close
1.

図書
図書
1. Mechanical microsensors (: gw)
M. Elwenspoek, R. Wiegerink
出版情報: Berlin : Springer-Verlag, c2001  x, 295 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Microtechnology and MEMS
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
MEMS / 2：
Miniaturisation and Systems / 2.1：
Examples for MEMS / 2.2：
Bubble Jet / 2.2.1：
Actuators / 2.2.2：
Micropumps / 2.2.3：
Small and Large: Scaling / 2.3：
Electromagnetic Forces / 2.3.1：
Coulomb Friction / 2.3.2：
Mechanical Strength / 2.3.3：
Dynamic Properties / 2.3.4：
Available Fabrication Technology / 2.4：
Technologies Based on Lithography / 2.4.1：
Silicon Micromachining / 2.4.1.1：
LIGA / 2.4.1.2：
Miniaturisation of Conventional Technologies / 2.4.2：
Introduction into Silicon Micromachining / 3：
Photolithography / 3.1：
Thin Film Deposition and Doping / 3.2：
Silicon Dioxide / 3.2.1：
Chemical Vapour Deposition / 3.2.2：
Evaporation / 3.2.3：
Sputterdeposition / 3.2.4：
Doping / 3.2.5：
Wet Chemical Etching / 3.3：
Isotropic Etching / 3.3.1：
Anisotropic Etching / 3.3.2：
Etch Stop / 3.3.3：
Waferbonding / 3.4：
Anodic Bonding / 3.4.1：
Silicon Fusion Bonding / 3.4.2：
Plasma Etching / 3.5：
Plasma / 3.5.1：
Anisotropic Plasma Etching Modes / 3.5.2：
Configurations / 3.5.3：
Black Silicon Method / 3.5.4：
Surface Micromachining / 3.6：
Thin Film Stress / 3.6.1：
Sticking / 3.6.2：
Mechanics of Membranes and Beams / 4：
Dynamics of the Mass Spring System / 4.1：
Strings / 4.2：
Beams / 4.3：
Stress and Strain / 4.3.1：
Bending Energy / 4.3.2：
Radius of Curvature / 4.3.3：
Lagrange Function of a Flexible Beam / 4.3.4：
Differential Equation for Beams / 4.3.5：
Boundary Conditions for Beams / 4.3.6：
Examples / 4.3.7：
Mechanical Stability / 4.3.8：
Transversal Vibration of Beams / 4.3.9：
Diaphragms and Membranes / 4.4：
Circular Diaphragms / 4.4.1：
Square Membranes / 4.4.2：
Buckling of Bridges / Appendix 4.1：
Principles of Measuring Mechanical Quantities: Transduction of Deformation / 5：
Metal Strain Gauges / 5.1：
Semiconductor Strain Gauges / 5.2：
Piezoresistive Effect in Single Crystalline Silicon / 5.2.1：
Piezoresistive Effect in Polysilicon Thin Films / 5.2.2：
Transduction from Deformation to Resistance / 5.2.3：
Capacitive Transducers / 5.3：
Electromechanics / 5.3.1：
Diaphragm Pressure Sensors / 5.3.2：
Force and Pressure Sensors / 6：
Force Sensors / 6.1：
Load Cells / 6.1.1：
Pressure Sensors / 6.2：
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors / 6.2.1：
Capacitive Pressure Sensors / 6.2.2：
Force Compensation Pressure Sensors / 6.2.3：
Resonant Pressure Sensors / 6.2.4：
Miniature Microphones / 6.2.5：
Tactile Imaging Arrays / 6.2.6：
Acceleration and Angular Rate Sensors / 7：
Acceleration Sensors / 7.1：
Bulk Micromachined Accelerometers / 7.1.1：
Surface Micromachined Accelerometers / 7.1.3：
Force Feedback / 7.1.4：
Angular Rate Sensors / 7.2：
Flow sensors / 8：
The Laminar Boundary Layer / 8.1：
The Navier-Stokes Equations / 8.1.1：
Heat Transport / 8.1.2：
Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer / 8.1.3：
Thermal Boundary Layer / 8.1.4：
Skin Friction and Heat Transfer / 8.1.5：
Heat Transport in the Limit of Very Small Reynolds Numbers / 8.2：
Thermal Flow Sensors / 8.3：
Anemometer Type Flow Sensors / 8.3.1：
Two-Wire Anemometers / 8.3.2：
Calorimetric Type Flow Sensors / 8.3.3：
Sound Intensity Sensors - The Microflown / 8.3.4：
Time of Flight Sensors / 8.3.5：
Skin Friction Sensors / 8.4：
"Dry Fluid Flow" Sensors / 8.5：
"Wet Fluid Flow" Sensors / 8.6：
Resonant Sensors / 9：
Basic Principles and Physics / 9.1：
The Differential Equation of a Prismatic Microbridge / 9.1.1：
Solving the Homogeneous, Undamped Problem using Laplace Transforms / 9.1.3：
Solving the Inhomogeneous Problem by Modal Analysis / 9.1.4：
Response to Axial Loads / 9.1.5：
Quality Factor / 9.1.6：
Nonlinear Large-Amplitude Effects / 9.1.7：
Excitation and Detection Mechanisms / 9.2：
Electrostatic Excitation and Capacitive Detection / 9.2.1：
Magnetic Excitation and Detection / 9.2.2：
Piezoelectric Excitation and Detection / 9.2.3：
Electrothermal Excitation and Piezoresistive Detection / 9.2.4：
Optothermal Excitation and Optical Detection / 9.2.5：
Dielectric Excitation and Detection / 9.2.6：
Examples and Applications / 9.3：
Electronic Interfacing / 10：
Piezoresistive Sensors / 10.1：
Wheatstone Bridge Configurations / 10.1.1：
Amplification of the Bridge Output Voltage / 10.1.2：
Noise and Offset / 10.1.3：
Feedback Control Loops / 10.1.4：
Interfacing with Digital Systems / 10.1.5：
Analog-to-Digital Conversion / 10.1.5.1：
Voltage to Frequency Converters / 10.1.5.2：
Capacitive Sensors / 10.2：
Impedance Bridges / 10.2.1：
Capacitance Controlled Oscillators / 10.2.2：
Frequency Dependent Behavior of Resonant Sensors / 10.3：
Realizing an Oscillator / 10.3.2：
One-Port Versus Two-Port Resonators / 10.3.3：
Oscillator Based on One-Port Electrostatically Driven Beam Resonator / 10.3.4：
Oscillator Based on Two-Port Electrodynamically Driven H-shaped Resonator / 10.3.5：
Packaging / 11：
Packaging Techniques / 11.1：
Standard Packages / 11.1.1：
Chip Mounting Methods / 11.1.2：
Wafer Level Packaging
Interconnection Techniques / 11.1.3：
Multichip Modules / 11.1.4：
Encapsulation Processes / 11.1.5：
Stress Reduction / 11.2：
Inertial Sensors / 11.3：
References / 11.5：
Index
Introduction / 1：
MEMS / 2：
Miniaturisation and Systems / 2.1：
2.

図書
図書
2. Mesoscopic electronics in solid state nanostructures
Thomas Heinzel
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2003  337 p. ; 25 cm
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Preliminary remarks / 1.1：
Mesoscopic transport / 1.2：
Ballistic transport / 1.2.1：
The quantum Hall effect and Shubnikov - de Haas oscillations / 1.2.2：
Size quantization / 1.2.3：
Phase coherence / 1.2.4：
Single electron tunnelling and quantum dots / 1.2.5：
Superlattices / 1.2.6：
Samples and experimental techniques / 1.2.7：
An Update of Solid State Physics / 2：
Crystal structures / 2.1：
Electronic energy bands / 2.2：
Occupation of energy bands / 2.3：
The electronic density of states / 2.3.1：
Occupation probability and chemical potential / 2.3.2：
Intrinsic carrier concentration / 2.3.3：
Envelope wave functions / 2.4：
Doping / 2.5：
Diffusive transport and the Boltzmann equation / 2.6：
The Boltzmann equation / 2.6.1：
The conductance predicted by the simplified Boltzmann equation / 2.6.2：
The magneto-resistivity tensor / 2.6.3：
Scattering mechanisms / 2.7：
Screening / 2.8：
Surfaces, Interfaces, and Layered Devices / 3：
Electronic surface states / 3.1：
Surface states in one dimension / 3.1.1：
Surfaces of 3-dimensional crystals / 3.1.2：
Band bending and Fermi level pinning / 3.1.3：
Semiconductor-metal interfaces / 3.2：
Band alignment and Schottky barriers / 3.2.1：
Ohmic contacts / 3.2.2：
Semiconductor heterointerfaces / 3.3：
Field effect transistors and quantum wells / 3.4：
The silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (Si-MOSFET) / 3.4.1：
The Ga[Al]As high electron mobility transistor (GaAs-HEMT) / 3.4.2：
Other types of layered devices / 3.4.3：
Quantum confined carriers in comparison to bulk carriers / 3.4.4：
Experimental Techniques / 4：
Sample fabrication / 4.1：
Single crystal growth / 4.1.1：
Growth of layered structures / 4.1.2：
Lateral patterning / 4.1.3：
Metallization / 4.1.4：
Bonding / 4.1.5：
Elements of cryogenics / 4.2：
Properties of liquid helium / 4.2.1：
Helium cryostats / 4.2.2：
Electronic measurements on nanostructures / 4.3：
Sample holders / 4.3.1：
Application and detection of electronic signals / 4.3.2：
Important Quantities in Mesoscopic Transport / 5：
Magnetotransport Properties of Quantum Films / 6：
Landau quantization / 6.1：
2DEGs in perpendicular magnetic fields / 6.1.1：
The chemical potential in strong magnetic fields / 6.1.2：
The quantum Hall effect / 6.2：
Phenomenology / 6.2.1：
Origin of the integer quantum Hall effect / 6.2.2：
The quantum Hall effect and three dimensions / 6.2.3：
Elementary analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations / 6.3：
Some examples of magnetotransport experiments / 6.4：
Quasi-two-dimensional electron gases / 6.4.1：
Mapping of the probability density / 6.4.2：
Displacement of the quantum Hall plateaux / 6.4.3：
Parallel magnetic fields / 6.5：
Quantum Wires and Quantum Point Contacts / 7：
Diffusive quantum wires / 7.1：
Basic properties / 7.1.1：
Boundary scattering / 7.1.2：
Ballistic quantum wires / 7.2：
Conductance quantization in QPCs / 7.2.1：
Magnetic field effects / 7.2.3：
The "0.7 structure" / 7.2.4：
Four-probe measurements on ballistic quantum wires / 7.2.5：
The Landauer-Buttiker formalism / 7.3：
Edge states / 7.3.1：
Edge channels / 7.3.2：
Further examples of quantum wires / 7.4：
Conductance quantization in conventional metals / 7.4.1：
Carbon nanotubes / 7.4.2：
Quantum point contact circuits / 7.5：
Non-ohmic behavior of collinear QPCs / 7.5.1：
QPCs in parallel / 7.5.2：
Concluding remarks / 7.6：
Electronic Phase Coherence / 8：
The Aharonov-Bohm effect in mesoscopic conductors / 8.1：
Weak localization / 8.2：
Universal conductance fluctuations / 8.3：
Phase coherence in ballistic 2DEGs / 8.4：
Resonant tunnelling and S - matrices / 8.5：
Singe Electron Tunnelling / 9：
The principle of Coulomb blockade / 9.1：
Basic single electron tunnelling circuits / 9.2：
Coulomb blockade at the double barrier / 9.2.1：
Current-voltage characteristics: the Coulomb staircase / 9.2.2：
The SET transistor / 9.2.3：
SET circuits with many islands; the single electron pump / 9.3：
Quantum Dots / 10：
Phenomenology of quantum dots / 10.1：
The constant interaction model / 10.2：
Beyond the constant interaction model / 10.3：
Shape of conductance resonances and current-voltage characteristics / 10.4：
Other types of quantum dots / 10.5：
Mesoscopic Superlattices / 11：
One-dimensional superlattices / 11.1：
Two-dimensional superlattices / 11.2：
SI and cgs Units / A：
Appendices
Correlation and Convolution / B：
Fourier transofrmation / B.1：
Convolutions / B.2：
Correlation functions / B.3：
Capacitance Matrix and Electrostatic Energy / C：
The Transfer Hamiltonian / D：
Solutions to Selected Exercises / E：
References
Index
Introduction / 1：
Preliminary remarks / 1.1：
Mesoscopic transport / 1.2：
3.

