / 8.3:
Transformation of SAFL Specifications / 8.4:
Hardware Software CoDesign / 9.1:
Comparison with Other Work / 9.1.1:
The Stack Machine Template / 9.2:
Stack Machine Instances / 9.2.2:
Compilation to Stack Code / 9.2.3:
The Partitioning Transformation / 9.2.4:
Validity of Partitioning Functions / 9.2.5:
Extensions / 9.2.6:
Transformations from SAFL to SAFL+ / 9.3:
Case Study / 9.4:
The SAFL to Silicon Tool Chain / 10.1:
DES Encrypter/Decrypter / 10.2:
Adding Hardware VGA Support / 10.2.1:
Conclusions and Further Work / 10.3:
Future Work / 11.1:
Appendix
DES Encryption/Decryption Circuit / A:
Transformations to Pipeline DES / B:
A Simple Stack Machine and Instruction Memory / C:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Hardware Description Languages / 1.1:
Hardware Synthesis / 1.2:
13.

図書

図書
Sergei K. Lando, Alexander K. Zvonkin ; appendix by Don B. Zagier
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2004  xv, 455 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Encyclopaedia of mathematical sciences / editor-in-chief, R.V. Gamkrelidze ; v. 141 . Low-dimensional topology ; 2
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Introduction: What is This Book About / 0:
New Life of an Old Theory / 0.1:
Plan of the Book / 0.2:
What You Will Not Find in this Book / 0.3:
Constellations, Coverings, and Maps / 1:
Constellations / 1.1:
Ramified Coverings of the Sphere / 1.2:
First Definitions / 1.2.1:
Coverings and Fundamental Groups / 1.2.2:
Ramified Coverings of the Sphere and Constellations / 1.2.3:
Surfaces / 1.2.4:
Maps / 1.3:
Graphs Versus Maps / 1.3.1:
Maps: Topological Definition / 1.3.2:
Maps: Permutational Model / 1.3.3:
Cartographic Groups / 1.4:
Hypermaps / 1.5:
Hypermaps and Bipartite Maps / 1.5.1:
Trees / 1.5.2:
Appendix: Finite Linear Groups / 1.5.3:
Canonical Triangulation / 1.5.4:
More Than Three Permutations / 1.6:
Preimages of a Star or of a Polygon / 1.6.1:
Cacti / 1.6.2:
Preimages of a Jordan Curve / 1.6.3:
Further Discussion / 1.7:
Coverings of Surfaces of Higher Genera / 1.7.1:
Ritt's Theorem / 1.7.2:
Symmetric and Regular Constellations / 1.7.3:
Review of Riemann Surfaces / 1.8:
Dessins d'Enfants / 2:
Introduction: The Belyi Theorem / 2.1:
Plane Trees and Shabat Polynomials / 2.2:
General Theory Applied to Trees / 2.2.1:
Simple Examples / 2.2.2:
More Advanced Examples / 2.2.3:
Belyi Functions and Belyi Pairs / 2.3:
Galois Action and Its Combinatorial Invariants / 2.4:
Preliminaries / 2.4.1:
Galois Invariants / 2.4.2:
Two Theorems on Trees / 2.4.3:
Several Facets of Belyi Functions / 2.5:
A Bound of Davenport-Stothers-Zannier / 2.5.1:
Jacobi Polynomials / 2.5.2:
Fermat Curve / 2.5.3:
The abc Conjecture / 2.5.4:
Julia Sets / 2.5.5:
Pell Equation for Polynomials / 2.5.6:
Proof of the Belyi Theorem / 2.6:
The "Only If" Part of the Belyi Theorem / 2.6.1:
Comments to the Proof of the "Only If" Part / 2.6.2:
The "If", or the "Obvious" Part of the Belyi Theorem / 2.6.3:
Introduction to the Matrix Integrals Method / 3:
Model Problem: One-Face Maps / 3.1:
Gaussian Integrals / 3.2:
The Gaussian Measure on the Line / 3.2.1:
Gaussian Measures in <$>{\op R}^k<$> / 3.2.2:
Integrals of Polynomials and the Wick Formula / 3.2.3:
A Gaussian Measure on the Space of Hermitian Matrices / 3.2.4:
Matrix Integrals and Polygon Gluings / 3.2.5:
Computing Gaussian Integrals. Unitary Invariance / 3.2.6:
Computation of the Integral for One Face Gluings / 3.2.7:
Matrix Integrals for Multi-Faced Maps / 3.3:
Feynman Diagrams / 3.3.1:
The Matrix Integral for an Arbitrary Gluing / 3.3.2:
Getting Rid of Disconnected Graphs / 3.3.3:
Enumeration of Colored Graphs / 3.4:
Two-Matrix Integrals and the Ising Model / 3.4.1:
The Gauss Problem / 3.4.2:
Meanders / 3.4.3:
On Enumeration of Meanders / 3.4.4:
Computation of Matrix Integrals / 3.5:
Example: Computing the Volume of the Unitary Group / 3.5.1:
Generalized Hermite Polynomials / 3.5.2:
Planar Approximations / 3.5.3:
Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) Hierarchy for the Universal One-Matrix Model / 3.6:
Singular Behavior of Generating Functions / 3.6.1:
The Operator of Multiplication by λ in the Double Scaling Limit / 3.6.2:
The One-Matrix Model and the KdV Hierarchy / 3.6.3:
Constructing Solutions to the KdV Hierarchy from the Sato Grassmanian / 3.6.4:
Physical Interpretation / 3.7:
Mathematical Relations Between Physical Models / 3.7.1:
Feynman Path Integrals and String Theory / 3.7.2:
Quantum Field Theory Models / 3.7.3:
Other Models / 3.7.4:
Appendix / 3.8:
Generating Functions / 3.8.1:
Connected and Disconnected Objects / 3.8.2:
Logarithm of a Power Series and Wick's Formula / 3.8.3:
Geometry of Moduli Spaces of Complex Curves / 4:
Generalities on Nodal Curves and Orbifolds / 4.1:
Differentials and Nodal Curves / 4.1.1:
Quadratic Differentials / 4.1.2:
Orbifolds / 4.1.3:
Moduli Spaces of Complex Structures / 4.2:
The Deligne-Mumford Compactification / 4.3:
Combinatorial Models of the Moduli Spaces of Curves / 4.4:
Orbifold Euler Characteristic of the Moduli Spaces / 4.5:
Intersection Indices on Moduli Spaces and the String and Dilaton Equations / 4.6:
KdV Hierarchy and Witten's Conjecture / 4.7:
The Kontsevich Model / 4.8:
A Sketch of Kontsevich's Proof of Witten's Conjecture / 4.9:
The Generating Function for the Kontsevich Model / 4.9.1:
The Kontsevich Model and Intersection Theory / 4.9.2:
The Kontsevich Model and the KdV Equation / 4.9.3:
Meromorphic Functions and Embedded Graphs / 5:
The Lyashko-Looijenga Mapping and Rigid Classification of Generic Polynomials / 5.1:
The Lyashko-Looijenga Mapping / 5.1.1:
Construction of the LL Mapping on the Space of Generic Polynomials / 5.1.2:
Proof of the Lyashko-Looijenga Theorem / 5.1.3:
Rigid Classification of Nongeneric Polynomials and the Geometry of the Discriminant / 5.2:
The Discriminant in the Space of Polynomials and Its Stratification / 5.2.1:
Statement of the Enumeration Theorem / 5.2.2:
Primitive Strata / 5.2.3:
Proof of the Enumeration Theorem / 5.2.4:
Rigid Classification of Generic Meromorphic Functions and Geometry of Moduli Spaces of Curves / 5.3:
Calculations: Genus 0 and Genus 1 / 5.3.1:
Cones and Their Segre Classes / 5.3.3:
Cones of Principal Parts / 5.3.4:
Hurwitz Spaces / 5.3.5:
Completed Hurwitz Spaces and Stable Mappings / 5.3.6:
Extending the LL Mapping to Completed Hurwitz Spaces / 5.3.7:
Computing the Top Segre Class; End of the Proof / 5.3.8:
The Braid Group Action / 5.4:
Braid Groups / 5.4.1:
Braid Group Action on Cacti: Generalities / 5.4.2:
Experimental Study / 5.4.3:
Primitive and Imprimitive Monodromy Groups / 5.4.4:
Perspectives / 5.4.5:
Megamaps / 5.5:
Hurwitz Spaces of Coverings with Four Ramification Points / 5.5.1:
Representation of <$>\overline {H}<$> as a Dessin d'Enfant / 5.5.2:
Examples / 5.5.3:
Algebraic Structures Associated with Embedded Graphs / 6:
The Bialgebra of Chord Diagrams / 6.1:
Chord Diagrams and Arc Diagrams / 6.1.1:
The 4-Term Relation / 6.1.2:
Multiplying Chord Diagrams / 6.1.3:
A Bialgebra Structure / 6.1.4:
Structure Theorem for the Bialgebra <$>{\cal M}<$> / 6.1.5:
Primitive Elements of the Bialgebra of Chord Diagrams / 6.1.6:
Knot Invariants and Origins of Chord Diagrams / 6.2:
Knot Invariants and their Extension to Singular Knots / 6.2.1:
Invariants of Finite Order / 6.2.2:
Deducing 1-Term and 4-Term Relations for Invariants / 6.2.3:
Chord Diagrams of Singular Links / 6.2.4:
Weight Systems / 6.3:
A Bialgebra Structure on the Module <$>{\cal V}<$> of Vassiliev Knot Invariants / 6.3.1:
Renormalization / 6.3.2:
Vassiliev Knot Invariants and Other Knot Invariants / 6.3.3:
Constructing Weight Systems via Intersection Graphs / 6.4:
The Intersection Graph of a Chord Diagram / 6.4.1:
Tutte Functions for Graphs / 6.4.2:
The 4-Bialgebra of Graphs / 6.4.3:
The Bialgebra of Weighted Graphs / 6.4.4:
Constructing Vassiliev Invariants from 4-Invariants / 6.4.5:
Constructing Weight Systems via Lie Algebras / 6.5:
Free Associative Algebras / 6.5.1:
Universal Enveloping Algebras of Lie Algebras / 6.5.2:
Some Other Algebras of Embedded Graphs / 6.5.3:
Circle Diagrams and Open Diagrams / 6.6.1:
The Algebra of 3-Graphs / 6.6.2:
The Temperley-Lieb Algebra / 6.6.3:
Applications of the Representation Theory of Finite Groups / Don ZagierA:
Representation Theory of Finite Groups / A.1:
Irreducible Representations and Characters / A.1.1:
Frobenius's Formula / A.1.2:
Applications / A.2:
Representations of Sn and Canonical Polynomials Associated to Partitions / A.2.1:
First Application: Enumeration of Polygon Gluings / A.2.2:
Second Application: the Goulden-Jackson Formula / A.2.4:
Third Application: "Mirror Symmetry" in Dimension One / A.2.5:
References
Index
Introduction: What is This Book About / 0:
New Life of an Old Theory / 0.1:
Plan of the Book / 0.2:
14.

図書

図書
Herbert Oertel, editor ; with contributions by M. Böhle ... [et al.] ; translated by Katherine Mayes
出版情報: New York ; Tokyo : Springer, c2004  xii, 723 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Applied mathematical sciences ; v.158
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Introduction / 1:
Properties of Liquids and Gases / 2:
Properties of Liquids / 2.1:
State of Stress / 2.2:
Liquid Pressure / 2.3:
Properties of Gases / 2.4:
Gas Pressure / 2.5:
Interaction Between Gas Pressure and Liquid Pressure / 2.6:
Equilibrium in Other Force Fields / 2.7:
Surface Stress (Capillarity) / 2.8:
Problems / 2.9:
Kinematics of Fluid Flow / 3:
Methods of Representation / 3.1:
Acceleration of a Flow / 3.2:
Topology of a Flow / 3.3:
Dynamics of Fluid Flow / 3.4:
Dynamics of Inviscid Liquids / 4.1:
Continuity and the Bernoulli Equation / 4.1.1:
Consequences of the Bernoulli Equation / 4.1.2:
Pressure Measurement / 4.1.3:
Interfaces and Formation of Vortices / 4.1.4:
Potential Flow / 4.1.5:
Wing Lift and the Magnus Effect / 4.1.6:
Balance of Momentum for Steady Flows / 4.1.7:
Waves on a Free Liquid Surface / 4.1.8:
Dynamics of Viscous Liquids / 4.1.9:
Viscosity (Inner Friction), the Navier-Stokes Equation / 4.2.1:
Mechanical Similarity, Reynolds Number / 4.2.2:
Laminar Boundary Layers / 4.2.3:
Onset of Turbulence / 4.2.4:
Fully Developed Turbulence / 4.2.5:
Flow Separation and Vortex Formation / 4.2.6:
Secondary Flows / 4.2.7:
Flows with Prevailing Viscosity / 4.2.8:
Flows Through Pipes and Channels / 4.2.9:
Drag of Bodies in Liquids / 4.2.10:
Flows in Non-Newtonian Media / 4.2.11:
Dynamics of Gases / 4.2.12:
Pressure Propagation, Velocity of Sound / 4.3.1:
Steady Compressible Flows / 4.3.2:
Conservation of Energy / 4.3.3:
Theory of Normal Shock Waves / 4.3.4:
Flows past Corners, Free Jets / 4.3.5:
Flows with Small Perturbations / 4.3.6:
Flows past Airfoils / 4.3.7:
Fundamental Equations of Fluid Mechanics / 4.3.8:
Continuity Equation / 5.1:
Navier-Stokes Equations / 5.2:
Laminar Flows / 5.2.1:
Reynolds Equations for Turbulent Flows / 5.2.2:
Energy Equation / 5.3:
Turbulent Flows / 5.3.1:
Fundamental Equations as Conservation Laws / 5.4:
Hierarchy of Fundamental Equations / 5.4.1:
Derived Model Equations / 5.4.2:
Multiphase Flows / 5.4.4:
Reactive Flows / 5.4.6:
Differential Equations of Perturbations / 5.5:
Aerodynamics / 5.6:
Fundamentals of Aerodynamics / 6.1:
Bird Flight and Technical Imitations / 6.1.1:
Airfoils and Wings / 6.1.2:
Airfoil and Wing Theory / 6.1.3:
Aerodynamic Facilities / 6.1.4:
Transonic Aerodynamics / 6.2:
Swept Wings / 6.2.1:
Shock-Boundary-Layer Interaction / 6.2.2:
Flow Separation / 6.2.3:
Supersonic Aerodynamics / 6.3:
Delta Wings / 6.3.1:
Fundamentals of Turbulent Flows / 6.4:
Linear Stability / 7.2:
Nonlinear Stability / 7.2.2:
Nonnormal Stability / 7.2.3:
Developed Turbulence / 7.3:
The Notion of a Mixing Length / 7.3.1:
Turbulent Mixing / 7.3.2:
Energy Relations in Turbulent Flows / 7.3.3:
Classes of Turbulent Flows / 7.4:
Free Turbulence / 7.4.1:
Flow Along a Boundary / 7.4.2:
Rotating and Strati.ed Flows, Flows with Curvature Effects / 7.4.3:
Turbulence in Tunnels / 7.4.4:
Two-Dimensional Turbulence / 7.4.5:
New Developments in Turbulence / 7.5:
Lagrangian Investigations of Turbulence / 7.5.1:
Field-Theoretic Methods / 7.5.2:
Outlook / 7.5.3:
Fluid-Mechanical Instabilities / 8:
Fundamentals of Fluid-Mechanical Instabilities / 8.1:
Examples of Fluid-Mechanical Instabilities / 8.1.1:
De.nition of Stability / 8.1.2:
Local Perturbations / 8.1.3:
Stratification Instabilities / 8.2:
Rayleigh-Benard Convection / 8.2.1:
Marangoni Convection / 8.2.2:
Diffusion Convection / 8.2.3:
Hydrodynamic Instabilities / 8.3:
Taylor Instability / 8.3.1:
Gortler Instability / 8.3.2:
Shear-Flow Instabilities / 8.4:
Boundary-Layer Flows / 8.4.1:
Tollmien-Schlichting and Cross-Flow Instabilities / 8.4.2:
Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability / 8.4.3:
Wake Flows / 8.4.4:
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer / 9:
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer / 9.1:
Free and Forced Convection / 9.1.1:
Heat Conduction and Convection / 9.1.2:
Diffusion and Convection / 9.1.3:
Free Convection / 9.2:
Convection at a Vertical Plate / 9.2.1:
Convection at a Horizontal Cylinder / 9.2.2:
Forced Convection / 9.3:
Pipe Flows / 9.3.1:
Bodies in Flows / 9.3.2:
Heat and Mass Exchange / 9.4:
Mass Exchange at the Flat Plate / 9.4.1:
Multiphase / 10:
Preface
Introduction / 1:
Properties of Liquids and Gases / 2:
15.

図書

図書
Mauro Barni, Franco Bartolini
出版情報: New York : Marcel Dekker, c2004  xv, 466 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Signal processing and communications series ; 21
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Series introduction
Preface
Introduction / 1:
Elements of a watermarking system / 1.1:
Information coding / 1.1.1:
Embedding / 1.1.2:
Concealment / 1.1.3:
Watermark impairments / 1.1.4:
Recovery of the hidden information / 1.1.5:
Protocol considerations / 1.2:
Capacity of watermarking techniques / 1.2.1:
Multiple embedding / 1.2.2:
Robustness / 1.2.3:
Blind vs. non-blind recovery / 1.2.4:
Private vs. public watermarking / 1.2.5:
Readable vs. detectable watermarks / 1.2.6:
Invertibility and quasi-invertibility / 1.2.7:
Reversibility / 1.2.8:
Asymmetric watermarking / 1.2.9:
Audio vs image vs video assets / 1.3:
Further reading / 1.4:
Applications / 2:
IPR protection / 2.1:
Demonstration of rightful ownership / 2.1.1:
Fingerprinting / 2.1.2:
Copy control / 2.1.3:
Authentication / 2.2:
Cryptography vs watermarking / 2.2.1:
A general authentication framework / 2.2.2:
Requirements of data-hiding-based authentication / 2.2.3:
Data hiding for multimedia transmission / 2.3:
Data compression / 2.3.1:
Error recovery / 2.3.2:
Annotation watermarks / 2.4:
Labelling for data retrieval / 2.4.1:
Bridging the gap between analog and digital objects / 2.4.2:
Covert communications / 2.5:
Information coding in detectable watermarking / 2.6:
Spread spectrum watermarking / 3.1.1:
Orthogonal waveforms watermarking / 3.1.2:
Orthogonal vs PN watermarking / 3.1.3:
Self-synchronizing PN sequences / 3.1.4:
Power spectrum shaping / 3.1.5:
Chaotic sequences / 3.1.6:
Direct embedding / 3.1.7:
Waveform-based readable watermarking / 3.2:
Information coding through M-ary signaling / 3.2.1:
Position encoding / 3.2.2:
Binary signaling / 3.2.3:
Direct embedding readable watermarking / 3.3:
Direct embedding binary signalling with bit repetition / 3.3.1:
Channel coding / 3.4:
Block codes / 3.4.1:
Convolutional codes / 3.4.2:
Coding vs bit repetition / 3.4.3:
Channel coding vs orthogonal signaling / 3.4.4:
Informed coding / 3.4.5:
Data embedding / 3.5:
Feature selection / 4.1:
Watermarking in the asset domain / 4.1.1:
Watermarking in a transformed domain / 4.1.2:
Hybrid techniques / 4.1.3:
Watermarking in the compressed domain / 4.1.4:
Miscellaneous non-conventional choices of the feature set / 4.1.5:
Blind embedding / 4.2:
Additive watermarking / 4.2.1:
Multiplicative watermarking / 4.2.2:
Informed embedding / 4.3:
Detectable watermarking / 4.3.1:
Readable watermarking / 4.3.2:
Data concealment / 4.4:
The Human Visual System / 5.1:
The Weber law and the contrast / 5.1.1:
The contrast sensitivity function / 5.1.2:
The masking effect / 5.1.3:
Mapping luminance to images / 5.1.4:
Perception of color stimuli / 5.1.5:
Perception of time-varying stimuli / 5.1.6:
The Human Auditory System (HAS) / 5.2:
Concealment through feature selection / 5.2.1:
Concealment through signal adaptation / 5.4:
Concealment through perceptual masks / 5.4.1:
Concealment relying on visibility thresholds / 5.4.2:
Heuristic approaches for still images / 5.4.3:
A theoretically funded perceptual threshold for still images / 5.4.4:
MPEG-based concealment for audio / 5.4.5:
Application oriented concealment / 5.5:
Video surveillance systems / 5.5.1:
Remote sensing images / 5.5.2:
Data recovery / 5.6:
Watermark detection / 6.1:
A hypothesis testing problem / 6.1.1:
AWGN channel / 6.1.2:
Additive / Generalized Gaussian channel / 6.1.3:
Signal dependent noise with host rejection at the embedder / 6.1.4:
Taking perceptual masking into account / 6.1.5:
Multiplicative Gaussian channel / 6.1.6:
Multiplicative Weibull channel / 6.1.7:
Multichannel detection / 6.1.8:
Decoding / 6.2:
General problem for binary signalling / 6.2.1:
Binary signaling through AWGN channel / 6.2.2:
Generalized Gaussian channel / 6.2.3:
Multiplicative watermarking with Gaussian noise / 6.2.4:
Multiplicative watermarking of Weibull-distributed features / 6.2.5:
Quantization Index Modulation / 6.2.6:
Decoding in the presence of channel coding / 6.2.7:
Assessment of watermark presence / 6.2.8:
Watermark impairments and benchmarking / 6.3:
Classification of attacks / 7.1:
Measuring obtrusiveness and attack strength / 7.2:
Gaussian noise addition / 7.3:
Additive vs multiplicative watermarking / 7.3.1:
Spread Spectrum vs QIM watermarking / 7.3.2:
Conventional signal processing / 7.4:
The gain attack / 7.4.1:
Histogram equalization / 7.4.2:
Filtering / 7.4.3:
Lossy coding / 7.5:
Quantization of the watermarked features / 7.5.1:
Geometric manipulations / 7.6:
Asset translation / 7.6.1:
Asset zooming / 7.6.2:
Image rotation / 7.6.3:
More complex geometric transformations / 7.6.4:
Countermeasures against geometric manipulations / 7.6.5:
Editing / 7.7:
Digital to analog and analog to digital conversion / 7.8:
Malicious attacks / 7.9:
Attack estimation / 7.10:
Benchmarking / 7.11:
Early benchmarking systems / 7.11.1:
StirMark / 7.11.2:
Improving conventional systems / 7.11.3:
A new benchmarking structure / 7.11.4:
Security issues / 7.12:
Security by obscurity / 8.1:
The symmetric case / 8.2:
The asymmetric case / 8.3:
Playing open cards / 8.4:
Security based on protocol design / 8.5:
An information theoretic perspective / 8.6:
Some historical notes / 9.1:
The watermarking game / 9.2:
The rules of the game / 9.2.1:
Some selected results / 9.2.2:
Capacity under average distortion constraints / 9.2.3:
The additive attack watermarking game / 9.3:
Game definition and main results / 9.3.1:
Costa's writing on dirty paper / 9.3.2:
Lattice-based capacity-achieving watermarking / 9.4:
Equi-energetic structured code-books / 9.5:
Bibliography / 9.6:
Index
Series introduction
Preface
Introduction / 1:
16.

