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電子ブック

EB
Hajime Akimoto
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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Preface
Historical Background of Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol Research / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Secondary Inorganic Aerosols / 1.2:
Sulfate / 1.2.1:
Nitrate / 1.2.2:
Secondary Organic Aerosols / 1.3:
Photochemical Smog / 1.3.1:
Blue Haze / 1.3.2:
References
Fundamentals of Multiphase Chemical Reactions / 2:
Gas-Liquid Phase Equilibrium and Equilibrium in Liquid Phase / 2.1:
Fundamentals of Thermodynamics / 2.2.1:
Internal Energy and Enthalpy / 2.2.1.1:
Entropy / 2.2.1.2:
Gibbs Energy / 2.2.1.3:
Chemical Potential / 2.2.1.4:
Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant / 2.2.2:
Chemical Equilibrium / 2.2.2.1:
Equilibrium Constant of Gas-Phase Reaction / 2.2.2.2:
Equilibrium Constant of Liquid-Phase Reaction / 2.2.2.3:
A Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constant
Gas-Liquid Equilibrium and Henry's Law Constant / 2.2.3:
Hydration of Carbonyl Compounds and Effective Henry's Law Constant / 2.2.4:
pH and Equilibrium in the Aqueous Solution / 2.2.5:
Dissociation Equilibrium of Pure Water and pH / 2.2.5.1:
Ion Dissociation and Equilibrium in Aqueous Solution / 2.2.5.2:
Reactions in the Liquid Phase / 2.3:
Thermodynamics and Activity Coefficients of Nonideal Solutions / 2.3.1:
Salting-in, Salting-out / 2.3.1.1:
Chemical Kinetics of Aqueous-Phase Reaction / 2.3.2:
Diffusion Process and Chemical Reaction Kinetics / 2.3.2.1:
Transition State Theory of Solution Reaction and Thermodynamic Expression / 2.3.2.2:
Cage Effect and Aqueous-Phase Solvent Effect / 2.3.3:
Cage Effect / 2.3.3.1:
Solvent Effect in the Aqueous Phase / 2.3.3.2:
Uptake Coefficient and Resistance Model / 2.4:
Accommodation Coefficient and Uptake Coefficient / 2.4.1:
Resistance Model / 2.4.2:
Physical Chemistry of Interface Reaction / 2.5:
Langmuir-Hinshelwood Mechanism and Eley-Rideal Mechanism / 2.5.1:
Resistance Model Including Interface Reaction / 2.5.2:
Surface Tension of Air-Water Interface and Thermodynamics of Accommodation Coefficient / 2.5.3:
Surface Tension / 2.5.3.1:
Thermodynamics of Accommodation Coefficient at Air-Water Interface / 2.5.3.2:
Chemical Compositions and Physical Characters of Particles / 2.6:
Elemental and Molecular Composition of Particles / 2.6.1:
Inorganic Elements and Compounds / 2.6.1.1:
Organic Compounds / 2.6.1.2:
van Krevelen Diagram / 2.6.1.3:
Molecular Composition and Vapor Pressure / 2.6.2:
Gas-Particle Partitioning and Volatility Basis Set Model / 2.6.3:
Gas-Particle Partitioning and SOA Formation Yield / 2.6.3.1:
Volatility Basis Set Model / 2.6.3.2:
Gas-Aqueous Phase Partitioning of Hydrophilic Compounds / 2.6.3.3:
A Phase State of Particles and Mass Transfer
Gas-Phase Reactions Related to Secondary Organic Aerosols / 3:
Ozone Reactions / 3.1:
Properties and Reactions of Criegee Intermediates / 3.2.1:
Direct Detection of Criegee Intermediate and Molecular Structure / 3.2.1.1:
Formation of CH2OO in Ozone-Ethene Reaction / 3.2.1.2:
Formation of syn- and anti-CH3CHOO in Ozone-Alkene Reactions / 3.2.1.3:
Alkenes and Dialkenes / 3.2.2:
Ethene / 3.2.2.1:
>C3 Alkenes / 3.2.2.2:
1,3-Butadiene / 3.2.2.3:
Isoprene / 3.2.3:
Cycloalkenes / 3.2.4:
Cyclohexene / 3.2.4.1:
1-Methylcyclohexene / 3.2.4.2:
Methylenecyclohexane / 3.2.4.3:
Monoterpenes / 3.2.5:
¿-Pinene / 3.2.5.1:
ß-Pinene / 3.2.5.2:
Limonene / 3.2.5.3:
Sesquiterpenes / 3.2.6:
OH Radical-Induced Oxidation Reactions / 3.3:
Alkanes / 3.3.1:
Reactions of Alkyl Peroxy Radicals / 3.3.1.1:
Reactions of Alkoxy Radicals / 3.3.1.2:
Alkynes / 3.3.2:
Alkenes, Dialkenes, and Cycloalkenes / 3.3.3:
Alkenes / 3.3.3.1:
Cycloalkenes and Methylene cyclohexane / 3.3.3.2:
Fundamental Processes of OH-Induced Oxidation Reaction / 3.3.4:
HOx Radicals Regeneration Reaction / 3.3.4.2:
Formation of Isoprene Hydroxy Hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH) and Isoprene Epoxydiol (IEPOX) / 3.3.4.3:
Formation of Hydroxy Isoprene Nitrates / 3.3.4.4:
Reactions of Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Methacrolein / 3.3.4.5:
Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / 3.3.5:
Benzene / 3.3.6.1:
Toluene / 3.3.6.2:
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / 3.3.7:
Naphthalene / 3.3.7.1:
Other Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / 3.3.7.2:
Carbonyl Compounds: OH Radical Reactions and Photolysis / 3.3.8:
Glyoxal / 3.3.8.1:
Methylglyoxal / 3.3.8.2:
Glycolaldehyde / 3.3.8.3:
Hydroxyacetone / 3.3.8.4:
NO3 Oxidation Reactions / 3.4:
Monocyclic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / 3.4.1:
Phenol, and Cresol / 3.4.3.1:
Aqueous-Phase Reactions Related to Secondary Organic Aerosols / 3.4.3.2:
OH Radical Reactions / 4.1:
UV Absorption Spectrum of OH Radicals in Aqueous Solution / 4.2.1:
Formation of OH Radicals in Cloud/Fog Droplets and Deliquescent Aerosols / 4.2.2:
Reaction Rate Constants of OH Radicals in the Aqueous Phase / 4.2.3:
Reactions of Formaldehyde and OH Radical Chain Reaction / 4.2.4:
OH Radical Reactions and Photolysis of ≥C2 Carbonyl Compounds / 4.2.5:
Glyoxal and Glyoxylic Acid / 4.2.5.1:
Methylglyoxal, Pyruvic Acid, and Acetic Acid / 4.2.5.2:
Glycolaldehyde and Glycolic Acid / 4.2.5.3:
Methacrolein and Methyl Vinyl Ketone / 4.2.5.4:
Oligomer Formation Reactions from ≥C2 Carbonyl Compounds / 4.2.6:
Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal / 4.2.6.1:
Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Methacrolein / 4.2.6.2:
Nonradical Reactions / 4.3:
Diels-Alder Reaction / 4.3.1:
Hemiacetal and Acetal Formation Reactions / 4.3.2:
1,4-Hydroxycarbonyl Compounds / 4.3.2.1:
Aldol Reaction / 4.3.3:
Acetaldehyde / 4.3.3.1:
Esterification Reactions / 4.3.3.2:
Formation Reactions of Organic Sulfates / 4.4:
C2 and C3 Carbonyl Compounds / 4.4.1:
Formation Reactions of Organic Nitrogen Compounds / 4.4.2:
Organic Nitrates / 4.5.1:
Imidazoles / 4.5.2:
Heterogeneous Oxidation Reactions at Organic Aerosol Surfaces / 5:
Aging of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere / 5.1:
Reactions of Ozone / 5.3:
Oleic Acid and Unsaturated Long-Chain Carboxylic Acids / 5.3.1:
Squalene / 5.3.2:
Reactions of OH Radicals / 5.3.3:
Squalane and Long-Chain Alkanes / 5.4.1:
Levoglucosan, Erythritol, and Hopane / 5.4.2:
Saturated Dicarboxylic Acids / 5.4.3:
Squalene and Long-Chain Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids / 5.4.4:
Reactions of NO3 Radicals / 5.4.5:
Levoglucosan, Squalane, Long-Chain Alkane, and Alkanoic Acid / 5.5.1:
Squalene and Oleic Acid / 5.5.2:
Reactions at the Air-Water and Air-Solid Particle Interface / 5.5.3:
Molecular Pictures and Reactions at the Air-Water Interface / 6.1:
Thermodynamics of Adsorption / 6.2.1:
OH, HO2, and O3 / 6.2.1.1:
Organic and Inorganic Compounds / 6.2.1.2:
Microscopic Picture of Molecules / 6.2.2:
Air-Pure Water Interface / 6.2.2.1:
Hydrophilic Organic Compounds / 6.2.2.2:
Amphophilic Organic Compounds (Surfactants) / 6.2.2.3:
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds / 6.2.2.4:
NH3 and SO2 / 6.2.2.5:
Reactions of O3 and Organic Compounds / 6.2.3:
Oleic Acid / 6.2.3.1:
Sesquiterpene Criegee Intermediates / 6.2.3.2:
Reactions of OH Radicals and Organic Compounds / 6.2.3.3:
Carboxylic and Dicarboxylic Acids / 6.2.4.1:
Organic Sulfur Compounds / 6.2.4.2:
Air-Sea Salt Particle, Seawater, and Sulfate/Nitrate Aerosol Interface / 6.3:
Microscopic View of Interface of Air and Alkaline Halide Aqueous Solution / 6.3.1:
Reactions at the Interface of Sea Salt and Alkali Halide Aqueous Solution / 6.3.2:
Reaction with O3 / 6.3.2.1:
Reaction with OH Radicals / 6.3.2.2:
Uptake of HO2 Radicals / 6.3.2.3:
Reaction with N2O5 / 6.3.2.4:
Reaction with HNO3 / 6.3.2.5:
Reactions of Organic Compounds at the Air-Seawater and Air-Sea Salt Interface / 6.3.3:
Microscopic View of the Interface of Air and Sulfate/Nitrate Aqueous Solution / 6.3.4:
Sulfate Ion (SO42-) / 6.3.4.1:
Nitrate Ion (NO3-) / 6.3.4.2:
Reactions on Snow/Ice Surface / 6.4:
Formation of NO¿ in the Photochemical Reaction of NO3- / 6.4.1:
Formation of Inorganic Halogens on the Snow Ice and Sea Ice Surface / 6.4.2:
Reactions with N2O5 / 6.4.2.1:
Interface of Water and Mineral Dust, Quartz, and Metal Oxide Surface / 6.5:
Microscopic View of Adsorbed Water on Mineral Surface / 6.5.1:
HONO Formation Reaction from NO2 on the Mineral Surface / 6.5.2:
Dark Reaction / 6.5.2.1:
Photochemical Reaction / 6.5.2.2:
Reaction of Organic Monolayer on Mineral Surface / 6.5.3:
Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Cloud Condensation Nuclei / 7:
Classical Homogeneous Nucleation Theory / 7.1:
Homogeneous Nucleation in One-Component Systems / 7.2.1:
Homogeneous Nucleation in Two-Component Systems / 7.2.2:
Atmospheric New Particle Formation / 7.3:
New Particle Formation Rate and Growth Rate / 7.3.1:
Sulfuric Acid in New Particle Formation / 7.3.2:
Basic Substances in New Particle Formation / 7.3.3:
Organic Species in New Particle Formation / 7.3.4:
Other Species in New Particle Formation / 7.3.5:
Iodine Oxides / 7.3.5.1:
Atmospheric Ions / 7.3.5.2:
Field Observation of Nanoclusters / 7.3.6:
Aerosol Hygroscopicity and Cloud Condensation Nuclei / 7.4:
Kohler Theory / 7.4.1:
Nonideality of Solution in a Droplet / 7.4.2:
Hygroscopicity Parameter, K / 7.4.3:
Field Observations of Secondary Organic Aerosols / 8:
Global Budget of Aerosols / 8.1:
Analysis Methods of Ambient Aerosol Compositions / 8.3:
Positive Matrix Factorization / 8.3.1:
Mass Spectrum Peak Intensity and Elemental Ratio / 8.3.2:
Elemental Composition / 8.3.3:
Marine Air / 8.4:
Forest Air / 8.5:
Amazon Tropical Forest / 8.5.1:
Finland Boreal Forest / 8.5.2:
Urban/Rural Air / 8.6:
Characterization of Ambient Aerosols / 8.6.1:
PMF Analysis / 8.6.1.1:
Mass Signal Intensity Ratio and Elemental Ratio / 8.6.1.2:
Particle Size Distribution / 8.6.1.3:
Molecular Composition / 8.6.1.4:
Dicarboxylic Acid / 8.6.2.1:
Plant Origin VOC Tracers / 8.6.2.2:
Anthropogenic VOC Tracer / 8.6.2.3:
Organic Sulfate / 8.6.2.4:
Organic Nitrates and Imidazoles / 8.6.2.5:
High-Molecular-Weight Compounds and Oligomers / 8.6.2.6:
Index
Preface
Historical Background of Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol Research / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
2.

電子ブック

EB
Crocker, Santillan-Jimenez Eduardo
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Upgrading of Biomass via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) / Charles A. Mullen1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Catalytic Pyrolysis Over Zeolites / 1.1.1:
Catalytic Pyrolysis Over HZSM-5 / 1.1.1.1:
Deactivation of HZSM-5 During CFP / 1.1.1.2:
Modification of ZSM-5 with Metals / 1.1.1.3:
Modifications of ZSM-5 Pore Structure / 1.1.1.4:
CFP with Metal Oxide Catalysts / 1.1.2:
CFP to Produce Fine Chemicals / 1.1.3:
Outlook and Conclusions / 1.1.4:
References
The Upgrading of Bio-Oil via Hydrodeoxygenation / Adetoyese O. Oyedun and Madhumita Patel and Mayank Kumar and Amit Kumar2:
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) / 2.1:
Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol as a Model Compound / 2.2.1:
HDO of Phenolic (Guaiacol) Model Compounds / 2.2.1.1:
HDO of Phenolic (Anisole) Model Compounds / 2.2.1.2:
HDO of Phenolic (Cresol) Model Compounds / 2.2.1.3:
Hydrodeoxygenation of Aldehyde Model Compounds / 2.2.2:
Hydrodeoxygenation of Carboxylic Acid Model Compounds / 2.2.3:
Hydrodeoxygenation of Alcohol Model Compounds / 2.2.4:
Hydrodeoxygenation of Carbohydrate Model Compounds / 2.2.5:
Chemical Catalysts for the HDO Reaction / 2.3:
Catalyst Promoters for HDO / 2.3.1:
Catalyst Supports for HDO / 2.3.2:
Catalyst Selectivity for HDO / 2.3.3:
Catalyst Deactivation During HDO / 2.3.4:
Research Gaps / 2.4:
Conclusions / 2.5:
Acknowledgments
Upgrading of Bio-oil via Fluid Catalytic Cracking / Idoia Hita and Jose Maria Arandes and Javier Bilbao3:
Bio-oil / 3.1:
Bio-oil Production via Fast Pyrolysis / 3.2.1:
General Characteristics, Composition, and Stabilization of Bio-oil / 3.2.2:
Adjustment of Bio-oil Composition Through Pyrolytic Strategies / 3.2.2.1:
Bio-oil Stabilization / 3.2.2.2:
Valorization Routes for Bio-oil / 3.2.3:
Hydroprocessing / 3.2.3.1:
Steam Reforming / 3.2.3.2:
Extraction of Valuable Components from Bio-oil / 3.2.3.3:
Catalytic Cracking of Bio-oil: Fundamental Aspects / 3.3:
The FCC Unit / 3.3.1:
Cracking Reactions and Mechanisms / 3.3.2:
Cracking of Oxygenated Compounds / 3.3.3:
Cracking of Bio-oil / 3.3.4:
Bio-oil Cracking in the FCC Unit / 3.4:
Cracking of Model Oxygenates / 3.4.1:
Coprocessing of Oxygenates and Their Mixtures with Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) / 3.4.2:
Cracking of Bio-oil and Its Mixtures with VGO / 3.4.3:
Conclusions and Critical Discussion / 3.5:
Stabilization of Bio-oil via Esterification / Xun Hu4:
Reactions of the Main Components of Bio-Oil Under Esterification Conditions / 4.1:
Sugars / 4.2.1:
Carboxylic Acids / 4.2.2:
Furans / 4.2.3:
Aldehydes and Ketones / 4.2.4:
Phenolics / 4.2.5:
Other Components / 4.2.6:
Processes for Esterification of Bio-oil / 4.3:
Esterification of Bio-oil Under Subcritical or Supercritical Conditions / 4.3.1:
Removal of the Water in Bio-oil to Enhance Conversion of Carboxylic Acids / 4.3.2:
In-line Esterification of Bio-oil / 4.3.3:
Esterification Coupled with Oxidation / 4.3.4:
Esterification Coupled with Hydrogenation / 4.3.5:
Steric Hindrance in Bio-oil Esterification / 4.3.6:
Coking in Esterification of Bio-oil / 4.3.7:
Effects of Bio-oil Esterification on the Subsequent Hydrotreatment / 4.3.8:
Catalysts / 4.4:
Summary and Outlook / 4.5:
Catalytic Upgrading of Holocellulose-Derived C5 and C6 Sugars / Xingguang Zhang and Zhijun Tai and Amin Osatiashtiani and Lee Durndell and Adam F. Lee and Karen Wilson5:
Catalytic Transformation of C5-C6 Sugars / 5.1:
Isomerization Catalysts / 5.2.1:
Zeolites / 5.2.1.1:
Hydrotalcites / 5.2.1.2:
Other Solid Catalysts / 5.2.1.3:
Dehydration Catalysts / 5.2.2:
Zeolitic and Mesoporous Brønsted Solid Acids / 5.2.2.1:
Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Silicas / 5.2.2.2:
Metal-Organic Frameworks / 5.2.2.3:
Supported Ionic Liquids / 5.2.2.4:
Catalysts for Tandem Isomerization and Dehydration of C5-C6 Sugars / 5.2.3:
Bifunctional Zeolites and Mesoporous Solid Acids / 5.2.3.1:
Metal Oxides, Sulfates, and Phosphates / 5.2.3.2:
Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of C5-C6 Sugars / 5.2.3.3:
Ni Catalysts / 5.2.4.1:
Ru Catalysts / 5.2.4.2:
Pt Catalysts / 5.2.4.3:
Other Hydrogenation Catalysts / 5.2.4.4:
Hydrogenolysis Catalysts / 5.2.5:
Other Reactions / 5.2.6:
Conclusions and Future Perspectives / 5.3:
Chemistry of C-C Bond Formation Reactions Used in Biomass Upgrading: Reaction Mechanisms, Site Requirements, and Catalytic Materials / Tuong V. Bui and Nhung Duong and Felipe Anaya and Duong Ngo and Gap Warakunwit and Daniel E. Resasco6:
Mechanisms and Site Requirements of C-C Coupling Reactions / 6.1:
Aldol Condensation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.1:
Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation / 6.2.1.1:
Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.1.2:
Alkylation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.2:
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Alkylation Mechanism / 6.2.2.1:
Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Alkylation Mechanism / 6.2.2.2:
Base-Catalyzed Alkylation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.2.3:
Hydroxyalkylation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.3:
Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Mechanism / 6.2.3.1:
Site Requirement / 6.2.3.2:
Acylation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.4:
Mechanistic Aspects of Acylation Reactions / 6.2.4.1:
Role of Brønsted vs. Lewis Acid in Acylation Over Zeolites / 6.2.4.2:
Ketonization: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.5:
Mechanism of Surface Ketonization / 6.2.5.1:
Optimization and Design of Catalytic Materials for C-C Bond Forming Reactions / 6.2.5.2:
Oxides / 6.3.1:
Magnesia (MgO) / 6.3.1.1:
Zirconia (ZrO2) / 6.3.1.2:
ZSM-5 / 6.3.2:
HY / 6.3.2.2:
HBEA / 6.3.2.3:
Downstream Conversion of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates to Fine Chemicals / Michèle Besson and Stéphane Loridant and Noémie Perret and Catherine Pinel7:
Selective Catalytic Oxidation / 7.1:
Catalytic Oxidation of Glycerol / 7.2.1:
Glycerol to Glyceric Acid (GLYAC) / 7.2.2.1:
Glycerol to Tartronic Acid (TARAC) / 7.2.2.2:
Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) / 7.2.2.3:
Glycerol to Mesoxalic Acid (MESAC) / 7.2.2.4:
Glycerol to Glycolic Acid (GLYCAC) / 7.2.2.5:
Glycerol to Lactic Acid (LAC) / 7.2.2.6:
Oxidation of 5-HydroxymethylfurfuraI (HMF) / 7.2.3:
HMF to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) / 7.2.3.1:
HMF to 2,5-Diformylfuran (DFF) / 7.2.3.2:
HMF to 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic Acid (HMFCA) or 5-Formyl-2-furancarboxylic Acid (FFCA) / 7.2.3.3:
Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis / 7.3:
Hydrogenolysis of Polyols / 7.3.1:
Hydrodeoxygenation of Polyols / 7.3.2.1:
C-C Hydrogenolysis of Polyols / 7.3.2.2:
Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids / 7.3.3:
Levulinic Acid / 7.3.3.1:
Succinic Acid / 7.3.3.2:
Selective Hydrogenation of Furanic Compounds / 7.3.4:
Reductive Amination of Acids and Furans / 7.3.5:
Catalyst Design for the Dehydration of Biosourced Molecules / 7.4:
Glycerol to Acrolein / 7.4.1:
Lactic Acid to Acrylic Acid / 7.4.3:
Sorbitol to Isosorbide / 7.4.4:
Conclusions and Outlook / 7.5:
Conversion of Lignin to Value-added Chemicals via Oxidative Depolymerization / Justin K. Mobley8:
Cautionary Statements / 8.1:
Catalytic Systems for the Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin / 8.2:
Enzymes and Bio-mimetic Catalysts / 8.2.1:
Cobalt Schiff Base Catalysts / 8.2.2:
Vanadium Catalysts / 8.2.3:
Methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) Catalysts / 8.2.4:
Commercial Products from Lignin / 8.3:
Stepwise Depolymerization of ß-O-4 Linkages / 8.4:
Benzylic Oxidation / 8.4.1:
Secondary Depolymerization / 8.4.2:
Heterogeneous Catalysts for Lignin Depolymerization / 8.5:
Outlook / 8.6:
Lignin Valorization via Reductive Depolymerization / Yang (Vanessa) Song9:
Late-stage Reductive Lignin Depolymerization / 9.1:
Mild Hydroprocessing / 9.2.1:
Harsh Hydroprocessing / 9.2.2:
Bifunctional Hydroprocessing / 9.2.3:
Liquid Phase Reforming / 9.2.4:
Reductive Lignin Depolymerization Using Hydrosilanes, Zinc, and Sodium / 9.2.5:
Reductive Catalytic Fractionation (RCF) / 9.3:
Reaction Conditions / 9.3.1:
Lignocellulose Source / 9.3.2:
Applied Catalyst / 9.3.3:
Acknowledgment / 9.4:
Conversion of Lipids to Biodiesel via Esterification and Transesterification / Amin Talebian-Kiakalaieh and Amin Nor Aishah Saidina10:
Different Feedstocks tor Biodiesel Production / 10.1:
Biodiesel Production / 10.3:
Algal Bio diesel Production / 10.3.1:
Nutrients for Microalgae Growth / 10.3.1.1:
Microalgae Cultivation System / 10.3.1.2:
Harvesting / 10.3.1.3:
Drying / 10.3.1.4:
Lipid Extraction / 10.3.1.5:
Catalytic Transesterification / 10.4:
Homogeneous Catalysts / 10.4.1:
Alkali Catalysts / 10.4.1.1:
Acid Catalysts / 10.4.1.2:
Two-step Esterification-Transesterification Reactions / 10.4.1.3:
Heterogeneous Catalysts / 10.4.2:
Solid Acid Catalysts / 10.4.2.1:
Solid Base Catalysts / 10.4.2.2:
Enzyme-Catalyzed Transesterification Reactions / 10.4.3:
Supercritical Transesterification Processes / 10.5:
Alternative Processes for Biodiesel Production / 10.6:
Ultrasonic Processes / 10.6.1:
Microwave-Assisted Processes / 10.6.2:
Summary / 10.7:
Upgrading of Lipids to Hydrocarbon Fuels via (Hydro)deoxygenation / David Kubicka11:
Feedstocks / 11.1:
Chemistry / 11.3:
Technologies / 11.4:
Sulfided Catalysts / 11.5:
Metallic Catalysts / 11.5.2:
Metal Carbide, Nitride, and Phosphide Catalysts / 11.5.3:
Upgrading of Lipids to Fuel-like Hydrocarbons and Terminal Olefins via Decarbonylation/Decarboxylation / Ryan Loe and Eduardo Santillan-Jimenez and Mark Crocker11.6:
Lipid Feeds / 12.1:
deCOx Catalysts: Active Phases / 12.3:
deCOx Catalysts: Support Materials / 12.4:
Reaction Mechanism / 12.5:
Catalyst Deactivation / 12.7:
Conversion of Terpenes to Chemicals and Related Products / Anne E. Harman-Ware12.8:
Terpene Biosynthesis and Structure / 13.1:
Sources of Terpenes / 13.3:
Conifers and Other Trees / 13.3.1:
Essential Oils and Other Extracts / 13.3.2:
Isolation of Terpenes / 13.4:
Tapping and Extraction / 13.4.1:
Terpenes as a By-product of Pulping Processes / 13.4.2:
Historical Uses of Raw Terpenes / 13.5:
Adhesives and Turpentine / 13.5.1:
Flavors, Fragrances, Therapeutics, and Pharmaceutical Applications / 13.5.2:
Catalytic Methods for Conversion of Terpenes to Fine Chemicals and Materials / 13.6:
Homogeneous Processes / 13.6.1:
Hydration and Oxidation Reactions / 13.6.1.1:
Homogeneous Catalysis for the Epoxidation of Monoterpenes / 13.6.1.2:
Isomerizations / 13.6.1.3:
Production of Terpene Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides / 13.6.1.4:
Polymers and Other Materials from Terpenes / 13.6.1.5:
"Click Chemistry" Routes for the Production of Materials and Medicinal Compounds from Terpenes / 13.6.1.6:
Heterogeneous Processes / 13.6.2:
Isomerization and Hydration of ¿-Pinene / 13.6.2.1:
Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Epoxidation of Monoterpenes / 13.6.2.2:
Isomerization of ¿-Pinene Oxide / 13.6.2.3:
Vitamins from Terpenes / 13.6.2.4:
Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation Reactions of Terpenes / 13.6.2.5:
Conversion of Terpenes to Fuels / 13.6.2.6:
Conversion of Chitin to Nitrogen-containing Chemicals / Xi Chen and Ning Yan14:
Waste Shell Biorefinery / 14.1:
Production of Amines and Amides from Chitin Biomass / 14.2:
Sugar Amines/Amides / 14.2.1:
Furanic Amines/Amides / 14.2.2:
Polyol Amines/Amides / 14.2.3:
Production of N-heterocyclic Compounds from Chitin Biomass / 14.3:
Production of Carbohydrates and Acetic Acid from Chitin Biomass / 14.4:
Production of Advanced Products from Chitin Biomass / 14.5:
Conclusion / 14.6:
Index / Eduardo Santillan-Jimenez and Mark Crocker15:
Preface
Upgrading of Biomass via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) / Charles A. Mullen1:
Introduction / 1.1:
3.

図書

図書
Roel Prins ... [et al]
出版情報: Hackensack, New Jersey : World Scientific, c2022  xviii, 392 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Advanced textbooks in chemistry
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Preface
About the Authors
Introduction / 1:
Catalysis and Catalysts / 1.1:
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis / 1.2:
Production of Ammonia / 1.3:
Kinetics and Thermodynamics / 1.3.1:
Activity, Selectivity and Stability / 1.3.2:
H2 Production / 1.3.3:
Ammonia Synthesis / 1.3.4:
Relevance of Catalysis / 1.4:
References
Questions
Catalyst Preparation and Characterisation / 2:
Supported Catalysts / 2.1:
Crystal Structures / 2.2:
Crystal Lattices / 2.2.1:
X-ray Diffraction / 2.2.2:
Aluminas / 2.3:
Aluminium Hydroxides and Oxyhydroxides / 2.3.1:
Transition Aluminas / 2.3.2:
¿-Al2O3 / 2.3.3:
Surface of ¿-Al2O3 / 2.3.4:
Lewis acid sites / 2.3.5.1:
Brønsted acid sites / 2.3.5.2:
Surface reconstruction / 2.3.5.3:
Silica / 2.4:
Preparation of Supported Catalysts / 2.5:
Adsorption / 3:
Physisorption / 3.1:
Adsorption on Surfaces / 3.1.1:
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm / 3.1.2:
Multilayer Adsorption, BET / 3.1.3:
Surface Diffusion / 3.2:
Chemisorption / 3.3:
Chemical Bonding / 3.3.1:
Dissociative Chemisorption / 3.3.2:
Kinetics / 4:
Langmuir-Hinshelwood Model / 4.1:
Monomolecular Reaction / 4.1.1:
Surface reaction is rate-determining / 4.1.1.1:
Adsorption of the reactant or product is rate-determining / 4.1.1.2:
Bimolecular Reaction / 4.1.2:
Influence of Diffusion / 4.2:
Bifunctional Catalysis / 4.3:
Metal Surfaces / 5:
Surface Structures / 5.1:
Surface Analysis / 5.2:
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy / 5.2.1:
Auger Electron Spectroscopy / 5.2.2:
Surface Sensitivity / 5.2.3:
Surface Enrichment / 5.3:
Metal Binding / 5.4:
Metal Catalysis / 6:
Dissociation of H2 / 6.1:
Hydrogenation of Ethene / 6.2:
Synthesis of CO and H2 / 6.3:
Hydrogenation of CO / 6.4:
CO Hydrogenation to Hydrocarbons / 6.4.1:
CO dissociation / 6.4.1.1:
Methanation / 6.4.1.2:
Fischer-Tropsch reaction / 6.4.1.3:
Hydrogenation of CO and CO2 to Methanol / 6.4.2:
CO hydrogenation to methanol / 6.4.2.1:
CO2 hydrogenation to methanol / 6.4.2.2:
Hydrogenation of N2 to Ammonia / 6.5:
Fe Catalyst / 6.5.1:
Ru Catalyst / 6.5.2:
Volcano Curves / 6.6:
Catalysis by Solid Acids / 7:
Solid Acid Catalysts / 7.1:
Zeolites / 7.1.1:
Amorphous Silica-Alumina / 7.1.2:
Reactions of Hydrocarbons / 7.2:
Reactions of Alkenes and Alkanes / 7.2.1:
Isomerisation of Pentane, Hexane and Butene / 7.2.2:
Alcohols from Alkenes / 7.3:
Alkylation of Aromatics / 7.4:
Ethylation and Propylation of Benzene / 7.4.1:
Methylation of Toluene / 7.4.2:
Isomerisation, Disproportionation, Transalkylation / 7.4.3:
Gasoline Production / 7.5:
Fluid Catalytic Cracking and Hydrocracking / 7.5.1:
Methanol to Hydrocarbons / 7.5.2:
Reforming of Hydrocarbons by Bifunctional Catalysis / 7.5.3:
Cleaning of Fuels by Hydrotreating / 8:
Hydrotreating / 8.1:
Hydrotreating Catalysts / 8.2:
Metal Sulfides / 8.2.1:
Structure of sulfided Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Ni-Mo/Al2O3 / 8.2.1.1:
Active sites / 8.2.1.2:
Metal Phosphides / 8.2.2:
Reaction Mechanisms / 8.3:
Hydro desulfurisation / 8.3.1:
Hydrodenitrogenation / 8.3.2:
Hydrodeoxygenation / 8.3.3:
Hydrotreating of Mixtures / 8.3.4:
Hydrotreating Processes / 8.4:
Hydrodesulfurisation of Naphtha / 8.4.1:
Hydrotreating of Diesel / 8.4.2:
Residue Hydro conversion / 8.4.3:
Oxidation Catalysis / 9:
CO Oxidation / 9.1:
Mechanism / 9.1.1:
Three-way Catalysis / 9.1.2:
Production of Sulfuric and Nitric Acid / 9.2:
Sulfuric Acid / 9.2.1:
Nitric Acid / 9.2.2:
Selective Catalytic Reduction / 9.2.3:
Oxidation of Hydrocarbons / 9.3:
Oxidation by Oxygen / 9.3.1:
Oxidation by Hydroperoxide / 9.3.2:
Selective Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons / 9.3.3:
Oxidation of propene to acrylic acid and acrylonitrile / 9.3.3.1:
Oxidation of C4 and C6 molecules / 9.3.3.2:
Platform Chemicals / 9.4:
Electrocatalysis / 10:
Fundamental Aspects / 10.1:
Electrochemical Cells / 10.2.1:
Cell and Electrode Potentials / 10.2.2:
The Nernst Equation / 10.2.3:
Overpotential / 10.2.4:
Electrode Kinetics / 10.2.5:
Experimental Methods and Techniques / 10.3:
Three-Electrode Cell Configuration / 10.3.1:
Techniques for Electrocatalyst Evaluation / 10.3.2:
Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Cyclic Voltammetry / 10.3.3:
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy / 10.3.4:
Rotating Disc Electrode / 10.3.5:
The Electro chemically Active Surface Area / 10.3.6:
Electrocatalysis for the Production of Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals / 10.4:
Development of Electrocatalysts / 10.4.1:
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction / 10.4.2:
Oxygen Evolution Reaction / 10.4.3:
CO2 Electroreduction / 10.4.4:
Other Electrochemical Processes / 10.4.5:
Answers
Index
Preface
About the Authors
Introduction / 1:
4.

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EB
Felix. Bieker
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2023
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5.