図書
図書
3. Computational methods for fluid dynamics. 3rd, rev. ed (: pbk)
Joel H. Ferziger, Milovan Perić
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2002  xiv, 423 p. ; 24 cm
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Basic Concepts of Fluid Flow / 1.：
Introduction / 1.1：
Conservation Principles / 1.2：
Mass Conservation / 1.3：
Momentum Conservation / 1.4：
Conservation of Scalar Quantities / 1.5：
Dimensionless Form of Equations / 1.6：
Simplified Mathematical Models / 1.7：
Incompressible Flow / 1.7.1：
Inviscid (Euler) Flow / 1.7.2：
Potential Flow / 1.7.3：
Creeping (Stokes) Flow / 1.7.4：
Boussinesq Approximation / 1.7.5：
Boundary Layer Approximation / 1.7.6：
Modeling of Complex Flow Phenomena / 1.7.7：
Mathematical Classification of Flows / 1.8：
Hyperbolic Flows / 1.8.1：
Parabolic Flows / 1.8.2：
Elliptic Flows / 1.8.3：
Mixed Flow Types / 1.8.4：
Plan of This Book / 1.9：
Introduction to Numerical Methods / 2.：
Approaches to Fluid Dynamical Problems / 2.1：
What is CFD? / 2.2：
Possibilities and Limitations of Numerical Methods / 2.3：
Components of a Numerical Solution Method / 2.4：
Mathematical Model / 2.4.1：
Discretization Method / 2.4.2：
Coordinate and Basis Vector Systems / 2.4.3：
Numerical Grid / 2.4.4：
Finite Approximations / 2.4.5：
Solution Method / 2.4.6：
Convergence Criteria / 2.4.7：
Properties of Numerical Solution Methods / 2.5：
Consistency / 2.5.1：
Stability / 2.5.2：
Convergence / 2.5.3：
Conservation / 2.5.4：
Boundedness / 2.5.5：
Realizability / 2.5.6：
Accuracy / 2.5.7：
Discretization Approaches / 2.6：
Finite Difference Method / 2.6.1：
Finite Volume Method / 2.6.2：
Finite Element Method / 2.6.3：
Finite Difference Methods / 3.：
Basic Concept / 3.1：
Approximation of the First Derivative / 3.3：
Taylor Series Expansion / 3.3.1：
Polynomial Fitting / 3.3.2：
Compact Schemes / 3.3.3：
Non-Uniform Grids / 3.3.4：
Approximation of the Second Derivative / 3.4：
Approximation of Mixed Derivatives / 3.5：
Approximation of Other Terms / 3.6：
Implementation of Boundary Conditions / 3.7：
The Algebraic Equation System / 3.8：
Discretization Errors / 3.9：
An Introduction to Spectral Methods / 3.10：
Another View of Discretization Error / 3.10.1：
Example / 3.11：
Finite Volume Methods / 4.：
Approximation of Surface Integrals / 4.1：
Approximation of Volume Integrals / 4.3：
Interpolation and Differentiation Practices / 4.4：
Upwind Interpolation (UDS) / 4.4.1：
Linear Interpolation (CDS) / 4.4.2：
Quadratic Upwind Interpolation (QUICK) / 4.4.3：
Higher-Order Schemes / 4.4.4：
Other Schemes / 4.4.5：
Examples / 4.5：
Solution of Linear Equation Systems / 5.：
Direct Methods / 5.1：
Gauss Elimination / 5.2.1：
LU Decomposition / 5.2.2：
Tridiagonal Systems / 5.2.3：
Cyclic Reduction / 5.2.4：
Iterative Methods / 5.3：
Some Basic Methods / 5.3.1：
Incomplete LU Decomposition: Stone's Method / 5.3.4：
ADI and Other Splitting Methods / 5.3.5：
Conjugate Gradient Methods / 5.3.6：
Biconjugate Gradients and CGSTAB / 5.3.7：
Multigrid Methods / 5.3.8：
Other Iterative Solvers / 5.3.9：
Coupled Equations and Their Solution / 5.4：
Simultaneous Solution / 5.4.1：
Sequential Solution / 5.4.2：
Under-Relaxation / 5.4.3：
Non-Linear Equations and their Solution / 5.5：
Newton-like Techniques / 5.5.1：
Other Techniques / 5.5.2：
Deferred-Correction Approaches / 5.6：
Convergence Criteria and Iteration Errors / 5.7：
Methods for Unsteady Problems / 5.8：
Methods for Initial Value Problems in ODEs / 6.1：
Two-Level Methods / 6.2.1：
Predictor-Corrector and Multipoint Methods / 6.2.2：
Runge-Kutta Methods / 6.2.3：
Other Methods / 6.2.4：
Application to the Generic Transport Equation / 6.3：
Explicit Methods / 6.3.1：
Implicit Methods / 6.3.2：
Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations / 6.3.3：
Special Features of the Navier-Stokes Equations / 7.1：
Discretization of Convective and Viscous Terms / 7.1.1：
Discretization of Pressure Terms and Body Forces / 7.1.2：
Conservation Properties / 7.1.3：
Choice of Variable Arrangement on the Grid / 7.2：
Colocated Arrangement / 7.2.1：
Staggered Arrangements / 7.2.2：
Calculation of the Pressure / 7.3：
The Pressure Equation and its Solution / 7.3.1：
A Simple Explicit Time Advance Scheme / 7.3.2：
A Simple Implicit Time Advance Method / 7.3.3：
Implicit Pressure-Correction Methods / 7.3.4：
Fractional Step Methods / 7.4：
Streamfunction-Vorticity Methods / 7.4.2：
Artificial Compressibility Methods / 7.4.3：
Solution Methods for the Navier-Stokes Equations / 7.5：
Implicit Scheme Using Pressure-Correction and a Staggered Grid / 7.5.1：
Treatment of Pressure for Colocated Variables / 7.5.2：
SIMPLE Algorithm for a Colocated Variable Arrangement / 7.5.3：
Note on Pressure and Incompressibility / 7.6：
Boundary Conditions for the Navier-Stokes Equations / 7.7：
Complex Geometries / 7.8：
The Choice of Grid / 8.1：
Stepwise Approximation Using Regular Grids / 8.1.1：
Overlapping Grids / 8.1.2：
Boundary-Fitted Non-Orthogonal Grids / 8.1.3：
Grid Generation / 8.2：
The Choice of Velocity Components / 8.3：
Grid-Oriented Velocity Components / 8.3.1：
Cartesian Velocity Components / 8.3.2：
The Choice of Variable Arrangement / 8.4：
Methods Based on Coordinate Transformation / 8.4.1：
Method Based on Shape Functions / 8.5.2：
Approximation of Convective Fluxes / 8.6：
Approximation of Diffusive Fluxes / 8.6.2：
Approximation of Source Terms / 8.6.3：
Three-Dimensional Grids / 8.6.4：
Block-Structured Grids / 8.6.5：
Unstructured Grids / 8.6.6：
Control-Volume-Based Finite Element Methods / 8.7：
Pressure-Correction Equation / 8.8：
Axi-Symmetric Problems / 8.9：
Inlet / 8.10：
Outlet / 8.10.2：
Impermeable Walls / 8.10.3：
Symmetry Planes / 8.10.4：
Specified Pressure / 8.10.5：
Turbulent Flows / 8.11：
Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) / 9.1：
Example: Spatial Decay of Grid Turbulence / 9.2.1：
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) / 9.3：
Smagorinsky and Related Models / 9.3.1：
Dynamic Models / 9.3.2：
Deconvolution Models / 9.3.3：
Example: Flow Over a Wall-Mounted Cube / 9.3.4：
Example: Stratified Homogeneous Shear Flow / 9.3.5：
RANS Models / 9.4：
Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Equations / 9.4.1：
Simple Turbulence Models and their Application / 9.4.2：
The v2f Model / 9.4.3：
Example: Flow Around an Engine Valve / 9.4.4：
Reynolds Stress Models / 9.5：
Very Large Eddy Simulation / 9.6：
Compressible Flow / 10.：
Pressure-Correction Methods for Arbitrary Mach Number / 10.1：
Pressure-Velocity-Density Coupling / 10.2.1：
Boundary Conditions / 10.2.2：
Methods Designed for Compressible Flow / 10.2.3：
An Overview of Some Specific Methods / 10.3.1：
Efficiency and Accuracy Improvement / 11.：
Error Analysis and Estimation / 11.1：
Description of Errors / 11.1.1：
Estimation of Errors / 11.1.2：
Recommended Practice for CFD Uncertainty Analysis / 11.1.3：
Grid quality and optimization / 11.2：
Multigrid Methods for Flow Calculation / 11.3：
Adaptive Grid Methods and Local Grid Refinement / 11.4：
Parallel Computing in CFD / 11.5：
Iterative Schemes for Linear Equations / 11.5.1：
Domain Decomposition in Space / 11.5.2：
Domain Decomposition in Time / 11.5.3：
Efficiency of Parallel Computing / 11.5.4：
Special Topics / 12.：
Heat and Mass Transfer / 12.1：
Flows With Variable Fluid Properties / 12.3：
Moving Grids / 12.4：
Free-Surface Flows / 12.5：
Interface-Tracking Methods / 12.5.1：
Hybrid Methods / 12.5.2：
Meteorological and Oceanographic Applications / 12.6：
Multiphase flows / 12.7：
Combustion / 12.8：
Appendices / A.：
List of Computer Codes and How to Access Them / A.1：
List of Frequently Used Abbreviations / A.2：
References
Index
Preface
Basic Concepts of Fluid Flow / 1.：
Introduction / 1.1：
4.