図書

図書
Michael Köhler, Wolfgang Fritzsche
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2004  ix, 272 p ; 25 cm
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Introduction / 1:
The Way into the Nanoworld / 1.1:
From Micro- to Nanotechniques / 1.1.1:
Definition of Nanostructures / 1.1.2:
Insight into the Nanoworld / 1.1.3:
Intervention into the Nanoworld / 1.1.4:
Building Blocks of Nanotechnology / 1.2:
Interactions and Topology / 1.3:
The Microscopic Environment of the Nanoworld / 1.4:
Molecular Basics / 2:
Particles and Bonds / 2.1:
Chemical Bonds in Nanotechnology / 2.1.1:
Van der Waals Interactions / 2.1.2:
Dipole-Dipole Interactions / 2.1.3:
Ionic Interactions / 2.1.4:
Metal Bonds / 2.1.5:
Covalent Bonds / 2.1.6:
Coordinative Bonds / 2.1.7:
Hydrogen Bridge Bonds / 2.1.8:
Polyvalent Bonds / 2.1.9:
Chemical Structure / 2.2:
Binding Topologies / 2.2.1:
Building Blocks of Covalent Architecture / 2.2.2:
Units for a Coordinated Architecture / 2.2.3:
Building Blocks for Weakly Bound Aggregates / 2.2.4:
Assembly of Complex Structures through the Internal Hierarchy of Binding Strengths / 2.2.5:
Reaction Probability and Reaction Equilibrium / 2.2.6:
Microtechnological Foundations / 3:
Planar Technology / 3.1:
Preparation of Thin Layers / 3.2:
Condition and Preprocessing of the Substrate Surface / 3.2.1:
Layer Deposition from the Gas Phase / 3.2.2:
Evaporation / 3.2.3:
Sputtering / 3.2.4:
Chemical Vapor Deposition / 3.2.5:
Galvanic Deposition / 3.2.6:
Deposition by Spinning (Spin Coating) / 3.2.7:
Shadow-mask Deposition Techniques / 3.2.8:
Preparation of Ultrathin Inorganic Layers and Surface-bound Nanoparticles / 3.3:
Ultrathin Layers by Vacuum Deposition Processes / 3.3.1:
Deposition of Ultrathin Films from the Liquid Phase / 3.3.2:
In Situ Generation of Ultrathin Inorganic Films by Chemical Surface Modification / 3.3.3:
In Situ Formation of Ultrathin Inorganic Layers on Heteroorganic Materials / 3.3.4:
Immobilization of Nanoparticles / 3.3.5:
In Situ Formation of Inorganic Nanoparticles / 3.3.6:
Structure Generation and Fabrication of Lithographic Masks / 3.4:
Adhesive Mask Technique / 3.4.1:
Role of Resist in Photolithography / 3.4.2:
Serial Pattern Transfer / 3.4.3:
Group Transfer Processes / 3.4.4:
Maskless Structure Generation / 3.4.5:
Soft Lithography / 3.4.6:
Etching Processes / 3.5:
Etching Rate and Selectivity / 3.5.1:
Isotropic and Anisotropic Etching Processes / 3.5.2:
Lithographic Resolution in Etching Processes / 3.5.3:
Wet Etching Processes / 3.5.4:
Dry Etching Processes / 3.5.5:
High-resolution Dry Etching Techniques / 3.5.6:
Choice of Mask for Nanolithographic Etching Processes / 3.5.7:
Packaging / 3.6:
Biogenic and Bioanalogue Molecules in Technical Microstructures / 3.7:
Preparation of Nanostructures / 4:
Principles of Fabrication / 4.1:
Subtractive and Additive Creation of Nanostructures / 4.1.1:
Nanostructure Generation by Lift-off Processes / 4.1.2:
Principles of Nanotechnical Shape-definition and Construction / 4.1.3:
Nanomechanical Structure Generation / 4.2:
Scaling Down of Mechanical Processing Techniques / 4.2.1:
Local Mechanical Cutting Processes / 4.2.2:
Surface Transport Methods / 4.2.3:
Reshaping Processes / 4.2.4:
Printing Processes / 4.2.5:
Nanolithography / 4.3:
Structure Transfer by Electromagnetic Radiation / 4.3.1:
Nanolithographic Transfer of Groups of Elements by Optical Projection / 4.3.2:
EUV and X-ray Lithography / 4.3.3:
Multilayer Resists Techniques with Optical Pattern Transfer / 4.3.4:
Near-field Optical Structure Techniques with Contact Masks / 4.3.5:
Energetic Particles in Nanolithographic Structure Transfer / 4.3.6:
Electron Beam Lithography / 4.3.7:
Ion Beam Lithography / 4.3.8:
Atomic Beam Lithography / 4.3.9:
Molecular and Nanoparticle Beam Lithography / 4.3.10:
Direct Writing of Structures by a Particle Beam / 4.3.11:
Single-particle Beam Processes / 4.3.12:
Nanofabrication by Self-structuring Masks / 4.3.13:
Nanofabrication by Scanning Probe Techniques / 4.4:
Scanning Force Probes / 4.4.1:
Particle Manipulation With a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) / 4.4.2:
Thermo-mechanical Writing of Nanostructures / 4.4.3:
Electrically Induced Structure Generation by Scanning Probe Techniques / 4.4.4:
Chemical Electrodeless Induced Scanning Probe Structure Generation / 4.4.5:
Nanostructure Generation by Optical Near-field Probes / 4.4.6:
Nanotechnical Structures / 5:
Inorganic Solids / 5.1:
Influence of Material Morphology on Nanoscale Pattern Processes / 5.1.1:
Inorganic Dielectrics / 5.1.2:
Metals / 5.1.3:
Semiconductors / 5.1.4:
Carbon / 5.1.5:
Organic Solids and Layer Structures / 5.2:
Solids Composed of Smaller Molecules / 5.2.1:
Organic Monolayer and Multilayer Stacks / 5.2.2:
Synthetic Organic Polymers / 5.2.3:
Biopolymers / 5.2.4:
Molecular Monolayer and Layer Architectures / 5.3:
Langmuir-Blodgett Films / 5.3.1:
Self-assembled Surface Films / 5.3.2:
Binding of Molecules on Solid Substrate Surfaces / 5.3.3:
Secondary Coupling of Molecular Monolayers / 5.3.4:
Categories of Molecular Layers / 5.3.5:
Molecular Coupling Components (Linkers) and Distance Components (Spacers) / 5.3.6:
Definition of Binding Spots on Solid Substrates / 5.3.7:
Architectures with Single Molecules / 5.4:
Single Molecules as Nanostructures / 5.4.1:
Strategies of Molecular Construction / 5.4.2:
Biogenic and Bioanalogous Nanoarchitectures / 5.4.3:
DNA Nanoarchitectures / 5.4.4:
Synthetic Supramolecules / 5.4.5:
Nanoparticles and Nanocompartments / 5.4.6:
Combination of Molecular Architectures and Nanoparticles with Planar Technical Structures / 5.5:
Characterization of Nanostructures / 6:
Geometrical Characterization / 6.1:
Layer Thickness and Vertical Structure Dimensions / 6.1.1:
Lateral Dimensions / 6.1.2:
Structures that Assist Measurement / 6.1.3:
Characterization of Composition of Layers and Surfaces / 6.2:
Atomic Composition / 6.2.1:
Characterization of the Chemical Surface / 6.2.2:
Functional Characterization of Nanostructures / 6.3:
Nanotransducers / 7:
Design of Nanotransducers / 7.1:
Nanomechanical Elements / 7.2:
Nanomechanical Sensors / 7.2.1:
Nanometer-precision Position Measurements with Conventional Techniques / 7.2.2:
Electrically Controlled Nanoactuators / 7.2.3:
Chemically Driven Nanoactuators / 7.2.4:
Rigidity of Nanoactuators / 7.2.5:
Nanoelectronic Devices / 7.3:
Electrical Contacts and Nanowires / 7.3.1:
Nanostructured Tunneling Barriers / 7.3.2:
Quantum Dots and Localization of Elementary Particles / 7.3.3:
Nanodiodes / 7.3.4:
Electron Islands and Nanotransistors / 7.3.5:
Nanoswitches, Molecular Switches and Logic Elements / 7.3.6:
Nanooptical Devices / 7.4:
Nanostructures as Optical Sensors / 7.4.1:
Nanostructured Optical Actuators / 7.4.2:
Nanooptical Switching and Conversion Elements / 7.4.3:
Magnetic Nanotransducers / 7.5:
Chemical Nanoscale Sensors and Actuators / 7.6:
Technical Nanosystems / 8:
What are Nanosystems? / 8.1:
Systems with Nanocomponents / 8.2:
Entire Systems with Nanometer Dimensions / 8.3:
Table of Examples
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
The Way into the Nanoworld / 1.1:
From Micro- to Nanotechniques / 1.1.1:
17.

図書

図書
Sankar K. Pal and Pabitra Mitra
出版情報: Boca Raton, FL : Chapman & Hall/CRC, c2004  xxix, 244 p. ; 25 cm
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Foreword
Preface
List of Tables
List of Figures
Introduction / 1:
Pattern Recognition in Brief / 1.1:
Data acquisition / 1.2.1:
Feature selection/extraction / 1.2.2:
Classification / 1.2.3:
Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) / 1.3:
Data Mining / 1.4:
Data mining tasks / 1.4.1:
Data mining tools / 1.4.2:
Applications of data mining / 1.4.3:
Different Perspectives of Data Mining / 1.5:
Database perspective / 1.5.1:
Statistical perspective / 1.5.2:
Pattern recognition perspective / 1.5.3:
Research issues and challenges / 1.5.4:
Scaling Pattern Recognition Algorithms to Large Data Sets / 1.6:
Data reduction / 1.6.1:
Dimensionality reduction / 1.6.2:
Active learning / 1.6.3:
Data partitioning / 1.6.4:
Granular computing / 1.6.5:
Efficient search algorithms / 1.6.6:
Significance of Soft Computing in KDD / 1.7:
Scope of the Book / 1.8:
Multiscale Data Condensation / 2:
Data Condensation Algorithms / 2.1:
Condensed nearest neighbor rule / 2.2.1:
Learning vector quantization / 2.2.2:
Astrahan's density-based method / 2.2.3:
Multiscale Representation of Data / 2.3:
Nearest Neighbor Density Estimate / 2.4:
Multiscale Data Condensation Algorithm / 2.5:
Experimental Results and Comparisons / 2.6:
Density estimation / 2.6.1:
Test of statistical significance / 2.6.2:
Classification: Forest cover data / 2.6.3:
Clustering: Satellite image data / 2.6.4:
Rule generation: Census data / 2.6.5:
Study on scalability / 2.6.6:
Choice of scale parameter / 2.6.7:
Summary / 2.7:
Unsupervised Feature Selection / 3:
Feature Extraction / 3.1:
Feature Selection / 3.3:
Filter approach / 3.3.1:
Wrapper approach / 3.3.2:
Feature Selection Using Feature Similarity (FSFS) / 3.4:
Feature similarity measures / 3.4.1:
Feature selection through clustering / 3.4.2:
Feature Evaluation Indices / 3.5:
Supervised indices / 3.5.1:
Unsupervised indices / 3.5.2:
Representation entropy / 3.5.3:
Comparison: Classification and clustering performance / 3.6:
Redundancy reduction: Quantitative study / 3.6.2:
Effect of cluster size / 3.6.3:
Active Learning Using Support Vector Machine / 3.7:
Support Vector Machine / 4.1:
Incremental Support Vector Learning with Multiple Points / 4.3:
Statistical Query Model of Learning / 4.4:
Query strategy / 4.4.1:
Confidence factor of support vector set / 4.4.2:
Learning Support Vectors with Statistical Queries / 4.5:
Experimental Results and Comparison / 4.6:
Classification accuracy and training time / 4.6.1:
Effectiveness of the confidence factor / 4.6.2:
Margin distribution / 4.6.3:
Rough-fuzzy Case Generation / 4.7:
Soft Granular Computing / 5.1:
Rough Sets / 5.3:
Information systems / 5.3.1:
Indiscernibility and set approximation / 5.3.2:
Reducts / 5.3.3:
Dependency rule generation / 5.3.4:
Linguistic Representation of Patterns and Fuzzy Granulation / 5.4:
Rough-fuzzy Case Generation Methodology / 5.5:
Thresholding and rule generation / 5.5.1:
Mapping dependency rules to cases / 5.5.2:
Case retrieval / 5.5.3:
Rough-fuzzy Clustering / 5.6:
Clustering Methodologies / 6.1:
Algorithms for Clustering Large Data Sets / 6.3:
Clarans: Clustering large applications based upon randomized search / 6.3.1:
Birch: Balanced iterative reducing and clustering using hierarchies / 6.3.2:
Dbscan: Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise / 6.3.3:
Sting: Statistical information grid / 6.3.4:
CemmiStri: Clustering using EM, Minimal Spanning Tree and Rough-fuzzy Initialization / 6.4:
Mixture model estimation via EM algorithm / 6.4.1:
Rough set initialization of mixture parameters / 6.4.2:
Mapping reducts to mixture parameters / 6.4.3:
Graph-theoretic clustering of Gaussian components / 6.4.4:
Multispectral Image Segmentation / 6.5:
Discretization of image bands / 6.6.1:
Integration of EM, MST and rough sets / 6.6.2:
Index for segmentation quality / 6.6.3:
Experimental results and comparison / 6.6.4:
Rough Self-Organizing Map / 6.7:
Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) / 7.1:
Learning / 7.2.1:
Effect of neighborhood / 7.2.2:
Incorporation of Rough Sets in SOM (RSOM) / 7.3:
Unsupervised rough set rule generation / 7.3.1:
Mapping rough set rules to network weights / 7.3.2:
Rule Generation and Evaluation / 7.4:
Extraction methodology / 7.4.1:
Evaluation indices / 7.4.2:
Clustering and quantization error / 7.5:
Performance of rules / 7.5.2:
Classification, Rule Generation and Evaluation using Modular Rough-fuzzy MLP / 7.6:
Ensemble Classifiers / 8.1:
Association Rules / 8.3:
Rule generation algorithms / 8.3.1:
Rule interestingness / 8.3.2:
Classification Rules / 8.4:
Rough-fuzzy MLP / 8.5:
Fuzzy MLP / 8.5.1:
Rough set knowledge encoding / 8.5.2:
Modular Evolution of Rough-fuzzy MLP / 8.6:
Algorithm / 8.6.1:
Evolutionary design / 8.6.2:
Rule Extraction and Quantitative Evaluation / 8.7:
Rule extraction methodology / 8.7.1:
Quantitative measures / 8.7.2:
Rule extraction / 8.8:
Role of Soft-Computing Tools in KDD / 8.9:
Fuzzy Sets / A.1:
Clustering / A.1.1:
Association rules / A.1.2:
Functional dependencies / A.1.3:
Data summarization / A.1.4:
Web application / A.1.5:
Image retrieval / A.1.6:
Neural Networks / A.2:
Clustering and self organization / A.2.1:
Regression / A.2.3:
Neuro-fuzzy Computing / A.3:
Genetic Algorithms / A.4:
Other Hybridizations / A.5:
Data Sets Used in Experiments / B:
References
Index
About the Authors
Foreword
Preface
List of Tables
18.

図書

図書
Kiyosi Itô ; edited by Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen, Ken-iti Sato
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2004  xii, 234 p. ; 24 cm
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Preliminaries / 0:
Independence / 0.1:
Central Values and Dispersions / 0.2:
Centralized Sum of Independent Random Variables / 0.3:
Infinitely Divisible Distributions / 0.4:
Continuity and Discontinuity of Infinitely Divisible Distributions / 0.5:
Conditional Probability and Expectation / 0.6:
Martingales / 0.7:
Additive Processes (Processes with Independent Increments) / 1:
Definitions / 1.1:
Decomposition of Additive Processes / 1.2:
The Levy Modification of Additive Processes Continuous in Probability / 1.3:
Elementary Lévy Processes / 1.4:
Fundamental Lemma / 1.5:
Structure of Sample Functions of Lévy Processes (a) / 1.6:
Structure of Sample Functions of Lévy Processes (b) / 1.7:
Three Components of Lévy Processes / 1.8:
Random Point Measures / 1.9:
Homogeneous Additive Processes and Homogeneous Lévy Processes / 1.10:
Levy Processes with Increasing Paths / 1.11:
Stable Processes / 1.12:
Markov Processes / 2:
Transition Probabilities and Transition Operators on Compact Metrizable Spaces / 2.1:
Summary of the Hille-Yosida Theory of Semi-Groups / 2.2:
Transition Semi-Group / 2.3:
Probability Law of the Path / 2.4:
Markov Property / 2.5:
The s-Algebras B, Bt, and B(S) / 2.6:
Strong Markov Property / 2.7:
Superposition of Stopping Times / 2.8:
An Inequality of Kolmogorov Type and its Application / 2.9:
Hitting Times of Closed Sets / 2.10:
Dynkin's Formula / 2.11:
Markov Processes in Generalized Sense / 2.12:
Examples / 2.13:
Markov Processes with a Countable State Space / 2.14:
Fine Topology / 2.15:
Generator in Generalized Sense / 2.16:
The Kac Semi-Group and its Application to the Arcsine Law / 2.17:
Markov Processes and Potential Theory / 2.18:
Brownian Motion and the Dirichlet Problem / 2.19:
Exercises
Chapter 0 / E.0:
Chapter 1 / E.1:
Chapter 2 / E.2:
Appendix: Solutions of Exercises
Index / A.0:
Preliminaries / 0:
Independence / 0.1:
Central Values and Dispersions / 0.2:
19.

