1.
図書
Maxim Ryadnov
目次情報:
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Introductory Notes / Chapter 1：
Inspiring Hierarchical / 1.1：
Encoding Instructive / 1.2：
Starting Lowest / 1.3：
Picturing Biological / 1.4：
References
Recycling Hereditary / Chapter 2：
Coding Dual / 2.1：
Deoxyribonucleic / 2.1.1：
Building up in Two / 2.1.1.1：
Keeping in Shape / 2.1.1.2：
Priming Topological / 2.1.2：
Resequencing Basic / 2.1.2.1：
Choosing the Fittest / 2.1.2.1.1：
Evolving Diverse / 2.1.2.1.2：
Primary Motifs / 2.1.2.2：
Gluing Universal / 2.1.2.2.1：
Alienating Axial / 2.1.2.2.2：
Fixing Spatial / 2.2：
Hinting Geometric: Secondary Motifs / 2.2.1：
Crossing Double / 2.2.1.1：
Reporting Visible / 2.2.1.1.1：
Translating Symmetrical / 2.2.1.1.2：
Extending Cohesive / 2.2.1.2：
Sharing Mutual / 2.2.1.2.1：
Multiplying Traversal / 2.2.1.2.2：
Tiling Square / 2.2.1.2.3：
Scaffolding Algorithmic / 2.3：
Pursuing Autonomous / 2.3.1：
Lengthening to Shorten / 2.3.1.1：
Gathering to Limit / 2.3.1.2：
Assigning Arbitrary / 2.3.2：
Synchronising Local / 2.3.2.1：
Prescribing General / 2.3.2.2：
Adding up to Third / 2.3.3：
Wrapping to Shut / 2.3.3.1：
Framing to Classify / 2.3.3.2：
Outlook / 2.4：
Recaging Within / Chapter 3：
Enclosing to Deliver / 3.1：
Transporting Foreign / 3.1.1：
Fitting Flat and Straight / 3.1.1.1：
Spiralling Along / 3.1.1.2：
Packing Out and In / 3.1.2：
Spooling Around / 3.1.2.1：
Tunnelling Through
Escaping Walled / 3.1.3：
Capturing On and Off / 3.1.3.1：
Storing Exchangeable / 3.1.3.2：
Reacting Nano / 3.2：
Clustering Spherical / 3.2.1：
Contriving Consistent / 3.2.1.1：
Scaling Hosting / 3.2.1.2：
Following Linear / 3.2.2：
Channelling Inner
Converting Outer
Repairing from Inside / 3.3：
Uninviting Levy / 3.3.1：
Necessitating Exterior / 3.3.2：
Antagonising Dressing / 3.3.2.1：
Renting Occasional / 3.3.2.1.2：
Phasing West / 3.3.2.2：
Facing Concentric / 3.3.2.2.1：
Encircling Between / 3.3.2.2.2：
Singling Out Unique / 3.3.2.2.3：
Sharing the Balance / 3.3.3：
Driving Symmetrical / 3.3.3.1：
Sealing Annular / 3.3.3.2：
Reassembling Multiple / 3.4：
Keeping All in Touch / 4.1：
Unravelling the Essential / 4.1.1：
Winding Three in One / 4.1.1.1：
Aligning Stagger / 4.1.1.2：
Tapering Polar / 4.1.1.3：
Branching and Stretching / 4.1.1.4：
Replicating Apparent / 4.1.2：
Scraping Refusal / 4.1.2.1：
Tempting Compatible / 4.1.2.2：
Likening Synthetic / 4.1.2.3：
Recovering Intelligent / 4.1.2.4：
Restoring Available / 4.2：
Prompting Longitudinal / 4.2.1：
Invoking Granted / 4.2.1.1：
Reposing Modular / 4.3：
Displacing Coil / 4.3.1：
Settling Lateral / 4.3.2：
Bundling Exclusive / 4.3.2.1：
Permitting Distinctive / 4.3.2.2：
Inviting Captive / 4.3.2.3：
Clearing Limiting / 4.3.3：
Equilibrating Transitional / 4.3.3.1：
Extracting Minimal / 4.3.3.2：
Gambling Beyond / 4.4：
Guiding Proliferative / 4.4.1：
Feeding Proximate / 4.4.1.1：
Rooting Renewal / 4.4.1.2：
Accepting Inescapable / 4.4.2：
Patterning Positional / 4.4.2.1：
Relating Interfacial / 4.4.2.2：
Grafting Integral / 4.4.2.3：
Concluding Remarks / 4.5：
Learning Fluent / 5.1：
Parsing Semantic / 5.2：
Drawing Pragmatic / 5.3：
Revealing Contributory / Chapter 6：
Subject Index
Introductory Notes / Chapter 1：
Inspiring Hierarchical / 1.1：
Encoding Instructive / 1.2：
2.
図書
Karl Pfleger, Hans H. Maurer, Armin Weber
出版情報:
Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2007 2 v. ; 29 cm
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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(Methods, Tables) / Volume 1：
Methods
Introduction / 1：
Experimental Section / 2：
Origin and choice of samples / 2.1：
Sample preparation / 2.2：
Standard extraction procedures / 2.2.1：
Standard liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for plasma, urine or gastric contents (P, U, G) / 2.2.1.1：
STA procedure (hydrolysis, extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation) for urine (U+UHYAC) / 2.2.1.2：
Extraction of urine after cleavage of conjugates by glucuronidase and arylsulfatase (UGLUC) / 2.2.1.3：
Extractive methylation procedure for urine or plasma (UME, PME) / 2.2.1.4：
Solid-phase extraction for plasma or urine (PSPE, USPE) / 2.2.1.5：
LLE of plasma for determination of drugs for brain death diagnosis / 2.2.1.6：
Extraction of ethylene glycol and other glycols from plasma or urine followed by microwave-assisted pivalylation (PEGPIV or UEGPIV) / 2.2.1.7：
Derivatization procedures / 2.2.2：
Acetylation (AC) / 2.2.2.1：
Methylation (ME) / 2.2.2.2：
Ethylation (ET) / 2.2.2.3：
tert.-Butyldimethylsilylation (TBDMS) / 2.2.2.4：
Trimethylsilylation (TMS) / 2.2.2.5：
Trimethylsilylation followed by trifluoroacetylation (TMSTFA) / 2.2.2.6：
Trifluoroacetylation (TFA) / 2.2.2.7：
Pentafluoropropionylation (PFP) / 2.2.2.8：
Pentafluoropropylation (PFPOL) / 2.2.2.9：
Heptafluorobutyrylation (HFB) / 2.2.2.10：
Pivalylation (PIV) / 2.2.2.11：
Heptafluorobutyrylprolylation (HFBP) / 2.2.2.12：
GC-MS Apparatus / 2.3：
Apparatus and operation conditions / 2.3.1：
Quality assurance of the apparatus performance / 2.3.2：
Determination of retention indices / 2.4：
Systematic toxicological analysis (STA) of several classes of drugs and their metabolites by GC-MS / 2.5：
Screening for 200 drugs in blood plasma after LLE / 2.5.1：
Screening for most of the basic and neutral drugs in urine after acid hydrolysis, LLE and acetylation / 2.5.2：
Systematic toxicological analysis procedures for the detection of acidic drugs and/or their metabolites / 2.5.3：
General screening procedure for zwitterionic compounds after SPE and silylation / 2.5.4：
Application of the electronic version of this handbook / 2.6：
Quantitative determination / 2.7：
Correlation between Structure and Fragmentation / 3：
Principle of electron-ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) / 3.1：
Correlation between fundamental structures or side chains and fragment ions / 3.2：
Formation of Artifacts / 4：
Artifacts formed by oxidation during extraction with diethyl ether / 4.1：
N-Oxidation of tertiary amines / 4.1.1：
S-Oxidation of phenothiazines / 4.1.2：
Artifacts formed by thermolysis during GC (GC artifact) / 4.2：
Decarboxylation of carboxylic acids / 4.2.1：
Cope elimination of N-oxides (-(CH3)2NOH, -(C2H5)2NOH, -C6H14N2O2) / 4.2.2：
Rearrangement of bis-deethyl flurazepam (-H2O) / 4.2.3：
Elimination of various residues / 4.2.4：
Methylation of carboxylic acids in methanol ((ME), ME in methanol) / 4.2.5：
Formation of formaldehyde adducts using methanol as solvent (GC artifact in methanol) / 4.2.6：
Artifacts formed by thermolysis during GC and during acid hydrolysis (GC artifact, HY artifact) / 4.3：
Dehydration of alcohols (-H2O) / 4.3.1：
Decarbamoylation of carbamates / 4.3.2：
Cleavage of morazone to phenmetrazine / 4.3.3：
Artifacts formed during acid hydrolysis / 4.4：
Cleavage of the ether bridge in beta-blockers and alkanolamine antihistamines (HY) / 4.4.1：
Cleavage of 1,4-benzodiazepines to aminobenzoyl derivatives (HY) / 4.4.2：
Cleavage and rearrangement of N-demethyl metabolites of clobazam to benzimidazole derivatives (HY) / 4.4.3：
Cleavage and rearrangement of bis-deethyl flurazepam (HY -H2O) / 4.4.4：
Cleavage and rearrangement of tetrazepam / 4.4.5：
(Methods, Tables) / Volume 1：
Methods
Introduction / 1：
3.
図書
authors, G. Guelachvili, K.Narahari Rao ; editor, G. Guelachvili
目次情報:
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CS2 (SCS).
CS2+ (SCS+).
CS2++ (SCS++).
CSe2 (SeCSe).
C2N (CCN).
C2N (CNC).
C2N+ (CCN+).
C2N+ (CNC+).
CS2 (SCS).
CS2+ (SCS+).
CS2++ (SCS++).
4.
図書
Corneliu Constantinescu
目次情報:
続きを見る
Introduction
Banach Algebras / 2：
Algebras / 2.1：
General Results / 2.1.1：
Invertible Elements / 2.1.2：
The Spectrum / 2.1.3：
Standard Examples / 2.1.4：
Complexification of Algebras / 2.1.5：
Exercises
Normed Algebras / 2.2：
The Standard Examples / 2.2.1：
The Exponential Function and the Neumann Series / 2.2.3：
Invertible Elements of Unital Banach Algebras / 2.2.4：
The Theorems of Riesz and Gelfand / 2.2.5：
Poles of Resolvents / 2.2.6：
Modules / 2.2.7：
Involutive Banach Algebras / 2.3：
Involutive Algebras / 2.3.1：
Sesquilinear Forms / 2.3.2：
Positive Linear Forms / 2.3.4：
The State Space / 2.3.5：
Involutive Modules / 2.3.6：
Gelfand Algebras / 2.4：
The Gelfand Transform / 2.4.1：
Involutive Gelfand Algebras / 2.4.2：
Examples / 2.4.3：
Locally Compact Additive Groups / 2.4.4：
The Fourier Transform / 2.4.5：
Compact Operators / 3：
The General Theory / 3.1：
Fredholm Operators / 3.1.1：
Point Spectrum / 3.1.4：
Spectrum of a Compact Operator / 3.1.5：
Integral Operators / 3.1.6：
Linear Differential Equations / 3.2：
Boundary Value Problems for Differential Equations / 3.2.1：
Supplementary Results / 3.2.2：
Linear Partial Differential Equations / 3.2.3：
Name
Index Subject
Index Symbol
Index
Introduction
Banach Algebras / 2：
Algebras / 2.1：
5.
図書
H. Haug ... [et al.] ; edited by C. Klingshirn
目次情報:
続きを見る
Landolt-Börnstein
Group III: Condensed Matter
Semiconductor Quantum Structures / Volume 34：
Optical Properties (Part 2) / Subvolume C2：
Introductory material
Low-dimensional structures of II-VI compounds / 5：
General properties / H. Kalt5.1：
Introduction / 5.1.1：
Some basic properties of bulk II-VI compounds / 5.1.2：
Band-gap energies / 5.1.2.1：
Excitonic properties / 5.1.2.2：
Alignment of electronic bands / 5.1.3：
References for 5.1 / 5.1.4：
Quantum-well structures of II-VI compounds / 5.2：
(Hg,X)Te quantum wells / 5.2.1：
Low-density regime / 5.2.1.1：
Electronic states in quantum wells / 5.2.1.1.1：
Electron-hole and excitonic transitions / 5.2.1.1.2：
Modification of the optical properties by internal fields / 5.2.1.2：
Modification of the optical properties by external fields / 5.2.1.3：
High-density regime and nonlinear optics / 5.2.1.4：
References for 5.2.1 / 5.2.1.5：
CdTe quantum wells / 5.2.2：
Excitonic transitions / 5.2.2.1：
Localized excitons / 5.2.2.1.3：
Polariton effects / 5.2.2.1.4：
Strained quantum wells / 5.2.2.2：
Piezoelectric quantum wells / 5.2.2.2.2：
Hydrostatic pressure / 5.2.2.3：
External electric fields / 5.2.2.3.2：
External magnetic fields / 5.2.2.3.3：
The intermediate-density regime / 5.2.2.4：
Exciton-exciton interaction / 5.2.2.4.1：
Excitonic lasing and optical gain / 5.2.2.4.2：
Biexcitons / 5.2.2.4.3：
The high-density regime / 5.2.2.5：
One-component plasma (2DEG) / 5.2.2.5.1：
Electron-hole plasma / 5.2.2.5.2：
Coherent dynamics and relaxation of optical excitations / 5.2.2.6：
Coherent interactions / 5.2.2.6.1：
Dephasing mechanisms and homogeneous linewidth / 5.2.2.6.2：
Relaxation processes / 5.2.2.6.3：
Transport phenomena of excitons and trions / 5.2.2.6.4：
Radiative and nonradiative recombination / 5.2.2.6.5：
References for 5.2.2 / 5.2.2.7：
(Cd,Zn)Te, (Cd,Mn)Te, and (Cd,Mg)Te quantum wells / 5.2.3：
The intermediate and high-density regimes / 5.2.3.1：
References for 5.2.3 / 5.2.3.4：
ZnTe quantum wells / 5.2.4：
Excitons and polaritons / 5.2.4.1：
Optical nonlinearities and high-density effects / 5.2.4.3：
References for 5.2.4 / 5.2.4.4：
Telluride diluted-magnetic semiconductor quantum-well structures: (Hg,Mn)Te, (Cd,Mn)Te, and (Zn,Mn)Te QWs; Se/Te type-II QWs / 5.2.5：
Zeeman splitting and its applications / 5.2.5.1：
Giant Zeeman splitting / 5.2.5.1.1：
Magnetic-field induced type-I to type-II transition / 5.2.5.1.2：
Interface effects in non-DMS/DMS QW structures / 5.2.5.1.3：
Magnetic-field induced circular birefringence / 5.2.5.1.4：
Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs and complexes (low-density regime) / 5.2.5.2：
Magnetic polarons / 5.2.5.2.1：
Donor-acceptor pair recombination / 5.2.5.2.3：
The intermediate and high-density regime / 5.2.5.3：
Spin-aligned excitons / 5.2.5.3.1：
Spin-aligned magnetoplasma / 5.2.5.3.2：
Two-dimensional electron or hole gas / 5.2.5.3.3：
Coherent spin dynamics and spin injection / 5.2.5.4：
Spin relaxation / 5.2.5.4.2：
Exciton dephasing and homogeneous broadening / 5.2.5.4.3：
Formation dynamics of magnetic polarons / 5.2.5.4.4：
Recombination processes / 5.2.5.4.5：
References for 5.2.5 / 5.2.5.5：
Telluride/Selenide quantum wells / 5.2.6：
High-density regime and dynamics / 5.2.6.1：
References for 5.2.6 / 5.2.6.3：
HgSe and (Hg,Cd)Se quantum wells / 5.2.7：
References for 5.2.7
CdSe quantum wells / 5.2.8：
High-density regime / 5.2.8.1：
Relaxation dynamics / 5.2.8.3：
References for 5.2.8 / 5.2.8.4：
(Cd,Zn)Se quantum wells / 5.2.9：
Modifications of the optical properties by internal fields / 5.2.9.1：
Piezoelectric fields / 5.2.9.2.1：
Modifications of the optical properties by external fields / 5.2.9.3：
Excitonic interactions and Pauli blocking / 5.2.9.3.1：
Two-photon absorption and second harmonic generation / 5.2.9.4.2：
Localized biexcitons / 5.2.9.4.3：
Excitonic and biexcitonic stimulated emission and optical gain / 5.2.9.4.4：
Fermi-edge singularity / 5.2.9.5：
Correlated electron-hole plasma / 5.2.9.5.2：
Coherent interactions and dephasing / 5.2.9.6：
Transport phenomena / 5.2.9.6.2：
Dynamics of gain and stimulated emission / 5.2.9.6.4：
Radiative and non-radiative recombination / 5.2.9.6.5：
References for 5.2.9 / 5.2.9.7：
ZnSe quantum wells / 5.2.10：
Strain and piezoelectric fields / 5.2.10.1：
Transient internal space charge fields / 5.2.10.2.2：
Electric fields / 5.2.10.3：
Magnetic fields / 5.2.10.3.3：
Excitonic gain and lasing / 5.2.10.4：
Nonlinear optical effects / 5.2.10.4.4：
Optical gain and lasing / 5.2.10.5：
Hot-exciton relaxation / 5.2.10.6：
Lateral transport / 5.2.10.6.4：
References for 5.2.10 / 5.2.10.6.6：
Selenide-based quantum wells containing Be, Mg, or S in the well / 5.2.11：
References for 5.2.11
Selenide diluted-magnetic semiconductor quantum-well structures: (Cd,Mn)Se, (Zn,Mn)Se, and (Zn,Fe)Se QWs / 5.2.12：
Two-dimensional electron gas / 5.2.12.1：
Spin dephasing and relaxation / 5.2.12.4：
Dynamics of magnetic polarons / 5.2.12.4.2：
References for 5.2.12 / 5.2.12.4.3：
Zincblende Sulphide/Selenide type-II quantum wells / 5.2.13：
References for 5.2.13
CdS/ZnS and (Cd,Zn)S/ZnS quantum wells / 5.2.14：
Intermediate and high-density regime / 5.2.14.1：
Exciton dynamics / 5.2.14.4：
References for 5.2.14 / 5.2.14.5：
ZnS/(Zn,Mg)S quantum wells / 5.2.15：
References for 5.2.15
ZnO and (Zn,Cd)O quantum wells / 5.2.16：
Dynamics of optical excitations / 5.2.16.1：
References for 5.2.16 / 5.2.16.5：
Superlattices and coupled quantum-well structures of II-VI compounds / 5.3：
(Hg,X)Te superlattices / 5.3.1：
Electronic states in superlattices / 5.3.1.1：
References for 5.3.1 / 5.3.1.1.2：
CdTe/(Cd,X)Te and (Cd,X)Te/ZnTe superlattices and coupled quantum wells / 5.3.2：
Transient effects and dynamics / 5.3.2.1：
References for 5.3.2 / 5.3.2.5：
Telluride diluted magnetic semiconductor superlattices and coupled quantum wells / 5.3.3：
Electronic states in DMS SLs / 5.3.3.1：
Spin states in DMS SLs / 5.3.3.2：
Polaritons / 5.3.3.3：
Dynamic processes / 5.3.3.5：
References for 5.3.3 / 5.3.3.6：
Telluride/Selenide and Telluride/Sulphide superlattices / 5.3.4：
Electronic states in type-II SLs / 5.3.4.1：
Excitons and isoelectronic traps / 5.3.4.2：
High-excitation regime / 5.3.4.3：
References for 5.3.4 / 5.3.4.5：
CdSe, ZnSe, (Cd,Zn)Se, and (Zn,Mg)(S,Se) superlattices and coupled quantum wells / 5.3.5：
Electronic states in strained-layer superlattices / 5.3.5.1：
Optical functions in superlattices and multiple quantum wells / 5.3.5.1.2：
Magnetic field / 5.3.5.1.3：
References for 5.3.5 / 5.3.5.4：
Selenide DMS superlattices and coupled quantum wells / 5.3.6：
Electronic states in diluted magnetic semiconductor superlattices (DMS SLs) / 5.3.6.1：
Spin-relaxation and spin injection / 5.3.6.1.2：
References for 5.3.6 / 5.3.6.3：
CdSe/CdS and CdS/ZnSe intrinsic Stark superlattices / 5.3.7：
References for 5.3.7 / 5.3.7.1：
Zincblende Sulphide/Selenide superlattices / 5.3.8：
References for 5.3.8
CdS/ZnS, CdS/(Cd,ZnS), and (Cd,Zn)S/ZnS superlattices / 5.3.9：
References for 5.3.9
Quantum-wire structures / 5.4：
Telluride quantum wires / 5.4.1：
Selenide quantum wires / 5.4.1.1：
Electron-phonon coupling / 5.4.2.1：
Optical gain / 5.4.2.1.3：
Exciton recombination / 5.4.2.3：
Sulfide quantum wires / 5.4.3：
Oxide quantum wires / 5.4.4：
Semimagnetic quantum wires / 5.4.5：
Mn-related transitions / 5.4.5.1：
Magneto-optics / 5.4.5.2：
References for 5.4 / 5.4.6：
II-VI Quantum dots I - Nanocrystals / U. Woggon ; S.V. Gaponenko5.5：
HgTe / 5.5.1：
CdTe / 5.5.2：
The low-density regime / 5.5.2.1：
Size-dependent energy states / 5.5.2.1.1：
Splitting of states / 5.5.2.1.2：
Interaction with phonons / 5.5.2.1.3：
Impurity states / 5.5.2.1.4：
Coherent dynamics, relaxation and recombination of optical excitations / 5.5.2.2：
Dot-dot interactions, quantum dot arrays / 5.5.2.5：
(Cd,Hg)Te / 5.5.3：
Cd(Te,Se) and Cd(Te,S) / 5.5.4：
ZnTe / 5.5.5：
HgSe / 5.5.6：
CdSe / 5.5.7：
Biexciton states / 5.5.7.1：
Nonlinear optical coefficients / 5.5.7.2.2：
Stimulated emission and optical gain / 5.5.7.2.3：
Dephasing times and homogeneous linewidth / 5.5.7.3：
Cd(Se,S) / 5.5.7.4.2：
(Cd,Mn)Se / 5.5.8.1：
(Cd,Zn)Se / 5.5.10：
ZnSe / 5.5.11：
HgS / 5.5.11.1：
CdS / 5.5.13：
Nonlinear-optical coefficients / 5.5.13.1：
(Zn,Cd)S / 5.5.13.2.3：
(Zn,Mn)S / 5.5.15：
ZnS / 5.5.16：
CdO / 5.5.16.1：
ZnO / 5.5.18：
References for 5.5 / 5.5.18.1：
II-VI Quantum dots II - Self-organized, epitaxially grown nanostructures / 5.6：
Excitonic states and their fine structure / 5.6.1：
Charged excitons / 5.6.2.1.2：
(Cd,Mn)Te, (Cd,Mg)Te / 5.6.2.1.3：
CdSe and ZnCdSe / 5.6.4：
References for 5.6 / 5.6.6.1：
Landolt-Börnstein
Group III: Condensed Matter
Semiconductor Quantum Structures / Volume 34：
6.