図書
図書
4. Crystal structure determination
Werner Massa ; translated into English by Robert O. Gould
出版情報: New York : Springer, 2000  xi, 206 p. ; 24 cm
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Crystal Lattices / 2：
The Lattice / 2.1：
The Unit Cell / 2.1.1：
Atom Parameters / 2.1.2：
The Seven Crystal Systems / 2.1.3：
The Fourteen Bravais Lattices / 2.2：
The Hexagonal, Trigonal and Rhombohedral Systems / 2.2.1：
The Reduced Cell / 2.2.2：
The Geometry of X-Ray Diffraction / 3：
X-Rays / 3.1：
Interference by a One-Dimensional Lattice / 3.2：
The Laue Equations / 3.3：
Lattice Planes and hkl-Indices / 3.4：
The Bragg Equation / 3.5：
Higher Orders of Diffraction / 3.6：
The Quadratic Form of the Bragg Equation / 3.7：
The Reciprocal Lattice / 4：
From the Direct to the Reciprocal Lattice / 4.1：
The Ewald Construction / 4.2：
Structure Factors / 5：
Atom Formfactors / 5.1：
Atom Displacement Factors / 5.2：
Crystal Symmetry / 5.3：
Simple Symmetry Elements / 6.1：
Coupling of Symmetry Elements / 6.1.1：
Combination of Symmetry Elements / 6.1.2：
Symmetry Directions / 6.2：
Symmetry Elements Involving Translation / 6.3：
Combination of Translation with Other Symmetry Elements / 6.3.1：
Coupling of Translation with Other Symmetry Elements / 6.3.2：
The 230 Space Groups / 6.4：
Space-group Notation in International Tables for Crystallography / 6.4.1：
Centrosymmetric Crystal Structures / 6.4.2：
The Asymmetric Unit / 6.4.3：
Space Group Types / 6.4.4：
Group-Subgroup Relationships / 6.4.5：
Visible Effects of Symmetry / 6.5：
Microscopic Structure / 6.5.1：
Macroscopic Properties and Crystal Classes / 6.5.2：
Symmetry of the Lattice / 6.5.3：
Symmetry of the Diffraction Pattern--The Laue Groups / 6.5.4：
Determination of the Space Group / 6.6：
Determination of the Laue Group / 6.6.1：
Systematic Absences / 6.6.2：
Transformations / 6.7：
Experimental Methods / 7：
Growth, Choice and Mounting of a Single Crystal / 7.1：
Measuring the Diffraction Pattern of Single Crystals / 7.2：
Film Methods / 7.2.1：
The Four-circle (serial) Diffractometer / 7.2.2：
Reflection profile and scan type / 7.2.3：
Area Detector Systems / 7.3：
Data Reduction / 7.4：
Lp correction / 7.4.1：
Standard Uncertainty / 7.4.2：
Absorption Correction / 7.4.3：
Other Diffraction Methods / 7.5：
Neutron Scattering / 7.5.1：
Electron Scattering / 7.5.2：
Structure Solution / 8：
Fourier Transforms / 8.1：
Patterson Methods / 8.2：
Symmetry in Patterson Space / 8.2.1：
Structure Solution Using Harker Peaks / 8.2.2：
Patterson shift methods / 8.2.3：
Direct Methods / 8.3：
Harker-Kasper Inequalities / 8.3.1：
Normalized Structure Factors / 8.3.2：
The Sayre Equation / 8.3.3：
The Triplet Relationship / 8.3.4：
Origin Fixation / 8.3.5：
Strategies of Phase Determination / 8.3.6：
Structure Refinement / 9：
The Method of Least Squares / 9.1：
Refinement Based on F[subscript o] or F[superscript 2 subscript o] Data / 9.1.1：
Weights / 9.2：
Crystallographic R-Values / 9.3：
Refinement Techniques / 9.4：
Location and Treatment of Hydrogen Atoms / 9.4.1：
Restricted Refinement / 9.4.2：
Damping / 9.4.3：
Symmetry Restrictions / 9.4.4：
Residual Electron Density / 9.4.5：
Rietveld Refinement / 9.5：
Additional Topics / 10：
Disorder / 10.1：
Site Occupancy Disorder / 10.1.1：
Positional and Orientational Disorder / 10.1.2：
One- and Two-Dimensional Disorder / 10.1.3：
Modulated Structures / 10.1.4：
Quasicrystals / 10.1.5：
Anomalous Dispersion and "Absolute Structure" / 10.2：
Chiral and Polar Space Groups / 10.2.1：
Extinction / 10.3：
The Renninger Effect / 10.4：
The [lambda]/2-Effect / 10.5：
Thermal Diffuse Scattering (TDS) / 10.6：
Errors and Pitfalls / 11：
Wrong Atom-Types / 11.1：
Twinning / 11.2：
Classification by the Twin-Element / 11.2.1：
Classification According to Macroscopic Appearance / 11.2.2：
Classification According to Origin / 11.2.3：
Diffraction Patterns of Twinned Crystals and their Interpretation / 11.2.4：
Twinning or Disorder? / 11.2.5：
False Unit Cells / 11.3：
Space Group Errors / 11.4：
Misplaced Origins / 11.5：
Poor Atom Displacement Parameters / 11.6：
Interpretation and Presentation of Results / 12：
Bond Lengths and Bond Angles / 12.1：
Best Planes and Torsion Angles / 12.2：
Structural Geometry and Symmetry / 12.3：
Structural Diagrams / 12.4：
Electron Density / 12.5：
Crystallographic Databases / 13：
The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) / 13.1：
The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) / 13.2：
The Metals Crystallographic Data File (CRYST-MET) / 13.3：
Other Collections of Crystal Structure Data / 13.4：
Deposition of Structural Data in Data Bases / 13.5：
Crystallography on the Internet / 13.6：
Outline of a Crystal Structure Determination / 14：
Worked Example of a Structure Determination / 15：
Bibliography
Index
Introduction / 1：
Crystal Lattices / 2：
The Lattice / 2.1：
5.

図書
図書
5. Fundamentals of semiconductors : physics and materials properties. 3rd, rev. and enl. ed., 3rd corrected printing
Peter Y. Yu, Manuel Cardona
出版情報: Berlin : Springer Verlag, 2005, c2001  xviii, 639 p. ; 25 cm
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
A Survey of Semiconductors / 1.1：
Elemental Semiconductors / 1.1.1：
Binary Compounds / 1.1.2：
Oxides / 1.1.3：
Layered Semiconductors / 1.1.4：
Organic Semiconductors / 1.1.5：
Magnetic Semiconductors / 1.1.6：
Other Miscellaneous Semiconductors / 1.1.7：
Growth Techniques / 1.2：
Czochralski Method / 1.2.1：
Bridgman Method / 1.2.2：
Chemical Vapor Deposition / 1.2.3：
Molecular Beam Epitaxy / 1.2.4：
Liquid Phase Epitaxy / 1.2.5：
Summary
Electronic Band Structures / 2：
Quantum Mechanics / 2.1：
Translational Symmetry and Brillouin Zones / 2.2：
A Pedestrian's Guide to Group Theory / 2.3：
Definitions and Notations / 2.3.1：
Symmetry Operations of the Diamond and Zinc-Blende Structures / 2.3.2：
Representations and Character Tables / 2.3.3：
Some Applications of Character Tables / 2.3.4：
Empty Lattice or Nearly Free Electron Energy Bands / 2.4：
Nearly Free Electron Band Structure in a Zinc-Blende Crystal / 2.4.1：
Nearly Free Electron Energy Bands in Diamond Crystals / 2.4.2：
Band Structure Calculation by Pseudopotential Methods / 2.5：
Pseudopotential Form Factors in Zinc-Blende- and Diamond-Type Semiconductors / 2.5.1：
Empirical and Self-Consistent Pseudopotential Methods / 2.5.2：
The kċp Method of Band-Structure Calculations / 2.6：
Effective Mass of a Nondegenerate Band Using the kċp Method / 2.6.1：
Band Dispersion near a Degenerate Extremum: Top Valence Bands in Diamondand Zinc-Blende-Type Semiconductors / 2.6.2：
Tight-Binding or LCAO Approach to the Band Structure of Semiconductors / 2.7：
Molecular Orbitals and Overlap Parameters / 2.7.1：
Band Structure of Group-IV Elements by the Tight-Binding Method / 2.7.2：
Overlap Parameters and Nearest-Neighbor Distances / 2.7.3：
Problems
Vibrational Properties of Semiconductors, and Electron-Phonon Interactions / 3：
Phonon Dispersion Curves of Semiconductors / 3.1：
Models for Calculating Phonon Dispersion Curves of Semiconductors / 3.2：
Force Constant Models / 3.2.1：
Shell Model / 3.2.2：
Bond Models / 3.2.3：
Bond Charge Models / 3.2.4：
Electron-Phonon Interactions / 3.3：
Strain Tensor and Deformation Potentials / 3.3.1：
Electron-Acoustic-Phonon Interaction at Degenerate Bands / 3.3.2：
Piezoelectric Electron-Acoustic-Phonon Interaction / 3.3.3：
Electron-Optical-Phonon Deformation Potential Interactions / 3.3.4：
Frohlich Interaction / 3.3.5：
Interaction Between Electrons and Large-Wavevector Phonons: Intervalley Electron-Phonon Interaction / 3.3.6：
Electronic Properties of Defects / 4：
Classification of Defects / 4.1：
Shallow or Hydrogenic Impurities / 4.2：
Effective Mass Approximation / 4.2.1：
Hydrogenic or Shallow Donors / 4.2.2：
Donors Associated with Anisotropic Conduction Bands / 4.2.3：
Acceptor Levels in Diamond-and Zinc-Blende-Type Semiconductors / 4.2.4：
Deep Centers / 4.3：
Green's Function Method for Calculating Defect Energy Levels / 4.3.1：
An Application of the Green's Function Method: Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals / 4.3.2：
Another Application of the Green's Function Method: Nitrogen in GaP and Ga AsP Alloys / 4.3.3：
Final Note on Deep Centers / 4.3.4：
Electrical Transport / 5：
Quasi-Classical Approach / 5.1：
Carrier Mobility for a Nondegenerate Electron Gas / 5.2：
Relaxation Time Approximation / 5.2.1：
Nondegenerate Electron Gas in a Parabolic Band / 5.2.2：
Dependence of Scattering and Relaxation Times on Electron Energy / 5.2.3：
Momentum Relaxation Times / 5.2.4：
Temperature Dependence of Mobilities / 5.2.5：
Modulation Doping / 5.3：
High-Field Transport and Hot Carrier Effects / 5.4：
Velocity Saturation / 5.4.1：
Negative Differential Resistance / 5.4.2：
Gunn Effect / 5.4.3：
Magneto-Transport and the Hall Effect / 5.5：
Magneto-Conductivity Tensor / 5.5.1：
Hall Effect / 5.5.2：
Hall Coefficient for Thin Film Samples (van der Pauw Method) / 5.5.3：
Hall Effect for a Distribution of Electron Energies / 5.5.4：
Optical Properties I / 6：
Macroscopic Electrodynamics / 6.1：
Digression: Units for the Frequency of Electromagnetic Waves / 6.1.1：
Experimental Determination of Optical Constants / 6.1.2：
Kramers-Kronig Relations / 6.1.3：
The Dielectric Function / 6.2：
Experimental Results / 6.2.1：
Microscopic Theory of the Dielectric Function / 6.2.2：
Joint Density of States and Van Hove Singularities / 6.2.3：
Van Hove Singularities in ϵi / 6.2.4：
Direct Absorption Edges / 6.2.5：
Indirect Absorption Edges / 6.2.6：
""""Forbidden"""" Direct Absorption Edges / 6.2.7：
Excitons / 6.3：
Exciton Effect at M0 Critical Points / 6.3.1：