図書

図書
Bill Sutherland
出版情報: River Edge, NJ : World Scientific, c2004  xv, 381 p. ; 24 cm
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Preface
Overview / 1:
Orientation / 1.1:
An experiment--ballistic expansion / 1.2:
One dimension versus two or three dimensions / 1.3:
Quantum mechanics / 1.4:
The essence of the Bethe ansatz / 1.5:
A simple example--the 1/r[superscript 2] potential / 1.6:
References and history / 1.7:
Integrability and Nondiffraction / 2:
What does it mean to say that a system is integrable? / 2.1:
Scattering without diffraction / 2.2:
Proof of integrability for the hyperbolic potential / 2.3:
The potentials / 2.3.1:
Proof of integrability / 2.3.2:
The asymptotic momenta are conserved / 2.3.3:
The [delta]-function potential / 2.4:
Adding periodic boundary conditions / 2.5:
This is not a low-density approximation / 2.6:
Techniques / 3:
Our fundamental equation / 3.1:
The ground state / 3.2:
Response of the ground state / 3.3:
Excitations near the ground state / 3.4:
Zero-temperature thermodynamics / 3.5:
Finite temperature thermodynamics / 3.6:
The inverse-square potential--an example / 3.7:
The Classical Limit / 4:
Classical diffraction--pictures from an exhibition / 4.1:
The classical limit / 4.2:
Classical system at zero temperature / 4.3:
The inverse-square limit--example 1 / 4.4:
The Toda limit--example 2 / 4.5:
Solitons and constant profile solutions / 4.6:
Groundstate Wavefunctions of Product Form / 5:
An ansatz for the ground state wavefunction / 5.1:
Motivation for the product form / 5.1.1:
An inverse problem / 5.1.2:
The trigonometric case / 5.1.3:
Details / 5.1.4:
Excited states for the trigonometric case / 5.2:
Summary / 5.2.1:
A transformation / 5.2.2:
Change of basis / 5.2.3:
Off-diagonal elements of H' / 5.2.4:
Energy eigenvalues / 5.2.5:
Validity of the asymptotic Bethe ansatz / 5.2.6:
An example / 5.2.7:
Ground state correlations for the trigonometric case / 5.3:
The normalization constant / 5.3.1:
Analogy with a classical plasma / 5.3.2:
Important correlation functions / 5.3.3:
Correlations for special values of [lambda] / 5.3.4:
The Heisenberg-Ising Model / 6:
The model and its symmetries / 6.1:
The model / 6.1.1:
Rotational symmetry / 6.1.2:
Translational symmetry / 6.1.3:
Ground state in the thermodynamic limit / 6.1.4:
Other models / 6.1.5:
Quantum lattice gas / 6.1.6:
Statistics of the lattice gas / 6.1.7:
Twisted lattice gas / 6.1.8:
What we are going to find--a preview / 6.1.9:
Bethe's ansatz / 6.2:
The wavefunction / 6.2.1:
Well-separated particles / 6.2.2:
Near-neighbors / 6.2.3:
Two-body phase shift [theta] / 6.2.4:
Periodic boundary conditions / 6.2.5:
Twisted boundary conditions and recapitulation / 6.2.6:
The dilute limit M [double less-than sign] N / 6.3:
M = 0 / 6.3.1:
M = 1 / 6.3.2:
M = 2 / 6.3.3:
A change of variables / 6.4:
[Delta less than sign] -1, antiferromagnet / 6.4.1:
1 [greater than sign Delta greater than sign] -1, paramagnet / 6.4.2:
[Delta] = -1, Heisenberg antiferromagnet / 6.4.3:
Preliminaries / 6.5:
Half-filled lattice / 6.5.2:
[Delta] = -cosh [lambda less than sign] -1, antiferromagnet / 6.5.2.1:
1 [greater than sign Delta] = -cos [mu greater than sign] -1, paramagnet / 6.5.2.2:
Perturbations and excitations of the ground state / 6.5.2.3:
The general results / 6.6.1:
Half-filling / 6.6.2:
Fundamental integral equation / 6.6.2.1:
Near half-filling / 6.7.2:
The function [kappa] / 6.7.3:
Evaluation for the paramagnet / 6.7.4:
Evaluation for the antiferromagnet / 6.7.5:
What do our calculations really mean? / 6.7.6:
The low-density limit and complex solutions / 6.8:
M-strings / 6.8.1:
Dispersion relations / 6.8.2:
Boosting the bound states / 6.8.3:
Further results / 6.9:
Consistency / 7:
How can we show integrability? / 7.1:
The direct approach / 7.1.1:
The constructive approach / 7.1.2:
The indirect approach / 7.1.3:
How can we show non-integrability? / 7.2:
Consistency conditions / 7.3:
Solution to consistency conditions / 7.4:
Two components, conjugation symmetry / 7.4.1:
Necessary conditions for r and t / 7.4.1.1:
Bound states / 7.4.1.3:
Two components, different statistics / 7.4.2:
Three or more components / 7.4.3:
Periodic and twisted boundary conditions / 7.5:
Eigenvectors of the transfer matrix, two-components / 7.6:
The basic equations / 7.6.1:
The winding matrix and the transfer operator / 7.6.2:
Twisted boundary conditions / 7.6.3:
Properties of the winding matrix and the transfer operator / 7.6.4:
Eigenvalues / 7.6.5:
Explicit expressions for the equations / 7.6.6:
Solution to the general problem / 7.6.7:
Eigenvectors of the transfer matrix: multicomponent system / 7.7:
Basic equations / 7.7.1:
Summary of results / 7.7.2:
Exchange Models / 7.8:
Hyperbolic exchange models / 8.1:
Integrability / 8.2:
The two-body phase shifts / 8.3:
The inverse-square exchange potential / 8.4:
The case F[superscript 2]--repulsive / 8.5:
The case B[superscript 2] / 8.5.2:
The case F[superscript 2]--attractive / 8.5.3:
The case BF / 8.5.4:
The Sinh-Cosh Model / 9:
The sinh-cosh potential / 9.1:
The two-body problem / 9.2:
Phase shifts / 9.4:
Spin waves / 9.5:
Solution and results for zero temperature and zero spin/charge / 9.6:
Exchange Lattice Systems by Freezing / 10:
Freezing continuum models to give lattice models / 10.1:
Review of the continuum exchange model / 10.2:
The limit [lambda] to [infinity] / 10.3:
The first order equation / 10.4:
The densities [rho](x) and e(x) / 10.5:
Results for the nearest-neighbor model / 10.6:
Results for the hyperbolic model / 10.7:
The inverse-square lattice at finite temperature / 10.8:
The Hubbard Model / 11:
Other statistics / 11.1:
The phase diagram and symmetries / 11.1.3:
Double occupancy / 11.2:
Two-body scattering amplitudes / 11.2.4:
The repulsive case / 11.2.5:
The fundamental equations / 11.3.1:
The attractive case / 11.3.2:
The bound state / 11.4.1:
Consistency conditions and the scattering of pairs / 11.4.2:
A fluid of pairs / 11.4.3:
Ground state properties at the symmetric point / 11.4.4:
Excitations at the symmetric point / 11.5:
Ground state response / 11.5.1:
Holes and particles in the fluid of pairs / 11.5.2:
Unbound particles / 11.5.3:
Some Two-Body Problems / A:
The potential v(r) = c[delta](r) / A.1:
The potential v(r) = [lambda]([lambda] - 1)/r[superscript 2] / A.3:
The potential v(r) = [lambda]([lambda] - 1)/sinh[superscript 2]r / A.4:
The potential v(r) = -[lambda]([lambda] - 1)/cosh[superscript 2]r / A.5:
Combination potentials / A.6:
Representations / B:
The permutation group / B.1:
The twisted permutation group / B.2:
Two ways to write the Bethe ansatz / B.3:
Two-body scattering / B.4:
The consistency conditions / B.5:
Realizations / B.6:
Lattice gases / B.8.1:
Other realizations / B.8.2:
Nearest-neighbor hopping / B.8.3:
Bibliography / B.8.4:
Index
Preface
Overview / 1:
Orientation / 1.1:
20.

図書

図書
edited by S. Denis ... [et al.]
出版情報: Les Ulis, France : EDP Sciences, 2004  xxv, 826 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Journal de physique, IV ; proceedings, v. 120
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21.

図書

図書
Abul Hasan Siddiqi
出版情報: New York : Marcel Dekker, c2004  xviii, 575 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Monographs and textbooks in pure and applied mathematics ; 258
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Preface
List of Figures
Metric Spaces and Banach Fixed Point Theorem / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Banach Contraction Fixed Point Theorem / 1.2:
Application of Banach Contraction Mapping Theorem / 1.3:
Application to Real-valued Equation / 1.3.1:
Application to Matrix Equation / 1.3.2:
Application to Integral Equation / 1.3.3:
Application to Differential Equation / 1.3.4:
Problems / 1.4:
References
Banach Spaces / 2:
Definitions and Examples of Normed and Banach Spaces / 2.1:
Examples of Normed and Banach Spaces / 2.2.1:
Basic Properties--Closure, Denseness and Separability / 2.3:
Closed, Dense and Separable Sets / 2.3.1:
Riesz Theorem and Construction of a New Banach Space / 2.3.2:
Dimension of Normed Spaces / 2.3.3:
Open and Closed Spheres / 2.3.4:
Bounded and Unbounded Operators / 2.4:
Definitions and Examples / 2.4.1:
Properties of Linear Operators / 2.4.2:
Unbounded Operators / 2.4.3:
Representation of Bounded and Linear Functionals / 2.5:
Algebra of Operators / 2.6:
Convex Functionals / 2.7:
Convex Sets / 2.7.1:
Affine Operator / 2.7.2:
Lower Semicontinuous and Upper Semicontinuous Functionals / 2.7.3:
Solved Problems / 2.8:
Unsolved Problems / 2.8.2:
Hilbert Space / 3:
Basic Definition and Properties / 3.1:
Definitions, Examples and Properties of Inner Product Space / 3.2.1:
Parallelogram Law and Characterization of Hilbert Space / 3.2.2:
Orthogonal Complements and Projection Theorem / 3.3:
Orthogonal Complements and Projections / 3.3.1:
Orthogonal Projections and Projection Theorem / 3.4:
Projection on Convex Sets / 3.5:
Orthonormal Systems and Fourier Expansion / 3.6:
Duality and Reflexivity / 3.7:
Riesz Representation Theorem / 3.7.1:
Reflexivity of Hilbert Spaces / 3.7.2:
Operators in Hilbert Space / 3.8:
Adjoint of Bounded Linear Operators on a Hilbert Space / 3.8.1:
Self-Adjoint, Positive, Normal and Unitary Operators / 3.8.2:
Adjoint of an Unbounded Linear Operator / 3.8.3:
Bilinear Forms and Lax-Milgram Lemma / 3.9:
Basic Properties / 3.9.1:
Fundamental Theorems / 3.10:
Hahn-Banach Theorem / 4.1:
Extension Form of Hahn-Banach Theorem / 4.2.1:
Extension Form of the Hahn-Banach Theorem / 4.2.2:
Topologies on Normed Spaces / 4.3:
Strong and Weak Topologies / 4.3.1:
Weak Convergence / 4.4:
Weak Convergence in Banach Spaces / 4.4.1:
Weak Convergence in Hilbert Spaces / 4.4.2:
Banach-Alaoglu Theorem / 4.5:
Principle of Uniform Boundedness and Its Applications / 4.6:
Principle of Uniform Boundedness / 4.6.1:
Open Mapping and Closed Graph Theorems / 4.7:
Graph of a Linear Operator and Closedness Property / 4.7.1:
Open Mapping Theorem / 4.7.2:
The Closed-Graph Theorem / 4.7.3:
Differential and Integral Calculus in Banach Spaces / 4.8:
The Gateaux and Frechet Derivatives / 5.1:
The Gateaux Derivative / 5.2.1:
The Frechet Derivative / 5.2.2:
Generalized Gradient (Subdifferential) / 5.3:
Some Basic Results from Distribution Theory and Sobolev Spaces / 5.4:
Distributions / 5.4.1:
Sobolev Space / 5.4.2:
The Sobolev Embedding Theorems / 5.4.3:
Integration in Banach Spaces / 5.5:
Optimization Problems / 5.6:
General Results on Optimization / 6.1:
Special Classes of Optimization Problems / 6.3:
Convex, Quadratic and Linear Programming / 6.3.1:
Calculus of Variations and Euler-Lagrange Equation / 6.3.2:
Minimization of Energy Functional (Quadratic Functional) / 6.3.3:
Algorithmic Optimization / 6.4:
Newton Algorithm and Its Generalization / 6.4.1:
Conjugate Gradient Method / 6.4.2:
Operator Equations and Variational Methods / 6.5:
Boundary Value Problems / 7.1:
Operator Equations and Solvability Conditions / 7.3:
Equivalence of Operator Equation and Minimization Problem / 7.3.1:
Solvability Conditions / 7.3.2:
Existence Theorem for Nonlinear Operators / 7.3.3:
Existence of Solutions of Dirichlet and Neumann Boundary Value Problems / 7.4:
Approximation Method for Operator Equations / 7.5:
Galerkin Method / 7.5.1:
Rayleigh-Ritz-Galerkin Method / 7.5.2:
Eigenvalue Problems / 7.6:
Eigenvalue of Bilinear Form / 7.6.1:
Existence and Uniqueness / 7.6.2:
Boundary Value Problems in Science and Technology / 7.7:
Finite Element and Boundary Element Methods / 7.8:
Finite Element Method / 8.1:
Abstract Problem and Error Estimation / 8.2.1:
Internal Approximation of H[superscript 1] ([Omega]) / 8.2.2:
Finite Elements / 8.2.3:
Applications of the Finite Method in Solving Boundary Value Problems / 8.3:
Basic Ingredients of Boundary Element Method / 8.4:
Weighted Residuals Method / 8.4.1:
Inverse Problem and Boundary Solutions / 8.4.2:
Boundary Element Method / 8.4.3:
Variational Inequalities and Applications / 8.5:
Motivation and Historical Remarks / 9.1:
Contact Problem (Signorini Problem) / 9.1.1:
Variational Inequalities in Social, Financial and Management Sciences / 9.1.2:
Variational Inequalities and Their Relationship with Other Problems / 9.2:
Classes of Variational Inequalities / 9.2.1:
Formulation of a Few Problems in Terms of Variational Inequalities / 9.2.2:
Elliptic Variational Inequalities / 9.3:
Lions-Stampacchia Theorem / 9.3.1:
Variational Inequalities for Monotone Operators / 9.3.2:
Finite Element Methods for Variational Inequalities / 9.4:
Convergence and Error Estimation / 9.4.1:
Error Estimation in Concrete Cases / 9.4.2:
Evolution Variational Inequalities and Parallel Algorithms / 9.5:
Solution of Evolution Variational Inequalities / 9.5.1:
Decomposition Method and Parallel Algorithms / 9.5.2:
Obstacle Problem / 9.6:
Membrane Problem / 9.6.1:
Wavelet Theory / 9.7:
Continuous and Discrete Wavelet Transforms / 10.1:
Continuous Wavelet Transforms / 10.2.1:
Discrete Wavelet Transform and Wavelet Series / 10.2.2:
Multiresolution Analysis, Wavelets Decomposition and Reconstruction / 10.3:
Multiresolution Analysis (MRA) / 10.3.1:
Decomposition and Reconstruction Algorithms / 10.3.2:
Connection with Signal Processing / 10.3.3:
The Fast Wavelet Transform Algorithm / 10.3.4:
Wavelets and Smoothness of Functions / 10.4:
Lipschitz Class and Wavelets / 10.4.1:
Approximation and Detail Operators / 10.4.2:
Scaling and Wavelet Filters / 10.4.3:
Approximation by MRA Associated Projections / 10.4.4:
Compactly Supported Wavelets / 10.5:
Daubechies Wavelets / 10.5.1:
Approximation by Family of Daubechies Wavelets / 10.5.2:
Wavelet Packets / 10.6:
Wavelet Method for Partial Differential Equations and Image Processing / 10.7:
Wavelet Methods in Partial Differential and Integral Equations / 11.1:
General Procedure / 11.2.1:
Miscellaneous Examples / 11.2.3:
Error Estimation Using Wavelet Basis / 11.2.4:
Introduction to Signal and Image Processing / 11.3:
Representation of Signals by Frames / 11.4:
Functional Analytic Formulation / 11.4.1:
Iterative Reconstruction / 11.4.2:
Noise Removal from Signals / 11.5:
Model and Algorithm / 11.5.1:
Wavelet Methods for Image Processing / 11.6:
Besov Space / 11.6.1:
Linear and Nonlinear Image Compression / 11.6.2:
Appendices / 11.7:
Set Theoretic Concepts / A:
Topological Concepts / B:
Elements of Metric Spaces / C:
Notations and Definitions of Concrete Spaces / D:
Vector Spaces / E:
Fourier Analysis / F:
Symbols and Abbreviations
Index
Preface
List of Figures
Metric Spaces and Banach Fixed Point Theorem / 1:
22.

図書

図書
Elisa Quintarelli
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2004  xvi, 134 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in computer science ; 2917
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Introduction / 1:
Motivations / 1.1:
Overview of the Book / 1.2:
Contributions / 1.3:
Semantics Based on Bisimulation / 2:
G-Log: a Language for Semistructured Data / 2.1:
An Informal Presentation / 2.1.1:
Syntax of G-Log / 2.1.2:
Bisimulation Semantics of G-Log / 2.2:
Semantics of Rules / 2.2.1:
Programming in G-Log / 2.2.2:
Basic Semantic Results / 2.3:
Applicability / 2.3.1:
Satisfiability / 2.3.2:
Simple Edge-Adding Rules / 2.3.3:
Very Simple Queries / 2.3.4:
Abstract Graphs and Semantics / 2.4:
Logical Semantics of G-Log / 2.5:
Formulae for G-Log Rules / 2.5.1:
Concrete Graphs as Models / 2.5.2:
Model Theoretic Semantics / 2.5.3:
Relationship with the Original G-Log Semantics / 2.6:
G-Log Graphs with Negation / 2.7:
Computational Issues / 2.8:
Other Languages for Semistructured Data / 2.9:
UnQL / 2.9.1:
GraphLog / 2.9.2:
Model-Checking Based Data Retrieval / 3:
An Introduction to Model-Checking / 3.1:
Transition Systems and CTL / 3.1.1:
A Linear Time Algorithm to Solve the Model-Checking Problem / 3.1.2:
Syntax of the Query Language W / 3.2:
W-Instances as KTS / 3.3:
CTL-Based Semantics of W-Queries / 3.4:
Technique Overview / 3.4.1:
Admitted Queries / 3.4.2:
Query Translation / 3.4.3:
Acyclic Graphs / 3.4.4:
Cyclic Queries / 3.4.5:
Complexity Issues / 3.5:
Implementation of the Method / 3.6:
Applications to Existing Languages / 3.7:
G-Log / 3.7.1:
Expressive Power of Temporal Logics / 3.8:
Temporal Aspects of Semistructured Data / 4:
An Introduction to Temporal Databases / 4.1:
A Graphical Temporal Data Model for Semistructured Data / 4.2:
Operations on Temporal Data / 4.3:
TSS-QL: Temporal Semistructured Query Language / 4.4:
Grammar of TSS-QL / 4.4.1:
Some Examples of TSS-QL Queries / 4.4.2:
A Graphical Model for User Navigation History / 4.5:
Analyzing User History Navigation / 4.5.1:
Using the Query Language TSS-QL to Obtain Relevance Information / 4.6:
Semistructured Temporal Graph as a KTS / 4.6.1:
Complexity Results on TSS-QL Fragments / 4.6.2:
Related Works / 5:
Semantics Aspects of Query Languages / 5.1:
Efficient Query Retrieval / 5.2:
Temporal Models and Query Languages for Semistructured Data / 5.3:
Comparison with the DOEM Model / 5.3.1:
Conclusion / 6:
References
Introduction / 1:
Motivations / 1.1:
Overview of the Book / 1.2:
23.

図書

図書
John Okyere Attia
出版情報: Boca Raton : CRC Press, c2004  393 p. ; 25 cm
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MATLAB Fundamentals / 1:
MATLAB Basic Operations / 1.1:
Matrix Operations / 1.2:
Array Operations / 1.3:
Complex Numbers / 1.4:
The Colon Symbol (:) / 1.5:
M-Files / 1.6:
Script Files / 1.6.1:
Function Files / 1.6.2:
Mathematical Functions / 1.7:
Bibliography
Problems
Plotting Functions / 2:
Graph Functions / 2.1:
X-Y Plots and Annotations / 2.2:
Logarithmic and Polar Plots / 2.3:
Subplots and Screen Control / 2.4:
Other Plotting Functions / 2.5:
Bar Plots / 2.5.1:
Hist Function / 2.5.2:
Stem Plots / 2.5.3:
Control Statements / 3:
"For" Loops / 3.1:
"If" Statements / 3.2:
"While" Loops / 3.3:
Input/Output Commands / 3.4:
DC Analysis / 4:
Nodal Analysis / 4.1:
Loop Analysis / 4.2:
Maximum Power Transfer / 4.3:
MATLAB Diff and Find Functions / 4.3.1:
Transient Analysis / 5:
RC Network / 5.1:
RL Network / 5.2:
RLC Circuit / 5.3:
State Variable Approach / 5.4:
MATLAB Ode Functions / 5.4.1:
AC Analysis and Network Functions / 6:
Steady-State AC Power / 6.1:
MATLAB Functions quad and quad8 / 6.1.1:
Single- and Three-Phase AC Circuits / 6.2:
Network Characteristics / 6.3:
MATLAB Functions roots, residue, and polyval / 6.3.1:
Frequency Response / 6.4:
MATLAB Function freqs / 6.4.1:
Two-Port Networks / 7:
Two-Port Network Representations / 7.1:
z-Parameters / 7.1.1:
y-Parameters / 7.1.2:
h-Parameters / 7.1.3:
Transmission Parameters / 7.1.4:
Conversion of Two-Port Parameters / 7.2:
Interconnection of Two-Port Networks / 7.3:
Terminated Two-Port Networks / 7.4:
Fourier Analysis / 8:
Fourier Series / 8.1:
Average Power and Harmonic Distortion / 8.2:
Fourier Transforms / 8.3:
Properties of the Fourier Transform / 8.3.1:
Discrete and Fast Fourier Transforms / 8.4:
MATLAB Function fft / 8.4.1:
Diodes / 9:
Diode Characteristics / 9.1:
Forward-Biased Region / 9.1.1:
MATLAB Function polyfit / 9.1.2:
Temperature Effects / 9.1.3:
Analsis of Diode Circuits / 9.2:
Half-Wave Rectifier / 9.3:
MATLAB Function fzero / 9.3.1:
Full-Wave Rectification / 9.4:
Zener Diode Voltage Regulator Circuits / 9.5:
Semiconductor Physics / 10:
Intrinsic Semiconductors / 10.1:
Energy Bands / 10.1.1:
Mobile Carriers / 10.1.2:
Extrinsic Semiconductor / 10.2:
Electron and Hole Concentrations / 10.2.1:
Fermi Level / 10.2.2:
Current Density and Mobility / 10.2.3:
pn Junction: Contact Potential, Junction Current / 10.3:
Contact Potential / 10.3.1:
Junction Current / 10.3.2:
Depletion and Diffusion Capacitances / 10.4:
Depletion Capacitance / 10.4.1:
Diffusion Capacitance / 10.4.2:
Breakdown Voltages of pn Junctions / 10.5:
References
Operational Amplifiers / 11:
Properties of the Op Amp / 11.1:
Inverting Configuration / 11.2:
Noninverting Configuration / 11.3:
Effect of Finite Open-Loop Gain / 11.4:
Frequency Response of Op Amps / 11.5:
Slew Rate and Full-Power Bandwidth / 11.6:
Common-Mode Rejection / 11.7:
Transistor Circuits / 12:
Bipolar Junction Transistors / 12.1:
Biasing BJT Discrete Circuits / 12.2:
Self-Bias Circuit / 12.2.1:
Bias Stability / 12.2.2:
Integrated Circuit Biasing / 12.3:
Simple Current Mirror / 12.3.1:
Wilson Current Source / 12.3.2:
Frequency Response of Common-Emitter Amplifier / 12.4:
MOSFET Characteristics / 12.5:
Biasing of MOSFET Circuits / 12.6:
Frequency Response of Common-Source Amplifier / 12.7:
Electronic Data Analysis / 13:
Save, Load, and Textread Functions / 13.1:
Save and Load Functions / 13.1.1:
Textread Function / 13.1.2:
Statistical Analysis / 13.2:
Curve Fitting / 13.3:
Other Functions for Data Analysis / 13.4:
Integration Function (trapz) / 13.4.1:
Index
MATLAB Fundamentals / 1:
MATLAB Basic Operations / 1.1:
Matrix Operations / 1.2:
24.