図書
Thomas Barkowsky
目次情報:
続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Mental Processing of Geographic Knowledge / 1.1：
Cognitive Maps / 1.1.1：
Mental Construction of Spatial Knowledge: An Example / 1.1.2：
Theses and Assumptions / 1.2：
Knowledge Construction and Human Memory / 1.2.1：
Characteristics of Geographic Knowledge / 1.2.2：
Spatial Knowledge Organization in Long-Term Memory / 1.2.3：
Visual Mental Images and Diagrammatic Reasoning / 1.2.4：
Research Questions and Goals / 1.3：
Research Questions / 1.3.1：
Goals / 1.3.2：
Approach: Experimental Computational Modeling / 1.4：
Computational Cognition / 1.4.1：
Building Computational Models / 1.4.2：
Modeling as Experimental Approach / 1.4.3：
Organization of this Thesis / 1.5：
State of the Art / 2：
Spatial Knowledge Conceptions: Cognitive Maps and Other Metaphors / 2.1：
Rubber Sheet Maps, Cognitive Atlases, Collages, and Geographic Information Systems / 2.1.1：
Spatial Mental Models / 2.1.3：
Other Conceptions / 2.1.4：
Human Memory / 2.2：
Working Memory / 2.2.1：
Long-Term Memory / 2.2.2：
Interacting Memory Systems in Mental Imagery / 2.2.3：
Mental Imagery / 2.3：
The Imagery Debate / 2.3.1：
Psychological and Neuroscientific Foundations / 2.3.2：
The Kosslyn Models / 2.3.3：
The 1980 Model / 2.3.3.1：
The 1994 Model / 2.3.3.2：
Spatial Reasoning / 2.4：
Topology / 2.4.1：
Orientation / 2.4.2：
Distance / 2.4.3：
Shape / 2.4.4：
Computational Geometry / 2.4.5：
Diagrammatic Reasoning / 2.5：
Propositional vs. Analogical Knowledge Representation / 2.5.1：
Types of Diagrammatic Reasoning Systems / 2.5.2：
Examples for Diagrammatic Reasoning Architectures / 2.5.3：
DEPIC-2D / 2.5.3.1：
WHISPER / 2.5.3.2：
Computational Imagery / 2.5.3.3：
Summary / 2.6：
MIRAGE - Developing the Model / 3：
Characteristics of the Model / 3.1：
Evaluating the Working Memory Representation / 3.1.1：
MIRAGE - Outline of the Model / 3.2：
Types of Entities and Spatial Relations in MIRAGE / 3.3：
Entities / 3.3.1：
Relations / 3.3.2：
Subsystems, Structures, and Processes / 3.4：
Long-Term Memory Activation / 3.4.1：
Spatial Knowledge Fragments / 3.4.1.1：
The Hierarchical Long-Term Memory Representation / 3.4.1.2：
The Access Process / 3.4.1.3：
The Activated Long-Term Memory Representation / 3.4.1.4：
The Construction Process / 3.4.1.5：
Visual Mental Image Construction / 3.4.2：
The Enriched Representation / 3.4.2.1：
The Conversion Process / 3.4.2.2：
The Visual Buffer / 3.4.2.3：
The Visualization Process / 3.4.2.4：
Image Inspection / 3.4.3：
The Inspection Result / 3.4.3.1：
The Inspection Process / 3.4.3.2：
Visual Mental Image Construction in Detail / 4：
A More Demanding Scenario / 4.1：
Diagrammatic Representations of Lean Knowledge / 4.2：
Consequences for Image Construction / 4.3：
Relaxation of Spatial Constraints / 4.3.1：
Completion of Qualitative Spatial Relations / 4.3.2：
Interpretation of Qualitative Spatial Relations / 4.3.3：
Image Revision Strategies in MIRAGE / 4.4：
Unstable Images / 4.4.1：
Omission of Facts / 4.4.2：
Revision of Relational Completion / 4.4.3：
Variation of Relational Completion / 4.4.3.1：
Relaxation of Relational Completion / 4.4.3.2：
Revision of Image Specification / 4.4.4：
Depicting Qualitative Spatial Relations / 4.4.4.1：
Depicting Unspecified Spatial Relations / 4.4.4.2：
MIRAGE Implementation / 4.5：
Computational Tools for Modeling: SIMSIS / 5.1：
The Idea of SIMSIS / 5.1.1：
The Aspect Map Model / 5.1.1.1：
Modeling Aspect Maps in SIMSIS / 5.1.1.2：
Depictions, Scenarios, and Interpretations / 5.1.2：
SIMSIS Pictures / 5.1.2.1：
SIMSIS Facts and Scenarios / 5.1.2.2：
SIMSIS Interpretations and Meaning Systems / 5.1.2.3：
Realization of the Model / 5.2：
MIRAGE Structures / 5.2.1：
Entities, Relations, and Spatial Knowledge Fragments / 5.2.1.1：
The Long-Term Memory Representations / 5.2.1.2：
MIRAGE Processes / 5.2.1.3：
The Long-Term Memory Activation Processes / 5.2.2.1：
The Image Construction Processes / 5.2.2.2：
Operation and Behavior of MIRAGE / 5.2.2.3：
Conclusion and Outlook / 6：
Results and Discussion / 6.1：
Reflecting the Theses / 6.2.1：
Spatial Knowledge Construction / 6.2.1.1：
Underdeterminacy in Long-Term Memory / 6.2.1.2：
Fragmentation and Hierarchical Organization / 6.2.1.3：
Visual Mental Imagery / 6.2.1.4：
The Parameters of the Model / 6.2.2：
Explicit Parameters / 6.2.2.1：
Implicit Parameters / 6.2.2.2：
Conclusions / 6.2.3：
Future Work / 6.3：
Extending MIRAGE / 6.3.1：
Geographic Entities and Spatial Relations / 6.3.1.1：
Partially Aggregated Knowledge Structures / 6.3.1.2：
Mental Imagery Functionality / 6.3.1.3：
Parameters of MIRAGE / 6.3.1.4：
Empirical Investigations / 6.3.2：
Use of Default Knowledge / 6.3.2.1：
Control of Image Construction / 6.3.2.2：
Processing Capacity for Mental Images / 6.3.2.3：
Use of Chunking Facilities / 6.3.2.4：
Combination of Propositional and Image-Based Reasoning / 6.3.2.5：
Application Perspectives / 6.3.3：
Adequate Presentation of Visual Information / 6.3.3.1：
External Support of Reasoning in Mental Images / 6.3.3.2：
Bibliography
Index
Introduction / 1：
Mental Processing of Geographic Knowledge / 1.1：
Cognitive Maps / 1.1.1：
7.
図書
Robert Alicki and Mark Fannes
出版情報:
Oxford : Oxford University Press, c2001 xiv, 278 p. ; 24 cm
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Introduction / 1：
Basic tools for quantum mechanics / 2：
Hilbert spaces and operators / 2.1：
Vector spaces / 2.1.1：
Banach and Hilbert spaces / 2.1.2：
Geometrical properties of Hilbert spaces / 2.1.3：
Orthonormal bases / 2.1.4：
Subspaces and projectors / 2.1.5：
Linear maps between Banach spaces / 2.1.6：
Linear functionals and Dirac notation / 2.1.7：
Adjoints of bounded operators / 2.1.8：
Hermitian, unitary and normal operators / 2.1.9：
Partial isometries and polar decomposition / 2.1.10：
Spectra of operators / 2.1.11：
Unbounded operators / 2.1.12：
Measures / 2.2：
Measures and integration / 2.2.1：
Distributions / 2.2.2：
Hilbert spaces of functions / 2.2.3：
Spectral measures / 2.2.4：
Probability in quantum mechanics / 2.3：
Pure states / 2.3.1：
Mixed states, density matrices / 2.3.2：
Observables in quantum mechanics / 2.4：
Compact operators / 2.4.1：
Weyl quantization / 2.4.2：
Composed systems / 2.5：
Direct sums / 2.5.1：
Tensor products / 2.5.2：
Observables and states of composite systems / 2.5.3：
Notes / 2.6：
Deterministic dynamics / 3：
Deterministic quantum dynamics / 3.1：
Time-independent Hamiltonians / 3.1.1：
Perturbations of Hamiltonians / 3.1.2：
Time-dependent Hamiltonians / 3.1.3：
Periodic perturbations and Floquet operators / 3.1.4：
Kicked dynamics / 3.1.5：
Classical limits / 3.2：
Classical differentiable dynamics / 3.3：
Self-adjoint Laplacians on compact manifolds / 3.4：
Spin chains / 3.5：
Local observables / 4.1：
States of a spin system / 4.2：
Symmetries and dynamics / 4.3：
Algebraic tools / 5：
C*-algebras / 5.1：
Examples / 5.2：
States and representations / 5.3：
Dynamical systems and von Neumann algebras / 5.4：
Fermionic dynamical systems / 5.5：
Fermions in Fock space / 6.1：
Fock space / 6.1.1：
Creation and annihilation / 6.1.2：
Second quantization / 6.1.3：
The CAR-algebra / 6.2：
Canonical anticommutation relations / 6.2.1：
Quasi-free automorphisms / 6.2.2：
Quasi-free states / 6.2.3：
Ergodic theory / 6.3：
Ergodicity in classical systems / 7.1：
Ergodicity in quantum systems / 7.2：
Asymptotic Abelianness / 7.2.1：
Multitime correlations / 7.2.2：
Fluctuations around ergodic means / 7.2.3：
Lyapunov exponents / 7.3：
Classical dynamics / 7.3.1：
Quantum dynamics / 7.3.2：
Quantum irreversibility / 7.4：
Measurement theory / 8.1：
Open quantum systems / 8.2：
Complete positivity / 8.3：
Quantum dynamical semigroups / 8.4：
Quasi-free completely positive maps / 8.5：
Entropy / 8.6：
von Neumann entropy / 9.1：
Technical preliminaries / 9.1.1：
Properties of von Neumann's entropy / 9.1.2：
Mean entropy / 9.1.3：
Entropy of quasi-free states / 9.1.4：
Relative entropy / 9.2：
Finite-dimensional case / 9.2.1：
Maximum entropy principle / 9.2.2：
Algebraic setting / 9.2.3：
Dynamical entropy / 9.3：
Operational partitions / 10.1：
Symbolic dynamics / 10.2：
The entropy / 10.2.2：
Some technical results / 10.3：
The quantum shift / 10.4：
The free shift / 10.4.2：
Infinite entropy / 10.4.3：
Powers-Price shifts / 10.4.4：
Classical dynamical entropy / 10.5：
The Kolmogorov-Sinai invariant / 11.1：
H-density / 11.2：
Finite quantum systems / 12：
Quantum chaos / 12.1：
Time scales / 12.1.1：
Spectral statistics / 12.1.2：
Semi-classical limits / 12.1.3：
The kicked top / 12.2：
The model / 12.2.1：
The classical limit / 12.2.2：
Kicked mean-field Heisenberg model / 12.2.3：
Chaotic properties / 12.2.4：
Gram matrices / 12.3：
Entropy production / 12.4：
Model systems / 12.5：
Entropy of the quantum cat map / 13.1：
Ruelle's inequality / 13.2：
Non-commutative Riemannian structures / 13.2.1：
Non-commutative Lyapunov exponents / 13.2.2：
Quasi-free Fermion dynamics / 13.2.3：
Description of the model / 13.3.1：
Main result / 13.3.2：
Sketch of the proof / 13.3.3：
Epilogue / 13.4：
References
Index
Introduction / 1：
Basic tools for quantum mechanics / 2：
Hilbert spaces and operators / 2.1：
8.
図書
Hans Bisswanger
出版情報:
Weinheim : WILEY-VCH, c2008 xviii, 301 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface to the Second English Edition
Preface to the First English Edition
Symbols and Abbreviations
Introduction and Definitions
References
Multiple Equilibria / 1：
Diffusion / 1.1：
Interaction between Macromolecules and Ligands / 1.2：
Binding Constants / 1.2.1：
Macromolecules with One Binding Site / 1.2.2：
Macromolecules with Identical Independent Binding Sites / 1.3：
General Binding Equation / 1.3.1：
Graphic Representations of the Binding Equation / 1.3.2：
Direct and Linear Diagrams / 1.3.2.1：
Analysis of Binding Data from Spectroscopic Titrations / 1.3.2.2：
Binding of Different Ligands, Competition / 1.3.3：
Non-competitive Binding / 1.3.4：
Macromolecules with Non-identical, Independent Binding Sites / 1.4：
Macromolecules with Identical, Interacting Binding Sites, Cooperativity / 1.5：
The Hill Equation / 1.5.1：
The Adair Equation / 1.5.2：
The Pauling Model / 1.5.3：
Allosteric Enzymes / 1.5.4：
The Symmetry or Concerted Model / 1.5.5：
The Sequential Model and Negative Cooperativity / 1.5.6：
Analysis of Cooperativity / 1.5.7：
Physiological Aspects of Cooperativity / 1.5.8：
Examples of Allosteric Enzymes / 1.5.9：
Hemoglobin / 1.5.9.1：
Aspartate Transcarbamoylase / 1.5.9.2：
Aspartokinase / 1.5.9.3：
Phosphofructokinase / 1.5.9.4：
Allosteric Regulation of the Glycogen Metabolism / 1.5.9.5：
Membrane Bound Enzymes and Receptors / 1.5.9.6：
Non-identical, Interacting Binding Sites / 1.6：
Enzyme Kinetics / 2：
Reaction Order / 2.1：
First Order Reactions / 2.1.1：
Second Order Reactions / 2.1.2：
Zero Order Reactions / 2.1.3：
Steady-State Kinetics and the Michaelis-Menten Equation / 2.2：
Derivation of the Michaelis-Menten Equation / 2.2.1：
Analysis of Enzyme Kinetic Data / 2.3：
Graphical Representations of the Michaelis-Menten Equation / 2.3.1：
Direct and Semi-logarithmic Representations / 2.3.1.1：
Direct Linear Plots / 2.3.1.2：
Linearization Methods / 2.3.1.3：
Analysis of Progress Curves / 2.3.2：
Integrated Michaelis-Menten Equation / 2.3.2.1：
Determination of Reaction Rates / 2.3.2.2：
Graphic Methods for Rate Determination / 2.3.2.3：
Graphic Determination of True Initial Rates / 2.3.2.4：
Reversible Enzyme Reactions / 2.4：
Rate Equation for Reversible Enzyme Reactions / 2.4.1：
The Haldane Relationship / 2.4.2：
Product Inhibition / 2.4.3：
Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5：
Unspecific Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5.1：
Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5.2：
General Features of Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5.2.1：
Suicide Substrates / 2.5.2.2：
Transition State Analogs / 2.5.2.3：
Analysis of Irreversible Inhibitions / 2.5.2.4：
Reversible Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5.3：
General Rate Equation / 2.5.3.1：
Non-Competitive Inhibition and Graphic Representation of Inhibition Data / 2.5.3.2：
Competitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.3：
Uncompetitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.4：
Partially Non-competitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.5：
Partially Uncompetitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.6：
Partially Competitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.7：
Noncompetitive and Uncompetitive Product Inhibition / 2.5.3.8：
Substrate Inhibition / 2.5.3.9：
Enzyme Reactions with Two Competing Substrates / 2.5.4：
Different Enzymes Catalyzing the Same Reaction / 2.5.5：
Multi-substrate Reactions / 2.6：
Nomenclature / 2.6.1：
Random Mechanism / 2.6.2：
Ordered Mechanism / 2.6.3：
Ping-pong Mechanism / 2.6.4：
Product Inhibition in Multi-substrate Reactions / 2.6.5：
Haldane Relationships in Multi-substrate Reactions / 2.6.6：
Mechanisms with more than Two Substrates / 2.6.7：
Other Nomenclatures for Multi-substrate Reactions / 2.6.8：
Derivation of Rate Equations of Complex Enzyme Mechanisms / 2.7：
King-Altmann Method / 2.7.1：
Simplified Derivations Applying Graph Theory / 2.7.2：
Combination of Equilibrium and Steady State Approach / 2.7.3：
Kinetic Treatment of Allosteric Enzymes / 2.8：
Hysteretic Enzymes / 2.8.1：
Kinetic Cooperativity, the Slow Transition Model / 2.8.2：
pH and Temperature Dependence of Enzymes / 2.9：
pH Optimum and Determination of pK Values / 2.9.1：
pH Stability / 2.9.2：
Temperature Dependence / 2.9.3：
Isotope Exchange / 2.10：
Isotope Exchange Kinetics / 2.10.1：
Isotope Effects / 2.10.2：
Primary Kinetic Isotope Effect / 2.10.2.1：
Influence of the Kinetic Isotope Effect on V and Km / 2.10.2.2：
Other Isotope Effects / 2.10.2.3：
Special Enzyme Mechanisms / 2.11：
Ribozymes / 2.11.1：
Polymer Substrates / 2.11.2：
Kinetics of Immobilized Enzymes / 2.11.3：
External Diffusion Limitation / 2.11.3.1：
Internal Diffusion Limitation / 2.11.3.2：
Inhibition of Immobilized Enzymes / 2.11.3.3：
pH and Temperature Behavior of Immobilized Enzymes / 2.11.3.4：
Transport Processes / 2.11.4：
Enzyme Reactions at Membrane Interfaces / 2.11.5：
Application of Statistical Methods in Enzyme Kinetics / 2.12：
General Remarks / 2.12.1：
Statistical Terms Used in Enzyme Kinetics / 2.12.2：
Methods / 3：
Methods for Investigation of Multiple Equilibria / 3.1：
Equilibrium Dialysis and General Aspects of Binding Measurements / 3.1.1：
Equilibrium Dialysis / 3.1.1.1：
Control Experiments and Sources of Error / 3.1.1.2：
Continuous Equilibrium Dialysis / 3.1.1.3：
Ultrafiltration / 3.1.2：
Gel Filtration / 3.1.3：
Batch Method / 3.1.3.1：
The Method of Hummel and Dreyer / 3.1.3.2：
Other Gel Filtration Methods / 3.1.3.3：
Ultracentrifugation / 3.1.4：
Fixed Angle Ultracentrifugation Methods / 3.1.4.1：
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation / 3.1.4.2：
Surface Plasmon Resonance / 3.1.5：
Electrochemical Methods / 3.2：
The Oxygen Electrode / 3.2.1：
The CO2 Electrode / 3.2.2：
Potentiometry, Redox Potentials / 3.2.3：
The pH-stat / 3.2.4：
Polarography / 3.2.5：
Calorimetry / 3.3：
Spectroscopic Methods / 3.4：
Absorption Spectroscopy / 3.4.1：
The Lambert-Beer Law / 3.4.1.1：
Spectral Properties of Enzymes and Ligands / 3.4.1.2：
Structure of Spectrophotometers / 3.4.1.3：
Double Beam Spectrophotometer / 3.4.1.4：
Difference Spectroscopy / 3.4.1.5：
The Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometer / 3.4.1.6：
Photochemical Action Spectra / 3.4.1.7：
Bioluminescence / 3.4.2：
Fluorescence / 3.4.3：
Quantum Yield / 3.4.3.1：
Structure of Spectrofluorimeters / 3.4.3.2：
Perturbations of Fluorescence Measurements / 3.4.3.3：
Fluorescent Compounds (Fluorophores) / 3.4.3.4：
Radiationless Energy Transfer / 3.4.3.5：
Fluorescence Polarization / 3.4.3.6：
Pulse Fluorimetry / 3.4.3.7：
Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotation Dispersion / 3.4.4：
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy / 3.4.5：
IR Spectroscopy / 3.4.5.1：
Raman Spectroscopy / 3.4.5.2：
Applications / 3.4.5.3：
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / 3.4.6：
Measurement of Fast Reactions / 3.5：
Flow Methods / 3.5.1：
The Continuous Flow Method / 3.5.1.1：
The Stopped-flow Method / 3.5.1.2：
Measurement of Enzyme Reactions by Flow Methods / 3.5.1.3：
Determination of the Dead Time / 3.5.1.4：
Relaxation Methods / 3.5.2：
The Temperature Jump Method / 3.5.2.1：
The Pressure Jump Method / 3.5.2.2：
The Electric Field Method / 3.5.2.3：
Flash Photolysis, Pico- and Femto-second Spectroscopy / 3.5.3：
Evaluation of Rapid Kinetic Reactions (Transient Kinetics) / 3.5.4：
Subject Index
Preface to the Second English Edition
Preface to the First English Edition
Symbols and Abbreviations
9.
図書
editors, Hisham Z. Massoud ... [et al.]
10.