図書

図書
Jesse M. Kinder and Philip Nelson
出版情報: Princeton : Princeton University Press, c2021  xiii, 223 p. ; 26 cm
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Let's Go
Getting Started with Python / 1:
Algorithms and algorithmic thinking / 1.1:
Algorithmic thinking / 1.1.1:
States / 1.1.2:
What does a = a + 1 mean? / 1.1.3:
Symbolic versus numerical / 1.1.4:
Launch Python / 1.2:
IPython console / 1.2.1:
Error messages / 1.2.2:
Sources of help / 1.2.3:
Good practice: Keep a log / 1.2.4:
Python modules / 1.3:
Import / 1.3.1:
From … import / 1.3.2:
NumPy and PyPlot / 1.3.3:
Python expressions / 1.4:
Numbers / 1.4.1:
Arithmetic operations and predefined functions / 1.4.2:
Good practice: Variable names / 1.4.3:
More about functions / 1.4.4:
Organizing Data / 2:
Objects and their methods / 2.1:
Lists, tuples, and arrays / 2.2:
Creating a list or tuple / 2.2.1:
NumPy arrays / 2.2.2:
Filling an array with values / 2.2.3:
Concatenation of arrays / 2.2.4:
Accessing array elements / 2.2.5:
Arrays and assignments / 2.2.6:
Slicing / 2.2.7:
Flattening an array / 2.2.8:
Reshaping an array / 2.2.9:
T2 Lists and arrays as indices / 2.2.10:
Strings / 2.3:
Raw strings / 2.3.1:
Formatting strings with the format () method / 2.3.2:
T2 Formatting strings with % / 2.3.3:
Structure and Control / 3:
Loops / 3.1:
For loops / 3.1.1:
While loops / 3.1.2:
Very long loops / 3.1.3:
Infinite loops / 3.1.4:
Array operations / 3.2:
Vectorizing math / 3.2.1:
Matrix math / 3.2.2:
Reducing an array / 3.2.3:
Scripts / 3.3:
The Editor / 3.3.1:
T2 Other editors / 3.3.2:
First steps to debugging / 3.3.3:
Good practice: Commenting / 3.3.4:
Good practice: Using named parameters / 3.3.5:
Good practice: Units / 3.3.6:
Contingent behavior: Branching / 3.4:
The if statement / 3.4.1:
Testing equality of floats / 3.4.2:
Nesting / 3.5:
Data In, Results Out / 4:
Importing data / 4.1:
Obtaining data / 4.1.1:
Bringing data into Python / 4.1.2:
Exporting data / 4.2:
Data files / 4.2.1:
Visualizing data / 4.3:
The plot command and its relatives / 4.3.1:
Log axes / 4.3.2:
Manipulate and embellish / 4.3.3:
Replacing curves / 4.3.4:
T2 More about figures and their axes / 4.3.5:
T2 Error bars / 4.3.6:
3D graphs / 4.3.7:
Multiple plots / 4.3.8:
Subplots / 4.3.9:
Saving figures / 4.3.10:
T2 Using figures in other applications / 4.3.11:
First Computer Lab / 5:
HIV example / 5.1:
Explore the model / 5.1.1:
Fit experimental data / 5.1.2:
Bacterial example / 5.2:
Random Number Generation and Numerical Methods / 5.2.1:
Writing your own functions / 6.1:
Defining functions in Python / 6.1.1:
Updating functions / 6.1.2:
Arguments, keywords, and defaults / 6.1.3:
Return values / 6.1.4:
Functional programming / 6.1.5:
Random numbers and simulation / 6.2:
Simulating coin flips / 6.2.1:
Generating trajectories / 6.2.2:
Histograms and bar graphs / 6.3:
Creating histograms / 6.3.1:
Finer control / 6.3.2:
Contour plots, surface plots, and heat maps / 6.4:
Generating a grid of points / 6.4.1:
Contour plots / 6.4.2:
Surface plots / 6.4.3:
Heat maps / 6.4.4:
Numerical solution of nonlinear equations / 6.5:
General real functions / 6.5.1:
Complex roots of polynomials / 6.5.2:
Solving systems of linear equations / 6.6:
Numerical integration / 6.7:
Integrating a predefined function / 6.7.1:
Integrating your own function / 6.7.2:
Oscillatory integrands / 6.7.3:
T2 Parameter dependence / 6.7.4:
Numerical solution of differential equations / 6.8:
Reformulating the problem / 6.8.1:
Solving an ODE / 6.8.2:
Other ODE solvers / 6.8.3:
Vector fields and streamlines / 6.9:
Vector fields / 6.9.1:
Streamlines / 6.9.2:
Second Computer Lab / 7:
Generating and plotting trajectories / 7.1:
Plotting the displacement distribution / 7.2:
Rare events / 7.3:
The Poisson distribution / 7.3.1:
Waiting times / 7.3.2:
Images and Animation / 8:
Image processing / 8.1:
Images as NumPy arrays / 8.1.1:
Saving and displaying images / 8.1.2:
Manipulating images / 8.1.3:
Displaying data as an image / 8.2:
Animation / 8.3:
Creating animations / 8.3.1:
Saving animations / 8.3.2:
HTML movies
T2 Using an encoder
Conclusion / 8.3.3:
Third Computer Lab / 9:
Convolution / 9.1:
Python tools for image processing / 9.1.1:
Averaging / 9.1.2:
Smoothing with a Gaussian / 9.1.3:
Denoising an image / 9.2:
Emphasizing features / 9.3:
T2 Image files and arrays / 9.4:
Advanced Techniques / 10:
Dictionaries and generators / 10.1:
Dictionaries / 10.1.1:
Special function arguments / 10.1.2:
List comprehensions and generators / 10.1.3:
Tools for data science / 10.2:
Series and data frames with pandas / 10.2.1:
Machine learning with scikit-learn / 10.2.2:
Next steps / 10.2.3:
Symbolic computing / 10.3:
Wolfram Alpha / 10.3.1:
The SymPy library / 10.3.2:
Other alternatives / 10.3.3:
First passage revisited / 10.3.4:
Writing your own classes / 10.4:
A random walk class / 10.4.1:
When to use classes / 10.4.2:
Get Going
Installing Python / A:
Install Python and Spyder / A.1:
Graphical installation / A.1.1:
Command line installation / A.1.2:
Setting up Spyder / A.2:
Working directory / A.2.1:
Interactive graphics / A.2.2:
Script template / A.2.3:
Restart / A.2.4:
Keeping up to date / A.3:
Installing FFmpeg / A.4:
Installing ImageMagick / A.5:
Command Line Tools / B:
The command line / B.1:
Navigating your file system / B.1.1:
Creating, renaming, moving, and removing files / B.1.2:
Creating and removing directories / B.1.3:
Python and Conda / B.1.4:
Text editors / B.2:
Version control / B.3:
How Git works / B.3.1:
Installing and using Git / B.3.2:
Tracking changes and synchronizing repositories / B.3.3:
Summary of useful workflows / B.3.4:
Troubleshooting / B.3.5:
Jupyter Notebooks / B.4:
Getting started / C.1:
Launch Jupyter Notebooks / C.1.1:
Open a notebook / C.1.2:
Multiple notebooks / C.1.3:
Quitting Jupyter / C.1.4:
T2 Setting the default directory / C.1.5:
Cells / C.2:
Code cells / C.2.1:
Graphics / C.2.2:
Markdown cells / C.2.3:
Edit mode and command mode / C.2.4:
Sharing / C.3:
More details / C.4:
Pros and cons / C.5:
Errors and Error Messages / D:
Python errors in general / D.1:
Some common errors / D.2:
Python 2 versus Python 3 / E:
Division / E.1:
Print command / E.2:
User input / E.3:
More assistance / E.4:
Under the Hood / F:
Assignment statements / F.1:
Memory management / F.2:
Functions / F.3:
Scope / F.4:
Name collisions / F.4.1:
Variables passed as arguments / F.4.2:
Summary / F.5:
Answers to "Your Turn" Questions / G:
Acknowledgments
Recommended Reading
Index
Let's Go
Getting Started with Python / 1:
Algorithms and algorithmic thinking / 1.1:
6.

電子ブック

EB
出版情報: AIP Conference Proceedings (American Institute of Physics) , AIP Publishing, 2021
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7.

電子ブック

EB
出版情報: AIP Conference Proceedings (American Institute of Physics) , AIP Publishing, 2021
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8.

電子ブック

EB
A. J. Larner
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2022
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9.

電子ブック

EB
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2022
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10.

電子ブック

EB
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2022
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11.

電子ブック

EB
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2022
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12.

電子ブック

EB
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2022
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13.

電子ブック

EB
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2023
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14.

電子ブック

EB
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2024
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15.

図書

図書
E2S2-CREATE and AIChE Waste Management Conference ; American Institute of Chemical Engineers ; E2S2-CREATE
出版情報: New York : AIChE , Red Hook, NY : Printed from e-media with permission by Curran Associates, 2021, c2019  62 p. ; 28 cm
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電子ブック

EB
Burg
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021
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Foreword
Acknowledgments
Bacterial Infections / 1:
Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Infections / 1.1:
Impetigo Contagiosa / 1.1.1:
Ostiofolliculitis (Bockardt) / 1.1.2:
Pseudomonas (Gram-Negative) Folliculitis (Whirlpool/Hot Tub Dermatitis) / 1.1.3:
Perianal Streptococcal Dermatitis / 1.1.4:
Differential Diagnosis: Acne Papulopustulosa / 1.1.5:
Differential Diagnosis: Pseudofolliculitis Barbae / 1.1.6:
Ecthyma Gangrenosum / 1.1.7:
Abscess / 1.1.8:
Furuncle / 1.1.9:
Carbuncle / 1.1.10:
Erysipelas (Cellulitis) / 1.1.11:
Phlegmon / 1.1.12:
Necrotizing Fasciitis (Streptococcal Gangrene)o / 1.1.13:
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa) / 1.1.14:
Other Bacterial Infections: Corynebacteria / 1.2:
Erythrasma / 1.2.1:
Pitted Keratolysis (Keratoma Sulcatum) / 1.2.2:
Trichobacteriosis (Trichomycosis) Palmellina / 1.2.3:
Erysipeloid / 1.2.4:
Anthrax / 1.2.5:
Nocardiosis / 1.2.6:
Rhinoscleroma / 1.2.7:
Rochalimaea/Bartonellae / 1.3:
Bacillary Angiomatosis and Cat Scratch Disease / 1.3.1:
Verruga Peruana / 1.3.2:
Differential Diagnosis: Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma; Botryomycosis) / 1.3.3:
Mycobacterial Infections / 1.4:
Tuberculosis Cutis / 1.4.1:
Primary Tuberculosis of the Skin / 1.4.1.1:
BCG Vaccination Granuloma / 1.4.1.2:
Differential Diagnosis: Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei (LMDF) / 1.4.1.3:
Lupus Vulgaris (LV) / 1.4.1.4:
Variant: Tuberculosis (Lupus) Cutis Verrucosa / 1.4.1.5:
Variant: Tuberculosis Cutis Colliquativa (Scrofuloderma) / 1.4.1.6:
Lichen Scrofulosorum (Tuberculosis Cutis Lichenoides) / 1.4.1.7:
Papulonecrotic Tuberculid / 1.4.1.8:
Erythema Induratum Bazin / 1.4.1.9:
Atypical Mycobacteriosis: Fish Tank (Swimming Pool) Granuloma / 1.4.2:
Leprosy (Hansen Disease) / 1.4.3:
Tuberculoid Leprosy / 1.4.3.1:
Borderline Leprosy / 1.4.3.2:
Lepromatous Leprosy / 1.4.3.3:
Variant: Histoid Lepromatous / 1.4.3.4:
Variant: Erythema Nodosum Leprosum / 1.4.3.5:
Buruli Ulcer / 1.4.4:
Actinomycosis / 1.5:
Borrelia Infections (Lyme Disease) / 1.6:
Variant: Erythema (Chronicum) Migrans (ECM) (Stage I) / 1.6.1:
Variant: Lymphadenosis Cutis Benigna (Pseudolymphoma, Lymphocytoma Cutis) (Stage I) / 1.6.2:
Variant: Morphea/Scleroderma-Like Lesions (Stage II) / 1.6.3:
Variant: Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans (Stage III) / 1.6.4:
Variant: Juxta-Articular Fibrous Nodules in Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans (Stage III) / 1.6.5:
Differential Diagnosis: Actinic Reticuloido / 1.6.6:
Venereal Diseases / 1.7:
Gonorrhea / 1.7.1:
Syphilis, Chancre / 1.7.2:
Stage I / 1.7.2.1:
Stage II / 1.7.2.2:
Stage IIIo / 1.7.2.3:
Ulcus Molle (Chancroid) / 1.7.3:
Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis; Granuloma Venereum) / 1.7.4:
Lymphogranuloma Inguinale (Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Duran-Nicolas-Favre Disease) / 1.7.5:
Rickettsial Infections / 1.8:
Dermatoses Associated with Bacterial Infections / 1.9:
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) / 1.9.1:
Differential Diagnosis: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) / 1.9.2:
Dermatoses Mimicking Bacterial Infections / 1.10:
Pyoderma Gangrenosum / 1.10.1:
Infantile Acropustulosis / 1.10.2:
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) / 1.10.3:
Psoriasis Pustulosa / 1.10.4:
Localized Neutrophilic Eccrine Hydradenitis Associated with Mitoxantrone Treatment / 1.10.5:
Erosive Pustular Dermatitis (Pustular Ulcerative Dermatosis) of the Scalp / 1.10.6:
Fungal Infections / 2:
Superficial Cutaneous Fungal Infections / 2.1:
Variants: Tinea Corporis: Tinea Faciei / 2.1.1:
Variants: Tinea Barbae; Tinea Capitis (Trichophytia) / 2.1.2:
Granuloma Trichophyticum (Majocchi's Granuloma) / 2.1.3:
Candidiasis (Moniliasis) / 2.1.4:
Candida Tropicalis and Candida Lipolytica / 2.1.5:
Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor / 2.1.6:
Variant: Malassezia (Pityrosporum) Folliculitis / 2.1.7:
Differential Diagnosis: Seborrheic Dermatitis / 2.1.8:
Tinea Nigra / 2.1.9:
Piedra (Trichomycosis Nodosa Alba and Nigra)o / 2.1.10:
Subcutaneous Mycoses / 2.2:
Sporotrichosis / 2.2.1:
Mycetoma (Madura Foot) / 2.2.2:
Chromo(blasto)mycosis (Dermatitis Verrucosa) / 2.2.3:
Systemic Mycoses (Deep Fungal Infections) / 2.3:
Cryptococcosis (Torulosis, European Blastomycosis) / 2.3.1:
North American Blastomycosis (Blastomycosis, Chicago Disease) / 2.3.2:
Lobomycosis (Lobo Disease, Keloidal Blastomycosis, Blastomycoid Granuloma) / 2.3.3:
Histoplasmosis / 2.3.4:
Coccidioidomycosis (Desert or Valley Fever, San Joaquin Fever) / 2.3.5:
Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis) / 2.3.6:
Emmonsiosis / 2.3.7:
Opportunistic Fungal Infections / 2.4:
Aspergillosis (Alternaria) / 2.4.1:
Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis; Phycomycosis) / 2.4.2:
Hyalohyphomycosis / 2.4.3:
Phaeohyphomycosis / 2.4.4:
Protothecosis, Cutaneous / 2.4.5:
Viral Infections / 3:
Herpes Viruses / 3.1:
Herpes Simplex (HSV-1, HSV-2) / 3.1.1:
Varizella/Zoster Virus (VZV/HHV-3) / 3.1.2:
Varicella (Chickenpox) / 3.1.2.1:
Herpes Zoster (Shingles) / 3.1.2.2:
Special Feature: Necrotizing (Herpes) Zoster Folliculitis / 3.1.2.3:
Special Feature: Zoster-Associated Vasculitis / 3.1.2.4:
Postherpetic Cutaneous Reactionso / 3.1.2.5:
Burkitt Lymphoma; Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4; EBV) / 3.1.3:
Hairy Leukoplakia (HHV-4; Epstein-Barr Virus; EBV) / 3.1.4:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV; HHV-5) / 3.1.5:
Exanthema Subitum (HHV-6) (Roseola Infantum, 6th Disease) / 3.1.6:
Pityriasis Rosea (HHV-7) / 3.1.7:
AIDS-Kaposi Sarcoma (HHV-8) / 3.1.8:
Multicentric Castleman's Disease (HHV-8) / 3.1.9:
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) / 3.2:
Verruca Vulgaris / 3.2.1:
Variant: Verrucae Planae / 3.2.2:
Variant: Condylomata Acuminata / 3.2.3:
Differential Diagnosis: Acrokeratosis Verruciformis (Hopf) / 3.2.4:
Bowenoid Papulosis / 3.2.5:
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis (Lewandowsky-Lutz); Verrucosis Generalisata / 3.2.6:
Viral Exanthema / 3.3:
Measles / 3.3.1:
Parvovirus Infections and Coxsackievirus Infections / 3.4:
Erythema Infectiosum; (Slapped Cheek Disease; Fifth Disease) / 3.4.1:
Papular Purpuric Gloves-and-Socks Syndrome / 3.4.2:
Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Coxsackie Virus) / 3.4.3:
Polyoma Virus Infections / 3.5:
Trichodysplasia Spinulosa / 3.5.1:
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin; Trabecular Carcinoma of Toker) / 3.5.2:
Poxviruses / 3.6:
Orthopox Virus Infections / 3.6.1:
Cowpox (Catpox) / 3.6.1.1:
Vaccinia Inoculata / 3.6.1.2:
Smallpox (Variola Vera) / 3.6.1.3:
Parapox Virus Infections / 3.6.2:
Ecthyma Contagiosum (Orf) / 3.6.2.1:
Variant: Milker's Nodule / 3.6.2.2:
Molluscum Contagiosum / 3.6.2.3:
Other Skin Diseases with Suspected Viral Association / 3.7:
Asymmetric Periflexural Exanthema of Childhood / 3.7.1:
Eruptive Pseudoangiomatosis / 3.7.2:
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome / 3.7.3:
Pityriasis Lichenoides / 3.7.4:
Parasitoses / 4:
Protozoan Diseases / 4.1:
Leishmaniasis / 4.1.1:
Variant: Leishmaniasis Mexicana / 4.1.2:
Amebiasis: Entamoeba Histolytica / 4.1.3:
Rhinosporidiosis / 4.1.4:
Arthropod: Arachnids / 4.2:
Mites / 4.2.1:
Demodex Folliculorum / 4.2.1.1:
Scabies / 4.2.1.2:
Variant: Scabies Crustosa / 4.2.1.3:
Trombidiosis (Harvest Mites; Chigger Itch) / 4.2.1.4:
Spiderso / 4.2.2:
Tickso / 4.2.3:
Insects / 4.2.4:
Tungiasis (Sand Flea) / 4.2.5:
Helminthic Infections (Parasitic Worms) / 5:
Larva Migrans (Plumber's Itch; Creeping Eruption) / 5.1:
Filariasis / 5.2:
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) / 5.3:
Cysticercosis / 5.4:
Sparganosis / 5.5:
Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis) / 5.6:
Cercarial Dermatitis (Swimmer's Itch) / 5.7:
Annelida (Ringed Worms; Segmented Worms)o / 5.8:
Hirudinea (Leeches) / 5.9:
SEPSIS / 6:
Septic Vasculitis / 6.1:
Bacterial Sepsis / 6.2:
Gonococcal Sepsis / 6.2.1:
Fungal Sepsis / 6.3:
Variant: Penicillium Marinum Sepsis / 6.3.1:
Variant: Candida Sepsis / 6.3.2:
Variant: Aspergillus Sepsis / 6.3.3:
Index
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Bacterial Infections / 1:
17.

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Ancheyta
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About the Editor
Notes on Contributors
Preface
Experimental Setups for Hydrotreating of Petroleum Fractions / Jorge Ancheyta1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Type of Operation / 1.2:
Selection of the Reactor / 1.3:
Experimental Considerations for the Operation of the Laboratory Reactor / 1.4:
Considerations for Experimental Reactor Configuration / 1.5:
Configuration for Batch and Semi-batch Operation Modes / 1.5.1:
Configuration for Continuous Operation / 1.5.2:
Analysis of Products / 1.6:
Gases / 1.6.1:
Liquids / 1.6.2:
Conclusions / 1.7:
References
Experimentation in Glass Reactors with Model Compounds / Mohan S. Rana and Pablo Torres-Mancera and Jorge Ancheyta2:
Glass Microreactor Design and Experimentation / 2.1:
Experimental Setup for Catalyst Evaluation / 2.2.1:
Measurement of Gas Flow / 2.2.2:
Control of Gas Flow / 2.2.3:
Determination of the Molar Concentration of Model Molecules Before Reaction / 2.2.4:
Calculation of Partial Pressure of Thiophene under Given Conditions / 2.2.5:
Reactor and Furnace Section / 2.2.6:
Heating Lines (After the Reactor) / 2.2.7:
Analysis (FID and TCD) / 2.2.8:
Basic Concepts of the Reactor / 2.3:
Reactor Model Considerations / 2.3.1:
Diffusion Limitations (Heat and Mass Transfer) / 2.3.2:
Experimental Procedure for HDS Thiophene Testing at Atmospheric Pressure / 2.3.3:
Model Compound Testing Focused on Support Properties / 2.4:
Model Compounds Hydrotreating Setup / 2.5:
Catalyst Activation / 2.5.1:
Thiophene HDS / 2.5.2:
Catalyst Composition and its Role in Catalytic Activity / 2.6:
Chemisoiption and Measurement of Catalytic Site Experiments / 2.7:
Experimental Technology / 2.7.1:
LTOC Experiments / 2.7.2:
Relation Between Activity and Characterization / 2.8:
Calculation of the Kinetics Rate and Intrinsic Activity / 2.9:
Additional Data for Catalytic Activity in a Glass Reactor / 2.10:
Experimentation with Model Molecules in Batch Reactors / Pablo Torres-Mancera and Patricia Rayo and Jorge Ancheyta2.11:
Considerations in Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions / 3.1:
Integral Method / 3.2.1:
Differential Method / 3.2.2:
Effect of Temperature / 3.2.3:
Mass Transfer Effects / 3.2.4:
Catalytic Reaction Running Methodology / 3.3:
Catalyst Particle Size / 3.3.1:
Sulfiding Step / 3.3.2:
Reaction Test / 3.3.3:
Analysis of the Reaction Samples / 3.3.4:
Example of HDS of a Model Compound / 3.4:
Reaction / 3.4.1:
Analysis of Reaction Samples / 3.4.2:
Catalytic Activity / 3.4.3:
Reaction Network / 3.4.4:
Product Distribution / 3.4.5:
Selectivity Analysis / 3.4.6:
Deep Kinetic Analysis / 3.4.7:
Analysis of Mass Transfer Effects / 3.4.8:
Experimentation in Batch Reactors with Petroleum Distillates / Gustavo Marroquín and José A.D. Muñoz and Jorge Ancheyta3.5:
Batch Reactors / 4.1:
Main Features / 4.2.1:
Use of Batch Reactors for Hydrotreating / 4.2.2:
Modes of Operation / 4.2.3:
Data Collection / 4.2.4:
Analysis of Experimental Data / 4.2.5:
Profiles in the Reactor / 4.2.6:
Experimental Study to Determine the Effectiveness Factors of Catalysts Using Petroleum Distillate / 4.3:
Experimental / 4.3.1:
Results and Discussion / 4.3.2:
Activation Energies of Petroleum Distillates During HDS Reactions / 4.4:
Effect of Feed Properties on Kinetic Parameters / 4.4.1:
Experimentation with Heavy Oil in Batch Reactors / Samir K. Maity and Guilltermo Centeno and Jorge Ancheyta4.5:
Catalysts Used in Batch Reactors / 5.1:
Preparation of Supports / 5.2.1:
Preparation of Catalysts by Impregnation / 5.2.2:
Activation of Hydrotreating Catalysts / 5.3:
Experimental Setup for a Batch Reactor / 5.4:
Loading of Feed into the Batch Reactor / 5.4.1:
Catalyst Transfer to the Batch Reactor / 5.4.2:
Preparation of Experimental Setup and Leak Test / 5.4.3:
Pressuring Reactor with Hydrogen Gas / 5.4.4:
Test Run / 5.4.5:
Sample Withdraw During Runs at Different Time Intervals / 5.4.6:
Gas Sample Analysis / 5.4.7:
Separation of Solid Catalyst from the Liquid Sample / 5.4.8:
Cleaning of Solid Catalyst from Coke and Trapped Liquid / 5.4.9:
Analysis of Liquid Sample / 5.4.10:
Analysis of Coke and Used Catalyst / 5.4.11:
Cleaning the Reactor for the Next Experiment / 5.4.12:
Some Results Obtained in Batch Reactors / 5.5:
Measurement of Product Distribution by TGA / 5.5.1:
Effect of Operating Conditions on Hydrotreating Activities / 5.5.2:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Batch Reactors / 5.6:
Advantages / 5.6.1:
Disadvantages / 5.6.2:
Experimentation in Small-scale Continuous Fixed-bed Tubular Reactors / Patricia Rayo and Fernando Alonso and Jorge Ancheyta5.7:
Experimental Setup / 6.1:
Small-scale Unit / 6.2.1:
Catalyst Loading / 6.2.2:
Unloading of Catalyst / 6.2.3:
Characterization of Feed and Liquid Products / 6.2.5:
Characterization of Supports, and Fresh and Spent Catalysts / 6.2.6:
Effect of Diluent Composition / 6.3:
Effect of Support / 6.3.1:
Synthesis of Supports / 6.4.1:
Effect of Support Modification / 6.4.2:
Effect of the Additive Incorporation Method / 6.5.1:
Feed and Synthesis of Supports and Catalysts / 6.6.1:
Effect of the Incorporation Method of Ti / 6.6.2:
Experimentation in Medium-scale Continuous Fixed-bed Tubular Reactors / Fernando Alonso and Gustavo Marroquín and Jorge Ancheyta6.7.1:
Description of Experimental Setup and Procedure / 7.1:
Feedstock and Characterization / 7.2.1:
Description of the Pilot Plant / 7.2.2:
Mass Transfer Limitations in TBRs / 7.3:
Materials / 7.3.1:
Catalyst and Activation Procedure / 7.3.2:
Reaction Conditions / 7.3.3:
Results / 7.3.4:
Hydrotreating of Heavy Crude Oil / 7.3.5:
Operating Conditions / 7.4.1:
Hydrodemetallization of Heavy Crude Oil with Ni-Mo/Alumina Catalysts / 7.4.3:
Hydrodesulfurization of Middle Distillates / 7.5.1:
Experimentation in Large-scale Continuous Fixed-bed Tubular Reactors / Guillermo Centeno and Luis C. Castañeda and Jorge Ancheyta7.6.1:
Description of the Pilot-plant Unit / 8.1:
Feedstock Section / 8.2.1:
Reaction Section / 8.2.2:
Separation Section / 8.2.3:
Gas Washing Section / 8.2.4:
Product Stabilization Section / 8.2.5:
Gas Measurement / 8.2.6:
Gas Sampling and Analyzer / 8.2.7:
HDT of Hydrocracked Residue obtained from a 16°API Crude Oil / 8.3:
Hydrotreating of Highly Aromatic Petroleum Distillates / 8.3.2:
Characterization of Spent Catalyst from Residue Hydrotreating / 8.3.3:
Reaction Kinetics for Hydrotreating of Residue / 8.3.4:
Nomenclature / 8.4:
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Superscripts
Experimentation in Large-scale Continuous Ebullated-bed Reactors / José A.D. Muñoz and Guillermo Centeno and Jorge Ancheyta9:
Characteristics of Ebullated Bed Reactors / 9.1:
Parts of an Ebullated Bed Reactor / 9.1.2:
Advantages and Disadvantages / 9.1.3:
Catalyst / 9.1.4:
Sediment Formation / 9.1.5:
EBR Experimental Unit / 9.2:
Catalyst Bed Expansion / 9.2.2:
Starting-up, Adjustment, and Stabilization of Conditions / 9.2.4:
Real Conversion and Yields / 9.2.6:
Effect of Pressure / 9.3.3:
Effect of Hydrogen Purity / 9.3.4:
Effect of LHSV / 9.3.5:
Hydrogen Consumption / 9.3.6:
Experimentation in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors / Luis C. Costañedo and José A.D. Muñoz and Jorge Ancheyta9.4:
Hydrocracking/Hydrotreating Experiments in CSTRs / 10.1:
Hydrocracking of an Atmospheric Residue (343 °C+) / 10.2.1:
Hydrocracking of an Atmospheric Residue (312 °C+) / 10.2.2:
Parallel Thermal and Catalytic Hydrotreating of Heavy Oil / 10.2.3:
Deactivation of a Hydrotreating Catalyst in a Bench-scale CSTR / 10.2.4:
Index / 10.3:
About the Editor
Notes on Contributors
Preface
18.

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EB
Dai, Dai
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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General Introduction: Smart Materials, Sensors, and Actuators / 1:
Smart System / 1.1:
Device Application of Ferroelectric Materials / 1.2:
Piezoelectric Device Applications / 1.2.1:
Infrared Sensor / 1.2.2:
Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) / 1.2.3:
Device Application of Ferromagnetic Materials / 1.3:
Spin-Transfer Torque Memory / 1.3.1:
Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Multiferroic Device / 1.3.2:
Ferroelastic Material and Device Application / 1.4:
Scope of This Book / 1.5:
References
Introduction to Ferroelectrics / 2:
What Is Ferroelectrics? / 2.1:
P-E Loop / 2.1.1:
Relationships Between Dielectric, Piezoelectric, Pyroelectric, and Ferroelectric / 2.1.2:
Ferroelectric-Dielectric / 2.1.2.1:
Ferroelectric-Piezoelectric / 2.1.2.2:
Ferroelectric-Pyroelectric / 2.1.2.3:
Origin of Ferroelectrics / 2.2:
Structure-Induced Phase Change from Paraelectric to Ferroelectric / 2.2.1:
Soft Phonon Mode / 2.2.2:
Theory of Ferroelectric Phase Transition / 2.3:
Landau Free Energy and Curie-Weiss Law / 2.3.1:
Landau Theory of First-Order Phase Transition / 2.3.2:
Landau Theory of a Second-Order Phase Transition / 2.3.3:
Ferroelectric Domains and Domain Switching / 2.4:
Domain Structure / 2.4.1:
Ferroelectric Switching / 2.4.2:
Ferroelectric Materials / 2.5:
From BaTiO3 to SrTiO3 / 2.5.1:
From PbTiO3 to PbZrO3 / 2.5.2:
Antiferroelectric PbZrO3 / 2.5.3:
Pb(Zrx Ti1-x)O3 (PZT) / 2.5.3.1:
Relaxor Ferroelectrics / 2.5.4:
Relaxor Ferroelectrics: PMN-xPT Single Crystal / 2.5.4.1:
Polar Nano Regions / 2.5.4.2:
Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB) of PMN-PT Crystal / 2.5.4.3:
Ferroelectric Domain and Phase Field Calculation / 2.6:
Device Applications of Ferroelectrics / 3:
Ferroelectric Random-Access Memory / 3.1:
Ferroelectric Tunneling Non-volatile Memory / 3.2:
Tunneling Models / 3.2.1:
Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Tunnel Junction / 3.2.2:
Ferroelectric Tunneling Memristor / 3.2.3:
Strain Modulation to Ferroelectric Memory / 3.2.4:
Pyroelectric Effect and Infrared Sensor Application / 3.3:
Pyroelectric Coefficient / 3.3.1:
Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor / 3.3.2:
Pyroelectric Figures of Merit / 3.3.3:
Application in Microwave Device / 3.4:
Ferroelectric Photovoltaics / 3.5:
Electro caloric Effect / 3.6:
Ferroelectric Characterizations / 4:
P-E Loop Measurement / 4.1:
Temperature-Dependent Dielectric Permittivity Measurement / 4.2:
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) / 4.3:
Imaging Mechanism of PFM / 4.3.1:
Out-of-plane Polarization (OPP) and In-plane Polarization (IPP) PFM / 4.3.2:
Electrostatic Force in PFM / 4.3.2.1:
Perspectives of PFM Technique / 4.3.2.2:
Structural Characterization / 4.4:
Domain Imaging and Polarization Mapping by Transmission Electron Microscopy / 4.5:
Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) / 4.5.1:
Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (CBED) for Tetragonality Measurement / 4.5.2:
Recent Advances in Ferroelectric Research / 5:
Size Limit of Ferroelectricity / 5.1:
Ferroelectricity in Emerging 2D Materials / 5.2:
Ferroelectric Vortex / 5.3:
Molecular Ferroelectrics / 5.4:
Ferroelectricity in HfO2 and ZrO2 Fluorite Oxide Thin Films / 5.5:
Ferroic Properties in Hybrid Perovskites / 5.6:
Piezoelectric Effect: Basic Theory / 6:
General Introduction to Piezoelectric Effect / 6.1:
Piezoelectric Constant Measurement / 6.2:
Piezoelectric Charge Constant / 6.2.1:
Piezoelectric Voltage Constant / 6.2.2:
Dielectric Permittivity / 6.2.3:
Young's Modulus (Elastic Stiffness) / 6.2.4:
Elastic Compliance / 6.2.5:
Electromechanical Coupling Factor / 6.2.6:
How to Measure Electromechanical Coupling Factor? / 6.2.6.1:
Equivalent Circuit / 6.3:
Characterization of Piezoelectric Resonator Based on a Resonance Technique / 6.4:
Length Extensional Mode of a Rod / 6.4.1:
Extensional Vibration Mode of a Long Plate / 6.4.2:
Thickness Shear Mode of a Thin Plate / 6.4.3:
Thickness Mode of a Thin Disc/Plate / 6.4.4:
Radial Mode in a Thin Disc / 6.4.5:
Mechanical Quality Factor / 6.4.6:
Piezoelectric Devices / 7:
Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers / 7.1:
Structure of Ultrasonic Transducers / 7.1.1:
Theoretical Models of Ultrasonic Transducer (KLM Model) / 7.1.2:
Characterization of Ultrasonic Transducers / 7.1.3:
Bandwidth (BW) / 7.1.3.1:
Sensitivity of the Transducer / 7.1.3.2:
Resolution / 7.1.3.3:
Types of Ultrasonic Transducers / 7.1.4:
Medical Application / 7.1.4.1:
Piezoelectric Film Application in Ultrasound Transducers / 7.1.5:
Challenges and Trend of Developing New Advanced Ultrasound Transducers / 7.1.6:
Ultrasonic Motor / 7.2:
Terminologies / 7.2.1:
Design of USM / 7.2.2:
Surface Acoustics Wave Devices / 7.3:
Interdigital Electrode in SAW Device / 7.3.1:
Acoustic Wave / 7.3.2:
Piezoelectric Property Considerations for SAW Devices / 7.3.3:
Characterization of SAW Devices / 7.3.4:
Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials / 7.3.5:
Ferromagnetics: From Material to Device / 8:
General Introduction to Ferromagnetics / 8.1:
Ferromagnetic Phase Transition: Landau Free-Energy Theory / 8.2:
Domain and Domain Wall / 8.3:
Magnetoresistance Effect and Device / 8.4:
Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) / 8.4.1:
Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) / 8.4.2:
Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) / 8.4.3:
Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR) / 8.4.4:
Spin-Transfer Torque Random-Access Memory (STT-RAM) / 8.4.4.1:
Magnetostrictive Effect and Device Applications / 8.5:
Magnetostrictive Properties of Terfenol-D / 8.5.1:
Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Transducer / 8.5.2:
Magnetoelastic Effect / 8.5.3:
Magnetomechanical Strain Gauge / 8.5.3.1:
Characterizations of Ferromagnetism / 8.6:
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) / 8.6.1:
Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) / 8.6.2:
Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) / 8.6.3:
Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) / 8.6.4:
Hall Effect / 8.7:
Ordinary Hall Effect / 8.7.1:
Anomalous Hall Effect / 8.7.2:
Spin Hall Effect / 8.7.3:
Multiferroics: Single Phase and Composites / 9:
Introduction on Multiferroic / 9.1:
Magnetoelectric Effect / 9.2:
Why Are There so Few Magnetic Ferroelectrics? / 9.3:
Single Phase Multiferroic Materials 200 / 9.4:
Switching Mechanism in BFO Films / 9.4.1:
ME Composite Materials / 9.5:
Modeling the Interfacial Coupling in Multilayered ME Thin Film / 9.6:
PZT/CFO Multilayered Heterostructures / 9.6.1:
Ferroelectric Properties of PZT/CFO Multilayers / 9.6.2:
Device Application of Multiferroics / 10:
ME Composite Devices / 10.1:
Effect of Preload Stress / 10.1.1:
Memory Devices Based on Multiferroic Thin Films / 10.2:
Memory Devices Based on Multiferroic Tunneling / 10.3:
Ferroelasticity and Shape Memory Alloy / 11:
Shape Memory Alloy / 11.1:
SMA Phase Change Mechanism / 11.1.1:
Nonlinearity in SMA / 11.1.2:
One-Way and Two-Way Shape Memory Effect / 11.1.3:
Superelastic Effect (SE) / 11.1.4:
Application Examples of SMAs / 11.1.5:
Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys / 11.2:
Formation of Twin Variants / 11.2.1:
Challenges for Ni-Mn-Ga SMA / 11.2.2:
Device Application of MSMA / 11.2.3:
Index
General Introduction: Smart Materials, Sensors, and Actuators / 1:
Smart System / 1.1:
Device Application of Ferroelectric Materials / 1.2:
19.

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EB
Ben Malisow
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Introduction
Domain 1: Cloud Concepts, Architecture, and Design / Chapter 1:
Domain 2: Cloud Data Security / Chapter 2:
Domain 3: Cloud Platform and Infrastructure Security / Chapter 3:
Domain 4: Cloud Application Security / Chapter 4:
Domain 5: Cloud Security Operations / Chapter 5:
Domain 6: Legal, Risk, and Compliance / Chapter 6:
Practice Exam 1 / Chapter 7:
Practice Exam 2 / Chapter 8:
Appendix Answers to Review Questions
Index
Introduction
Domain 1: Cloud Concepts, Architecture, and Design / Chapter 1:
Domain 2: Cloud Data Security / Chapter 2:
20.