図書

図書
Tuncer Cebeci
出版情報: Long Beach, Calif. : Horizons , Berlin : Springer, c2004  xii, 262 p. ; 25 cm
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Introduction / 1:
Transition Process / 1.1:
Prediction of Transition / 1.2:
Empirical Correlations / 1.2.1:
Michel's Method / 1.2.2:
Granville's Method / 1.2.3:
H-R[subscript x] Method / 1.2.4:
Factors that Influence Transition / 1.3:
Effects of Freestream Turbulence and Noise / 1.3.1:
Effects of Pressure Gradient / 1.3.2:
Effects of Heat Transfer / 1.3.3:
Effects of Surface Roughness / 1.3.4:
Effects of Suction / 1.3.5:
Effects of Surface Curvature / 1.3.6:
References
Stability-Transition Theory / 2:
Underlying Mathematical Arguments for e[superscript n]-Method / 2.1:
Linear Stability Equations / 2.3:
Orr-Sommerfeld Equation / 2.3.1:
Properties of the Orr-Sommerfeld Equation for Two-Dimensional Flows / 2.3.2:
e[superscript n]-Method for Two-Dimensional Flows / 2.4:
e[superscript n]-Method for Three-Dimensional Flows / 2.5:
Eigenvalue Formulations / 2.5.1:
The Zarf / 2.5.2:
Numerical Method / 3:
Numerical Solution of the Orr-Sommerfeld Equation for Two-Dimensional Flows / 3.1:
Eigenvalue Procedure for Stability Diagrams / 3.2.1:
Eigenvalue Procedure for Transition / 3.2.2:
Numerical Solution of the Orr-Sommerfeld Equation for Three-Dimensional Flows: Mack/Arnal Eigenvalue Formulation / 3.3:
Numerical Solution of the Orr-Sommerfeld Equation for Three-Dimensional Flows: Cebeci-Stewartson Eigenvalue Formulation / 3.4:
Eigenvalue Procedure for Zarf / 3.4.1:
Estimation of Eigenvalues / 3.4.2:
Appendix 3A
Stability Transition Program for Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flows / 4:
Description of the Computer Program STP / 4.1:
MAIN / 4.2.1:
Subroutine VELPRO / 4.2.2:
Subroutine CSAVE / 4.2.3:
Subroutine NEWTON / 4.2.4:
Subroutine NEWTONI / 4.2.5:
Stability Diagrams for Falkner-Skan Flows / 4.3:
Falkner-Skan Flows / 4.3.1:
Sample Calculations for Constructing Stability Diagrams for Blasius Flow / 4.3.2:
Sample Calculations for Constructing Stability Diagrams for Lower-Branch Solutions of the Falkner-Skan Equation / 4.3.3:
Sample Calculations for Predicting Transition / 4.4:
Flat-Plate Flow / 4.4.1:
Airfoil Flow / 4.4.2:
Description of the Computer Program STPW / 4.5:
Input to STPW / 4.5.1:
Sample Calculations / 4.5.2:
Shooting Method / Appendix 4A:
Description of the Method for f"[subscript w greater than or equal] 0 / 4A.1:
Description of the Method for f"[subscript w less than sign] 0 / 4A.2:
Computer Program / 4A.3:
An Interactive Boundary-Layer and Stability-Transition Program for Two-Dimensional Flows / 5:
Interactive Boundary-Layer Method / 5.1:
Turbulence Model / 5.2.1:
Inviscid Method / 5.2.2:
Extension of the Interactive Boundary-Layer and Stability-Transition Approach to Multielement Airfoils / 5.2.4:
Airfoils at High Reynolds Numbers / 5.4:
Accuracy of the e[superscript n]-Method for Flows with Separation / 5.5:
Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers / 5.6:
Multielement Airfoils / 5.7:
Stability-Transition Program for Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flows / 6:
Description of the Computer Program 3DSTP and Sample Calculations / 6.1:
Description of the Computer Program / 6.2.1:
Applications of 3DSTP / 6.2.2:
ONERA-D Infinite Swept Wing / 6.3.1:
Prolate Spheroid / 6.3.2:
Prediction of Transition with Curvature Effect / 6.4:
Stability Equations with Curvature Terms / 6.4.1:
Calculation of the Curvature Terms / 6.4.2:
Effects of Sweep Angle and Reynolds Number on Transition with Curvature Effect Included in the Stability Equations / 6.4.3:
Computer Program 3DSTPWC and Sample Calculations / 6.5:
Description of Input / 6.5.1:
A Stability-Transition Program for Three-Dimensional Compressible Flows on Wings / 6.5.2:
Boundary-Layer Equations / 7.1:
Initial Conditions / 7.3:
Quasi-Three-Dimensional Boundary-Layer Equations / 7.3.1:
Attachment Line Equations / 7.3.2:
Interface Program / 7.4:
Choice of the Surface Coordinate System / 7.5.1:
Geometric Parameters of the Coordinate System / 7.5.2:
Calculation of Inviscid Velocity Components for Boundary-Layer Grid / 7.5.3:
Solution of the Boundary-Layer Equations / 7.5.4:
Transformed Equations / 7.6.1:
Solution of the Stability Equations for Compressible Flows / 7.6.2:
AS409 Infinite Swept Wing / 7.8:
Experimental Data / 7.8.1:
Calculations with the Mack-Arnal Formulation / 7.8.2:
Calculations with the Cebeci-Stewartson Formulation / 7.8.3:
Software for Calculating Transition in Incompressible and Compressible Flows on Wings with and without Suction / 7.9:
Boundary Layer Program / 7.9.1:
Calculation of Zarf / 7.9.2:
Amplification Calculations / 7.9.3:
Summary of Transition Calculations / 7.9.4:
Calculation of the Lower Branch of the Zarf / 7.9.5:
Amplification Calculations for Disturbances from the Lower Branch / 7.9.6:
Amplification Calculations for Disturbances from the Upper Branch / 7.9.7:
Transition Prediction by Parabolized Stability Equations / 8:
Parabolized Stability Equations / 8.1:
Subroutine START / 8.3:
Subroutine COEF / 8.4.2:
Subroutine GETNA / 8.4.3:
Solution Algorithm: Subroutines MATRIX6, GAUSS, USOLV, GAMSV / 8.4.4:
Sample Calculations with PSE / 8.5:
Computer Programs in the CD-ROM Accompanying the Book / Appendix A:
Shooting Method: For f"(0) [greater than or equal] 0 / A.1:
Shooting Method: For f"(0) [less than sign] 0 / A.2:
2D Stability Transition Program (STP2D) / A.3:
Interactive Boundary-layer (IBL) Program / A.4:
Panel Method (HSPM), 2D Interface Program (IPRPM2D), Inverse Boundary-Layer Program (INBLP) and STP2D / A.5:
HSPM, IPRPM2D, Boundary-Layer Infinite Swept Wing (BLISW) Program and 3D Stability-Transition Program (3DSTP) / A.6:
Stability-Transition Program Based on Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE) / A.7:
Cross-Flow Dominated Flows / A.7.1:
Flows in Which Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) Waves Dominate / A.7.2:
Computer Programs in the CD-ROM Available from the Author / Appendix B:
Boundary Layer and Stability-Transition Program for Air, Water and Sea (STPW) / B.1:
Panel Method (HSPM), 2D Interface Program (IPRPM), Infinite Swept Wing Boundary-Layer Program (BLISW) and 3D Stability Transition Program with Curvature Effects (3DSTPWC) / B.2:
HSPM, IPRPM, BLISW, 3DSTPWC, Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE) / B.3:
Flows in Which Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) Instability Dominates / B.3.1:
Interactive Boundary-Layer Method for Single and Multielement Airfoils (MEIBL) / Appendix C:
Application of MEIBL to Three-Dimensional Flows / C.1:
Inviscid Flow / C.1.1:
Viscous Flow / C.1.2:
Interaction / C.1.3:
Coordinate Systems for Viscous and Inviscid Flow Calculations / C.2:
User's Manual / C.3:
Input Data / C.3.1:
Output Data / C.3.2:
Detailed Flow at [alpha] = 4[degree] and [alpha] = 20[degree] / C.4:
Force and Moment Coefficient Calculations / C.4.2:
Software for Calculating Transition in Three-Dimensional Compressible Flows / Appendix D:
Description of the Boundary Layer Program / D.1:
Input Data Description / D.1.1:
Output Data Description / D.1.2:
Description of the Transition Calculation Procedure / D.2:
Zarf Calculation / D.2.1:
Amplification Calculation / D.2.2:
Summary of the Procedure / D.2.3:
Sample Calculation: Input and Output Data Description / D.3:
Input File Description / D.3.1:
Zarf Upper Branch Calculation / D.3.2:
Quick Reference Manual / D.3.5:
Subject Index
Introduction / 1:
Transition Process / 1.1:
Prediction of Transition / 1.2:
25.

図書

図書
by Marco Ceccarelli
出版情報: Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, c2004  xi, 310 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: International series on microprocessor-based and intelligent systems engineering ; v. 27
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Preface
Introduction to Automation and Robotics / 1:
Automatic systems and robots / 1.1:
Evolution and applications of robots / 1.2:
Examples and technical characteristics of industrial robots / 1.3:
Evaluation of a robotization / 1.4:
An economic estimation / 1.4.1:
Forum for discussions on Robotics / 1.5:
Analysis of Manipulations / 2:
Decomposition of manipulative actions / 2.1:
A procedure for analyzing manipulation tasks / 2.2:
Programming for robots / 2.3:
A programming language for robots: VAL II / 2.3.1:
A programming language for robots: ACL / 2.3.2:
Illustrative examples / 2.4:
Education practices / 2.4.1:
Simulation of an industrial process / 2.4.1.1:
Writing with a robot / 2.4.1.2:
An intelligent packing / 2.4.1.3:
Industrial applications / 2.4.2:
Designing a robotized manipulation / 2.4.2.1:
Optimizing a robotized manipulation / 2.4.2.2:
Fundamentals of Mechanics of Manipulators / 3:
Kinematic model and position analysis / 3.1:
Transformation Matrix / 3.1.1:
Joint variables and actuator space / 3.1.2:
Workspace analysis / 3.1.3:
A binary matrix formulation / 3.1.3.1:
An algebraic formulation / 3.1.3.2:
A Workspace evaluation / 3.1.3.3:
Manipulator design with prescribed workspace / 3.1.4:
Inverse kinematics and path planning / 3.2:
A formulation for inverse kinematics / 3.2.1:
An example / 3.2.1.1:
Trajectory generation in Joint Space / 3.2.2:
A formulation for path planning in Cartesian coordinates / 3.2.3:
Velocity and acceleration analysis / 3.2.3.1:
Jacobian and singularity configurations / 3.3.1:
Statics of manipulators / 3.4.1:
A mechanical model / 3.5.1:
Equations of equilibrium / 3.5.2:
Jacobian mapping of forces / 3.5.3:
Dynamics of manipulators / 3.5.4:
Mechanical model and inertia characteristics / 3.6.1:
Newton-Euler equations / 3.6.2:
Lagrange formulation / 3.6.2.1:
Stiffness of manipulators / 3.6.3.1:
A formulation for stiffness analysis / 3.7.1:
A numerical example / 3.7.3:
Performance criteria for manipulators / 3.8:
Accuracy and repeatability / 3.8.1:
Dynamic characteristics / 3.8.2:
Compliance response / 3.8.3:
Fundamentals of Mechanics of parallel manipulators / 3.9:
A numerical example for CaPaMan (Cassino Parallel Manipulator) / 3.9.1:
Fundamentals of Mechanics of Grasp / 4:
Gripping devices and their characteristics / 4.1:
A mechatronic analysis for two-finger grippers / 4.2:
Design parameters and operation requirements for grippers / 4.3:
Configurations and phases of two-finger grasp / 4.4:
Model and analysis of two-finger grasp / 4.5:
Mechanisms for grippers / 4.6:
Modeling gripper mechanisms / 4.6.1:
An evaluation of gripping mechanisms / 4.6.2:
A numerical example of index evaluation / 4.6.2.1:
Designing two-finger grippers / 4.7:
An optimum design procedure for gripping mechanisms / 4.7.1:
A numerical example of optimum design / 4.7.1.1:
Electropneumatic actuation and grasping force control / 4.8:
An illustrative example for laboratory practice / 4.8.1:
An acceleration sensored gripper / 4.8.1.1:
Fundamentals on multifinger grasp and articulated fingers / 4.9:
Bibliography
Index
Biographical
Notes
Preface
Introduction to Automation and Robotics / 1:
Automatic systems and robots / 1.1:
26.

図書

図書
Andrew G. Tescher, chair/editor ; sponsored and published by SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering
出版情報: Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE, c2004  2 v. ; 28 cm
シリーズ名: Proceedings / SPIE -- the International Society for Optical Engineering ; v. 5558
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27.

図書

図書
G. Guelachvili, K. Narahari Rao ; edited by G. Guelachvili
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2004  lxxviii, 168 p. ; 28 cm.
シリーズ名: Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie / Gesamtherausgabe, K.-H. Hellwege ; group 2 . Molecules and radicals ; v. 20 . Molecular constants : mostly from infrared spectroscopy ; subv. B . Linear triatomic molecules ; pt. 8
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Title Page, Preface, Authors
Title Page
Preface Authors
Survey of Vol.20
Introduction
Energy level designations / I:
Effective Hamiltonians / II:
Formulas for determining rotational constants / III:
Potential energy function (PEF) / IV:
Dipole moment / V:
Intensities / VI:
Renner-Teller effect (some aspects) / VII:
Some functional relations specially applicable to the molecular constants of CO2 / VIII:
Some symbolism appearing in N2O data / IX:
Some symbolism appearing in CO2+, CFeO, CFeO-, CNN, CNO and CNO- data / X:
Some functional relations for CS2, CSe2 and C2N molecules and ions / XI:
Some symbolism appearing in C2H (CCH) / XII:
List of symbols / XIII:
Survey
CHSi / 67:
12CH28Si / 67.1:
12CH29Si / 67.2:
12CH30Si / 67.3:
12CD28Si / 67.4:
13CH28Si / 67.5:
13CD28Si / 67.6:
ClHNe NeHCl / 68:
35ClH20Ne / 68.1:
35ClD20Ne / 68.2:
37ClD20Ne / 68.3:
ClClH- / 69:
35Cl35ClH- / 69.1:
35Cl35ClD- / 69.2:
35Cl37ClH- / 69.3:
37Cl37ClH- / 69.4:
37Cl37ClD- / 69.5:
FHO / 70:
19FH16O / 70.1:
19FD16O / 70.2:
FHO+ / 71:
19FH16O= / 71.1:
FFH- / 72:
19F19FH- / 72.1:
19F19FD- / 72.2:
FNN+ / 73:
19F14N14N+ / 73.1:
HNN+ / 74:
H14N14N+ / 74.1:
H14N15N+ / 74.2:
H15N14N+ / 74.3:
H15N15N+ / 74.4:
D14N14N+ / 74.5:
T14N14N+ / 74.6:
HNSi / 75:
H14N28Si / 75.1:
H14N29Si / 75.2:
H14N30Si / 75.3:
D14N28Si / 75.4:
HOSi+ / 76:
H16O28Si+ / 76.1:
D16O28Si+ / 76.2:
NNS / 77:
14N14N32S / 77.1:
14N14N34S / 77.2:
14N15N32S / 77.3:
15N14N32S / 77.4:
15N15N32S / 77.5:
15N15N34S / 77.6:
NOP / 78:
14N16O31P / 78.1:
14N18O31P / 78.2:
15N16O31P / 78.3:
NOSi (NSiO) / 79:
14N16O28Si (14N28Si16O) / 79.1:
NOSi (SiNO) / 80:
14N16O28Si (28Si14N16O) / 80.1:
NOSi (SiON) / 81:
14N16O28Si (28Si16O14N) / 81.1:
References
Title Page, Preface, Authors
Title Page
Preface Authors
28.

図書

東工大
目次DB

図書
東工大
目次DB
Soon-Bok Lee, Mikyoung Lee, Michael Pecht
出版情報: College Park, Md. : CALCE EPSC Press, c2004  xiii, 215 p. ; 24 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
1 General Information 1
   1.1 Korean People 1
   1.2 Geography 2
   1.3 History 3
   1.4 Korean War 4
   1.5 Population 7
   1.6 Language 8
   1.7 Korean Belief and Religion 9
   1.7.1 Buddhism 10
   1.7.2 Protestantism and Catholicism 10
   1.7.3 Confucianism 10
   1.7.4 Shamanism 11
   1.8 Education in Korea 11
   1.9 Judicial Organization 12
   1.10 Political Structure 12
   1.11 Current Economic Conditions and Policy 15
   1.11.1 Enforcement of the Free Economic Zone Act 17
   1.11.2 Financial and Corporate Restructuring 18
   1.11.3 Social Welfare System 21
2 Science and Technology in Korea 25
   2.1 1900 - 1960 26
   2.2 1960s 27
   2.2.1 1961: The Beginning of Modern South Korea 27
   2.2.2 1966: The Korea Institute of Science and Technology 27
   2.2.3 1967: The Ministry of Science and Technology 27
   2.2.4 1967: The Atomic Energy Research Institute/Korea Advanced Energy Research Institute 28
   2.2.5 By 1969 28
   2.3. 1970s: Beginning of Growth 29
   2.3.1 1971: KAIS/KAIST 29
   2.3.2 Mid 1970s Recruitment of Overseas Koreans 30
   2.3.3 1976: The Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute 30
   2.3.4 1977: The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation 30
   2.3.5 By 1979 31
   2.4 1980s: Korea Inc. Comes of Age 31
   2.4.1 1982: The National R&D Program 32
   2.4.2 1983: Daeduck Science Town 32
   2.4.3 1986: POSTECH 33
   2.5 1990S: Aimless Excess and Rude Awakening 33
   2.5.1 1996: OECD 34
   2.5.2 1996: The Korea Institute of Advanced Study (KIAS) 34
   2.5.3 1996: The National Fusion Research (KSTAR) 34
   2.5.4 Economy Overview of 2001 35
   2.5.5 Science and Technology Policy for the 21st Century 35
3 Development of the Korean Electronics Industry 37
   3.1 Korean Industry 38
   3.1.1 Korean Industrial Development Stages 38
   3.1.2 Jaebols 41
   3.1.3 Foreign Trade 42
   3.1.4 China, Korea and the World Trade Organization 43
   3.2 Overview of the Korean Electronics Industry 49
   3.2.1 Market Trends in the Korean Electronics Industry 50
   3.2.2 Imported vs. Domestic Technology Capabilities 51
   3.2.3 The Semiconductor Industry 52
   3.2.4 The Display Industry 54
   3.3 The Role of Government in Science and Technology 59
   3.3.1 Outline for Technological Development 59
   3.3.2 Legislative Interaction 60
   3.3.3 Government Sponsorship of R&D 61
   3.3.4 Government Support of Equipment Development 63
   3.3.5 Major S&T Policies for the Twenty-first Century 64
   3.3.6 International Cooperation and Recruitment of Foreign Nationals 66
   3.3.7 Government Assistance to Small and Emerging Businesses 67
   3.3.8 Science Parks 67
   3.4 The Role of the University 67
   3.4.1 Facilities that Support Science and Technology 68
   3.4.2 Industrial Connections 70
   3.4.3 Educational Goals of University S&T Programs 72
   3.5 Industry/Government/University Interactions 73
   3.6 Summary 74
4 The Korean Semiconductor Industry 75
   4.1 Memory Industry 75
   4.1.1 DRAM 76
   4.1.2 SRAM 77
   4.1.3 EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory and FRAM 78
   4.2 Additional Semiconductor Technologies 79
   4.3 Process Technology 80
   4.4 Strength and Weaknesses 81
   4.5 Strategy for Competitiveness 83
   4.6 Industrial Coordination- The KSIA 85
   4.7 Summary 86
5 Packaging and Assembly Industry 87
   5.1 Substrate and Leadframe Technology 87
   5.1.1 Leadframe Technology and Capacity 87
   5.1.2 Packaging and Wafer Foundry Business 88
   5.2 Printed Circuit Board Technology 91
   5.2.1 Business Status in PCB Industry 92
   5.2.2 Korean PCB Manufacturers 92
   5.2.3 PCB Business Prospect 92
   5.3 Connectors 92
6 The Korean Display Industry 95
   6.1 Government Planning and Support 95
   6.2 Electronics Display Industrial Research Association of Korea 96
   6.3 Significant Developments 97
   6.3.1 Samsung SDI 97
   6.3.2 LG Electronics 100
   6.3.3 Orion Electric 102
   6.3.4 Hyundai 104
   6.4 Significant Research Efforts 105
   6.4.1 Project for Development of a 25-29'' High-quality TFT LCD 105
   6.4.2 Project for Development of a Low-electric-power TFT LCD 105
   6.4.3 Project for Development of a 70-55'' Full-color HDTV 105
   6.5 Flat Panel Display Application in Korea 106
   6.5.1 Flat Panel Display Production in Korea 107
   6.5.2 Rapid Growth of PCs and the Internet 109
   6.6 Summary 110
7 Products and Systems for IT Services 111
   7.1 Computer Systems 111
   7.2 Data Communication Technology 112
   7.2.1 Data Transmission Technologies 112
   7.2.2 Digital Network Technologies 113
   7.2.3 Multimedia Communications System 117
   7.3 The Informational Technology Industry 117
   7.3.1 Production, Domestic Sales and Import/Exports 118
   7.3.2 Factors Contributing to the Growth of the IT Industry 119
   7.3.3 IT Industry and Korean Economy 121
   7.4 E-business in Korea 122
   7.4.1 E-business Environment 122
   7.4.2 Government Policies 124
   7.4.3 Connecting the Globe 125
   7.5 Telecommunications Systems 126
   7.5.1 Personal Communication Services (PCS) 127
   7.5.2 Satellite Communications Technology 127
   7.5.3 Digital Mobile Communications Companies 128
   7.6 Summary 131
8 Key Korean Electronics Companies 133
   8.1 Samsung Corporation 133
   8.1.1 Current Organization 133
   8.1.2 Products (by Affiliate) 134
   8.1.3 Research and Development 139
   8.1.4 Alliances 141
   8.1.5 Other Overseas Activities 141
   8.1.6 Strengths 141
   8.1.7 Corporate Culture and Management Philosophy 142
   8.1.8 Vision and Strategy for Growth 143
   8.1.9 The Samsung Way 144
   8.2 Hynix Semicon 147
   8.2.1 Main History 147
   8.2.2 Organization 149
   8.2.3 Compliance and Business Ethics 149
   8.2.4 Business Scope 150
   8.3 LG Electronics 150
   8.3.1 History 151
   8.3.2 Business Area and Main Products 152
   8.3.3 Research and Development Organization 152
   8.3.4 Business Technology 153
   8.4 LG Philips Liquid Crystal Display 154
   8.4.1 Management Philosophy 154
   8.4.2 Vision 154
   8.5 Daewoo Electronics Co.Ltd 156
   8.5.1 Overseas Activities 156
   8.5.2 Technology 157
   8.5.3 Marketing 157
   8.5.4 Vision 157
   8.5.5 Technology for the Future 158
   8.6 Anam Semiconductor 160
   8.6.1 Strategic Alliance 160
   8.6.2 Global Network 160
   8.6.3 Business Model 161
   8.6.4 Technology Capability 161
   8.6.5 Quality and Reliability 163
   8.6.6 University and Government Interactions 163
   8.6.7 Alliances 163
   8.6.8 Technical Road Map 164
   8.7 Orion Electric 164
   8.7.1 Business Line 165
   8.7.2 Global Standard 166
   8.7.3 Twenty-first Century Vision 166
   8.7.4 R&D 166
   8.8 MK Electron 166
   8.8.1 Business and Products 167
   8.8.2 Summary 168
   8.9 KEC Corporation 168
   8.9.1 Products and Quality 170
   8.9.2 Overseas Activities 170
   8.9.3 Research and Development 171
   8.9.4 Vision and Strategies for Growth 172
   8.10 Signetics KP Co., Ltd 172
   8.10.1 Brief Introduction 173
   8.10.2 Major Customers and Competitors 173
   8.10.3 Reliability and Failure Analysis 174
   8.10.4 Quality 174
   8.10.5 Electrical Function Testing Service 174
   8.11 Cheil Industry 174
   8.11.1 History 175
   8.11.2 Business Strategies and Sales Revenue 175
   8.12 SK Telecom 178
   8.12.1 Overview 178
   8.12.2 Strategy for Worldwide Marketing 179
   8.12.3 Financial Information 179
   8.12.4 Products and Services 181
   8.12.5 Network R&D History in Brief 182
   8.13 KT 182
   8.13.1 KT Vision 185
   8.13.2 Subsidiaries 185
   8.13.3 R&D 187
   8.13.4 Globalization of R&D 187
   8.14 Summary 190
9 Key Institutes and Universities Supporting Electronics 191
   9.1 Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute 191
   9.1.1 Major R&D Areas 191
   9.1.2 R&D Strategy 192
   9.1.3 Basic and Advanced Research 192
   9.2 Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 193
   9.3 Korean Electronics Technology Institute 194
   9.3.1 R&D 195
   9.4 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 197
   9.4.1 Branches 197
   9.4.2 Electrical Engineering Department 197
   9.4.3 Research Centers Supporting the Electronics Industry 198
   9.5 Seoul National University 200
   9.6 Pohang University of Science and Technology (Postech) 201
   9.7 Summary 202
References 205
Index 211
1 General Information 1
   1.1 Korean People 1
   1.2 Geography 2
29.