図書
Gabriel A. Pall ; forewords by A. Blantin [i.e. Blanton] Godfrey, Stephan H. Haeckelsa
出版情報:
Boca Raton : St. Lucie Press, c2000 xxix, 325 p. ; 25 cm
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The Case for Process Centering / Part I：
Doing Business in the Face of Change / Chapter 1.：
The Changing Business Environment / 1.1：
The Fundamental Success Factors / 1.1.1：
The New Challenge: Accelerated and Unpredictable Change / 1.1.2：
The Results of Change: What Is Really Happening? / 1.1.3：
The History of Change / 1.1.4：
Where Are We Today? / 1.2：
Problems with Today's Corporation / 1.2.1：
Today's Challenge / 1.2.2：
Summary / 1.3：
Traditional Ways of Coping with Change / Chapter 2.：
The Nature and Sources of Change / 2.1：
The Ping-Pong Response of Organizations to Change / 2.1.1：
Today's Customer-Driven Environment / 2.1.2：
Competition in the 21st Century / 2.1.3：
Traditional Responses to Change / 2.2：
Total Quality Management / 2.2.1：
Business Process Reengineering / 2.2.2：
Limitations of Traditional Reengineering / 2.2.3：
Limitations of the Traditional Approaches to Process Change / 2.3：
The Imperfection of Customer Needs / 2.3.1：
The Process Paradox / 2.3.2：
What Now? A Change in Managerial Attitudes / 2.4：
The Economic Value in Process Centering / 2.5：
Managing Work for Value Enhancement / 3.1：
The Value Contribution of Work / 3.1.1：
The Questionable Value Contribution of Downsizing / 3.1.2：
Investment in Business Processes for Economic Value Added / 3.2：
Impact on the Customer / 3.2.1：
Relevance to Overall Strategic Direction / 3.2.2：
The Viability of the Process / 3.2.3：
The Worth of the Process / 3.2.4：
Process Cost / 3.3：
The Cost of Conformance / 3.3.1：
The Cost of Nonconformance / 3.3.2：
The Cost of Quality as Management Tool / 3.3.3：
Productivity and Value / 3.3.4：
The Intellectual Value in Process Centering / 3.4：
The Emergence of Intellectual Assets / 4.1：
Intellectual Value Added / 4.2：
Customer Capital / 4.2.1：
Intellectual Capital / 4.2.2：
Net Added Value of Information Processed / 4.2.3：
The Role of Knowledge Management in Process Design / 4.3：
Process Centering Fundamentals / 4.4：
Understanding Processes / Chapter 5.：
Process Fundamentals / 5.1：
Classic Definitions / 5.1.1：
Process Control / 5.1.2：
Process Capability / 5.1.3：
Core Concepts of Process Thinking / 5.2：
Subject Process / 5.2.1：
Example for Subject Processes / 5.2.2：
Process Feedback / 5.2.3：
Process Quality / 5.2.4：
The Concept of Social Processes: The Human Element / 5.3：
Open Systems / 5.3.1：
Business Processes / 5.3.2：
Process Centering: The Basic Approach / 5.4：
Process Centering as the Prerequisite for Change / 6.1：
Definition of Process Centering / 6.1.1：
Commitment Management / 6.1.2：
Process Reengineering / 6.1.3：
Organizational Adaptability / 6.1.4：
Process Performance and Adaptability / 6.2：
Definitions / 6.2.1：
Adaptive Loops in Processes / 6.2.2：
The Superiority of Process Centering / 6.2.3：
Commitment Coordination and Process Alignment / 6.2.4：
What Needs To Be Done / 6.2.5：
Process Centering: The Response to Change / 6.3：
Response to Change / 7.1：
Upsizing and Growth / 7.1.1：
The Nature of Change / 7.1.2：
Response Characteristics / 7.2：
Information Intensity and Process Adaptability / 7.2.1：
Process Robustness / 7.2.2：
The Economics of Increasing Returns / 7.2.3：
Response Strategies for Growth / 7.3：
Processes as Product Offerings / 7.3.1：
Market Preempting / 7.3.2：
Process Investment Strategies for Growth / 7.3.3：
Process Centering: Role of the Individual / 7.4：
Process People / 8.1：
Empowerment, Commitment and Accountability / 8.1.1：
The Process Professional / 8.1.2：
The Process Team / 8.1.3：
Process Work / 8.2：
Multifunctional Work / 8.2.1：
Multidimensional Work / 8.2.2：
Valuable Work / 8.2.3：
Productive Work / 8.2.4：
Knowledge-Based Work / 8.2.5：
Rewarding Work / 8.2.6：
Work-Driven Shift in Personal Characteristics and Skills / 8.2.7：
Process-Related Roles and Responsibilities / 8.3：
Process Centering: The Management Team / 8.4：
Overseers and Implementers / 9.1：
Enterprise Transformation Executive / 9.1.1：
Enterprise Transformation Council / 9.1.2：
Business Process Management Executive / 9.1.3：
Business Process Owner / 9.1.4：
Business Process Management Team / 9.1.5：
Business Process Management Team Leader / 9.1.6：
Business Process Stakeholders / 9.1.7：
Process Management Resources / 9.2：
Process Contract / 9.2.1：
Process Training / 9.2.2：
Information Technology: The Response Integrator / 9.3：
Change and Information Intensity / 10.1：
Information Technology / 10.1.1：
Information Management for Adaptability / 10.2：
Two Key Process Components / 10.2.1：
Basic Functional Capabilities / 10.2.2：
Technology Assessment / 10.2.3：
Networked Collaborative Systems / 10.3：
Employee Training / 10.3.1：
Collaborative Work Practices / 10.3.2：
Wide-Area Networks / 10.3.3：
Groupware and Collaborative Computing / 10.3.4：
Fundamentals of Online Collaborative Systems / 10.3.5：
Collaborative System Architecture / 10.3.6：
Information Technology as Integrator / 10.4：
Deductive Thinking / 10.4.1：
Inductive Thinking / 10.4.2：
The Need Paradox / 10.4.3：
Process-Centered Management / 10.5：
Basics of Business Process Management / Chapter 11.：
Process Management Overview / 11.1：
The Process Management Roadmap / 11.1.1：
Classification of Business Processes / 11.1.2：
Process Planning / 11.2：
Process Identification and Mapping / 11.2.1：
Process Selection for Reengineering / 11.2.2：
Process Definition / 11.2.3：
Customer Requirements / 11.2.4：
Effective Process-Centered Management / 11.3：
The Operational View / 12.1：
The Two Dimensions of Process Management / 12.1.1：
Commitment Management and Communications / 12.1.2：
Process Resources / 12.1.3：
Process Measurements and Controls / 12.1.4：
Process Adaptability / 12.1.5：
Process Centering / 12.2：
Process Structure: The Holistic View / 12.3：
The Dynamic Business Process / 13.1：
The Holistic Process Model / 13.1.1：
The Workflow and Adaptive Loops / 13.1.3：
Alignment Engineering / 13.2：
Process Performance and Resources / 13.3：
Performance Measurement and Control / 14.1：
Process Measurement / 14.1.1：
Cycle-Time Reduction / 14.1.2：
Cycle-Time Basics / 14.2.1：
Business Cycle Time / 14.2.2：
Time To Respond / 14.2.3：
Time to Commitment / 14.2.4：
Performance Cycle Time / 14.2.5：
Human Resources and Adaptive Management Organization / 14.3：
Groupware / 14.4：
Enterprise Applications / 14.4.2：
Business Processes as Assets / 14.4.3：
Design for Adaptability / 14.5：
Traditional Design Approach to Adaptability / 15.1：
The Holistic Design Approach / 15.2：
Process Design Concepts / 15.2.1：
Design of New Process Structure / 15.2.2：
Redesign of Existing Process Structure / 15.2.3：
Design for Robust Commitments / 15.3：
Design for Process Adaptability / 16.1：
Backbone Network of Commitments / 16.1.1：
Workflow Reconfiguration / 16.1.2：
Design for Accountability / 16.2：
Culture of Accountability / 16.3：
Continuous Improvement and Planning / 16.4：
Process Improvement / 16.4.1：
Launching the Process / 16.4.2：
Process Implementation Planning / 17.1：
Integrated Implementation Planning / 17.1.1：
The Three Steps of Implementation Planning / 17.1.2：
Planning for Implementation Problems / 17.2：
Company-Wide Constraints / 17.2.1：
Process-Level Impediments / 17.2.2：
Cultural Resistance / 17.2.3：
Technology Constraints / 17.2.4：
Planning for Action / 17.3：
Process Deployment / 17.4：
The Process-Centered Organization in Operation / 17.5：
The Business Process Level / 18.1：
Process Ownership / 18.1.1：
Accountability Framework / 18.1.2：
Process Stakeholders / 18.1.3：
Continuous Process Assessment / 18.1.4：
The Enterprise Level / 18.2：
Operational Responsibilities / 18.2.1：
The Millennium Enterprise / 18.2.2：
Appendixes / 18.3：
The Tools of Process Centering / Appendix 1.：
Stand-Alone Software Tools / A1.1：
Process Modeling Tools / A1.1.1：
Process Documentation Tools / A1.1.2：
Process Simulation Tools / A1.1.3：
Process Mapping-Related Activity-Based Costing Tools / A1.1.4：
Project Management Tools / A1.1.5：
Groupware/Software Tools for Team Effectiveness / A1.1.6：
ERP-Based Software Tools / A1.2：
SAP / A1.2.1：
Oracle / A1.2.2：
Abbreviations and Acronyms / Appendix 2.：
Glossary
Endnotes
Bibliography
Index
The Case for Process Centering / Part I：
Doing Business in the Face of Change / Chapter 1.：
The Changing Business Environment / 1.1：
11.
図書
Michael Beetz
目次情報:
続きを見る
Abstract
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
Introduction / 1：
The Approach / 1.1：
Technical Challenges / 1.2：
Introductory Example / 1.3：
Motivation / 1.4：
Relevance for Autonomous Robot Control / 1.4.1：
Relevance for AI Planning / 1.4.2：
The Computational Problem and Its Solution / 1.5：
The Computational Problem / 1.5.1：
The Computational Model / 1.5.2：
Contributions / 1.6：
Outline of the Book / 1.7：
Reactivity / 2：
The DeliveryWorld / 2.1：
The World / 2.1.1：
Commands and Jobs / 2.1.2：
The Robot / 2.1.3：
Justification of the DeliveryWorld / 2.1.4：
The Implementation of Routine Activities / 2.2：
Plan Steps vs. Concurrent Control Processes / 2.2.1：
Interfacing Continuous Control Processes / 2.2.2：
Coordinating Control Processes / 2.2.3：
Synchronization of Concurrent Control Threads / 2.2.4：
Failure Recovery / 2.2.5：
Perception / 2.2.6：
State, Memory, and World Models / 2.2.7：
The Structure of Routine Activities / 2.2.8：
The Structured Reactive Controller / 2.3：
Behavior and Planning Modules / 2.3.1：
The Body of the Structured Reactive Controller / 2.3.2：
Global Fluents, Variables, and the Plan Library / 2.3.3：
The RPL Runtime System / 2.3.4：
Summary and Discussion / 2.4：
Planning / 3：
The Structured Reactive Plan / 3.1：
Plans as Syntactic Objects / 3.1.1：
RPL as a Plan Language / 3.1.2：
The Computational Structure / 3.2：
The "Criticize-Revise" Cycle / 3.2.1：
The "Criticize" Step / 3.2.2：
The "Revise" Step / 3.2.3：
The XFRM Planning Framework / 3.3：
Anticipation and Forestalling of Behavior Flaws / 3.4：
The Detection of Behavior Flaws / 3.4.1：
Behavior Flaws and Plan Revisions / 3.4.2：
The Diagnosis of Behavior Flaws / 3.4.3：
Transparent Reactive Plans / 3.5：
Declarative Statements / 4.1：
RPL Construct Descriptions / 4.1.1：
Achievement Goals / 4.1.2：
Perceptions / 4.1.3：
Beliefs / 4.1.4：
Other Declarative Statements / 4.1.5：
Using Declarative Statements / 4.1.6：
Routine Plans / 4.2：
The Plan Library / 4.3：
Behavior Modules / 4.3.1：
Low-level Plans / 4.3.2：
High-level Plans / 4.3.3：
Discussion / 4.4：
Representing Plan Revisions / 5：
Conceptualization / 5.1：
Making Inferences / 5.2：
Some Examples / 5.2.1：
Accessing Code Trees / 5.2.2：
Predicates on Plan Interpretations / 5.2.3：
Predicates on Timelines / 5.2.4：
Timelines and Plan Interpretation / 5.2.5：
Expressing Plan Revisions / 5.3：
XFRML - The Implementation / 5.4：
Forestalling Behavior Flaws / 5.5：
FAUST / 6.1：
The Behavior Critic / 6.1.1：
Detecting Behavior Flaws: Implementation / 6.1.2：
Diagnosing the Causes of Behavior Flaws: Implementation / 6.1.3：
The Bug Class "Behavior-Specification Violation" / 6.1.4：
The Elimination of Behavior Flaws / 6.1.5：
The Plan Revisions for the Example / 6.2：
Some Behavior Flaws and Their Revisions / 6.3：
Perceptual Confusion / 6.3.1：
Missed Deadlines / 6.3.2：
Planning Ongoing Activities / 6.4：
Extending RPL / 7.1：
The RUNTIME-PLAN Statement / 7.1.1：
Plan Swapping / 7.1.2：
Making Planning Assumptions / 7.1.3：
Deliberative Controllers / 7.2：
Improving Iterative Plans by Local Planning / 7.2.1：
Plan Execution a la Shakey / 7.2.2：
Execution Monitoring and Replanning / 7.2.3：
Recovering from Execution Failures / 7.2.4：
Some Robot Control Architectures / 7.2.5：
The Controller in the Experiment / 7.3：
Evaluation / 7.4：
Analysis of the Problem / 8.1：
Assessment of the Method / 8.2：
Description of the Method / 8.2.1：
Evaluation of the Method / 8.2.2：
Demonstration / 8.3：
Evaluating SRCs in Standard Situations / 8.3.1：
Comparing SRCs with the Appropriate Fixed Controller179 / 8.3.2：
Problems that Require SRCs / 8.3.3：
Related Work / 8.4：
Control Architectures for Competent Physical Agents / 8.4.1：
Control Languages for Reactive Control / 8.4.2：
Robot Planning / 8.4.3：
Conclusion / 9：
What Do Structured Reactive Controllers Do? / 9.1：
Why Do Structured Reactive Controllers Work? / 9.2：
Do Structured Reactive Controllers Work for Real Robots? / 9.3：
References
Abstract
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
12.
図書
Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
出版情報:
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, c2000 545 p. ; 27 cm
子書誌情報:
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Introduction / Chapter 1：
Importance of Heat Transfer in Industrial Combustion / 1.1：
Energy Consumption / 1.1.1：
Research Needs / 1.1.2：
Literature Discussion / 1.2：
Heat Transfer / 1.2.1：
Combustion / 1.2.2：
Heat Transfer and Combustion / 1.2.3：
Combustion System Components / 1.3：
Burners / 1.3.1：
Competing Priorities / 1.3.1.1：
Design Factors / 1.3.1.2：
General Burner Types / 1.3.1.3：
Combustors / 1.3.2：
Design Considerations / 1.3.2.1：
General Classifications / 1.3.2.2：
Heat Load / 1.3.3：
Process Tubes / 1.3.3.1：
Moving Substrate / 1.3.3.2：
Opaque Materials / 1.3.3.3：
Transparent Materials / 1.3.3.4：
Heat Recovery Devices / 1.3.4：
Recuperators / 1.3.4.1：
Regenerators / 1.3.4.2：
References
Some Fundamentals of Combustion / Chapter 2：
Combustion Chemistry / 2.1：
Fuel Properties / 2.1.1：
Oxidizer Composition / 2.1.2：
Mixture Ratio / 2.1.3：
Operating Regimes / 2.1.4：
Combustion Properties / 2.2：
Combustion Products / 2.2.1：
Air and Fuel Preheat Temperature / 2.2.1.1：
Fuel Composition / 2.2.1.4：
Flame Temperature / 2.2.2：
Oxidizer and Fuel Composition / 2.2.2.1：
Oxidizer and Fuel Preheat Temperature / 2.2.2.2：
Available Heat / 2.2.3：
Flue Gas Volume / 2.2.4：
Exhaust Product Transport Properties / 2.3：
Density / 2.3.1：
Specific Heat / 2.3.2：
Thermal Conductivity / 2.3.3：
Viscosity / 2.3.4：
Prandtl Number / 2.3.5：
Lewis Number / 2.3.6：
Heat Transfer Modes / Chapter 3：
Convection / 3.1：
Forced Convection / 3.2.1：
Forced Convection from Flames / 3.2.1.1：
Forced Convection from Outside Combustor Wall / 3.2.1.2：
Forced Convection from Hot Gases to Tubes / 3.2.1.3：
Natural Convection / 3.2.2：
Natural Convection from Flames / 3.2.2.1：
Natural Convection from Outside Combustor Wall / 3.2.2.2：
Radiation / 3.3：
Surface Radiation / 3.3.1：
Nonluminous Radiation / 3.3.2：
Theory / 3.3.2.1：
Combustion Studies / 3.3.2.2：
Luminous Radiation / 3.3.3：
Conduction / 3.3.3.1：
Steady-State Conduction / 3.4.1：
Transient Conduction / 3.4.2：
Phase Change / 3.5：
Melting / 3.5.1：
Boiling / 3.5.2：
Internal Boiling / 3.5.2.1：
External Boiling / 3.5.2.2：
Condensation / 3.5.3：
Heat Sources and Sinks / Chapter 4：
Heat Sources / 4.1：
Combustibles / 4.1.1：
Fuel Combustion / 4.1.1.1：
Volatile Combustion / 4.1.1.2：
Thermochemical Heat Release / 4.1.2：
Equilibrium TCHR / 4.1.2.1：
Catalytic TCHR / 4.1.2.2：
Mixed TCHR / 4.1.2.3：
Heat Sinks / 4.2：
Load / 4.2.1：
Tubes / 4.2.1.1：
Substrate / 4.2.1.2：
Granular Solid / 4.2.1.3：
Molten Liquid / 4.2.1.4：
Surface Conditions / 4.2.1.5：
Wall Losses / 4.2.2：
Openings / 4.2.3：
Gas Flow Through Openings / 4.2.3.1：
Material Transport / 4.2.4：
Computer Modeling / Chapter 5：
Combustion Modeling / 5.1：
Modeling Approaches / 5.2：
Fluid Dynamics / 5.2.1：
Moment Averaging / 5.2.1.1：
Vortex Methods / 5.2.1.2：
Spectral Methods / 5.2.1.3：
Direct Numerical Simulation / 5.2.1.4：
Geometry / 5.2.2：
Zero-Dimensional Modeling / 5.2.2.1：
One-Dimensional Modeling / 5.2.2.2：
Multi-dimensional Modeling / 5.2.2.3：
Reaction Chemistry / 5.2.3：
Nonreacting Flows / 5.2.3.1：
Simplified Chemistry / 5.2.3.2：
Complex Chemistry / 5.2.3.3：
Nonradiating / 5.2.4：
Participating Media / 5.2.4.2：
Time Dependence / 5.2.5：
Steady State / 5.2.5.1：
Transient / 5.2.5.2：
Simplified Models / 5.3：
Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling / 5.4：
Increasing Popularity of CFD / 5.4.1：
Potential Problems of CFD / 5.4.2：
Equations / 5.4.3：
Chemistry / 5.4.3.1：
Multiple Phases / 5.4.3.4：
Boundary and Initial Conditions / 5.4.4：
Inlets and Outlets / 5.4.4.1：
Surfaces / 5.4.4.2：
Symmetry / 5.4.4.3：
Discretization / 5.4.5：
Finite Difference Technique / 5.4.5.1：
Finite Volume Technique / 5.4.5.2：
Finite Element Technique / 5.4.5.3：
Mixed / 5.4.5.4：
None / 5.4.5.5：
Solution Methods / 5.4.6：