電子ブック

EB
L???pez P???rez, Femat Ricardo, L?pez Ricardo Aguilar
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Preface
Overview of the Control and Monitoring of Bioprocesses and Mathematical Preliminaries / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Overview of the Control and Monitoring of Bioprocesses / 1.1:
Why Nonlinear Control in Bioprocesses? / 1.1.1:
Improvements to Bioprocesses Productivity / 1.2:
Cell Lines / 1.2.1:
Cell Culture Process General / 1.2.1.1:
Microorganism Growth Under Controlled Conditions / 1.2.2:
On the Environment for the Microorganism's Growth / 1.2.3:
Improving the Productivity for Specific Metabolic Products / 1.2.4:
Bioprocess Control / 1.3:
What Is a Bioprocess? / 1.3.1:
Bioprocess Monitoring and Control / 1.3.2:
Stability of Bioprocess / 1.3.3:
Basic Concepts and Controllers / 1.3.4:
Advanced Control Schemes: Multivariable Control, Robust, Fuzzy Logic, Model Predictive Control, or Others / 1.3.5:
Process Measurements / 1.4:
The Drawback for Monitoring Bioprocess / 1.4.1:
Primary on-Line Sensor (e.g. Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Culture pH, Pressure, Agitation Rate, Flow Rates, Redox, CO2, and Others) / 1.4.2:
Primary in-Line Sensor / 1.4.3:
Process Analytical Technologies (Gas Analysis, Spectrometers, Infrared, HPLC, PCR, and Others) / 1.4.4:
Software Sensor (e.g. Cell Mass Estimation Via Complex Medium, Primary Carbon Substrate, Concentration Product of Line, Metabolites, Sensor to Computer Via Wireless) / 1.4.5:
Dynamic Bioprocess Models / 1.5:
Bioprocess Modeling for Control Purposes / 1.5.1:
Mass and Energy Balance of the Bioprocess / 1.5.2:
Dynamical Mass Balance / 1.5.2.1:
Batch Process / 1.5.2.2:
Fed-Batch / 1.5.2.3:
Continuous / 1.5.2.4:
Energy Balance / 1.5.2.5:
Black Box, White Box, and Gray Box Models / 1.5.3:
Black Box / 1.5.3.1:
White Box / 1.5.3.2:
Gray Box / 1.5.3.3:
Linear and Nonlinear Models / 1.5.4:
Segregated and Non-segregated Models / 1.5.5:
Structured and Unstructured Models / 1.5.6:
Structured Models / 1.5.7:
Process Optimization / 1.6:
Off-Line and On-Line Optimization of Bioprocesses / 1.6.1:
References
Mathematical Preliminaries / 2:
Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations / 2.1:
Differential Equations, Vector Fields, and State-Space Description / 2.1.1:
Linear Systems / 2.2:
The Fundamental Theorem for Linear Systems / 2.2.1:
Linear Systems in R2 / 2.2.2:
Complex Eigenvalues / 2.2.3:
Multiple Eigenvalues / 2.2.4:
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and its Analysis / 2.3:
Preliminary Concepts and Definitions / 2.3.1:
Continuous Dynamical Systems / 2.3.1.1:
Phase Space and Phase Portrait / 2.3.1.2:
Trajectories of Autonomous and Non-Autonomous Systems / 2.3.1.3:
The Vector Field / 2.3.1.4:
Lipschitz Condition / 2.3.1.5:
Existence-Uniqueness Theorem / 2.3.2:
Algebraic Properties of Lipschitz Continuous Functions / 2.3.2.1:
Dependence on Initial Conditions and Parameters / 2.3.3:
The Flow Defined by a Differential Equation / 2.3.4:
Differential Flow / 2.3.4.1:
Equilibrium Points / 2.3.5:
Equilibrium / 2.3.51:
The Hartman-Grobman Theorem / 2.3.6:
The Stable Manifold Theorem / 2.3.7:
Saddles, Nodes, Foci, and Centers / 2.3.8:
Center Manifold Theory / 2.3.9:
Stability Theory via Lyapunov Approach / 2.4:
Stability Notions / 2.4.1:
Stability / 2.4.1.1:
Asymptotic Stability / 2.4.1.2:
Exponential Stability / 2.4.1.3:
The Direct Method of Lyapunov (Second Method) / 2.4.2:
Positive Function / 2.4.2.1:
Theorem of Lyapunov / 2.4.2.2:
Globally Uniformly Asymptotically Stable of Lyapunov / 2.4.2.3:
Definition Matrices and Functions / 2.4.2.4:
The Indirect Method of Lyapunov (First Method) / 2.4.3:
Linearization / 2.4.3.1:
Stability by Linearization / 2.4.3.2:
Lasalles Invariance Principle / 2.4.4:
Invariant Set / 2.4.5:
Input/Output Stability / 2.4.6:
General Properties of Linear and Nonlinear Systems / 2.4.7:
Advanced Stability Theory / 2.4.8:
Concepts of Stability for Non-Autonomous Systems / 2.4.8.1:
Lyapunov-like Analysis Using Barbalat's Lemma / 2.4.8.2:
Bifurcation Theory / 2.5:
Periodic Orbit / 2.5.1:
Limit Cycle / 2.5.2:
Bifurcation of Maps / 2.5.3:
Hyperbolic and Non-Hyperbolic Equilibrium Points / 2.5.4:
Bifurcation Point / 2.5.5:
Lyapunov Exponent / 2.5.6:
Chaos / 2.5.7:
Topological Equivalence / 2.5.8:
Example Bifurcations and Structural Stability of Dynamical Systems / 2.5.9:
Overview of Non-Smooth Dynamical Systems / 2.6:
Observability and Control Concepts / Part II:
State Estimation and Observers / 3:
Observability / 3.1:
Context and Motivations / 3.1.1:
Linear Observability / 3.1.2:
Nonlinear Observability / 3.1.3:
Geometric Conditions of Observability / 3.1.4:
Differential-Algebraic Observability Approach / 3.1.4.1:
Analytic Conditions for Observability / 3.1.5:
Detectability / 3.1.6:
Unobservable Subspaces / 3.1.7:
A Geometric Characterization / 3.1.7.1:
Unconstructive Subspaces / 3.1.8:
Observer Designs for Linear Structures / 3.2:
Luenberger Observer / 3.2.1:
Kalman Filter / 3.2.2:
Wiener Filter / 3.2.3:
Observer Designs for Nonlinear Structures / 3.3:
Extended Luenberger Observer / 3.3.1:
Extended Kalman Filter / 3.3.2:
First-Order Extended Kalman Filter / 3.3.2.1:
Asymptotic Observers / 3.3.3:
High-Gain Observer / 3.3.3.1:
Adaptive-Gain Observers / 3.3.4:
Adaptive High-Gain Observer / 3.3.4.1:
Sliding-Mode Observers / 3.3.5:
Sliding Mode Observers for Linear Uncertain Systems / 3.3.5.1:
Nonlinear Approaches to Sliding Mode Observer Design / 3.3.5.2:
Control of Bioprocess / 4:
The Control Idea / 4.1:
General Definitions / 4.1.1:
Controllability of Input/State/Output Systems / 4.1.2:
Steady-Output Controllability / 4.1.3:
Linear Controllability Analysis LTI Test / 4.1.4:
Controllable and Reachable Subspaces / 4.1.4.1:
Controllable Matrix Test / 4.1.4.2:
Eigenvector Test for Controllability / 4.1.4.3:
Popov-Belevitch-Hautus / 4.1.4.4:
Lyapunov Test for Controllability / 4.1.4.5:
Stabilizability / 4.1.5:
Controllers for Linear Systems / 4.2:
Linear Feedback / 4.2.1:
Proportional, Proportional-Integral, Proportional-Integral-Derivative / 4.2.2:
Optimal Control / 4.2.3:
Observer Based Controllers / 4.2.4:
Nonlinear Controllers / 4.3:
Nonlinear Controllability / 4.3.1:
Exact Feedback Linearization / 4.3.2:
Input-Output Linearization / 4.3.3:
Lyapunov-Based Control Design Methods / 4.3.3.1:
Back-Stepping Control / 4.3.3.2:
Nonlinear Sliding Mode / 4.3.4:
Sliding Surface Design / 4.3.4.1:
Control Law First-Order Sliding Mode Control / 4.3.4.2:
Control Law Second-Order Sliding Mode Control / 4.3.4.3:
Twisting Algorithm / 4.3.4.4:
Super Twisting Algorithm / 4.3.4.5:
Variable Structure Systems / 4.3.4.6:
Model Predictive Control / 4.3.5:
Control Using Neural Network / 4.3.6:
Nonlinear Design of Adaptive Controllers / 4.3.7:
Identification of Unknown Parameters / 4.3.7.1:
Observer-Based Identification / 4.3.7.2:
Adaptive Control Under Matching Conditions / 4.3.7.3:
Indirect Adaptive Control / 4.3.7.4:
Model Reference Adaptive Control / 4.3.7.5:
Software Sensors and Observer-Based Control Schemes for Bioprocess / Part III:
Dynamical Behavior of a 3-DimensionaL Continuous Bioreactor / 5:
Bioreactor Modeling / 5.1:
Estimation of the Kinetic Parameters / 5.2.1:
Main Results / 5.3:
Concluding Remarks / 5.4:
Observability Analysis Applied to 2D and 3D Bioreactors with Inhibitory and Non-inhibitory Kinetics Models / 6:
Materials and Methods / 6.1:
Kinetic Models of Inhibition / 6.2.1:
Dynamics Models / 6.2.1.1:
Observability Criterion / 6.2.2:
Results and Discussion / 6.3:
Implementation of a Linear Observer to Check the Results of the Observability Analysis / 6.4:
Conclusion / 6.5:
Production System Myco-Diesel for Implementation of "Quality" of the Observability / 7:
Methodology / 7.1:
Local Observability Quality / 7.2.1:
Bioreactor Model / 7.2.2:
Conclusions / 7.3:
Regulation of a Continuously Stirred Bioreactor via Modeling Error Compensation / 8:
Mathematical Model / 8.1:
Mass Balance Modeling / 8.2.3:
Input-Output Identified Model / 8.3:
Control Design / 8.4:
Development of Virtual Sensor Based on the Just-In-Time Model for Monitoring of Biological Control Systems / 8.5:
Kinetic and Simulated Mycoparasitism T. harzlanum - C. cladosporioides / 9.1:
On-line Monitoring (Proposed Nonlinear Observer) / 9.2.2:
Sketch of Proof of Proposition 9.1 / 9.3.1:
Such Approaches, Known as Proposed Just-in-Time Modeling "Hybrid Systems" / 9.4:
Results / 9.5:
Virtual Sensor Design for State Estimation in a Photocatalytic Bioreactor for Hydrogen Production / 9.6:
Material and Methods / 10.1:
Methods / 10.2.1:
Desulfovibrio Alaskensis 6SR / 10.2.2:
Mathematical Model Development / 10.3:
Basic Concepts / 10.3.1:
Proposed Model / 10.3.2:
Determination of Kinetic Parameters / 10.3.3:
Virtual Sensor Design / 10.4:
Index / 10.5:
Preface
Overview of the Control and Monitoring of Bioprocesses and Mathematical Preliminaries / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
21.

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Introduction / Alex Langford and Satoshi Ohtake and David Lechuga-Ballesteros and Ken-ichi Izutsu1:
Acknowledgement
References
A Concise History of Drying / Sakamon Devahastin and Maturada Jinorose2:
History of Drying of Pharmaceutical Products / 2.1:
History of Selected Drying Technologies / 2.3:
Freeze Drying / 2.3.1:
Spray Drying / 2.3.2:
Fluidized-Bed Drying / 2.3.3:
Supercritical Drying / 2.3.4:
Concluding Remarks / 2.4:
Acknowledgments
Drug Product Development / Part I:
Importance of Drying in Small Molecule Drug Product Development / Paroma Chakravarty and Karthik Nagapudi3:
Drying Materials and Dryer Types / 3.1:
Directly Heated (Convective) Dryers / 3.3:
Tray Drying / 3.3.1:
Description / 3.3.1.1:
Utility / 3.3.1.2:
Drawbacks and Challenges / 3.3.1.3:
Determination of End Point of Drying / 3.3.2:
Advantages, Utility, and Drawbacks / 3.3.2.3:
Role in Formulation Development / 3.3.3:
Indirectly Heated (Conductive) Dryers / 3.4:
Rotary Drying / 3.4.1:
Advantages and Drawbacks / 3.4.1.1:
Role in Small Molecule Formulation Development / 3.4.2:
Emerging Drying Technologies / 3.5:
Supercritical Fluid (SCF) Drying / 3.5.1:
Pharmaceutical Applications / 3.5.1.1:
Microwave Drying / 3.5.2:
Summary / 3.5.2.1:
Drying for Stabilization of Protein Formulations / Jacqueline Horn and Hanns-Christian Mahler and Wolfgang Friess4:
Protein Stability / 4.1:
Physical Instability of Proteins / 4.1.1:
Chemical Instability of Proteins / 4.1.2:
Disulfide Bond Formation / 4.1.2.1:
Deamidation / 4.1.2.2:
Oxidation / 4.1.2.3:
Glycation / 4.1.2.4:
Analysis of Protein Stability / 4.1.3:
Particle Analysis in Protein Formulations / 4.1.3.1:
Other Purity Tests for Proteins / 4.1.3.2:
Analysis of Higher-Order Structure / 4.1.3.3:
Protein Stability in the Dried State / 4.2:
Theoretical Considerations / 4.2.1:
Water Replacement Hypothesis / 4.2.1.1:
Glass Dynamics Hypothesis and Vitrification / 4.2.1.2:
Analysis of the Dried State / 4.2.2:
Investigation of Endo- and Exothermic Processes: Glass Transition and Crystallization / 4.2.2.1:
Sample Morphology: Crystalline or Amorphous Matrix? / 4.2.2.2:
Residual Moisture / 4.2.2.3:
Excipients Used to Stabilize Proteins in the Dried State / 4.2.3:
Sugars / 4.2.3.1:
Polyols / 4.2.3.2:
Polymers / 4.2.3.3:
Amino Acids / 4.2.3.4:
Additional Excipients: Metal Ions/HP-¿-CD/Surfactants/Buffers / 4.2.3.5:
How Does the Process Influence Protein Stability? / 4.3:
Process of Freeze Drying / 4.3.1:
Freezing / 4.3.1.1:
Drying / 4.3.1.2:
Typical Defects in Lyophilized Products Beyond Protein Stability / 4.3.1.3:
Process of Spray Drying / 4.3.2:
Protein Stability During Droplet Formation / 4.3.2.1:
Protein Stability During the Drying Phase / 4.3.2.2:
Vaccines and Microorganisms / Akhilesh Bhambhani and Valentyn Antochshuk4.4:
Vaccine Drug Product Development / 5.1:
Early Development to Phase I / 5.2.1:
Developability / 5.2.1.1:
Pre-formulation / 5.2.1.2:
Formulation Development / 5.2.1.3:
Late-Stage Development (Phase II and Beyond) / 5.2.2:
Scale-Up Considerations and Case Studies / 5.2.2.1:
Spray Drying: An Alternate to Lyophilization / 5.3:
Summary and Path Forward / 5.4:
Common Drying Technologies / Part II:
Advances in Freeze Drying of Biologics and Future Challenges and Opportunities / Bakul Bhatnagar and Serguei Tchessalov6:
Where Are We Now? / 6.1:
Current State / 6.3:
Rational Formulation Design: Keeping It Simple / 6.3.1:
Process Design and Monitoring / 6.3.2:
Product Temperature Measurement / 6.3.2.1:
Pressure Rise Test/Manometric Temperature Measurement / 6.3.2.3:
SMART Freeze-Dryer™ Technology / 6.3.2.4:
Application of Pirani Gauge for the Control of Primary Drying / 6.3.2.5:
Application of Mass Spectroscopy for Process Control / 6.3.2.6:
Heat Flux Sensors as PAT Tools / 6.3.2.7:
Pressure Decrease Method / 6.3.2.8:
Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) / 6.3.2.9:
Emerging Analytical Tools for Process Monitoring and Control / 6.3.2.10:
Modeling of Freeze-Drying Process / 6.3.2.11:
Tools to Monitor Dried Products / 6.3.3:
Structure of the Biologic / 6.3.3.1:
Characterizing Matrix Contributions to Stability / 6.3.3.2:
Looking Beyond the Biologic and the Formulation Matrix / 6.3.3.3:
Current Challenges / 6.4:
Understanding Protein Degradation in the Frozen State and Dried States / 6.4.1:
Process Inefficiency / 6.4.2:
Vision for the Future / 6.5:
Advances in Container-Closure Systems / 6.5.1:
Dryer Design / 6.5.2:
Laboratory-Scale Dryers / 6.5.2.1:
Commercial-Scale Freeze Dryers / 6.5.2.2:
Redefining Product Appearance/Elegance / 6.5.3:
"Intelligent" Formulation and Process Design / 6.5.4:
How Could Alternate Drying Technologies and Freeze Drying Coexist? / 6.5.5:
Alternatives to the Current Batch-Based Vial Drying / 6.5.5.1:
Tributes / 6.6:
Background / Reinhard Vehring and Herm Snyder and David Lechuga-Ballesteros7:
Spray-Drying Fundamentals / 7.1.1:
Feedstock Preparation / 7.1.2:
Spray-Drying Equipment / 7.1.3:
Atomization / 7.1.4:
Twin-Fluid or Gas (Air)-Assisted Atomizer / 7.1.4.1:
Pressure or Hydraulic Nozzle / 7.1.4.2:
Rotary Atomizer / 7.1.4.3:
Drying Chamber / 7.1.5:
Particle Collection / 7.1.6:
Particle Engineering / 7.2:
Particle Formation: Evaporation Stage / 7.2.1:
Particle Formation: Solidification Stage / 7.2.2:
Particle Formation: Solidification Stage for Crystallizing Excipients / 7.2.3:
Particle Formation: Deformation Stage / 7.2.4:
Particle Formation: Equilibration Phase / 7.2.5:
Current Status / 7.3:
Future Direction: Aseptic Spray Drying / 7.4:
Initial System Sterilization of Product Contact Surfaces / 7.4.1:
Maintaining a Sterile Environment over the Course of the Spray-Dried Batch / 7.4.2:
Aseptic Extraction and Handling the Dried Powder Product from the Dryer System / 7.4.3:
Next Generation Drying Technologies / Part III:
Spray Freeze Drying / Bernhard Luy and Howard Stamato8:
Shelf Freeze Drying / 8.1:
Single Dose vs. Bulk Manufacturing / 8.2.2:
Process Considerations
Spray-Freeze-Drying Developments / 8.2.3:
Spray Freezing and Dynamic Freeze Drying / 8.3:
Spray Freezing / 8.3.1:
Dynamic Freeze Drying / 8.3.2:
Rotary Freeze-Drying Technology / 8.3.2.1:
Industrial Application: Integration of Process Steps to a Process Line / 8.3.2.2:
Product Innovation Potential / 8.3.4:
Bulkware Innovation Potential: Supply Chain Flexibility / 8.3.5:
Conclusion / 8.4:
Microwave Drying of Pharmaceuticals / Tim Durance and Reihaneh Noorbakhsh and Gary Sandberg and Natalia Sáenz-Garza9:
Fundamentals of Microwave Heating and Drying / 9.1:
Theory of Microwave Heating and Drying / 9.1.1:
Ionic Conduction / 9.1.2:
Dipolar Rotation/Vibration / 9.1.3:
Microwave Application at Low Pressures / 9.1.4:
Equipment Used for Microwave Freeze Drying / 9.2:
Microwave Generators / 9.2.1:
Chambers / 9.2.2:
Vacuum Systems / 9.2.3:
Safety and Microwave Leakage Control / 9.2.4:
Formulation Characterization / 9.3:
Dielectric Properties, Microwave Absorption, and Depth of Penetration / 9.3.1:
Glass Transition Temperature and Collapse / 9.3.2:
Excipients for Microwave Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical Products / 9.3.3:
Dehydration Process Using Microwave Freeze Drying / 9.4:
Primary Drying / 9.4.1:
Secondary Drying / 9.4.2:
A3 Control of Drying
Advantages and Challenges of Pharmaceutical Microwave Freeze Drying / 9.5:
Advantages / 9.5.1:
Challenges / 9.5.2:
Some of the Published Patents for Application of Microwave Freeze Drying / 9.6:
Foam Drying / Phillip M. Lovalenti and Vu Truong-Le10:
Challenges in Developing Stable Dosage Forms for Biopharmaceuticals / 10.1:
Chapter Overview / 10.1.2:
Comparison of Drying Methods / 10.2:
Brief Description of Established Pharmaceutical Drying Methods / 10.2.1:
Vacuum Foam Drying / 10.2.1.1:
Other Drying Methods / 10.2.1.4:
Advantages of Foam Drying over Other Methods / 10.2.2:
Foam Drying: Historical Perspective / 10.3:
Foam Drying in the Food Industry / 10.3.1:
Foam Drying in the Pharmaceutical Industry / 10.3.2:
The Foam-Drying Process / 10.4:
Detailed Thermal Cycle and Equipment Parameters / 10.4.1:
Wet Blend Requirements / 10.4.2:
Variants of the Foam-Drying Process / 10.4.3:
Annear / 10.4.3.1:
Roser and Gribbon / 10.4.3.2:
Bronshtein (PFF) / 10.4.3.3:
Truong (FFD) / 10.4.3.4:
Truong (CFD) / 10.4.3.5:
Bronshtein (PBV) / 10.4.3.6:
Challenges to Commercialization / 10.4.4:
Process Stresses / 10.4.4.1:
Scalability and Process Robustness / 10.4.4.2:
Drug Delivery Requirements / 10.4.4.3:
Barriers to Change in the Pharmaceutical Industry / 10.4.4.4:
Application of Foam Drying to Biostabilization / 10.5:
Formulation Considerations / 10.5.1:
Moisture Content / 10.5.1.1:
Buffers and pH / 10.5.1.2:
Glass Formers / 10.5.1.3:
Foaming Agents / 10.5.1.4:
Plasticizers / 10.5.1.5:
Proteins and Amino Acids / 10.5.1.7:
Examples of Foam-Dried Biopharmaceuticals: Case Studies / 10.5.2:
Protein: IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody / 10.5.2.1:
Viral Vaccine: Influenza / 10.5.2.2:
Bacterial Vaccine: Ty21a / 10.5.2.3:
Human Cells: T Cells / 10.5.2.4:
Physiochemical Characterization of the Foam-Dried Product / 10.6:
Thermal Analysis and Protein Secondary Structure / 10.6.1:
Specific Surface Area and Surface Composition Analysis / 10.6.2:
Molecular Mobility and Amorphous Structure Analysis / 10.6.3:
Conclusions and Future Prospects / 10.7:
Effects of Electric and Magnetic Field on Freezing / Arun S. Mujumdar and Meng W. Woo11:
The Different Stages and Parameters of Freezing / 11.1:
Effect of Electric Field on Freezing / 11.3:
Application to Water and Systems with Dissolved Solute / 11.3.1:
Application to Solid Materials / 11.3.2:
Application of AC Field to Freezing / 11.3.3:
Important Additional Considerations / 11.3.4:
Effect of Magnetic Field on Freezing / 11.4:
Patent Claims and Studies on Magnetic Field Assisted Freezing / 11.4.1:
Debate on the Possible Nonsignificant Effect of Magnetic Field to Freezing / 11.4.2:
Possible Effect of Electric and Magnetic Field on the Sublimation Process / 11.5:
Future Outlook for Pharmaceutical Application / 11.6:
Desired Attributes and Requirements for Implementation / Howard Stamato and Jim Searles12:
Measuring Dryness / 12.1:
Product Considerations / 12.3:
Scale-Up Considerations / 12.5:
Implementation / 12.6:
Formulation Considerations for Solid Dosage Preparation / Part IV:
The Roles of Acid-Base Relationships, Interfaces, and Molecular Mobility in Stabilization During Drying and in the Solid State / Danforth P. Miller and Evgenyi Shalaev and Jim Barnard13:
Acid-Base Relationships and Change in Ionization During Freezing and Drying / 13.1:
Role of Interfaces in Instability During Freeze Drying and Spray Drying / 13.3:
Influence of Molecular Mobility on Physicochemical Stability / 13.4:
Fast ß-Relaxation in Practice / 13.5:
Conclusions and Advice to the Formulator / 13.6:
Challenges and Considerations for New Technology Implementation and Synergy with Development of Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) / Part V:
Future Perspectives / Part VI:
Future Directions: Lyophilization Technology Roadmap to 2025 and Beyond / Alina Alexeenko and Elizabeth Topp15:
Overview of the Roadmapping Process / 15.1:
Roadmap Framework and Development / 15.2.1:
Roadmap Summary / 15.2.2:
Trends and Drivers / 15.3:
Lyophilized Products / 15.4:
New and Improved Analytical Methods / 15.4.1:
Improved Container/Closure Systems / 15.4.2:
Adapt Lyophilization to New Product Types / 15.4.3:
Process / 15.5:
Process Monitoring Instrumentation / 15.5.1:
Process Modeling and Simulation / 15.5.2:
Process Control and Automation / 15.5.3:
Equipment / 15.6:
Equipment Harmonization and Scale-Up / 15.6.1:
Improve Lyophilized Technologies and Equipment for Existing and New Products / 15.6.2:
Disruptive Lyophilization/Drying Technologies and Equipment / 15.6.3:
Regulatory Interface / 15.7:
Workforce Development / 15.8:
Index
Introduction / Alex Langford and Satoshi Ohtake and David Lechuga-Ballesteros and Ken-ichi Izutsu1:
Acknowledgement
References
22.

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edited by Bin Zhu, Rizwan Raza, Liangdong Fan, Chunwen Sun
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Preface
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Ionic Conducting Electrolyte / Part I:
Introduction / Bin Zhu and Peter D. Lund1:
An Introduction to the Principles of Fuel Cells / 1.1:
Materials and Technologies / 1.2:
New Electrolyte Developments on LTSOFC / 1.3:
Beyond the State of the Art: The Electrolyte-Free Fuel Cell (EFFC) / 1.4:
Fundamental Issues / 1.4.1:
Beyond the SOFC / 1.5:
References
Solid-state Electrolytes for SOFC / Liangdong Fan2:
Single-Phase SOFC Electrolytes / 2.1:
Oxygen Ionic Conducting Electrolyte / 2.2.1:
Stabilized Zirconia / 2.2.1.1:
Doped Ceria / 2.2.1.2:
SrO- and MgO-Doped Lanthanum Gallates (LSGM) / 2.2.1.3:
Proton-Conducting Electrolyte and Mixed Ionic Conducting Electrolyte / 2.2.2:
Alternative New Electrolytes and Research Interests / 2.2.3:
Ion Conduction/Transportation in Electrolytes / 2.3:
Composite Electrolytes / 2.4:
Oxide-Oxide Electrolyte / 2.4.1:
Oxide-Carbonate Composite / 2.4.2:
Materials Fabrication / 2.4.2.1:
Performance and Stability Optimization / 2.4.2.2:
Other Oxide-Salt Composite Electrolytes / 2.4.3:
Ionic Conduction Mechanism Studies of Ceria-Carbonate Composite / 2.4.4:
NANOCOFC and Material Design Principle / 2.5:
Concluding Remarks / 2.6:
Acknowledgments
Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell / Tianmin He and Qingjun Zhou and Fangjun Jin3:
Overview of Cathode Reaction Mechanism / 3.1:
Development of Cathode Materials / 3.3:
Perovskite Cathode Materials / 3.3.1:
Mn-Based Perovskite Cathodes / 3.3.1.1:
Co-Based Perovskite Cathodes / 3.3.1.2:
Fe-Based Perovskite Cathodes / 3.3.1.3:
Ni-Based Perovskite Cathodes / 3.3.1.4:
Double Perovskite Cathode Materials / 3.3.2:
Microstructure Optimization of Cathode Materials / 3.4:
Nanostructured Cathodes / 3.4.1:
Composite Cathodes / 3.4.2:
Summary / 3.5:
Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell / Chunwen Sun4:
Overview of Anode Reaction Mechanism / 4.1:
Basic Operating Principles of a SOFC / 4.2.1:
The Anode Three-Phase Boundary / 4.2.1.1:
Development of Anode Materials / 4.3:
Ni-YSZ Cermet Anode Materials / 4.3.1:
Alternative Anode Materials / 4.3.2:
Fluorite Anode Materials / 4.3.2.1:
Perovskite Anode Materials / 4.3.2.2:
Sulfur-Tolerant Anode Materials / 4.3.3:
Development of Kinetics, Reaction Mechanism, and Model of the Anode / 4.4:
Summary and Outlook / 4.5:
Design and Development of SOFC Stacks / Wanting Guan5:
Change of Cell Output Performance Under 2D Interface Contact / 5.1:
Design of 2D Interface Contact Mode / 5.2.1:
Variations of Cell Output Performance Under 2D Contact Mode / 5.2.2:
2D Interface Structure Improvements and Enhancement of Cell Output Performance / 5.2.3:
Contributions of 3D Contact in 2D Interface Contact / 5.2.4:
Mechanism of Performance Enhancement After the Transition from 2D to 3D Interface / 5.2.5:
Control Design of Transition from 2D to 3D Interface Contact and Their Quantitative Contribution Differentiation / 5.3:
Control Design of 2D and 3D Interface Contact / 5.3.1:
Quantitative Effects of 2D Contact on the Transient Output Performance of a Cell / 5.3.2:
Quantitative Effects of 2D Contact on the Steady-State Output Performance of the Cell / 5.3.3:
Quantitative Effects of 3D Contact on Cell Transient Performance / 5.3.4:
Quantitative Effects of 3D Contact on the Steady-State Performance of a Cell / 5.3.5:
Differences Between 2D and 3D Interface Contacts / 5.3.6:
Conclusions / 5.4:
Electrolyte-Free Fuel Cells: Materials, Technologies, and Working Principles / Part II:
Electrolyte-Free SOFCs: Materials, Technologies, and Working Principles / Bin Zhu and Liangdong Fan and Jung-Sik Kim and Peter D. Lund6:
Concept of the Electrolyte-Free Fuel Cell / 6.1:
SLFC Using the Ionic Conductor-based Electrolyte / 6.2:
Developments on Advanced SLFC / 6.3:
From SLFCs to Semiconductor-Ionic Fuel Cells (SIFCs) / 6.4:
The SLFC Working Principle / 6.5:
Remarks / 6.6:
Ceria Fluorite Electrolytes from Ionic to Mixed Electronic and Ionic Membranes / Baoyuan Wang and Liangdong Fan and Yanyan Liu and Bin Zhu7:
Doped Ceria as the Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFCs / 7.1:
Surface Doping for Low Temperature SOFCs / 7.3:
Non-doped Ceria for Advanced Low Temperature SOFCs / 7.4:
Charge Transfer in Oxide Solid Fuel Cells / Jing Shi and Sining Yun8:
Oxygen Diffusion in Perovskite Oxides / 8.1:
Oxygen Vacancy Formation / 8.1.1:
Oxygen Diffusion Mechanisms / 8.1.2:
Anisotropy Oxygen Transport in Layered Perovskites / 8.1.3:
Oxygen Transport in Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) Perovskites / 8.1.3.1:
Oxygen Transport in A-Site Ordered Double Perovskites / 8.1.3.2:
Oxygen Ion Diffusion at Grain Boundary / 8.1.4:
Factors Controlling Oxygen Migration Barriers in Perovskites / 8.1.5:
Proton Diffusion in Perovskite-Type Oxides / 8.2:
Proton Diffusion Mechanisms / 8.2.1:
Proton-Dopant Interaction / 8.2.2:
Influence of Dopants in A-site / 8.2.2.1:
Influence of Dopants in B-Stte / 8.2.2.2:
Long-range Proton Conduction Pathways in Perovskites / 8.2.3:
Hydrogen-Induced Insulation
Enhanced Ion Conductivity in Oxide Heterostructures / 8.3:
Enhanced Ionic Conduction by Strain / 8.3.1:
Enhanced Ionic Conductivity by Band Bending / 8.3.2:
Surface State-induced Band Bending / 8.3.2.1:
Band Bending in p-n Heterojunctions / 8.3.2.2:
p-n Hetero junction Structures in SOFC / 8.3.2.3:
Material Development II: Natural Material-based Composites for Electrolyte Layer-free Fuel Cells / Chen Xia and Yanyan Liu8.4:
Materials Development for EFFCs / 9.1:
Natural Materials as Potential Electrolytes / 9.1.2:
Industrial-grade Rare Earth for EFFCs / 9.2:
Rare-earth Oxide LCP / 9.2.1:
Semiconducting-Ionic Composite Based on LCP / 9.2.2:
LCP-LSCF / 9.2.2.1:
LCP-ZnO / 9.2.2.2:
Stability Operation and Schottky Junction of EFFC / 9.2.3:
Performance Stability / 9.2.3.1:
In Situ Schottky Junction Effect / 9.2.3.2:
Natural Hematite for EFFCs / 9.2.4:
Natural Hematite / 9.3.1:
Semiconducting-Ionic Composite Based on Hematite / 9.3.2:
Hematite-LSCF / 9.3.2.1:
Hematite/LCP-LSCF / 9.3.2.2:
Natural CuFe Oxide Minerals for EFFCs / 9.3.3:
Natural CuFe2O4 Mineral for EFFC / 9.4.1:
Natural Delafossite CuFeO2 for EFFC / 9.4.2:
Bio-derived Calcite for EFFC / 9.4.3:
Charge Transfer, Transportation, and Simulation / Muhammad Afzal and Mustafa Anwar and Muhammad I. Asghar and Peter D. Lund and Naveed Jhamat and Rizwan Raza and Bin Zhu9.5.1:
Physical Aspects / 10.1:
Electrochemical Aspects / 10.2:
Ionic Conduction Enhancement in Heterostructure Composites / 10.3:
Charge Transportation Mechanism and Coupling Effects / 10.4:
Surface and Interfacial State-Induced Superionic Conduction and Transportation / 10.5:
Ionic Transport Number Measurements / 10.6:
Determination of Electron and Ionic Conductivities in EFFCs / 10.7:
EIS Analysis / 10.8:
Semiconductor Band Effects on the Ionic Conduction Device Performance / 10.9:
Simulations / 10.10:
Electrolyte-Free Fuel Cell: Principles and Crosslink Research / Yan Wu and Liangdong Fan and Naveed Mushtaq and Bin Zhu and Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Sajid and Rizwan Raza and Jung-Sik Kim and Wen-Feng Lin and Peter D. Lund11:
Fundamental Considerations of Fuel Cell Semiconductor Electrochemistry / 11.1:
Physics and Electrochemistry at Interfaces / 11.2.1:
Electrochemistry vs. Semiconductor Physics / 11.2.2:
Working Principle of Semiconductor-Based Fuel Cells and Crossing Link Sciences / 11.3:
Extending Applications by Coupling Devices / 11.4:
Final Remarks / 11.5:
Fuel Cells: From Technology to Applications / Part III:
Scaling Up Materials and Technology for SLFC / Kang Yuan and Zhigang Zhu and Muhammad Afzal and Bin Zhu12:
Single-Layer Fuel Cell (SLFC) Engineering Materials / 12.1:
Scaling Up Single-Layer Fuel Cell Devices: Tape Casting and Hot Pressing / 12.2:
Scaling Up Single-Layer Fuel Cell Devices: Thermal Spray Coating Technology / 12.3:
Traditional Plasma Spray Coating Technology / 12.3.1:
New Developed Low-Pressure Plasma Spray (LPPS) Coating Technology / 12.3.2:
Short Stack / 12.4:
SLFC Cells / 12.4.1:
Bipolar Plate Design / 12.4.2:
Sealing and Sealant-Free Short Stack / 12.4.3:
Tests and Evaluations / 12.5:
Durability Testing / 12.6:
A Case Study for the Cell Degradation Mechanism / 12.7:
Continuous Efforts and Future Developments / 12.8:
Planar SOFC Stack Design and Development / Shaorong Wang and Yixiang Shi and Naveed Mushtaq and Bin Zhu12.9:
Internal Manifold and External Manifold / 13.1:
Interface Between an Interconnect Plate and a Single Cell / 13.2:
Antioxidation Coating of the Interconnect Plate / 13.3:
Design the Flow Field of Interconnect Plate / 13.4:
Mathematical Simulation / 13.4.1:
Effect of Co-flow, Crossflow, and Counterflow / 13.4.2:
Air Flow Distribution Between Layers in a Stack / 13.4.3:
The Importance of Sealing / 13.5:
Thermal Cycling of the Sealing / 13.5.1:
Durability of Sealing / 13.5.2:
The Life of the Stack: The Chemical Problems on the Interface / 13.6:
Toward Market Products / 13.7:
Energy System Integration and Future Perspectives / Ghazanfar Abbas and Muhammad Ali Babar and Fida Hussain and Rizwan Raza13.8:
Solar Cell and Fuel Cell / 14.1:
Fuel Cell-Solar Cell Integration / 14.2:
Solar Electrolysis-Fuel Cell Integration / 14.3:
Fuel Cell-Biomass Integration / 14.4:
The Fuel Cell System Modeling Using Biogas / 14.5:
Activation Loss / 14.5.1:
Ohmic Loss / 14.5.2:
Concentration Voltage Loss / 14.5.3:
The Fuel Cell System Efficiency (Heating and Electrical) / 14.6:
The Effect of Different Temperatures on System Efficiency / 14.6.1:
The Fuel Utilization Factor and Efficiencies of the System / 14.6.2:
The System Efficiencies and Operating Pressure / 14.6.3:
Integrated New Clean Energy System / 14.7:
Index / 14.8:
Preface
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Ionic Conducting Electrolyte / Part I:
Introduction / Bin Zhu and Peter D. Lund1:
23.