Absorption Spectra of Excitons / 6.3.2：
Exciton Effect at M1 Critical Points or Hyperbolic Excitons / 6.3.3：
Exciton Effect at M3 Critical Points / 6.3.4：
Phonon-Polaritons and Lattice Absorption / 6.4：
Phonon-Polaritons / 6.4.1：
Lattice Absorption and Reflection / 6.4.2：
Multiphonon Lattice Absorption / 6.4.3：
Dynamic Effective Ionic Charges in Heteropolar Semiconductors / 6.4.4：
Absorption Associated with Extrinsic Electrons / 6.5：
Free-Carrier Absorption in Doped Semiconductors / 6.5.1：
Absorption by Carriers Bound to Shallow Donors and Acceptors / 6.5.2：
Modulation Spectroscopy / 6.6：
Frequency Modulated Reflectance and Thermoreflectance / 6.6.3：
Piezoreflectance / 6.6.4：
Electroreflectance (Franz-Keldysh Effect) / 6.6.5：
Photoreflectance / 6.6.6：
Reflectance Difference Spectroscopy / 6.6.7：
Optical Properties II / 7：
Emission Spectroscopies / 7.1：
Band-to-Band Transitions / 7.1.1：
Free-to-Bound Transitions / 7.1.2：
Donor-Acceptor Pair Transitions / 7.1.3：
Excitons and Bound Excitons / 7.1.4：
Luminescence Excitation Spectroscopy / 7.1.5：
Light Scattering Spectroscopies / 7.2：
Macroscopic Theory of Inelastic Light Scattering by Phonons / 7.2.1：
Raman Tensor and Selection Rules / 7.2.2：
Experimental Determination of Raman Spectra / 7.2.3：
Microscopic Theory of Raman Scattering / 7.2.4：
A Detour into the World of Feynman Diagrams / 7.2.5：
Brillouin Scattering / 7.2.6：
Experimental Determination of Brillouin Spectra / 7.2.7：
Resonant Raman and Brillouin Scattering / 7.2.8：
Photoelectron Spectroscopy / 8：
Photoemission / 8.1：
Angle-Integrated Photoelectron Spectra of the Valence Bands / 8.1.1：
Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra of the Valence Bands / 8.1.2：
Core Levels / 8.1.3：
Inverse Photoemission
Surface Effects / 8.2：
Surface States and Surface Reconstruction / 8.3.1：
Surface Energy Bands / 8.3.2：
Fermi Level Pinning and Space Charge Layers / 8.3.3：
Effect of Quantum Confinement on Electrons and Phonons in Semiconductors / 9：
Quantum Confinement and Density of States / 9.1：
Quantum Confinement of Electrons and Holes / 9.2：
Semiconductor Materials for Quantum Wells and Superlattices / 9.2.1：
Classification of Multiple Quantum Wells and Superlattices / 9.2.2：
Confinement of Energy Levels of Electrons and Holes / 9.2.3：
Some Experimental Results / 9.2.4：
Phonons in Superlattices / 9.3：
Phonons in Superlattices: Folded Acoustic and Confined Optic Modes / 9.3.1：
Folded Acoustic Modes: Macroscopic Treatment / 9.3.2：
Confined Optical Modes: Macroscopic Treatment / 9.3.3：
Electrostatic Effects in Polar Crystals: Interface Modes / 9.3.4：
Raman Spectra of Phonons in Semiconductor Superlattices / 9.4：
Raman Scattering by Folded Acoustic Phonons / 9.4.1：
Raman Scattering by Confined Optical Phonons / 9.4.2：
Raman Scattering by Interface Modes / 9.4.3：
Macroscopic Models of Electron-LO Phonon (Fröhlich) Interaction in Multiple Quantum Wells / 9.4.4：
Electrical Transport: Resonant Tunneling / 9.5：
Resonant Tunneling Through a Double-Barrier Quantum Well / 9.5.1：
I-V Characteristics of Resonant Tunneling Devices / 9.5.2：
Quantum Hall Effects in Two-Dimensional Electron Gases / 9.6：
Landau Theory of Diamagnetism in a Three-Dimensional Free Electron Gas / 9.6.1：
Magneto-Conductivity of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas: Filling Factor / 9.6.2：
The Experiment of von Klitzing, Pepper and Dorda / 9.6.3：
Explanation of the Hall Plateaus in the Integral Quantum Hall Effect / 9.6.4：
Concluding Remarks / 9.7：
Appendix: Pioneers of Semiconductor Physics Remember
Ultra-Pure Germanium: From Applied to Basic Research or an Old Semiconductor Offering New Opportunities / Eugene E. Haller
Two Pseudopotential Methods: Empirical and Ab Initio / Marvin L. Cohen
The Early Stages of Band-Structures Physics and Its Struggles for a Place in the Sun / Conyers Herring
Cyclotron Resonance and Structure of Conduction and Valence Band Edges in Silicon and Germanium / Charles Kittel
Optical Properties of Amorphous Semiconductors and Solar Cells / Jan Tauc
Optical Spectroscopy of Shallow Impurity Centers / Elias Burstein
On the Prehistory of Angular Resolved Photoemission / Neville V. Smith
The Discovery and Very Basics of the Quantum Hall Effect / Klaus von Klitzing
The Birth of the Semiconductor Superlattice / Leo Esaki
References
Subject Index
Table of Fundamental Physical Constants (Inside Front Cover)
Table of Units (Inside Back Cover)
Introduction / 1：
A Survey of Semiconductors / 1.1：
Elemental Semiconductors / 1.1.1：
6.

図書

東工大
目次DB
図書
東工大
目次DB
6. Nano-optics
Satoshi Kawata, Motoichi Ohtsu, Masahiro Irie (eds.)
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2002  xv, 321 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Springer series in optical sciences ; v. 84
Physics and astronomy online library
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
1 Quantum Theory for Near-Field Nano-Optics K. Cho, H. Hori, K. Kitahara 1
   1.1 Resonant Near-Field Optics 4
   1.1.1 Outline of Microscopic Nonlocal Response Theory 5
   1.1.2 Resonant SNOM 9
   1.1.3 Coupling of Cavity Modes and Matter Excitation 11
   1.2 Quantization of Evanescent Waves and Optical Near-Rield Interaction of Atoms 13
   1.2.1 State of Vector Fields 14
   1.2.2 Radiative Fields Near a Planar Dielectric Surface 17
   1.2.3 Detector-Mode Functions and Field Quantization 19
   1.2.4 Multipole Radiation near a Dielectric Surface 23
   1.2.5 Spontaneous Radiative Lifetime in an Optical Near-Field 25
   1.3 Quantum Mechanical Aspects of Optical Near-Field Problems 27
   1.3.1 Properties of Near-Field Optical Interactions 27
   1.3.2 Observations and Transport Properties in the Near-Field 29
   1.3.3 Local Mode Descriptions and Compatibility with Macroscopic Descriptions 30
   References 32
2 Electromagnetism Theory and Analysis for Near-Field Nano-Optics S. Kawata, K. Tanaka, N. Takahashi 35
   2.1 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis of a Near-Field Microscope System 36
   2.1.1 Near-Field Microscope as a Multiple Scattering System 36
   2.1.2 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Algorithm for NSOM Imaging 37
   2.1.3 NSOM Image Without Effects of Probe-Sample Interaction 39
   2.1.4 NSOM Image When the Probe-Sample Interaction in Included 41
   2.1.5 Effect of the Probe-Sample Distance on the Generated NSOM Images 44
   2.1.6 Dependence of NSOM Image on the Spatial Frequency Content of Sample Surface 45
   2.2 Reconstruction of an Optical Image from NSOM Data 47
   2.2.1 Necessity for Numerical Inversion of the NSOM System 47
   2.2.2 NSOM Image of Dielectric Strips 47
   2.2.3 Deconvolution of Dielectric Strips with Nonnegativity Constraint 49
   2.2.4 Reconstruction of Metal Strips 50
   2.3 Radiation Force Exerted near a Nano-Aperture 51
   2.3.1 Radiation Force to Trap a Small Particle 51
   2.3.2 Force Distribution Exerted on the Sphere near a Subwavelength Aperture 54
   2.3.3 Force Exerted on Two Spheres in the Near-Field of a Small Aperture 57
   References 58
3 High-Resolution and High-Throughput Probes M. Ohtsu, K. Sawada 61
   3.1 Excitation of a HE-Plasmon Mode 64
   3.1.1 Mode Analysis 64
   3.1.2 Edged Probes for Exciting a HE-Plasmon Mode 64
   3.2 Multiple-Tapered Probes 66
   3.2.1 Double-Tapered Probe 66
   3.2.2 Triple-Tapered Probe 70
   References 73
Apertureless Near-Field Probes S. Kawata, Y. Inouye, T. Kataoka, T. Okamoto 75
   4.1 Local Plasmon in a Metallic Nanoparticle 76
   4.1.1 Local Plasmon Resonance in a Metallic Nanoparticle 76
   4.1.2 Local Plasmon Resonance in a Metallic Nanoparticle above a Substrate 79
   4.1.3 Optical Sensor Using Colloidal Gold Monolayers 82
   4.1.4 Gold Nanoparticle Probe 85
   4.2 Laser-Trapping of a Metallic Particle for a Near-Field Microscope Probe 87
   4.2.1 Mechanism of Laser Trapping 88
   4.2.2 Laser Trapping of a Probe for NSOM 89
   4.2.3 Experimental Setup 90
   4.2.4 Feedback Stabilization of a Particle 90
   4.2.5 Experimental Results 91
   4.3 Near-Field Enhancement at a Metallic Probe 93
   4.3.1 Field Enhancement at the Tip 93
   4.3.2 Near-Field Raman Spectroscopy 96
   4.4 Scattering Near-Field Optical Microscope with a Microcavity 101
   4.4.1 Resonant Microcavity Probe 101
   4.4.2 FDTD Simulation of a Resonant Microcavity Probe 102
   4.4.3 Fabrication of a "Resonant Microcavity Probe" 104
   4.4.4 Observation of a Vacuum-Evaporated Gold Film 106
   References 107
5 Integrated and Functional Probes T. Ono, M. Esashi, H. Yamada, Y. Sugawara, J. Takahara, K. Hane 111
   5.1 Micromachined Probes 111
   5.1.1 Fabrication of a Miniature Aperture 112
   5.1.2 Throughput Measurement 116
   5.1.3 Fabrication of an Aperture Having a Metal Nanowire at the Center 117
   5.1.4 Imaging with a Fabricated Aperture Probe 119
   5.2 Light Detection from Force 120
   5.2.1 Method of Measuring Optical Near-Field Using Force 121
   5.2.2 Imaging Properties 124
   5.3 High Efficiency Light Transmission Through a Nano-Waveguide 126
   5.3.1 Low-Dimensional Optical Wave and Negative Dielectric 126
   5.3.2 One-Dimensional Optical Waveguides 127
   5.3.3 Negative-Dielectric Pin and Hole 128
   5.3.4 Negative-Dielectric Tube 131
   5.3.5 Lossy Waveguides and Applications 132
   References 133
6 High-Density Optical Memory and Ultrafine Photofabrication M. Irie 137
   6.1 Photochromic Memory Media 138
   6.2 Near-Field Optical Memory 141
   6.2.1 Diarylethenes 141
   6.2.2 Perinaphthothioindigo 142
   6.3 Future Prospects for Near-Field Optical Memory 144