Model Validation / 5.4.7：
Industrial Combustion Examples / 5.4.8：
Modeling Burners / 5.4.8.1：
Modeling Combustors / 5.4.8.2：
Experimental Techniques / Chapter 6：
Heat Flux / 6.1：
Total Heat Flux / 6.2.1：
Steady-State Uncooled Solids / 6.2.1.1：
Steady-State Cooled Solids / 6.2.1.2：
Steady-State Cooled Gages / 6.2.1.3：
Transient Uncooled Targets / 6.2.1.4：
Transient Uncooled Gages / 6.2.1.5：
Radiant Heat Flux / 6.2.2：
Heat Flux Gage / 6.2.2.1：
Ellipsoidal Radiometer / 6.2.2.2：
Spectral Radiometer / 6.2.2.3：
Other Techniques / 6.2.2.4：
Convective Heat Flux / 6.2.3：
Temperature / 6.3：
Gas Temperature / 6.3.1：
Suction Pyrometer / 6.3.1.1：
Optical Techniques / 6.3.1.2：
Fine Wire Thermocouples / 6.3.1.3：
Line Reversal / 6.3.1.4：
Surface Temperature / 6.3.2：
Embedded Thermocouple / 6.3.2.1：
Infrared Detectors / 6.3.2.2：
Gas Flow / 6.4：
Gas Velocity / 6.4.1：
Pitot Tubes / 6.4.1.1：
Laser Doppler Velocimetry / 6.4.1.2：
Static Pressure Distribution / 6.4.1.3：
Stagnation Velocity Gradient / 6.4.2.1：
Stagnation Zone / 6.4.2.2：
Gas Species / 6.5：
Other Measurements / 6.6：
Physical Modeling / 6.7：
Flame Impingement / Chapter 7：
Experimental Conditions / 7.1：
Configurations / 7.2.1：
Flame Normal to a Cylinder in Crossflow / 7.2.1.1：
Flame Normal to a Hemispherically Nosed Cylinder / 7.2.1.2：
Flame Normal to a Plane Surface / 7.2.1.3：
Flame Parallel to a Plane Surface / 7.2.1.4：
Operating Conditions / 7.2.2：
Oxidizers / 7.2.2.1：
Fuels / 7.2.2.2：
Equivalence Ratios / 7.2.2.3：
Firing Rates / 7.2.2.4：
Reynolds Number / 7.2.2.5：
Nozzle Diameter / 7.2.2.6：
Location / 7.2.2.8：
Stagnation Targets / 7.2.3：
Size / 7.2.3.1：
Target Materials / 7.2.3.2：
Surface Preparation / 7.2.3.3：
Surface Temperatures / 7.2.3.4：
Measurements / 7.2.4：
Semianalytical Heat Transfer Solutions / 7.3：
Equation Parameters / 7.3.1：
Thermophysical Properties / 7.3.1.1：
Sibulkin Results / 7.3.1.2：
Fay and Riddell Results / 7.3.2.2：
Rosner Results / 7.3.2.3：
Comparisons With Experiments / 7.3.3：
Forced Convection (Negligible TCHR) / 7.3.3.1：
Forced Convection with TCHR / 7.3.3.2：
Sample Calculations / 7.3.4：
Laminar Flames Without TCHR / 7.3.4.1：
Turbulent Flames Without TCHR / 7.3.4.2：
Laminar Flames with TCHR
Summary / 7.3.5：
Empirical Heat Transfer Correlations / 7.4：
Flames Impinging Normal to a Cylinder / 7.4.1：
Local Convection Heat Transfer / 7.4.2.1：
Average Convection Heat Transfer / 7.4.2.2：
Average Convection Heat Transfer with TCHR / 7.4.2.3：
Average Radiation Heat Transfer / 7.4.2.4：
Maximum Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer / 7.4.2.5：
Flames Impining Normal to a Hemi-Nosed Cylinder / 7.4.3：
Local Convection Heat Transfer with TCHR / 7.4.3.1：
Flames Impinging Normal to a Plane Surface / 7.4.4：
Flames Parallel to a Plane Surface / 7.4.4.1：
Local Convection Heat Transfer With TCHR / 7.4.5.1：
Local Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer / 7.4.5.2：
Heat Transfer from Burners / Chapter 8：
Open-Flame Burners / 8.1：
Momentum Effects / 8.2.1：
Flame Luminosity / 8.2.2：
Firing Rate Effects / 8.2.3：
Flame Shape Effects / 8.2.4：
Radiant Burners / 8.3：
Perforated Ceramic or Wire Mesh Radiant Burners / 8.3.1：
Flame Impingement Radiant Burners / 8.3.2：
Porous Refractory Radiant Burners / 8.3.3：
Advanced Ceramic Radiant Burners / 8.3.4：
Radiant Wall Burners / 8.3.5：
Radiant Tube Burners / 8.3.6：
Effects on Heat Transfer / 8.4：
Fuel Effects / 8.4.1：
Solid Fuels / 8.4.1.1：
Liquid Fuels / 8.4.1.2：
Gaseous Fuels / 8.4.1.3：
Fuel Temperature / 8.4.1.4：
Oxidizer Effects / 8.4.2：
Oxidizer Temperature / 8.4.2.1：
Staging Effects / 8.4.3：
Fuel Staging / 8.4.3.1：
Oxidizer Staging / 8.4.3.2：
Burner Orientation / 8.4.4：
Hearth-Fired Burners / 8.4.4.1：
Wall-Fired Burners / 8.4.4.2：
Roof-Fired Burners / 8.4.4.3：
Side-Fired Burners / 8.4.4.4：
Heat Recuperation / 8.4.5：
Regenerative Burners / 8.4.5.1：
Recuperative Burners / 8.4.5.2：
Furnace or Flue Gas Recirculation / 8.4.5.3：
Pulse Combustion / 8.4.6：
In-Flame Treatment / 8.5：
Heat Transfer in Furnaces / Chapter 9：
Furnaces / 9.1：
Firing Method / 9.2.1：
Direct Firing / 9.2.1.1：
Indirect Firing / 9.2.1.2：
Heat Distribution / 9.2.1.3：
Load Processing Method / 9.2.2：
Batch Processing / 9.2.2.1：
Continuous Processing / 9.2.2.2：
Hybrid Processing / 9.2.2.3：
Heat Transfer Medium / 9.2.3：
Gaseous Medium / 9.2.3.1：
Vacuum / 9.2.3.2：
Liquid Medium / 9.2.3.3：
Solid Medium / 9.2.3.4：
Rotary Geometry / 9.2.4：
Rectangular Geometry / 9.2.4.2：
Ladle Geometry / 9.2.4.3：
Vertical Cylindrical Geometry / 9.2.4.4：
Furnace Types / 9.2.5：
Reverberatory Furnace / 9.2.5.1：
Shaft Kiln / 9.2.5.2：
Rotary Furnace / 9.2.5.3：
Heat Recovery / 9.3：
Gas Recirculation / 9.3.1：
Flue Gas Recirculation / 9.3.3.1：
Furnace Gas Recirculation / 9.3.3.2：
Lower Temperature Applications / Chapter 10：
Ovens and Dryers / 10.1：
Predryer / 10.2.1：
Dryer / 10.2.2：
Fired Heaters / 10.3：
Reformer / 10.3.1：
Process Heater / 10.3.2：
Heat Treating / 10.4：
Standard Atmosphere / 10.4.1：
Special Atmosphere / 10.4.2：
Higher Temperature Applications / Chapter 11：
Industries / 11.1：
Metals Industry / 11.2：
Ferrous Metal Production / 11.2.1：
Electric Arc Furnace / 11.2.1.1：
Smelting / 11.2.1.2：
Ladle Preheating / 11.2.1.3：
Reheating Furnace / 11.2.1.4：
Forging / 11.2.1.5：
Aluminum Metal Production / 11.2.2：
Minerals Industry / 11.3：
Glass / 11.3.1：
Types of Traditional Glass-Melting Furnaces / 11.3.1.1：
Unit Melter / 11.3.1.2：
Recuperative Melter / 11.3.1.3：
Regenerative or Siemens Furnace / 11.3.1.4：
Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion for Glass Production / 11.3.1.5：
Advanced Techniques for Glass Production / 11.3.1.6：
Cement and Lime / 11.3.2：
Bricks, Refractories, and Ceramics / 11.3.3：
Waste Incineration / 11.4：
Types of Incinerators / 11.4.1：
Municipal Waste Incinerators / 11.4.1.1：
Sludge Incinerators / 11.4.1.2：
Mobile Incinerators / 11.4.1.3：
Transportable Incinerators / 11.4.1.4：
Fixed Hazardous Waste Incinerators / 11.4.1.5：
Heat Transfer in Waste Incineration / 11.4.2：
Advanced Combustion Systems / Chapter 12：
Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion / 12.1：
Typical Use Methods / 12.2.1：
Air Enrichment / 12.2.1.1：
O[subscript 2] Lancing / 12.2.1.2：
Oxy/Fuel / 12.2.1.3：
Air-Oxy/Fuel / 12.2.1.4：
Heat Transfer Benefits / 12.2.2：
Increased Productivity / 12.2.3.1：
Higher Thermal Efficiencies / 12.2.3.2：
Higher Heat Transfer Efficiency / 12.2.3.3.：
Increased Flexibility / 12.2.3.4：
Potential Heat Transfer Problems / 12.2.4：
Refractory Damage / 12.2.4.1：
Nonuniform Heating / 12.2.4.2：
Industrial Heating Applications / 12.2.5：
Metals / 12.2.5.1：
Minerals / 12.2.5.2：
Incineration / 12.2.5.3：
Other / 12.2.5.4：
Submerged Combustion / 12.3：
Metals Production / 12.3.1：
Minerals Production / 12.3.2：
Liquid Heating / 12.3.3：
Miscellaneous / 12.4：
Surface Combustor-Heater / 12.4.1：
Direct-Fired Cylinder Dryer / 12.4.2：
Appendices
Reference Sources for Further Information / Appendix A：
Common Conversions / Appendix B：
Methods of Expressing Mixture Ratios for CH[subscript 4], C[subscript 3]H[subscript 8], and H[subscript 2] / Appendix C：
Properties for CH[subscript 4], C[subscript 3]H[subscript 8], and H[subscript 2] Flames / Appendix D：
Fluid Dynamics Equations / Appendix E：
Material Properties / Appendix F：
Author Index
Subject Index
Introduction / Chapter 1：
Importance of Heat Transfer in Industrial Combustion / 1.1：
Energy Consumption / 1.1.1：
13.
図書
Jean-Paul Pier
出版情報:
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2001 x, 428 p. ; 25 cm
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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Introduction / 1：
The scope of analysis / 1.1：
The great classics on analysis / 1.1.1：
The changing object of analysis / 1.1.2：
Main streams in a turbulent activity / 1.2：
The question of subdividing mathematical analysis / 1.2.1：
How to organize the subject / 1.2.2：
General Topology / 2：
Evolution 1900-1950 / 2.1：
Topological axiomatizations / 2.1.1：
Topological algebra / 2.1.2：
Filtrations / 2.1.3：
Dimension theory / 2.1.4：
Complementary inputs / 2.1.5：
Flashes 1950-2000 / 2.2：
An accomplished subject / 2.2.1：
Generalized topological concepts / 2.2.2：
Integration and Measure / 3：
Lebesgue integration / 3.1：
The general concept of measure / 3.1.2：
Paradoxical decomposition / 3.1.3：
Period of consolidation / 3.1.4：
Standing problems / 3.2：
Abstract formulations / 3.2.2：
Generalized Riemann integrals / 3.2.3：
Outlook / 3.2.4：
Functional analysis / 4：
New objectives / 4.1：
Theory of integral equations / 4.1.2：
Banach spaces / 4.1.3：
Hilbert spaces / 4.1.4：
von Neumann algebras / 4.1.5：
Banach algebras / 4.1.6：
Distributions / 4.1.7：
Topological vector spaces / 4.2：
Extension of Weierstra[beta]'s theorem / 4.2.2：
Frechet spaces, Schwartz spaces, Sobolev spaces / 4.2.3：
Banach space properties / 4.2.4：
Hilbert space properties / 4.2.5：
Banach algebra and C*-algebra properties / 4.2.6：
Approximation properties / 4.2.7：
Nuclearity / 4.2.8：
von Neumann algebra properties / 4.2.9：
Specific topics / 4.2.10：
Harmonic analysis / 5：
Fourier series / 5.1：
Invariant measures / 5.1.2：
Almost periodic functions / 5.1.3：
Uniqueness of invariant measures / 5.1.4：
Convolutions / 5.1.5：
An evolution linked to the history of physics / 5.1.6：
Representation theory / 5.1.7：
Structural properties of topological groups / 5.1.8：
Positive-definite functions / 5.1.9：
Harmonic synthesis / 5.1.10：
Metric locally compact Abelian groups / 5.1.11：
Fourier transforms / 5.2：
Convolution properties / 5.2.2：
Group representations / 5.2.3：
Remarkable Banach algebras of functions on a locally compact group / 5.2.4：
Specific sets / 5.2.5：
Specific groups / 5.2.6：
Harmonic analysis on semigroups / 5.2.7：
Wavelets / 5.2.8：
Generalized actions / 5.2.9：
Lie groups / 6：
Lie groups and Lie algebras / 6.1：
Symmetric Riemannian spaces / 6.1.2：
Hilbert's problem for Lie groups / 6.1.3：
Representations of Lie groups / 6.1.4：
The wide range of Lie group theory / 6.2：
Solution of Hilbert's problem on Lie groups / 6.2.2：
Ergodicity problems / 6.2.3：
Specific classes of Lie groups / 6.2.4：
Extensions of Lie group theory / 6.2.5：
Theory of functions and analytic geometry / 7：
The nineteenth century continued / 7.1：
Potential theory / 7.1.2：
Conformal mappings / 7.1.3：
Towards a theory of several complex variables / 7.1.4：
Accomplishments on previous topics / 7.2：
Hardy spaces / 7.2.2：
The dominance of the theory of several complex variables / 7.2.3：
Iteration problems / 7.2.4：
Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations / 8：
New trends for classical problems / 8.1：
Fixed point properties / 8.1.2：
From the ordinary differential case to the partial differential case / 8.1.3：
Differential equations / 8.2：
Partial differential equations / 8.2.2：
Tentacular subjects / 8.2.3：
Algebraic topology / 9：
The origins of algebraic topology / 9.1：
Simplicial theories / 9.1.2：
Homotopy theory / 9.1.3：
Fibres and fibrations / 9.1.4：
The breakthroughs due to Eilenberg, MacLane, and Leray / 9.1.5：
The power of the machinery / 9.2：
Generalizations / 9.2.2：
Differential topology / 10：
The beginning of the century / 10.1：
E. Cartan's work / 10.1.2：
Tensor products and exterior differentials / 10.1.3：
Morse theory / 10.1.4：
Whitney's work / 10.1.5：
De Rham's work / 10.1.6：
Hodge theory / 10.1.7：
The framing of the subject / 10.1.8：
The status of differentiable manifolds / 10.2：
Foliations / 10.2.2：
From Poincare's heritage / 10.2.3：
Global analysis / 10.2.5：
Probability / 11：
First results / 11.1：
Brownian motion / 11.1.2：
Ergodicity / 11.1.3：
Probabilities as measures / 11.1.4：
Stochastic integrals / 11.1.5：
Probability theory, a part of analysis / 11.2：
Dynamical systems and ergodicity / 11.2.2：
Entropy / 11.2.3：
Stochastic processes / 11.2.4：
Algebraic geometry / 12：
Algebraic geometry and number theory / 12.1：
The Mordell conjecture / 12.1.2：
Transcendence and prime numbers / 12.1.3：
The Riemann conjecture / 12.1.4：
Arithmetical properties / 12.2：
Investigations on transcendental numbers / 12.2.2：
A central object of study / 12.2.3：
Etale cohomology / 12.2.4：
The general Riemann-Roch theorems / 12.2.5：
K-theory / 12.2.6：
Further studies / 12.2.7：
References
Index of Names
Index of Terms
List of Symbols / Appendix：
Introduction / 1：
The scope of analysis / 1.1：
The great classics on analysis / 1.1.1：
14.
図書
M. Hinze ... [et al.]
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
Analytical Background and Optimality Theory / 1：
Stefan Ulbrich
Introduction and Examples / 1.1：
Introduction / 1.1.1：
Examples for Optimization Problems with PDEs / 1.1.2：
Optimization of a Stationary Heating Process / 1.1.3：
Optimization of an Unsteady Heating Processes / 1.1.4：
Optimal Design / 1.1.5：
Linear Functional Analysis and Sobolev Spaces / 1.2：
Banach and Hilbert Spaces / 1.2.1：
Sobolev Spaces / 1.2.2：
Weak Convergence / 1.2.3：
Weak Solutions of Elliptic and Parabolic PDEs / 1.3：
Weak Solutions of Elliptic PDEs / 1.3.1：
Weak Solutions of Parabolic PDEs / 1.3.2：
Gateaux- and Fréchet Differentiability / 1.4：
Basic Definitions / 1.4.1：
Implicit Function Theorem / 1.4.2：
Existence of Optimal Controls / 1.5：
Existence Result for a General Linear-Quadratic Problem / 1.5.1：
Existence Result for Nonlinear Problems / 1.5.2：
Applications / 1.5.3：
Reduced Problem, Sensitivities and Adjoints / 1.6：
Sensitivity Approach / 1.6.1：
Adjoint Approach / 1.6.2：
Application to a Linear-Quadratic Optimal Control Problem / 1.6.3：
A Lagrangian-Based View of the Adjoint Approach / 1.6.4：
Second Derivatives / 1.6.5：
Optimality Conditions / 1.7：
Optimality Conditions for Simply Constrained Problems / 1.7.1：
Optimality Conditions for Control-Constrained Problems / 1.7.2：
Optimality Conditions for Problems with General Constraints / 1.7.3：
Optimal Control of Instationary Incompressible Navier-Stokes Flow / 1.8：
Functional Analytic Setting / 1.8.1：
Analysis of the Flow Control Problem / 1.8.2：
Reduced Optimal Control Problem / 1.8.3：
Optimization Methods in Banach Spaces / 2：
Michael Ulbrich
Synopsis / 2.1：
Globally Convergent Methods in Banach Spaces / 2.2：
Unconstrained Optimization / 2.2.1：
Optimization on Closed Convex Sets / 2.2.2：
General Optimization Problems / 2.2.3：
Newton-Based Methods-A Preview / 2.3：
Unconstrained Problems-Newton's Method / 2.3.1：
Simple Constraints / 2.3.2：
General Inequality Constraints / 2.3.3：
Generalized Newton Methods / 2.4：
Motivation: Application to Optimal Control / 2.4.1：
A General Superlinear Convergence Result / 2.4.2：
The Classical Newton's Method / 2.4.3：
Generalized Differential and Semismoothness / 2.4.4：
Semismooth Newton Methods / 2.4.5：
Semismooth Newton Methods in Function Spaces / 2.5：
Semismoothness of Superposition Operators / 2.5.1：
Application to Optimal Control / 2.5.3：
Application to Elliptic Optimal Control Problems / 2.5.5：
Optimal Control of the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations / 2.5.7：
Sequential Quadratic Programming / 2.6：
Lagrange-Newton Methods for Equality Constrained Problems / 2.6.1：
The Josephy-Newton Method / 2.6.2：
SQP Methods for Inequality Constrained Problems / 2.6.3：
State-Constrained Problems / 2.7：
SQP Methods / 2.7.1：
Further Aspects / 2.7.2：
Mesh Independence / 2.8.1：
Application of Fast Solvers / 2.8.2：
Other Methods / 2.8.3：
Discrete Concepts in PDE Constrained Optimization / 3：
Michael Hinze
Control Constraints / 3.1：
Stationary Model Problem / 3.2.1：
First Discretize, Then Optimize / 3.2.2：
First Optimize, Then Discretize / 3.2.3：
Discussion and Implications / 3.2.4：
The Variational Discretization Concept / 3.2.5：
Error Estimates / 3.2.6：
Boundary Control / 3.2.7：
Some Literature Related to Control Constraints / 3.2.8：
Constraints on the State / 3.3：
Pointwise Bounds on the State / 3.3.1：
Pointwise Bounds on the Gradient of the State / 3.3.2：
Time Dependent Problem / 3.4：
Mathematical Model, State Equation / 3.4.1：
Optimization Problem / 3.4.2：
Discretization / 3.4.3：
Further Literature on Control of Time-Dependent Problems / 3.4.4：
Rene Pinnau / 4：
Optimal Semiconductor Design / 4.1：
Semiconductor Device Physics / 4.1.1：
The Optimization Problem / 4.1.2：
Numerical Results / 4.1.3：
Optimal Control of Glass Cooling / 4.2：
Modeling / 4.2.1：
Optimal Boundary Control / 4.2.2：
References / 4.2.3：
Preface
Analytical Background and Optimality Theory / 1：
Stefan Ulbrich
15.