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Gang Wang, Hou Chengyi, Wang Hongzhi
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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Preface
Sensing / Part I:
Wearable Organic Nano-sensors / Wei Huong and Liangwen Feng and Gang Wang and Elsa Reichmanis1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Wearable Organic Sensors Based on Different Device Architectures / 1.2:
Resistor-Based Sensors / 1.2.1:
Definitions and Important Parameters / 1.2.1.1:
Materials and Applications / 1.2.1.2:
Organic Field-Effect Transistor Based Sensors / 1.2.2:
Strategy and Applications / 1.2.2.1:
Electrochemical Sensors / 1.2.3:
Diode-Based Sensors / 1.2.3.1:
Other Devices and System Integration / 1.2.4.1:
Summary and Perspective / 1.3:
References
Stimuli-Responsive Electronic Skins / Zhouyue Lei and Peiyi Wu2:
Materials for Electronic Skins / 2.1:
Liquid Metals / 2.2.1:
Hydrogels / 2.2.2:
Ionogels / 2.2.3:
Elastomers / 2.2.4:
Conductive Polymers / 2.2.5:
Inorganic Materials / 2.2.6:
Stimuli-Responsive Behaviors / 2.3:
Electrical Signals in Response to Environmental Stimuli / 2.3.1:
Stimuli-Responsive Self-healing / 2.3.2:
Stimuli-Responsive Optical Appearances / 2.3.3:
Stimuli-Responsive Actuations / 2.3.4:
Improved Processability Based on Stimuli-Responsive Behaviors / 2.3.5:
Understanding the Mechanism of Stimuli-Responsive Materials Applied for Electronic Skins / 2.4:
Conclusion / 2.5:
Flexible Thermoelectrics and Thermoelectric Textiles / Fei Jiao3:
Thermoelectricity and Thermoelectric Materials / 3.1:
Thermoelectric Generators / 3.3:
Wearable Thermoelectric Generators for Smart Clothing / 3.4:
Flexible Thermoelectrics / 3.4.1:
Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials Related / 3.4.1.1:
Organic Thermoelectric Materials Related / 3.4.1.2:
Carbon-Based Thermoelectric Materials Related / 3.4.1.3:
Fiber and Textile Related Thermoelectrics / 3.4.2:
Prospects and Challenges / 3.5:
Energy / Part II:
Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting / Xiong Pu4:
Fundamentals of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) / 4.1:
Theoretical Origin of TENGs / 4.2.1:
Four Working Modes / 4.2.2:
Materials for TENGs / 4.2.3:
Progresses in Textile TENGs / 4.3:
Materials for Textile TENGs / 4.3.1:
Fabrication Processes for Textile TENGs / 4.3.2:
Structures of Textile TENGs / 4.3.3:
ID Fiber TENGs / 4.3.3.1:
2D Fabric TENGs / 4.3.3.2:
3D Fabric TENGs / 4.3.3.3:
Washing Capability / 4.3.4:
Self-charging Power Textiles / 4.3.5:
Conclusions and Perspectives / 4.4:
Flexible and Wearable Solar Cells and Supercapacitors / Kai Yuan and Ting Hu and Yiwang Chen5:
Flexible and Wearable Solar Cells / 5.1:
Flexible and Wearable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells / 5.2.1:
Flexible and Wearable Polymer Solar Cells / 5.2.2:
Flexible and Wearable Perovskite Solar Cells / 5.2.3:
Flexible and Wearable Supercapacitors / 5.2.4:
Flexible and Wearable Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) / 5.2.5:
Flexible and Wearable Pseudocapacitor / 5.2.6:
Integrated Solar Cells and Supercapacitors / 5.2.7:
Conclusions and Outlook / 5.3:
Acknowledgments
Flexible and Wearable Lithium-Ion Batteries / Zhiwei Zhang and Peng Wang and Xianguang Miao and Peng Zhang and Longwei Yin6:
Typical Lithium-Ion Batteries / 6.1:
Electrode Materials for Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries / 6.3:
Three-Dimensional (3D) Electrodes / 6.3.1:
Two-Dimensional (2D) Electrodes / 6.3.2:
Conductive Substrate-Based Electrodes / 6.3.2.1:
Freestanding Film-Based Electrodes / 6.3.2.2:
Graphene Papers / 6.3.2.3:
CNT Papers / 6.3.2.4:
Fabrication of Carbon Films by Vacuum Filtration Process / 6.3.2.5:
Fabrication of Carbon Nanofiber Films by Electrospinning / 6.3.2.6:
Fabrication of Carbon Films by Vapor-Phase Polymerization / 6.3.2.7:
One-Dimensional (1D) Electrodes / 6.3.3:
Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Electrolytes / 6.4:
Liquid-State Electrolytes / 6.4.1:
Aprotic Organic Solvent / 6.4.1.1:
Lithium Salts / 6.4.1.2:
Additives / 6.4.1.3:
Solid-State Electrolytes / 6.4.2:
Inorganic Electrolytes / 6.4.2.1:
Organic Electrolytes / 6.4.2.2:
Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Electrolytes / 6.4.2.3:
Inactive Materials and Components of Flexible LIBs / 6.5:
Separators / 6.5.1:
Types of Separators / 6.5.1.1:
Physical and Chemical Properties of Separators / 6.5.1.2:
Manufacture of Separators / 6.5.1.3:
Casing/Packaging / 6.5.2:
Casing/Package Components / 6.5.2.1:
Casing/Packaging Structure / 6.5.2.2:
Current Collectors / 6.5.3:
Electrode Additive Materials / 6.5.4:
Binders / 6.5.4.1:
Conductive Additives / 6.5.4.2:
Conclusions and Prospects / 6.6:
Interacting / Part III:
Thermal and Humidity Management for Next-Generation Textiles / Junxing Meng and Chengyi Hou and Chenhong Zhang and Qinghong Zhang and Yaogang Li and Hongzhi Wang7:
Passive Smart Materials / 7.1:
Energy-Harvesting Materials / 7.3:
Active Smart Materials / 7.4:
Functionalization of Fiber Materials for Washable Smart Wearable Textiles / Yunjie Yin and Yan Xu and Chaoxia Wang7.5:
Conductive Textiles / 8.1:
Waterproof Conductive Textiles / 8.1.2:
Washable Conductive Textiles / 8.1.3:
Evaluation of Washable Conductive Textiles / 8.1.4:
Fiber Materials Functionalization for Conductivity / 8.2:
Conductive Fiber Substrates Based on Polymer Materials / 8.2.1:
Dip Coating / 8.2.1.1:
Graft Modification / 8.2.1.2:
In Situ Chemical Polymerization / 8.2.1.3:
Electrochemical Polymerization / 8.2.1.4:
In Situ Vapor Phase Polymerization / 8.2.1.5:
Conductive Fiber Substrates Based on Metal Materials / 8.2.2:
Electroless Plating / 8.2.2.1:
Metal Conductive Ink Printing / 8.2.2.2:
Conductive Fiber Substrates Based on Carbon Material / 8.2.3:
Vacuum Filtration / 8.2.3.1:
Printing / 8.2.3.2:
Dyeing / 8.2.3.4:
Ultrasonic Depositing / 8.2.3.5:
Brushing Coating / 8.2.3.6:
Conductive Fiber Substrates Based on Graphene Composite Materials / 8.2.4:
In Situ Polymerization / 8.2.4.1:
Waterproof Modification for Conductive Fiber Substrates / 8.3:
Dip-Coating Method / 8.3.1:
Sol-Gel Method / 8.3.2:
Chemical Vapor Deposition / 8.3.3:
Washing Evaluations of Conductive Textiles / 8.4:
Conclusions / 8.5:
Flexible Microfluidics for Wearable Electronics / Dachao Li and Haixia Yu and Zhihua Pu and Xiaochen Lai and Chengtao Sun and Hao Wu and Xingguo Zhang9:
Materials / 9.1:
Fabrication Technologies / 9.3:
Layer Transfer and Lamination / 9.3.1:
Soft Lithography / 9.3.2:
Inkjet Printing / 9.3.3:
3D Printing / 9.3.4:
3D Printing Sacrificial Structures / 9.3.4.1:
3D Printing Templates / 9.3.4.2:
Fabrication of Open-Surface Microfluidics / 9.3.5:
Fabrication of Paper-Based Microfluidic Device / 9.3.5.1:
Fabrication of Textile-Based Microfluidic Device / 9.3.5.2:
Applications / 9.4:
Wearable Microfluidics for Sweat-Based Biosensing / 9.4.1:
Wearable Microfluidics for ISF-Based Biosensing / 9.4.2:
Wearable Microfluidics for Motion Sensing / 9.4.3:
Other Flexible Microfluidics / 9.4.4:
Soft Robotics / 9.4.4.1:
Drug Delivery / 9.4.4.2:
Implantable Devices / 9.4.4.3:
Flexible Display / 9.4.4.4:
Challenges / 9.5:
Integrating and Connecting / Part IV:
Piezoelectric Materials and Devices Based Flexible Bio-integrated Electronics / Xinge Yu10:
Piezoelectric Materials / 10.1:
Piezoelectric Devices for Biomedical Applications / 10.3:
Flexible and Printed Electronics for Smart Clothes / Yu Jiang and Nan Zhu10.4:
Printing Technology / 11.1:
Non-template Printing / 11.2.1:
Template-Based Printing / 11.2.2:
Flexible Substrates / 11.3:
Commercially Available Polymers / 11.3.1:
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) / 11.3.1.1:
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) / 11.3.1.2:
Polyimide (PI) / 11.3.1.3:
Polyurethane (PU) / 11.3.1.4:
Others / 11.3.1.5:
Printing Papers / 11.3.2:
Tattoo Papers / 11.3.3:
Fiber Textiles / 11.3.4:
Application / 11.3.5:
Wearable Sensors/Biosensors / 11.4.1:
Noninvasive Biofuel Cells / 11.4.2:
Wearable Energy Storage Devices / 11.4.3:
Prospects / 11.5:
Flexible and Wearable Electronics: from Lab to Fab / Yuanyuan Bai and Xianqing Yang and Lianhui Li and Tie Li and Ting Zhang12:
Substrates / 12.1:
Functional Materials / 12.2.2:
Printing Technologies / 12.3:
Jet Printing / 12.3.1:
Aerosol Jet Printing / 12.3.1.1:
Electrohydrodynamic Jet (e-Jet) Printing / 12.3.1.3:
Screen Printing / 12.3.2:
Other Printing Techniques / 12.3.3:
Flexible and Wearable Electronic Products / 12.4:
Flexible Force Sensors / 12.4.1:
Paper Battery / 12.4.2:
Flexible Solar Cell / 12.4.3:
Strategy Toward Smart Clothing / 12.4.4:
Materials and Processes for Stretchable and Wearable e-Textile Devices / Binghao Wang and Antonio Facchetti12.6:
Materials for e-Textiles / 13.1:
Conducting Materials / 13.2.1:
Metal Nanomaterials / 13.2.1.1:
Carbon Nanomaterials / 13.2.1.2:
Conducting Polymers / 13.2.1.3:
Passive Textile Materials / 13.2.2:
Device Applications / 13.3:
Interconnects and Electrodes / 13.3.1:
Strain Sensors / 13.3.2:
Heaters / 13.3.3:
Supercapacitors / 13.3.4:
Energy Generators / 13.3.5:
Triboelectric Generators / 13.3.5.1:
Summary and Perspectives / 13.4:
Index
Preface
Sensing / Part I:
Wearable Organic Nano-sensors / Wei Huong and Liangwen Feng and Gang Wang and Elsa Reichmanis1:
24.

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EB
Dario Sabella
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer International Publishing, 2021
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Edge Computing Overview / Part I:
Principles of Edge Computing, Fog and Cloud Computing / 1:
Background on Cloud Computing / 1.1:
From Remote Cloud to Edge Cloud / 1.2:
Fog Computing / 1.2.1:
Edge Computing and MEC / 1.3:
References
MEC: Standards and Industry Associations Around Edge Computing / 2:
MEC, Edge Computing, 5G and Verticals / 2.1:
MEC Service Scenarios / 2.2:
ETSI MEC Standard / 2.3:
Standardization Landscape on Edge Computing / 2.4:
Industry Groups on Edge Computing / 2.5:
5GAA (5G Automotive Association) / 2.5.1:
5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation) / 2.5.2:
Wireless Broadband Alliance / 2.5.3:
Other Fora and Projects / 2.6:
Research Projects / 2.7:
Edge Computing Standards / Part II:
MEC Standards on Edge Platforms / 3:
The Central Role of MEC Host / 3.1:
MEC Architecture / 3.2:
MEC Applications and UE Applications / 3.2.1:
MEC Platform and MEC Host / 3.2.2:
MEC Orchestrator / 3.2.3:
MEC Platform Application Enablement / 3.3:
MEC App Assistance: MEC App Start-Up Procedure / 3.3.1:
MEC App Assistance: MEC App Graceful Termination/Stop / 3.3.2:
Service Availability Update and New Service Registration / 3.3.3:
Service Availability Query / 3.3.4:
Service Availability Notification / 3.3.5:
Traffic Rule Activation/Deactivation/Update / 3.3.6:
DNS Rule Activation/Deactivation / 3.3.7:
Resource Structures / 3.3.8:
ETSI MEC Standard: MEC Management / 3.4:
MEC Standards on Edge Services / 4:
Classification of MEC Services / 4.1:
General Principles for MEC Service APIs / 4.2:
Methods to Update a Resource / 4.2.1:
Asynchronous Operations / 4.2.2:
Remote MEC Service Consumption / 4.3:
Alternative Transport Protocols in MEC / 4.3.1:
Zenoh: An Alternative MEC Transport Protocol / 4.3.2:
Overview of MEC APIs / 4.4:
Radio Network Information API / 4.4.1:
Location API / 4.4.2:
UE Identity API / 4.4.3:
Bandwidth Management API / 4.4.4:
Multi-access Traffic Steering API / 4.4.5:
WLAN Information API / 4.4.6:
Fixed Access API / 4.4.7:
V2X Api / 4.4.8:
MEC Service APIs in Action / 5:
Radio Network Information (RNI) API / 5.1:
Resource URI Structure of RNI API / 5.1.1:
Services Offered to RNI API Consumers / 5.1.2:
Resource URI Structure of Location API / 5.2:
Services Offered to Location API Consumers / 5.2.2:
Multi-access Traffic Steering (MTS) API / 5.3:
Resource URI Structure of MTS API / 5.3.1:
Services Offered to MTS API Consumers / 5.3.2:
Y2X Information Service API / 5.4:
Resource URI Structure of V2X API / 5.4.1:
Services Offered to V2X API Consumers / 5.4.2:
Edge Computing Deployments / Part III:
MEC in Virtualized Environments / 6:
Principles of Virtualization / 6.1:
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) / 6.2:
Open Source Frameworks on Cloud and NFV Technologies / 6.3:
MEC in NFV Environments / 6.4:
MEC, Virtual RAN, C-RAN, Open RAN / 6.4.1:
Virtualization Aspects in MEC / 6.4.2:
Cloud Native Computing / 6.5:
Edge Computing in 5G Networks / 7:
Overview of 5G Networks / 7.1:
5G System Architecture / 7.1.1:
5G Non-Standalone Deployments / 7.1.2:
5G Standalone Deployments / 7.1.3:
5G Deployment Phases / 7.1.4:
Session and Service Continuity in 5G Systems / 7.2:
Network Exposure Function in 5G Systems / 7.3:
Initial Edge Computing Support in 5G Systems / 7.4:
3GPP SA2 Edge Computing Support in Rel.15/16 / 7.4.1:
Further Edge Computing Support in 5G Rel.17 Systems / 7.5:
SA6 / 7.5.1:
SA5: Management Aspects of Edge Computing / 7.5.2:
MEC Synergized Architecture / 7.6:
MEC 5G Integration / 7.7:
MEC Support for Network Slicing and Verticals / 7.8:
MEC Federation and Mobility Aspects / 8:
Background of MEC Federation / 8.1:
GSMA Requirements on MEC Federation / 8.2:
MEC Federation in ETSI / 8.3:
Edge Resources Exposure: A Case Study / 8.4:
Application Offloading Use Case in MEC / 8.4.1:
MEC Mobility Aspects / 8.5:
Example of MEC Application and E2E Mobility / 8.5.1:
Edge Computing Software Development / Part IV:
Software Development for Edge Computing / 9:
MEC: The Application Developer Perspective / 9.1:
Phase 1: MEC Application Packaging and On-Boarding / 9.1.1:
Phase 2: MEC Application Instantiation and Communications / 9.1.2:
Phase 3: Usage of the MEC Platform and Services / 9.1.3:
Open Network System Services Software (OpenNESS) Toolkit / 9.2:
OpenNESS System Architecture / 9.2.1:
OpenNESS APIs / 9.2.2:
Example OpenNESS Application / 9.2.3:
The OpenNESS4J Library / 9.3:
Edge Application Authenticator / 9.3.1:
Edge Application Connector / 9.3.2:
Edge Application Notification Manager / 9.3.3:
MEC and Open Source / 9.4:
Akraino API Portal / 9.4.1:
ETSI MEC DECODE WG and Akraino / 9.4.2:
ServerlessOnEdge / 9.5:
Open Edge Computing-Toward Globally Consistent Edge Services / 9.6:
Open Edge Computing Vision / 9.6.1:
Open Edge Computing Initiative (OEC) / 9.6.2:
Edge Software Development-Challenges, Projects and Outlook / 9.6.3:
MEC in Action: Performance, Testing and Ecosystem Activities / 10:
Performance Assessment, Metrics, Best Practices and Guidelines / 10.1:
MEC Metrics / 10.1.1:
Performance Assessment of MEC / 10.1.2:
Measurement Methodology and Examples / 10.2:
Evaluation of Latency / 10.2.1:
Evaluation of Energy Efficiency (EE) / 10.2.2:
MEC Testing / 10.3:
OpenAPI Representations of MEC Services APIs / 10.4:
MEC Sandbox / 10.5:
Sandbox Access and Configuration / 10.5.1:
Sandbox MEC Service API Interaction / 10.5.2:
MEC Ecosystem: Proof-of-Concepts, Trials, Hackathons / 10.6:
MEC PoCs (Proof-of-Concepts) / 10.6.1:
Trials and Plugtests™ / 10.6.2:
MEC Hackathons / 10.6.3:
MEC Terminology (Phase 1 and Phase 2) / Annex A:
Functional Blocks and Reference Points in the MEC System / Annex B:
MEC Software Resources / Annex C:
All Quiz Results / Annex D:
Acknowledgements / Annex E:
Edge Computing Overview / Part I:
Principles of Edge Computing, Fog and Cloud Computing / 1:
Background on Cloud Computing / 1.1:
25.

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EB
Esuli, Alessandro Fabris, Alejandro Moreo, Fabrizio Sebastiani
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer International Publishing, 2023
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The Case for Quantification / 1:
Class Distributions and Their Estimation / 1.1:
The Suboptimality of Classify and Count / 1.2:
Notational Conventions / 1.3:
Quantification Problems / 1.4:
Dataset Shift and Quantification / 1.5:
Types of Dataset Shift and Their Relation to Quantification / 1.5.1:
Quantification and Bias Mitigation / 1.6:
Structure of This Book / 1.7:
Applications of Quantification / 2:
Improving Classification Accuracy / 2.1:
Word Sense Disambiguation / 2.1.1:
Fairness / 2.2:
Improving Fairness / 2.2.1:
Measuring Fairness / 2.2.2:
Sentiment Analysis / 2.3:
Social and Political Sciences / 2.4:
Market Research / 2.5:
Epidemiology / 2.6:
Ecological Modelling / 2.7:
Resource Allocation / 2.8:
Evaluation of Quantification Algorithms / 3:
Measures for Evaluating SLQ, BQ, and MLQ / 3.1:
Properties of Evaluation Measures for SLQ, BQ, and MLQ / 3.1.1:
Bias / 3.1.2:
Absolute Error and its Variants / 3.1.3:
Relative Absolute Error and its Variants / 3.1.4:
Kullback-Leibler Divergence and its Variants / 3.1.5:
Which Measure is the Best for SLQ? / 3.1.6:
Measures for Evaluating OQ / 3.2:
Earth Mover's Distance / 3.2.1:
Root Normalised Order-Aware Divergence / 3.2.2:
Measures for Evaluating Regression Quantification / 3.3:
Experimental Protocols for Evaluating Quantification / 3.4:
Natural Prevalence Protocol (NPP) / 3.4.1:
Artificial Prevalence Protocol (APP) / 3.4.2:
A Variant of the APP Based on the Kraemer Algorithm / 3.4.3:
Should we Use the NPP or the APP? / 3.4.4:
Model Selection in Quantification / 3.5:
Methods for Learning to Quantify / 4:
Maximum Likelihood Prevalence Estimation / 4.1:
Aggregative Methods Based on General-Purpose Learners / 4.2:
Classify and Count / 4.2.1:
Probabilistic Classify and Count / 4.2.2:
Adjusted Classify and Count / 4.2.3:
Probabilistic Adjusted Classify and Count / 4.2.4:
X, MAX, and Threshold@0.50 / 4.2.5:
Median Sweep / 4.2.6:
The Ratio Estimator / 4.2.7:
Mixture Models / 4.2.8:
Expectation Maximisation for Quantification / 4.2.9:
Class Distribution Estimation / 4.2.10:
Ensemble Methods for Quantification / 4.2.11:
QuaNet / 4.2.12:
Aggregative Methods Based on Special-Purpose Learners / 4.3:
Methods Based on Explicit Loss Minimisation / 4.3.1:
Quantification Trees and Quantification Forests / 4.3.2:
Non-Aggregative Methods / 4.4:
The README Method / 4.4.1:
The iSA Method / 4.4.2:
The README2 Method / 4.4.3:
The HDx Method / 4.4.4:
The MMD-RKHS Method / 4.4.5:
The Uncertainty-Aware Generative Model / 4.4.6:
Deep Quantification Network / 4.4.7:
Advanced Topics / 5:
Ordinal Quantification / 5.1:
Regression Quantification / 5.2:
Cross-Lingual Quantification / 5.3:
Quantification for Networked Data / 5.4:
Cost Quantification / 5.5:
Quantification in Data Streams / 5.6:
One-Class Quantification / 5.7:
Confidence Intervals for Class Prevalence Estimates / 5.8:
The Quantification Landscape / 6:
Historical Development / 6.1:
The Trajectory of Quantification / 6.1.1:
Shared Tasks / 6.1.2:
Software / 6.2:
Publicly Available Implementations / 6.2.1:
QuaPy: A Comprehensive Framework for Quantification / 6.2.2:
How Do Different Quantification Methods Fare? / 6.3:
A Tour of Experimental Results / 6.3.1:
Visualisation Tools for the Analysis of Results / 6.3.2:
Related Tasks / 6.4:
Links to Existing Tasks / 6.4.1:
A Possible Variant of the Quantification Task / 6.4.2:
The Road Ahead / 7:
Bibliography
Index
The Case for Quantification / 1:
Class Distributions and Their Estimation / 1.1:
The Suboptimality of Classify and Count / 1.2:
26.

電子ブック

EB
Gianfagna, Antonio Di Cecco
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer International Publishing, 2021
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The Landscape / 1:
Examples of What Explainable AI Is / 1.1:
Learning Phase / 1.1.1:
Knowledge Discovery / 1.1.2:
Reliability and Robustness / 1.1.3:
What Have We Learnt from the Three Examples / 1.1.4:
Machine Learning and XAI / 1.2:
Machine Learning Tassonomy / 1.2.1:
Common Myths / 1.2.2:
The Need for Explainable AI / 1.3:
Explainability and Interpretability: Different Words to Say the Same Tiling or Not? / 1.4:
From World to Humans / 1.4.1:
Correlation Is Not Causation / 1.4.2:
So What Is the Difference Between Interpretability and Explainability? / 1.4.3:
Making Machine Learning Systems Explainable / 1.5:
The XAI Flow / 1.5.1:
The Big Picture / 1.5.2:
Do We Really Need to Make Machine Learning Models Explainable? / 1.6:
Summary / 1.7:
References
Explainable AI: Needs, Opportunities, and Challenges / 2:
Human in the Loop / 2.1:
Centaur XAI Systems / 2.1.1:
XAI Evaluation from "Human in the Loop Perspective" / 2.1.2:
How to Make Machine Learning Models Explainable / 2.2:
Intrinsic Explanations / 2.2.1:
Post Hoc Explanations / 2.2.2:
Global or Local Explainability / 2.2.3:
Properties of Explanations / 2.3:
Intrinsic Explainable Models / 2.4:
Loss Function / 3.1:
Linear Regression / 3.2:
Logistic Regression / 3.3:
Decision Trees / 3.4:
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) / 3.5:
Model-Agnostic Methods for XAI / 3.6:
Global Explanations: Permutation Importance and Partial Dependence Plot / 4.1:
Ranking Features by Permutation Importance / 4.1.1:
Permutation Importance on the Train Set / 4.1.2:
Partial Dependence Plot / 4.1.3:
Local Explanations: XAI with Shapley Additive explanations / 4.1.4:
Shapley Values: A Game Theoretical Approach / 4.2.1:
The First Use of SHAP / 4.2.2:
The Road to KernelSHAP / 4.2.3:
The Shapley Formula / 4.3.1:
How to Calculate Shapley Values / 4.3.2:
Local Linear Sunogate Models (LIME) / 4.3.3:
KernelSHAP Is a Unique Form of LIME / 4.3.4:
KernelSHAP and Interactions / 4.4:
The New York Cab Scenario / 4.4.1:
Train the Model with Preliminary Analysis / 4.4.2:
Making the Model Explainable with KernelShap / 4.4.3:
Interactions of Features / 4.4.4:
A Faster SHAP for Boosted Trees / 4.5:
Using TreeShap / 4.5.1:
Providing Explanations / 4.5.2:
A Naive Criticism to SHAP / 4.6:
Explaining Deep Learning Models / 4.7:
Agnostic Approach / 5.1:
Adversarial Features / 5.1.1:
Augmentations / 5.1.2:
Occlusions as Augmentations / 5.1.3:
Occlusions as an Agnostic XAI Method / 5.1.4:
Neural Networks / 5.2:
The Neural Network Structure / 5.2.1:
Why the Neural Network Is Deep? (Versus Shallow) / 5.2.2:
Rectified Activations (and Batch Normalization) / 5.2.3:
Saliency Maps / 5.2.4:
Opening Deep Networks / 5.3:
Different Layer Explanation / 5.3.1:
CAM (Class Activation Maps) and Grad-CAM / 5.3.2:
DeepShap/DeepLift / 5.3.3:
A Critic of Saliency Methods / 5.4:
What the Network Sees / 5.4.1:
Explainability Batch Normalizing Layer by Layer / 5.4.2:
Unsupervised Methods / 5.5:
Unsupervised Dimensional Reduction / 5.5.1:
Dimensional Reduction of Convolutional Filters / 5.5.2:
Activation Atlases: How to Tell a Wok from a Pan / 5.5.3:
Making Science with Machine Learning and XAI / 5.6:
Scientific Method in the Age of Data / 6.1:
Ladder of Causation / 6.2:
Discovering Physics Concepts with ML and XAI / 6.3:
The Magic of Autoencoders / 6.3.1:
Discover the Physics of Damped Pendulum with ML and XAI / 6.3.2:
Climbing the Ladder of Causation / 6.3.3:
Science in the Age of ML and XAI / 6.4:
Adversarial Machine Learning and Explainability / 6.5:
Adversarial Examples (AEs): Crash Course / 7.1:
Hands-On Adversarial Examples / 7.1.1:
Doing XAI with Adversarial Examples / 7.2:
Defending Against Adversarial Attacks with XAI / 7.3:
A Proposal for a Sustainable Model of Explainable AI / 7.4:
The XAI "Fil Rouge" / 8.1:
XAI and GDPR / 8.2:
F.A.S.T. XAI / 8.2.1:
Conclusions / 8.3:
Index / 8.4:
The Landscape / 1:
Examples of What Explainable AI Is / 1.1:
Learning Phase / 1.1.1:
27.

電子ブック

EB
Benaglia, Puglisi Alessandra
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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Preface
Strategies to Immobilized Catalysts: A Key Tool for Modern Chemistry / Oriana Piermatti and Raed Abu-Reziq and Luigi Vaccaro1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Catalysis / 1.2:
Heterogenization of Homogeneous Catalysts / 1.3:
Immobilization on Silica / 1.3.1:
Covalent Binding / 1.3.1.1:
Physical Entrapment / 1.3.1.2:
Electrostatic Interactions / 1.3.1.3:
Silica Microencapsulation / 1.3.1.4:
Polymeric Supports / 1.3.2:
Insoluble Polymers / 1.3.2.1:
Soluble Polymers / 1.3.2.2:
Polymeric Microcapsules / 1.3.2.3:
Other Supports / 1.3.3:
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) / 1.3.3.1:
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (PMOs) / 1.3.3.2:
Magnetic Nanoparticles / 1.3.3.3:
Membranes / 1.3.3.4:
Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts / 1.4:
Conclusions / 1.5:
List of Abbreviations
References
Catalysts Immobilized onto Polymers / Shinichi Itsuno and Naoki Haraguchi2:
Organocatalyst Immobilized onto Polymers / 2.1:
Polymer-Immobilized Cinchona Alkaloids / 2.2.1:
Polymer-Immobilized Proline Derivatives / 2.2.2:
Polymer-Immobilized Amino Acids / 2.2.3:
Polymer-Immobilized Pyrrolidine Derivatives / 2.2.4:
Polymer-Immobilized Chiral Amines / 2.2.5:
Polymer-Immobilized MacMillan Catalysts / 2.2.6:
Polymer-Immobilized Thioureas and Ureas / 2.2.7:
Polymer-Immobilized Chiral Phosphoric Acids / 2.2.8:
Polymer-Immobilized Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbenes / 2.2.9:
Metal Catalysts Immobilized onto Polymers / 2.3:
Al: Polymer-Immobilized Catechol-Al Catalyst / 2.3.1:
Au: Polymer-Immobilized Triazole-Gold Catalyst / 2.3.2:
Co: Polymer-Immobilized Co (III)-Salen Complex / 2.3.3:
Ir: Polymer-Immobilized Iridium Catalyst / 2.3.4:
Mo: Polymer-Immobilized Molybdenum Catalyst / 2.3.5:
Ni: Polymer-Immobilized Ni Catalyst / 2.3.6:
Pd: Polymer-Immobilized Pd Catalyst / 2.3.7:
Pt: Polymer-Immobilized Pt Nanoparticle / 2.3.8:
Rh: Polymer-Immobilized Rh Catalyst / 2.3.9:
Ru: Polymer-Immobilized Ru Catalyst / 2.3.10:
Ti: Polymer-Immobilized Ti Catalyst / 2.3.11:
Zn: Polymer-Immobilized Zn Catalyst / 2.3.12:
Outlook and Perspectives / 2.4:
Modified Nanocarbons as Catalysts in Organic Processes / Vincenzo Campisciano and Michelangelo Gruttadauria and Francesco Giacalone2.5:
Fullerene-Based Catalysts / 3.1:
Organocatalysis / 3.2.1:
Organometallic Catalysis / 3.2.2:
Carbon Nanotubes-Based Catalysts / 3.3:
Supramolecular Functionalization / 3.3.1:
Covalent Functionalization / 3.3.2:
Graphene-Based Catalysts / 3.3.2.1:
Outlook and Perspectives: Conclusions / 3.4.1:
Stereoselective Synthesis by Catalysts Supported on Magnetic Nanoferrite / Alessandro Ponti and Anna M. Ferretti and Giorgio Molteni4:
Structure and Properties of the Nanocatalysts / 4.1:
Structure Types / 4.2.1:
MNP and Catalyst / 4.2.1.1:
Structure Type I / 4.2.1.2:
Structure Type II / 4.2.1.3:
Other Structure Types / 4.2.1.4:
A Few Points About Synthesis / 4.2.2:
Magnetic Recovery / 4.2.3:
Recycling / 4.2.4:
Characterization of the Nanocatalysts / 4.3:
Morphology and Crystal Structure / 4.3.1:
Magnetic Properties / 4.3.2:
Identification of the Supported Species / 4.3.3:
Catalyst Loading and Leaching / 4.3.4:
DLS and Z-potential / 4.3.5:
Stereoselective Reactions / 4.4:
Substitutions / 4.4.1:
Condensations / 4.4.2:
Additions / 4.4.3:
Hydrogenations and Reductions / 4.4.4:
Epoxidations and Oxidations / 4.4.5:
Carbon-Carbon Couplings / 4.4.6:
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Mixtures / 4.4.7:
Metal-Organic Frameworks as Catalysts / Pillaiyar Puthiaraj and Wha-Seung Ahn4.5:
Open Metal Sites as Reaction Sites / 5.1:
Organic Linkers in the Frameworks as Reaction Sites / 5.3:
Single-Linker MOFs / 5.3.1:
Mixed Linker MOFs / 5.3.2:
Multifunctional MOFs for Catalysis / 5.4:
Post-synthetic Grafting of Active Guest Species Within MOFs / 5.5:
Grafting of Active Organic Species on Open Metal Sites / 5.5.1:
Grafting of Active Functional Groups on Organic Linkers / 5.5.2:
Grafting of Active Metal Complexes on Functionalized Organic Linkers / 5.5.3:
Encapsulation of Catalytically Active Guest Species Inside MOFs / 5.6:
Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on MOFs / 5.6.1:
Polyoxometalates (POMs) / 5.6.2:
Metalloporphyrins / 5.6.3:
MOF Membranes for Catalysis / 5.7:
Conclusions and Perspectives / 5.8:
Acknowledgments
Alternative Solvent Systems in Catalysis / Xavier Marset and Diego J. Ramón and Gabrielo Guillena6:
Ionic Liquids as Solvents for Catalytic Organic Reactions / 6.1:
Transition-Metal Promoted Reaction in Ionic Liquids / 6.2.1:
Organocatalyzed Transformations Using Ionic Liquids / 6.2.2:
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as Reaction Media in Catalysis / 6.3:
Non-innocent DES as Reaction Media / 6.3.1:
DES as Innocent Solvents for Recyclable Catalytic Transformations / 6.3.2:
Transition-Metal Catalyzed Processes / 6.3.2.1:
Organocatalyzed Reactions / 6.3.2.2:
Conclusion / 6.4:
Immobilized Chiral Organocatalysts / Carles Rodríguez-Escrich7:
Immobilized Chiral Aminocatalysts / 7.1:
Proline Derivatives / 7.2.1:
Diarylprolinol Derivatives / 7.2.2:
Imidazolidinones / 7.2.3:
Primary Amine Organocatalysts / 7.2.4:
Peptide Catalysts / 7.2.5:
Immobilized Chiral H-Bond Donors / 7.3:
Ureas and Thioureas / 7.3.1:
Squaramides / 7.3.2:
Amides and Sulfonamides / 7.3.3:
Immobilized Chiral Phosphoric Acids / 7.4:
Immobilized Lewis and Brønsted Base Organocatalysts / 7.5:
NHC Catalysts / 7.5.1:
Isothioureas / 7.5.2:
Amides as Lewis Bases / 7.5.3:
Brønsted Bases / 7.5.4:
Immobilized Phase Transfer Catalysts / 7.6:
Final Remarks and Future Perspectives / 7.7:
Catalyst Recycling in Continuous Flow Reactors / Alessandro Mandoli8:
Types of Catalytic Flow Reactors and Parameters for Assessing Their Performance / 8.1:
Soluble Catalytic Systems / 8.3:
Metal Catalysts / 8.3.1:
Organic Solvent Nanofiltration / 8.3.1.1:
Liquid-Liquid Biphasic Media and Supercritical Fluids / 8.3.1.2:
SLP Systems / 8.3.1.3:
Other Approaches / 8.3.1.4:
Metal-Free Catalysts / 8.3.2:
Insoluble Catalytic Systems / 8.4:
Packed-bed CFRs / 8.4.1:
Monolithic CFRs / 8.4.2:
Wall-coated CFRs / 8.4.3:
Reduction Reactions / 8.4.4:
Cross-Coupling Reactions / 8.4.4.2:
Membrane Reactors / Parisa Biniaz and Mohammad Amin Makarem and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour8.4.5:
Inert Membrane Reactor with Mobile Catalysts on the Reaction Side / 9.1:
Catalytically Active Membrane Reactors / 9.2.1:
Hydrogenation Reactions / 9.3.1:
Carbon-Carbon (C-C) Cross-couplings / 9.3.2:
The Immobilized Catalyst in a Porous Membrane / 9.4:
Photocatalytic Organic Synthesis and Their Utilization in the Reduction of Organic Pollutant in Membrane Reactors / 9.5:
Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors / 9.5.1:
Membrane Reactors with Suspending Catalyst in the Reaction Mixture / 9.5.2:
The Applications of Membrane Reactors in the Biodiesel Transesterification / 9.6:
Conclusion and Future Trends / 9.7:
Development of Polymer-Supported Transition-Metal Catalysts and Their Green Synthetic Applications / Takao Osako and Atsushi Ohtaka and Yasuhiro Uozumi10:
Polystyrene-Supported Transition-Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts / 10.1:
Background / 10.2.1:
Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions in Water Catalyzed by Linear-Polystyrene-Stabilized Palladium(II) Oxide or Palladium Nanoparticles / 10.2.2:
Suzuki Coupling Reaction / 10.2.2.1:
Hiyama Coupling Reaction / 10.2.2.2:
Ullmann Coupling Reaction / 10.2.2.3:
Heck Reaction / 10.2.2.4:
Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction / 10.2.2.5:
One-Pot Synthesis of Dibenzyls and 3-Arylpropanoic Acids / 10.2.2.6:
Linear-Polystyrene-Stabilized Platinum Nanoparticles: Preparation and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity in Water / 10.2.3:
Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols / 10.2.3.1:
Hydrogen-Transfer Reduction in the Presence of Polystyrene-Stabilized Platinum Nanoparticles / 10.2.3.2:
Polystyrene-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Supported Transition-Metal Catalysts / 10.3:
Aqueous Aerobic Flow Oxidation of Alcohols by Amphiphilic Resin-Dispersed Particles of Platinum (ARP-Pt) / 10.3.1:
Flow Hydrogenation of Olefins, Nitrobenzenes, and Aldehydes by Amphiphilic Resin-Dispersed Particles of Platinum (ARP-Pt) / 10.3.3:
Flow Hydrogenation by Amphiphilic Resin-Dispersed Particles of Iron (ARP-Fe) [110] / 10.3.4:
Aqueous Huisgen 1,3-Cycloaddition with an Amphiphilic Resin-Supported Triazine-Based Polyethyleneamine Dendrimer-Copper Catalyst / 10.3.5:
Aqueous Asymmetric 1,4-Addition with an Amphiphilic Resin-Supported Chiral Diene-Rhodium Complex / 10.3.6:
3D Printed Devices for Catalytic Systems / Vittorio Saggiomo10.4:
3D Printing / 11.1:
Fuse Deposition Modeling (FDM) / 11.2.1:
Millifluidic and Flow Reactors / 11.2.2:
Catalysts Embedded Thermoplastics / 11.2.3:
Resin Printers / 11.2.4:
Robocasting (Direct Ink Writing) / 11.2.5:
Powder Bed Fusion Printers / 11.2.6:
Outlook / 11.3:
General Overview on Immobilization Techniques of Enzymes for Biocatalysis / María Romero-Fernández and Francesco Parodisi12:
Physical Immobilization Methodologies / 12.1:
Entrapment / 12.2.1:
Encapsulation / 12.2.2:
Chemical Immobilization Methodologies / 12.3:
Non-covalent Bonding / 12.3.1:
Hydrophobic Adsorption / 12.3.1.1:
Ionic Exchange Adsorption / 12.3.1.2:
Covalent Bonding / 12.3.2:
Immobilized Enzymes: Applications in Organic Synthesis / Hans-Jürgen Federsel and Joan Pesti and Matthew P. Thompson12.4:
Introduction: The Quest for Chemicals and the Role of Organic Synthesis / 13.1:
Enzymes as Enablers of Synthesis / 13.2:
Enzymes in Action: Immobilized Processes on Scale / 13.3:
Key Features of Systems Operating with Immobilized Enzymes / 13.4:
Future Perspectives: The Road Ahead / 13.5:
Index
Preface
Strategies to Immobilized Catalysts: A Key Tool for Modern Chemistry / Oriana Piermatti and Raed Abu-Reziq and Luigi Vaccaro1:
Introduction / 1.1:
28.