   6.4 Nanofabrication: Chemical Vapor Deposition 144
   6.5 Nanofabrication: Organic Film 147
   References 149
7 Near-Field Imaging of Molecules and Thin Films M. Fujihira, S. Itoh, A. Takahara, O. Karthaus, S. Okazaki, K. Kajikawa 151
   7.1 Near-Field Imaging of Molecules and Thin Films 151
   7.1.1 Preparation of Organic Thin Films 151
   7.1.2 Control of Tip-Sample Separation 151
   7.1.3 Various Modes of Observations 152
   7.1.4 Optical Recording on Organic Thin Films 152
   7.2 Two-Dimensional Morphology of Ultrathin Polymer Films 152
   7.2.1 Materials, Preparation of Films, and Apparatus 153
   7.2.2 Observation of Two-Dimensional Morphology 156
   7.2.3 Conclusion 161
   7.3 Observation of Polyethylene (PE) Crystals 161
   7.3.1 AFM and NSOM Observation of PE Single Crystals 161
   7.3.2 AFM and NSOM Observation of Melt-Crystallized PE Thin Films 163
   7.3.3 Conclusions 167
   7.4 Preparation of Micrometer-Sized Chromophore Aggregates 168
   7.4.1 Control of Aggregation 168
   7.4.2 Mesoscopic Patterns 169
   7.4.3 Mechanism of Pattern Formation 169
   7.4.4 Chromophore-Containing Mesoscopic Patterns 170
   7.4.5 Azobenzene-Containing Polyion Complex 171
   7.4.6 Mesoscopic Line Pattern of Poly (hexylthiophene) 173
   7.5 Application to Electrochemical Research 174
   7.5.1 Fabrication of an Aluminum Nanoelectrode SNOM Probe to Stimulate Electroluminescent (EL) Polymers 174
   7.5.2 Integration of STM with SNOM Microscopy by Fabricating Original Chemically Etched Conducting Hybrid Probes 176
   7.5.3 Development of a New Type of AFM/SNOM Integrated System 178
   7.5.4 Biological Applications 180
   7.6 Second-Harmonic Generation in Near-Field Optics 184
   7.6.1 Materials and Apparatus 186
   7.6.2 SHG Observation 186
   7.6.3 Conclusion 187
   References 187
8 Near-Field Microscopy for Biomolecular Systems T. Yanagida, E. Tamiya, H. Muramatsu, P. Degenaar, Y. Ishii, Y. Sako, K. Saito, S. Ohta-Iino, S. Ogawa, G. Marriott, A. Kusumi, H. Tatsumi 191
   8.1 Near-Field Imaging of Human Chromosomes and Single DNA Molecules 192
   8.1.1 SNOAM System 193
   8.1.2 SNOAM Imaging of Human Chromosomes [19] 194
   8.1.3 SNOAM Imaging of a Single DNA Molecule [20｝ 198
   8.2 Imaging of Biological Molecules 199
   8.2.1 Myosin-Actin Motors 199
   8.2.2 Membrane Receptors 209
   8.2.3 ATP Synthase 215
   8.3 Cell and Cellular Functions 220
   8.3.1 Near-Field Fluorescent Microscopy of Living Cells 220
   8.3.2 Dynamics of Cell Membranes 222
   8.3.3 Near-Field Imaging of Neuronal Cell and Transmitter 229
   References 233
9 Near-Field Imaging of Quantum Devices and Photonic Structures M. Gonokami, H. Akiyama, M. Fukui 237
   9.1 Spectroscopy of Quantum Devices and Structures 237
   9.1.1 Near-Field Microscopy with a Solid-Immersion Lens 238
   9.1.2 Solid-Immersion Microscopy of GaAs Nanostructures 242
   9.1.3 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Single Quantum Dots Using NSOM 247
   9.2 Observation of Polysilane by Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope in the Ultraviolet (UV) Region 251
   9.2.1 Morphologies and Quantum Size Effects of Single InAs Quantum Dots Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy 255
   9.2.2 Photonic Structures Consisting of Dielectric Spheres 257
   9.2.3 Interaction of a Near-Field Light with Two-Dimensionally Ordered Spheres 265
   9.2.4 Photonic-Band Effect on Near-Field Optical Images of 2-D Sphere Arrays 270
   9.3 Near-Field Photon Tunneling 275
   9.3.1 What is Photon Tunneling? 275
   9.3.2 Resonant Photon Tunneling Through a Photonic Double-Barrier Structure 277
   9.3.3 Resonant Photon Tunneling Mediated by a Photonic Dot 280
   9.3.4 Concluding Remarks 281
   References 281
10 Other Imaging and Applications N. Umeda, A. Yamamoto, R. Nishitani, J. Bae, T. Tanaka, S. Yamamoto 287
   10.1 Birefringent Imaging with an Illumination-Mode Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope 287
   10.1.1 Principle 288
   10.1.2 Apparatus 289
   10.1.3 System Performance 291
   10.1.4 Observation of Sample 292
   10.1.5 Conclusion 294
   10.2 Plain-Type Low-Temperature NSOM System 294
   10.2.1 Experimental Setup 295
   10.2.2 Results and Discussion 296
   10.2.3 Conclusion 298
   10.3 STM-Induced Luminescence 298
   10.3.1 Theoretical Model 298
   10.3.2 Experimental Method 299
   10.3.3 Results 300
   10.3.4 Conclusion 304
   10.4 Energy Modulation of Electrons with Evanescent Waves 304
   10.4.1 Sensing an Optical Near-Field with Electrons 304
   10.4.2 Metal Microslit 304
   10.4.3 Experiment 306
   10.4.4 Conclusion 308
   10.5 Manipulation of Particles by Photon Force 308
   10.5.1 Method 308
   10.5.2 Experiments 309
   10.5.3 Conclusion 314
   References 315
Index 317
1 Quantum Theory for Near-Field Nano-Optics K. Cho, H. Hori, K. Kitahara 1
   1.1 Resonant Near-Field Optics 4
   1.1.1 Outline of Microscopic Nonlocal Response Theory 5
7.

図書
図書
7. Finite element and boundary element applications in quantum mechanics (: pbk ; : hd)
L. Ramdas Ram-Mohan
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2002  xviii, 605 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Oxford texts in applied and engineering mathematics ; 5
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction to the FEM / Part I：
Introduction / 1：
Basic concepts of quantum mechanics / 1.1：
Schrodinger's equation / 1.1.1：
Postulates of quantum mechanics / 1.1.2：
Principle of stationary action / 1.2：
The action integral / 1.2.1：
Examples / 1.2.2：
Finite elements / 1.3：
Historical comments / 1.4：
Problems / 1.5：
References
Simple quantum systems / 2：
The simple harmonic oscillator / 2.1：
The hydrogen atom / 2.2：
The Rayleigh-Ritz variational method / 2.3：
Programming considerations / 2.4：
Interpolation polynomials in one dimension / 2.5：
Lagrange interpolation polynomials / 3.1：
Hermite interpolation polynomials / 3.3：
Transition elements / 3.4：
Low order interpolation polynomials / 3.5：
Low order Lagrange interpolation / 3.5.1：
Low order Hermite interpolation / 3.5.2：
Interpolation polynomials in Mathematica / 3.6：
Lagrange interpolation / 3.6.1：
Hermite interpolation / 3.6.2：
Infinite elements / 3.7：
Simple quantum systems revisited / 3.8：
Adaptive FEM / 3.9：
Error in interpolation / 4.1：
Error in the discretized action / 4.3：
h-convergence / 4.3.1：
p-convergence / 4.3.2：
The action in adaptive calculations / 4.4：
An ordinary differential equation / 4.4.1：
The H atom again / 4.4.2：
Adaptive p-refinement / 4.4.3：
Concluding remarks / 4.5：
Applications in 1D / Part II：
Quantum mechanical tunneling / 5：
Mixed BCs: redefining the action / 5.1：
The Galerkin method / 5.3：
Tunneling calculations in the FEM / 5.4：
Evaluation of the residual / 5.4.1：
Applying mixed BCs / 5.4.2：
Comparing Galerkin FEM with WKB / 5.5：
Quantum states in asymmetric wells / 5.6：
Schrodinger-Poisson self-consistency / 5.7：
Schrodinger and Poisson equations / 6.1：
Source terms / 6.3：
The Fermi energy and charge neutrality / 6.4：
The Galerkin finite element approach / 6.5：
Boundary conditions / 6.5.1：
The iteration procedure / 6.5.2：
Numerical issues / 6.5.3：
Essential and natural boundary conditions / 6.5.4：
Further developments / 6.6：
Landau states in a magnetic field / 6.7：
Landau levels / 7.1：
Density of states / 7.1.2：
Heterostructures in a B-field / 7.2：
Faraday configuration / 7.2.1：
Voigt configuration / 7.2.2：
Comparison with experiments / 7.3：
Interband transitions / 7.3.1：
Energy dependence on the orbit center / 7.3.2：
Level mixing in superlattices with small band offsets / 7.3.3：
Density of states in the Voigt geometry / 7.3.4：
Voigt geometry and a semiclassical model / 7.4：
Landau orbit theory / 7.4.1：
Envelope functions and the FEM in k-space / 7.4.2：
Wavefunction engineering / 7.5：
k P theory of band structure / 8.1：
Designing mid-infrared lasers / 8.3：
The type-II W-laser / 8.3.1：
The interband cascade laser / 8.3.2：
Concluding comments / 8.4：
2D Applications of the FEM / Part III：
2D elements and shape functions / 9：
Rectangular elements / 9.1：
Lagrange elements / 9.2.1：
Hermite elements / 9.2.2：
Triangular elements / 9.3：
Defining curved edges / 9.4：
An element on a parametric curve / 9.4.1：
Parametric form of 2D surfaces / 9.4.2：
The action in 2D problems / 9.5：
Gauss integration in two dimensions / 9.6：
Mesh generation / 10：
Meshing simple regions / 10.1：
Distortion of regular regions / 10.1.1：
Using orthogonal curved coordinates / 10.1.2：
Regions of arbitrary shape / 10.2：
Delaunay meshing / 10.2.1：
Advancing front algorithms / 10.2.2：
The algebraic integer method / 10.2.3：
Applications in atomic physics / 11：
The H atom in a magnetic field / 11.1：
Schrodinger's equation and the action / 11.1.1：
Applying the FEM / 11.1.2：
Magnetic fields / 11.1.3：
Ground state energy in helium / 11.2：
Other results / 11.3：
Quantum wires / 12：
Quantum wires and the FEM / 12.1：
Symmetry properties of the square wire / 12.3：
The checkerboard superlattice / 12.4：
Optical nonlinearity in the CBSL / 12.5：
Quantum wires of any cross-section / 12.6：
Quantum waveguides / 13：
Quantization of resistance / 13.1：
The straight waveguide / 13.2：
Quantum bound states in waveguides / 13.3：
The quantum interference transistor / 13.4：
"Stealth" elements and absorbing BC / 13.5：
The Ginzburg-Landau equation / 13.6：
Time-dependent problems / 14：
Standard approaches to time evolution / 14.1：
Schrodinger's equation and the method of finite differences / 14.2.1：
The finite difference method for the wave equation / 14.2.2：
A transfer matrix for time evolution / 14.3：