図書
Oded Goldreich
出版情報:
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2008 xxiv, 606 p. ; 27 cm
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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List of Figures
Preface
Organization and Chapter Summaries
Acknowledgments
Introduction and Preliminaries / 1：
Introduction / 1.1：
A Brief Overview of Complexity Theory / 1.1.1：
Characteristics of Complexity Theory / 1.1.2：
Contents of This Book / 1.1.3：
Approach and Style of This Book / 1.1.4：
Standard Notations and Other Conventions / 1.1.5：
Computational Tasks and Models / 1.2：
Representation / 1.2.1：
Computational Tasks / 1.2.2：
Uniform Models (Algorithms) / 1.2.3：
Non-uniform Models (Circuits and Advice) / 1.2.4：
Complexity Classes / 1.2.5：
Chapter Notes
P, NP, and NP-Completeness / 2：
The P Versus NP Question / 2.1：
The Search Version: Finding Versus Checking / 2.1.1：
The Decision Version: Proving Versus Verifying / 2.1.2：
Equivalence of the Two Formulations / 2.1.3：
Two Technical Comments Regarding NP / 2.1.4：
The Traditional Definition of NP / 2.1.5：
In Support of P Different from NP / 2.1.6：
Philosophical Meditations / 2.1.7：
Polynomial-Time Reductions / 2.2：
The General Notion of a Reduction / 2.2.1：
Reducing Optimization Problems to Search Problems / 2.2.2：
Self-Reducibility of Search Problems / 2.2.3：
Digest and General Perspective / 2.2.4：
NP-Completeness / 2.3：
Definitions / 2.3.1：
The Existence of NP-Complete Problems / 2.3.2：
Some Natural NP-Complete Problems / 2.3.3：
NP Sets That Are Neither in P nor NP-Complete / 2.3.4：
Reflections on Complete Problems / 2.3.5：
Three Relatively Advanced Topics / 2.4：
Promise Problems / 2.4.1：
Optimal Search Algorithms for NP / 2.4.2：
The Class coNP and Its Intersection with NP / 2.4.3：
Exercises
Variations on P and NP / 3：
Non-uniform Polynomial Time (P/poly) / 3.1：
Boolean Circuits / 3.1.1：
Machines That Take Advice / 3.1.2：
The Polynomial-Time Hierarchy (PH) / 3.2：
Alternation of Quantifiers / 3.2.1：
Non-deterministic Oracle Machines / 3.2.2：
The P/poly Versus NP Question and PH / 3.2.3：
More Resources, More Power? / 4：
Non-uniform Complexity Hierarchies / 4.1：
Time Hierarchies and Gaps / 4.2：
Time Hierarchies / 4.2.1：
Time Gaps and Speedup / 4.2.2：
Space Hierarchies and Gaps / 4.3：
Space Complexity / 5：
General Preliminaries and Issues / 5.1：
Important Conventions / 5.1.1：
On the Minimal Amount of Useful Computation Space / 5.1.2：
Time Versus Space / 5.1.3：
Circuit Evaluation / 5.1.4：
Logarithmic Space / 5.2：
The Class L / 5.2.1：
Log-Space Reductions / 5.2.2：
Log-Space Uniformity and Stronger Notions / 5.2.3：
Undirected Connectivity / 5.2.4：
Non-deterministic Space Complexity / 5.3：
Two Models / 5.3.1：
NL and Directed Connectivity / 5.3.2：
A Retrospective Discussion / 5.3.3：
PSPACE and Games / 5.4：
Randomness and Counting / 6：
Probabilistic Polynomial Time / 6.1：
Basic Modeling Issues / 6.1.1：
Two-Sided Error: The Complexity Class BPP / 6.1.2：
One-Sided Error: The Complexity Classes RP and coRP / 6.1.3：
Zero-Sided Error: The Complexity Class ZPP / 6.1.4：
Randomized Log-Space / 6.1.5：
Counting / 6.2：
Exact Counting / 6.2.1：
Approximate Counting / 6.2.2：
Searching for Unique Solutions / 6.2.3：
Uniform Generation of Solutions / 6.2.4：
The Bright Side of Hardness / 7：
One-Way Functions / 7.1：
Generating Hard Instances and One-Way Functions / 7.1.1：
Amplification of Weak One-Way Functions / 7.1.2：
Hard-Core Preicates / 7.1.3：
Reflections on Hardness Amplification / 7.1.4：
Hard Problems in E / 7.2：
Amplification with Respect to Polynomial-Size Circuits / 7.2.1：
Amplification with Respect to Exponential-Size Circuits / 7.2.2：
Pseudorandom Generators / 8：
The General Paradigm / 8.1：
General-Purpose Pseudorandom Generators / 8.2：
The Basic Definition / 8.2.1：
The Archetypical Application / 8.2.2：
Computational Indistinguishability / 8.2.3：
Amplifying the Stretch Function / 8.2.4：
Constructions / 8.2.5：
Non-uniformly Strong Pseudorandom Generators / 8.2.6：
Stronger Notions and Conceptual Reflections / 8.2.7：
Derandomization of Time-Complexity Classes / 8.3：
Defining Canonical Derandomizers / 8.3.1：
Constructing Canonical Derandomizers / 8.3.2：
Technical Variations and Conceptual Reflections / 8.3.3：
Space-Bounded Distinguishers / 8.4：
Definitional Issues / 8.4.1：
Two Constructions / 8.4.2：
Special-Purpose Generators / 8.5：
Pairwise Independence Generators / 8.5.1：
Small-Bias Generators / 8.5.2：
Random Walks on Expanders / 8.5.3：
Probabilistic Proof Systems / 9：
Interactive Proof Systems / 9.1：
Motivation and Perspective / 9.1.1：
Definition / 9.1.2：
The Power of Interactive Proofs / 9.1.3：
Variants and Finer Structure: An Overview / 9.1.4：
On Computationally Bounded Provers: An Overview / 9.1.5：
Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems / 9.2：
The Power of Zero-Knowledge / 9.2.1：
Proofs of Knowledge - A Parenthetical Subsection / 9.2.3：
Probabilistically Checkable Proof Systems / 9.3：
The Power of Probabilistically Checkable Proofs / 9.3.1：
PCP and Approximation / 9.3.3：
More on PCP Itself: An Overview / 9.3.4：
Relaxing the Requirements / 10：
Approximation / 10.1：
Search or Optimization / 10.1.1：
Decision or Property Testing / 10.1.2：
Average-Case Complexity / 10.2：
The Basic Theory / 10.2.1：
Ramifications / 10.2.2：
Epilogue
Glossary of Complexity Classes / Appendix A：
Preliminaries / A.1：
Algorithm-Based Classes / A.2：
Time Complexity Classes / A.2.1：
Space Complexity Classes / A.2.2：
Circuit-Based Classes / A.3：
On the Quest for Lower Bounds / Appendix B：
Boolean Circuit Complexity / B.1：
Basic Results and Questions / B.2.1：
Monotone Circuits / B.2.2：
Bounded-Depth Circuits / B.2.3：
Formula Size / B.2.4：
Arithmetic Circuits / B.3：
Univariate Polynomials / B.3.1：
Multivariate Polynomials / B.3.2：
Proof Complexity / B.4：
Logical Proof Systems / B.4.1：
Algebraic Proof Systems / B.4.2：
Geometric Proof Systems / B.4.3：
On the Foundations of Modern Cryptography / Appendix C：
The Underlying Principles / C.1：
The Computational Model / C.1.2：
Organization and Beyond / C.1.3：
Computational Difficulty / C.2：
Hard-Core Predicates / C.2.1：
Pseudorandomness / C.3：
Pseudorandom Functions / C.3.1：
Zero-Knowledge / C.4：
The Simulation Paradigm / C.4.1：
The Actual Definition / C.4.2：
A General Result and a Generic Application / C.4.3：
Definitional Variations and Related Notions / C.4.4：
Encryption Schemes / C.5：
Beyond Eavesdropping Security / C.5.1：
Signatures and Message Authentication / C.6：
General Cryptographic Protocols / C.6.1：
The Definitional Approach and Some Models / C.7.1：
Some Known Results / C.7.2：
Construction Paradigms and Two Simple Protocols / C.7.3：
Concluding Remarks / C.7.4：
Probabilistic Preliminaries and Advanced Topics in Randomization / Appendix D：
Probabilistic Preliminaries / D.1：
Notational Conventions / D.1.1：
Three Inequalities / D.1.2：
Hashing / D.2：
The Leftover Hash Lemma / D.2.1：
Sampling / D.3：
Formal Setting / D.3.1：
Known Results / D.3.2：
Hitters / D.3.3：
Randomnes Extractors / D.4：
Definitions and Various Perspectives / D.4.1：
Explicit Constructions / D.4.2：
Error-Correcting Codes / E.1：
Basic Notions / E.1.1：
A Few Popular Codes / E.1.2：
Two Additional Computational Problems / E.1.3：
A List-Decoding Bound / E.1.4：
Expander Graphs / E.2：
Definitions and Properties / E.2.1：
Some Omitted Proofs / E.2.2：
Proving That PH Reduces to #P / F.1：
Proving That IP(f) [characters not reproducible] AM(O(f)) [characters not reproducible] AM(f) / F.2：
Emulating General Interactive Proofs by AM-Games / F.2.1：
Linear Speedup for AM / F.2.2：
Some Computational Problems / Appendix G：
Graphs / G.1：
Boolean Formulae / G.2：
Finite Fields, Polynomials, and Vector Spaces / G.3：
The Determinant and the Permanent / G.4：
Primes and Composite Numbers / G.5：
Bibliography
Index
List of Figures
Preface
Organization and Chapter Summaries
16.
図書
A.A. Martynyuk
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
Preliminaries / 1：
Introduction / 1.1：
Nonlinear Continuous Systems / 1.2：
General equations of nonlinear dynamics / 1.2.1：
Perturbed motion equations / 1.2.2：
Definitions of Stability / 1.3：
Scalar, Vector and Matrix-Valued Liapunov Functions / 1.4：
Auxiliary scalar functions / 1.4.1：
Comparison functions / 1.4.2：
Vector Liapunov functions / 1.4.3：
Matrix-valued metafunction / 1.4.4：
Comparison Principle / 1.5：
Liapunov-Like Theorems / 1.6：
Matrix-valued function and its properties / 1.6.1：
A version of the original theorems of Liapunov / 1.6.2：
Advantages of Cone-Valued Liapunov Functions / 1.7：
Stability with respect to two measures / 1.7.1：
Stability analysis of large scale systems / 1.7.2：
Liapunov's Theorems for Large Scale Systems in General / 1.8：
Why are matrix-valued Liapunov functions needed? / 1.8.1：
Stability and instability of large scale systems / 1.8.2：
Notes / 1.9：
Qualitative Analysis of Continuous Systems / 2：
Nonlinear Systems with Mixed Hierarchy of Subsystems / 2.1：
Mixed hierarchical structures / 2.2.1：
Hierarchical matrix function structure / 2.2.2：
Structure of hierarchical matrix function derivative / 2.2.3：
Stability and instability conditions / 2.2.4：
Linear autonomous system / 2.2.5：
Examples of third order systems / 2.2.6：
Dynamics of the Systems with Regular Hierarchy Subsystems / 2.3：
Ikeda-Siljak hierarchical decomposition / 2.3.1：
Hierarchical Liapunov's matrix-valued functions / 2.3.2：
Linear nonautonomous systems / 2.3.3：
Stability Analysis of Large Scale Systems / 2.4：
A class of large scale systems / 2.4.1：
Construction of nondiagonal elements of matrix-valued function / 2.4.2：
Test for stability analysis / 2.4.3：
Linear large scale system / 2.4.4：
Discussion and numerical example / 2.4.5：
Overlapping Decomposition and Matrix-Valued Function Construction / 2.5：
Dynamical system extension / 2.5.1：
Liapunov matrix-valued function construction / 2.5.2：
Test for stability of system (2.5.1) / 2.5.3：
Numerical example / 2.5.4：
Exponential Polystability Analysis of Separable Motions / 2.6：
Statement of the Problem / 2.6.1：
A method for the solution of the problem / 2.6.2：
Autonomous system / 2.6.3：
Polystability by the first order approximations / 2.6.4：
Integral and Lipschitz Stability / 2.7：
Definitions / 2.7.1：
Sufficient conditions for integral and asymptotic integral stability / 2.7.2：
Uniform Lipschitz stability / 2.7.3：
Qualitative Analysis of Discrete-Time Systems / 2.8：
Systems Described by Difference Equations / 3.1：
Matrix-Valued Liapunov Functions Method / 3.3：
Auxiliary results / 3.3.1：
Comparison principle application / 3.3.2：
General theorems on stability / 3.3.3：
Large Scale System Decomposition / 3.4：
Stability and Instability of Large Scale Systems / 3.5：
Auxiliary estimates / 3.5.1：
Autonomous Large Scale Systems / 3.5.2：
Hierarchical Analysis of Stability / 3.7：
Hierarchical decomposition and stability conditions / 3.7.1：
Novel tests for connective stability / 3.7.2：
Controlled Systems / 3.8：
Nonlinear Dynamics of Impulsive Systems / 3.9：
Large Scale Impulsive Systems in General / 4.1：
Notations and definitions / 4.2.1：
Sufficient stability conditions / 4.2.2：
Instability conditions / 4.2.4：
Hierarchical Impulsive Systems / 4.3：
Analytical Construction of Liapunov Function / 4.4：
Structure of hierarchical matrix-valued Liapunov function / 4.4.1：
Structure of the total derivative of hierarchical matrix-valued function / 4.4.2：
Uniqueness and Continuability of Solutions / 4.5：
On Boundedness of the Solutions / 4.6：
Novel Methodology for Stability / 4.7：
Stability conditions / 4.7.1：
Applications / 4.8：
Estimations of Asymptotic Stability Domains in General / 5.1：
A fundamental Zubov's result / 5.2.1：
Some estimates for quadratic matrix-valued functions / 5.2.2：
Algorithm of constructing a point network covering boundary of domain E / 5.2.3：
Numerical realization and discussion of the algorithm / 5.2.4：
Illustrative examples / 5.2.5：
Construction of Estimate for the Domain E of Power System / 5.3：
Oscillations and Stability of Some Mechanical Systems / 5.4：
Three-mass systems / 5.4.1：
Nonautonomous oscillator / 5.4.2：
Absolute Stability of Discrete Systems / 5.5：
References / 5.6：
Subject Index
Preface
Preliminaries / 1：
Introduction / 1.1：
17.
図書
Noboru Ono
目次情報:
続きを見る
Series Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction / 1.：
Preparation of Nitro Compounds / 2.：
Nitration of Hydrocarbons / 2.1：
Aromatic Compounds / 2.1.1：
Alkanes / 2.1.2：
Activated C-H Compounds / 2.1.3：
Alkenes / 2.1.4：
Synthesis of [alpha]-Nitro Ketones / 2.1.5：
Nitration of Alkyl Halides / 2.1.6：
Synthesis of Nitro Compounds by Oxidation / 2.2：
Oxidation of Amines / 2.2.1：
Oxidation of Oximes / 2.2.2：
The Nitro-Aldol (Henry) Reaction / 3.：
Preparation of [beta]-Nitro Alcohols / 3.1：
Derivatives from [beta]-Nitro Alcohols / 3.2：
Nitroalkenes / 3.2.1：
Nitroalkanes / 3.2.2：
[alpha]-Nitro Ketones / 3.2.3：
[beta]-Amino Alcohols / 3.2.4：
Nitro Sugars and Amino Sugars / 3.2.5：
Stereoselective Henry Reactions and Applications to Organic Synthesis / 3.3：
Michael Addition / 4.：
Addition to Nitroalkenes / 4.1：
Conjugate Addition of Heteroatom-Centered Nucleophiles / 4.1.1：
Conjugate Addition of Heteroatom Nucleophiles and Subsequent Nef Reaction / 4.1.2：
Conjugate Addition of Carbon-Centered Nucleophiles / 4.1.3：
Addition and Elimination Reaction of [beta]-Heterosubstituted Nitroalkenes / 4.2：
Michael Addition of Nitroalkanes / 4.3：
Intermolecular Addition / 4.3.1：
Intramolecular Addition / 4.3.2：
Asymmetric Michael Addition / 4.4：
Chiral Alkenes and Chiral Nitro Compounds / 4.4.1：
Chiral Catalysts / 4.4.2：
Alkylation, Acylation, and Halogenation of Nitro Compounds / 5.：
Alkylation of Nitro Compounds / 5.1：
Acylation of Nitroalkanes / 5.2：
Ring Cleavage of Cyclic [alpha]-Nitro Ketones (Retro-Acylation) / 5.3：
Alkylation of Nitro Compounds via Alkyl Radicals / 5.4：
Alkylation of Nitro Compounds Using Transition Metal Catalysis / 5.5：
Butadiene Telomerization / 5.5.1：
Pd-Catalyzed Allylic C-Alkylation of Nitro Compounds / 5.5.2：
Arylation of Nitro Compounds / 5.6：
Introduction of Heteroatoms to Nitroalkanes / 5.7：
Conversion of Nitro Compounds into Other Compounds / 6.：
Nef Reaction (Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids) / 6.1：
Treatment With Acid (Classical Procedure) / 6.1.1：
Oxidative Method / 6.1.2：
Reductive Method / 6.1.3：
Direct Conversion of Nitroalkenes to Carbonyl Compounds / 6.1.4：
Nitrile Oxides and Nitriles / 6.2：
Reduction of Nitro Compounds into Amines / 6.3：
Ar-NH[subscript 2] From Ar-NO[subscript 2] / 6.3.1：
R-NH[subscript 2] From R-NO[subscript 2] / 6.3.2：
Oximes, Hydroxylamines, and Other Nitrogen Derivatives / 6.3.3：
Substitution and Elimination of NO[subscript 2] in R-NO[subscript 2] / 7.：
R-Nu from R-NO[subscript 2] / 7.1：
Radical Reactions (S[subscript RN]1) / 7.1.1：
Ionic Process / 7.1.2：
Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction / 7.1.3：
Allylic Rearrangement / 7.1.4：
R-H from R-NO[subscript 2] / 7.2：
Radical Denitration / 7.2.1：
Ionic Denitration / 7.2.2：
Alkenes from R-NO[subscript 2] / 7.3：
Radical Elimination / 7.3.1：
Ionic Elimination of Nitro Compounds / 7.3.2：
Cycloaddition Chemistry of Nitro Compounds / 8.：
Diels-Alder Reactions / 8.1：
Nitroalkenes Using Dienophiles / 8.1.1：
Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction / 8.1.2：
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition / 8.2：
Nitrones / 8.2.1：
Nitrile Oxides / 8.2.2：
Nitronates / 8.2.3：
Nitroalkenes as Heterodienes in Tandem [4+2]/[3+2] Cycloaddition / 8.3：
Nitroalkenes as Heterodienes / 8.3.1：
Tandem [4+2]/[3+2] Cycloaddition of Nitroalkenes / 8.3.2：
Nucleophilic Aromatic Displacement / 9.：
S[subscript N]Ar / 9.1：
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen (NASH) / 9.2：
Carbon Nucleophiles / 9.2.1：
Nitrogen and Other Heteroatom Nucleophiles / 9.2.2：
Applications to Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds / 9.2.3：
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds / 10.：
Pyrroles / 10.1：
Synthesis of Indoles / 10.2：
Synthesis of Other Nitrogen Heterocycles / 10.3：
Three-Membered Ring / 10.3.1：
Five- and Six-Membered Saturated Rings / 10.3.2：
Miscellaneous / 10.3.3：
Index
Series Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
18.
図書
F. Grossmann
目次情報:
続きを見る
Prerequisites / Part I：
A Short Introduction to Laser Physics / 1：
The Einstein Coefficients / 1.1：
Fundamentals of the Laser / 1.2：
Elementary Laser Theory / 1.2.1：
Realization of the Laser Principle / 1.2.2：
Pulsed Lasers / 1.3：
Frequency Comb / 1.3.1：
Carrier Envelope Phase / 1.3.2：
Husimi Representation of Laser Pulses / 1.3.3：
Some Gaussian Integrals / 1.A：
References
Time-Dependent Quantum Theory / 2：
The Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation / 2.1：
Introduction / 2.1.1：
Time-Evolution Operator / 2.1.2：
Spectral Information / 2.1.3：
Analytical Solutions for Wavepackets / 2.1.4：
Analytical Approaches / 2.2：
Feynman's Path Integral / 2.2.1：
Semiclassical Approximation / 2.2.2：
Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory / 2.2.3：
Magnus Expansion / 2.2.4：
Time-Dependent Hartree Method / 2.2.5：
Quantum-Classical Methods / 2.2.6：
Floquet Theory / 2.2.7：
Numerical Methods / 2.3：
Orthogonal Basis Expansion / 2.3.1：
Split-Operator FFT Method / 2.3.2：
Alternative Methods of Time-Evolution / 2.3.3：
Semiclassical Initial Value Representations / 2.3.4：
The Royal Road to the Path Integral / 2.A：
Variational Calculus / 2.B：
Stability Matrix / 2.C：
From the HK- to the VVG-Propagator / 2.D：
Applications / Part II：
Field Matter Coupling and Two-Level Systems / 3：
Light Matter Interaction / 3.1：
Minimal Coupling / 3.1.1：
Length Gauge / 3.1.2：
Kramers-Henneberger Transformation / 3.1.3：
Volkov Wavepacket / 3.1.4：
Analytically Solvable Two-Level Problems / 3.2：
Dipole Matrix Element / 3.2.1：
Rabi Oscillations Induced by a Constant Perturbation / 3.2.2：
Time-Dependent Perturbations / 3.2.3：
Exactly Solvable Time-Dependent Cases / 3.2.4：
Generalized Parity Transformation / 3.A：
Two-Level System in an Incoherent Field / 3.B：
Single Electron Atoms in Strong Laser Fields / 4：
The Hydrogen Atom / 4.1：
Hydrogen in Three Dimensions / 4.1.1：
The One-Dimensional Coulomb Problem / 4.1.2：
Field Induced Ionization / 4.2：
Tunnel Ionization / 4.2.1：
Multiphoton Ionization / 4.2.2：
ATI in the Coulomb Potential / 4.2.3：
Stabilization in Very Strong Fields / 4.2.4：
Atoms Driven by HCP / 4.2.5：
High Harmonic Generation / 4.3：
Three-Step Model / 4.3.1：
Odd Harmonics Rule / 4.3.2：
Semiclassical Explanation of the Plateau / 4.3.3：
Cutoff and Odd Harmonics Revisited / 4.3.4：
More on Atomic Units / 4.A：
Molecules in Strong Laser Fields / 5：
The Molecular Ion H[superscript + subscript 2] / 5.1：
Electronic Potential Energy Surfaces / 5.1.1：
The Morse Potential / 5.1.2：
H[superscript + subscript 2] in a Laser Field / 5.2：
Frozen Nuclei / 5.2.1：
Nuclei in Motion / 5.2.2：
Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Nuclear Dynamics / 5.3：
Born-Oppenheimer Approximation / 5.3.1：
Dissociation in a Morse Potential / 5.3.2：
Coupled Potential Surfaces / 5.3.3：
Femtosecond Spectroscopy / 5.3.4：
Control of Molecular Dynamics / 5.4：
Control of Tunneling / 5.4.1：
Control of Population Transfer / 5.4.2：
Optimal Control Theory / 5.4.3：
Genetic Algorithms / 5.4.4：
Toward Quantum Computing with Molecules / 5.4.5：
Relative and Center of Mass Coordinates for H[superscript + subscript 2] / 5.A：
Perturbation Theory for Two Coupled Surfaces / 5.B：
Reflection Principle of Photodissociation / 5.C：
The Undriven Double Well Problem / 5.D：
The Quantum Mechanical Adiabatic Theorem / 5.E：
Index
Prerequisites / Part I：
A Short Introduction to Laser Physics / 1：
The Einstein Coefficients / 1.1：
19.