学位論文

学位
Wang Li-Hsiang
出版情報: 東京 : 東京工業大学, 2022  1 online resource
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29.

電子ブック

EB
Anthony C. Thiselton
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , Somerset : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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Series Editors' Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction
The Aims of Reception History
The Situation and Substance of 1 Thessalonians
The City of Thessalonica
Traditional and Nineteenth-Century Arguments about the Authenticity of 2 Thessalonians and Their Criticism
The Situation and Substance of 2 Thessalonians
Some Key Interpreters in the Reception History of 1 and 2 Thessalonians
Thessalonians: / 1:
Paul's Address, Thanksgiving, Prayer, and Reflection on His Visit (1 Thessalonians 1:1-10):
Address, Thanksgiving, and Prayer (1 Thess. 1:1-6a)
Introduction and Overview
The Apostolic Fathers and the Patristic Era
The Medieval Period
The Reformation and Post-Reformation Eras
The Eighteenth Century
The Nineteenth Century
Paul's Reflection on His Visit: The Readers are an Example to Believers from Greece (1 Thess. 1:6b-10):
The Subapostolic and Patristic Era
Paul's Autobiographical Reflections and Defense (1 Thessalonians 2:1-8):
The Patristic Era
How the Readers Received the Gospel (1 Thessalonians 2:9-16):
Paul's Longing to See the Thessalonians and Timothy's Visit and News (1 Thessalonians 2:17-3:13):
The Call to Holiness, Especially to Holiness and Love in Personal Relationships (1 Thessalonians 4:1-12):
The Living and the Dead Share Together in the Parousia and in the Resurrection (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18):
Note on "the Rapture" in Dispensationalist Views of 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17
The Day of the Lord: Timing and Light (1 Thessalonians 5:1-11):
Various Christian Duties and Closure (1 Thessalonians 5:12-28):
Address, Greetings, and Thanksgiving (2 Thessalonians 1:1-4): / 2:
Encouragement and Prayer: The Judgment of God and the Revelation of Christ (2 Thessalonians 1:5-12):
The Medieval Church
The Reformation and Post-Reformation Era
The Day of the Lord (2 Thessalonians 2:1-12):
Introduction and Overview of 2: 1-12
The Advent of Christ and the "Man of Sin" (2 Thess. 2:1-6a); Note on the Antichrist:
Note on the Antichrist
The Apostolic Fathers and the Patristic Period
Eighteenth Century Pietism
"He Who Now Restrains" and "The Lawless One" (2 Thess. 2:6b-12):
Thanksgiving, Exhortation and Benediction (2 Thessalonians 2:13-17):
The Subapostolic and Patristic Eras
The Medieval Era
Further Prayer and Exhortation, Largely New Issues (2 Thessalonians 3:1-18):
Further Prayer (2 Thess. 3:1-5):
Overview
Exhortation and Admonition about "Idlers" or Undisciplined People (2 Thess. 3:6-13):
The Subapostolic and Patristic Periods
Final Exhortations, Greetings, and Benediction (2 Thess. 3:14-18):
Brief Biographies
Bibliography
Index of Biblical Order
Index of Subjects
Series Editors' Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
30.

図書

図書
Rosette M. Roat-Malone
出版情報: Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, c2020  xxii, 328 p. ; 23 cm
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Preface
Acknowledgments
Biography
About the Companion Page
Inorganic Chemistry And Biochemistry Essentials / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Essential Chemical Elements / 1.2:
Inorganic Chemistry Basics / 1.3:
Electronic and Geometric Structures of Metals in Biological Systems / 1.4:
Thermodynamics and Kinetics / 1.5:
Bioorganometallic Chemistry / 1.6:
Inorganic Chemistry Conclusions / 1.7:
Introduction to Biochemistry / 1.8:
Proteins / 1.9:
Amino Acid Building Blocks / 1.9.1:
Protein Structure / 1.9.2:
Protein Function, Enzymes, and Enzyme Kinetics / 1.9.3:
DNA and RNA Building Blocks / 1.10:
DNA and RNA Molecular Structures / 1.10.1:
Transmission of Genetic Information / 1.10.2:
Genetic Mutations and Site-Directed Mutagenesis / 1.10.3:
Genes and Cloning / 1.10.4:
Genomics and the Human Genome / 1.10.5:
CRISPR / 1.10.6:
A Descriptive Example: Electron Transport Through DNA / 1.11:
Cyclic Voltammetry / 1.11.1:
Summary and Conclusions / 1.12:
Questions and Thought Problems / 1.13:
References
Computer Hardware, Software, Computational Chemistry Methods / 2:
Introduction to Computer-Based Methods / 2.1:
Computer Hardware / 2.2:
Computer Software for Chemistry / 2.3:
Chemical Drawing Programs / 2.3.1:
Visualization Programs / 2.3.2:
Computational Chemistry Software / 2.3.3:
Molecular Dynamics (MD) Software / 2.3.3.1:
Mathematical and Graphing Software / 2.3.3.2:
Molecular Mechanics (MM), Molecular Modeling, and Molecular Dynamics (MD) / 2.4:
Quantum Mechanics-Based Computational Methods / 2.5:
Ab-Initio Methods / 2.5.1:
Semiempirical Methods / 2.5.2:
Density Functional Theory and Examples / 2.5.3:
Starting with Schrödinger / 2.5.3.1:
Density Functional Theory (DFT) / 2.5.3.2:
Basis Sets / 2.5.3.3:
DFT Applications / 2.5.3.4:
Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Methods / 2.5.4:
Conclusions on Hardware, Software, and Computational Chemistry / 2.6:
Databases, Visualization Tools, Nomenclature, and other Online Resources / 2.7:
Important Metal Centers In Proteins / 2.8:
Iron Centers in Myoglobin and Hemoglobin / 3.1:
Structure and Function as Determined by X-ray Crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance / 3.1.1:
Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Hemoglobin Structure/Function / 3.1.3:
Cryo-Electron Microscopy Techniques / 3.1.3.1:
Structures Determined Using Cryo-Electron Microscopy / 3.1.3.3:
Model Compounds / 3.1.4:
Blood Substitutes / 3.1.5:
Iron Centers in Cytochromes / 3.2:
Cytochrome c Oxidase / 3.2.1:
Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO) Structural Studies / 3.2.2:
Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO) Catalytic Cycle and Energy Considerations / 3.2.3:
Proton Channels in Cytochrome c Oxidase / 3.2.4:
Cytochrome c Oxidase Model Compounds / 3.2.5:
Iron-Sulfur Clusters in Nitrogenase / 3.3:
Nitrogenase Structure and Catalytic Mechanism / 3.3.1:
Mechanism of Dinitrogen (N2) Reduction / 3.3.3:
Substrate Pathways into Nitrogenase / 3.3.4:
Nitrogenase Model Compounds / 3.3.5:
Functional Nitrogenase Models / 3.3.5.1:
Structural Nitrogenase Models / 3.3.5.2:
Copper and Zinc in Superoxide Dismutase / 3.4:
Superoxide Dismutase Structure and Mechanism of Catalytic Activity / 3.4.1:
A Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Model Compound / 3.4.3:
Methane Monooxygenase / 3.5:
Soluble Methane Monooxygenase / 3.5.1:
Particulate Methane Monooxygenase / 3.5.3:
Hydrogenases, Carbonic Anhydrases, Nitrogen Cycle Enzymes / 3.6:
Hydrogenases / 4.1:
[NiFe]-hydrogenases / 4.2.1:
[NiFe]-hydrogenase Model Compounds / 4.2.2.1:
[FeFe]-hydrogenases / 4.2.3:
[FeFe]-Hydrogenase Model Compounds / 4.2.3.1:
[Fe]-hydrogenases / 4.2.4:
[Fe]-Hydrogenase Model Compounds / 4.2.4.1:
Carbonic Anhydrases / 4.3:
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / 4.3.1:
Nitrogen Cycle Enzymes / 4.4:
Nitric Oxide synthase / 4.4.1:
Nitric Oxide Synthase Structure / 4.4.2.1:
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors / 4.4.2.3:
Nitrite Reductase / 4.4.3:
Reduction of Nitrite Ion to Ammonium Ion / 4.4.3.1:
Reduction of Nitrite Ion to Nitric Oxide / 4.4.3.3:
Nanobioinorganic Chemistry / 4.5:
Introduction to Nanomaterials / 5.1:
Analytical Methods / 5.2:
Microscopy / 5.2.1:
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) / 5.2.1.1:
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) / 5.2.1.2:
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) / 5.2.1.3:
Cryo-Electron Microscopy / 5.2.1.4:
Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) / 5.2.1.5:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) / 5.2.1.6:
Super-Resolution Microscopy and DNA-PAINT / 5.2.1.7:
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) / 5.2.2:
DNA Origami / 5.3:
Metallized DNA Nanomaterials / 5.4:
DNA-Coated Metal Electrodes / 5.4.1:
Plasmonics and DNA / 5.4.3:
Bioimaging with Nanomaterials, Nanomedicine, and Cytotoxicity / 5.5:
Imaging with Nanomaterials / 5.5.1:
Bioimaging using Quantum Dots (QD) / 5.5.3:
Nanoparticles in Therapeutic Nanomedicine / 5.5.4:
Clinical Nanomedicine / 5.5.4.1:
Some Drugs Formulated into Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment: Cisplatinum, Platinum(IV) Prodrugs, and Doxorubicin / 5.5.4.2:
Theranostics / 5.6:
Nanoparticle Toxicity / 5.7:
Metals In Medicine, Disease States, Drug Development / 5.8:
Platinum Anticancer Agents / 6.1:
Cisplatin / 6.1.1:
Cisplatin Toxicity / 6.1.1.1:
Mechanism of Cisplatin Activity / 6.1.1.2:
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) / 6.1.2:
Oxaliplatin / 6.1.3:
Other cis-Platinum(II) Compounds / 6.1.4:
Nedaplatin / 6.1.4.1:
Lobaplatin / 6.1.4.2:
Heptaplatin / 6.1.4.3:
Antitumor Active Trans Platinum compounds / 6.1.5:
Platinum Drug Resistance / 6.1.6:
Combination Therapies: Platinum-Containing Drugs with Other Antitumor Compounds / 6.1.7:
Platinum(IV) Antitumor Drugs / 6.1.8:
Satraplatin / 6.1.8.1:
Ormaplatin / 6.1.8.2:
Iproplatin, JM9, CHIP / 6.1.8.3:
Platinum(TV) Prodrugs / 6.1.9:
Multitargeted Platinum(IV) Prodrugs / 6.1.9.1:
Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Delivered via Nanoparticles / 6.1.9.2:
Ruthenium Compounds as Anticancer Agents / 6.2:
Ruthenium(III) Anticancer Agents / 6.2.1:
Ruthenium(II) Anticancer Agents / 6.2.2:
Mechanism of Ruthenium(II) Anticancer Agent Activity / 6.2.3:
Ruthenium Compounds Tested for Antitumor Activity / 6.2.4:
Iridium and Osmium Antitumor Agents / 6.3:
Other Antitumor Agents / 6.4:
Gold Complexes / 6.4.1:
Titanium Complexes / 6.4.2:
Copper Complexes / 6.4.3:
Bismuth Derivatives as Antibacterials / 6.5:
Disease States, Drug Discovery, and Treatments / 6.6:
Superoxide Dismutases (SOD) in Disease States / 6.6.1:
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / 6.6.2:
Wilson's and Menkes Disease / 6.6.3:
Alzheimer's disease / 6.6.4:
Role of Amyloid ß Protein / 6.6.4.1:
Interactions of Aß Peptides with Metals / 6.6.4.2:
Alzheimer's Disease Treatments / 6.6.4.3:
Other Disease States Involving Metals / 6.7:
Copper and Zinc Ions and Cataract Formation / 6.7.1:
As2O3, used in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) / 6.7.2:
Vanadium-based Type 2 Diabetes Drugs / 6.7.3:
Index / 6.8:
Preface
Acknowledgments
Biography
31.

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Offshore Technology Conference
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International Conference on Microbiome Engineering ; American Institute of Chemical Engineers
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National Conference on Artificial Intelligence ; Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
出版情報: Palo Alto, Calif. : Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence , Red Hook, NY : Printed with permission by Curran Associates, 2021  p. 1343-1797 ; 27 cm
シリーズ名: 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-21) : online 2-9 February 2021 ; v. 2
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edited by Robert M Glaeser, Eva Nogales, Wah Chiu
出版情報: Bristol : IOP Publishing, c2021  1 v. ; 27 cm
シリーズ名: Biophysical Society-IOP series
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Editor biographies
Section authors
Introduction and overview / 1:
Visualizing biological molecules to understand life's principles / 1.1:
A brief historical perspective on scattering-based structural biology methods / 1.1.1:
Unique capabilities of cryo-EM: polymers and viruses / 1.1.2:
Unique capabilities of cryo-EM: integral membrane proteins / 1.1.3:
Unique capabilities of cryo-EM: large assemblies / 1.1.4:
Unique capabilities of cryo-EM: scarce samples / 1.1.5:
Unique capabilities of cryo-EM: compositionally heterogeneous samples / 1.1.6:
Unique capabilities of cryo-EM: conformationally complex samples / 1.1.7:
Current limits of cryo-EM and things yet to come / 1.1.8:
Recovery of 3D structures from images of weak-phase objects / 1.2:
The signal that we care about is attributed to elastic scattering of electrons / 1.2.1:
The electron accumulates information as it passes through a specimen / 1.2.2:
The image wave function, and thus the image intensity, suffers from imperfections in the microscope optics / 1.2.3:
Intermediate summary: the image intensity is linear in the projected Coulomb potential of the object / 1.2.4:
Structure-factor phases, as well as amplitudes, are retained in the computed Fourier transforms of image intensities / 1.2.5:
The projection theorem: the Fourier transform of an image corresponds to a 2D 'central' section within the 3D Fourier transform of the object / 1.2.6:
The 3D object can be reconstructed from multiple projections / 1.2.7:
Similarities and differences between sub-tomogram averaging and single-particle cryo-EM / 1.2.8:
References
Sample preparation / 2:
Overview / 2.1:
Initial screening of samples in negative stain / 2.2:
Introduction / 2.2.1:
Negative staining for TEM / 2.2.2:
Purpose of negative staining when starting a project / 2.2.3:
Techniques for the preparation of negatively stained samples / 2.2.4:
Use of data processing to provide feedback to optimize samples for cryo-EM / 2.2.5:
Standard method of making grids for cryo-EM / 2.3:
Grids and support films / 2.3.1:
Plasma cleaning or 'glow discharging' grids / 2.3.2:
Types of apparatus used for plunge freezing / 2.3.3:
Blotting and plunging the grid using plunge freezers / 2.3.4:
Common issues faced in making grids for cryo-EM imaging / 2.3.5:
Requirement to make very thin specimens for cryo-EM / 2.4:
Inelastic electron scattering causes the image quality to deteriorate with increasing sample thickness values / 2.4.1:
The projection approximation may fail if the sample is too thick / 2.4.2:
Areas of a grid where the sample is obviously too thick can, and should be, avoided during data collection / 2.4.3:
Areas where the sample is much too thin, perhaps even air-dried, can sometimes be avoided just on the basis of their subjective appearance / 2.4.4:
Current strategies for optimizing preparation of cryo-grids / 2.5:
Behavior of particles in the thin film environment / 2.5.1:
Approaches to alter particle behavior in the thin film / 2.5.2:
New technologies for sample preparation / 2.5.3:
Data collection / 3:
Radiation damage in cryo-EM / 3.1:
Interaction cross sections, elastic, and inelastic interactions / 3.2.1:
Cryoprotection and primary, secondary, and tertiary radiation damage / 3.2.3:
Radiation damage dependence on electron energy / 3.2.4:
Practical implications of radiation damage: image averaging in cryo-EM / 3.2.5:
Resolution dependence and exposure weighting / 3.2.6:
Radiation damage versus beam-induced motion and charging / 3.2.7:
Low-dose protocols for recording images / 3.3:
Automated low-dose imaging / 3.3.1:
Improving throughput / 3.3.2:
Electron exposure levels used during high-resolution data collection / 3.3.3:
Practical considerations: defocus. stigmation, coma-free illumination, and phase plates / 3.4:
Why do we need to defocus the microscope? / 3.4.1:
Effects of defocus on the image and its information content / 3.4.2:
Defocus variation is necessary to obtain uniform information coverage in reciprocal space / 3.4.3:
Optical correction of astigmatism and coma aberrations / 3.4.4:
Use of phase plates to improve image contrast and the expected benefits / 3.4.5:
Practical considerations: movie-mode data acquisition / 3.5:
Magnification and resolution / 3.5.1:
Dose rate / 3.5.2:
Strategies for motion correction / 3.5.3:
Total dose or exposure time / 3.5.4:
File size of movie datasets / 3.5.5:
Summary / 3.5.6:
Data processing / 4:
Automated extraction of particles / 4.1:
From micrographs to particles / 4.2.1:
Manual selection / 4.2.2:
Unbiased automated approaches / 4.2.3:
Particle extraction / 4.2.4:
Cleaning up the results through classification / 4.2.5:
CTF estimation and image correction (restoration) / 4.3:
CTF estimation / 4.3.1:
Image correction / 4.3.2:
Magnification distortion / 4.3.3:
Concluding remarks / 4.3.4:
Merging data from structurally homogeneous subsets / 4.4:
How many particle images are needed for a 3D reconstruction? / 4.4.1:
Obtaining a 3D reconstruction / 4.4.2:
Acknowledgments
3D classification of structurally heterogeneous particles / 4.5:
Global 3D classification / 4.5.1:
Masked 3D classification / 4.5.3:
3D classification of particles with pseudo-symmetry / 4.5.4:
Dealing with continuous motions / 4.5.5:
Conclusion / 4.5.6:
Preferred orientation: how to recognize and deal with adverse effects / 4.6:
Protein interaction with the air-water interface / 4.6.1:
Preferred orientation and its effects in cryo-EM / 4.6.2:
Quantifying preferred orientation and its effects on cryo-EM reconstructions / 4.6.3:
Overcoming the effects of preferred orientation / 4.6.4:
Areas of research / 4.6.5:
B factors and map sharpening / 4.7:
An ideal 3D reconstruction has a predictable radial amplitude spectrum / 4.7.1:
Actual 3D reconstructions feature dampened amplitudes at high frequencies / 4.7.2:
Several factors contribute to signal decay at high frequencies / 4.7.3:
Gaussian falloff, parametrized by a B factor, is a useful model of signal loss / 4.7.4:
Estimating B factors / 4.7.5:
Sharpening a map / 4.7.6:
A single inverse Gaussian filter using a global B factor does not always lead to the optimal map / 4.7.7:
Optical aberrations and Ewald sphere curvature / 4.8:
Further considerations on the aberration function ¿(s) / 4.8.1:
Common types of aberrations / 4.8.2:
Practical considerations for aberration correction / 4.8.3:
Thick objects and the Ewald sphere / 4.8.4:
Ewald sphere correction / 4.8.5:
Map validation / 5:
Measures of resolution: FSC and local resolution / 5.1:
The 'gold-standard' FSC / 5.2.1:
Resolution thresholds / 5.2.2:
FSC artifacts due to masking, filtration, and CTF / 5.2.3:
Local resolution / 5.2.4:
Resolution anisotropy / 5.2.5:
Recognizing the effect of bias and over-fitting / 5.3:
Introduction and nature of the problem arising from iterative refinement / 5.3.1:
Assessing the consistency of maps with projection data / 5.3.2:
Detecting over-fitting at high resolution in maps and effect on the FSC / 5.3.3:
Local over-fitting / 5.3.4:
Estimates of alignment accuracy / 5.3.5:
Correlation and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) / 5.4.1:
Analysis of alignment accuracy with synthetic data / 5.4.2:
The relationship between alignment accuracy and resolution / 5.4.3:
Estimating alignment accuracy from tilt pairs / 5.4.4:
Estimating alignment accuracy from the reconstructed map / 5.4.5:
Estimating alignment accuracy from projection-matching results / 5.4.6:
Discussion / 5.5:
Acknowledgements
Model building and validation / 6:
Using known components or homologs: model building / 6.1:
Identifying known/modeled structures of individual subunits / 6.2.1:
Rigid-body fitting / 6.2.2:
Flexible fitting / 6.2.3:
Building atomistic models in cryo-EM density maps / 6.3:
Building models into cryo-EM density maps / 6.3.1:
Model refinement / 6.3.3:
Model validation / 6.3.4:
Model uncertainty / 6.3.5:
Model deposition / 6.3.6:
Revisiting the cryo-EM model challenge / 6.3.7:
Toward the future / 6.3.8:
Conclusions / 6.3.9:
Quality evaluation of cryo-EM map-derived models / 6.4:
Map-model metrics / 6.4.1:
Model-only metrics / 6.4.3:
Summary and conclusions / 6.4.4:
Acknowledgment
How algorithms from crystallography are helping electron cryo-microscopy / 6.5:
Map improvement / 6.5.1:
Map interpretation and model building / 6.5.3:
Model optimization / 6.5.4:
Validation / 6.5.5:
Validation-guided corrections / 6.5.6:
Archiving structures and data / 6.5.7:
Single-particle cryo-EM structure deposition / 6.6.1:
Preparing files for deposition / 6.6.3:
Data validation / 6.6.4:
Sample sequence and ligands / 6.6.5:
Deposition using OneDep / 6.6.6:
Post-deposition: what happens next? / 6.6.7:
Accessing cryo-EM structure data / 6.6.8:
Editor biographies
Section authors
Introduction and overview / 1:
35.

電子ブック

EB
Viswanathan S. Saji, Umoren Saviour A.
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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Preface
Acknowledgments
Fundamentals and Approaches / Part I:
An Overview of Corrosion in Oil and Gas Industry: Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream Sectors / Yahya T. Al-Janabi1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Corrosion in Upstream Production Operations / 1.2:
Causes of Corrosion in Upstream Environments / 1.2.1:
Oxygen / 1.2.1.1:
Hydrogen Sulfide, Polysulfides, and Sulfur / 1.2.1.2:
Carbon Dioxide / 1.2.1.3:
Strong Acids / 1.2.1.4:
Concentrated Brines / 1.2.1.5:
Corrosion Types in Petroleum Production Operations / 1.2.2:
Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Production / 1.2.3:
Oil and Gas Wells / 1.2.3.1:
Inhibitor Selection / 1.2.3.2:
Practical Challenges with Inhibition / 1.2.3.3:
Inhibitor Application Methods / 1.2.3.4:
Oxygen Removal / 1.2.3.5:
Problems Encountered and Protective Measures / 1.2.4:
Drilling Fluid Corrosion / 1.2.4.1:
Primary Production / 1.2.4.2:
Corrosion in Secondary Recovery Operations / 1.2.4.3:
CO2 Injection / 1.2.5:
Corrosion of Oil and Gas Offshore Production Platforms / 1.2.6:
Corrosion of Gathering Systems and Tanks / 1.2.7:
Sweet Gas Corrosion / 1.2.7.1:
Sour Gas Corrosion / 1.2.7.2:
Oil Wells Corrosion / 1.2.7.3:
Corrosion in Midstream Sector / 1.3:
Control of Internal Corrosion in Carbon Steel Oil Pipeline Systems / 1.3.1:
Control of Internal Corrosion in Carbon Steel Gas Pipeline Systems / 1.3.2:
Control of Internal Corrosion in Carbon Steel Water Pipeline Systems / 1.3.3:
Chemical Inhibition of Internal Corrosion in Carbon Steel Pipeline Systems / 1.3.4:
Corrosion in Downstream Sector / 1.4:
Materials of Construction / 1.4.1:
Corrosion in Refineries and Petrochemical Plants / 1.4.2:
Corrosion Inhibitors in Refinery and Petrochemical Plants / 1.4.3:
Corrosion Control of Water-Recirculating Systems / 1.4.4:
Typical Corrosion Reactions in Water-Recirculating Systems / 1.4.4.1:
Water Corrosivity / 1.4.4.2:
Corrosion Control / 1.4.4.3:
Conclusions and Outlook / 1.5:
References
Fundamentals of Corrosion and Corrosion Control in Oil and Gas Sectors / Anil Bhardwaj2:
Material Degradation and Corrosion / 2.1:
Electromotive Force (EMF) Series and Galvanic Series / 2.3:
Forms of Corrosion / 2.4:
Uniform Corrosion / 2.4.1:
Galvanic or Two-Metal Corrosion / 2.4.2:
Factors Affecting Galvanic Corrosion / 2.4.2.1:
How to Reduce Galvanic Corrosion / 2.4.2.2:
Benefits of Galvanic Effect / 2.4.2.3:
Crevice Corrosion / 2.4.3:
Pitting / 2.4.4:
Intergranular Corrosion / 2.4.5:
Erosion-Corrosion / 2.4.6:
Stress-Corrosion Cracking (SCC) / 2.4.7:
Under-Deposit Corrosion (UDC) / 2.4.8:
Acid Corrosion / 2.4.9:
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion / 2.4.10:
Factors Influencing Oilfield Corrosion / 2.5:
Free Water and Water Composition / 2.5.1:
Type of Oil / 2.5.2:
Gas Composition / 2.5.3:
Pressure Effect / 2.5.4:
Temperature Effect / 2.5.5:
Velocity Effect / 2.5.6:
Material Selection / 2.6:
Environment Control / 2.6.2:
Proper Design / 2.6.3:
Chemical Treatment / 2.6.4:
Environmental Factors Affecting Corrosion Inhibition in Oil and Gas Industry / Mohamed A. Migahed2.7:
Environmental Factors Affecting Corrosion Inhibition / 3.1:
Influence of Temperature and Pressure / 3.2.1:
Influence of Flow Parameters / 3.2.2:
Effect of Natural Gases / 3.2.3:
Effect of Sulfur Dioxide / 3.2.3.1:
Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide / 3.2.3.2:
Effect of Carbon Dioxide / 3.2.3.3:
Effect of Cationic Species / 3.2.4:
Effect of Anionic Species / 3.2.5:
Effect of Microorganisms / 3.2.6:
Effect of pH / 3.2.7:
Effect of the Pre-corrosion / 3.2.8:
Key Materials in Oil and Gas Production and the Choice of Inhibitors / Thiago J. Mesquita and Hervé Marchebois3.3:
Materials in Oil and Gas Industry / 4.1:
Carbon Steel or CRA? / 4.2.1:
Non-metallic Materials / 4.2.2:
The Choice of Corrosion Inhibitor for Oil and Gas Production / 4.3:
Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitor / 4.3.1:
Laboratory Corrosion Inhibitor Selection / 4.3.2:
Principles of CI Qualification Tests / 4.4:
Bubble Test / 4.4.1:
Partitioning Test / 4.4.2:
Corrosivity of the Water Phase After Partitioning / 4.4.2.1:
Titrability and Partitioning Coefficient / 4.4.2.2:
Impact on the Process Test / 4.4.3:
Emulsion Tendency / 4.4.3.1:
Foaming Tendency / 4.4.3.2:
Wheel Test / 4.4.4:
HP Corrosion Test Loop / 4.4.5:
HP Jet Impingement Test / 4.4.6:
Corrosion Inhibition in Oil and Gas Industry: Economic Considerations / Anupama R. Prasad and Anupama Kunyankandy and Abraham Joseph4.5:
Corrosion: Global Economic Loss / 5.1:
Historical Summary of Corrosion Cost Studies / 5.2.1:
NACE-IMPACT: Global Corrosion Cost / 5.2.2:
Global Corrosion Management-IMPACT Estimate / 5.2.3:
Depreciation in Oil and Gas Industries / 5.3:
Corrosion Attacks / 5.3.1:
Failures and Risk Factors / 5.3.2:
Fiscal Impacts / 5.4:
Corrosion Costs a Lot / 5.4.1:
Inhibition: Monetary Measures / 5.5:
Worthy Monitoring / 5.5.1:
Protection in Proper Way / 5.5.2:
Choice of Inhibitors / 5.6:
Corrosion Inhibitors for Acidizing Process in Oil and Gas Sectors / Kashif R. Ansari and Dheeraj Singh Chauhan and Ambrish Singh and Viswanathan S. Saji and Mumtaz A. Quraishi6:
Acidizing Process / 6.1:
Type of Oil Well Reservoirs / 6.2.1:
Types of Acid Used / 6.2.2:
Methods Used to Control Acidizing Process / 6.2.3:
Retarded Acid Systems / 6.2.3.1:
Gelled Acids / 6.2.3.2:
Chemically Retarded Acids / 6.2.3.3:
Emulsified Acids / 6.2.3.4:
Acid Selection / 6.2.4:
Rock-Dissolving Capacity of Acid / 6.2.4.1:
Spending Time of Acid / 6.2.4.2:
Solubility of Reaction Products / 6.2.4.3:
Density and Viscosity / 6.2.4.4:
Etching Pattern After Acidizing / 6.2.4.5:
Types of Acidizing Process / 6.2.5:
Application of Corrosion Inhibitors in Acidizing Processes / 6.3:
Selected Acidizing Inhibitors / 6.4:
Corrosion Inhibitors for Sweet Oilfield Environment (CO2 Corrosion) / Ubong Eduok and Jerzy Szpunar6.5:
Mechanism of CO2 Corrosion / 7.1:
Factors Affecting Sweet Corrosion / 7.3:
Effects of Hydrogen Concentration (pH) and Temperature / 7.3.1:
Effects of Flow Rate and Partial Pressure / 7.3.2:
Effects of Molecular Oxygen and Iron Ions (Fe2+) Concentration / 7.3.3:
Toward Inhibition and Control of Sweet Corrosion / 7.4:
Altering Corrosion Kinetics with Corrosion Inhibitors / 7.5:
Corrosion Inhibitors for Sweet Oilfield Environments / 7.6:
Corrosion Inhibitors Based on Smaller Molecules / 7.6.1:
Imidazoline Derivatives / 7.6.1.1:
Cyclic Non-imidazoline Compounds / 7.6.1.2:
Acyclic Non-imidazoline Compounds / 7.6.1.3:
Corrosion Inhibitors Based on Macromolecules / 7.6.2:
Polymers / 7.6.2.1:
Plant Biomass Extracts / 7.6.2.2:
Others / 7.6.2.3:
Biocorrosion in Saturated CO2 Media / 7.7:
Corrosion Inhibitors for Sour Oilfield Environment (H2S Corrosion) / Saviour A. Umoren and Moses M. Solomon and Viswanathan S. Saji7.8:
Impact of Corrosion on Economy and Life / 8.1:
Background on Sour Corrosion / 8.1.2:
Factors Influencing Sour Corrosion / 8.1.3:
Effect of H2S Concentration / 8.1.3.1:
Effect of Temperature and Exposure Duration / 8.1.3.2:
Effect of Flow Rate / 8.1.3.3:
Effect of H2S Partial Pressure / 8.1.3.4:
Effect of Fluid Chemistry / 8.1.3.5:
Corrosion Inhibitors for Sour Oilfield Environment / 8.2:
Amine-Based Inhibitors / 8.2.1:
Imidazoline-Based Inhibitors / 8.2.2:
Gemini Surfactant-Based Inhibitors / 8.2.3:
Polymer-Based Inhibitors / 8.2.4:
Corrosion Inhibitors for Refinery Operations / 8.3:
Areas/Units Where Inhibitors Are in Demand in Refineries / 9.1:
Atmospheric and Vacuum Crude Oil Distillation Units / 9.2.1:
Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Coker / 9.2.2:
Hydroprocessing / 9.2.3:
Catalytic Reforming / 9.2.4:
Amine (Acid Gas Treatment) Plants / 9.2.5:
Support Units / 9.2.6:
Types of Aggressive Species Encountered in Refineries / 9.3:
Air / 9.3.1:
Water / 9.3.2:
Hydrogen Sulfide / 9.3.3:
Hydrogen Chloride / 9.3.4:
Nitrogen Compounds / 9.3.5:
Sour Water / 9.3.6:
Common Types of Inhibitors Employed/Reported in Refinery Units / 9.4:
Neutralizers / 9.4.1:
Filming Inhibitors / 9.4.2:
Inhibitors for High-Temperature Corrosion in Oil and Gas Fields / Vitalis I. Chukwuike and Rakesh C. Barik9.5:
High-Temperature Corrosion in Oil and Gas Fields / 10.1:
Mechanism of High-Temperature Corrosion in Oil and Gas Field / 10.3:
High-Temperature Oxidation / 10.3.1:
High-Temperature Sulfidation / 10.3.2:
High-Temperature Carburization / 10.3.3:
High-Temperature Chlorination / 10.3.4:
High-Temperature Nitridation / 10.3.5:
Sulfidation-Oxidation / 10.3.6:
Corrosion Due to Formation of Ash, Deposits, and Molten Salts / 10.3.7:
Categories and Choice of Inhibitors for Oil and Gas High-Temperature Corrosion / 10.4:
Calcium Carbonate Scale and Ash Deposit Inhibitors / 10.4.1:
High-Temperature Acidization Corrosion Inhibitors / 10.4.2:
High-Temperature Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Inhibitors / 10.4.3:
Other Inhibitors of High-Temperature Corrosion / 10.4.4:
Experience in Using Chemicals to Mitigate Corrosion in Difficult Corrosive Environments in the Oil and Gas Industry / Sunder Ramachandran10.5:
Corrosion Inhibition for Systems with High Amounts of H2S / 11.1:
Corrosion Inhibition for CO2 Tertiary Flood Systems and CO2 Sequestration / 11.3:
Corrosion Inhibition in Deepwater Systems / 11.4:
Corrosion Inhibition at High Temperatures / 11.5:
Polymeric Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Industry / Saviour A. Umoren and Moses M. Solomon11.6:
Polymeric Corrosion Inhibitors / 12.1:
Polymeric Inhibitors for Chemical Cleaning / 12.2.1:
Inhibitors for Acidization Process / 12.2.2:
Inhibitors for Sweet and Sour Environments / 12.2.3:
Inhibitors for High-Temperature Applications / 12.2.4:
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Inhibition in Oil and Gas Industry / Bhawna Chugh and Sanjeeve Thakur and Ashish Kumar Singh12.3:
Biofilm Formation / 13.1:
Microbial Communities Related to Corrosion / 13.3:
Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria / 13.3.1:
Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria / 13.3.2:
Acid-Producing Bacteria / 13.3.3:
Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria / 13.3.4:
Slime-Forming Bacteria / 13.3.5:
Potential Prevention Strategies / 13.4:
Periodic Pigging / 13.4.1:
Cleanliness / 13.4.2:
Cathodic Protection and Coatings / 13.4.3:
Biocides/Inhibitors / 13.4.4:
Biological Treatment / 13.4.5:
Recent Developments of Chemical Inhibitors to Mitigate MIC / 13.5:
Biological Inhibition of MIC / 13.6:
Corrosion Inhibition by Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria / 13.6.1:
Corrosion Inhibition by Regenerative Biofilms / 13.6.2:
Corrosion Inhibition by Eviction of Corrosive Agents / 13.6.2.1:
Corrosion Inhibition by Formation of Protective Barrier Layer / 13.6.2.2:
Corrosion Inhibition via Antimicrobial Producing Biofilm / 13.6.2.3:
Corrosion Possessing Biofilm Secreted Corrosion Inhibitor / 13.6.2.4:
Corrosion Inhibition with Biofilm Secreted Bio Surfactant / 13.6.2.5:
Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Field Applications / Benjamín Valdez-Salas and Michael Schorr-Wiener and Nelson Cheng13.7:
Magna International VPCIs / 14.1:
Corrosion and Its Control in OGI / 14.3:
Fundamentals of Corrosion / 14.3.1:
Oil and Gas Industries / 14.3.2:
OGI Sectors / 14.3.3:
Corrosiveness of Oil and Gas Products / 14.3.4:
Metals and Alloys in OGI / 14.3.5:
Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors / 14.4:
Fundamentals / 14.4.1:
VPCI Application in OGI / 14.4.2:
Testing and Monitoring of VPCI / 14.4.3:
Research and Development / 14.4.4:
Mechanisms of Inhibitor Action: Passivation and Self-Healing / Ivana Jevremovic and Ying-Hsuan Chen and Abdulrahman Altin and Andreas Erbe14.5:
Systematics and Phenomenology / 15.1:
Surface Active Inhibitors / 15.3:
Case Study (1): Imidazoline-Based Surfactant for Mitigation of Mild Steel Corrosion in the Presence of CO2 / 15.4:
Case Study (2): The Interaction of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) with Copper / 15.5:
Case Study (3): ¿-Cyclodextrin Facilitates Release of Inhibitors / 15.6:
Interaction with Co-additives / 15.7:
Antiscalants and Their Compatibility with Corrosion Inhibitors / Qiwei Wang and Tao Chen16:
Scale Formation / 16.1:
Scale Mitigation Strategy / 16.3:
Flow Control / 16.3.1:
Fluid Alteration / 16.3.2:
Deposit Removal / 16.3.3:
Chemical Inhibition / 16.3.4:
Antiscalant Chemistry / 16.4:
Antiscalant Function Mechanisms / 16.5:
Nucleation Inhibition / 16.5.1:
Crystal Growth Retardation / 16.5.2:
Crystal Shape Modification / 16.5.3:
Dispersion / 16.5.4:
Antiscalant Treatment / 16.6:
Compatibility with Corrosion Inhibitors / 16.7:
Impact of Corrosion Inhibitor on Antiscalant Performance / 16.7.1:
Impact of Antiscalant on Corrosion Inhibitor Performance / 16.7.2:
Hydrate Inhibitors and Their Interferences in Corrosion Inhibition / Yutaek Seo16.8:
Gas Hydrate Blockage Formation Process / 17.1:
Hydrates Inhibition Strategies with Alcohols or Glycols / 17.3:
Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors / 17.4:
Interaction Between Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibitors / 17.5:
Sulfide Scavengers and Their Interference in Corrosion Inhibition / Viswanathan S. Saji17.6:
Sulfide Scavengers: Types and Properties / 18.1:
Corrosion and Fouling Inhibiting/Inducing Properties of Scavengers and Their Compatibility with Co-additives / 18.3:
Index / 18.4:
Preface
Acknowledgments
Fundamentals and Approaches / Part I:
36.