図書

図書
sponsored by IEEE Canada
出版情報: Piscataway, N.J. : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, c2004  4 v. ; 28 cm
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30.

図書

図書
organised by the IEE Power Convension and Applications Professional Network
出版情報: London : Institution of Electrical Engineers, c2004  2 v. (884 p.) ; 30 cm
シリーズ名: IEE conference publication ; 498
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図書
sponsored by the IEEE Control Systems Society
出版情報: Piscataway, N. J. : Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, c2004  2 v. (xxxiii, 1762 p.) ; 28 cm
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図書

図書
C. N. R. Rao, A. Müller, A. K. Cheetham (eds.)
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2004  2v. (xx, 741 p.) ; 25 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
List of Contributors
Nanomaterials:
An Introduction. / Volume 1:
Strategies for the Scalable Synthesis of Quantum Dots and Related Nanodimensional Materials. / 1:
Moving Nanoparticles Around: Phase-Transfer Processes in Nanomaterials Synthesis. / C. N. R. Rao
Mesoscopic Assembly and Other Properties of Metal and Semiconductor Nanocrystals.
Oxide Nanoparticles.Sonochemistry and Other Novel Methods Developed for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. / A. Muller
Solvothermal Synthesis of Non-Oxide Nanomaterials.
Nanotubes and Nanowires.Synthesis, Assembly and Reactivity of Metallic Nanorods. / A. K. Cheetham
Oxide-Assisted Growth of Silicon and Related Nanowires Growth Mechanism, Structure and Properties.
Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Nanocrystals.
Nanomaterials--An Introduction
Core-shell Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Biological Labeling.
Large Semiconductor Molecules. / 1.1:
Oxomolybdates:
Size Effects
From Structures to Functions in a New Era of Nanochemistry.
Nanostructural Polymers / 1.2:
Recent Developments in the Chemistry and Chemical Applications of Porous Silicon.
Synthesis and Assembly
Nanocatalysis.
Nanoporous Materials.Photochemistry and Electrochemistry of Nanoassemblies. / 1.3:
Electrochemistry with Nanoparticles
Techniques
Nanolithography and Nanomanipulation.
Applications and Technology Development / 1.4:
Nanoelectronics / 1.5:
Other Aspects / 1.6:
Concluding Remarks / 1.7:
Bibliography
Strategies for the Scalable Synthesis of Quantum Dots and Related Nanodimensional Materials / P. O'Brien ; N. Pickett2:
Introduction / 2.1:
Defining Nanodimensional Materials / 2.2:
Potential Uses for Nanodimensional Materials / 2.3:
The General Methods Available for the Synthesis of Nanodimensional Materials / 2.4:
Precipitative Methods / 2.4.1:
Reactive Methods in High Boiling Point Solvents / 2.4.2:
Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods / 2.4.3:
Gas-Phase Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanoparticles / 2.4.4:
Synthesis in a Structured Medium / 2.4.5:
The Suitability of Such Methods for Scaling / 2.5:
Conclusions and Perspectives on the Future / 2.6:
Acknowledgements
References
Moving Nanoparticles Around: Phase-Transfer Processes in Nanomaterials Synthesis / M. Sastry3:
Water-Based Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis / 3.1:
Advantages / 3.2.1:
Disadvantages / 3.2.2:
Organic Solution-Based Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles / 3.3:
Moving Gold Nanoparticles Around / 3.3.1:
Phase Transfer of Aqueous Gold Nanoparticles to Non-Polar Organic Solvents / 3.4.1:
Transfer of Organically Soluble Gold Nanoparticles to Water / 3.4.2:
Acknowledgments
Mesoscopic Assembly and Other Properties of Metal and Semiconductor Nanocrystals / G. U. Kulkarni ; P. J. Thomas4:
Abstract
Synthetic Strategies / 4.1:
General Methods / 4.2.1:
Size Control / 4.2.2:
Shape Control / 4.2.3:
Tailoring the Ligand Shell / 4.2.4:
Programmed Assemblies / 4.3:
One-Dimensional Arrangements / 4.3.1:
Two-Dimensional Arrays / 4.3.2:
Three-Dimensional Superlattices / 4.3.3:
Superclusters / 4.3.4:
Colloidal Crystals / 4.3.5:
Nanocrystal Patterning / 4.3.6:
Emerging Applications / 4.4:
Isolated Nanocrystals / 4.4.1:
Collective Properties / 4.4.2:
Nanocomputing / 4.4.3:
Conclusions / 4.5:
Oxide Nanoparticles / R. Seshadri5:
Magnetite Particles in Nature / 5.1:
Routes for the Preparation of Isolated Oxide Nanoparticles / 5.3:
Hydrolysis / 5.3.1:
Oxidation / 5.3.2:
Thermolysis / 5.3.3:
Metathesis / 5.3.4:
Solvothermal Methods / 5.3.5:
Prospects / 5.4:
Sonochemistry and Other Novel Methods Developed for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles / Y. Mastai ; A. Gedanken6:
Sonochemistry / 6.1:
Sonochemical Fabrication of Nanometals / 6.1.1:
Sonochemical Fabrication of Nano-Metallic Oxides / 6.1.2:
Sonoelectrochemistry / 6.2:
Sonoelectrochemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Materials / 6.2.1:
Microwave Heating / 6.3:
Microwave Synthesis of Nanomaterials / 6.3.1:
Solvothermal Synthesis of Non-Oxide Nanomaterials / Y. T. Qian ; Y. L. Gu ; J. Lu7:
Solvothermal Synthesis of III-V Nanomaterials / 7.1:
Synthesis of Diamond, Carbon Nanotubes and Carbides / 7.3:
Synthesis of Si[subscript 3]N[subscript 4], P[subscript 3]N[subscript 5], Metal Nitrides and Phosphides / 7.4:
Synthesis of BN, B[subscript 4]C, BP and Borides / 7.5:
Synthesis of One-Dimensional Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystallites / 7.6:
Room Temperature Synthesis of Nanomaterials / 7.7:
Nanotubes and Nanowires / A. Govindaraj8:
Carbon Nanotubes / 8.1:
Synthesis / 8.2.1:
Structure and Characterization / 8.2.2:
Mechanism of Formation / 8.2.3:
Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes / 8.2.4:
Electronic Structure, Properties and Devices / 8.2.5:
Inorganic Nanotubes / 8.3:
Preliminaries / 8.3.1:
General Synthetic Strategies / 8.3.2:
Structures / 8.3.3:
Useful Properties of Inorganic Nanotubes / 8.3.4:
Nanowires / 8.4:
Properties of Nanowires / 8.4.1:
Synthesis, Assembly and Reactivity of Metallic Nanorods / C. J. Murphy ; N. R. Jana ; L. A. Gearheart ; S. O. Obare ; K. K. Caswell ; S. Mann ; C. J. Johnson ; S. A. Davis ; E. Dujardin ; K. J. Edler9:
Seed-Mediated Growth Approach to the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanorods and Nanowires / 9.1:
Assembly of Metallic Nanorods: Self-Assembly vs. Designed Chemical Linkages / 9.3:
Reactivity of Metallic Nanoparticles Depends on Aspect Ratio / 9.4:
Conclusions and Future Prospects / 9.5:
Oxide-Assisted Growth of Silicon and Related Nanowires: Growth Mechanism, Structure and Properties / S. T. Lee ; R. Q. Zhang ; Y. Lifshitz10:
Oxide-Assisted Nanowire Growth / 10.1:
Discovery of Oxide-Assisted Growth / 10.2.1:
Oxide-Assisted Nucleation Mechanism / 10.2.2:
Oxide-Assisted Growth Mechanism / 10.2.3:
Comparison between Metal Catalyst VLS Growth and OAG / 10.2.4:
Control of SiNW Nanostructures in OAG / 10.3:
Morphology Control by Substrate Temperature / 10.3.1:
Diameter Control of Nanowires / 10.3.2:
Large-Area Aligned and Long SiNWs via Flow Control / 10.3.3:
Si Nanoribbons / 10.3.4:
Nanowires of Si Compounds by Multistep Oxide-Assisted Synthesis / 10.4:
Nanocables / 10.4.1:
Metal Silicide/SiNWs from Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc Implantation / 10.4.2:
Synthesis of Oriented SiC Nanowires / 10.4.3:
Implementation of OAG to Different Semiconducting Materials / 10.5:
Chemical Properties of SiNWs / 10.6:
Stability of H-Terminated SiNW Surfaces / 10.6.1:
Reduction of Metals in Liquid Solutions / 10.6.2:
Chemical Sensing of SiNWs / 10.6.3:
Use of SiNWs as Templates for Nanomaterial Growth / 10.6.4:
Optical and Electrical Properties of SiNWs / 10.7:
Raman and PL of SiNWs / 10.7.1:
Field Emission from Different Si-Based Nanostructures / 10.7.2:
STM and STS Measurements of SiNWs and B-Doped SiNWs / 10.7.3:
Periodic Array of SiNW Heterojunctions / 10.7.4:
Modeling / 10.8:
High Reactivity of Silicon Suboxide Vapor / 10.8.1:
Thermal and Chemical Stabilities of Pure Silicon Nanostructured Materials / 10.8.2:
Thermal and Chemical Stabilities of Hydrogenated Silicon Nanostructures / 10.8.3:
Summary / 10.9:
Acknowledgment
Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Nanocrystals / S. Sapra ; D. D. SarmaVolume 2:
Structural Transformations / 11.1:
Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy / 11.3:
Fluorescence Spectroscopy / 11.4:
Electronic Structure Calculations / 11.5:
Effective Mass Approximation / 11.5.1:
Empirical Pseudopotential Method / 11.5.2:
Tight-Binding Method / 11.5.3:
Photoemission Studies / 11.6:
Core Level Photoemission / 11.6.1:
Valence Band Photoemission / 11.6.2:
Core-Shell Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Biological Labeling / R. E. Bailey ; S. Nie11.7:
Optical Properties / 12.1:
Surface Modification and Bioconjugation / 12.3:
Applications / 12.5:
Large Semiconductor Molecules / J. F. Corrigan ; M. W. DeGroot13:
Nickel Chalcogenides / 13.1:
Group XI Chalcogenides / 13.3:
Copper Sulfide and Copper Selenide Nanoclusters / 13.3.1:
Cu[subscript 2-x]Te and Ag[subscript 2]Te / 13.3.2:
Ag[subscript 2]S / 13.3.3:
Ag[subscript 2]Se / 13.3.4:
Group XII-chalogenides and the Quantum Confinement Effect / 13.4:
CdS / 13.4.1:
Ternary MM'E / 13.5:
Metal Pnictides from E(SiMe[subscript 3])[subscript 3] Reagents / 13.6:
Conclusions and Outlook / 13.7:
Oxomolybdates: From Structures to Functions in a New Era of Nanochemistry / S. Roy14:
Introduction: Similarities between Nanotechnology in Nature and Chemistry? / 14.1:
Sizes, Shapes, and Complexity of Nano-objects are Determined by the Nature and Variety of the Constituent Building Blocks / 14.2:
Nanoscaled Clusters with Unusual Form-Function Relationships / 14.3:
Perspectives for Materials Science and Nanotechnology: En Route to Spherical-Surface, Nanoporous-Cluster, and Super-Supramolecular Chemistry Including the Option of Modelling Cell Response / 14.4:
Nanostructured Polymers / S. Ramakrishnan15:
Macromolecular Structural Control / 15.1:
Living Polymerization / 15.2.1:
Polymer Conformational Control / 15.3:
Morphology of Block Copolymers / 15.4:
Nanostructures Based on Bulk Phase Separation / 15.5:
Nanostructures Based on Lyotropic Mesophases / 15.6:
Core-Crosslinked Systems / 15.6.1:
Shell-Crosslinked Systems / 15.6.2:
Nanocages / 15.6.3:
Rod-Coil Diblock Copolymers / 15.7:
Nanostructures from Polymerized Surfactant Assemblies / 15.8:
Summary and Outlook / 15.9:
Recent Developments in the Chemistry and Chemical Applications of Porous Silicon / J. M. Schmeltzer ; J. M. Buriak16:
Preparation and Characterization of Porous Silicon Substrates / 16.1:
Surface Chemistry of Porous Silicon Surfaces / 16.3:
Chemical Applications Based on Porous Silicon / 16.4:
Bioactive Porous Silicon / 16.4.1:
Micro Enzyme Reactors ([mu]IMERS) and Total Analysis Systems ([mu]TAS) / 16.4.2:
Porous Silicon Sensors / 16.4.3:
Explosive Porous Silicon / 16.4.4:
Desorption/Ionization on Silicon Mass Spectrometry (DIOS-MS) / 16.4.5:
Conclusion / 16.5:
Nanocatalysis / S. Abbet ; U. Heiz17:
Chemical Reactions on Point Defects of Oxide Surfaces / 17.1:
Chemical Reactions and Catalytic Processes on Free and Supported Clusters / 17.3:
Catalytic Processes on Free Metal Clusters / 17.3.1:
Chemical Reactions and Catalytic Cycles on Supported Clusters / 17.3.2:
Turn-Over Frequencies of Catalytic Reactions on Supported Clusters / 17.3.3:
Chemical Reactions Induced by Confined Electrons / 17.4:
Nanoporous Materials / P. M. Forster17.5:
Stability of Open-Framework Materials / 18.1:
Aluminosilicate Zeolites / 18.3:
Open-Framework Metal Phosphates / 18.4:
Aluminum Phosphates / 18.4.1:
Phosphates of Gallium and Indium / 18.4.2:
Tin(II) Phosphates and Antimony(III) Phosphates / 18.4.3:
Transition Metal Phosphates / 18.4.4:
Chalcogenides, Halides, Nitrides and Oxides / 18.5:
Sulfides and Selenides / 18.5.1:
Halides / 18.5.2:
Nitrides / 18.5.3:
Binary Metal Oxides / 18.5.4:
Sulfates / 18.5.5:
Hybrid Nanoporous Materials / 18.6:
Coordination Polymers / 18.6.1:
Hybrid Metal Oxides / 18.6.2:
Photochemistry and Electrochemistry of Nanoassemblies / P. V. Kamat18.7:
Metal and Semiconductor Nanostructures / 19.1:
Photoinduced Charge Transfer Processes in Semiconductor Nanoparticle Systems / 19.2:
Photoinduced Transformations of Metal Nanoparticles / 19.3:
Transient Bleaching of the Surface Plasmon Band / 19.3.1:
Laser Induced Fusion and Fragmentation of Metal Nanoclusters / 19.3.2:
Photoinduced Energy and Electron Transfer Process between Excited Sensitizer and Metal Nanocore / 19.3.3:
Electrochemistry of Semiconductor Nanostructures / 19.4:
Nanostructured Metal Oxide Films / 19.4.1:
Nanostructured Oxide Films Modified with Dyes and Redox Chromophores / 19.4.2:
Photocurrent Generation / 19.4.3:
Electrochemistry of Metal Nanostructures / 19.5:
Semiconductor-Metal Nanocomposites / 19.6:
Improving the Efficiency of Photocatalytic Transformations / 19.6.1:
Fermi Level Equilibration / 19.6.2:
Acknowledgement / 19.7:
Outline / S. Devarajan ; S. Sampath20:
Preparation of Nanostructures / 20.1:
Electrochemistry with Metallic Nanoparticles / 20.3:
Monolayer-Protected Nanoclusters / 20.3.1:
Nanoelectrode Ensembles / 20.3.2:
Single Electron Events / 20.4:
Probing Nanoparticles using Electrochemistry Coupled with Spectroscopy / 20.5:
Nanosensors / 20.6:
Biosensors / 20.6.1:
Chemical Sensors / 20.6.2:
Electrocatalysis / 20.7:
Summary and Perspectives / 20.8:
Nanolithography and Nanomanipulation / A. K. Raychaudhuri21:
Template Fabrication / 21.1:
Polycarbonate Etched Track Templates / 21.2.1:
Fabrication of Anodized Alumina Membrane / 21.2.2:
Anodized Alumina Membrane as a Mask for Physical Vapor Deposition / 21.2.3:
Templates Made in Block Copolymers / 21.2.4:
Fabrication of Nanostructures in the Templates / 21.3:
Electrodeposition / 21.3.1:
Sol-Gel Method / 21.3.2:
CVD Method / 21.3.3:
Scanning Probe Based Anodic Oxidation as a Tool for the Fabrication of Nanostructures / 21.4:
Oxidation of Metallic Substrates / 21.4.1:
Oxidation of Semiconducting Substrates / 21.4.2:
Use of Scanning Probe Microscopy in Dip Pen Nanolithography / 21.5:
Use of Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanomanipulation / 21.6:
Nano-Electromechanical Systems / 21.7:
Index
Preface
List of Contributors
Nanomaterials:
33.

図書

図書
Habib Ammari, Hyeonbae Kang
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2004  ix, 238 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in mathematics ; 1846
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Introduction / 1:
Detection of Small Conductivity Inclusions / Part I:
Transmission Problem / 2:
Some Notations and Preliminaries / 2.1:
Layer Potentials for the Laplacian / 2.2:
Neumann and Dirichlet Functions / 2.3:
Representation Formula / 2.4:
Energy Identities / 2.5:
Generalized Polarization Tensors / 3:
Definition / 3.1:
Uniqueness Result / 3.2:
Symmetry and Positivity of GPT's / 3.3:
Bounds for the Polarization Tensor of Pólya-Szegö / 3.4:
Estimates of the Weighted Volume and the Center of Mass / 3.5:
Polarization Tensors of Multiple Inclusions / 3.6:
Properties / 3.6.1:
Representation by Equivalent Ellipses / 3.6.3:
Derivation of the Full Asymptotic Formula / 4:
Energy Estimates / 4.1:
Asymptotic Expansion / 4.2:
Closely Spaced Small Inclusions / 4.3:
Detection of Inclusions / 5:
Constant Current Projection Algorithm / 5.1:
Quadratic Algorithm / 5.2:
Least-Squares Algorithm / 5.3:
Variational Algorithm / 5.4:
Linear Sampling Method / 5.5:
Lipschitz-Continuous Dependence and Moments Estimations / 5.6:
Lipschitz-Continuous Dependence / 5.6.1:
Moments Estimations / 5.6.2:
Detection of Small Elastic Inclusions / Part II:
Transmission Problem for Elastostatics / 6:
Layer Potentials for the Lamé System / 6.1:
Kelvin Matrix Under Unitary Transforms / 6.2:
Complex Representation of Displacement Vectors / 6.3:
Elastic Moment Tensor / 7:
Asymptotic Expansion in Free Space / 7.1:
Properties of EMT's / 7.2:
EMT's Under Linear Transforms / 7.3:
EMT's for Ellipses / 7.4:
EMT's for Elliptic Holes and Hard Ellipses / 7.5:
Derivation of Full Asymptotic Expansions / 8:
Full Asymptotic Expansions / 8.1:
Detection of EMT's / 9:
Representation of the EMT's by Ellipses / 9.2:
Detection of the Location / 9.3:
Numerical Results / 9.4:
Detection of Small Electromagnetic Inclusions / Part III:
Well-Posedness / 10:
Existence and Uniqueness of a Solution / 10.1:
Representation of Solutions / 11:
Preliminary Results / 11.1:
Representation Formulae / 11.2:
Derivation of Asymptotic Formulae / 12:
Reconstruction Algorithms / 12.1:
Reconstruction of Multiple Inclusions / 13.1:
The Fourier Transform Algorithm / 13.2.1:
The MUSIC Algorithm / 13.2.2:
Appendices / A:
Theorem of Coifman, McIntosh, and Meyer / A.1:
Continuity Method / A.2:
Collectively Compact Operators / A.3:
Uniqueness for the Inverse Conductivity Problem / A.4:
Uniqueness With Many Measurements / A.4.1:
Uniqueness of Disks With One Measurement / A.4.2:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Detection of Small Conductivity Inclusions / Part I:
Transmission Problem / 2:
34.

図書

図書
Michael Trott
出版情報: New York : Springer, c2004  1 v. in 2 (xxxv, 1340 p.) ; 24 cm
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35.

図書

図書
International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation ; IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
出版情報: [Piscataway, N.J.] : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, c2004  3 v. (l, 3230, 16 p.) ; 28 cm
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36.

