Foreword |
Preface |
Introduction to Fracture Mechanics / Part I: |
Overview of the Problem of Fracture and Fatigue in Structures / Chapter 1: |
Historical Background / 1.1: |
Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior / 1.2: |
Notch Toughness / 1.3: |
Driving Force, K[subscript I] / 1.4: |
Resistance Force, K[subscript c] / 1.4.2: |
Fracture Mechanics Design / 1.5: |
Fatigue and Stress-Corrosion Crack Growth / 1.6: |
Fracture and Fatigue Control / 1.7: |
Fracture Criteria / 1.8: |
Fitness for Service / 1.9: |
Case Studies / 1.10: |
References / 1.11: |
Stress Analysis for Members with Cracks--K[subscript I] / Chapter 2: |
Introduction / 2.1: |
Stress-Concentration Factor--k[subscript t] / 2.2: |
Stress-Intensity Factor--K[subscript I] / 2.3: |
Stress-Intensity-Factor Equations / 2.4: |
Through-Thickness Crack / 2.4.1: |
Single-Edge Notch / 2.4.2: |
Embedded Elliptical or Circular Crack in Infinite Plate / 2.4.3: |
Surface Crack / 2.4.4: |
Cracks Growing from Round Holes / 2.4.5: |
Single Crack in Beam in Bending / 2.4.6: |
Holes or Cracks Subjected to Point or Pressure Loading / 2.4.7: |
Estimation of Other K[subscript I] Factors / 2.4.8: |
Superposition of Stress-Intensity Factors / 2.4.9: |
Crack-Tip Deformation and Plastic Zone Size / 2.5: |
Effective K[subscript I] Factor for Large Plastic Zone Size / 2.6: |
J[subscript I] and [delta][subscript I] Driving Forces / 2.7: |
J Integral / 2.7.1: |
CTOD ([delta][subscript I]) / 2.7.2: |
Summary / 2.8: |
Appendix / 2.9: |
Griffith, CTOD and J-Integral Theories / 2.10: |
The Griffith Theory / 2.10.1: |
Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) and the Dugdale Model / 2.10.2: |
J-Integral / 2.10.3: |
Fracture Behavior / Part II: |
Resistance Forces--K[subscript c]-J[subscript c]-[delta][subscript c] / Chapter 3: |
General Overview / 3.1: |
Service Conditions Affecting Fracture Toughness / 3.2: |
Temperature / 3.2.1: |
Loading Rate / 3.2.2: |
Constraint / 3.2.3: |
ASTM Standard Fracture Tests / 3.3: |
Fracture Behavior Regions / 3.4: |
General ASTM Fracture Test Methodology / 3.5: |
Test Specimen Size / 3.5.1: |
Test Specimen Notch / 3.5.2: |
Test Fixtures and Instrumentation / 3.5.3: |
Analysis of Results / 3.5.4: |
Relations Between K-J-[delta] / 3.6: |
Appendix A: K, J, CTOD ([delta]) Standard Test Method--E 1820 / 3.7: |
Appendix B: Reference Temperature T[subscript o], to Establish a Master Curve Using K[subscript Jc] Values in Standard Test Method E 1921 / 3.9: |
Effects of Temperature, Loading Rate, and Constraint / Chapter 4: |
Effects of Temperature and Loading Rate on K[subscript Ic], K[subscript Ic](t), and K[subscript Id] / 4.1: |
Effect of Loading Rate on Fracture Toughness / 4.3: |
Effect of Constraint on Fracture Toughness / 4.4: |
Loading-Rate Shift for Structural Steels / 4.5: |
CVN Temperature Shift / 4.5.1: |
K[subscript Ic]-K[subscript Id] Impact-Loading-Rate Shift / 4.5.2: |
K[subscript Ic](t) Intermediate-Loading Rate Shift / 4.5.3: |
Predictive Relationship for Temperature Shift / 4.5.4: |
Significance of Temperature Shift / 4.5.5: |
CVN-K[subscript Id]-K[subscript c] Correlations / 4.6: |
General / 5.1: |
Two-Stage CVN-K[subscript Id]-K[subscript c] Correlation / 5.2: |
K[subscript Ic]-CVN Upper-Shelf Correlation / 5.3: |
K[subscript Id] Value at NDT Temperature / 5.4: |
Comparison of CVN-K[subscript Id]-K[subscript Ic]-J and [delta] Relations / 5.5: |
Fracture-Mechanics Design / 5.6: |
General Fracture-Mechanics Design Procedure for Terminal Failure / 6.1: |
Design Selection of Materials / 6.3: |
Design Analysis of Failure of a 260-In.-Diameter Motor Case / 6.4: |
Design Example--Selection of a High-Strength Steel for a Pressure Vessel / 6.5: |
Case I--Traditional Design Approach / 6.5.1: |
Case II--Fracture-Mechanics Design / 6.5.2: |