図書

図書
SPE Technical Conference and Exhibition ; Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME
出版情報: Richardson, Tex. : Society of Petroleum Engineers , Red Hook, NY : Printed from e-media with permission by Curran Associates, 2020, c2019  p. 737-1473 ; 28 cm
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Bernhaupt, Carmelo Ardito, Stefan Sauer
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer International Publishing, 2020
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出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2020
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出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2021
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Jan Friso Groote, Rolf Morel, Julien Schmaltz, Adam Watkins
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer International Publishing, 2021
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Basic components and combinatorial circuits / 1:
The three basic logic gates / 1.1:
Other logic gates / 1.2:
Physical realisation of gates / 1.3:
MOSFET transistors / 1.3.1:
CMOS gates / 1.3.2:
Switching delays / 1.3.3:
Moore's law / 1.3.4:
Algebraic manipulation and duality / 1.4:
Two-layer circuits / 1.5:
Karnaugh maps / 1.6:
Functional completeness of the nand gate / 1.7:
Multiplexers / 1.8:
Summary / 1.9:
Numbers, basic circuits, and the ALU / 2:
Representation of unsigned numbers / 2.1:
Two's complement representation of integers / 2.2:
Adding unsigned numbers / 2.3:
Adding two's complement numbers / 2.4:
Subtraction / 2.5:
Comparing unsigned and two's complement numbers / 2.6:
Arithmetic circuits: addition and subtraction / 2.7:
Addition: the half- and full adder / 2.7.1:
The carry look-ahead adder / 2.7.2:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) / 2.8:
Multiplication / 2.9:
Alternative representations for numbers / 2.10:
Sign and magnitude / 2.10.1:
One's complement / 2.10.2:
Floating-point numbers / 2.10.3:
Parity bits and Hamming codes / 2.10.4:
Gray code / 2.10.5:
Representation of character sets / 2.11:
Sequential circuits / 2.12:
A one-time latch / 3.1:
The set-reset flip-flop/set-reset latch / 3.2:
The D-Iatch/D-flip-flop / 3.3:
Registers / 3.4:
Finite state machines / 3.5:
An example state machine with four states / 3.5.1:
Encoding the state machine / 3.5.2:
Realising the state machine using logic gates and flip-flops / 3.5.3:
Random access memory / 3.6:
Finite state machines to control registers / 3.7:
Hardware description languages / 3.8:
An elementary processor / 3.9:
The general structure of the processor / 4.1:
The instruction set / 4.2:
The instruction fetch and the register transfer language / 4.3:
The format of machine code instructions / 4.4:
Implementing instructions on the processor / 4.5:
Optimisation of the execution of instructions / 4.6:
More advanced instructions / 4.7:
Input and output / 4.8:
Interrupts / 4.9:
Assembly programming / 4.10:
Labels and comments, EQU and CONS / 5.1:
Arithmetic calculations / 5.2:
A timed loop / 5.3:
Basic data structures / 5.4:
Arrays / 5.4.1:
Stacks / 5.4.2:
Linked lists / 5.4.3:
Memory layout / 5.5:
Allocation dependence / 5.5.1:
Relocatable code and data / 5.5.2:
Subroutines / 5.6:
Saving the return address / 5.6.1:
Returning values / 5.6.2:
Passing arguments on the stack / 5.6.3:
Local variables / 5.6.4:
Interrupt routines / 5.7:
Interrupt handlers / 5.7.1:
Installing handlers / 5.7.2:
An example: displaying keyboard strokes / 5.7.3:
Multitasking and multithreading / 5.8:
Timer interrupts and context switching / 5.8.1:
Data structures for multitasking / 5.8.2:
Compiling higher-level languages / 5.9:
A simple higher-level programming language / 6.1:
Context free grammars and parsing / 6.2:
Type checking / 6.3:
Compilation scheme / 6.4:
Compiler optimisation / 6.5:
Compilation of other language constructs / 6.6:
Input/output / 6.6.1:
More complex data types / 6.6.2:
Parameter passing / 6.6.3:
Classes and objects / 6.6.4:
Flow control / 6.6.5:
Exception handling / 6.6.6:
Computer organisation / 6.7:
Starting a computer system / 7.1:
The Basic Input Output System and the Power On Self Test / 7.1.1:
The boot loader / 7.1.2:
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface / 7.1.3:
Operating systems / 7.2:
Processor modes / 7.2.1:
System calls / 7.2.2:
Memory organisation / 7.3:
Virtual memory / 7.3.1:
Replacement policies / 7.3.2:
Translation look aside buffers / 7.3.3:
Code, stack, data and other segments / 7.3.4:
Caches / 7.4:
Placement policies / 7.4.1:
Multi- and many-core processor machines / 7.5:
The Raspberry Pi and the ARM processor / 7.6:
Raspberry Pi overview / 8.1:
The ARM architecture / 8.2:
ARM architecture instruction sets / 8.2.1:
ARM architecture profiles / 8.2.2:
ARM security modes / 8.2.3:
Virtual memory (the memory management unit) / 8.3:
Memory attributes / 8.3.1:
Memory attributes and the VMMU / 8.3.2:
The system memory management unit / 8.3.3:
The ARM instruction set / 8.4:
Instruction groups / 8.4.1:
Setting flags and conditional execution / 8.4.2:
Arguments and addressing modes / 8.4.3:
The ARM calling convention / 8.5:
The use of system calls / 8.6:
An extended instruction set for the simple processor / 8.7:
The ARM 32-bit instruction set / B:
Syntax of the register transfer language / C:
Answers to the exercises
Answers for Chapter 1 / D.1:
Answers for Chapter 2 / D.2:
Answers for Chapter 3 / D.3:
Answers for Chapter 4 / D.4:
Answers for Chapter 5 / D.5:
Answers for Chapter 6 / D.6:
Answers for Chapter 7 / D.7:
Answers for Chapter 8 / D.8:
References
Index
Basic components and combinatorial circuits / 1:
The three basic logic gates / 1.1:
Other logic gates / 1.2:
56.

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Katsunori Tanaka
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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Summary of Currently Available Mouse Models / Amilto and Namiko Ito and Kimie Niimi and Takashi Ami and Eiki Takahashi1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Origin and History of Laboratory Mice / 1.2:
Laboratory Mouse Strains / 1.3:
Wild-Derived Mice / 1.3.1:
Inbred Mice / 1.3.2:
Hybrid Mice / 1.3.3:
Outbred Stocks / 1.3.4:
Closed Colony / 1.3.5:
Congenic Mice / 1.3.6:
Mutant Mice / 1.4:
Spontaneous / 1.4.1:
Transgenesis / 1.4.2:
Targeted Mutagenesis / 1.4.3:
Inducible Mutagenesis / 1.4.4:
Cre-loxP System / 1.4.5:
CRISPR/Cas9 System / 1.4.6:
Resources of Laboratory Strains / 1.5:
Germ-Free Mice / 1.6:
Gnotobiotic Mice / 1.7:
Specific Pathogen-Free Mice / 1.8:
Immunocompetent and Immunodeficient Mice / 1.9:
Mouse Health Monitoring / 1.10:
Production and Maintenance of Mouse Colony / 1.11:
Production Planning / 1.11.1:
Breeding Systems and Mating Schemes / 1.11.2:
Mating / 1.12:
Gestation Period / 1.13:
Parturition / 1.14:
Parental Behavior and Rearing Pups / 1.15:
Growth of Pups / 1.16:
Reproductive Lifespan / 1.17:
Record Keeping and Colony Organization / 1.18:
Animal Identification / 1.19:
Animal Models in Preclinical Research / 1.20:
References
General Notes of Chemical Administration to Live Animals / Ami Ito and Nomiko Ito and Takashi Arai and Eiki Takahashi and Kimie Niimi2:
Restraint / 2.1:
One-Handed Restraint / 2.2.1:
Two-Handed Restraint / 2.2.2:
Substances / 2.3:
Substance Characteristics / 2.3.1:
Vehicle Characteristics / 2.3.2:
Frequency and Volume of Administration / 2.3.3:
Needle Size / 2.3.4:
Anesthesia / 2.4:
Inhaled Agents / 2.4.1:
Injectable Agents / 2.4.2:
Euthanasia / 2.5:
Administration / 2.6:
Enteral Administration / 2.6.1:
Oral Administration / 2.6.1.1:
Intragastric Administration / 2.6.1.2:
Parenteral Administration / 2.6.2:
Subcutaneous Administration / 2.6.2.1:
Intraperitoneal Administration / 2.6.2.2:
Intravenous Administration / 2.6.2.3:
Intramuscular Administration / 2.6.2.4:
Intranasal Administration / 2.6.2.5:
Intradermal Administration / 2.6.2.6:
Epicutaneous Administration / 2.6.2.7:
Intratracheal Administration / 2.6.2.8:
Inhalational Administration / 2.6.2.9:
Retro-orbital Administration / 2.6.2.10:
Optical-Based Detection in Live Animals / Mikako Ogawa and Hideo Takakura3:
Basics of Luminescence / 3.1:
Appropriate Wavelengths for Live Animal Imaging / 3.1.2:
Advantages and Disadvantages of In Vivo Optical Imaging / 3.1.3:
Fluorescence Imaging in Live Animals / 3.2:
Fluorescent Molecules for Live Animal Imaging / 3.2.1:
How to Detect Fluorescence in Live Animals? / 3.2.2:
Activatable Probes / 3.2.3:
Microscope / 3.2.4:
Application of Fluorescence Imaging to Drug Development / 3.2.5:
Luminescence Imaging in Live Animals / 3.3:
Luminescence Systems for Live Animal Imaging / 3.3.1:
Firefly/Beetle Luciferin-Luciferase System / 3.3.1.1:
Coelenterazine-Dependent Luciferase System / 3.3.1.2:
Chemiluminescence System / 3.3.1.3:
How to Detect Luminescence in Live Animals? / 3.3.2:
Luciferase-Based Bioluminescence Probes for In Vivo Imaging / 3.3.3:
Summary / 3.4:
Ultrasound Imaging in Live Animals / Francesco Faita4:
High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging / 4.1:
Ultrasound Contrast Agents / 4.3:
Photoacoustic Imaging / 4.4:
Preclinical Applications / 4.5:
Cardiovascular / 4.5.1:
Oncology / 4.5.2:
Developmental Biology / 4.5.3:
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging in Live Animals / Xiaowei Ma and Zhen Cheng5:
Brief History of PET / 5.1:
Principles of PET / 5.3:
Small-Animal PET Scanners / 5.4:
PET Imaging Tracers / 5.5:
Metabolic Probe / 5.5.1:
Specific Receptor Targeting Probe / 5.5.2:
Gene Expression / 5.5.3:
Specific Enzyme Substrate / 5.5.4:
Microenvironment Probe / 5.5.5:
Biological Processes / 5.5.6:
Perfusion Probes / 5.5.7:
Nanoparticles / 5.5.8:
PET in Animal Imaging / 5.6:
PET in Oncology Model / 5.6.1:
Cancer Diagnosis / 5.6.1.1:
Personal Treatment Screening / 5.6.1.2:
Therapeutic Effect Monitoring / 5.6.1.3:
Radiotherapy Planning / 5.6.1.4:
Drug Discovery / 5.6.1.5:
PET in Cardiology Model / 5.6.2:
PET in Neurology Model / 5.6.3:
PET Imaging in Other Disease Models / 5.6.4:
PET Image Analysis / 5.7:
Outlook for the Future / 5.8:
Reference
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging in Live Animals / Yusuke Yagi and Hidekazu Kawashima and Kenji Arimitsu and Koki Hasegawa and Hiroyuki Kimura6:
SPECT Devices Used in Small Animals / 6.1:
Innovative Preclinical Full-Body SPECT Imager for Rats and Mice: ¿-CUBE / 6.2.1:
Innovative Preclinical Full-Body PET Imager for Rats and Mice: ß-CUBE / 6.2.2:
Innovative Preclinical Full-Body CT Imager for Rats and Mice: X-CUBE / 6.2.3:
Animal Monitoring: Its Importance and Overview of MOLECUBES's Integrated Solution to Advance Physiological Monitoring / 6.2.4:
Selected Applications Acquired on the CUBES / 6.2.5:
SPECT Imaging with ¿-CUBE / 6.2.5.1:
PET Imaging with ß-CUBE / 6.2.5.2:
CT Imaging with X-CUBE / 6.2.5.3:
Characteristics of SPECT Radionuclides and SPECT Imaging Probes / 6.3:
Characteristics of SPECT Radionuclides / 6.3.1:
Characteristics of SPECT Imaging Probes / 6.3.2:
Radiolabeling / 6.4:
Characteristic of Radiolabeling / 6.4.1:
Radiolabeling with Technetium-99m / 6.4.2:
Radiolabeling with Iodine-123 and Iodine-131 / 6.4.3:
Radioactive Iodine Labeling for Small Molecular Compounds / 6.4.4:
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reaction / 6.4.5:
In Vivo Imaging of Disease Models / 6.5:
Imaging of Central Nervous System Disease / 6.5.1:
Alzheimer's Disease / 6.5.1.1:
Parkinson's Disease / 6.5.1.2:
Cerebral Ischemia / 6.5.1.3:
Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease / 6.5.2:
Atherosclerotic Plaque / 6.5.2.1:
Myocardial Ischemia / 6.5.2.2:
Imaging of Cancer / 6.5.2.3:
Conclusions / 6.6:
Radiotherapeutic Applications / Koki Hasegawa and Hidekazu Kawashima and Yusuke Yagi and Hiroyuki Kimura7:
Radionuclide Therapy in Tumor-Bearing Mice / 7.1:
Radiotherapy with ß-Emitting Nuclides / 7.2.1:
Radiotherapy Using ¿-Emitting Nuclides / 7.2.2:
Radiolabeling Strategy / 7.3:
Labeled Target Compounds / 7.3.1:
211At-Labeled Compounds / 7.3.2:
Chelating Agents for 90Y, 177Lu, 225Ac, 213Bi / 7.3.3:
Peptides for Radionuclide Therapy / 7.3.4:
Octreotate (TATE) and [Tyr3]-Octreotide (TOC) / 7.3.4.1:
NeoBOMB1 / 7.3.4.2:
Pentixather / 7.3.4.3:
PSMA-617 / 7.3.4.4:
Minigastrin / 7.3.4.5:
Antibodies for Radionuclide Therapy / 7.3.5:
Lintuzumab / 7.3.5.1:
Rituximab / 7.3.5.2:
Trastuzumab / 7.3.5.3:
Examples of Radiotherapeutic Agents and Target Diseases / 7.3.6:
Radiotheranostics / 7.4:
Radiotheranostics Probe / 7.4.1:
Our Approach to Radiotheranostic Probe Development / 7.4.2:
Expectations and Challenges in Radiotheranostics / 7.4.3:
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) / 7.4.4:
Current Status of BNCT Drugs / 7.4.5:
4-Borono-L-Phenylalanine (BPA) / 7.4.5.1:
Sodium Borocaptate (BSH) / 7.4.5.2:
Conclusion / 7.5:
Metabolic Glycan Engineering in Live Animals: Using Bio-orthogonal Chemistry to Alter Cell Surface Glycans / Danielle H. Dube and Daniel A. Williams8:
Overview of Metabolic Glycan Engineering / 8.1:
Origin of Metabolic Glycan Engineering / 8.2.1:
Expansion of the Methodology to Include Unnatural Functional Groups and Bio-orthogonal Elaboration / 8.2.2:
Bio-orthogonal Chemistries that Alter Cell Surface Glycans / 8.3:
Bio-orthogonal Chemistries Amenable to Deployment in Live Animals / 8.3.1:
Bio-orthogonal Chemistries Amenable to Deployment on Cells / 8.3.2:
Permissive Carbohydrate Biosynthetic Pathways / 8.4:
Deployment of Unnatural Monosaccharides in Mammalian Cells / 8.4.1:
Unnatural Sugars that Label Glycans on Bacterial Cells / 8.4.2:
Cell- and Tissue-Specific Delivery of Unnatural Sugars / 8.5:
Harness Inherent Differences in Carbohydrate Biosynthesis / 8.5.1:
Metabolically Label Cells Ex vivo Before Introducing Them In vivo / 8.5.2:
Label Tissues or Organs In vivo Before Analyzing them Ex vivo / 8.5.3:
Employ Tissue-Specific Enzymes to Release Monosaccharide Substrates / 8.5.4:
Deliver Monosaccharide Substrates via Liposomes / 8.5.5:
Use Tissue-Specific Transporters to Induce Monosaccharide Uptake / 8.5.6:
Applications of Metabolic Glycan Labeling in Mice / 8.6:
Imaging Glycans in Mice / 8.6.1:
Covalent Delivery of Therapeutics in Mice / 8.6.2:
Beyond Mice: Metabolic Glycan Engineering in Diverse Animals / 8.7:
Zebra Fish / 8.7.1:
Worms / 8.7.2:
Plants / 8.7.3:
Conclusions and Future Outlook / 8.8:
Metabolic Glycan Engineering Offers a Test Bed for Bio-orthogonal Chemistries / 8.8.1:
New Bio-orthogonal Reactions Could Transform the Field / 8.8.2:
Basic Questions About Glycans Within Living Systems Remain Unanswered / 8.8.3:
Acknowledgments
In Vivo Bioconjugation Using Bio-orthogonal Chemistry / Maksim Royzen and Nathan Yee and Jose M. Mejia Oneto9:
IEDDA Chemistry Between trans-Cyclooctene and Tetrazine / 9.1:
Synthesis of New Tetrazines and Characterization of Their Reactivity / 9.1.2:
Second Generation of IEDDA Reagents / 9.1.3:
Bond-cleaving Bio-orthogonal "Click-to-Release" Chemistry / 9.1.4:
In Vivo Applications of IEDDA Chemistry / 9.2:
Pretargeting Approach for Cell Imaging / 9.2.1:
Pretargeting Approach for In Vivo Imaging / 9.2.2:
Application of the Pretargeting Strategy for In Vivo Radio Imaging / 9.2.3:
In Vivo Drug Activation Using Bond-cleaving Bio-orthogonal Chemistry / 9.2.4:
Reloadable Materials Allow Local Prodrug Activation / 9.2.5:
Reloadable Materials Allow Local Prodrug Activation Using IEDDA Chemistry / 9.2.6:
Controlled Activation of siRNA Using IEDDA Chemistry / 9.2.7:
Future Outlook / 9.3:
In Vivo Targeting of Endogenous Proteins with Reactive Small Molecules / Naoyo Shindo and Akio Ojida10:
Ligand-Directed Chemical Ligation / 10.1:
Ligand-Directed Tosyl Chemistry / 10.2.1:
Ligand-Directed Acyl Imidazole Chemistry / 10.2.2:
Other Chemical Reactions for Endogenous Protein Labeling / 10.2.3:
Labeling Chemistry of Targeted Covalent Inhibitors / 10.3:
Michael Acceptors / 10.3.1:
Haloacetamides / 10.3.2:
Activated Esters, Amides, Carbamates, and Ureas / 10.3.3:
Sulfur(VI) Fluorides / 10.3.4:
Other Warheads and Reactions / 10.3.5:
In Vivo Metal Catalysis in Living Biological Systems / Kenward Vong and Katsunori Tanaka10.4:
Metal Complex Catalysts / 11.1:
Protein Decaging / 11.2.1:
Protein Bioconjugation / 11.2.2:
Small Molecule - Bond Formation / 11.2.3:
Small Molecule - Bond Cleavage / 11.2.4:
Artificial Metalloenzymes / 11.3:
ArMs Utilizing Naturally Occurring Metals / 11.3.1:
ArMs Utilizing Abiotic Transition Metals / 11.3.2:
Concluding Remarks / 11.4:
Chemical Catalyst-Mediated Selective Photo-oxygenation of Pathogenic Amyloids / Youhei Sohma and Motomu Kanai12:
Catalytic Photo-oxygenation of Aß Using a Flavin-Peptide Conjugate / 12.1:
On-Off Switchable Photo-oxygenation Catalysts that Sense Higher Order Amyloid Structures / 12.3:
Near-Infrared Photoactivatable Oxygenation Catalysts: Application to Amyloid Disease Model Mice / 12.4:
Closing Remarks / 12.5:
Nanomedicine Therapies / Patrícia Figueiredo and Flavia Fontana and Hélder A. Santos13:
Engineering Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Applications / 13.1:
Physicochemical Properties of NPs / 13.2.1:
Surface Functionalization / 13.2.2:
Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials / 13.2.3:
Route of Administration / 13.2.4:
Nanomedicine Platforms / 13.3:
Lipidic Nanoplatforms / 13.3.1:
Polymer-Based Nanoplatforms / 13.3.2:
Inorganic Nanoplatforms / 13.3.3:
Biomimetic Cell-Derived Nanoplatforms / 13.3.4:
Photoactivatable Targeting Methods / Xiangzhao Ai and Ming Hu and Bengang Xing13.4:
UV Light-Responsive Theranostics / 14.1:
UV Light-Triggered Photocaged Strategy / 14.2.1:
UV Light-Mediated Photoisomerization Strategy / 14.2.2:
Visible Light-Responsive Theranostics / 14.3:
Near-Infrared (NIR) Light-Responsive Theranostics / 14.4:
NIR Light-Mediated Drug Delivery Approach / 14.4.1:
NIR Light-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Approach / 14.4.2:
NIR Light-Mediated Photothermal Therapy (PTT) Approach / 14.4.3:
Conclusion and Prospects / 14.5:
Acknowledgment
Photoactivatable Drug Release Methods from Liposomes / Hailey I. Kilian and Dyego Miranda and Jonathan F. Lovell15:
Light-Sensitive Liposomes / 15.1:
Mechanisms of Light-Triggered Release from Liposomes / 15.2:
Light-Induced Oxidation / 15.2.1:
Photocrosslinking / 15.2.2:
Photoisomerization / 15.2.3:
Photocleavage / 15.2.4:
Photothermal Release / 15.2.5:
Peptide Targeting Methods / Ruei-Min Lu and Chien-Hsun Wu and Ajay V. Patil and Han-Chung Wu16:
Identification of Targeting Peptides / 16.1:
Natural Ligands and Biomimetics / 16.2.1:
Phage Display Peptide Library Screening / 16.2.2:
Synthetic Peptide Library Screening / 16.2.3:
Therapeutic Applications of Targeting Peptides / 16.3:
Therapeutic Peptides / 16.3.1:
Naturally Occurring Peptides / 16.3.1.1:
Peptide Conjugates / 16.3.1.2:
Drug Delivery / 16.3.2:
Peptide-Drug Conjugates / 16.3.2.1:
Peptide-Targeted Nanoparticles / 16.3.2.2:
Molecular Imaging Mediated by Targeting Peptides / 16.4:
Optical Imaging / 16.4.1:
Targeting Peptides for Tumor Imaging / 16.4.1.1:
Integrin ¿vß3 - RGD Tripeptide Targeting Probes: / 16.4.1.2:
Near-Infrared Imaging / 16.4.1.3:
Positron Emission Tomography / 16.4.2:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 16.4.3:
Summary and Future Perspectives / 16.5:
Glycan-Mediated Targeting Methods / Kenward Vong and Katsunori Tanaka and Koichi Fukase17:
Liver and Liver-Based Disease Targeting / 17.1:
Parenchymal Cell Targeting / 17.2.1:
Nonparenchymal Cell Targeting / 17.2.2:
Immune System Targeting / 17.3:
Alveolar Macrophage Targeting / 17.3.1:
Peritoneal Macrophage Targeting / 17.3.2:
Dendritic Cell Targeting / 17.3.3:
Brain Macrophage Targeting / 17.3.4:
Bacterial Cell Targeting / 17.4:
Cancer Targeting / 17.5:
Natural Monosaccharide-Based Methods / 17.5.1:
Synthetic Sugars / 17.5.2:
Complex Glycan Scaffold / 17.5.3:
Index / 17.6:
Summary of Currently Available Mouse Models / Amilto and Namiko Ito and Kimie Niimi and Takashi Ami and Eiki Takahashi1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Origin and History of Laboratory Mice / 1.2:
57.