図書

図書
edited by Knud H. Nierhaus and Daniel N. Wilson
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2004  xviii, 579 p. ; 25 cm
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Foreword
Preface
Abbreviations
Fundamentals tIntroduction / Part I:
Electrophoresis / 1:
General / 1.0:
Electrophoresis in non-restrictive gels / 1.1:
Electrophoresis in restrictive gels / 1.2:
Isotachophoresis / 2:
Migration with the same speed / 2.1:
""Ion train"" separation / 2.2:
Zone sharpening effect / 2.3:
Concentration regulation effect / 2.4:
Isoelectric focusing / 3:
Principles / 3.1:
Gels for IEF / 3.2:
Temperature / 3.3:
Controlling the pH gradient / 3.4:
The kinds of pH gradients / 3.5:
Protein detection in IEFgels / 3.6:
Foreword
Preface
Abbreviations
37.

図書

東工大
目次DB

図書
東工大
目次DB
眞溪歩著
出版情報: 東京 : 昭晃堂, 2004.3  ii, iv, iv, 225p ; 21cm
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1.1複素数の取り扱い 1
   1.1.1複素数の表記 1
   1.1.2オイラーの公式 2
   1.1.3複素数の四則演算 4
   1.2ベクトルの取り扱い 9
   1.2.1ベクトル空間 9
   1.2.2ノルム 10
   1.2.3内積 12
   1.2.4固有値と固有関数 14
   1.32つの関数・数列間の演算 16
   1.3.1たたみ込み 17
   1.3.2循環たたみ込み 19
   1.3.3有限長の数列のたたみ込み 22
   1.3.4相関関数 23
   1.4特殊な関数 26
   1.4.1ステップ関数 26
   1.4.2デルタ関数 26
2.1最小2乗近似 29
   2.1.1実験における最小2乗法 29
   2.1.2最小2乗近似 30
   2.1.3直交性 32
   2.1.4直交関数展開 36
   2.2フーリエ級数 38
   2.2.1収束性 38
   2.2.2直交関数系 39
   2.2.3フーリエ級数の定義 41
   2.2.4フーリエ級数の性質 46
   2.2.5ギプス現象 48
   演習問題 55
3.1フーリエ変換 57
   3.1.1フーリエ変換の定義 57
   3.1.2フーリエ変換の性質 61
   3.2離散時間フーリエ変換 69
   3.2.1連続時間信号の離散化 69
   3.2.2離散時間フーリエ変換の定義 70
   3.2.3離散時間フーリエ変換の性質 73
   3.2.4サンプリング定理 75
   3.2.5アンチエリアシング 81
   3.3離散フーリエ変換 86
   3.3.1離散フーリエ変換の定義 86
   3.3.2離散フーリエ変換の性質 90
   3.4高速フーリエ変換 97
   3.4.1高速フーリエ変換の導出 97
   3.4.2高速フーリエ変換の利用 103
   3.5窓フーリエ変換 106
   3.5.1離散窓フーリエ変換 106
   3.5.2短時間フーリエ変換 112
   演習問題 116
4.1z変換 118
   4.1.1z変換の定義 118
   4.1.2逆z変換 122
   4.1.3z変換の性質 124
   4.2離散時間線形時不変システム 129
   4.2.1離散時間システムの表し方 129
   4.2.2時不変性 130
   4.2.3線形性 132
   4.2.4インパルス応答 133
   4.2.5因果性 134
   4.2.6伝達関数 135
   4.2.7ブロック線図 136
   4.2.8差分方程式 138
   4.2.9BIBO安定性 142
   4.2.10周波数応答 143
   4.2.11最小・最大位相システム 151
   4.2.12線形位相システム 159
   4.2.13.全域通過システム 165
   4.2.14非因果的システム 166
   演習問題 167
5.1フィルタの分類 169
   5.1.1システムによる分類 169
   5.1.2利用目的による分類 169
   5.2FIRフィルタの設計 172
   5.2.1最小2乗近似による設計 172
   5.2.2窓関数による設計 176
   5.2.3周波数変換 181
   5.3IIRフィルタの設計 185
   5.3.1インパルス不変変換 185
   5.3.2双線形変換 187
   5.3.3周波数変換 190
   5.4ディジタルフィルタの実際 195
   5.4.1フィルタの誤差 195
   5.4.2過渡現象 196
   5.4.3FIRフィルタとIIRフィルタ 196
   5.4.4フィルタ設計ツールの利用 197
   演習問題 198
6.1ラプラス変換 199
   6.1.1ラプラス変換の定義 199
   6.1.2ラプラス変換の性質 200
   6.2連続時間線形時不変システム 201
   6.2.1連続時間線形時不変システムの記述と性質 201
   6.2.2エリアシング再考 205
   6.2.3各種変換のまとめ 206
   6.3アナログフィルタ 207
   6.3.1バターワースフィルタ 207
   6.3.2チェビシェフフィルタ 210
   6.3.3周波数変換 213
   演習問題略解 215
   参考書 216
   索引 217
1.1複素数の取り扱い 1
   1.1.1複素数の表記 1
   1.1.2オイラーの公式 2
38.

図書

図書
Wolfgang Reichel
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2004  xiii, 152 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in mathematics ; 1841
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Introduction / 1:
A convex functional / 1.1:
A functional with supercritical growth / 1.2:
Construction of the transformations / 1.3:
Uniqueness of critical points (I) / 2:
One-parameter transformation groups / 2.1:
Variational sub-symmetries and uniqueness of critical points / 2.2:
Uniqueness results for critical points of constrained functionals / 2.3:
First order variational integrals / 2.4:
Classical uniqueness results / 2.5:
Convex functionals / 2.5.1:
Uniqueness of a saddle point / 2.5.2:
Strict variational sub-symmetry w.r.t. an affine subspace / 2.5.3:
Uniqueness of positive solutions for sublinear problems / 2.5.4:
Simplicity of the first eigenvalue / 2.5.5:
Uniqueness of critical points (II) / 3:
Riemannian manifolds / 3.1:
Action of transformation groups on functions / 3.2:
Rate of change of derivatives and volume-forms / 3.5:
Rate of change of first-order variational functionals / 3.6:
Partial derivatives of Lagrangians / 3.6.1:
The rate of change formula / 3.6.2:
Noether's formula and Poho aev's identity / 3.6.3:
Admissible transformation groups / 3.7:
Rate of change formula for solutions / 3.8:
Variational sub-symmetries / 3.9:
Uniqueness of critical points / 3.10:
Uniqueness of critical points for constrained functionals / 3.11:
Functional constraints / 3.11.1:
Pointwise constraints / 3.11.2:
Differentiability of the group orbits / 3.12:
Variational problems on Riemannian manifolds / 4:
Example manifolds and their representations / 4.1:
Supercritical boundary value problems / 4.2:
A weak substitute for the vector-field x / 4.2.1:
Critical points of a free functional / 4.2.2:
Critical points of constrained functionals / 4.2.3:
Applications / 4.2.4:
Harmonic maps / 4.3:
Supercritical boundary value problems: revisited / 4.4:
A better substitute for the vector-field x? / 4.4.1:
Conformal vector-fields and conformal maps / 4.4.2:
Yamabe's equation / 4.4.3:
Yamabe's equation with boundary terms / 4.4.4:
Conformal vector fields on conformally flat manifolds / 4.4.5:
The bifurcation problem on rotation surfaces / 4.4.6:
Harmonic maps into conformally flat manifolds / 4.5:
Scalar problems in Euclidean space / 5:
Extensions of Poho aev's result to more general domains / 5.1:
Nonlinear Neumann boundary conditions / 5.1.1:
Extension to operators of q-Laplacian type / 5.1.2:
Extension to the mean-curvature operator / 5.1.3:
Uniqueness of non-zero solutions / 5.2:
The subcritical case / 5.3:
Perturbations of conformally contractible domains / 5.4:
Uniqueness in the presence of radial symmetry / 5.5:
The radially symmetric q-Laplacian / 5.5.1:
Partial radial symmetry / 5.5.3:
Notes on further results / 5.6:
Vector problems in Euclidean space / 6:
The Emden-Fowler system / 6.1:
Boundary displacement problem in nonlinear elasticity / 6.2:
Uniqueness for the boundary displacement problem (compressible case) / 6.2.1:
Uniqueness for the boundary displacement problem (incompressible case) / 6.2.2:
A uniqueness result in dimension two / 6.3:
H. Wente's uniqueness result for closed surfaces of prescribed mean curvature / 6.4:
A Fréchet-differentiability
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
A convex functional / 1.1:
A functional with supercritical growth / 1.2:
39.

図書

図書
by Helmut Strade
出版情報: Berlin : Walter de Gruyter, c2004  viii, 540 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: De Gruyter expositions in mathematics ; 38
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Introduction
Toral subalgebras in p-envelopes / 1:
p-envelopes / 1.1:
The absolute toral rank / 1.2:
Extended roots / 1.3:
Absolute toral ranks of parametrized families / 1.4:
Toral switching / 1.5:
Lie algebras of special derivations / 2:
Divided power mappings / 2.1:
Subalgebras defined by flags / 2.2:
Transitive embeddings of Lie algebras / 2.3:
Automorphisms and derivations / 2.4:
Filtrations and gradations / 2.5:
Minimal embeddings of filtered and associated graded Lie algebras / 2.6:
Miscellaneous / 2.7:
A universal embedding / 2.8:
The constructions can be made basis free / 2.9:
Derivation simple algebras and modules / 3:
Frobenius extensions / 3.1:
Induced modules / 3.2:
Block's theorems / 3.3:
Derivation semisimple associative algebras / 3.4:
Weisfeiler's theorems / 3.5:
Conjugacy classes of tori / 3.6:
Simple Lie algebras / 4:
Classical Lie algebras / 4.1:
Lie algebras of Cartan type / 4.2:
Melikian algebras / 4.3:
Simple Lie algebras in characteristic 3 / 4.4:
Recognition theorems / 5:
Cohomology groups / 5.1:
From local to global Lie algebras / 5.2:
Representations / 5.3:
Generating Melikian algebras / 5.4:
The Weak Recognition Theorem / 5.5:
The Recognition Theorem / 5.6:
Wilson's Theorem / 5.7:
The isomorphism problem / 6:
A first attack / 6.1:
The compatibility property / 6.2:
Special algebras / 6.3:
Orbits of Hamiltonian forms / 6.4:
Hamiltonian algebras / 6.5:
Contact algebras / 6.6:
Structure of simple Lie algebras / 6.7:
Derivations / 7.1:
Restrictedness / 7.2:
Automorphisms / 7.3:
Gradings / 7.4:
Tori / 7.5:
W(1; n) / 7.6:
Pairings of induced modules / 8:
Cartan prolongation / 8.1:
Module pairings / 8.2:
Trigonalizability / 8.3:
Toral rank 1 Lie algebras / 9:
Solvable maximal subalgebras / 9.1:
Cartan subalgebras of toral rank 1 / 9.2:
Notation
Bibliography
Index
Introduction
Toral subalgebras in p-envelopes / 1:
p-envelopes / 1.1:
40.

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東工大
目次DB

図書
東工大
目次DB
岡部哲夫, 藤田広志編集
出版情報: 東京 : 医歯薬出版, 2004.10  xv, 331p ; 26cm
シリーズ名: 医用放射線科学講座 ; 14
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   第2編 ディジタル画像論
第1章 ディジタル画像の生成(藤田広告)
   1 ディジタルラジオグラフィ(DR) 45
   1.1 定義と分類 45
   1.2 DRシステムの基本構成 46
   2 ディジタル化 47
   2.1 標本化 47
   2.2 量子化 47
   2.3 ディジタル化と画質 48
   2.4 ディジタル化パラメーター 49
   2.5 三次元画像 52
   3 標本化定理とエリアシング 52
   3.1 標本化定理 52
   3.2 ナイキスト周波数とエリアシング 54
   4 ディジタル画像のデータ量と圧縮 56
   4.1 データ量 56
   4.2 画像圧縮 57
第2章 ディジタルラシオグラフィの画質(藤田広志)
   1 画質に影響する因子 59
   2 代表的な画質評価法 60
   2.1 特性曲線 60
   2.1.1 DR系の粋趾曲線の定義 60
   2.1.2 DRの特性曲線の例 61
   2.1.3 特性曲線の有用性 62
   2.1.4 特性曲線の測定法 63
   2.1.5 ディジタル曲線の測定例 63
   2.2 MTF 64
   2.2.1 DR系におけるMTF 64
   2.2.2 基礎解析 66
   2.2.3 プリサンプリングMTFの測定法 68
   2.2.4 オーバーオールMTF 70
   2.2.5 クレア 71
   2.3 ウィーナースペクトル(WS) 71
   2.3.1 DR系におけるWS 71
   2.3.2 基礎解析 72
   2.3.3 WSの測定法 74
   2.3.4 DSAにおけるWSの測定例 75
   4 SN比 76
   2.4.1 NEQとDQE 76
   2.4.2 知覚系の内部雑音を考慮したSN比 77
   2.5 C-Dダイアグラム 78
   2.6 ROC曲線 78
   2.6.1 必要なピクセル寸法のROC解析 79
   2.6.2 画像処理効果のROC解析 80
   3 CR画像の画質 80
   3.1 画像読み取り部の構造 81
   3.2 画像形成過程と画質 81
   3.2.1 解像特性 81
   3.2.2 ノイズ特性 83
   4 FPD画像の画質 84
   4.1 FPDによる画像形成 84
   4.2 画質の測定例 85
   第3編 画像処理と医学への応用
第1章 画像処理の基礎(石田隆行)
   1 画像の拡大・縮小 89
   1.1 座標変換 89
   1.2 濃度補間 90
   2 階調処理 91
   2.1 LUTを用いた階調処理 81
   2.2 ウィンドウズ処理 92
   2.3 濃度値ヒストグラムを用いた階調処理 92
   2.3.1 ヒストグラム平坦化(均等化) 92
   3 空間フィルタ処理 93
   3.1 画像の平滑化 94
   3.1.1 局所オペレータを用いた平滑化処理 94
   2 画像の鮮鋭化 96
   3.2.1 ボケマスク処理 97
   3.2.2 ラブラシアン 98
   4 エッジ検出 99
   4.1 一次微分処理 99
   4.2 二次微分処理 100
   5 空間周波数フィルタ処理 101
   5.1 畳み込み積分とフーリエ変換 101
   5.2 空間周波数フィルタ処理 102
   6 画像の2値化 104
   7 ラベリング 105
   8 モルフォロジカルフィルタ 107
   8.1 膨張と収縮 107
   8.2 オープニングとクロージング 108
   9 画像間演算 108
   9.1 四則処理 108
   9.2 論理演算 110
第2章 三次元画像表示法(佐野耕-,及川道雄)
   1背景 113
   2 三次元画像処理の概要 113
   3 三次元抽出法 114
   4 三次元表示法の概要 115
   4.1 多面体モデル 115
   4.2 Zバッファシェーディングボクセルモデル 116
   4.3 三次元シェーディンブボクセルモデル 116
   4.4 ボリウムレンダリング 116
   5 ボリウムレンダリング法 116
   6 三次元画像の利用方法 118
   6.1 三次元データの取得 118
   6.2 ハードウェア 118
   6.3 ソフトウェア 119
   7 診断・治療への応用 119
   7.1 仮想内視鏡 119
   7.2 治療計画支援 119
   7.3 手術シュミレーション 119
   7.4 手術ナビゲーション 120
   7.5 実手術モニタ 120
   7.6 テレオペレーション 120
   7.7 手術支援ロボット 120
第3章 医用画像への応用
   1 ディジタルX線 (杜下序次,藤田広志) 121
   1.1 画像の変換と強調 121
   1.1.1 階調処理 121
   1.1.2 非線形な写真濃度補正 122
   1.1.3 ダイナミックレンジの圧縮処理 123
   1.2 画像の鮮鋭化のための処理 125
   1.3 サブトラクション処理 128
   2 CT 131
   1 CTスキャノの種類(沈 雲) 131
   2 CT再構成の原理(FBP) 132
   2.2.1 投影再構成理論とフィルタ補正逆投影法 132
   2.2.2 シングルスライスCTでのヘリカルスキャンの再構成処理 133
   2.3 マルチスライスシステムにおける再構成処理(市川勝弘) 136
   2.3.1 マルチスライスCTの検出器 136
   2.3.2 180°補問再構成 137
   2.3.3 フィルタ補間処理 137
   2.3.4 コーノ角の補正 138
   2.3.5 マルチスライスCTの画質 139
   2.3.6 マルチスライスCTの画像 139
   2.4 マルチスライスCTにおける心臓専用再構成処理(沈雲) 140
   2.4.1 cardiac segment algorithm (心臓ハーフ再構成法,CHR) 141
   2.4.2 cardiac multi sector algorithm (マルチセクタ再構成法, MSR) 142
   2.5 CT画像の表示処理 143
   2.5.1 ウィンドウズ処理 143
   2.5.2 統計処理 144
   2.5.3 画像表示と三次元処理 144
   3 MRI(紀ノ定保臣) 148
   3.1 MRIの撮像パラメーターと画質 148
   3.1.1 MRIの撮像パラメーターと画質の関係 148
   3.1.2 MRI における画質改善 150
   3.2 MRIによく用いられる画像処理 153
   3.2.1 画像間演算処理とSAS 153
   3.2.2 ray tracing algorithm 156
   3.2.3 MR angiography と三次元表示手法 158
   3 MRIにおけるサーフェイスレンダリング手法の応用 151
   4 DSA(梅田徳男) 164
   4.1 種類 164
   4.2 原理 164
   4.3 画像のノイズとその処理 165
   4.3.1 画像テータ取得時のノイズ 165
   4.3.2 画像作成時の問題 165
   4.3.3 積算処理 165
   4 処理の基本ルーチン 166
   4.4.1 撮影 166
   4.4.2 画像差分法 166
   4.4.3 オート位置合わせ 167
   4.4.4 補間処理 168
   4.5 濃度補正 168
   4.6 多重処理 168
   4.7 医用画像への応用 169
   4.7.1 脳血管への応用例 169
   4.7.2 三次元血管撮影法 169
   5 超音波(長渾 亨) 170
   5.1 医療における超音波の応用 170
   5.1.1 超音波診断装置の特徴 170
   5.2 超音波の物理的性質 170
   5.2.1 パルス波 170
   5.2.2 縦波と横波 171
   5.2.3 波長と音速 171
   5.2.4 反射,屈折,減衰 171
   5.2.5 音場,超音波の伝達特性 172
   5.2.6 方位分解能と距離分解能 172
   5.2.7 帯域幅 172
   5.2.8 ビームプロファイル 173
   5.3 超音波診断装置の構成 173
   5.3.1 パルスエコー法の基本原理 174
   5.3.2 Aモード表示 174
   5.3.3 Bモード表示 174
   5.3.4 Mモード表示 175
   5.3.5 ドブラ法 176
   5.3.6 ハーモニックイメージング法 177
   5.3.7 走査方式 177
   5.4 ブローブ(探触子) 179
   5.5 アーチファクト 179
   5.6 信号処理と画像構成 180
   5.6.1 走査と時間 180
   5.6.2 装置の調整 181
   6 核医学(前田壽登,伊藤網郎) 181
   6.1 Bull's-eye表示法 182
   6.2 ファンクショナルイメージング 184
   6.2.1 位相解析法 186
   6.2.2 デコンボリューション解析 187
   6.2.3 因子分析法 189
   7 医用バーチャルリアリティ(VR)(服部麻木,鈴木直樹) 192
   7.1 VRとは 182
   7.2 リアルタイムイメージング 184
   7.3 VRに用いる入出力装置 193
   7.3.1 ステレオ画像 193
   7.3.2 ヘッドマウントディスプレイ(HMD 193
   7.3.3 力説提示装置 194
   7.4 応用例 194
   7.4.1 四次元的可視化による動態解析 194
   7.4.2 手術ノミュレーノョノノステム 196
   7.4.3 data fusion による画像誘導手術 197
   第4編 医用画像解析
第1章 心機能解析
   1 DSAによる画像解析(浜田正行) 203
   1.1 心機能解析(1)-左心室駆出率 203
   1.1.1 ドッヂ法(area-length法) 203
   1.1.2 シンプソン法 205
   1.2 心機能解析(2)-局所左心室壁運動の評価 205
   1.2.1 局所駆出率 205
   1.2.2 curved perimeter法 205
   1.2.3 radial法(Daughters & Ingels法) 206
   1.2.4 centerlme法(Sheehan法) 208
   1.3 位相解析 208
   1.4 冠動脈径およひ狭窄率の測定 211
   1.5 機能画像 212
   2 X線CTによる心機能解析(岡部哲夫) 213
   2.1 X線CTによる心臓検査の動向 213
   2.2 ヘリカルCT 213
   2.3 心臓撮影法 214
   2.4 CT-anglography(CT-A) 214
   2.5 CT-ventriculography(CT-V) 214
   2.6 画像再構成法 216
   2.7 心機能解析 216
   3 MRIによる心機能解析(田中良一) 217
   3.1 心臓領域て用いられる撮像法と機能解析 217
   3.1.1 形態診断に用いられる撮像法 217
   3.1.2 機能診断に用いられる撮像法 219
第2章 脳機能解析(中田カ)
   1 fMRI 225
   1.1 原 理 225
   1.1.1 磁化率と磁化率効果 225
   1.1.2 賦活試験と機能画像 226
   1.1.3 fMRIの信号 226
   1.2 実践 228
   1.2.1 撮像装置と解析ソフト 228
   1.2.2 課題設定 230
   2 拡散不等方性解析 230
   2.1 原理 203
   2.1.1 拡散強調画像における信号強度 230
   2.1.2 DWI を用いた拡散テンソル解析 231
   2.2 実践 232
   2.2.1 テンソル画像 232
   2.2.2 軸索画像(MRX) 232
第3章 コンピュータ支援診断
   1 コンピュータ支援診断とは(松原友子) 233
   1.1 コンピュータ支援診断の定義・目的 233
   1.2 システム構成 233
   1.3 コンピュータ支援診断の現状 234
   1.4 コンピュータ支援診断システムの性能評価 236
   1.5 コンピュータ支援診断の将来 236
   2 コンピュータ支援診断の技術(真田 茂) 237
   2.1 乳房X線画像を対象としたCAD 237
   2.1.1 乳房領域およひ乳頭の抽出 237
   2.1.2 微小石灰化陰影の検出と良・悪性鑑別 238
   2.1.3 腫瘤状陰影の検出と良・悪性鑑別 238
   2.2 胸部正面X線画像を対象としたCAD 240
   2.2.1 肺野領域の抽出 240
   2.2.2 時系列画像の差分処理による病巣陰影の強調 241
   2.2.3 結節状陰影の検出 245
   2.2.4 同質性浸潤影の定量 242
   2.2.5 心縁辺縁の検出 243
   2.2.6 線状陰影の検出 244
   2.3 胸部CT画像を対象としたCAD 245
   2.3.1 賄野領域の抽出 245
   2.3.2 結節状陰影の検出と良・悪性鑑別 246
   2.4 DSA血管像を対象としたCAD 248
   2.4.1 血沈の解析 248
   2.4.2 血管狭窄率の解析 248
   2.4.3 血管走行の追跡 248
   2.5 骨X線画像を対象としたCAD 248
   2.6 CAD の性能評価 246
第4章 ニューラルネットワークとガジ推論を用いた画像支援診断
   1 ニューラルネノトワーク(藤田広志) 251
   1.1 ニューラルネットワークの基礎 251
   1.1.1 ニューロコンピュータ 251
   1.1.2 ニューロンのモデル 251
   1.1.3 ハーセプトロン 253
   1.1.4 ニューラルネットワーク 253
   1.2 パターン認識への応用 254
   1.2.1 ブラックボックス 254
   1.2.2 ニューラルネットワークの実行手順 254
   1.2.3 パターン分類 255
   1.3 医療支援診断システムヘの応用 255
   1.3.1 応用の現状 255
   1.3.2 デシジョンサポートの例 257
   1.3.3 ブルズ・アイ画像の支援診断の例 258
   1.4 ニューラルネツトワークの将来 258
   2 ファジィ推論(内山明彦) 260
   2.1 ファジィ集合とは 260
   2.2 ファジィ論理 261
   2.3 ファジィ推論 262
   2.4 脱ファジィ化 264
   2.5 画像診断の実例 264
   第5編 画像関連機器
第1章 画像ワークステーションの仕組み(岡部哲夫)
   1 画像ワークステーションとは 269
   2 ハードウェアの構造 270
   2.1 マザーボードとチップセット 270
   2.2 パス 271
   2.3 中央演算処理装置(CPU) 272
   2.4 DMAコントローラ 273
   2.5 画像演算処理装置(IP) 273
   2.6 記憶装置 273
   2.6.1 半導体メモリ 273
   2.6.2 可般型記憶装置 273
   2.7 表示装置ディスプレイ 274
   2.8 画像ワークステーションの選定 274
第2章 画像入力と装置(加野亜紀子)
   1 ディジタイザの必要性 277
   2 ディジタイザの種類 277
   3 フィルムディジタイザの基本構成 278
   3.1 レーザービームディジタイザ 278
   3.2 CCDスキャナ 279
   4 フィルムディジタイザの画質特性 279
   4.1 フィルムディジタイザに要求される性能 279
   4.2 空間分解能 279
   4.3 濃度分解能 280
   5 その他のディジタイズ手段 280
   6 フィルムディジタイズの応用技術 281
   6.1 ディジタルデュープシステム 281
   6.2 患者情報自動認識システム 281
第3章 画像のソフトコピーとハードコピー
   1 CRTディスプレイ(坂野秀和 283
   1.1 CRTディスプレイの構造と動作原理 283
   1.2 CRTディスプレイの諸特性 284
   1.2.1 表示画素数と電子回路抒吐との関係 284
   1.2.2 表示画像の解像度 285
   1.2.3 表示画像の輝度とコントラスト 287
   1.3 医療用モノクロCRTディスプレイの要求条件と現状 288
   2 液晶ディスプレイ 289
   2.1 液晶ディスプレイの構造と動作原理 290
   2.1.1 TN液晶の光変調原理 290
   2.1.2 液晶の駆動方式 291
   2.1.3 液晶ディスプレイの電子回路 293
   2.2 液晶ディスプレイの諸特性と現状 293
   2.2.1 液晶ディスプレイの諸特性 293
   2.2.2 高精細液晶ディスプレイの現状 294
   2.2.3 CRTと液晶ディスプレイの比較 295
   3 レーザープリンタ(鈴木俊昭) 296
   1 レーザープリンタの原理および構成 296
   3.2 画像信号処理系 297
   3.2.1 入力画像信号 297
   3.2.2 A/D変換処理 297
   3.2.3 補間処理 298
   3.2.4 階調処理 298
   3 レーザ走査系 299
   4 レーザープリンタ用フィルムと現像処理系 300
   3.4.1 ウェット処理方式 300
   3.4.2 ドライ処理方式 300
   5 レーザープリンタの今後 302
第4章 画像伝送(津坂昌和)
   1 ネットワーク技術に必要な基礎知識 303
   I IPアドレスとMACアドレス 303
   1.1.1 MACアドレス 303
   1.1.2 IPアドレス 303
   1.1.3 IPアドレスと4つのクラス 304
   2 グローバルIPアドレスとプライベートIPアドレス 304
   1.2.1 グローバルIPアドレス 304
   1.2.2 プライベートIPアドレス 305
   1.2.3 IPv6 305
   1.3 ネットワークマスク(ネットマスク) 305
   1.4 サブネット 306
   1.5 バーチャルLAN(VLAN) 307
   1.5.1 VLANの基本技術 307
   1.5.2 コリジュン・ドメイン 307
   1.5.3 ブロードキャスト・ドメイン 307
   1.5.4 VLANてサブネットを分割 307
   1.5.5 VLANの種類 308
   1.5.6 マルチレイヤスイッチ 308
   1.6 アドレス変換 309
   1.6.1 NAT 309
   1.6.2 NAPT 309
   1.7 VPN 309
   2 イーサネット技術 310
   2.1 CSMA/CD方式のイーサネットLAN 310
   2.2 IEEE802.3規格のイーサネット 310
   2.1 10BASE-5 310
   2.2 10BASE-2 311
   2.3 10BASE-T 311
   2.3 リピータ(共有型)ハブ 311
   2.4 ブリッジ 311
   2.5 イーサネットスイッチ(L2スイッチ) 312
   2.6 ルータ 313
   2.7 高性能なイーサネットスイッチ 314
   3 インターネット技術 315
   3.1 通信プロトコル 315
   3.1.1 OSI参照モデル 315
   3.1.2 第1層(L1) : 物理層 315
   3.1.3 第2層(L2) : データリンク層 315
   3.1.4 第3層(L3) : ネットワーク層 316
   3.1.5 第4層(L4) : トランスポート層 316
   3.1.6 第5層(L5) : セッション層 317
   3.1.7 第6層(L6) : プレゼンテーション層 317
   3.1.8 第7層(L7) : アプリケーション層 317
   3.2 TCP/IP 317
   3.2.1 TCP/IP とは 317
   3.2.1 TCP/IPによる通信 318
   3.2.2 ローカル不ットワーク内の通信 318
   3.2.4 ARP 318
   3.2.5 ARPによりMACアトレス情報を得る 319
   3.2.6 アプリケーション間の通信とは 319
   3.2.7 ポート番号 319
   3.2.8 TCPの役割 320
   3.2.9 信頼できる通信とは 320
   3.2.10 UDPの役割 320
   3.3 研究室のネットワーク築事例 321
   3.4 ネットワーク構築に便利なコマンド 322
   参考文献 325
   和文索引 329
   欧文索引 332
   第2編 ディジタル画像論
第1章 ディジタル画像の生成(藤田広告)
   1 ディジタルラジオグラフィ(DR) 45
41.