図書
Nam-Trung Nguyen, Steven T. Wereley
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction / Chapter 1：
Microfluidics--The Emerging Technology / 1.1：
What Is Microfluidics? / 1.1.1：
Commercial Aspects / 1.1.2：
Scientific Aspects / 1.1.3：
Milestones of Microfluidics / 1.2：
Device Development / 1.2.1：
Technology Development / 1.2.2：
Organization of the Book / 1.3：
References
Fluid Mechanics Theory / Chapter 2：
Intermolecular Forces / 2.1：
The Three States of Matter / 2.1.2：
Continuum Assumption / 2.1.3：
Continuum Fluid Mechanics at Small Scales / 2.2：
Gas Flows / 2.2.1：
Liquid Flows / 2.2.2：
Boundary Conditions / 2.2.3：
Parallel Flows / 2.2.4：
Low Reynolds Number Flows / 2.2.5：
Entrance Effects / 2.2.6：
Surface Tension / 2.2.7：
Molecular Approaches / 2.3：
MD / 2.3.1：
DSMC Technique / 2.3.2：
Electrokinetics / 2.4：
Electro-Osmosis / 2.4.1：
Electrophoresis / 2.4.2：
Dielectrophoresis / 2.4.3：
Conclusion / 2.5：
Problems
Fabrication Techniques for Microfluidics / Chapter 3：
Basic Microtechniques / 3.1：
Photolithography / 3.1.1：
Additive Techniques / 3.1.2：
Subtractive Techniques / 3.1.3：
Pattern Transfer Techniques / 3.1.4：
Silicon-Based Micromachining Techniques / 3.2：
Silicon Bulk Micromachining / 3.2.1：
Silicon Surface Micromachining / 3.2.2：
Polymer-Based Micromachining Techniques / 3.3：
Thick Resist Lithography / 3.3.1：
Polymeric Surface Micromachining / 3.3.2：
Soft Lithography / 3.3.3：
Microstereo Lithography / 3.3.4：
Micromolding / 3.3.5：
Other Micromachining Techniques / 3.4：
Assembly and Packaging of Microfluidic Devices / 3.4.1：
Wafer Level Assembly and Packaging / 3.5.1：
Device Level Packaging / 3.5.2：
Biocompatibility / 3.6：
Material Response / 3.6.1：
Tissue and Cellular Response / 3.6.2：
Biocompatibility Tests / 3.6.3：
Experimental Flow Characterization / Chapter 4：
Pointwise Methods / 4.1：
Full-Field Methods / 4.1.2：
Overview of Micro-PIV / 4.2：
Fundamental Physics Considerations of Micro-PIV / 4.2.1：
Special Processing Methods for Micro-PIV Recordings / 4.2.2：
Advanced Processing Methods Suitable for Both Micro/Macro-PIV Recordings / 4.2.3：
Micro-PIV Examples / 4.3：
Flow in a Microchannel / 4.3.1：
Flow in a Micronozzle / 4.3.2：
Flow Around a Blood Cell / 4.3.3：
Flow in Microfluidic Biochip / 4.3.4：
Conclusions / 4.3.5：
Extensions of the Micro-PIV technique / 4.4：
Microfluidic Nanoscope / 4.4.1：
Microparticle Image Thermometry / 4.4.2：
Infrared Micro-PIV / 4.4.3：
Particle Tracking Velocimetry / 4.4.4：
Microfluidics for External Flow Control / Chapter 5：
Velocity and Turbulence Measurement / 5.1：
Velocity Sensors / 5.1.1：
Shear Stress Sensors / 5.1.2：
Turbulence Control / 5.2：
Microflaps / 5.2.1：
Microballoon / 5.2.2：
Microsynthetic Jet / 5.2.3：
Microair Vehicles / 5.3：
Fixed-Wing MAV / 5.3.1：
Flapping-Wing MAV / 5.3.2：
Microrotorcraft / 5.3.3：
Microrockets / 5.3.4：
Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Microvalves / Chapter 6：
Design Considerations / 6.1：
Actuators / 6.1.1：
Valve Spring / 6.1.2：
Valve Seat / 6.1.3：
Pressure Compensation Design / 6.1.4：
Pneumatic Valves / 6.2：
Pneumatic Actuators / 6.2.1：
Design Examples / 6.2.2：
Thermopneumatic Valves / 6.3：
Thermopneumatic Actuators / 6.3.1：
Thermomechanical Valves / 6.3.2：
Solid-Expansion Valves / 6.4.1：
Bimetallic Valves / 6.4.2：
Shape-Memory Alloy Valves / 6.4.3：
Piezoelectric Valves / 6.5：
Piezoelectric Actuators / 6.5.1：
Electrostatic Valves / 6.5.2：
Electrostatic Actuators / 6.6.1：
Electromagnetic Valves / 6.6.2：
Electromagnetic Actuators / 6.7.1：
Electrochemical Valves / 6.7.2：
Capillary-Force Valves / 6.9：
Capillary-Force Actuators / 6.9.1：
Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Micropumps / 6.9.2：
Mechanical Pumps / 7.1：
Check-Valve Pumps / 7.1.1：
Peristaltic Pumps / 7.1.3：
Valveless Rectification Pumps / 7.1.4：
Rotary Pumps / 7.1.5：
Centrifugal Pumps / 7.1.6：
Ultrasonic Pumps / 7.1.7：
Nonmechanical Pumps / 7.2：
Electrical Pumps / 7.2.1：
Surface Tension Driven Pumps / 7.2.2：
Chemical Pumps / 7.2.3：
Magnetic Pumps / 7.2.4：
Scaling Law for Micropumps / 7.3：
Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Microflow Sensors / Chapter 8：
Nonthermal Flow Sensors / 8.1：
Differential Pressure Flow Sensors / 8.1.1：
Drag Force Flow Sensors / 8.1.2：
Lift Force Flow Sensors / 8.1.3：
Coriolis Flow Sensors / 8.1.4：
Electrohydrodynamic Flow Sensors / 8.1.5：
Thermal Flow Sensors / 8.2：
Thermoresistive Flow Sensors / 8.2.1：
Thermocapacitive Flow Sensors / 8.2.3：
Thermoelectric Flow Sensors / 8.2.4：
Thermoelectronic Flow Sensors / 8.2.5：
Pyroelectric Flow Sensors / 8.2.6：
Frequency Analog Sensors / 8.2.7：
Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry / Chapter 9：
Microfilters / 9.1：
Microneedles / 9.1.1：
Micromixers / 9.2.1：
Microreactors / 9.3.1：
Microdispensers / 9.4.1：
Microseparators / 9.5.1：
Gas Chromatography / 9.6.1：
Liquid Chromatography / 9.6.3：
List of Symbols / 9.6.4：
Resources for Microfluidics Research / Appendix B：
Abbreviations of Different Plastics / Appendix C：
Linear Elastic Deflection Models / Appendix D：
About the Authors
Index
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction / Chapter 1：
20.
図書
Robert B. Grossman
出版情報:
New York : Springer, c2003 xvi, 355 p. ; 25 cm
子書誌情報:
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Preface to the Student
Preface to the Instructor
The Basics / 1：
Structure and Stability of Organic Compounds / 1.1：
Conventions of Drawing Structures; Grossman's Rule / 1.1.1：
Lewis Structures; Resonance Structures / 1.1.2：
Molecular Shape; Hybridization / 1.1.3：
Aromaticity / 1.1.4：
Bronsted Acidity and Basicity / 1.2：
pK[subscript a] Values / 1.2.1：
Tautomerism / 1.2.2：
Kinetics and Thermodynamics / 1.3：
Getting Started in Drawing a Mechanism / 1.4：
Classes of Overall Transformations / 1.5：
Classes of Mechanisms / 1.6：
Polar Mechanisms / 1.6.1：
Free-Radical Mechanisms / 1.6.2：
Pericyclic Mechanisms / 1.6.3：
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed and -Mediated Mechanisms / 1.6.4：
Summary / 1.7：
Problems
Polar Reactions under Basic Conditions / 2：
Substitution and Elimination at C(sp[superscript 3])-X [sigma] Bonds, Part I / 2.1：
Substitution by the S[subscript N]2 Mechanism / 2.1.1：
[beta]-Elimination by the E2 and Elcb Mechanisms / 2.1.2：
Predicting Substitution vs. Elimination / 2.1.3：
Addition of Nucleophiles to Electrophilic [pi] Bonds / 2.2：
Addition to Carbonyl Compounds / 2.2.1：
Conjugate Addition; The Michael Reaction / 2.2.2：
Substitution at C(sp[superscript 2])-X [sigma] Bonds / 2.3：
Substitution at Carbonyl C / 2.3.1：
Substitution at Alkenyl and Aryl C / 2.3.2：
Metal Insertion; Halogen-Metal Exchange / 2.3.3：
Substitution and Elimination at C(sp[superscript 3])-X [sigma] Bonds, Part II / 2.4：
Substitution by the S[subscript RN]1 Mechanism / 2.4.1：
Substitution by the Elimination-Addition Mechanism / 2.4.2：
Substitution by the One-Electron Transfer Mechanism / 2.4.3：
[alpha]-Elimination; Generation and Reactions of Carbenes / 2.4.4：
Base-Promoted Rearrangements / 2.5：
Migration from C to C / 2.5.1：
Migration from C to O or N / 2.5.2：
Migration from B to C or O / 2.5.3：
Two Multistep Reactions / 2.6：
The Swern Oxidation / 2.6.1：
The Mitsunobu Reaction / 2.6.2：
Polar Reactions Under Acidic Conditions / 2.7：
Carbocations / 3.1：
Carbocation Stability / 3.1.1：
Carbocation Generation; The Role of Protonation / 3.1.2：
Typical Reactions of Carbocations; Rearrangements / 3.1.3：
Substitution and [beta]-Elimination Reactions at C(sp[superscript 3])-X / 3.2：
Substitution by the S[subscript N]1 and S[subscript N]2 Mechanisms / 3.2.1：
[beta]-Elimination by the E1 Mechanism / 3.2.2：
Electrophilic Addition to Nucleophilic C=C [pi] Bonds / 3.2.3：
Substitution at Nucleophilic C=C [pi] Bonds / 3.4：
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution / 3.4.1：
Aromatic Substitution of Anilines via Diazonium Salts / 3.4.2：
Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution / 3.4.3：
Nucleophilic Addition to and Substitution at Electrophilic [pi] Bonds / 3.5：
Heteroatom Nucleophiles / 3.5.1：
Carbon Nucleophiles / 3.5.2：
Pericyclic Reactions / 3.6：
Introduction / 4.1：
Classes of Pericyclic Reactions / 4.1.1：
Polyene MOs / 4.1.2：
Electrocyclic Reactions / 4.2：
Typical Reactions / 4.2.1：
Stereospecificity / 4.2.2：
Stereoselectivity / 4.2.3：
Cycloadditions / 4.3：
Regioselectivity / 4.3.1：
Sigmatropic Rearrangements / 4.3.3：
Ene Reactions / 4.4.1：
Free-Radical Reactions / 4.6：
Free Radicals / 5.1：
Stability / 5.1.1：
Generation from Closed-Shell Species / 5.1.2：
Chain vs. Nonchain Mechanisms / 5.1.3：
Chain Free-Radical Reactions / 5.2：
Substitution Reactions / 5.2.1：
Addition and Fragmentation Reactions / 5.2.2：
Nonchain Free-Radical Reactions / 5.3：
Photochemical Reactions / 5.3.1：
Reductions and Oxidations with Metals / 5.3.2：
Cycloaromatizations / 5.3.3：
Miscellaneous Radical Reactions / 5.4：
1,2-Anionic Rearrangements; Lone-Pair Inversion / 5.4.1：
Triplet Carbenes and Nitrenes / 5.4.2：
Transition-Metal-Mediated and -Catalyzed Reactions / 5.5：
Introduction to the Chemistry of Transition Metals / 6.1：
Conventions of Drawing Structures / 6.1.1：
Counting Electrons / 6.1.2：
Stoichiometric vs. Catalytic Mechanisms / 6.1.3：
Addition Reactions / 6.2：
Late-Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenation and Hydrometallation (Pd, Pt, Rh) / 6.2.1：
Hydroformylation (Co, Rh) / 6.2.2：
Hydrozirconation (Zr) / 6.2.3：
Alkene Polymerization (Ti, Zr, Sc, and others) / 6.2.4：
Cyclopropanation, Epoxidation, and Aziridination of Alkenes (Cu, Rh, Mn, Ti) / 6.2.5：
Dihydroxylation and Aminohydroxylation of Alkenes (Os) / 6.2.6：
Nucleophilic Addition to Alkenes and Alkynes (Hg, Pd) / 6.2.7：
Conjugate Addition Reactions (Cu) / 6.2.8：
Reductive Coupling Reactions (Ti, Zr) / 6.2.9：
Pauson-Khand Reaction (Co) / 6.2.10：
Dotz Reaction (Cr) / 6.2.11：
Metal-Catalyzed Cycloaddition and Cyclotrimerization (Co, Ni, Rh) / 6.2.12：
Hydrogenolysis (Pd) / 6.3：
Carbonylation of Alkyl Halides (Pd, Rh) / 6.3.2：
Heck Reaction (Pd) / 6.3.3：
Coupling Reactions Between Nucleophiles and C(sp[superscript 2])-X: Kumada, Stille, Suzuki, Negishi, Buchwald-Hartwig, Sonogashira, and Ullmann Reactions (Ni, Pd, Cu) / 6.3.4：
Allylic Substitution (Pd) / 6.3.5：
Pd-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkenes; Wacker Oxidation / 6.3.6：
Tebbe Reaction (Ti) / 6.3.7：
Propargyl Substitution in Co-Alkyne Complexes / 6.3.8：
Rearrangement Reactions / 6.4：
Alkene Isomerization (Rh) / 6.4.1：
Olefin and Alkyne Metathesis (Ru, W, Mo, Ti) / 6.4.2：
Elimination Reactions / 6.5：
Oxidation of Alcohols (Cr, Ru) / 6.5.1：
Decarbonylation of Aldehydes (Rh) / 6.5.2：
Mixed-Mechanism Problems / 6.6：
A Final Word
Index
Preface to the Student
Preface to the Instructor
The Basics / 1：
21.
図書
issued by International Institute of Refrigeration ; [editor, Kostadin Fikiin] = edité par Institut International du Froid
22.
図書
Iwao Teraoka
出版情報:
New York : Wiley, c2002 xv, 338 p ; 25 cm
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Preface
Models of Polymer Chains / 1：
Introduction / 1.1：
Chain Architecture / 1.1.1：
Models of a Linear Polymer Chain / 1.1.2：
Real Chains and Ideal Chains / 1.1.3：
Ideal Chains / 1.2：
Random Walk in One Dimension / 1.2.1：
Random Walks in Two and Three Dimensions / 1.2.2：
Dimensions of Random-Walk Chains / 1.2.3：
Problems / 1.2.4：
Gaussian Chain / 1.3：
What is a Gaussian Chain? / 1.3.1：
Dimension of a Gaussian Chain / 1.3.2：
Entropy Elasticity / 1.3.3：
Real Chains / 1.3.4：
Excluded Volume / 1.4.1：
Dimension of a Real Chain / 1.4.2：
Self-Avoiding Walk / 1.4.3：
Semirigid Chains / 1.4.4：
Examples of Semirigid Chains / 1.5.1：
Wormlike Chain / 1.5.2：
Branched Chains / 1.5.3：
Architecture of Branched Chains / 1.6.1：
Dimension of Branched Chains / 1.6.2：
Molecular Weight Distribution / 1.6.3：
Average Molecular Weights / 1.7.1：
Typical Distributions / 1.7.2：
Concentration Regimes / 1.7.3：
Concentration Regimes for Linear Flexible Polymers / 1.8.1：
Concentration Regimes for Rodlike Molecules / 1.8.2：
Thermodynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions / 1.8.3：
Polymer Solutions and Thermodynamics / 2.1：
Flory-Huggins Mean-Field Theory / 2.2：
Model / 2.2.1：
Free Energy, Chemical Potentials, and Osmotic Pressure / 2.2.2：
Dilute Solutions / 2.2.3：
Coexistence Curve and Stability / 2.2.4：
Polydisperse Polymer / 2.2.5：
Phase Diagram and Theta Solutions / 2.2.6：
Phase Diagram / 2.3.1：
Theta Solutions / 2.3.2：
Coil-Globule Transition / 2.3.3：
Solubility Parameter / 2.3.4：
Static Light Scattering / 2.3.5：
Sample Geometry in Light-Scattering Measurements / 2.4.1：
Scattering by a Small Particle / 2.4.2：
Scattering by a Polymer Chain / 2.4.3：
Scattering by Many Polymer Chains / 2.4.4：
Correlation Function and Structure Factor / 2.4.5：
Structure Factor of a Polymer Chain / 2.4.6：
Light Scattering of a Polymer Solution / 2.4.7：
Other Scattering Techniques / 2.4.8：
Size Exclusion Chromatography and Confinement / 2.4.9：
Separation System / 2.5.1：
Plate Theory / 2.5.2：
Partitioning of Polymer with a Pore / 2.5.3：
Calibration of SEC / 2.5.4：
SEC With an On-Line Light-Scattering Detector / 2.5.5：
Appendixes / 2.5.6：
Review of Thermodynamics for Colligative Properties in Nonideal Solutions / 2.A：
Osmotic Pressure / 2.A.1：
Vapor Pressure Osmometry / 2.A.2：
Another Approach to Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions / 2.B：
Correlation Function of a Gaussian Chain / 2.C：
Dynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions / 3：
Dynamics of Polymer Solutions / 3.1：
Dynamic Light Scattering and Diffusion of Polymers / 3.2：
Measurement System and Autocorrelation Function / 3.2.1：
Autocorrelation Function / 3.2.2：
Dynamic Structure Factor of Suspended Particles / 3.2.3：
Diffusion of Particles / 3.2.4：
Diffusion and DLS / 3.2.5：
Dynamic Structure Factor of a Polymer Solution / 3.2.6：
Hydrodynamic Radius / 3.2.7：
Particle Sizing / 3.2.8：
Diffusion From Equation of Motion / 3.2.9：
Diffusion as Kinetics / 3.2.10：
Concentration Effect on Diffusion / 3.2.11：
Diffusion in a Nonuniform System / 3.2.12：
Viscosity / 3.2.13：
Viscosity of Solutions / 3.3.1：
Measurement of Viscosity / 3.3.2：
Intrinsic Viscosity / 3.3.3：
Flow Field / 3.3.4：
Normal Modes / 3.3.5：
Rouse Model / 3.4.1：
Normal Coordinates / 3.4.2：
Equation of Motion for the Normal Coordinates in the Rouse Model / 3.4.3：
Results of the Normal-Coordinates / 3.4.4：
Results for the Rouse Model / 3.4.5：
Zimm Model / 3.4.6：
Dynamic Structure Factor / 3.4.7：
Motion of Monomers / 3.4.9：
Dynamics of Rodlike Molecules / 3.4.10：
Diffusion Coefficients / 3.5.1：
Rotational Diffusion / 3.5.2：
Dynamics of Wormlike Chains / 3.5.3：
Appendices / 3.5.6：
Evaluation of [left angle bracket]q[subscript i superscript 2 right angle bracket subscript eq] / 3.A：
Evaluation of [left angle bracket]exp[ik [middle dot] (Aq - Bp) right angle bracket] / 3.B：
Initial Slope of S[subscript 1](k,t) / 3.C：
Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Semidilute Solutions / 4：
Semidilute Polymer Solutions / 4.1：
Thermodynamics of Semidilute Polymer Solutions / 4.2：
Blob Model / 4.2.1：
Scaling Theory and Semidilute Solutions / 4.2.2：
Partitioning with a Pore / 4.2.3：
Dynamics of Semidilute Solutions / 4.2.4：
Cooperative Diffusion / 4.3.1：
Tube Model and Reptation Theory / 4.3.2：
References / 4.3.3：
Further Readings
Delta Function / A1：
Fourier Transform / A2：
Integrals / A3：
Series / A4：
Index
Preface
Models of Polymer Chains / 1：
Introduction / 1.1：
23.
図書
K. Feyrer
出版情報:
Berlin : Springer, c2007 IX, 322 p. ; 24 cm
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Wire Ropes, Elements and Definitions / 1：
Steel Wire / 1.1：
Non-Alloy Steel / 1.1.1：
Wire Manufacturing / 1.1.2：
Metallic Coating / 1.1.3：
Corrosion Resistant Wires / 1.1.4：
Wire Tensile Test / 1.1.5：
Wire Endurance and Fatigue Strength / 1.1.6：
Strands / 1.2：
Round Strands / 1.2.1：
Shaped Strands / 1.2.2：
Compacted Strands / 1.2.3：
Rope Cores / 1.3：
Lubrication / 1.4：
Lubricant / 1.4.1：
Lubricant Consumption / 1.4.2：
Rope Endurance / 1.4.3：
Wire Ropes / 1.5：
The Classification of Ropes According to Usage / 1.5.1：
Wire Rope Constructions / 1.5.2：
Designation of Wire Ropes / 1.5.3：
Symbols and Definitions / 1.5.4：
The Geometry of Wire Ropes / 1.6：
Round Strand with Round Wires / 1.6.1：
Round Strand with Any Kind of Profiled Wires / 1.6.2：
Fibre Core / 1.6.3：
Steel Core / 1.6.4：
References
Wire Ropes under Tensile Load / 2：
Stresses in Straight Wire Ropes / 2.1：
Basic Relation for the Wire Tensile Force in a Strand / 2.1.1：
Wire Tensile Stress in the Strand or Wire Rope / 2.1.2：
Additional Wire Stresses in the Straight Spiral Rope / 2.1.3：
Additional Wire Stresses in Straight Stranded Ropes / 2.1.4：
Wire Rope Elasticity Module / 2.2：
Definition / 2.2.1：
Rope Elasticity Module of Strands and Spiral Ropes, Calculation / 2.2.2：
Rope Elasticity Module of Stranded Wire Ropes / 2.2.3：
Waves and Vibrations / 2.2.4：
Reduction of the Rope Diameter due to Rope Tensile Force / 2.3：
Torque and Torsional Stiffness / 2.4：
Rope Torque from Geometric Data / 2.4.1：
Torque of Twisted Round Strand Ropes / 2.4.2：
Rotating of the Bottom Sheave / 2.4.3：
Rope Twist Caused by the Height-Stress / 2.4.4：
Change of the Rope Length by Twisting the Rope / 2.4.5：
Wire Stresses Caused by Twisting the Rope / 2.4.6：
Rope Endurance Under Fluctuating Twist / 2.4.7：
Wire Rope Breaking Force / 2.5：
Wire Ropes Under Fluctuating Tension / 2.6：
Conditions of Tension-Tension Tests / 2.6.1：
Evaluating Methods / 2.6.2：
Results of Tension Fatigue Test-Series / 2.6.3：
Further Results of Tension Fatigue Tests / 2.6.4：
Calculation of the Number of Load Cycles / 2.6.5：
Dimensioning Stay Wire Ropes / 2.7：
Extreme Forces / 2.7.1：
Fluctuating Forces / 2.7.2：
Discard Criteria / 2.7.3：
Wire Ropes Under Bending and Tensile Stresses / 3：
Stresses in Running Wire Ropes / 3.1：
Bending and Torsion Stress / 3.1.1：
Secondary Tensile Stress / 3.1.2：
Stresses from the Rope Ovalisation / 3.1.3：
Secondary Bending Stress / 3.1.4：
Sum of the Stresses / 3.1.5：
Force Between Rope and Sheave (Line Pressure) / 3.1.6：
Pressure Between Rope and Sheave / 3.1.7：
Force on the Outer Arcs of the Rope Wires / 3.1.8：
Rope Bending Tests / 3.2：
Bending-Fatigue-Machines, Test Procedures / 3.2.1：
Number of Bending Cycles / 3.2.2：
Further Influences on the Number of Bending Cycles / 3.2.3：
Reverse Bending / 3.2.4：
Fluctuating Tension and Bending / 3.2.5：
Palmgren-Miner Rule / 3.2.6：
Limiting Factors / 3.2.7：
Ropes during Bendings / 3.2.8：
Number of Wire Breaks / 3.2.9：
Rope Drive Requirements / 3.3：
General Requirements / 3.3.1：
Lifting Installations for Passengers / 3.3.2：
Cranes and Lifting Appliances / 3.3.3：
Calculation of Rope Drives / 3.4：
Analysis of Rope Drives / 3.4.1：
Tensile Rope Force / 3.4.2：
Limits / 3.4.3：
Rope Drive Calculations, Examples / 3.4.6：
Rope Efficiency / 3.5：
Single Sheave / 3.5.1：
Rope Drive / 3.5.2：
Lowering an Empty Hook Block / 3.5.3：
Index
Wire Ropes, Elements and Definitions / 1：
Steel Wire / 1.1：
Non-Alloy Steel / 1.1.1：
24.