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edited by Katsunori Tanaka, Kenward Vong
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2020  1 online resource (563 pages)
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Summary of Currently Available Mouse Models / Amilto and Namiko Ito and Kimie Niimi and Takashi Ami and Eiki Takahashi1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Origin and History of Laboratory Mice / 1.2:
Laboratory Mouse Strains / 1.3:
Wild-Derived Mice / 1.3.1:
Inbred Mice / 1.3.2:
Hybrid Mice / 1.3.3:
Outbred Stocks / 1.3.4:
Closed Colony / 1.3.5:
Congenic Mice / 1.3.6:
Mutant Mice / 1.4:
Spontaneous / 1.4.1:
Transgenesis / 1.4.2:
Targeted Mutagenesis / 1.4.3:
Inducible Mutagenesis / 1.4.4:
Cre-loxP System / 1.4.5:
CRISPR/Cas9 System / 1.4.6:
Resources of Laboratory Strains / 1.5:
Germ-Free Mice / 1.6:
Gnotobiotic Mice / 1.7:
Specific Pathogen-Free Mice / 1.8:
Immunocompetent and Immunodeficient Mice / 1.9:
Mouse Health Monitoring / 1.10:
Production and Maintenance of Mouse Colony / 1.11:
Production Planning / 1.11.1:
Breeding Systems and Mating Schemes / 1.11.2:
Mating / 1.12:
Gestation Period / 1.13:
Parturition / 1.14:
Parental Behavior and Rearing Pups / 1.15:
Growth of Pups / 1.16:
Reproductive Lifespan / 1.17:
Record Keeping and Colony Organization / 1.18:
Animal Identification / 1.19:
Animal Models in Preclinical Research / 1.20:
References
General Notes of Chemical Administration to Live Animals / Ami Ito and Nomiko Ito and Takashi Arai and Eiki Takahashi and Kimie Niimi2:
Restraint / 2.1:
One-Handed Restraint / 2.2.1:
Two-Handed Restraint / 2.2.2:
Substances / 2.3:
Substance Characteristics / 2.3.1:
Vehicle Characteristics / 2.3.2:
Frequency and Volume of Administration / 2.3.3:
Needle Size / 2.3.4:
Anesthesia / 2.4:
Inhaled Agents / 2.4.1:
Injectable Agents / 2.4.2:
Euthanasia / 2.5:
Administration / 2.6:
Enteral Administration / 2.6.1:
Oral Administration / 2.6.1.1:
Intragastric Administration / 2.6.1.2:
Parenteral Administration / 2.6.2:
Subcutaneous Administration / 2.6.2.1:
Intraperitoneal Administration / 2.6.2.2:
Intravenous Administration / 2.6.2.3:
Intramuscular Administration / 2.6.2.4:
Intranasal Administration / 2.6.2.5:
Intradermal Administration / 2.6.2.6:
Epicutaneous Administration / 2.6.2.7:
Intratracheal Administration / 2.6.2.8:
Inhalational Administration / 2.6.2.9:
Retro-orbital Administration / 2.6.2.10:
Optical-Based Detection in Live Animals / Mikako Ogawa and Hideo Takakura3:
Basics of Luminescence / 3.1:
Appropriate Wavelengths for Live Animal Imaging / 3.1.2:
Advantages and Disadvantages of In Vivo Optical Imaging / 3.1.3:
Fluorescence Imaging in Live Animals / 3.2:
Fluorescent Molecules for Live Animal Imaging / 3.2.1:
How to Detect Fluorescence in Live Animals? / 3.2.2:
Activatable Probes / 3.2.3:
Microscope / 3.2.4:
Application of Fluorescence Imaging to Drug Development / 3.2.5:
Luminescence Imaging in Live Animals / 3.3:
Luminescence Systems for Live Animal Imaging / 3.3.1:
Firefly/Beetle Luciferin-Luciferase System / 3.3.1.1:
Coelenterazine-Dependent Luciferase System / 3.3.1.2:
Chemiluminescence System / 3.3.1.3:
How to Detect Luminescence in Live Animals? / 3.3.2:
Luciferase-Based Bioluminescence Probes for In Vivo Imaging / 3.3.3:
Summary / 3.4:
Ultrasound Imaging in Live Animals / Francesco Faita4:
High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging / 4.1:
Ultrasound Contrast Agents / 4.3:
Photoacoustic Imaging / 4.4:
Preclinical Applications / 4.5:
Cardiovascular / 4.5.1:
Oncology / 4.5.2:
Developmental Biology / 4.5.3:
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging in Live Animals / Xiaowei Ma and Zhen Cheng5:
Brief History of PET / 5.1:
Principles of PET / 5.3:
Small-Animal PET Scanners / 5.4:
PET Imaging Tracers / 5.5:
Metabolic Probe / 5.5.1:
Specific Receptor Targeting Probe / 5.5.2:
Gene Expression / 5.5.3:
Specific Enzyme Substrate / 5.5.4:
Microenvironment Probe / 5.5.5:
Biological Processes / 5.5.6:
Perfusion Probes / 5.5.7:
Nanoparticles / 5.5.8:
PET in Animal Imaging / 5.6:
PET in Oncology Model / 5.6.1:
Cancer Diagnosis / 5.6.1.1:
Personal Treatment Screening / 5.6.1.2:
Therapeutic Effect Monitoring / 5.6.1.3:
Radiotherapy Planning / 5.6.1.4:
Drug Discovery / 5.6.1.5:
PET in Cardiology Model / 5.6.2:
PET in Neurology Model / 5.6.3:
PET Imaging in Other Disease Models / 5.6.4:
PET Image Analysis / 5.7:
Outlook for the Future / 5.8:
Reference
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging in Live Animals / Yusuke Yagi and Hidekazu Kawashima and Kenji Arimitsu and Koki Hasegawa and Hiroyuki Kimura6:
SPECT Devices Used in Small Animals / 6.1:
Innovative Preclinical Full-Body SPECT Imager for Rats and Mice: ¿-CUBE / 6.2.1:
Innovative Preclinical Full-Body PET Imager for Rats and Mice: ß-CUBE / 6.2.2:
Innovative Preclinical Full-Body CT Imager for Rats and Mice: X-CUBE / 6.2.3:
Animal Monitoring: Its Importance and Overview of MOLECUBES's Integrated Solution to Advance Physiological Monitoring / 6.2.4:
Selected Applications Acquired on the CUBES / 6.2.5:
SPECT Imaging with ¿-CUBE / 6.2.5.1:
PET Imaging with ß-CUBE / 6.2.5.2:
CT Imaging with X-CUBE / 6.2.5.3:
Characteristics of SPECT Radionuclides and SPECT Imaging Probes / 6.3:
Characteristics of SPECT Radionuclides / 6.3.1:
Characteristics of SPECT Imaging Probes / 6.3.2:
Radiolabeling / 6.4:
Characteristic of Radiolabeling / 6.4.1:
Radiolabeling with Technetium-99m / 6.4.2:
Radiolabeling with Iodine-123 and Iodine-131 / 6.4.3:
Radioactive Iodine Labeling for Small Molecular Compounds / 6.4.4:
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reaction / 6.4.5:
In Vivo Imaging of Disease Models / 6.5:
Imaging of Central Nervous System Disease / 6.5.1:
Alzheimer's Disease / 6.5.1.1:
Parkinson's Disease / 6.5.1.2:
Cerebral Ischemia / 6.5.1.3:
Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease / 6.5.2:
Atherosclerotic Plaque / 6.5.2.1:
Myocardial Ischemia / 6.5.2.2:
Imaging of Cancer / 6.5.2.3:
Conclusions / 6.6:
Radiotherapeutic Applications / Koki Hasegawa and Hidekazu Kawashima and Yusuke Yagi and Hiroyuki Kimura7:
Radionuclide Therapy in Tumor-Bearing Mice / 7.1:
Radiotherapy with ß-Emitting Nuclides / 7.2.1:
Radiotherapy Using ¿-Emitting Nuclides / 7.2.2:
Radiolabeling Strategy / 7.3:
Labeled Target Compounds / 7.3.1:
211At-Labeled Compounds / 7.3.2:
Chelating Agents for 90Y, 177Lu, 225Ac, 213Bi / 7.3.3:
Peptides for Radionuclide Therapy / 7.3.4:
Octreotate (TATE) and [Tyr3]-Octreotide (TOC) / 7.3.4.1:
NeoBOMB1 / 7.3.4.2:
Pentixather / 7.3.4.3:
PSMA-617 / 7.3.4.4:
Minigastrin / 7.3.4.5:
Antibodies for Radionuclide Therapy / 7.3.5:
Lintuzumab / 7.3.5.1:
Rituximab / 7.3.5.2:
Trastuzumab / 7.3.5.3:
Examples of Radiotherapeutic Agents and Target Diseases / 7.3.6:
Radiotheranostics / 7.4:
Radiotheranostics Probe / 7.4.1:
Our Approach to Radiotheranostic Probe Development / 7.4.2:
Expectations and Challenges in Radiotheranostics / 7.4.3:
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) / 7.4.4:
Current Status of BNCT Drugs / 7.4.5:
4-Borono-L-Phenylalanine (BPA) / 7.4.5.1:
Sodium Borocaptate (BSH) / 7.4.5.2:
Conclusion / 7.5:
Metabolic Glycan Engineering in Live Animals: Using Bio-orthogonal Chemistry to Alter Cell Surface Glycans / Danielle H. Dube and Daniel A. Williams8:
Overview of Metabolic Glycan Engineering / 8.1:
Origin of Metabolic Glycan Engineering / 8.2.1:
Expansion of the Methodology to Include Unnatural Functional Groups and Bio-orthogonal Elaboration / 8.2.2:
Bio-orthogonal Chemistries that Alter Cell Surface Glycans / 8.3:
Bio-orthogonal Chemistries Amenable to Deployment in Live Animals / 8.3.1:
Bio-orthogonal Chemistries Amenable to Deployment on Cells / 8.3.2:
Permissive Carbohydrate Biosynthetic Pathways / 8.4:
Deployment of Unnatural Monosaccharides in Mammalian Cells / 8.4.1:
Unnatural Sugars that Label Glycans on Bacterial Cells / 8.4.2:
Cell- and Tissue-Specific Delivery of Unnatural Sugars / 8.5:
Harness Inherent Differences in Carbohydrate Biosynthesis / 8.5.1:
Metabolically Label Cells Ex vivo Before Introducing Them In vivo / 8.5.2:
Label Tissues or Organs In vivo Before Analyzing them Ex vivo / 8.5.3:
Employ Tissue-Specific Enzymes to Release Monosaccharide Substrates / 8.5.4:
Deliver Monosaccharide Substrates via Liposomes / 8.5.5:
Use Tissue-Specific Transporters to Induce Monosaccharide Uptake / 8.5.6:
Applications of Metabolic Glycan Labeling in Mice / 8.6:
Imaging Glycans in Mice / 8.6.1:
Covalent Delivery of Therapeutics in Mice / 8.6.2:
Beyond Mice: Metabolic Glycan Engineering in Diverse Animals / 8.7:
Zebra Fish / 8.7.1:
Worms / 8.7.2:
Plants / 8.7.3:
Conclusions and Future Outlook / 8.8:
Metabolic Glycan Engineering Offers a Test Bed for Bio-orthogonal Chemistries / 8.8.1:
New Bio-orthogonal Reactions Could Transform the Field / 8.8.2:
Basic Questions About Glycans Within Living Systems Remain Unanswered / 8.8.3:
Acknowledgments
In Vivo Bioconjugation Using Bio-orthogonal Chemistry / Maksim Royzen and Nathan Yee and Jose M. Mejia Oneto9:
IEDDA Chemistry Between trans-Cyclooctene and Tetrazine / 9.1:
Synthesis of New Tetrazines and Characterization of Their Reactivity / 9.1.2:
Second Generation of IEDDA Reagents / 9.1.3:
Bond-cleaving Bio-orthogonal "Click-to-Release" Chemistry / 9.1.4:
In Vivo Applications of IEDDA Chemistry / 9.2:
Pretargeting Approach for Cell Imaging / 9.2.1:
Pretargeting Approach for In Vivo Imaging / 9.2.2:
Application of the Pretargeting Strategy for In Vivo Radio Imaging / 9.2.3:
In Vivo Drug Activation Using Bond-cleaving Bio-orthogonal Chemistry / 9.2.4:
Reloadable Materials Allow Local Prodrug Activation / 9.2.5:
Reloadable Materials Allow Local Prodrug Activation Using IEDDA Chemistry / 9.2.6:
Controlled Activation of siRNA Using IEDDA Chemistry / 9.2.7:
Future Outlook / 9.3:
In Vivo Targeting of Endogenous Proteins with Reactive Small Molecules / Naoyo Shindo and Akio Ojida10:
Ligand-Directed Chemical Ligation / 10.1:
Ligand-Directed Tosyl Chemistry / 10.2.1:
Ligand-Directed Acyl Imidazole Chemistry / 10.2.2:
Other Chemical Reactions for Endogenous Protein Labeling / 10.2.3:
Labeling Chemistry of Targeted Covalent Inhibitors / 10.3:
Michael Acceptors / 10.3.1:
Haloacetamides / 10.3.2:
Activated Esters, Amides, Carbamates, and Ureas / 10.3.3:
Sulfur(VI) Fluorides / 10.3.4:
Other Warheads and Reactions / 10.3.5:
In Vivo Metal Catalysis in Living Biological Systems / Kenward Vong and Katsunori Tanaka10.4:
Metal Complex Catalysts / 11.1:
Protein Decaging / 11.2.1:
Protein Bioconjugation / 11.2.2:
Small Molecule - Bond Formation / 11.2.3:
Small Molecule - Bond Cleavage / 11.2.4:
Artificial Metalloenzymes / 11.3:
ArMs Utilizing Naturally Occurring Metals / 11.3.1:
ArMs Utilizing Abiotic Transition Metals / 11.3.2:
Concluding Remarks / 11.4:
Chemical Catalyst-Mediated Selective Photo-oxygenation of Pathogenic Amyloids / Youhei Sohma and Motomu Kanai12:
Catalytic Photo-oxygenation of Aß Using a Flavin-Peptide Conjugate / 12.1:
On-Off Switchable Photo-oxygenation Catalysts that Sense Higher Order Amyloid Structures / 12.3:
Near-Infrared Photoactivatable Oxygenation Catalysts: Application to Amyloid Disease Model Mice / 12.4:
Closing Remarks / 12.5:
Nanomedicine Therapies / Patrícia Figueiredo and Flavia Fontana and Hélder A. Santos13:
Engineering Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Applications / 13.1:
Physicochemical Properties of NPs / 13.2.1:
Surface Functionalization / 13.2.2:
Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials / 13.2.3:
Route of Administration / 13.2.4:
Nanomedicine Platforms / 13.3:
Lipidic Nanoplatforms / 13.3.1:
Polymer-Based Nanoplatforms / 13.3.2:
Inorganic Nanoplatforms / 13.3.3:
Biomimetic Cell-Derived Nanoplatforms / 13.3.4:
Photoactivatable Targeting Methods / Xiangzhao Ai and Ming Hu and Bengang Xing13.4:
UV Light-Responsive Theranostics / 14.1:
UV Light-Triggered Photocaged Strategy / 14.2.1:
UV Light-Mediated Photoisomerization Strategy / 14.2.2:
Visible Light-Responsive Theranostics / 14.3:
Near-Infrared (NIR) Light-Responsive Theranostics / 14.4:
NIR Light-Mediated Drug Delivery Approach / 14.4.1:
NIR Light-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Approach / 14.4.2:
NIR Light-Mediated Photothermal Therapy (PTT) Approach / 14.4.3:
Conclusion and Prospects / 14.5:
Acknowledgment
Photoactivatable Drug Release Methods from Liposomes / Hailey I. Kilian and Dyego Miranda and Jonathan F. Lovell15:
Light-Sensitive Liposomes / 15.1:
Mechanisms of Light-Triggered Release from Liposomes / 15.2:
Light-Induced Oxidation / 15.2.1:
Photocrosslinking / 15.2.2:
Photoisomerization / 15.2.3:
Photocleavage / 15.2.4:
Photothermal Release / 15.2.5:
Peptide Targeting Methods / Ruei-Min Lu and Chien-Hsun Wu and Ajay V. Patil and Han-Chung Wu16:
Identification of Targeting Peptides / 16.1:
Natural Ligands and Biomimetics / 16.2.1:
Phage Display Peptide Library Screening / 16.2.2:
Synthetic Peptide Library Screening / 16.2.3:
Therapeutic Applications of Targeting Peptides / 16.3:
Therapeutic Peptides / 16.3.1:
Naturally Occurring Peptides / 16.3.1.1:
Peptide Conjugates / 16.3.1.2:
Drug Delivery / 16.3.2:
Peptide-Drug Conjugates / 16.3.2.1:
Peptide-Targeted Nanoparticles / 16.3.2.2:
Molecular Imaging Mediated by Targeting Peptides / 16.4:
Optical Imaging / 16.4.1:
Targeting Peptides for Tumor Imaging / 16.4.1.1:
Integrin ¿vß3 - RGD Tripeptide Targeting Probes: / 16.4.1.2:
Near-Infrared Imaging / 16.4.1.3:
Positron Emission Tomography / 16.4.2:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 16.4.3:
Summary and Future Perspectives / 16.5:
Glycan-Mediated Targeting Methods / Kenward Vong and Katsunori Tanaka and Koichi Fukase17:
Liver and Liver-Based Disease Targeting / 17.1:
Parenchymal Cell Targeting / 17.2.1:
Nonparenchymal Cell Targeting / 17.2.2:
Immune System Targeting / 17.3:
Alveolar Macrophage Targeting / 17.3.1:
Peritoneal Macrophage Targeting / 17.3.2:
Dendritic Cell Targeting / 17.3.3:
Brain Macrophage Targeting / 17.3.4:
Bacterial Cell Targeting / 17.4:
Cancer Targeting / 17.5:
Natural Monosaccharide-Based Methods / 17.5.1:
Synthetic Sugars / 17.5.2:
Complex Glycan Scaffold / 17.5.3:
Index / 17.6:
Summary of Currently Available Mouse Models / Amilto and Namiko Ito and Kimie Niimi and Takashi Ami and Eiki Takahashi1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Origin and History of Laboratory Mice / 1.2:
58.

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Michael. Friedewald, Stephan Krenn, Ina Schiering, Stefan Schiffner
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2022
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59.

図書

図書
National Conference on Artificial Intelligence ; Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
出版情報: Palo Alto, Calif. : Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence , Red Hook, NY : Printed with permission by Curran Associates, 2021  p. 6993-7482 ; 27 cm
シリーズ名: 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-21) : online 2-9 February 2021 ; v. 8
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60.

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図書
National Conference on Artificial Intelligence ; Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
出版情報: Palo Alto, Calif. : Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence , Red Hook, NY : Printed with permission by Curran Associates, 2021  p. 10737-11218 ; 27 cm
シリーズ名: 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-21) : online 2-9 February 2021 ; v. 12
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Composites and Advanced Materials Expo ; Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering
出版情報: Diamond Bar, California, USA : SAMPE, c2021  648-1282 p ; 28 cm
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図書

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Rishi Gupta ... [et al.], editors
出版情報: Cham : Springer, c2023  xviii p., p. 623-1214 ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in civil engineering ; v. 348
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Janusz. Kacprzyk, Valentina E. Balas, Mostafa Ezziyyani
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2022
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64.

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Svetlin G. Georgiev
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer International Publishing, 2021
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Introduction / 1:
The Spaces J0 and J / 1.1:
The Lp Spaces / 1.2:
Definition / 1.2.1:
The Inequalities of Hölder and Minkowski / 1.2.2:
Some Properties / 1.2.3:
The Riesz-Fischer Theorem / 1.2.4:
Separability / 1.2.5:
Duality / 1.2.6:
General Lp Spaces / 1.2.7:
The Convolution of Locally Integrable Functions / 1.3:
Cones in Rn / 1.4:
Advanced Practical Problems / 1.5:
Notes and References / 1.6:
Generalities on Distributions / 2:
Definitions / 2.1:
Order of a Distribution / 2.2:
Change of Variables / 2.3:
Sequences and Series / 2.4:
Support / 2.5:
Singular Support / 2.6:
Measures / 2.7:
Multiplying Distributions by J Functions / 2.8:
Differentiation / 2.9:
Derivatives / 3.1:
The Local Structure of Distributions / 3.2:
The Primitive of a Distribution / 3.3:
Simple and Double Layers on Surfaces / 3.4:
Homogeneous Distributions / 3.5:
Properties / 4.1:
The Direct Product of Distributions / 4.3:
Convolutions / 5.1:
Existence / 6.1:
The Convolution Algebras D1 (r+) and D1(r) / 6.4:
Regularization of Distributions / 6.5:
Fractional Differentiation and Integration / 6.6:
Tempered Distributions / 6.7:
Direct Product / 7.1:
Convolution / 7.3:
Integral Transforms / 7.4:
The Fourier Transform in J(Rn) / 8.1:
The Fourier Transform in J1(Rn) / 8.2:
Properties of the Fourier Transform in J1(Rn) / 8.3:
The Fourier Transform of Distributions with Compact Support / 8.4:
The Fourier Transform of Convolutions / 8.5:
The Laplace Transform / 8.6:
Fundamental Solutions / 8.6.1:
Definition and Properties / 9.1:
Fundamental Solutions of Ordinary Differential Operators / 9.2:
Fundamental Solutions of the Heat Operators / 9.3:
Fundamental Solution of the Laplace Operator / 9.4:
Sobolev Spaces / 9.5:
Elementary Properties / 10.1:
Approximation by Smooth Functions / 10.3:
Extensions / 10.4:
Traces / 10.5:
Sobolev Inequalities / 10.6:
The Space H-s / 10.7:
References / 10.8:
Index
Introduction / 1:
The Spaces J0 and J / 1.1:
The Lp Spaces / 1.2:
65.

学位論文

学位
Wenxuan Xu
出版情報: 東京 : 東京工業大学, 2022  1 online resource
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66.

図書

図書
Robert W. Boyd
出版情報: London : Academic Press, c2020  xxiii, 609 p. ; 24 cm
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Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
The Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility / Chapter 1:
Introduction to Nonlinear Optics / 1.1:
Descriptions of Nonlinear Optical Processes / 1.2:
Second-Harmonic Generation / 1.2.1:
Sum- and Difference-Frequency Generation / 1.2.2:
Sum-Frequency Generation / 1.2.3:
Difference-Frequency Generation / 1.2.4:
Optical Parametric Oscillation / 1.2.5:
Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Processes / 1.2.6:
Third-Harmonic Generation / 1.2.7:
Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index / 1.2.8:
Third-Order Interactions (General Case) / 1.2.9:
Parametric versus Nonparametric Processes / 1.2.10:
Saturable Absorption / 1.2.11:
Two-Photon Absorption / 1.2.12:
Stimulated Raman Scattering / 1.2.13:
Formal Definition of the Nonlinear Susceptibility / 1.3:
Nonlinear Susceptibility of a Classical Anharmonic Oscillator / 1.4:
Noncentrosymmetric Media / 1.4.1:
Miller's Rule / 1.4.2:
Centrosymmetric Media / 1.4.3:
Properties of the Nonlinear Susceptibility / 1.5:
Reality of the Fields / 1.5.1:
Intrinsic Permutation Symmetry / 1.5.2:
Symmetries for Lossless Media / 1.5.3:
Field Energy Density for a Nonlinear Medium / 1.5.4:
Kleinman's Symmetry / 1.5.5:
Contracted Notation / 1.5.6:
Effective Value of d (deff) / 1.5.7:
Spatial Symmetry of the Nonlinear Medium / 1.5.8:
Influence of Spatial Symmetry on the Linear Optical Properties of a Material Medium / 1.5.9:
Influence of Inversion Symmetry on the Second-Order Nonlinear Response / 1.5.10:
Influence of Spatial Symmetry on the Second-Order Susceptibility / 1.5.11:
Number of Independent Elements of X2ijk(¿3, ¿2, ¿1) / 1.5.12:
Distinction between Noncentrosymmetric and Cubic Crystal Classes / 1.5.13:
Distinction between Noncentrosymmetric and Polar Crystal Classes / 1.5.14:
Influence of Spatial Symmetry on the Third-Order Nonlinear Response / 1.5.15:
Time-Domain Description of Optical Nonlinearities / 1.6:
Kramers-Kronig Relations in Linear and Nonlinear Optics / 1.7:
Kramers-Kronig Relations in Linear Optics / 1.7.1:
Kramers-Kronig Relations in Nonlinear Optics / 1.7.2:
Problems
References
Wave-Equation Description of Nonlinear Optical interactions / Chapter 2:
The Wave Equation for Nonlinear Optical Media / 2.1:
The Coupled-Wave Equations for Sum-Frequency Generation / 2.2:
Phase-Matching Considerations / 2.2.1:
Phase Matching / 2.3:
Quasi-Phase-Matching (QPM) / 2.4:
The Manley-Rowe Relations / 2.5:
Applications of Second-Harmonic Generation / 2.6:
Difference-Frequency Generation and Parametric Amplification / 2.8:
Optical Parametric Oscillators / 2.9:
Influence of Cavity Mode Structure on OPO Tuning / 2.9.1:
Nonlinear Optical Interactions with Focused Gaussian Beams / 2.10:
Paraxial Wave Equation / 2.10.1:
Gaussian Beams / 2.10.2:
Harmonic Generation Using Focused Gaussian Beams / 2.10.3:
Nonlinear Optics at an Interface / 2.11:
Advanced Phase Matching Methods / 2.12:
Quantum-Mechanical Theory of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility / Chapter 3:
Introduction / 3.1:
Schrödinger Equation Calculation of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility / 3.2:
Energy Eigenstates / 3.2.1:
Perturbation Solution to Schrödinger's Equation / 3.2.2:
Linear Susceptibility / 3.2.3:
Second-Order Susceptibility / 3.2.4:
Third-Order Susceptibility / 3.2.5:
Third-Harmonic Generation in Alkali Metal Vapors / 3.2.6:
Density Matrix Formulation of Quantum Mechanics / 3.3:
Example: Two-Level Atom / 3.3.1:
Perturbation Solution of the Density Matrix Equation of Motion / 3.4:
Density Matrix Calculation of the Linear Susceptibility / 3.5:
Linear Response Theory / 3.5.1:
Density Matrix Calculation of the Second-Order Susceptibility / 3.6:
¿(2) in the Limit of Nonresonant Excitation / 3.6.1:
Density Matrix Calculation of the Third-Order Susceptibility / 3.7:
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency / 3.8:
Local-Field Effects in the Nonlinear Optics / 3.9:
Local-Field Effects in Linear Optics / 3.9.1:
Local-Field Effects in Nonlinear Optics / 3.9.2:
The Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index / Chapter 4:
Descriptions of the Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index / 4.1:
Tensor Nature of the Third-Order Susceptibility / 4.2:
Propagation through Isotropic Nonlinear Media / 4.2.1:
Nonresonant Electronic Nonlinearities / 4.3:
Classical, Anharmonic Oscillator Model of Electronic Nonlinearities / 4.3.1:
Quantum-Mechanical Model of Nonresonant Electronic Nonlinearities / 4.3.2:
¿(3) in the Low-Frequency Limit / 4.3.3:
Nonlinearities Due to Molecular Orientation / 4.4:
Tensor Properties of ¿(3) for the Molecular Orientation Effect / 4.4.1:
Thermal Nonlinear Optical Effects / 4.5:
Thermal Nonlinearities with Continuous-Wave Laser Beams / 4.5.1:
Thermal Nonlinearities with Pulsed Laser Beams / 4.5.2:
Semiconductor Nonlinearities / 4.6:
Nonlinearities Resulting from Band-to-Band Transitions / 4.6.1:
Nonlinearities Involving Virtual Transitions / 4.6.2:
Concluding Remarks / 4.7:
Molecular Origin of the Nonlinear Optical Response / Chapter 5:
Nonlinear Susceptibilities Calculated Using Time-Independent Perturbation Theory / 5.1:
Hydrogen Atom / 5.1.1:
General Expression for the Nonlinear Susceptibility in the Quasi-Static Limit / 5.1.2:
Semiempirical Models of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility / 5.2:
Model of Boling, Glass, and Owyoung
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Conjugated Polymers / 5.3:
Bond-Charge Model of Nonlinear Optical Properties / 5.4:
Nonlinear Optics of Chiral Media / 5.5:
Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals / 5.6:
Nonlinear Optics in the Two-Level Approximation / Chapter 6:
Density Matrix Equations of Motion for a Two-Level Atom / 6.1:
Closed Two-Level Atom / 6.2.1:
Open Two-Level Atom / 6.2.2:
Two-Level Atom with a Non-Radiatively Coupled Third Level / 6.2.3:
Steady-State Response of a Two-Level Atom to a Monochromatic Field / 6.3:
Optical Bloch Equations / 6.4:
Harmonic Oscillator Form of the Density Matrix Equations / 6.4.1:
Adiabatic-Following Limit / 6.4.2:
Rabi Oscillations and Dressed Atomic States / 6.5:
Rabi Solution of the Schrodinger Equation / 6.5.1:
Solution for an Atom Initially in the Ground State / 6.5.2:
Dressed States / 6.5.3:
Inclusion of Relaxation Phenomena / 6.5.4:
Optical Wave Mixing in Two-Level Systems / 6.6:
Solution of the Density Matrix Equations for a Two-Level Atom in the Presence of Pump and Probe Fields / 6.6.1:
Nonlinear Susceptibility and Coupled-Amplitude Equations / 6.6.2:
Processes Resulting from the Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index / Chapter 7:
Self-Focusing of Light and Other Self-Action Effects / 7.1:
Self-Trapping of Light / 7.1.1:
Mathematical Description of Self-Action Effects / 7.1.2:
Laser Beam Breakup into Many Filaments / 7.1.3:
Self-Action Effects with Pulsed Laser Beams / 7.1.4:
Optical Phase Conjugation / 7.2:
Aberration Correction by Phase Conjugation / 7.2.1:
Phase Conjugation by Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing / 7.2.2:
Polarization Properties of Phase Conjugation / 7.2.3:
Optical Bistability and Optical Switching / 7.3:
Absorptive Bistability / 7.3.1:
Refractive Bistability / 7.3.2:
Optical Switching / 7.3.3:
Two-Beam Coupling / 7.4:
Pulse Propagation and Temporal Solitons / 7.5:
Self-Phase Modulation / 7.5.1:
Pulse Propagation Equation / 7.5.2:
Temporal Optical Solitons / 7.5.3:
Spontaneous Light Scattering and Acoustooptics / Chapter 8:
Features of Spontaneous Light Scattering / 8.1:
Fluctuations as the Origin of Light Scattering / 8.1.1:
Scattering Coefficient / 8.1.2:
Scattering Cross Section / 8.1.3:
Microscopic Theory of Light Scattering / 8.2:
Thermodynamic Theory of Scalar Light Scattering / 8.3:
Ideal Gas / 8.3.1:
Spectrum of the Scattered Light / 8.3.2:
Brillouin Scattering / 8.3.3:
Stokes Scattering (First Term in Eq. (8.3.36)) / 8.3.4:
Anti-Stokes Scattering (Second Term in Eq. (8.3.36)) / 8.3.5:
Rayleigh Center Scattering / 8.3.6:
Acoustooptics / 8.4:
Bragg Scattering of Light by Sound Waves / 8.4.1:
Raman-Nath Effect / 8.4.2:
Stimulated Brillouin and Stimulated Rayleigh Scattering / Chapter 9:
Stimulated Scattering Processes / 9.1:
Electrostriction / 9.2:
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (Induced by Electrostriction) / 9.3:
Pump Depletion Effects in SBS / 9.3.1:
SBS Generator / 9.3.2:
Transient and Dynamical Features of SBS / 9.3.3:
Phase Conjugation by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering / 9.4:
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Gases / 9.5:
General Theory of Stimulated Brillouin and Stimulated Rayleigh Scattering / 9.6:
Appendix: Definition of the Viscosity Coefficients / 9.6.1:
Stimulated Raman Scattering and Stimulated Rayleigh-Wing Scattering / Chapter 10:
The Spontaneous Raman Effect / 10.1:
Spontaneous versus Stimulated Raman Scattering / 10.2:
Stimulated Raman Scattering Described by the Nonlinear Polarization / 10.3:
Stokes-Anti-Stokes Coupling in Stimulated Raman Scattering / 10.4:
Dispersionless, Nonlinear Medium without Gain or Loss / 10.4.1:
Medium without a Nonlinearity / 10.4.2:
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering / 10.4.3:
Stimulated Rayleigh-Wing Scattering / 10.6:
Polarization Properties of Stimulated Rayleigh-Wing Scattering / 10.6.1:
The Electrooptic and Photorefractive Effects / Chapter 11:
Introduction to the Electrooptic Effect / 11.1:
Linear Electrooptic Effect / 11.2:
Electrooptic Modulators / 11.3:
Introduction to the Photorefractive Effect / 11.4:
Photorefractive Equations of Kukhtarev et al / 11.5:
Two-Beam Coupling in Photorefractive Materials / 11.6:
Four-Wave Mixing in Photorefractive Materials / 11.7:
Externally Self-Pumped Phase-Conjugate Mirror / 11.7.1:
Internally Self-Pumped Phase-Conjugate Mirror / 11.7.2:
Double Phase-Conjugate Mirror / 11.7.3:
Other Applications of Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics / 11.7.4:
Optically Induced Damage and Multiphoton Absorption / Chapter 12:
Introduction to Optical Damage / 12.1:
Avalanche-Breakdown Model / 12.2:
Influence of Laser Pulse Duration / 12.3:
Direct Photoionization / 12.4:
Multiphoton Absorption and Multiphoton Ionization / 12.5:
Theory of Single- and Multiphoton Absorption and Fermi's Golden Rule / 12.5.1:
Linear (One-Photon) Absorption / 12.5.2:
Multiphoton Absorption / 12.5.3:
Ultra fast and Intense-Field Nonlinear Optics / Chapter 13:
Ultrashort-Pulse Propagation Equation / 13.1:
Interpretation of the Ultrashort-Pulse Propagation Equation / 13.3:
Self-Steepening / 13.3.1:
Space-Time Coupling / 13.3.2:
Supercontinuum Generation / 13.3.3:
Intense-Field Nonlinear Optics / 13.4:
Motion of a Free Electron in a Laser Field / 13.5:
High-Harmonic Generation / 13.6:
Tunnel Ionization and the Keldysh Model / 13.7:
Nonlinear Optics of Plasmas and Relativistic Nonlinear Optics / 13.8:
Nonlinear Quantum Electrodynamics / 13.9:
Problem
Nonlinear Optics of Plasmonic Systems / Chapter 14:
Introduction to Plasmonics / 14.1:
Simple Derivation of the Plasma Frequency / 14.2:
The Drude Model / 14.3:
Optical Properties of Gold / 14.4:
Surface Plasmon Polaritons / 14.5:
Electric Field Enhancement in Plasmonic Systems / 14.6:
Appendices
The SI System of Units / Appendix A:
Energy Relations and Poynting's Theorem / A.1:
The Wave Equation / A.2:
Boundary Conditions / A.3:
The Gaussian System of Units / Appendix B:
Systems of Units in Nonlinear Optics / Appendix C:
Conversion between the Systems / C.1:
Relationship between Intensity and Field Strength / Appendix D:
Physical Constants / Appendix E:
Index
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
67.