図書

図書
Tomas Björk
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2004  xviii, 466 p. ; 24 cm
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1:
Problem Formulation / 1.1:
The Binomial Model / 2:
The One Period Model / 2.1:
Model Description / 2.1.1:
Portfolios and Arbitrage / 2.1.2:
Contingent Claims / 2.1.3:
Risk Neutral Valuation / 2.1.4:
The Multiperiod Model / 2.2:
Exercises / 2.2.1:
Notes / 2.4:
A More General One Period Model / 3:
The Model / 3.1:
Absence of Arbitrage / 3.2:
Martingale Pricing / 3.3:
Completeness / 3.4:
Stochastic Discount Factors / 3.5:
Stochastic Integrals / 3.6:
Information / 4.1:
Martingales / 4.3:
Stochastic Calculus and the Ito Formula / 4.5:
Examples / 4.6:
The Multidimensional Ito Formula / 4.7:
Correlated Wiener Processes / 4.8:
Differential Equations / 4.9:
Stochastic Differential Equations / 5.1:
Geometric Brownian Motion / 5.2:
The Linear SDE / 5.3:
The Infinitesimal Operator / 5.4:
Partial Differential Equations / 5.5:
The Kolmogorov Equations / 5.6:
Portfolio Dynamics / 5.7:
Self-financing Portfolios / 6.1:
Dividends / 6.3:
Exercise / 6.4:
Arbitrage Pricing / 7:
Contingent Claims and Arbitrage / 7.1:
The Black-Scholes Equation / 7.3:
The Black-Scholes Formula / 7.4:
Options on Futures / 7.6:
Forward Contracts / 7.6.1:
Futures Contracts and the Black Formula / 7.6.2:
Volatility / 7.7:
Historic Volatility / 7.7.1:
Implied Volatility / 7.7.2:
American options / 7.8:
Completeness and Hedging / 7.9:
Completeness in the Black-Scholes Model / 8.1:
Completeness-Absence of Arbitrage / 8.3:
Parity Relations and Delta Hedging / 8.4:
Parity Relations / 9.1:
The Greeks / 9.2:
Delta and Gamma Hedging / 9.3:
The Martingale Approach to Arbitrage Theory / 9.4:
The Case with Zero Interest Rate / 10.1:
A Rough Sketch of the Proof / 10.2:
Precise Results / 10.2.2:
The General Case / 10.3:
Summary for the Working Economist / 10.4:
The Mathematics of the Martingale Approach / 10.8:
Stochastic Integral Representations / 11.1:
The Girsanov Theorem: Heuristics / 11.2:
The Girsanov Theorem / 11.3:
The Converse of the Girsanov Theorem / 11.4:
Girsanov Transformations and Stochastic Differentials / 11.5:
Maximum Likelihood Estimation / 11.6:
Black-Scholes from a Martingale Point of View / 11.7:
Pricing / 12.1:
Multidimensional Models: Classical Approach / 12.3:
Reducing the State Space / 13.1:
Hedging / 13.5:
Multidimensional Models: Martingale Approach / 13.6:
Markovian Models and PDEs / 14.1:
Market Prices of Risk / 14.6:
The Hansen-Jagannathan Bounds / 14.7:
Incomplete Markets / 14.9:
A Scalar Nonpriced Underlying Asset / 15.1:
The Multidimensional Case / 15.3:
A Stochastic Short Rate / 15.4:
The Martingale Approach / 15.5:
Summing Up / 15.6:
Discrete Dividends / 15.7:
Price Dynamics and Dividend Structure / 16.1.1:
Pricing Contingent Claims / 16.1.2:
Continuous Dividends / 16.2:
Continuous Dividend Yield / 16.2.1:
Currency Derivatives / 16.2.2:
Pure Currency Contracts / 17.1:
Domestic and Foreign Equity Markets / 17.2:
Domestic and Foreign Market Prices of Risk / 17.3:
Barrier Options / 17.4:
Mathematical Background / 18.1:
Out Contracts / 18.2:
Down-and-Out Contracts / 18.2.1:
Up-and-Out Contracts / 18.2.2:
In Contracts / 18.2.3:
Ladders / 18.4:
Lookbacks / 18.5:
Stochastic Optimal Control / 18.6:
An Example / 19.1:
The Formal Problem / 19.2:
The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation / 19.3:
Handling the HJB Equation / 19.4:
The Linear Regulator / 19.5:
Optimal Consumption and Investment / 19.6:
A Generalization / 19.6.1:
Optimal Consumption / 19.6.2:
The Mutual Fund Theorems / 19.7:
The Case with No Risk Free Asset / 19.7.1:
The Case with a Risk Free Asset / 19.7.2:
Bonds and Interest Rates / 19.8:
Zero Coupon Bonds / 20.1:
Interest Rates / 20.2:
Definitions / 20.2.1:
Relations between df(t,T), dp(t,T), and dr(t) / 20.2.2:
An Alternative View of the Money Account / 20.2.3:
Coupon Bonds, Swaps, and Yields / 20.3:
Fixed Coupon Bonds / 20.3.1:
Floating Rate Bonds / 20.3.2:
Interest Rate Swaps / 20.3.3:
Yield and Duration / 20.3.4:
Short Rate Models / 20.4:
Generalities / 21.1:
The Term Structure Equation / 21.2:
Martingale Models for the Short Rate / 21.3:
Q-dynamics / 22.1:
Inversion of the Yield Curve / 22.2:
Affine Term Structures / 22.3:
Definition and Existence / 22.3.1:
A Probabilistic Discussion / 22.3.2:
Some Standard Models / 22.4:
The Vasicek Model / 22.4.1:
The Ho-Lee Model / 22.4.2:
The CIR Model / 22.4.3:
The Hull-White Model / 22.4.4:
Forward Rate Models / 22.5:
The Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework / 23.1:
Martingale Modeling / 23.2:
The Musiela Parameterization / 23.3:
Change of Numeraire / 23.4:
Changing the Numeraire / 24.1:
Forward Measures / 24.4:
Using the T-bond as Numeraire / 24.4.1:
An Expectation Hypothesis / 24.4.2:
A General Option Pricing Formula / 24.5:
The General Gaussian Model / 24.6:
Caps and Floors / 24.8:
LIBOR and Swap Market Models / 24.9:
Caps: Definition and Market Practice / 25.1:
The LIBOR Market Model / 25.2:
Pricing Caps in the LIBOR Model / 25.3:
Terminal Measure Dynamics and Existence / 25.4:
Calibration and Simulation / 25.5:
The Discrete Savings Account / 25.6:
Swaps / 25.7:
Swaptions: Definition and Market Practice / 25.8:
The Swap Market Models / 25.9:
Pricing Swaptions in the Swap Market Model / 25.10:
Drift Conditions for the Regular Swap Market Model / 25.11:
Concluding Comment / 25.12:
Forwards and Futures / 25.13:
Futures Contracts / 26.1:
Measure and Integration / 26.3:
Sets and Mappings / A.1:
Measures and Sigma Algebras / A.2:
Integration / A.3:
Sigma-Algebras and Partitions / A.4:
Sets of Measure Zero / A.5:
The L[superscript p] Spaces / A.6:
Hilbert Spaces / A.7:
Sigma-Algebras and Generators / A.8:
Product measures / A.9:
The Lebesgue Integral / A.10:
The Radon-Nikodym Theorem / A.11:
Probability Theory / A.12:
Random Variables and Processes / B.1:
Partitions and Information / B.2:
Sigma-algebras and Information / B.3:
Independence / B.4:
Conditional Expectations / B.5:
Equivalent Probability Measures / B.6:
Martingales and Stopping Times / B.7:
Discrete Stochastic Integrals / C.1:
Likelihood Processes / C.3:
Stopping Times / C.4:
References / C.5:
Index
Introduction / 1:
Problem Formulation / 1.1:
The Binomial Model / 2:
42.

図書

図書
Vassily Manturov
出版情報: Boca Raton, FL : Chapman & Hall/CRC, c2004  400 p. ; 24 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Knots, links, and invariant polynomials / I:
Introduction / 1:
Basic definitions / 1.1:
Reidemeister moves. Knot arithmetics / 2:
Polygonal links and Reidemeister moves / 2.1:
Knot arithmetics and Seifert surfaces / 2.2:
Links in 2-surfaces in R[superscript 3]. Simplest link invariants / 3:
Knots in Surfaces. The classification of torus Knots / 3.1:
The linking coefficient / 3.2:
The Arf invariant / 3.3:
The colouring invariant / 3.4:
Fundamental group. The knot group / 4:
Digression. Examples of unknotting / 4.1:
Fundamental group. Basic definitions and examples / 4.2:
Calculating knot groups / 4.3:
The knot quandle and the Conway algebra / 5:
Geometric and algebraic definitions of the quandle / 5.1:
Geometric description of the quandle / 5.2.1:
Algebraic description of the quandle / 5.2.2:
Completeness of the quandle / 5.3:
Special realisations of the quandle: colouring invariant, fundamental group, Alexander polynomial / 5.4:
The Conway algebra and polynomial invariants / 5.5:
Realisations of the Conway algebra. The Conway-Alexander, Jones, HOMFLY and Kauffman polynomials / 5.6:
More on Alexander's polynomial. Matrix representation / 5.7:
Kauffman's approach to Jones polynomial / 6:
State models in physics and Kauffman's bracket / 6.1:
Kauffman's form of Jones polynomial and skein relations / 6.2:
Kauffman's two-variable polynomial / 6.3:
Properties of Jones polynomials. Khovanov's complex / 7:
Simplest properties / 7.1:
Tait's first conjecture and Kauffman-Murasugi's theorem / 7.2:
Menasco-Thistletwaite theorem and the classification of alternating links / 7.3:
The third Tait conjecture / 7.4:
A knot table / 7.5:
Khovanov's categorification of the Jones polynomial / 7.6:
The two phenomenological conjectures / 7.6.1:
Theory of braids / II:
Braids, links and representations of braid groups / 8:
Four definitions of the braid group / 8.1:
Geometrical definition / 8.1.1:
Topological definition / 8.1.2:
Algebro-geometrical definition / 8.1.3:
Algebraic definition / 8.1.4:
Equivalence of the four definitions / 8.1.5:
The stable braid group / 8.1.6:
Pure braids / 8.1.7:
Links as braid closures / 8.2:
Braids and the Jones polynomial / 8.3:
Representations of the braid groups / 8.4:
The Burau representation / 8.4.1:
A counterexample / 8.4.2:
The Krammer-Bigelow representation / 8.5:
Krammer's explicit formulae / 8.5.1:
Bigelow's construction and main ideas of the proof / 8.5.2:
Braids and links. Braid construction algorithms / 9:
Alexander's theorem / 9.1:
Vogel's algorithm / 9.2:
Algorithms of braid recognition / 10:
The curve algorithm for braid recognition / 10.1:
Construction of the invariant / 10.1.1:
Algebraic description of the invariant / 10.1.3:
LD-systems and the Dehornoy algorithm / 10.2:
Why the Dehornoy algorithm stops / 10.2.1:
Minimal word problem for Br(3) / 10.3:
Spherical, cylindrical, and other braids / 10.4:
Spherical braids / 10.4.1:
Cylindrical braids / 10.4.2:
Markov's theorem. The Yang-Baxter equation / 11:
Markov's theorem after Morton / 11.1:
Formulation. Definitions. Threadings / 11.1.1:
Markov's theorem and threadings / 11.1.2:
Makanin's generalisations. Unary braids / 11.2:
Yang-Baxter equation, braid groups and link invariants / 11.3:
Vassiliev's invariants / III:
Definition and Basic notions of Vassiliev invariant theory / 12:
Singular knots and the definition of finite-type invariants / 12.1:
Invariants of orders zero and one / 12.2:
Examples of higher-order invariants / 12.3:
Symbols of Vassiliev's invariants coming from the Conway polynomial / 12.4:
Other polynomials and Vassiliev's invariants / 12.5:
An example of an infinite-order invariant / 12.6:
The chord diagram algebra / 13:
Basic structures / 13.1:
Bialgebra structure of algebras A[superscript c] and A[superscript t]. Chord diagrams and Feynman diagrams / 13.2:
Lie algebra representations, chord diagrams, and the four colour theorem / 13.3:
Dimension estimates for A[subscript d]. A table of known dimensions / 13.4:
Historical development / 13.4.1:
An upper bound / 13.4.2:
A lower bound / 13.4.3:
A table of dimensions / 13.4.4:
The Kontsevich integral and formulae for the Vassiliev invariants / 14:
Preliminary Kontsevich integral / 14.1:
Z([infinity]) and the normalisation / 14.2:
Coproduct for Feynman diagrams / 14.3:
Invariance of the Kontsevich integral / 14.4:
Integrating holonomies / 14.4.1:
Vassiliev's module / 14.5:
Goussarov's theorem / 14.6:
Gauss diagrams / 14.6.1:
Atoms and d-diagrams / IV:
Atoms, height atoms and knots / 15:
Atoms and height atoms / 15.1:
Theorem on atoms and knots / 15.2:
Encoding of knots by d-diagrams / 15.3:
d-diagrams and chord diagrams. Embeddability criterion / 15.4:
A new proof of the Kauffman-Murasugi theorem / 15.5:
The bracket semigroup of knots / 16:
Representation of long links by words in a finite alphabet / 16.1:
Representation of links by quasitoric braids / 16.2:
Definition of quasitoric braids / 16.2.1:
Pure braids are quasitoric / 16.2.2:
d-diagrams of quasitoric braids / 16.2.3:
Virtual knots / V:
Basic definitions and motivation / 17:
Combinatorial definition / 17.1:
Projections from handle bodies / 17.2:
Gauss diagram approach / 17.3:
Virtual knots and links and their simplest invariants / 17.4:
Invariants coming from the virtual quandle / 17.5:
Fundamental groups / 17.5.1:
Strange properties of virtual knots / 17.5.2:
Invariant polynomials of virtual links / 18:
The virtual grouppoid (quandle) / 18.1:
The Jones-Kauffman polynomial / 18.2:
Presentations of the quandle / 18.3:
The fundamental group / 18.3.1:
The V A-polynomial / 18.3.2:
Properties of the V A-polynomial / 18.4.1:
Multiplicative approach / 18.5:
The two-variable polynomial / 18.5.1:
The multivariable polynomial / 18.7:
Generalised Jones-Kauffman polynomial / 19:
Introduction. Basic definitions / 19.1:
An example / 19.2:
Atoms and virtual knots. Minimality problems / 19.3:
Long virtual knots and their invariants / 20:
The long quandle / 20.1:
Colouring invariant / 20.3:
The [characters not reproducible]-rational function / 20.4:
Virtual knots versus long virtual knots / 20.5:
Virtual braids / 21:
Definitions of virtual braids / 21.1:
Burau representation and its generalisations / 21.2:
Invariants of virtual braids / 21.3:
The construction of the main invariant / 21.3.1:
First fruits / 21.3.3:
How strong is the invariant f? / 21.3.4:
Virtual links as closures of virtual braids / 21.4:
An analogue of Markov's theorem / 21.5:
Other theories / VI:
3-manifolds and knots in 3-manifolds / 22:
Knots in RP[superscript 3] / 22.1:
An introduction to the Kirby theory / 22.2:
The Heegaard theorem / 22.2.1:
Constructing manifolds by framed links / 22.2.2:
How to draw bands / 22.2.3:
The Kirby moves / 22.2.4:
The Witten invariants / 22.3:
The Temperley-Lieb algebra / 22.3.1:
The Jones-Wenzl idempotent / 22.3.2:
The main construction / 22.3.3:
Invariants of links in three-manifolds / 22.4:
Virtual 3-manifolds and their invariants / 22.5:
Legendrian knots and their invariants / 23:
Legendrian manifolds and Legendrian curves / 23.1:
Contact structures / 23.1.1:
Planar projections of Legendrian links / 23.1.2:
Definition, basic notions, and theorems / 23.2:
Fuchs-Tabachnikov moves / 23.3:
Maslov and Bennequin numbers / 23.4:
Finite-type invariants of Legendrian knots / 23.5:
The differential graded algebra (DGA) of a Legendrian knot / 23.6:
Chekanov-Pushkar' invariants / 23.7:
Basic examples / 23.8:
Independence of Reidemeister moves / A:
Vassiliev's invariants for virtual links / B:
The Goussarov-Viro-Polyak approach / B.1:
The Kauffman approach / B.2:
Some observations / B.2.1:
Energy of a knot / C:
Unsolved problems in knot theory / D:
Bibliography / E:
Index
Knots, links, and invariant polynomials / I:
Introduction / 1:
Basic definitions / 1.1:
43.