General Analysis of Cases I and II / 6.5.3: |
Fatigue and Environmental Behavior / 6.6: |
Introduction to Fatigue / Chapter 7: |
Factors Affecting Fatigue Performance / 7.1: |
Fatigue Loading / 7.3: |
Constant-Amplitude Loading / 7.3.1: |
Variable-Amplitude Loading / 7.3.2: |
Fatigue Testing / 7.4: |
Small Laboratory Tests / 7.4.1: |
Fatigue-Crack-Initiation Tests / 7.4.1a: |
Fatigue-Crack-Propagation Tests / 7.4.1b: |
Tests of Actual or Simulated Structural Components / 7.4.2: |
Some Characteristics of Fatigue Cracks / 7.5: |
Fatigue-Crack Initiation / 7.6: |
General Background / 8.1: |
Effect of Stress Concentration on Fatigue-Crack Initiation / 8.2: |
Generalized Equation for Predicting the Fatigue-Crack-Initiation Threshold for Steels / 8.3: |
Methodology for Predicting Fatigue-Crack Initiation from Notches / 8.4: |
Fatigue-Crack Propagation under Constant and Variable-Amplitude Load Fluctuation / 8.5: |
Fatigue-Crack-Propagation Threshold / 9.1: |
Constant Amplitude Load Fluctuation / 9.3: |
Martensitic Steels / 9.3.1: |
Ferrite-Pearlite Steels / 9.3.2: |
Austenitic Stainless Steels / 9.3.3: |
Aluminum and Titanium Alloys / 9.3.4: |
Effect of Mean Stress on Fatigue-Crack Propagation Behavior / 9.4: |
Effects on Cyclic Frequency and Waveform / 9.5: |
Effects of Stress Concentration on Fatigue-Crack Growth / 9.6: |
Fatigue-Crack Propagation in Steel Weldments / 9.7: |
Design Example / 9.8: |
Variable-Amplitude Load Fluctuation / 9.9: |
Probability-Density Distribution / 9.9.1: |
Fatigue-Crack Growth under Variable-Amplitude Loading / 9.9.2: |
Single and Multiple High-Load Fluctuations / 9.9.3: |
Variable-Amplitude Load Fluctuations / 9.9.4: |
The Root-Mean-Square (RMS) Model / 9.9.4.1: |
Fatigue-Crack Growth Under Variable-Amplitude Ordered-Sequence Cyclic Load / 9.9.4.2: |
Fatigue-Crack Growth in Various Steels / 9.10: |
Fatigue-Crack Growth Under Various Unimodal Distribution Curves / 9.11: |
Fatigue and Fracture Behavior of Welded Components / 9.12: |
Residual Stresses / 10.1: |
Distortion / 10.3: |
Stress Concentration / 10.4: |
Weld Discontinuities and Their Effects / 10.5: |
Fatigue Crack Initiation Sites / 10.5.1: |
Fatigue Crack Behavior of Welded Components / 10.6: |
Fatigue Behavior of Smooth Welded Components / 10.6.1: |
Specimen Geometries and Test Methods / 10.6.1.1: |
Effects of Surface Roughness / 10.6.1.2: |
Fatigue Behavior of As-Welded Components / 10.6.2: |
Effect of Geometry / 10.6.2.1: |
Effect of Composition / 10.6.2.2: |
Effect of Residual Stress / 10.6.2.3: |
Effect of Postweld Heat Treatment / 10.6.2.4: |
Methodologies of Various Codes and Standards / 10.7: |
AASHTO Fatigue Design Curves for Welded Bridge Components / 10.7.1: |
Variable Amplitude Cyclic Loads / 10.8: |
Example Problem / 10.8.1: |
Fracture-Toughness Behavior of Welded Components / 10.9: |
General Discussion / 10.9.1: |
Weldments / 10.9.2: |
Fracture-Toughness Tests for Weldments / 10.9.3: |
K[subscript Iscc] and Corrosion Fatigue Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation / 10.10: |
Stress-Corrosion Cracking / 11.1: |
Fracture-Mechanics Approach / 11.2.1: |
Experimental Procedures / 11.2.2: |
K[subscript Iscc]--A Material Property / 11.2.3: |
Test Duration / 11.2.4: |
K[subscript Iscc] Data for Some Material-Environment Systems / 11.2.5: |
Crack-Growth-Rate Tests / 11.2.6: |
Corrosion-Fatigue Crack Initiation / 11.3: |
Test Specimens and Experimental Procedures / 11.3.1: |
Corrosion-Fatigue-Crack-Initiation Behavior of Steels / 11.3.2: |
Fatigue-Crack-Initiation Behavior / 11.3.2.1: |
Corrosion Fatigue Crack-Initiation Behavior / 11.3.2.2: |
Effect of Cyclic-Load Frequency / 11.3.2.3: |
Effect of Stress Ratio / 11.3.2.4: |
Long-Life Behavior / 11.3.2.5: |