Lanczos reduction of transfer matrices / 14.4：
Instability with initial conditions / 14.5：
Comparing IVBC and two-point BCs / 14.5.1：
The variational approach / 14.6：
A variational difficulty / 14.6.1：
Variations using adjoint functions / 14.6.2：
Adjoint variations for the wave equation / 14.6.3：
Connection with quantum field theory / 14.6.4：
Sparse Matrix Applications / 14.7：
Matrix solvers and related issues / 15：
Bandwidth reduction / 15.1：
Solution of linear equations / 15.3：
Gauss elimination / 15.3.1：
The conjugate gradient method / 15.3.2：
The standard eigenvalue problem / 15.4：
The generalized eigenvalue problem / 15.5：
Sturm sequence check / 15.5.1：
Inverse vector iteration / 15.5.2：
The subspace vectors / 15.5.3：
The Rayleigh quotient / 15.5.4：
Subspace iteration / 15.5.5：
The Davidson algorithm / 15.5.6：
Least square residual minimization / 15.5.7：
The Lanczos method / 15.5.8：
Boundary Elements / Part V：
The boundary element method / 16：
The boundary integral / 16.1：
An analytical approach / 16.3：
A Dirichlet problem / 16.3.1：
A Neumann problem / 16.3.2：
Infinite domain Green's function / 16.4：
Evaluation of the element integrals / 16.5：
Applying boundary conditions / 16.5.2：
Boundary condition at the corner node / 16.5.3：
Setting up the matrix equation / 16.5.4：
Construction of interior solution / 16.5.5：
A worked example / 16.6：
Two sum rules / 16.7：
Comparing the BEM with the FEM / 16.8：
The BEM and surface plasmons / 16.9：
Multiregion BEM: two regions / 17.1：
Linear interpolation / 17.2.1：
Bulk and surface plasmons / 17.2.2：
Bulk plasma oscillations / 17.3.1：
Surface plasmons at a single planar interface / 17.3.2：
Surface plasmons for slab geometry / 17.3.3：
Surface plasmons in a cylindrical wire / 17.3.4：
Two metallic wires / 17.3.5：
Metal wire on a substrate / 17.3.6：
Plasmons in other confining geometries / 17.3.7：
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering / 17.4：
The BEM and quantum applications / 17.5：
2D electron waveguides / 18.1：
Implementing boundary conditions / 18.2.1：
Multiregion waveguide problems / 18.2.2：
Multiple ports and transmission / 18.2.3：
The BEM and 2D scattering / 18.3：
Eigenvalue problems and the BEM / 18.4：
Hearing the shape of a drum / 18.4.1：
Concluding remarks on the BEM / 18.5：
Appendices / 18.6：
Gauss quadrature / A：
Gauss-Legendre quadrature / A.1：
Gauss-Legendre base points and weights / A.3：
An algorithm for adaptive quadrature / A.4：
Other Gauss formulas / A.5：
The Cauchy principal value of an integral / A.6：
Properties of Legendre functions / A.7：
Generalized functions / A.8：
The Dirac [delta]-function / B.1：
The [delta]-function as the limit of a "normal" function / B.2：
[delta]-functions in three dimensions / B.3：
Other generalized functions / B.4：
The step-function [theta](x) / B.4.1：
The sign-function [varepsilon](x) / B.4.2：
The Plemelj formula / B.4.3：
An integral representation for [theta](z) / B.4.4：
Green's functions / B.5：
Properties of Green's functions / C.1：
Sturm-Liouville differential operators / C.3：
Green's functions in electrostatics / C.4：
Boundary integral solutions: a comment / C.5：
Green's functions in electrodynamics / C.6：
The wave equation in one dimension / C.7：
The wave equation in two dimensions / C.8：
Green's functions and integral equations / C.9：
Physical constants / C.10：
Author index
Subject index
Introduction to the FEM / Part I：
Introduction / 1：
Basic concepts of quantum mechanics / 1.1：
8.

図書
図書
8. Modular design for machine tools
Yoshimi Ito
出版情報: New York : McGraw-Hill, c2008  xxiii, 504 p. ; 24 cm
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Terminology and Abbreviations
Nomenclature
Conversion Table
Engineering Guides of Modular Design and Description Methodology of Machine Tools / Part 1：
Basic Knowledge: What Is the Modular Design? / Chapter 1：
Definition and Overall View of Modular Design / 1.1：
Advantageous and Disadvantageous Aspects of Modular Design / 1.2：
A Firsthand View of Developing History and Representative Applications / 1.3：
Application to TL and FTL / 1.3.1：
Application to conventional machine tools / 1.3.2：
Application to NC machine tools / 1.3.3：
Different-kind generating modular design / 1.3.4：
References
Engineering Guides and Future Perspectives of Modular Design / Chapter 2：
Four Principles and Further Related Subjects / 2.1：
Effective Tools and Methodology for Modular Design / 2.2：
Classification of Modular Design Including Future Perspectives / 2.3：
Modular design being widely employed / 2.3.1：
Modular design in the very near future-a symptom of upheaval of new concepts / 2.3.2：
Characteristic Features of Modular Design Being Used in Machine Tools of the Most Advanced Type / 2.4：
System machines / 2.4.1：
Machining complex and processing complex / 2.4.2：
Description of Machine Tools / Chapter 3：
Basic Knowledge about Functional and Structural Description Methods / 3.1：
Details of Functional Description / 3.2：
Details of Structural Description / 3.3：
Application of Machine Tool Description to Engineering Design / Chapter 4：
Application of Functional Description / 4.1：
Classification of machining centers and its application to marketability analysis / 4.1.1：
Analysis of machining function and its application to evaluate compatibility with production systems / 4.1.2：
Automated generation of concept drawing / 4.1.3：
Estimation of assembly accuracy in design stage / 4.1.4：
Application of Structural Description / 4.2：
Similarity evaluation of structural configuration-availability constraints of modular design / 4.2.1：
Variant design for structural configuration / 4.2.2：
Free design for structural configuration / 4.2.3：
Engineering Design for Machine Tool Joints-Interfacial Structural Configuration in Modular Design / Part 2：
Basic Knowledge of Machine Tool Joints / Chapter 5：
Classification of Machine Tool Joints / 5.1：
Definition of Machine Tool Joint and Representation of Joint Characteristics / 5.2：
External Applied Loads to Be Considered and Fundamental Factors Governing Joint Characteristics / 5.3：
Effects of Joint on Static and Dynamic Stiffness, and Thermal Behavior of Machine Tool as a Whole / 5.4：
Firsthand View of Research History / 5.5：
Fundamentals of Engineering Design and Characteristics of the Single Flat Joint / Chapter 6：
Quick Notes for Single Flat Joint, Determination of Mathematical Model, and Fundamental Knowledge about Engineering Design Formulas / 6.1：
Design Formulas for Normal Joint Stiffness and Related Research / 6.2：
Expressions for static normal joint stiffness / 6.2.1：
Representative researches into behavior of the single flat joint under normal loading / 6.2.2：
Design Formulas for Tangential Joint Stiffness, Related Researches, and Peculiar Behavior of Microslip / 6.3：
Expressions for static tangential joint stiffness / 6.3.1：
Representative researches into behavior of the static tangential joint stiffness and the microslip / 6.3.2：
Peculiar behavior of microslip / 6.3.3：
Design Formulas for Damping Capacity and Related Researches / 6.4：
Expressions for damping capacity / 6.4.1：
Representative research into dynamic behavior / 6.4.2：
Thermal Behavior of Single Flat Joint / 6.5：
Forerunning Research into Single Flat Joint with Local Deformation / 6.6：
Supplement: Theoretical Proof of Ostrovskii's Expression
Design Guides, Practices, and Firsthand View of Engineering Developments-Stationary Joints / Chapter 7：
Bolted Joint / 7.1：
Design guides and knowledge-pressure cone and reinforcement remedies from structural configuration / 7.1.1：
Engineering design for practices-suitable configuration of bolt pocket and arrangement of connecting bolts / 7.1.2：
Engineering calculation for damping capacity / 7.1.3：
Representative researches and their noteworthy achievements-static behavior / 7.1.4：
Representative researches and their noteworthy achievements-dynamic behavior / 7.1.5：
Representative researches and their noteworthy achievements-thermal behavior / 7.1.6：
Foundation / 7.2：
Engineering calculation for foundation / 7.2.1：
Stiffness of leveling block / 7.2.2：
Firsthand View for Researches in Engineering Design in Consideration of Joints / Supplement 1：
Influences of Joints on Positioning and Assembly Accuracy / Supplement 2：
Supplement References
Design Guides, Practices, and Firsthand View of Engineering Developments-Sliding Joints / Chapter 8：
Slideways / 8.1：
Design knowledge-slideway materials / 8.1.1：
Design knowledge-keep plate and gib configurations / 8.1.2：
Linear Rolling Guideways (Linear Guide and Rolling Guideways) / 8.2：
Main Spindle-Bearing Systems / 8.3：
Static stiffness of rolling bearing / 8.3.1：
Dynamic stiffness and damping capacity of rolling bearing / 8.3.2：
Sliding Joints of Special Types / 8.4：
Screw-and-nut feed driving systems / 8.4.1：
Boring spindle of traveling type / 8.4.2：
Supplement: Deflection and Interface Pressure Distribution of Slideway
Supplement Reference
Rudimentary Engineering Knowledge about Other Joints / Chapter 9：
Joints for Light-Weighted Structures / 9.1：
Welded joint / 9.1.1：
Bonded joint / 9.1.2：
Taper Connection / 9.2：
Chucking / 9.3：
Measurement of Interface Pressure by Means of Ultrasonic Waves / Appendix 1：
Principle of Measurement and Its Verification / A1.1：
Some Applications and Perspectives in the Very Near Future / A1.2：
Model Testing and Theory / Appendix 2：
Model Testing and Theory for Structural Body Component / A2.1：
Model Testing in Consideration of Joints / A2.2：
Index
Preface
Terminology and Abbreviations
Nomenclature
9.