図書

図書
Trygve Johnsen, Andreas Leopold Knutsen
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2004  viii, 164 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in mathematics ; 1842
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Introduction / 1:
Background / 1.1:
Related literature / 1.2:
How the book is organised / 1.3:
Notation and conventions / 1.4:
Surfaces in Scrolls / 2:
Rational normal scrolls / 2.1:
Specializing to K3 surfaces / 2.2:
The Clifford index of smooth curves in and the definition of the scrolls T (c, D, {Dλ}) / 3:
Gonality and Clifford index of curves / 3.1:
The result of Green and Lazarsfeld / 3.2:
Clifford divisors / 3.3:
Getting a scroll / 3.4:
Two existence theorems / 4:
The singular locus of the surface S' and the scroll T / 5:
The singular locus of ϕL(S) / 5.1:
The singular locus of T and perfect Clifford divisors / 5.2:
Postponed proofs / 6:
Projective models in smooth scrolls / 7:
Projective models in singular scrolls / 8:
Blowing up S / 8.1:
The smooth scroll T0 / 8.2:
Techniques for finding Betti-numbers of the ϕL(Dλ) / 8.3:
Resolutions for projective models / 8.4:
Pushing down resolutions / 8.4.1:
Rolling factors coordinates / 8.5:
Some examples / 8.6:
More on projective models in smooth scrolls of K3 surfaces of low Clifford-indices / 9:
Projective models with c = 1 / 9.1:
Projective models with c = 2 / 9.2:
An interpretation of b1 and b2 / 9.2.1:
Possible scroll types for c = 2 / 9.2.2:
Projective models with c = 3 / 9.3:
Higher values of c / 9.4:
BN general and Clifford general K3 surfaces / 10:
The results of Mukai / 10.1:
Notions of generality / 10.2:
The case g = 8 / 10.3:
The case g = 10 / 10.4:
Projective models of K3 surfaces of low genus / 11:
A new decomposition of R / 11.1:
Perfect Clifford divisors for low c / 11.2:
The possible scroll types / 11.3:
Some concrete examples / 11.4:
The list of projective models of low genus / 11.5:
Some applications and open questions / 12:
BN generality / 12.1:
Applications to Calabi-Yau threefolds / 12.2:
Analogies with Enriques surfaces / 12.3:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Background / 1.1:
Related literature / 1.2:
44.

図書

図書
edited by M. Beller and C. Bolm
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2004  2 v. ; 25 cm
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Preface.
General. / 1:
Basic Aspects of Organic Synthesis with Transition Metals (Barry M. Trost). / 1.1:
Concepts for the Use of Transition Metals in Industrial Fine Chemical Synthesis (Wilhelm Keim). / 1.2:
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions. / 2:
Hydroformylation: Applications in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals (Matthias Beller and Kamal Kumar). / 2.1:
New Synthetic Applications of Tandem Reactions under Hydroformylation Conditions (Peter Eilbracht and Axel M. Schmidt). / 2.2:
Multiple Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations under Hydroformylation Conditions (Peter Eilbracht and Axel M. Schmidt). / 2.3:
Hydrocarboxylation and Hydroesterification Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes (Bassam El Ali and Howard Alper). / 2.4:
The Amidocarbonylation of Aldehydes (Axel Jacobi von Wangelin, Helfried Neumann, Dirk Gordes, and Matthias Beller). / 2.5:
Transition Metal-catalyzed Alkene and Alkyne Hydrocyanations (Albert L. Casalnuovo and T.V. Rajan Babu). / 2.6:
Cyclopropanation (Andreas Pfaltz). / 2.7:
Cyclomerization of Alkynes (H. Bonnemann and W. Brijoux). / 2.8:
Coupling of Aryl and Alkyl Halides with Organoboron Reagents (Suzuki Reaction) (Alexander Zapf). / 2.9 Isomerization of Olefin and the Related Reactions (Sei Otsuka and Kazuhide Tani).:
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Arylation of Amines and Alcohols (Alexander Zapf, Matthias Beller, and Thomas H. Riermeier). / 2.11:
Catalytic Enantioselective Alkylation of Alkenes by Chiral Metallocenes (Amir H. Hoveyda). / 2.12:
Palladium-Catalyzed Olefinations of Aryl Halides (Heck Reaction) and Related Transformations (Matthias Beller, Alexander Zapf, and Thomas H. Riermeier). / 2.13:
Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions (Andreas Heumann). / 2.14:
Alkene and Alkyne Metathesis in Organic Synthesis (Oliver R. Thiel). / 2.15:
Homometallic Lanthanoids in Synthesis: Lanthanide Triflate-catalyzed Synthetic Reactions (Sh&umarc; Kobayashi). / 2.16:
Lanthanide Complexes in Asymmetric Two-Center Catalysis (Masakatsu Shibasaki, Hiroaki Sasai, and Naoki Yoshikawa). / 2.17:
Bismuth Reagents and Catalysts in Organic Synthesis (Axel Jacobi von Wangelin). / 2.18:
Transition Metal-Mediated Reactions. / 3:
Fischer-Type Carbene Complexes (Karl Heinz Dotz and Ana Minatti). / 3.1:
Titanium-Carbene Mediated Reactions (Nicos A. Petasis). / 3.2:
The McMurry Reaction and Related Transformations (Alois Furstner). / 3.3:
Chromium(II)-Mediated and -Catalyzed C-C Coupling Reactions (David M. Hodgson and Paul J. Comina). / 3.4:
Manganese(III)-Based Oxidative Free-Radical Cyclizations (Barry B. Snider). / 3.5:
Titanium-Mediated Reactions (Rudolf O. Duthaler, Frank Bienewald, and Andreas Hafner). / 3.6:
Zinc-Mediated Reactions (Axel Jacobi von Wangelin and Mathias U. Frederiksen). / 3.7:
The Conjugate Addition Reaction (A. Alexakis). / 3.8:
Carbometalation Reactions of Zinc Enolate Derivatives (Daniella Banon-Tenne and Ilan Marek). / 3.9:
Iron Acyl Complexes (Karola Ruck-Braun). / 3.10:
Iron-Diene Complexes (Hans-Joachim Knolker). / 3.11:
Chromium-Arene Complexes (Hans-Gunther Schmalz and Florian Dehmel). / 3.12:
Pauson-Khand Reactions (D. Strubing and M. Beller). / 3.13:
Subject Index.
Preface.
General. / 1:
Basic Aspects of Organic Synthesis with Transition Metals (Barry M. Trost). / 1.1:
45.

図書

図書
IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems ; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society
出版情報: Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, c2004  4 v. (lxxxviii, 4063 p.) ; 28 cm
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46.

図書

図書
Daniel J. Duffy
出版情報: Chichester : John Wiley, c2004  xiv, 418 p. ; 26 cm.
シリーズ名: Wiley finance series
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Executive Overview of this Book / 1:
What is this book? / 1.1:
What's special about this book? / 1.2:
Who is this book for? / 1.3:
Software requirements / 1.4:
The structure of this book / 1.5:
Pedagogical approach / 1.6:
What this book is not / 1.7:
Source code on the CD / 1.8:
Template Programming in C++ / Part 1:
A Gentle Introduction to Templates in C++ / 2:
Introduction and objectives / 2.1:
Motivation and background / 2.2:
Defining a template / 2.3:
An example / 2.3.1:
Template instantiation / 2.4:
Function templates / 2.5:
Default values and typedefs / 2.5.1:
Guidelines when implementing templates / 2.7:
Conclusions and summary / 2.8:
An Introduction to the Standard Template Library / 3:
Why use STL? / 3.1:
A Bird's-eye view of STL / 3.2:
Sequence containers / 3.3:
Programming lists / 3.3.1:
Vectors and arrays in STL / 3.3.2:
Associative containers / 3.4:
Sets in STL / 3.4.1:
Maps in STL / 3.4.2:
Iterators in STL / 3.5:
What kinds of iterators? / 3.5.1:
Algorithms / 3.6:
Using STL for financial instruments / 3.7:
STL for Financial Engineering Applications / 3.8:
Clever data structures / 4.1:
A simple output mechanism / 4.2.1:
Set theory and STL / 4.3:
Useful algorithms / 4.4:
STL adaptor containers / 4.5:
The Property Pattern in Financial Engineering / 4.6:
The Property pattern / 5.1:
Requirements for a Property pattern / 5.2.1:
Extending the Property pattern: property sets and property lists / 5.3:
Properties and exotic options / 5.4.1:
Example: Executive options / 5.5.1:
Building Block Classes / 5.6:
Arrays, Vectors and Matrices / 6:
A layered approach / 6.1:
The Array and Matrix classes in detail / 6.4:
Simple print functions / 6.4.1:
Array example / 6.4.2:
Matrix example / 6.4.3:
The Vector and NumericMatrix classes in detail / 6.5:
Vector example / 6.5.1:
NumericMatrix example / 6.5.2:
Associative arrays and matrices / 6.6:
Arrays and Matrix Properties / 6.7:
An overview of the functionality / 7.1:
Accuracy / 7.3:
Efficiency / 7.3.2:
Reliability / 7.3.3:
Understandability / 7.3.4:
The core processes / 7.4:
Interactions between matrices and vectors / 7.4.1:
Some examples / 7.4.2:
Other function categories / 7.5:
Measures of central tendency / 7.5.1:
Measures of dispersion / 7.5.2:
Moments, skewness, kurtosis / 7.5.3:
Inequalities / 7.5.4:
Using the functions / 7.6:
Calculating historical volatility / 7.6.1:
Variance of return of a portfolio / 7.6.2:
An introduction to exception handling / 7.7:
Try, throw and catch: A bit like tennis / 7.7.1:
Numerical Linear Algebra / 7.8:
An introduction to numerical linear algebra / 8.1:
Direct methods / 8.2.1:
Iterative methods / 8.2.2:
Tridiagonal systems / 8.3:
LU decomposition / 8.3.1:
Godunov's Double Sweep method / 8.3.2:
Designing and implementing tridiagonal schemes / 8.3.3:
Block tridiagonal systems / 8.4:
What requirem / 8.5:
Executive Overview of this Book / 1:
What is this book? / 1.1:
What's special about this book? / 1.2:
47.

図書

図書
Paul T Bateman, Harold G Diamond
出版情報: New Jersey : World Scientific, c2004  xv, 360 p. ; 23 cm
シリーズ名: Monographs in number theory ; v. 1
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Preface
Introduction / Chapter 1:
Three problems / 1.1:
Asymmetric distribution of quadratic residues / 1.2:
The prime number theorem / 1.3:
Density of squarefree integers / 1.4:
The Riemann zeta function / 1.5:
Notes / 1.6:
Calculus of Arithmetic Functions / Chapter 2:
Arithmetic functions and convolution / 2.1:
Inverses / 2.2:
Convergence / 2.3:
Exponential mapping / 2.4:
The 1 function as an exponential / 2.4.1:
Powers and roots / 2.4.2:
Multiplicative functions / 2.5:
Summatory Functions / 2.6:
Generalities / 3.1:
Estimate of Q(x) - 6x/[pi superscript 2] / 3.2:
Riemann-Stieltjes integrals / 3.3:
Riemann-Stieltjes integrators / 3.4:
Convolution of integrators / 3.4.1:
Generalization of results on arithmetic functions / 3.4.2:
Stability / 3.5:
Dirichlet's hyperbola method / 3.6:
The Distribution of Prime Numbers / 3.7:
General remarks / 4.1:
The Chebyshev [psi] function / 4.2:
Mertens' estimates / 4.3:
Convergent sums over primes / 4.4:
A lower estimate for Euler's [phi] function / 4.5:
An Elementary Proof of the P.N.T. / 4.6:
Selberg's formula / 5.1:
Features of Selberg's formula / 5.1.1:
Transformation of Selberg's formula / 5.2:
Calculus for R / 5.2.1:
Deduction of the P.N.T. / 5.3:
Propositions "equivalent" to the P.N.T. / 5.4:
Some consequences of the P.N.T. / 5.5:
Dirichlet Series and Mellin Transforms / 5.6:
The use of transforms / 6.1:
Euler products / 6.2:
Abscissa of convergence / 6.3:
Abscissa of absolute convergence / 6.3.2:
Uniform convergence / 6.4:
Analyticity / 6.5:
Analytic continuation / 6.5.1:
Continuation of zeta / 6.5.2:
Example of analyticity on [sigma] = [sigma subscript c] / 6.5.3:
Uniqueness / 6.6:
Identifying an arithmetic function / 6.6.1:
Operational calculus / 6.7:
Landau's oscillation theorem / 6.8:
Inversion Formulas / 6.9:
The use of inversion formulas / 7.1:
The Wiener-Ikehara theorem / 7.2:
Example. Counting product representations / 7.2.1:
An O-estimate / 7.2.2:
A Wiener-Ikehara proof of the P.N.T. / 7.3:
A generalization of the Wiener-Ikehara theorem / 7.4:
The Perron formula / 7.5:
Proof of the Perron formula / 7.6:
Contour deformation in the Perron formula / 7.7:
The Fourier series of the sawtooth function / 7.7.1:
Bounded and uniform convergence / 7.7.2:
A "smoothed" Perron formula / 7.8:
Example. Estimation of [Sigma]T(1[subscript 2] * 1[subscript 3]) / 7.9:
The Riemann Zeta Function / 7.10:
The functional equation / 8.1:
Justification of the interchange of [Sigma] and [function of] / 8.1.1:
Symmetric form of the functional equation / 8.1.2:
O-estimates for zeta / 8.2:
Zeros of zeta / 8.3:
A zerofree region for zeta / 8.4:
An estimate of [zeta]'/[zeta] / 8.5:
Estimation of [psi] / 8.6:
The P.N.T. with a remainder term / 8.7:
Estimation of M / 8.8:
The density of zeros in the critical strip / 8.9:
An explicit formula for [psi subscript 1] / 8.10:
Primes in Arithmetic Progressions / 8.11:
Residue characters / 9.1:
Group structure of the coprime residue classes / 9.2:
Existence of enough characters / 9.3:
L functions / 9.4:
Proof of Dirichlet's theorem / 9.5:
P.N.T. for arithmetic progressions / 9.6:
Applications of Characters / 9.7:
Integers generated by primes in residue classes / 10.1:
Sums of squares / 10.2:
A measure of nonprincipality / 10.3:
Quadratic excess / 10.4:
Evaluation of Gaussian sums / 10.5:
Oscillation Theorems / 10.6:
Approximate periodicity / 11.1:
The use of Landau's oscillation theorem / 11.3:
A quantitative estimate / 11.4:
The use of many singularities / 11.5:
Applications / 11.5.1:
Sign changes of [pi](x) - li x / 11.6:
The size of M(x)/[radical]x / 11.7:
Numerical calculations / 11.7.1:
The error term in the divisor problem / 11.8:
Sieves / 11.9:
The sieve of Eratosthenes and Legendre / 12.1:
Sieve setup / 12.3:
The Brun-Hooley sieve / 12.4:
The large sieve / 12.5:
An extremal majorant / 12.6:
Proof of Theorem 12.9 / 12.7:
Application of Sieves / 12.8:
A Brun-Hooley estimate of twin primes / 13.1:
The Brun-Titchmarsh inequality / 13.2:
Primes represented by polynomials / 13.3:
A uniform two residue sieve estimate / 13.4:
Twin primes and Goldbach's problem / 13.5:
A heuristic formula for twin primes / 13.6:
Results from Analysis and Algebra / 13.7:
Properties of real functions / A.1:
Decomposition / A.1.1:
Integrators / A.1.2:
The Euler gamma function / A.2:
Poisson summation formula / A.3:
Basis theorem for finite abelian groups / A.4:
Bibliography
Index of Names and Topics
Preface
Introduction / Chapter 1:
Three problems / 1.1:
48.

図書

図書
Ludmila V. Yakushevich
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2004  xv, 190 p. ; 25 cm
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DNA Structure / Chapter 1:
Chemical composition and primary structure / 1.1:
Spatial geometry and secondary structure / 1.2:
Forces stabilizing secondary structure / 1.3:
Polymorphism / 1.4:
Tertiary structure / 1.5:
Approximate models of DNA structure / 1.6:
Experimental methods of studying DNA structure / 1.7:
DNA Dynamics / Chapter 2:
General picture of the internal mobility / 2.1:
Twisting and bending motions / 2.2:
Dynamics of bases / 2.3:
Dynamics of sugar-phosphate backbone / 2.4:
Conformational transitions / 2.5:
Motions associated with local strand separation / 2.6:
Approximate models of DNA dynamics / 2.7:
Experimental methods of studying DNA dynamics / 2.8:
DNA Functioning / Chapter 3:
Physical aspects of DNA functioning / 3.1:
Intercalation / 3.2:
DNA-protein recognition / 3.3:
Gene expression / 3.4:
Regulation of gene expression / 3.5:
Replication / 3.6:
Linear Theory of DNA / Chapter 4:
The main mathematical models / 4.1:
Statistics of linear excitations / 4.2:
Scattering problem / 4.3:
Linear theory and experiment / 4.4:
Nonlinear Theory of DNA: Ideal Dynamical Models / Chapter 5:
Nonlinear mathematical modeling: general principles and restrictions / 5.1:
Nonlinear rod-like models / 5.2:
Nonlinear double rod-like models / 5.3:
Nonlinear models of higher levels / 5.4:
Nonlinear Theory of DNA: Non-Ideal Models / Chapter 6:
Effects of environment / 6.1:
Effects of inhomogeneity / 6.2:
DNA Structure / Chapter 1:
Chemical composition and primary structure / 1.1:
Spatial geometry and secondary structure / 1.2:
49.

図書

図書
von Rosa-Maria Dallapiazza, Eduard von Jan, Til Schönherr ; unter Mitarbeit von Jutta Orth-Chambah
出版情報: Iamaning : M. Hueber, c2004-  v. ; 28 cm
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50.

図書

図書
S. Reich, C. Thomsen, J. Maultzsch
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2004  ix, 215 p ; 25 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Introduction / 1:
Structure and Symmetry / 2:
Structure of Carbon Nanotubes / 2.1:
Experiments / 2.2:
Symmetry of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes / 2.3:
Symmetry Operations / 2.3.1:
Symmetry-based Quantum Numbers / 2.3.2:
Irreducible representations / 2.3.3:
Projection Operators / 2.3.4:
Phonon Symmetries in Carbon Nanotubes / 2.3.5:
Summary / 2.4:
Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes / 3:
Graphene / 3.1:
Tight-binding Description of Graphene / 3.1.1:
Zone-folding Approximation / 3.2:
Electronic Density of States / 3.3:
Experimental Verifications of the DOS / 3.3.1:
Beyond Zone Folding--Curvature Effects / 3.4:
Secondary Gaps in Metallic Nanotubes / 3.4.1:
Rehybridization of the [sigma] and [pi] States / 3.4.2:
Nanotube Bundles / 3.5:
Low-energy Properties / 3.5.1:
Visible Energy Range / 3.5.2:
Optical Properties / 3.6:
Absorption and Emission / 4.1:
Selection Rules and Depolarization / 4.1.1:
Spectra of Isolated Tubes / 4.2:
Photoluminescence Excitation--(n[subscript 1], n[subscript 2]) Assignment / 4.3:
4-A-diameter Nanotubes / 4.4:
Bundles of Nanotubes / 4.5:
Excited-state Carrier Dynamics / 4.6:
Electronic Transport / 4.7:
Room-temperature Conductance of Nanotubes / 5.1:
Electron Scattering / 5.2:
Coulomb Blockade / 5.3:
Luttinger Liquid / 5.4:
Elastic Properties / 5.5:
Continuum Model of Isolated Nanotubes / 6.1:
Ab-initio, Tight-binding, and Force-constants Calculations / 6.1.1:
Pressure Dependence of the Phonon Frequencies / 6.2:
Micro-mechanical Manipulations / 6.3:
Raman Scattering / 6.4:
Raman Basics and Selection Rules / 7.1:
Tensor Invariants / 7.2:
Polarized Measurements / 7.2.1:
Raman Measurements at Large Phonon q / 7.3:
Double Resonant Raman Scattering / 7.4:
Vibrational Properties / 7.5:
Radial Breathing Mode / 8.1:
The RBM in Isolated and Bundled Nanotubes / 8.2.1:
Double-walled Nanotubes / 8.2.2:
The Defect-induced D Mode / 8.3:
The D Mode in Graphite / 8.3.1:
The D Mode in Carbon Nanotubes / 8.3.2:
Symmetry of the Raman Modes / 8.4:
High-energy Vibrations / 8.5:
Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy / 8.5.1:
Metallic Nanotubes / 8.5.2:
Single- and Double-resonance Interpretation / 8.5.3:
What we Can Learn from the Raman Spectra of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes / 8.6:
Character and Correlation Tables of Graphene / Appendix A:
Raman Intensities in Unoriented Systems / Appendix B:
Preface
Introduction / 1:
Structure and Symmetry / 2:
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