Generalized Equation for Predicting the Corrosion-Fatigue Crack-Initiation Behavior for Steels / 11.3.2.6: |
Corrosion-Fatigue-Crack Propagation / 11.4: |
Corrosion-Fatigue Crack-Propagation Threshold / 11.4.1: |
Corrosion-Fatigue-Crack-Propagation Behavior Below K[subscript Iscc] / 11.4.2: |
Effect of Cyclic-Stress Waveform / 11.4.3: |
Environmental Effects During Transient Loading / 11.4.4: |
Generalized Corrosion-Fatigue Behavior / 11.4.5: |
Prevention of Corrosion-Fatigue Failures / 11.5: |
Fracture and Fatigue Control Plan / 11.6: |
Identification of the Factors / 12.3.1: |
Establishment of the Relative Contribution / 12.3.2: |
Determination of Relative Efficiency / 12.3.3: |
Recommendation of Specific Design Considerations / 12.3.4: |
Fracture Control Plan for Steel Bridges / 12.4: |
Design / 12.4.1: |
Fabrication / 12.4.3: |
Material / 12.4.4: |
AASHTO Charpy V-Notch Requirements / 12.4.5: |
Verification of the AASHTO Fracture Toughness Requirement / 12.4.6: |
High-Performance Steels / 12.4.7: |
Comprehensive Fracture-Control Plans--George R. Irwin / 12.5: |
General Levels of Performance / 12.6: |
Consequences of Failure / 13.3: |
Original 15-ft-lb CVN Impact Criterion for Ship Steels / 13.4: |
Transition-Temperature Criterion / 13.5: |
Through-Thickness Yielding Criterion / 13.6: |
Leak-Before-Break Criterion / 13.7: |
Fracture Criterion for Steel Bridges / 13.8: |
Use of Fracture Mechanics in Fitness-for-Service Analysis / 13.9: |
Effect of Loading Rate / 14.2.1: |
Effect of Constraint / 14.2.3: |
Effect of Many Factors / 14.2.4: |
Existing Fitness-for-Service Procedures / 14.3: |
PD 6493 / 14.3.1: |
ASME Section XI / 14.3.3: |
API 579 / 14.3.4: |
Benefits of a Proof or Hydro-Test to Establish Fitness for Continued Service / 14.4: |
Difference Between Initiation and Arrest (Propagation) Fracture Toughness Behavior / 14.5: |
Applications of Fracture Mechanics--Case Studies / 14.6: |
Importance of Fracture Toughness and Proper Fabrication Procedures--The Bryte Bend Bridge / Chapter 15: |
AASHTO Fracture Control Plan for Steel Bridges / 15.1: |
Bryte Bend Bridge Brittle Fracture / 15.3: |
Design Aspects of the Bryte Bend Bridge as Related to the AASHTO Fracture Control Plan (FCP) / 15.4: |
Adequacy of the Current AASHTO Fracture Control Plan / 15.5: |
Implied vs. Guaranteed Notch Toughness / 15.5.1: |
Effect of Details on Fatigue Life / 15.5.2: |
Importance of Constraint and Loading--The Ingram Barge / 15.5.3: |
Effect of Constraint on Structural Behavior / 16.1: |
Constraint Experiences in the Ship Industry / 16.3: |
Ingram Barge Failure / 16.4: |
Importance of Loading and Inspection--Trans Alaska Pipeline Service Oil Tankers / 16.5: |
Background / 17.1: |
Fracture Mechanics Methodology / 17.3: |
Application of Methodology to a Detail in an Oil Tanker / 17.4: |
Identification of Critical Details / 17.4.1: |
Fracture Toughness / 17.4.2: |
Stress Intensity Factors and Critical Crack Size for Critical Details / 17.4.3: |
Inspection Capability for Initial Crack Size, a[subscript o] / 17.4.4: |
Determination of Histogram for Fatigue Loading / 17.4.5: |
Fatigue Crack Propagation in Bottom Shell Plates / 17.4.6: |
Effect of Reduced Fatigue Loading / 17.5: |
Importance of Proper Analysis, Fracture Toughness, Fabrication, and Loading on Structural Behavior--Failure Analysis of a Lock-and-Dam Sheet Piling / 17.6: |
Description of the Failure / 18.1: |
Steel Properties / 18.3: |
Failure Analysis of Sheet 55 / 18.4: |
Importance of Loading Rate on Structural Performance--Burst Tests of Steel Casings / 18.5: |
Material and Experimental Procedures / 19.1: |
Experimental Procedure / 19.3: |
Failure Analysis / 19.4: |
Metallographic Analysis / 19.5: |
Examination of API Specifications for J-55 and K-55 Casing / 19.6: |
Problems / 19.7: |
Index |