図書

東工大
目次DB
図書
東工大
目次DB
9. Photocatalysis : science and technology (: Springer ; : Kodansha)
Masao Kaneko, Ichiro Okura (eds.)
出版情報: Tokyo : Kodansha , Berlin ; London : Springer, c2002  xvi, 356 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Biological and medical physics series
Physics and astronomy online library
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
List of Contributors
Preface
   1 Introduction 1
   1.1 Background 1
   1.2 Aim and Outline of This Volume 2
   1.3 Summary 4
   1.4 Future Perspectives 4
   References 5
Ⅰ Fundamental Aspects of Photocatalysts
   2 Photoelectrochemical Processes of Semiconductors 9
   2.1 Semiconductor Electrodes for Solar Energy Conversion 11
   2.2 Reduction of CO2 at Illuminated Semiconductor Electrodes 15
   2.3 Photocatalysis 18
   2.3.1 General Remarks 18
   2.3.2 Mechanistic Studies 19
   2.3.3 Low Intensity Illumination 22
   2.3.4 Applications 24
   References 26
   3 Design, Preparation and Characterization of Highly Active Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 29
   3.1 Introduction 29
   3.2 Photocatalytic Activity 29
   3.2.1 Effect of Surface Area on Photocatalytic Activity 30
   3.2.2 Effect of Electron-hole Recombination on Photocatalytic Activity 32
   3.2.3 Design of Photocatalysts of High Activity 33
   3.3 Preparation of Titanium (IV) Oxide Powders 33
   3.3.1 Sulfate Method 33
   3.3.2 Chloride Method (Vapor Method) 34
   3.3.3 Alkoxide Method 34
   3.3.4 Specific Methods 34
   3.3.5 Activation of TiO2 Photocatalysts 36
   3.4 Preparation of Other Photocatalysts 38
   3.5 Characterization of TiO2 Photocatalysts of Both High Crystallinity and Large Surface Area 38
   3.5.1 Photocatalytic Activity of HyCOM TiO2 in Aqueous Suspension Systems 38
   3.5.2 Correlation Between Physical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of HyCOM TiO2 39
   3.5.3 Novel Hypothesis for Activity of Photocatalyst 43
   3.6 Preparation and Characterization of Photocatalytic Thin Films 44
   3.6.1 Preparation of Photocatalytic TiO2 Thin Films 44
   3.6.2 Characterization of Photocatalytic Thin Films Prepared from HyCOM TiO2 Powders 45
   3.7 Summary 47
   References 47
   4 Photoelectrochemistry at Semiconductor/Liquid Interfaces 51
   4.1 Introduction 51
   4.2 Basic Properties of Semiconductor/Liquid Interface 52
   4.2.1 Band Bending 52
   4.2.2 Barrier Height and Flat Band Potential 54
   4.2.3 Electron Transfer and Corrosion Reactions 57
   4.3 Photoelectrochemistry at Atomically Well-defined Surfaces 59
   4.3.1 Atomically Flat H-terminated Si Surfaces 59
   4.3.2 Selective Exposition of (100) Face on n-TiO2 (Rutile) by Photoetching 62
   4.4 Photoelectrochemistry at Metal Dot-coated Semiconductors 64
   4.4.1 Ideal Semiconductor Electrodes 64
   4.4.2 Metal-loaded TiO2 Electrodes 66
   References 67
   5 Photoelectrochemical Reactions at Semiconductor Microparticle 69
   5.1 Introduction 69
   5.2 Energy Structure of Semiconductor Microparticle 69
   5.2.1 Depletion Layer 69
   5.2.2 Electric Heterogeneity of Surface 71
   5.2.3 Size Quantization Effect 72
   5.3 Kinetics at Semiconductor Microparticle 72
   5.3.1 Recombination Model 73
   5.3.2 2D Ladder Model 74
   5.3.3 Effect of Size 76
   5.4 Observation of Primary Reaction Intermediates 77
   5.4.1 ESR Analysis for Irradiated TiO2 Particles 78
   5.4.2 Direct Observation of Intermediate Radicals 81
   5.4.3 Chemiluminescent Probe for Active Oxygens 83
   References 85
   6 New Approaches in Solution-phase Processing of Semiconductor Thin Films 87
   6.1 Introduction 87
   6.2 Previous Methods for Solution-phase Deposition of Semiconductor Thin Films 89
   6.2.1 Chemical Bath Deposition of Metal Sulfide Thin Films 89
   6.2.2 Electrodeposition of Metal Sulfide Thin Films 90
   6.2.3 Chemical and Electrochemical Deposition of Metal Oxide Thin Films 92
   6.3 Electrochemically Induced Chemical Deposition (EICD) of Cds Thin Films 93
   6.3.1 Idea 93
   6.3.2 Morphological and Structural Analysis 94
   6.3.3 Growth Kinetics and Mechanism of EICD Process 95
   6.3.4 Modification of EICD Process 97
   6.4 True Electrodeposition of Metal Sulfide Thin Films by Reduction of Thiocyanato Complexes 97
   6.4.1 Idea 97
   6.4.2 Thermodynamic Consideration 98
   6.4.3 Electrochemical Layer-by-layer Growth of CdS Thin Films 98
   6.4.4 Electrodeposition of Other Metal Sulfides 100
   6.5 Electrochemical Self-assembly of ZnO/Dye Hybrid Thin Films 100
   6.5.1 Idea 100
   6.5.2 Electrochemical Self-assembly of ZnO/Dye Hybrid Structure 102
   6.5.3 Mechanism of Electrochemical Self-assembly 104
   6.6 Summary 104
   References 105
Ⅱ Application to Environmental Cleaning
   7 Self-cleaning Properties of TiO2-coated Substrates 109
   7.1 Introduction 109
   7.2 Photocatalytic Decomposition 110
   7.2.1 Air Purifying Effect 110
   7.2.2 Sterilization Effect 111
   7.2.3 Anti-fouling Effect 113
   7.2.4 Photo-induced High Amphiphilicity 114
   7.3 Conclusions 120
   References 121
   8 Cleaning Atmospheric Environment 123
   8.1 Introduction 123
   8.2 Photocatalytic Activities of TiO2 124
   8.2.1 Oxidation of Air Pollutants by Photogenerated Active Oxygen Species 124
   8.2.2 Photocatalytic Reactions of Volatile Hydrocarbons 125
   8.2.3 Photocatalytic Reactions of Halogenated Hydrocarbons 136
   8.2.4 Nitrogen Oxides (Nox) 143
   8.3 Development of Air Purifying Materials Based on Photocatalyst 147
   8.3.1 Immobilization of Powder Photocatalysts 147
   8.3.2 Preparation of Air-purifying Materials 148
   8.3.3 Performance Characteristics of Air-purifying Materials 149
   8.4 Application of Photocatalysis to Cleaning of Atmospheric Environment 151
   8.4.1 Passive Purification of Polluted Air 151
   8.4.2 Active Air Purification of Closed Space 153
   8.5 Summary 154
   References 155
   9 Water Purification - Degradation of Aqueous Pollutant and Application to Water Treatment 157
   9.1 Introduction 157
   9.2 Photocatalytic Characteristics of Titanium Dioxide 157
   9.3 Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutant 160
   9.3.1 Volatile Organohalide Compound 160
   9.3.2 Pesticides 162
   9.3.3 Other Organic Compounds 164
   9.3.4 Environmental Hormones (Endocrine Disruptors) 165
   9.4 Enhancement of Degradation Rate 166
   9.4.1 Pt-loading 166
   9.4.2 Addition of H2O2 167
   9.4.3 Ozone 169
   9.4.4 Increase in Adsorption 169
   9.5 Solar System for Water Treatment 171
   9.6 Immobilization of TiO2 and Instrumentation 171
   9.7 Conclusion and Outlook 172
   References 172
   10 Second-generation TiO2 Photocatalysts Able to Initiate Reactions Under Visible Light Irradiation 175
   10.1 Introduction 175
   10.2 Experimental Section 175
   10.3 Results and Discussion 176
   10.4 Conclusion 182
   References 182
Ⅲ Application to Photoenergy Conversion
   11 Photocatalytic Organic Syntheses Using Semiconductor Particles 185
   11.1 Introduction 185
   11.2 Principle of Photocatalysis by Semiconductor Particles 186
   11.3 Photocatalytic Reactions by Semiconductor Suspension 187
   11.4 Redox Combined Photocatalytic Processes for Nitrogen-containing Substrates 189
   11.5 Further Development to Stereoselective Organic Synthesis of Nitrogen-containing Compounds 191
   11.6 Introduction of Oxygen Atoms into Organic Compounds 194
   11.6.1 Stereospecific Epoxidation of 2-hexene on Photoirradiated TiO2 Powders Using Molecular Oxygen as Oxidant 195
   11.6.2 Selective Oxidation of Naphthalene by Molecular Oxygen and Water Using TiO2 Photocatalysts 196
   11.6.3 Photocatalytic Oxygenation: Summary 198
   11.7 Concluding Remarks 199
   References 199
   12 Sonophotocatalysis - Joint System of Sonochemical and Photocatalytic Reactions 203
   12.1 Introduction - What is Sonophotocatalysis? 203
   12.2 Utilization of Sonophotocatalytic Reaction 204
   12.2.1 Sonophotocatalysis of Water 204
   12.2.2 Sonophotocatalysis of Artificial Seawater 216
   12.2.3 Sonophotocatalyses of Organic Compounds 219
   12.3 Conclusion and Future Scopes 220
   References 221
   13 Gas-phase Water Photolysis by NaOH-coated Photocatalysts 223
   13.1 Introduction 223
   13.2 Water Photolysis by Pt/TiO2 224
   13.3 Water Photolysis by Metallized Semiconductor Powders 226
   13.3.1 Gas-phase Water Photolysis by NaOH-coating 226
   13.3.2 Factors Influencing Yield of Water Photolysis 229