図書
Kenneth V. Price, Rainer M. Storn, Jouni A. Lampinen
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
Table of Contents
The Motivation for Differential Evolution / 1：
Introduction to Parameter Optimization / 1.1：
Overview / 1.1.1：
Single-Point, Derivative-Based Optimization / 1.1.2：
One-Point, Derivative-Free Optimization and the Step Size Problem / 1.1.3：
Local Versus Global Optimization / 1.2：
Simulated Annealing / 1.2.1：
Multi-Point, Derivative-Based Methods / 1.2.2：
Multi-Point, Derivative-Free Methods / 1.2.3：
Differential Evolution - A First Impression / 1.2.4：
References
The Differential Evolution Algorithm / 2：
Population Structure / 2.1：
Initialization / 2.1.2：
Mutation / 2.1.3：
Crossover / 2.1.4：
Selection / 2.1.5：
DE at a Glance / 2.1.6：
Visualizing DE / 2.1.7：
Notation / 2.1.8：
Parameter Representation / 2.2：
Bit Strings / 2.2.1：
Floating-Point / 2.2.2：
Floating-Point Constraints / 2.2.3：
Initial Bounds / 2.3：
Initial Distributions / 2.3.2：
Base Vector Selection / 2.4：
Choosing the Base Vector Index, r0 / 2.4.1：
One-to-One Base Vector Selection / 2.4.2：
A Comparison of Random Base Index Selection Methods / 2.4.3：
Degenerate Vector Combinations / 2.4.4：
Implementing Mutually Exclusive Indices / 2.4.5：
Gauging the Effects of Degenerate Combinations: The Sphere / 2.4.6：
Biased Base Vector Selection Schemes / 2.4.7：
Differential Mutation / 2.5：
The Mutation Scale Factor: F / 2.5.1：
Randomizing the Scale Factor / 2.5.2：
Recombination / 2.6：
The Role of Cr in Optimization / 2.6.1：
Arithmetic Recombination / 2.6.3：
Phase Portraits / 2.6.4：
The Either/Or Algorithm / 2.6.5：
Survival Criteria / 2.7：
Tournament Selection / 2.7.2：
One-to-One Survivor Selection / 2.7.3：
Local Versus Global Selection / 2.7.4：
Permutation Selection Invariance / 2.7.5：
Crossover-Dependent Selection Pressure / 2.7.6：
Parallel Performance / 2.7.7：
Extensions / 2.7.8：
Termination Criteria / 2.8：
Objective Met / 2.8.1：
Limit the Number of Generations / 2.8.2：
Population Statistics / 2.8.3：
Limited Time / 2.8.4：
Human Monitoring / 2.8.5：
Application Specific / 2.8.6：
Benchmarking Differential Evolution / 3：
About Testing / 3.1：
Performance Measures / 3.2：
DE Versus DE / 3.3：
The Algorithms / 3.3.1：
The Test Bed / 3.3.2：
Summary / 3.3.3：
DE Versus Other Optimizers / 3.4：
Comparative Performance: Thirty-Dimensional Functions / 3.4.1：
Comparative Studies: Unconstrained Optimization / 3.4.2：
Performance Comparisons from Other Problem Domains / 3.4.3：
Application-Based Performance Comparisons / 3.4.4：
Problem Domains / 3.5：
Function and Parameter Quantization / 4.1：
Uniform Quantization / 4.2.1：
Non-Uniform Quantization / 4.2.2：
Objective Function Quantization / 4.2.3：
Parameter Quantization / 4.2.4：
Mixed Variables / 4.2.5：
Optimization with Constraints / 4.3：
Boundary Constraints / 4.3.1：
Inequality Constraints / 4.3.2：
Equality Constraints / 4.3.3：
Combinatorial Problems / 4.4：
The Traveling Salesman Problem / 4.4.1：
The Permutation Matrix Approach / 4.4.2：
Relative Position Indexing / 4.4.3：
Onwubolu's Approach / 4.4.4：
Adjacency Matrix Approach / 4.4.5：
Design Centering / 4.4.6：
Divergence, Self-Steering and Pooling / 4.5.1：
Computing a Design Center / 4.5.2：
Multi-Objective Optimization / 4.6：
Weighted Sum of Objective Functions / 4.6.1：
Pareto Optimality / 4.6.2：
The Pareto-Front: Two Examples / 4.6.3：
Adapting DE for Multi-Objective Optimization / 4.6.4：
Dynamic Objective Functions / 4.7：
Stationary Optima / 4.7.1：
Non-Stationary Optima / 4.7.2：
Architectural Aspects and Computing Environments / 5：
DE on Parallel Processors / 5.1：
Background / 5.1.1：
Related Work / 5.1.2：
Drawbacks of the Standard Model / 5.1.3：
Modifying the Standard Model / 5.1.4：
The Master Process / 5.1.5：
DE on Limited Resource Devices / 5.2：
Random Numbers / 5.2.1：
Permutation Generators / 5.2.2：
Efficient Sorting / 5.2.3：
Memory-Saving DE Variants / 5.2.4：
Computer Code / 6：
DeMat - Differential Evolution for MATLAB / 6.1：
General Structure of DeMat / 6.1.1：
Naming and Coding Conventions / 6.1.2：
Data Flow Diagram / 6.1.3：
How to Use the Graphics / 6.1.4：
DeWin - DE for MS Windows: An Application in C / 6.2：
General Structure of DeWin / 6.2.1：
How To Use the Graphics / 6.2.2：
Functions of graphics.h / 6.2.5：
Software on the Accompanying CD / 6.3：
Applications / 7：
Genetic Algorithms and Related Techniques for Optimizing Si-H Clusters: A Merit Analysis for Differential Evolution / 7.1：
Introduction / 7.1.1：
The System Model / 7.1.2：
Computational Details / 7.1.3：
Results and Discussion / 7.1.4：
Concluding Remarks / 7.1.5：
Non-Imaging Optical Design Using Differential Evolution / 7.2：
Objective Function / 7.2.1：
A Reverse Engineering Approach to Testing / 7.2.3：
A More Difficult Problem: An Extended Source / 7.2.4：
Conclusion / 7.2.5：
Optimization of an Industrial Compressor Supply System / 7.3：
Background Information on the Test Problem / 7.3.1：
System Optimization / 7.3.3：
Demand Profiles / 7.3.4：
Modified Differential Evolution; Extending the Generality of DE / 7.3.5：
Component Selection from the Database / 7.3.6：
Crossover Approaches / 7.3.7：
Testing Procedures / 7.3.8：
Obtaining 100% Certainty of the Results / 7.3.9：
Results / 7.3.10：
Minimal Representation Multi-Sensor Fusion Using Differential Evolution / 7.3.11：
Minimal Representation Multi-Sensor Fusion / 7.4.1：
Differential Evolution for Multi-Sensor Fusion / 7.4.3：
Experimental Results / 7.4.4：
Comparison with a Binary Genetic Algorithm / 7.4.5：
Determination of the Earthquake Hypocenter: A Challenge for the Differential Evolution Algorithm / 7.4.6：
Brief Outline of Direct Problem Solution / 7.5.1：
Synthetic Location Test / 7.5.3：
Convergence Properties / 7.5.4：
Conclusions / 7.5.5：
Parallel Differential Evolution: Application to 3-D Medical Image Registration / 7.6：
Medical Image Registration Using Similarity Measures / 7.6.1：
Optimization by Differential Evolution / 7.6.3：
Parallelization of Differential Evolution / 7.6.4：
Acknowledgments / 7.6.5：
Design of Efficient Erasure Codes with Differential Evolution / 7.7：
Codes from Bipartite Graphs / 7.7.1：
Code Design / 7.7.3：
Differential Evolution / 7.7.4：
FIWIZ - A Versatile Program for the Design of Digital Filters Using Differential Evolution / 7.7.5：
Unconventional Design Tasks / 7.8.1：
Approach / 7.8.3：
Examples / 7.8.4：
Optimization of Radial Active Magnetic Bearings by Using Differential Evolution and the Finite Element Method / 7.8.5：
Radial Active Magnetic Bearings / 7.9.1：
Magnetic Field Distribution and Force Computed by the Two-Dimensional FEM / 7.9.3：
RAMB Design Optimized by DE and the FEM / 7.9.4：
Application of Differential Evolution to the Analysis of X-Ray Reflectivity Data / 7.9.5：
The Data-Fitting Procedure / 7.10.1：
The Model and Simulation / 7.10.3：
Inverse Fractal Problem / 7.10.4：
General Introduction / 7.11.1：
Active Compensation in RF-Driven Plasmas by Means of Differential Evolution / 7.11.2：
RF-Driven Plasmas / 7.12.1：
Langmuir Probes / 7.12.3：
Active Compensation in RF-Driven Plasmas / 7.12.4：
Automated Control System Structure and Fitness Function / 7.12.5：
Experimental Setup / 7.12.6：
Parameters and Experimental Design / 7.12.7：
Appendix / 7.12.8：
Unconstrained Uni-Modal Test Functions / A.1：
Sphere / A.1.1：
Hyper-Ellipsoid / A.1.2：
Generalized Rosenbrock / A.1.3：
Schwefel's Ridge / A.1.4：
Neumaier #3 / A.1.5：
Unconstrained Multi-Modal Test Functions / A.2：
Ackley / A.2.1：
Griewangk / A.2.2：
Rastrigin / A.2.3：
Salomon / A.2.4：
Whitley / A.2.5：
Storn's Chebyshev / A.2.6：
Lennard-Jones / A.2.7：
Hilbert / A.2.8：
Modified Langerman / A.2.9：
Shekel's Foxholes / A.2.10：
Odd Square / A.2.11：
Katsuura / A.2.12：
Bound-Constrained Test Functions / A.3：
Schwefel / A.3.1：
Epistatic Michalewicz / A.3.2：
Rana / A.3.3：
Index
Preface
Table of Contents
The Motivation for Differential Evolution / 1：
25.
図書
Jean-Pierre Colinge, editor
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
Table of Content
Contributors
The SOI MOSFET: from Single Gate to Multigate / 1：
MOSFET scaling and Moore's law / 1.1：
Short-Channel Effects / 1.2：
Gate Geometry and Electrostatic Integrity / 1.3：
A Brief History of Multiple-Gate MOSFETs / 1.4：
Single-gate SOI MOSFETs / 1.4.1：
Double-gate SOI MOSFETs / 1.4.2：
Triple-gate SOI MOSFETs / 1.4.3：
Surrounding-gate (quadruple-gate) SOI MOSFETs / 1.4.4：
Other multigate MOSFET structures / 1.4.5：
Multigate MOSFET memory devices / 1.4.6：
Multigate MOSFET Physics / 1.5：
Classical physics / 1.5.1：
Natural length and short-channel effects / 1.5.1.1：
Current drive / 1.5.1.2：
Corner effect / 1.5.1.3：
Quantum effects / 1.5.2：
Volume inversion / 1.5.2.1：
Mobility effects / 1.5.2.2：
Threshold voltage / 1.5.2.3：
Inter-subband scattering / 1.5.2.4：
References
Multigate MOSFET Technology / 2：
Introduction / 2.1：
Active Area: Fins / 2.2：
Fin Width / 2.2.1：
Fin Height and Fin Pitch / 2.2.2：
Fin Surface Crystal Orientation / 2.2.3：
Fin Surface Preparation / 2.2.4：
Fins on Bulk Silicon / 2.2.5：
Nano-wires and Self-Assembled Wires / 2.2.6：
Gate Stack / 2.3：
Gate Patterning / 2.3.1：
Threshold Voltage and Gate Workfunction Requirements / 2.3.2：
Polysilicon Gate / 2.3.2.1：
Metal Gate / 2.3.2.2：
Tunable Workfunction Metal Gate / 2.3.2.3：
Gate EWF and Gate Induced Drain Leakage (GIDL) / 2.3.3：
Independently Controlled Gates / 2.3.4：
Source/Drain Resistance and Capacitance / 2.4：
Doping the Thin Fins / 2.4.1：
Junction Depth / 2.4.2：
Parasitic Resistance/Capacitance and Raised Source and Drain Structure / 2.4.3：
Mobility and Strain Engineering / 2.5：
Wafer Bending Experiment / 2.5.1：
Nitride Stress Liners / 2.5.3：
Embedded SiGe and SiC Source and Drain / 2.5.4：
Local Strain from Gate Electrode / 2.5.5：
Substrate Strain: Strained Silicon on Insulator / 2.5.6：
Contacts to the Fins / 2.6：
Dumbbell source and drain contact / 2.6.1：
Saddle contact / 2.6.2：
Contact to merged fins / 2.6.3：
Acknowledgments
BSIM-CMG: A Compact Model for Multi-Gate Transistors / 3：
Framework for Multigate FET Modeling / 3.1：
Multigate Models: BSIM-CMG and BSIM-IMG / 3.3：
The BSIM-CMG Model / 3.3.1：
The BSIM-IMG Model / 3.3.2：
BSIM-CMG / 3.4：
Core Model / 3.4.1：
Surface Potential Model / 3.4.1.1：
I-V Model / 3.4.1.2：
C-V Model / 3.4.1.3：
Modeling Physical Effects of Real Devices / 3.4.2：
Quantum Mechanical Effects (QME) / 3.4.2.1：
Short-channel Effects (SCE) / 3.4.2.2：
Experimental Verification / 3.4.3：
Surface Potential of independent DG-FET / 3.5：
BSIM-IMG features / 3.5.2：
Summary / 3.6：
Physics of the Multigate MOS System / 4：
Device electrostatics / 4.1：
Double gate MOS system / 4.2：
Modeling assumptions / 4.2.1：
Gate voltage effect / 4.2.2：
Semiconductor thickness effect / 4.2.3：
Asymmetry effects / 4.2.4：
Oxide thickness effect / 4.2.5：
Electron tunnel current / 4.2.6：
Two-dimensional confinement / 4.3：
Mobility in Multigate MOSFETs / 5：
Double-Gate MOSFETs and FinFETs / 5.1：
Phonon-limited mobility / 5.2.1：
Confinement of acoustic phonons / 5.2.2：
Interface roughness scattering / 5.2.3：
Coulomb scattering / 5.2.4：
Temperature Dependence of Mobility / 5.2.5：
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Operation of DGSOI FETs / 5.2.6：
Crystallographic orientation / 5.2.7：
High-k dielectrics / 5.2.8：
Strained DGSOI devices / 5.2.9：
Silicon multiple-gate nanowires / 5.2.10：
Electrostatic description of Si nanowires / 5.3.1：
Electron transport in Si nanowires / 5.3.3：
Surface roughness / 5.3.4：
Experimental results and conclusions / 5.3.5：
Radiation Effects in Advanced Single- and Multi-Gate SOI MOSFETs / 6：
A brief history of radiation effects in SOI / 6.1：
Total Ionizing Dose Effects / 6.2：
A brief overview of Total Ionizing Dose effects / 6.2.1：
Advanced Single-Gate FDSOI devices / 6.2.2：
Description of Advanced FDSOI Devices / 6.2.2.1：
Front-gate threshold voltage shift / 6.2.2.2：
Single-transistor latch / 6.2.2.3：
Advanced Multi-Gate devices / 6.2.3：
Devices and process description / 6.2.3.1：
Single-Event Effects / 6.2.3.2：
Background / 6.3.1：
Effect of ion track diameter in nanoscale devices / 6.3.2：
Transient measurements on single-gate and FinFET SOI transistors / 6.3.3：
Scaling effects / 6.3.4：
Multi-Gate MOSFET Circuit Design / 7：
Digital Circuit Design / 7.1：
Impact of device performance on digital circuit design / 7.2.1：
Large-scale digital circuits / 7.2.2：
Leakage-performance trade off and energy dissipation / 7.2.3：
Multi-V[subscript T] devices and mixed-V[subscript T] circuits / 7.2.4：
High-temperature circuit operation / 7.2.5：
SRAM design / 7.2.6：
Analog Circuit Design / 7.3：
Device figures of merit and technology related design issues / 7.3.1：
Transconductance / 7.3.1.1：
Intrinsic transistor gain / 7.3.1.2：
Matching behavior / 7.3.1.3：
Flicker noise / 7.3.1.4：
Transit and maximum oscillation frequency / 7.3.1.5：
Self-heating / 7.3.1.6：
Charge trapping in high-k dielectrics / 7.3.1.7：
Design of analog building blocks / 7.3.2：
V-[subscript T]-based current reference circuit / 7.3.2.1：
Bandgap voltage reference / 7.3.2.2：
Operational amplifier / 7.3.2.3：
Comparator / 7.3.2.4：
Mixed-signal aspects / 7.3.3：
Current steering DAC / 7.3.3.1：
Successive approximation ADC / 7.3.3.2：
RF circuit design / 7.3.4：
SoC Design and Technology Aspects / 7.4：
Index
Preface
Table of Content
Contributors
26.
図書
Saeid Sanei and Jonathon Chambers
出版情報:
Chichester : John Wiley & Sons, c2007 xxii, 289 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface
List of Abbreviations
List of Symbols
Introduction to EEG / 1：
History / 1.1：
Neural Activities / 1.2：
Action Potentials / 1.3：
EEG Generation / 1.4：
Brain Rhythms / 1.5：
EEG Recording and Measurement / 1.6：
Conventional Electrode Positioning / 1.6.1：
Conditioning the Signals / 1.6.2：
Abnormal EEG Patterns / 1.7：
Ageing / 1.8：
Mental Disorders / 1.9：
Dementia / 1.9.1：
Epileptic Seizure and Nonepileptic Attacks / 1.9.2：
Psychiatric Disorders / 1.9.3：
External Effects / 1.9.4：
Summary and Conclusions / 1.10：
References
Fundamentals of EEG Signal Processing / 2：
EEG Signal Modelling / 2.1：
Linear Models / 2.1.1：
Nonlinear Modelling / 2.1.2：
Generating EEG Signals Based on Modelling the Neuronal Activities / 2.1.3：
Nonlinearity of the Medium / 2.2：
Nonstationarity / 2.3：
Signal Segmentation / 2.4：
Signal Transforms and Joint Time-Frequency Analysis / 2.5：
Wavelet Transform / 2.5.1：
Ambiguity Function and the Wigner-Ville Distribution / 2.5.2：
Coherency, Multivariate Autoregressive (MVAR) Modelling, and Directed Transfer Function (DTF) / 2.6：
Chaos and Dynamical Analysis / 2.7：
Entropy / 2.7.1：
Kolmogorov Entropy / 2.7.2：
Lyapunov Exponents / 2.7.3：
Plotting the Attractor Dimensions from the Time Series / 2.7.4：
Estimation of Lyapunov Exponents from the Time Series / 2.7.5：
Approximate Entropy / 2.7.6：
Using the Prediction Order / 2.7.7：
Filtering and Denoising / 2.8：
Principal Component Analysis / 2.9：
Singular-Value Decomposition / 2.9.1：
Independent Component Analysis / 2.10：
Instantaneous BSS / 2.10.1：
Convolutive BSS / 2.10.2：
Sparse Component Analysis / 2.10.3：
Nonlinear BSS / 2.10.4：
Constrained BSS / 2.10.5：
Application of Constrained BSS: Example / 2.11：
Signal Parameter Estimation / 2.12：
Classification Algorithms / 2.13：
Support Vector Machines / 2.13.1：
The k-Means Algorithm / 2.13.2：
Matching Pursuits / 2.14：
Event-Related Potentials / 2.15：
Detection, Separation, Localization, and Classification of P300 Signals / 3.1：
Using ICA / 3.1.1：
Estimating Single Brain Potential Components by Modelling ERP Waveforms / 3.1.2：
Source Tracking / 3.1.3：
Localization of the ERP / 3.1.4：
Time-Frequency Domain Analysis / 3.1.5：
Adaptive Filtering Approach / 3.1.6：
Prony's Approach for Detection of P300 Signals / 3.1.7：
Adaptive Time-Frequency Methods / 3.1.8：
Brain Activity Assessment Using ERP / 3.2：
Application of P300 to BCI / 3.3：
Seizure Signal Analysis / 3.4：
Seizure Detection / 4.1：
Adult Seizure Detection / 4.1.1：
Detection of Neonate Seizure / 4.1.2：
Chaotic Behaviour of EEG Sources / 4.2：
Predictability of Seizure from the EEGs / 4.3：
Fusion of EEG-fMRI Data for Seizure Prediction / 4.4：
EEG Source Localization / 4.5：
Introduction / 5.1：
General Approaches to Source Localization / 5.1.1：
Dipole Assumption / 5.1.2：
Overview of the Traditional Approaches / 5.2：
ICA Method / 5.2.1：
MUSIC Algorithm / 5.2.2：
LORETA Algorithm / 5.2.3：
FOCUSS Algorithm / 5.2.4：
Standardized LORETA / 5.2.5：
Other Weighted Minimum Norm Solutions / 5.2.6：
Evaluation Indices / 5.2.7：
Joint ICA-LORETA Approach / 5.2.8：
Partially Constrained BSS Method / 5.2.9：
Determination of the Number of Sources / 5.3：
Sleep EEG / 5.4：
Stages of Sleep / 6.1：
NREM Sleep / 6.1.1：
REM Sleep / 6.1.2：
The Influence of Circadian Rhythms / 6.2：
Sleep Deprivation / 6.3：
Preface
List of Abbreviations
List of Symbols
27.