図書

図書
Brian W. Pfennig
出版情報: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2022  xvi, 804 p. ; 28 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
About the Companion Website
The Structure of Matter / Chapter 1:
Science as an Art Form / 1.1:
Atomism / 1.2:
The Anatomy of an Atom / 1.3:
The Periodic Table of the Elements / 1.4:
The Nucleus / 1.5:
Nuclear Reactions / 1.6:
Radioactive Decay and the Band of Stability / 1.7:
The Shelf Model of the Nucleus / 1.8:
The Origin of the Elements / 1.9:
The Big Bang / 1.9.1:
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis / 1.9.2:
Stellar Nucleosynthesis / 1.9.3:
The s-Process and the r-Process / 1.9.4:
Exercises
Bibliography
The Structure of the Atom / Chapter 2:
The Wave-Like Properties of Light / 2.1:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum / 2.2:
The Interference of Waves / 2.3:
The Line Spectrum of Hydrogen / 2.4:
Energy Levels in Atoms / 2.5:
The Bohr Model of the Atom / 2.6:
In-Depth: Derivation of the Bohr Model of the Atom / 2.6.1:
The Wave-Like Properties of Matter / 2.7:
Circular Standing Waves and the Quantization of Angular Momentum / 2.8:
The Classical Wave Equation / 2.9:
The Particle in a Box Model / 2.10:
In-Depth: The Quantum Mechanical Behavior of Nanoparticles / 2.10.1:
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle / 2.11:
The Schrödinger Equation / 2.12:
The Hydrogen Atom / 2.13:
The Radial Wave Functions / 2.13.1:
The Angular Wave Functions / 2.13.2:
The Spin Quantum Number / 2.14:
The Topological Atom / 2.15:
In-Depth: Atomic Units / 2.15.1:
The Periodicity of the Elements / Chapter 3:
Introduction / 3.1:
Hydrogenic Orbitals in Polyelectronic Atoms / 3.2:
In-Depth: The Helium Atom / 3.2.1:
The Quantum Structure of the Periodic Table / 3.3:
Electron Configurations / 3.4:
Shielding and Effective Nuclear Charges / 3.5:
Ionization Energy / 3.6:
Electron Affinity / 3.7:
Theoretical Radii / 3.8:
In-Depth: How the Radius Affects Other Properties / 3.8.1:
Polarizability / 3.9:
The Metal-Nonmetal Staircase / 3.10:
Global Hardness / 3.11:
Electronegativity / 3.12:
The Uniqueness Principle / 3.13:
Diagonal Properties / 3.14:
Relativistic Effects / 3.15:
The Inert-Pair Effect / 3.16:
An Introduction to Chemical Bonding / Chapter 4:
The Definition of a Chemical Bond / 4.1:
The Thermodynamic Driving Force for Bond Formation / 4.2:
Lewis Structures and Formal Charges / 4.3:
Rules for Drawing Lewis Structures / 4.3.1:
Covalent Bond Lengths and Bond Dissociation Energies / 4.4:
Resonance / 4.5:
Electronegativity and Polar Covalent Bonding / 4.6:
Types of Chemical Bonds-The Triangle of Bonding / 4.7:
Atoms in Molecules / 4.8:
Molecular Geometry / Chapter 5:
X-Ray Crystallography and the Determination of Molecular Geometry / 5.1:
Linnett'S Double Quartet Theory / 5.2:
Valence-Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory / 5.3:
Rules for Determining the Geometry of a Molecule Using VSEPD Theory / 5.3.1:
The Ligand Close-Packing Model / 5.4:
A Comparison of the VSEPR and LCP Models / 5.5:
Symmetry Elements and Symmetry Operations / Chapter 6:
Identity, E / 6.1:
Proper Rotation, Cn / 6.1.2:
Reflection, ¿ / 6.1.3:
Inversion, i / 6.1.4:
Improper Rotation, Sn / 6.1.5:
Symmetry Groups / 6.2:
Molecular Point Groups / 6.3:
In-Depth: Dipole Moments / 6.3.1:
Representations of Symmetry Operations / 6.4:
Character Tables / 6.5:
Irreducible Representations and Characters / 6.5.1:
Degenerate Representations / 6.5.2:
Rules Regarding Irreducible Representations / 6.5.3:
Conjugate Matrices and Classes / 6.5.4:
Mulliken Symbols / 6.5.5:
Direct Products / 6.6:
Reducible Representations and the Great Orthogonality Theorem / 6.7:
Molecular Spectroscopy and the Selection Rules / 6.8:
Infrared Spectroscopy / 6.8.1:
Raman Spectroscopy / 6.8.2:
A Summary of the Selection Rules for Vibrational Spectroscopy / 6.8.3:
In-Depth: Resonance Raman Spectroscopy / 6.8.4:
Determining the Symmetries of the Normal Modes of Vibration / 6.9:
Determining a Molecule's Likely Geometry from Its Spectroscopy / 6.10:
Generating Symmetry Coordinates Using the Projection Operator Method / 6.11:
Structure and Bonding in Molecules / Chapter 7:
Molecules as Unique Entities / 7.1:
Valence Bond Theory / 7.2:
Diatomic Molecules / 7.2.1:
In-Depth: A Mathematical Treatment of VBT / 7.2.2:
Polyatomic Atoms and Hybridization / 7.2.3:
Variable Hybridization / 7.2.4:
Bent's Rule / 7.2.5:
Hypervalent Molecules / 7.2.6:
Sigma and pi Bonding / 7.2.7:
Transition Metal Compounds / 7.2.8:
Limitations of Valence Bond Theory / 7.2.9:
Molecular Orbital Theory / 7.3:
Homonuclear Diatomics / 7.3.1:
In-Depth; A Mathematical Treatment of MOT / 7.3.2:
Mixing / 7.3.3:
Heteronuclear Diatomics / 7.3.4:
The Covalent to Ionic Transition in MOT / 7.3.5:
Polyatomic Molecules: H3- and H3+ / 7.3.6:
Correlation Diagrams and the Prediction of Molecular Geometry / 7.3.7:
A Brief Introduction to the Jahn-Teller Effect / 7.3.8:
AHn Molecules and Walsh Diagrams / 7.3.9:
In-Depth: Pearson's Symmetry Rules for Predicting the Structures of AHn Molecules / 7.3.10:
Polyatomic Molecules Having pi Orbitals / 7.3.11:
In-Depth: Pearson's Symmetry Rules for Predicting the Structures of AXn Molecules / 7.3.12:
pi Molecular Orbitals and Hückel Theory / 7.3.13:
Combining VB Concepts into MO Diagrams / 7.3.14:
Hypercoordinated Molecules / 7.3.15:
MO Diagrams for Transition Metal Compounds / 7.3.16:
Metal-Metal Bonding / 7.3.17:
Three-Centered, Two-Electron Bonding in Diborane / 7.3.18:
The Complementarity of VBT and MOT / 7.4:
Structure and Bonding in Solids / Chapter 8:
Crystal Structures / 8.1:
The 14 Bravais Lattices / 8.1.1:
Closest-Packed Structures / 8.1.2:
The 32 Crystallographic Point Groups and 230 Space Groups / 8.1.3:
The Determination of Crystal Structures / 8.1.4:
The Bragg Diffraction Law / 8.1.5:
Miller Planes and Indexing Powder Patterns / 8.1.6:
In-Depth: Quasicrystals / 8.1.7:
Metallic Bonding / 8.2:
The Free Electron Mode! of Metallic Bonding / 8.2.1:
Band Theory of Solids / 8.2.2:
Conductivity in Solids / 8.2.3:
In-Depth: the p-n Junction and n-p-n Bipolar Junction Transistor / 8.2.4:
Ionic Bonding / 8.3:
In-Depth: High-Temperature Superconductors / 8.3.1:
Lattice Enthalpies and the Born-Haber Cycle / 8.3.2:
Ionic Radii and Pauling's Rules / 8.3.3:
In-Depth: the Silicates / 8.3.4:
Defects in Crystals / 8.3.5:
Types of Crystalline Solids / 8.4:
Intermediate Types of Bonding in Solids / 8.4.1:
Chemical Structure and Reactivity / Chapter 9:
Acid-Base Chemistry / 9.1:
Definitions of Acids and Bases / 9.1.1:
Measuring the Strengths of Acids and Bases / 9.1.2:
Factors Affecting the Strengths of Acids and Bases / 9.1.3:
Pearson's Hard-Soft Acid-Base Theory / 9.1.4:
The Relationship Between HSAB Theory and FMO Theory / 9.1.5:
Redox Chemistry / 9.2:
The Relationship Between Acid-Base and Redox Chemistry / 9.2.1:
Rationalizing Trends in Standard Reduction Potentials / 9.2.2:
Quantum Structure Property Relationships / 9.2.3:
The Drago-Wayland Parameters / 9.2.4:
A Generalized View of Chemical Reactivity / 9.3:
Coordination Chemistry / Chapter 10:
An Overview of Coordination Chemistry / 10.1:
The Historical Development of Coordination Chemistry / 10.1.1:
Types of Ligands and Proper Nomenclature / 10.1.2:
Stability Constants / 10.1.3:
Isomers / 10.1.4:
Common Coordination Geometries / 10.1.5:
In-Depth: Five-Coordinate Compounds / 10.1.6:
The Shapes of the d-Orbitals / 10.1.7:
Models of Bonding in Coordination Compounds / 10.2:
Crystal Field Theory / 10.2.1:
Ligand Field Theory / 10.2.2:
Quantitative Measures of LF Strength / 10.2.3:
Electronic Spectroscopy of Coordination Compounds / 10.3:
Term Symbols / 10.3.1:
Tanabe-Sugano Diagrams / 10.3.2:
Electronic Absorptions and the Selection Rules / 10.3.3:
Using Tanabe-Sugano Diagrams to Interpret or Predict Electronic Spectra / 10.3.4:
The Effect of Reduced Symmetry on Electronic Transitions / 10.3.5:
The Jahn-Teller Effect / 10.3.6:
Charge Transfer Transitions / 10.3.7:
Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds / 10.3.8:
Diamagnetism / 10.3.9:
Paramagnetism / 10.3.10:
Antiferromagnetism / 10.3.11:
Ferromagnetism / 10.3.12:
Ferrimagnetism / 10.3.13:
Reactions of Coordination Compounds / Chapter 11:
An Introduction to Kinetics and Reaction Coordinate Diagrams / 11.1:
Zero-Order Reactions / 11.1.1:
First-Order Reactions (Irreversible) / 11.1.2:
First-Order Reactions (Reversible and Coming to Equilibrium) / 11.1.3:
Simple Second-Order Reactions (irreversible) / 11.1.4:
Complex Second-Order Reactions (Reversible and Coming to Equilibrium) / 11.1.5:
Complex Second-Order Reactions (Irreversible) / 11.1.6:
Pseudo First-Order Reactions / 11.1.7:
Consecutive First-Order Reactions and the Steady-State Approximation / 11.1.8:
Competing Mechanisms / 11.1.9:
Summary of the Common Rate Laws / 11.1.10:
The Arrhenius Equation / 11.1.11:
Activation Parameters / 11.1.12:
Octahedral Substitution Reactions / 11.2:
Associative (A) Mechanisms / 11.2.1:
Interchange (I) Mechanisms / 11.2.2:
Dissociative (D) Mechanisms / 11.2.3:
Acid and Base Catalysis / 11.2.4:
Ligand Field Activation Energies / 11.2.5:
Square Planar Substitution Reactions / 11.3:
The Trans Effect / 11.3.1:
The Effects of the Leaving Group and the Nucleophile / 11.3.2:
MOT and Square Planar Substitution / 11.3.3:
Electron Transfer Reactions / 11.4:
Outer-Sphere Electron Transfer / 11.4.1:
The Franck-Condon Principle / 11.4.2:
Marcus Theory / 11.4.3:
Inner-Sphere Electron Transfer / 11.4.4:
Mixed-Valence Compounds / 11.4.5:
Organometallic Chemistry / Chapter 12:
Introduction to Organometallic Chemistry / 12.1:
Electron Counting and the 18-Electron Rule / 12.2:
Carbonyl Ligands / 12.3:
Nitrosyi Ligands / 12.4:
Hydride and Dihydrogen Ligands / 12.5:
Phosphine Ligands / 12.6:
Ethylene and Related Ligands / 12.7:
Cyclopentadiene and Related Ligands / 12.8:
Carbenes, Carbynes, and Carbidos / 12.9:
Reactions of Organometallic Compounds / Chapter 13:
Some General Principles / 13.1:
Organometallic Reactions Involving Changes at the Metal / 13.2:
Ligand Substitution Reactions / 13.2.1:
Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination / 13.2.2:
Organometallic Reactions Involving Changes at the Ligand / 13.3:
Insertion and Elimination Reactions / 13.3.1:
Nucleophilic Attack on the Ligands / 13.3.2:
Electrophilic Attack on the Ligands / 13.3.3:
Metathesis Reactions / 13.4:
¿-Bond Metathesis / 13.4.1:
Ziegler-Natta Polymerization of Alkenes / 13.4.2:
A Summary of Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms / 13.4.3:
Organometallic Catalytic Cycles / 13.6:
Catalytic Hydrogenation / 13.6.1:
Hydroformylation / 13.6.2:
The Wacker-Smidt Process / 13.6.3:
The Monsanto Acetic Acid Process / 13.6.4:
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Mechanisms / 13.6.5:
The Isolobal Analogy and the Relationship to Main Group Chemistry / 13.7:
Closing Remarks / 13.8:
Derivation of the Classical Wave Equation / Appendix: A:
Derivation of the Schrödinger Equation / Appendix: B:
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics / Appendix: C:
Atomic Term Symbols and Spin-Orbit Coupling / Appendix: D:
Extracting Term Symbols Using Russell-Saunders Coupling
Extracting Term Symbols Using jj Coupling
Correlation Between RS (LS) Coupling and jj Coupling
Direct Product Tables / Appendix: E:
Reducing Representations by the Process of Diagonalization / Appendix: G:
Appendix: H
The Harmonic Oscillator Model / Appendix: I:
Molecular Term Symbols / Appendix: J:
The 230 Space Groups / Appendix: K:
Index
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
About the Companion Website
68.

学位論文

学位
Masatake Tsuji
出版情報: 東京 : 東京工業大学, 2023  1 online resource
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69.

学位論文

学位
Suiyu Qiu
出版情報: 東京 : 東京工業大学, 2022  1 online resource
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70.

図書

図書
Air and Waste Management Association Conference and Exhibition ; Air & Waste Management Association
出版情報: Pittsburgh, Pa. : Air and Waste Management Association , Red Hook, NY : Printed from e-media with permission by Curran Associates, 2021, c2020  p. 686-1375 ; 28 cm
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71.

電子ブック

EB
Lisa A. Beltz
出版情報: Elsevier ScienceDirect Books Complete , Academic Press, 2022
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction / 1:
Of viruses and men / 1.1:
Coronaviruses of humans / 1.1.1:
Factors affecting zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses / 1.1.2:
A brief introduction to viruses / 1.2:
Characteristics of viruses / 1.2.1:
Overview of mutations and recombination in viruses / 1.2.2:
Viruses and their host receptors / 1.2.3:
Baltimore class IV viruses / 1.2.4:
Viruses, diseases, and pandemics-victories and failures / 1.2.5:
Vaccination-then and now / 1.2.6:
Comparison of viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells / 1.2.7:
A brief introduction to the immune system / 1.3:
Introduction to the innate immune system / 1.3.1:
The cells of the innate immune system / 1.3.2:
Introduction to the adaptive immune system / 1.3.3:
The cells of the adaptive immune system / 1.3.4:
Cytokines and chemokines / 1.3.5:
Antibodies / 1.3.6:
Introduction to coronaviruses / 1.4:
Coronavirus genomic and subgenomic RNA / 1.4.1:
Increasing genetic diversity by mutation and recombination in coronaviruses / 1.4.2:
Production of recombinant, chimeric coronaviruses / 1.4.3:
Coronaviruses' structural proteins / 1.4.4:
Coronaviruses' nonstructural proteins / 1.4.5:
A brief summary of the coronavirus life cycle / 1.4.6:
Viral transmission / 1.4.7:
Coronaviruses and disease / 1.5:
Coronaviruses and respiratory disease / 1.5.1:
Coronaviruses and central nervous system disease / 1.5.2:
Other coronavirus disease manifestations / 1.5.3:
Categories of coronaviruses / 1.6:
Coronavirus genera / 1.6.1:
Coronaviruses of animals and zoonotic disease potential / 1.6.2:
Treatment of coronavirus diseases / 1.7:
Chloroquine / 1.7.1:
Nucleic acid analogs / 1.7.2:
Traditional medicinal compounds / 1.7.3:
Prevention of coronavirus infection / 1.8:
References
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) / 2:
A brief overview of the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus outbreak / 2.1:
Phases of the 2002-2003 outbreak / 2.1.2:
"Wet Markets" and wild cats and dogs / 2.1.3:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus spike protein and its angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor / 2.1.4:
The history of severe acute respiratory syndrome / 2.2:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-the disease / 2.3:
An overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome / 2.3.1:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the respiratory system / 2.3.2:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the cardiovascular system / 2.3.3:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the skeletal system / 2.3.4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the digestive system / 2.3.5:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the urinary system / 2.3.6:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and nervous system / 2.3.7:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the endocrine system / 2.3.8:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome, the reproductive system, and sex-related disease severity / 2.3.9:
The causative virus / 2.4:
An overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus / 2.4.1:
Entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus into cells / 2.4.2:
Viral polyproteins and proteases / 2.4.3:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the ubiquitin-pathway / 2.4.4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the unfolded protein response / 2.4.5:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus open reading frame 8 / 2.4.6:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and small non-coding RNAs / 2.4.7:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and bats / 2.4.8:
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome between humans / 2.4.9:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in the external environment / 2.4.10:
The immune response / 2.5:
Introduction to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the immune system / 2.5.1:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the adaptive immune response / 2.5.2:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, cytokines, and chemokines / 2.5.3:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and interferons / 2.5.4:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus ? protein and the immune response / 2.5.5:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the innate immune response / 2.5.6:
Animal models and the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome / 2.5.7:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and escape from the immune response / 2.5.8:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome immunopathology / 2.5.9:
Treatment options / 2.6:
Diagnosis / 2.7:
Prevention / 2.8:
Physical means of prevention / 2.8.1:
Immunization / 2.8.2:
Active immunization / 2.8.3:
Surveillance / 2.9:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome / 3:
Introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus / 3.1:
A brief introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome / 3.1.1:
A brief Introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus / 3.1.2:
Transmission of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus to humans / 3.1.3:
The history / 3.2:
The disease / 3.3:
Introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome in humans / 3.3.1:
The mortally rate of Middle Eastern respiratory Syndrome / 3.3.2:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and the respiratory system / 3.3.3:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and the kidneys / 3.3.4:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and the cardiovascular system / 3.3.5:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and the nervous system / 3.3.6:
Risk factors for Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome in humans / 3.3.7:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus classification / 3.4:
Genetic variation in Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus / 3.4.2:
DPP4 and the viral S protein in Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-like viruses of humans and animals / 3.4.3:
Other molecules involved in Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus entry into its target cells / 3.4.4:
Animal hosts of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus / 3.5:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and bats as reservoir hosts / 3.5.1:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and dromedary camels / 3.5.2:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and Bactrian camels / 3.5.3:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and other camelids / 3.5.4:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in other agricultural animals / 3.5.5:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and other animals / 3.5.6:
Animal models of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome / 3.5.7:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and T lymphocytes / 3.6:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, B lymphocytes, and Antibodies / 3.6.2:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils / 3.6.3:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, cytokines, and chemokines / 3.6.4:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and interferons / 3.6.5:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus escape mechanisms / 3.6.6:
Treatment / 3.7:
Generalized, physical treatments / 3.8.1:
Introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome drug treatment options / 3.8.2:
Decontamination of environmental surfaces / 3.9:
Vaccination / 3.10.2:
COVID-19 / 4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other human coronaviruses / 4.1:
Number of cases, deaths, and vaccinations / 4.1.2:
Spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 / 4.1.3:
Factors affecting determination of COVID-19 cases / 4.1.4:
Unprepared / 4.1.5:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and animal hosts / 4.1.6:
History / 4.2:
Introduction to COVID-19 / 4.3:
COVID-19 and the respiratory system / 4.3.2:
COVID-19, smoking, and nicotine use / 4.3.3:
COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system / 4.3.4:
COVID-19, endothelial dysfunction, complement, and coagulation / 4.3.5:
COVID-19 and neurological disease / 4.3.6:
COVID and psychiatric disease / 4.3.7:
COVID-19 and special senses / 4.3.8:
COVID-19 and the endocrine system / 4.3.9:
COVID-19 and the urinary system / 4.3.10:
COVID-19 and the digestive system / 4.3.11:
COVID-19 and the integumentary system / 4.3.12:
COVID-19 and biological sex / 4.3.13:
COVID-19 case number and seventy in children and adults / 4.3.14:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children / 4.3.15:
Long COVID syndrome (chronic or post-COVID-19 syndrome) / 4.3.16:
The role of genetic factors in COVID-19 / 4.3.17:
Introduction to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 / 4.4:
The question of the reservoir and intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 / 4.4.2:
Comparison of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 / 4.4.3:
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 / 4.4.4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 mutations / 4.4.5:
COVID-19 and the adaptive immune response / 4.5:
COVID-19 immunopathology-IL-17 and the cytokine storm / 4.5.2:
COVID-19 and the innate immune response / 4.5.3:
COVID-19 and autoimmune disorders / 4.5.4:
Diagnosis and surveillance / 4.6:
RNA-based (genetic) tests / 4.6.1:
Antibody-based (serological) tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection / 4.6.2:
Viral neutralization tests / 4.6.3:
Medications and monoclonal antibodies / 4.6.4:
COVID-19, micronutrients, and vitamin D / 4.7.2:
COVID-19 and zinc / 4.8.1:
COVID-19 and copper / 4.8.2:
COVID-19 and selenium / 4.8.3:
COVID-19 and iron / 4.8.4:
COVID-19 and vitamin D / 4.8.5:
Rapid, mass scanning measures / 4.9:
Personal protective equipment and social distancing / 4.9.2:
Hand hygiene / 4.9.3:
Decontamination of infected surfaces / 4.9.4:
COVID-19, quarantine, and closure of businesses, schools, and recreational areas / 4.9.5:
Natural immunity / 4.9.6:
Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection / 4.9.7:
Further reading
Coronaviruses of wild and semidomesticated animals with the potential for zoonotic transmission / 5:
Transmission of coronaviruses / 5.1:
Genetic recombination between coronavirus animal hosts / 5.2.1:
The viral spike protein and host coronavirus receptors / 5.2.2:
Introduction to coronaviruses and intracellular signaling pathways / 5.2.3:
Coronavirus vaccines / 5.2.4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 and its animal hosts / 5.2.5:
Coronaviruses of bats / 5.3:
Introduction to bat coronaviruses / 5.3.1:
WIV1, WIV16, SARS-CoV, and adaptation to different host species / 5.3.2:
Chimeric bat coronaviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus / 5.3.3:
The spike protein of bat and human coronaviruses and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 / 5.3.4:
Bat Coronaviruses, MERS-CoV, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV / 5.3.5:
Characteristics of coronavirus species of hats / 5.3.6:
Prevention against bat coronavirus infection / 5.3.7:
Coronaviruses of rodents / 5.4:
Introduction to coronaviruses of rodents / 5.4.1:
Mouse hepatitis virus / 5.4.2:
Rat coronavirus / 5.5:
Introduction to rat coronavirus / 5.5.1:
Rat coronavirus and disease / 5.5.2:
Rat coronavirus and the immune response / 5.5.3:
Other coronaviruses of rodents / 5.5.4:
Coronaviruses of nonhuman primates / 5.6:
Introduction to coronaviruses of nonhuman primates / 5.6.1:
Pathology of coronaviruses of nonhuman primates / 5.6.2:
Coronaviruses of ferrets and minks / 5.7:
Introduction to coronaviruses of ferrets and minks / 5.7.1:
Ferret enteric coronavirus / 5.7.2:
Ferret systemic coronavirus / 5.7.3:
Treatment options and protection against ferret coronavirus-induced diseases / 5.7.4:
Ferrets and feline infectious peritonitis virus of cats / 5.7.5:
Coronaviruses of minks / 5.7.6:
Coronaviruse of other musteloidea / 5.7.7:
Coronaviruses of rabbits / 5.8:
Rabbit enteric coronavirus / 5.8.1:
Rabbit coronavirus / 5.8.2:
Other rabbit coronaviruses / 5.8.3:
Coronaviruses of other wild or semidomesticated mammals / 5.9:
Coronaviruses of agricultural and companion animals with the potential for zoonotic transmission / 6:
Coronavirus genera and species / 6.1:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses-2, and domesticated animals / 6.1.2:
MERS-CoV and domesticated animals / 6.1.3:
Diagnosis of coronaviruses of domesticated animals / 6.1.4:
Bovine coronavirus and its enteric and respiratory forms / 6.2:
Introduction to bovine coronaviruses / 6.2.1:
Pathology of bovine coronaviruses diseases and their underlying causes / 6.2.2:
Bovine coronaviruses-the viruses / 6.2.3:
Bovine enteric coronavirus / 6.2.4:
Bovine respiratory coronavirus / 6.2.5:
Bovine coronaviruses-like coronaviruses of other animals / 6.2.6:
Coronaviruses of dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas / 6.3:
Coronaviruses of dromedary camels / 6.3.1:
Coronaviruses of alpacas and llamas / 6.3.2:
Coronaviruses of swine / 6.4:
Introduction to swine coronaviruses / 6.4.1:
Pathology due to swine coronaviruses in general / 6.4.2:
The immune response to swine coronaviruses in general / 6.4.3:
Viral inhibition of the immune response to swine coronaviruses in general / 6.4.4:
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / 6.4.5:
Porcine deltacoronavirus / 6.4.6:
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus / 6.4.7:
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus / 6.4.8:
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus / 6.4.9:
Coronavirus of horses / 6.5:
Introduction to coronaviruses of horses / 6.5.1:
Pathology due to coronavirus of horses / 6.5.2:
Coronaviruses of horses-the virus / 6.5.3:
Coronaviruses of sheep / 6.6:
Coronaviruses of companion animals / 6.7:
Coronaviruses of cats / 6.7.1:
Canine coronaviruses / 6.7.2:
Canine respiratory coronavirus / 6.7.3:
Brief overview of domestic avian coronaviruses / 6.8:
Pulling it all together: where do we go from here? / 7:
Coronaviruses-friends and family / 7.1:
Baltimore class IV viruses (coronaviruses' friends) / 7.1.1:
Coronaviridae (coronaviruses family) / 7.1.2:
Zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses / 7.2:
Coronaviruses proposed reservoir and intermediate hosts / 7.2.1:
Comparison between the hosts and geographical locations of severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-like' viruses / 7.2.2:
Other animals as potential coronavirus reservoir hosts / 7.2.3:
Possible ways to predict and prevent future epidemics and pandemics / 7.3:
The One Health approach / 7.3.1:
SpillOver / 7.3.2:
Museums and emerging pathogens in the Americas (MEPA) / 7.3.3:
Factors driving zoonotic transmission / 7.4:
Viral factors driving zoonotic transmission / 7.4.1:
Host-related factors driving zoonotic transmission / 7.4.2:
Environmental factors driving zoonotic transmission / 7.4.3:
The "human factor" and modeling / 7.4.4:
The emergence and disease severity of severe acute respiratory system coronavirus-2 variants / 7.4.5:
The continuing threat of emerging infectious diseases / 7.5:
Changes in infectious disease patterns over the last ten years / 7.5.1:
The next pandemics-thinking outside of the box / 7.5.2:
Infectious diseases and the developing world / 7.6:
Author's note (March 2022) / 7.7:
Coronavirus disease overviews / Appendix I:
Glossary / Appendix II:
Index
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgments
72.

電子ブック

EB
Lisa A. Beltz
出版情報: London : Academic Press, 2023  1 online resource
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction / 1:
Of viruses and men / 1.1:
Coronaviruses of humans / 1.1.1:
Factors affecting zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses / 1.1.2:
A brief introduction to viruses / 1.2:
Characteristics of viruses / 1.2.1:
Overview of mutations and recombination in viruses / 1.2.2:
Viruses and their host receptors / 1.2.3:
Baltimore class IV viruses / 1.2.4:
Viruses, diseases, and pandemics-victories and failures / 1.2.5:
Vaccination-then and now / 1.2.6:
Comparison of viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells / 1.2.7:
A brief introduction to the immune system / 1.3:
Introduction to the innate immune system / 1.3.1:
The cells of the innate immune system / 1.3.2:
Introduction to the adaptive immune system / 1.3.3:
The cells of the adaptive immune system / 1.3.4:
Cytokines and chemokines / 1.3.5:
Antibodies / 1.3.6:
Introduction to coronaviruses / 1.4:
Coronavirus genomic and subgenomic RNA / 1.4.1:
Increasing genetic diversity by mutation and recombination in coronaviruses / 1.4.2:
Production of recombinant, chimeric coronaviruses / 1.4.3:
Coronaviruses' structural proteins / 1.4.4:
Coronaviruses' nonstructural proteins / 1.4.5:
A brief summary of the coronavirus life cycle / 1.4.6:
Viral transmission / 1.4.7:
Coronaviruses and disease / 1.5:
Coronaviruses and respiratory disease / 1.5.1:
Coronaviruses and central nervous system disease / 1.5.2:
Other coronavirus disease manifestations / 1.5.3:
Categories of coronaviruses / 1.6:
Coronavirus genera / 1.6.1:
Coronaviruses of animals and zoonotic disease potential / 1.6.2:
Treatment of coronavirus diseases / 1.7:
Chloroquine / 1.7.1:
Nucleic acid analogs / 1.7.2:
Traditional medicinal compounds / 1.7.3:
Prevention of coronavirus infection / 1.8:
References
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) / 2:
A brief overview of the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus outbreak / 2.1:
Phases of the 2002-2003 outbreak / 2.1.2:
"Wet Markets" and wild cats and dogs / 2.1.3:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus spike protein and its angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor / 2.1.4:
The history of severe acute respiratory syndrome / 2.2:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-the disease / 2.3:
An overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome / 2.3.1:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the respiratory system / 2.3.2:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the cardiovascular system / 2.3.3:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the skeletal system / 2.3.4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the digestive system / 2.3.5:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the urinary system / 2.3.6:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and nervous system / 2.3.7:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the endocrine system / 2.3.8:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome, the reproductive system, and sex-related disease severity / 2.3.9:
The causative virus / 2.4:
An overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus / 2.4.1:
Entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus into cells / 2.4.2:
Viral polyproteins and proteases / 2.4.3:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the ubiquitin-pathway / 2.4.4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the unfolded protein response / 2.4.5:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus open reading frame 8 / 2.4.6:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and small non-coding RNAs / 2.4.7:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and bats / 2.4.8:
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome between humans / 2.4.9:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in the external environment / 2.4.10:
The immune response / 2.5:
Introduction to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the immune system / 2.5.1:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the adaptive immune response / 2.5.2:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, cytokines, and chemokines / 2.5.3:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome and interferons / 2.5.4:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus ? protein and the immune response / 2.5.5:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and the innate immune response / 2.5.6:
Animal models and the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome / 2.5.7:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and escape from the immune response / 2.5.8:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome immunopathology / 2.5.9:
Treatment options / 2.6:
Diagnosis / 2.7:
Prevention / 2.8:
Physical means of prevention / 2.8.1:
Immunization / 2.8.2:
Active immunization / 2.8.3:
Surveillance / 2.9:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome / 3:
Introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus / 3.1:
A brief introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome / 3.1.1:
A brief Introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus / 3.1.2:
Transmission of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus to humans / 3.1.3:
The history / 3.2:
The disease / 3.3:
Introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome in humans / 3.3.1:
The mortally rate of Middle Eastern respiratory Syndrome / 3.3.2:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and the respiratory system / 3.3.3:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and the kidneys / 3.3.4:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and the cardiovascular system / 3.3.5:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and the nervous system / 3.3.6:
Risk factors for Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome in humans / 3.3.7:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus classification / 3.4:
Genetic variation in Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus / 3.4.2:
DPP4 and the viral S protein in Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-like viruses of humans and animals / 3.4.3:
Other molecules involved in Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus entry into its target cells / 3.4.4:
Animal hosts of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus / 3.5:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and bats as reservoir hosts / 3.5.1:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and dromedary camels / 3.5.2:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and Bactrian camels / 3.5.3:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and other camelids / 3.5.4:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in other agricultural animals / 3.5.5:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and other animals / 3.5.6:
Animal models of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome / 3.5.7:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and T lymphocytes / 3.6:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, B lymphocytes, and Antibodies / 3.6.2:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils / 3.6.3:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, cytokines, and chemokines / 3.6.4:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome and interferons / 3.6.5:
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome-coronavirus escape mechanisms / 3.6.6:
Treatment / 3.7:
Generalized, physical treatments / 3.8.1:
Introduction to Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome drug treatment options / 3.8.2:
Decontamination of environmental surfaces / 3.9:
Vaccination / 3.10.2:
COVID-19 / 4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other human coronaviruses / 4.1:
Number of cases, deaths, and vaccinations / 4.1.2:
Spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 / 4.1.3:
Factors affecting determination of COVID-19 cases / 4.1.4:
Unprepared / 4.1.5:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and animal hosts / 4.1.6:
History / 4.2:
Introduction to COVID-19 / 4.3:
COVID-19 and the respiratory system / 4.3.2:
COVID-19, smoking, and nicotine use / 4.3.3:
COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system / 4.3.4:
COVID-19, endothelial dysfunction, complement, and coagulation / 4.3.5:
COVID-19 and neurological disease / 4.3.6:
COVID and psychiatric disease / 4.3.7:
COVID-19 and special senses / 4.3.8:
COVID-19 and the endocrine system / 4.3.9:
COVID-19 and the urinary system / 4.3.10:
COVID-19 and the digestive system / 4.3.11:
COVID-19 and the integumentary system / 4.3.12:
COVID-19 and biological sex / 4.3.13:
COVID-19 case number and seventy in children and adults / 4.3.14:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children / 4.3.15:
Long COVID syndrome (chronic or post-COVID-19 syndrome) / 4.3.16:
The role of genetic factors in COVID-19 / 4.3.17:
Introduction to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 / 4.4:
The question of the reservoir and intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 / 4.4.2:
Comparison of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 / 4.4.3:
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 / 4.4.4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 mutations / 4.4.5:
COVID-19 and the adaptive immune response / 4.5:
COVID-19 immunopathology-IL-17 and the cytokine storm / 4.5.2:
COVID-19 and the innate immune response / 4.5.3:
COVID-19 and autoimmune disorders / 4.5.4:
Diagnosis and surveillance / 4.6:
RNA-based (genetic) tests / 4.6.1:
Antibody-based (serological) tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection / 4.6.2:
Viral neutralization tests / 4.6.3:
Medications and monoclonal antibodies / 4.6.4:
COVID-19, micronutrients, and vitamin D / 4.7.2:
COVID-19 and zinc / 4.8.1:
COVID-19 and copper / 4.8.2:
COVID-19 and selenium / 4.8.3:
COVID-19 and iron / 4.8.4:
COVID-19 and vitamin D / 4.8.5:
Rapid, mass scanning measures / 4.9:
Personal protective equipment and social distancing / 4.9.2:
Hand hygiene / 4.9.3:
Decontamination of infected surfaces / 4.9.4:
COVID-19, quarantine, and closure of businesses, schools, and recreational areas / 4.9.5:
Natural immunity / 4.9.6:
Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection / 4.9.7:
Further reading
Coronaviruses of wild and semidomesticated animals with the potential for zoonotic transmission / 5:
Transmission of coronaviruses / 5.1:
Genetic recombination between coronavirus animal hosts / 5.2.1:
The viral spike protein and host coronavirus receptors / 5.2.2:
Introduction to coronaviruses and intracellular signaling pathways / 5.2.3:
Coronavirus vaccines / 5.2.4:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 and its animal hosts / 5.2.5:
Coronaviruses of bats / 5.3:
Introduction to bat coronaviruses / 5.3.1:
WIV1, WIV16, SARS-CoV, and adaptation to different host species / 5.3.2:
Chimeric bat coronaviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus / 5.3.3:
The spike protein of bat and human coronaviruses and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 / 5.3.4:
Bat Coronaviruses, MERS-CoV, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV / 5.3.5:
Characteristics of coronavirus species of hats / 5.3.6:
Prevention against bat coronavirus infection / 5.3.7:
Coronaviruses of rodents / 5.4:
Introduction to coronaviruses of rodents / 5.4.1:
Mouse hepatitis virus / 5.4.2:
Rat coronavirus / 5.5:
Introduction to rat coronavirus / 5.5.1:
Rat coronavirus and disease / 5.5.2:
Rat coronavirus and the immune response / 5.5.3:
Other coronaviruses of rodents / 5.5.4:
Coronaviruses of nonhuman primates / 5.6:
Introduction to coronaviruses of nonhuman primates / 5.6.1:
Pathology of coronaviruses of nonhuman primates / 5.6.2:
Coronaviruses of ferrets and minks / 5.7:
Introduction to coronaviruses of ferrets and minks / 5.7.1:
Ferret enteric coronavirus / 5.7.2:
Ferret systemic coronavirus / 5.7.3:
Treatment options and protection against ferret coronavirus-induced diseases / 5.7.4:
Ferrets and feline infectious peritonitis virus of cats / 5.7.5:
Coronaviruses of minks / 5.7.6:
Coronaviruse of other musteloidea / 5.7.7:
Coronaviruses of rabbits / 5.8:
Rabbit enteric coronavirus / 5.8.1:
Rabbit coronavirus / 5.8.2:
Other rabbit coronaviruses / 5.8.3:
Coronaviruses of other wild or semidomesticated mammals / 5.9:
Coronaviruses of agricultural and companion animals with the potential for zoonotic transmission / 6:
Coronavirus genera and species / 6.1:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses-2, and domesticated animals / 6.1.2:
MERS-CoV and domesticated animals / 6.1.3:
Diagnosis of coronaviruses of domesticated animals / 6.1.4:
Bovine coronavirus and its enteric and respiratory forms / 6.2:
Introduction to bovine coronaviruses / 6.2.1:
Pathology of bovine coronaviruses diseases and their underlying causes / 6.2.2:
Bovine coronaviruses-the viruses / 6.2.3:
Bovine enteric coronavirus / 6.2.4:
Bovine respiratory coronavirus / 6.2.5:
Bovine coronaviruses-like coronaviruses of other animals / 6.2.6:
Coronaviruses of dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas / 6.3:
Coronaviruses of dromedary camels / 6.3.1:
Coronaviruses of alpacas and llamas / 6.3.2:
Coronaviruses of swine / 6.4:
Introduction to swine coronaviruses / 6.4.1:
Pathology due to swine coronaviruses in general / 6.4.2:
The immune response to swine coronaviruses in general / 6.4.3:
Viral inhibition of the immune response to swine coronaviruses in general / 6.4.4:
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / 6.4.5:
Porcine deltacoronavirus / 6.4.6:
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus / 6.4.7:
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus / 6.4.8:
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus / 6.4.9:
Coronavirus of horses / 6.5:
Introduction to coronaviruses of horses / 6.5.1:
Pathology due to coronavirus of horses / 6.5.2:
Coronaviruses of horses-the virus / 6.5.3:
Coronaviruses of sheep / 6.6:
Coronaviruses of companion animals / 6.7:
Coronaviruses of cats / 6.7.1:
Canine coronaviruses / 6.7.2:
Canine respiratory coronavirus / 6.7.3:
Brief overview of domestic avian coronaviruses / 6.8:
Pulling it all together: where do we go from here? / 7:
Coronaviruses-friends and family / 7.1:
Baltimore class IV viruses (coronaviruses' friends) / 7.1.1:
Coronaviridae (coronaviruses family) / 7.1.2:
Zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses / 7.2:
Coronaviruses proposed reservoir and intermediate hosts / 7.2.1:
Comparison between the hosts and geographical locations of severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-like' viruses / 7.2.2:
Other animals as potential coronavirus reservoir hosts / 7.2.3:
Possible ways to predict and prevent future epidemics and pandemics / 7.3:
The One Health approach / 7.3.1:
SpillOver / 7.3.2:
Museums and emerging pathogens in the Americas (MEPA) / 7.3.3:
Factors driving zoonotic transmission / 7.4:
Viral factors driving zoonotic transmission / 7.4.1:
Host-related factors driving zoonotic transmission / 7.4.2:
Environmental factors driving zoonotic transmission / 7.4.3:
The "human factor" and modeling / 7.4.4:
The emergence and disease severity of severe acute respiratory system coronavirus-2 variants / 7.4.5:
The continuing threat of emerging infectious diseases / 7.5:
Changes in infectious disease patterns over the last ten years / 7.5.1:
The next pandemics-thinking outside of the box / 7.5.2:
Infectious diseases and the developing world / 7.6:
Author's note (March 2022) / 7.7:
Coronavirus disease overviews / Appendix I:
Glossary / Appendix II:
Index
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgments
73.

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International SAMPE Conference and Exhibition ; Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering
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