   13.4 Concluding Remarks 233
   References 234
   14 Water Photolysis by TiO2 Particles - Significant Effect of Na2CO3 Addition on Water Splitting 235
   14.1 Introduction 235
   14.2 Significant Effect of Carbonate Salt Addition on Water Splitting from Pt/TiO2 Water Suspension 236
   14.3 Role of Carbonate Salts on Water Splitting and Reaction Mechanism 240
   14.4 Effective Screening of Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting Using Na2CO3 Addition Method 242
   14.5 Solar Hydrogen Production Using Na2CO3 Addition Method 246
   14.6 Conclusion 248
   References 248
   15 Water Photolysis by Titanates with Tunnel Structures 249
   15.1 Water Photolysis by RuO2/BaTi4O9 with Pentagonal Prism Tunnel Structure 250
   15.2 Water Photolysis by RuO2/N2Ti6O13 with Rectangular Tunnel Structure 257
   References 260
   16 Water Photolysis by Layered Compounds 261
   16.1 Introduction 261
   16.2 Layered Oxides of Transition Metals 261
   16.3 K4Nb6O17 263
   16.3.1 Structure and Physico-chemical Properties 263
   16.3.2 Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting 265
   16.3.3 Structure of Ni-loaded K4Nb6O17 and Reaction Mechanism 267
   16.4 Perovskite-related Layered Oxides 268
   16.5 Summary 276
   References 276
   17 Splitting of Water by Combining Two Photocatalytic Reactions via Quinone Redox Couple Dissolved in Oil Phase: Artificial Photosynthesis 279
   17.1 Introduction 279
   17.2 Strategy for Water Splitting by Mimicking Photosynthesis 280
   17.3 Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in Separate Systems 281
   17.3.1 Photooxidation of Water Using TiO2 Particles 282
   17.3.2 Photoreduction of Water Using Pt-loaded TiO2 Particles 285
   17.4 Approaches to Electrochemical and Chemical Combinations of Two Photocatalytic Reactions 286
   17.5 Splitting of Water by a Combination of Two Photocatalytic Reactions via DDQ/DDHQ 289
   17.6 Conclusions 291
   References 291
   18 Sensitization by Metal Complexes Towards Future Artificial Photosynthesis 293
   18.1 Introduction 293
   18.2 Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution in Homogeneous Four-component Systems 294
   18.2.1 Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution with Porphyrin Metal Complexes and Hydrogenase 294
   18.2.2 Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution Using Cytochrome c3 as Electron Carrier 296
   18.2.3 Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution Using Chemically-modified Chlorophyll 298
   18.3 Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution with Viologen-linked orphyrin Metal Complexes 299
   18.3.1 Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution with Water-soluble Viologen-linked Cationic Porphyrin Metal Complexes and Hydrogenase 300
   18.3.2 Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution with Water-soluble Viologen-linked Anionic Porphyrin and Hydrogenase 302
   18.4 Other Systems for Hydrogen Evolution Using Natural Photosensitizers 303
   18.5 Conclusion 306
   References 306
   19 Catalyses and Sensitization for Water Reaction Towards Future Artificial Photosynthesis 309
   19.1 Introduction 309
   19.2 Design of Artificial Photosynthesis 309
   19.2.1 Photosynthesis and Energy Cycle on Earth 309
   19.2.2 Artificial Photosynthesis 311
   19.3 Molecular Catalysts for Water Reactions and CO2 Reduction 312
   19.3.1 Catalysis in Water Oxidation 312
   19.3.2 Catalysis in Proton Reduction 316
   19.3.3 Catalysis in Carbon Dioxide Reduction 316
   19.4 Photoexcited State Electron Transfer in Heterogeneous Phases 317
   19.5 Sensitization of TiO2 Powders and Films in Water 320
   19.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects 322
   References 323
   20 Photoelectric TiO2 Solar Cells 325
   20.1 Introduction 325
   20.2 Dye-sensitization of Semiconductors 325
   20.2.1 History 325
   20.2.2 Innovative Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 327
   20.2.3 Fabrication of Dye-sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells 328
   20.2.4 Characterization of Innovative Dye-sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells 329
   20.3 Electron-transfer Sensitization on TiO2 330
   20.3.1 Bonding Structure of Dye on TiO2 Influencing ηei 331
   20.3.2 Dynamics in Electron Transfer from Photoexcited Dye 2 to TiO2 331
   20.3.3 Electron Transfer Between Oxidized Dye 2 and I-/I3- Electrolyte 332
   20.4 Electron Transport in Porous TiO2 Electrodes 333
   20.4.1 Electron Transport Models for High ηet 334
   20.4.2 Time-course Analysis 335
   20.4.3 Frequency Analysis 335
   20.4.4 Effect of TiO2 Films on Performance of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 337
   20.5 Sensitization Dyes 337
   20.5.1 Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes 337
   20.5.2 Other Metal Complexes 339
   20.5.3 Organic Dyes 340
   20.5.4 Natural Dyes 342
   20.6 Recent Research Progress in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 343
   20.7 Future Work on Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 344
   20.8 Concluding Remarks 345
   References 346
Index 349
List of Contributors
Preface
   1 Introduction 1
10.

図書

東工大
目次DB
図書
東工大
目次DB
10. セラミックスの機能と応用 : 環境・リサイクル・情報・通信・エネルギー・バイオ
宗宮重行[ほか]編
出版情報: 東京 : 技報堂出版, 2002.8  xv, 384p ; 21cm
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
共通基礎データ ⅷ
第Ⅰ編 環境・リサイクル分野
   第Ⅰ-1章 総 論 3
   1.1 はじめに 3
   1.2 環境問題 3
   1.3 材料技術の応用分野 4
   1.4 セラミックスの応用 5
   1.4.1 構造的なメリット 5
   1.4.2 機能的なメリット 6
   1.4.3 セラミックスのデメリット 6
   1.5 おわりに 7
   第Ⅰ-2章 各 論 9
   2.1 ろ過機能 9
   2.1.1 ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター(DPF) 9
   2.1.2 高温集塵フィルター 12
   2.1.3 排水処理用セラミックス膜フィルター 19
   2.2 ケミカルセンター 22
   2.2.1 可燃性ガスセンサー 22
   2.2.2 有害ガスセンサー 26
   2.3 セラミックス担体 34
   2.3.1 セラミックスハニカム 34
   2.3.2 バイオリアクター 37
   2.4 表面機能性セラミックス 39
   2.4.1 抗菌部材 39
   2.4.2 親水性部材(半導体の光励起反応を利用した機能薄膜材料) 44
   2.4.3 ゼオライトとNOx分解触媒 54
   2.5 リサイクル関連技術 59
   2.5.1 リサイクルとは 59
   2.5.2 リサイクルの目的 59
   2.5.3 廃棄物総合対策の中でのリサイクルの位置付け 62
   2.5.4 セラミックス産業関連リサイクル 62
   2.6 そ の 他 64
   2.6.1 セラミックス吸音材 64
   2.6.2 セラミックス電波吸収体 69
   第Ⅰ-3章 基礎データ 73
第Ⅱ編 情報・通信分野
   第Ⅱ-1章 総 論 79
   1.1 エレクトロニクスの動向と機能性セラミックスの進歩 79
   1.1.1 エレクトロニクスの動向 79
   1.1.2 機能性セラミックスの進歩 80
   1.1.3 機能性セラミックスの分類と用途 82
   第Ⅱ-2章 各 論 85
   2.1 絶縁性セラミックス 85
   2.1.1 セラミックス多層配線基板 85
   2.1.2 IC基板について 90
   2.2 半導性セラミックス 94
   2.2.1 サーミスター(NTC,PTC) 94
   2.2.2 バリスタ 102
   2.2.3 各種センサー 106
   2.3 イオン導電性セラミックス 113
   2.3.1 リチウムイオン電池 113
   2.3.2 酸素センサー 117
   2.4 圧電性セラミックス 121
   2.4.1 セラミックスフィルター 121
   2.4.2 圧電振動ジャイロ 124
   2.4.3 圧電トランス 129
   2.4.4 薄膜デバイス 133
   2.5 誘電性セラミックス 139
   2.5.1 積層コンデンサー 139
   2.5.2 誘電体フィルター 143
   2.6 磁性セラミックス 147
   2.6.1 MR,GMRヘッド 147
   2.6.2 高周波電源用フェライト 152
   2.7 酸化物化学結晶 157
   2.7.1 固体レーザー 157
   第Ⅱ-3章 基礎データ 167
第Ⅲ編 エネルギー分野
   第Ⅲ-1章 総 論 173
   1.1 はじめに 173
   1.2 物理学の階層構造 173
   1.3 古典場における物理量の相関関係 175
   1.3.1 示強性物理量と示量性物理量 176
   1.3.2 物質定数の定義 176
   1.3.3 物質から材料へ 熱的・機械的機能に及ぼす諸因子 178
   1.4 おわりに 179
   第Ⅲ-2 各 論 181
   2.1 機械的機能 181
   2.1.1 高弾性エネルギー(ばね) 181
   2.1.2 高硬度(工具,コーティング) 185
   2.1.3 耐摩耗性(軸受,摺動部品) 189
   2.1.4 潤滑性(固体潤滑剤) 193
   2.1.5 複合材 198
   2.2 熱的機能 204
   2.2.1 高温強度(タービン用材料) 204
   2.2.2 耐熱性・耐熱衝撃性 207
   2.2.3 断熱性(断熱材) 212
   2.3 耐 食 性 217
   2.3.1 高温耐食性(炉材) 217
   2.3.2 耐薬品性(耐酸性ポンプ) 227
   2.4 エネルギー変換効率 232
   2.4.1 熱電変換 232
   2.4.2 燃料電池 239
   2.4.3 原 子 力 243
   2.5 加工・接合 247
   2.5.1 研削加工 247
   2.5.2 砥粒加工 251
   2.5.3 ビーム加工 254
   2.5.4 接合 259
   第Ⅲ-3章 基礎データ 279
第Ⅳ編 バイオ分野
   第Ⅳ-1章 総 論 287
   1.1 生体修復セラミックスの最新の動向 287
   1.1.1 はじめに 287
   1.1.2 高強度,高耐摩性セラミックス 287
   1.1.3 生体活性セラミックス 288
   1.1.4 吸収性セラミックス 289
   1.1.5 生体活性セメント 289
   1.1.6 生体活性セラミックス金属複合体 290
   1.1.7 生体活性セラミックス高分子複合体 291
   1.1.8 がん治療用セラミックス 291
   1.1.9 おわりに 292
   1.2 生体材料の臨床応用の基礎 293
   1.2.1 生体材料の使用目的 293
   1.2.2 期待する特性 294
   1.2.3 セラミックスと生体内環境 296
   第Ⅳ-2章 各 論 299
   2.1 バイオイナートセラミックス 299
   2.1.1 アルミナセラミックス 299
   2.1.2 ジルコニアセラミックス 306
   2.2 バイオアクティブセラミックス 310
   2.2.1 ハイドロキシアパタイト(HA) 310
   2.3 人口歯・人口歯根 314
   2.3.1 人口歯・人口歯根用セラミックス 314
   2.4 バイオセラミックスコーティング 320
   2.4.1 ハイドロキシアパタイト(HA)コーティング 320
   2.5 バイオアクティブセラミックスの臨床応用 342
   2.5.1 バイオアクティブ結晶化ガラス(A-W) 342
   2.5.2 ハイドロキシアパタイト(HA) 346
   2.5.3 バイオセラミックス複合体 350
   2.5.4 人口歯・人口歯根 354
   2.5.5 ガン治療用セラミックス 362
   第Ⅳ-3章 基礎データ 369
索 引 375
共通基礎データ ⅷ
第Ⅰ編 環境・リサイクル分野
   第Ⅰ-1章 総 論 3
文献の複写および貸借の依頼を行う
 文献複写・貸借依頼