図書
John F. Watts, John Wolstenholme
出版情報:
Chichester : Wiley, c2003 x, 212 p. ; 23 cm
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Preface
Acknowledgements
Electron Spectroscopy: Some Basic Concepts / 1：
Electron Spectrometer Design
The Electron Spectrum: Qualitative and Quantitative Interpretation
Compositional Depth Profiling / 1.1：
Applications of Electron Spectroscopy in Materials Science
Analysis of Surfaces
Comparison of XPS and AES with Other Analytical Techniques
Glossary / 1.2：
Bibliography
Notation
Auger Electron Energies / Appendix 1：
Spectroscopists' notation / Appendix 2：
Table of Binding Energies Accessible with AIK& Radiation
Index / 1.2.2：
X-ray notation
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) / 1.3：
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) / 1.4：
Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) / 1.5：
The Depth of Analysis in Electron Spectroscopy / 1.6：
Comparison of XPS and AES/SAM / 1.7：
The Availability of Surface Analytical Equipment / 1.8：
The Vacuum System / 2：
The Sample / 2.2：
X-ray Sources for XPS / 2.3：
The twin anode X-ray source / 2.3.1：
X-ray monochromators / 2.3.2：
Charge compensation / 2.3.3：
The Electron Gun for AES / 2.4：
Electron sources / 2.4.1：
Analysers for Electron Spectroscopy / 2.5：
The cylindrical mirror analyser / 2.5.1：
The hemispherical sector analyser / 2.5.2：
Detectors / 2.6：
Channel electron multipliers / 2.6.1：
Channel plates / 2.6.2：
Small Area XPS / 2.7：
Lens-defined small area XPS / 2.7.1：
Source-defined small area analysis / 2.7.2：
XPS Imaging and Mapping / 2.8：
Serial acquisition / 2.8.1：
Parallel acquisition / 2.8.2：
Lateral Resolution in Small Area XPS / 2.9：
Angle Resolved XPS / 2.10：
Qualitative Analysis / 3：
Unwanted features in electron spectra / 3.1.1：
Data acquisition / 3.1.2：
Chemical State Information / 3.2：
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy / 3.2.1：
Electron induced Auger electron spectroscopy / 3.2.2：
The Auger parameter / 3.2.3：
Chemical state plots / 3.2.4：
Shake-up satellites / 3.2.5：
Multiplet splitting / 3.2.6：
Plasmons / 3.2.7：
Quantitative Analysis / 3.3：
Factors affecting the quantification of electron spectra / 3.3.1：
Quantification in XPS / 3.3.2：
Quantification in AES / 3.3.3：
Compositional Depth Profilin / 4：
Non-destructive Depth Profiling Methods / 4.1：
Angle resolved electron spectroscopy / 4.1.1：
Elastic scattering / 4.1.1.1：
Compositional depth profiles by ARXPS / 4.1.1.2：
Recent advances in ARXPS / 4.1.1.3：
Variation of analysis depth with electron kinetic energy / 4.1.2：
Depth Profiling by Erosion with Noble Gas Ions / 4.2：
The sputtering process / 4.2.1：
Experimental method / 4.2.2：
Sputter yield and etch rate / 4.2.3：
Factors affecting the etch rate / 4.2.4：
Factors affecting the depth resolution / 4.2.5：
Calibration / 4.2.6：
Ion gun design / 4.2.7：
Mechanical Sectioning / 4.3：
Angle lapping / 4.3.1：
Ball cratering / 4.3.2：
Conclusions / 4.4：
Introduction / 5：
Metallurgy / 5.2：
Grain-boundary segregation / 5.2.1：
Electronic structure of metallic alloys / 5.2.2：
Surface engineering / 5.2.3：
Corrosion Science / 5.3：
Ceramics and Catalysis / 5.4：
Microelectronics and Semiconductor Materials / 5.5：
Mapping semiconductor devices using AES / 5.5.1：
Depth profiling of semiconductor materials / 5.5.2：
Ultra-thin layers studied by ARXPS / 5.5.3：
Polymeric Materials / 5.6：
Adhesion Science / 5.7：
X-ray Analysis in the Electron Microscope / 6：
Electron Analysis in the Electron Microscope / 6.2：
Mass Spectrometry for Surface Analysis / 6.3：
Ion Scattering / 6.4：
Concluding Remarks / 6.5：
Appendices
Table of Binding Energies Accessible with AlKalpha Radiation
Preface
Acknowledgements
Electron Spectroscopy: Some Basic Concepts / 1：
28.
図書
Kenneth A. Small and Erik T. Verhoef
出版情報:
London : Routledge, 2007 xvi, 276 p. ; 25 cm
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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List of tables
List of figures
Acknowledgments
Selected symbols and abbreviations
Introduction / 1：
Travel demand / 2：
Aggregate tabulations and models / 2.1：
Aggregate demand models / 2.1.1：
Cross-sectional studies of metropolitan areas / 2.1.2：
Cross-sectional studies within a metropolitan area / 2.1.3：
Studies using time-series data / 2.1.4：
Summary of key results of aggregate studies / 2.1.5：
Transportation and land use / 2.1.6：
Disaggregate models: methods / 2.2：
Basic discrete-choice models / 2.2.1：
Estimation / 2.2.2：
Interpreting coefficient estimates / 2.2.3：
Data / 2.2.4：
Randomness, scale of utility, and measures of benefit / 2.2.5：
Aggregation and forecasting / 2.2.6：
Specification / 2.2.7：
Ordered and rank-ordered models / 2.2.8：
Disaggregate models: examples / 2.3：
Mode choice / 2.3.1：
Trip-scheduling choice / 2.3.2：
Choice of free or express lanes / 2.3.3：
Advanced discrete-choice modeling / 2.4：
Generalized extreme value models / 2.4.1：
Combined discrete and continuous choice / 2.4.2：
Disaggregate panel data / 2.4.3：
Random parameters and mixed logit / 2.4.4：
Endogenous prices / 2.4.5：
Activity patterns and trip chaining / 2.5：
Value of time and reliability / 2.6：
Value of time: basic theory / 2.6.1：
Empirical specifications / 2.6.2：
Extensions / 2.6.3：
Value of reliability: theory / 2.6.4：
Empirical results / 2.6.5：
Conclusions / 2.7：
Costs / 3：
The nature of cost functions / 3.1：
Cost functions for public transit / 3.2：
Accounting cost studies / 3.2.1：
Engineering cost studies / 3.2.2：
Statistical cost studies / 3.2.3：
Cost functions including user inputs / 3.2.4：
Highway travel: congestion technology / 3.3：
Fundamentals of congestion / 3.3.1：
Empirical speed-flow relationships / 3.3.2：
Dynamic congestion models / 3.3.3：
Congestion modeling: a conclusion / 3.3.4：
Highway travel: short-run cost functions and equilibrium / 3.4：
Stationary-state congestion on a homogeneous road / 3.4.1：
Time-averaged models / 3.4.2：
Dynamic models with endogenous scheduling / 3.4.3：
Network equilibrium / 3.4.4：
Parking search / 3.4.5：
Empirical evidence on short-run variable costs / 3.4.6：
Highway travel: long-run cost functions / 3.5：
Analytic long-run cost functions / 3.5.1：
The role of information technology / 3.5.2：
Empirical evidence on capital costs / 3.5.3：
Is highway travel subsidized? / 3.5.4：
Intermodal cost comparisons / 3.6：
Pricing / 3.7：
First-best congestion pricing of highways / 4.1：
Static congestion / 4.1.1：
Dynamic congestion / 4.1.2：
Second-best pricing / 4.2：
Network aspects / 4.2.1：
Time-of-day aspects / 4.2.2：
User heterogeneity / 4.2.3：
Stochastic congestion and information / 4.2.4：
Interactions with other distorted markets / 4.2.5：
Second-best pricing: a conclusion / 4.2.6：
Congestion pricing in practice / 4.3：
Singapore / 4.3.1：
Norwegian toll rings / 4.3.2：
Value pricing in the US / 4.3.3：
London congestion charging / 4.3.4：
Other applications / 4.3.5：
Technology of road pricing / 4.3.6：
Pricing of parking / 4.4：
Pricing of public transit / 4.5：
Fare level / 4.5.1：
Fare structure / 4.5.2：
Incentive effects of subsidies / 4.5.3：
Political considerations / 4.5.4：
Investment / 4.6：
Capacity choice for highways / 5.1：
Basic results: capacity choice with first-best pricing and static congestion / 5.1.1：
Self-financing in more complex settings / 5.1.2：
Second-best highway capacity / 5.1.3：
Naive investment rules / 5.1.4：
Cost-benefit analysis / 5.2：
Willingness to pay / 5.2.1：
Demand and cost forecasts / 5.2.2：
Discounting future costs and benefits / 5.2.3：
Shifting of costs and benefits / 5.2.4：
External benefits and network effects / 5.2.5：
Conclusion: the use and misuse of cost-benefit analysis / 5.2.6：
Industrial organization of transportation providers / 5.3：
Private highways / 6.1：
Single road with static congestion / 6.1.1：
Single road with dynamic congestion / 6.1.2：
Heterogeneous users / 6.1.3：
Private toll lanes: the two-route problem revisited / 6.1.4：
Competition in networks / 6.1.5：
Regulation and franchising of private roads / 6.2：
Privately provided transit services / 6.3：
Forms of privatization / 6.3.1：
Market structure and competitive practices / 6.3.2：
Efficiency of public and private providers / 6.3.3：
Experience with privatization and deregulation / 6.3.4：
Paratransit / 6.3.5：
Conventional taxi service / 6.3.6：
Conclusion / 6.4：
Emerging themes / 7.1：
Implications for transportation research / 7.2：
Notes
References
Index
List of tables
List of figures
Acknowledgments
29.
図書
Sung Joon Ahn
目次情報:
続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Curves and Surfaces in Space / 1.1：
Mathematical Description / 1.1.1：
Rigid Body Motion of Model Features in Space / 1.1.2：
Model Hierarchy / 1.1.3：
Curve and Surface Fitting / 1.2：
Applications of Curve and Surface Fitting / 1.2.1：
Algebraic Fitting Vs. Geometric Fitting / 1.2.2：
State-of-the-Art Orthogonal Distance Fitting / 1.2.3：
ISO 10360-6 and Requirements of CMM Software Tools / 1.2.4：
Least-Squares Orthogonal Distance Fitting / 2：
Moment Method for Line and Plane Fitting / 2.1：
Line Fitting / 2.1.1：
Plane Fitting / 2.1.2：
Relationship Between Line and Plane Fitting / 2.1.3：
Generalized Orthogonal Distance Fitting / 2.2：
Problem Definition / 2.2.1：
Point-to-Point Matching / 2.2.2：
Template Matching / 2.2.3：
Orthogonal Distance Fitting Algorithms / 2.3：
Distance-Based Algorithm / 2.3.1：
Coordinate-Based Algorithm / 2.3.2：
Model Fitting with Parameter Constraints / 2.3.3：
Parameter Test / 2.3.4：
Application to Circle and Sphere Fitting / 2.3.5：
Orthogonal Distance Fitting of Implicit Curves and Surfaces / 3：
Minimum Distance Point / 3.1：
Generalized Newton Method / 3.1.1：
Method of Lagrangian Multipliers / 3.1.2：
Verification of the Minimum Distance Point / 3.1.3：
Acceleration of Finding the Minimum Distance Point / 3.1.4：
Orthogonal Distance Fitting / 3.2：
Comparison of the Two Algorithms / 3.2.1：
Fitting Examples / 3.3：
Superellipse Fitting / 3.3.1：
Cone Fitting / 3.3.2：
Torus Fitting / 3.3.3：
Superellipsoid Fitting / 3.3.4：
Orthogonal Distance Fitting of Parametric Curves and Surfaces / 4：
Newton Method / 4.1：
Levenberg-MarquardtAlgorithm / 4.1.2：
Initial Values / 4.1.3：
Algorithm I (ETH) / 4.1.4：
Algorithm II (NPL, FhG) / 4.2.2：
Algorithm III (FhG) / 4.2.3：
Comparison of the Three Algorithms / 4.2.4：
Helix Fitting / 4.3：
Ellipsoid Fitting / 4.3.2：
Object Reconstruction from Unordered Point Cloud / 5：
Applications of Object Reconstruction / 5.1：
Semi-automatic Object Recognition / 5.2：
Segmentation, Outlier Elimination, and Model Fitting / 5.2.1：
Domain Volume for Measurement Points / 5.2.2：
Experimental Results with Real 3-D Measurement Points / 5.3：
3-D Point Cloud from Stripe Projection Method / 5.3.1：
3-D Point Cloud from Laser Radar / 5.3.2：
Conclusions / 6：
Summary / 6.1：
Future Work / 6.2：
References
Index
Implementation Examples / A：
Implicit 2-D Ellipse (Chap.3) / A.1：
Parametric 3-D Ellipse (Chap.4) / A.2：
CMM Software Tools Fulfilling ISO 10360-6 / B：
Curves and Surfaces Defined in ISO 10360-6 / B.1：
Competent Parameterization / B.1.1：
Role of the Mass Center / B.1.2：
Rotation Matrix / B.1.3：
Parameter Range / B.1.4：
Minimum Distance Point and FHG/XHG Matrix / B.2：
2-D Line / B.2.1：
3-D Line / B.2.2：
Plane / B.2.3：
2-D Circle / B.2.4：
3-D Circle / B.2.5：
Sphere / B.2.6：
Cylinder / B.2.7：
Cone / B.2.8：
Torus / B.2.9：
FHG Matrix of Superellipse and Superellipsoid / C：
Superellipse / C.1：
Superellipsoid / C.2：
Introduction / 1：
Curves and Surfaces in Space / 1.1：
Mathematical Description / 1.1.1：
30.
図書
editor, H. Fischer ; authors, J.A. Howard ... [et al.]
目次情報:
続きを見る
Molecules and Radicals / Landolt-BörnsteinGroup II：
Magnetic Properties of Free Radicals / Volume 26：
Nitrogen and Oxygen Centered Radicals / Subvolume C：
Title Pages, Contributors, Preface, Table of Contents
Title Pages
Contributors
Preface
Table of Contents
General introduction / H. FischerI：
Definition and substances / A：
Magnetic properties / B：
Arrangements of the tables / C：
Monographs, reviews and important conference proceedings / D：
Data / II：
Nitrogen-centered monoradicals, biradicals and high-spin nitrenes / F.A. Neugebauer9：
Introduction / 9.1：
General remarks / 9.1.1：
Arrangement of tables / 9.1.2：
Abbreviations / 9.1.3：
Aminyl radicals of type R&sbond;N• &sbond;R (R &dbond; H, C) / 9.2：
Acyclic aminyl radicals / 9.2.1：
Alkylaminyl radicals / 9.2.1.1：
Vinylaminyl radicals / 9.2.1.2：
Arylaminyls / 9.2.1.3：
Aminyl radicals with heterocyclic substituent / 9.2.1.4：
Cyano- and acylaminyl radicals / 9.2.1.5：
Cyclic aminyl radicals / 9.2.2：
Monocyclic aminyl radicals / 9.2.2.1：
Aminyl radicals from four-membered rings / 9.2.2.1.1：
Aminyl radicals from five-membered rings / 9.2.2.1.2：
Aminyl radicals from six-membered rings / 9.2.2.1.3：
Fused polycyclic aminyl radicals / 9.2.2.2：
Based on five-membered rings / 9.2.2.2.1：
Based on six-membered rings / 9.2.2.2.2：
Based on seven-membered rings / 9.2.2.2.3：
Germylaminyl radicals of type R&sbond;N• &sbond;GeR3 / 9.3：
Hydrazyl and hydrazonyl radicals: R1 &sbond;N• &sbond;NR2 R3 , R1 &sbond;N• &sbond;N&dbond;CR2 R3 / 9.4：
Acyclic hydrazyl radicals / 9.4.1：
Leading atom of R1 , R2 , and R3 : Hydrogen or carbon / 9.4.1.1：
Alkylhydrazyl radicals / 9.4.1.1.1：
Arylhydrazyl radicals / 9.4.1.1.2：
Cyano- and acylhydrazyl radicals / 9.4.1.1.3：
Leading atom of R1 : Other than hydrogen or carbon / 9.4.1.2：
Leading atom of R2 : Other than hydrogen or carbon / 9.4.1.3：
Leading atom of R1 and R2 : Other than hydrogen or carbon / 9.4.1.4：
Cyclic hydrazyl radicals / 9.4.2：
Monocyclic hydrazyl radicals / 9.4.2.1：
Hydrazyl radicals from three-membered rings / 9.4.2.1.1：
Hydrazyl radicals from five-membered rings / 9.4.2.1.2：
Hydrazyl radicals from six-membered rings / 9.4.2.1.3：
Fused polycyclic hydrazyl radicals / 9.4.2.2：
Acyclic and cyclic hydrazonyl radicals / 9.4.3：
Acyclic hydrazonyl radicals / 9.4.3.1：
Cyclic hydrazonyl radicals / 9.4.3.2：
Oxyaminyl radicals: &sbond;N• &sbond;O&sbond; / 9.5：
Acyclic oxyaminyl radicals: R1 &sbond;N• &sbond;O&sbond;R2 / 9.5.1：
Leading atom of R1 and R2 : Carbon / 9.5.1.1：
Leading atom of R2 : Other than carbon / 9.5.1.2：
Leading atom of R1 : Other than carbon / 9.5.1.3：
Cyclic oxyaminyl radicals / 9.5.2：
Thioaminyl radicals: &sbond;N• &sbond;S&sbond;, &sbond;N• &sbond;S(&dbond;O)&sbond;, &sbond;N• &sbond;SO2 &sbond; / 9.6：
Acyclic thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.1：
Sulfenamidyl radicals: R1 &sbond;N• &sbond;S&sbond;R2 / 9.6.1.1：
Sulfinamidyl radicals: R1 &sbond;N• &sbond;S(&dbond;O)&sbond;R2 / 9.6.1.1.1：
Sulfonamidyl radicals: R1 &sbond;N• &sbond;SO2 &sbond;R2 / 9.6.1.3：
Cyclic thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.2：
Monocyclic thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.2.1：
Thioaminyl radicals from five-membered rings / 9.6.2.1.1：
Thioaminyl radicals from six-membered rings / 9.6.2.1.2：
Thioaminyl radicals from eight-membered rings / 9.6.2.1.3：
Fused polycyclic thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.2.2：
Bridged thioaminyl radicals / 9.6.2.3：
Selenoaminyl radicals: &sbond;N• &sbond;Se&sbond; / 9.7：
Iminyl radicals: >C&dbond;N• / 9.8：
Iminyl radicals of type RCH&dbond;N• / 9.8.1：
Iminyl radicals of type R1 R2 C&dbond;N• / 9.8.2：
Diazenyl radicals: R&sbond;N•+ &dbond;N− / 9.9：
Iminoxyl radicals: >C&dbond;N&sbond;O• / 9.10：
Acyclic iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.1：
Iminoxyl radicals of type RCH&dbond;N&sbond;O• , leading atom of R: Carbon / 9.10.1.1：
Iminoxyl radicals of type R1 R2 C&dbond;N&sbond;O• / 9.10.1.2：
Leading atom of R1 and R2 : Other than carbon / 9.10.1.2.1：
Cyclic iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.2：
Monocyclic iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.2.1：
Fused polycyclic iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.2.2：
Bridged iminoxyl radicals / 9.10.2.3：
Nitrogen-centered biradicals / 9.11：
Aminyl biradicals / 9.11.1：
Hydrazyl biradicals / 9.11.2：
Acyclic hydrazyl biradicals / 9.11.2.1：
Cyclic hydrazyl biradicals / 9.11.2.2：
Thioaminyl biradicals / 9.11.3：
Acyclic thioaminyl biradicals / 9.11.3.1：
Cyclic thioaminyl biradicals / 9.11.3.2：
Cyclic selenoaminyl biradical / 9.11.4：
Biradicals with different kinds of radical centers / 9.11.5：
Type R1 N• .....C• R2 R3 / 9.11.5.1：
Type R1 N• .....N(O• )R2 / 9.11.5.2：
Type R1 N• .....O• / 9.11.5.3：
High-spin mono- and polynitrenes / 9.12：
Mononitrenes / 9.12.1：
Alkyl nitrenes / 9.12.1.1：
Cyano nitrene / 9.12.1.2：
Carbonyl nitrene / 9.12.1.3：
Aryl nitrenes / 9.12.1.4：
Heterocyclic nitrenes / 9.12.1.5：
Boryl nitrene / 9.12.1.6：
Phosphoryl nitrene / 9.12.1.7：
Sulfonyl nitrenes / 9.12.1.8：
Silyl nitrenes / 9.12.1.9：
Stannyl nitrene / 9.12.1.10：
Mononitrenes and additional radicals (S = 3/2, S = 2) / 9.12.2：
Nitrene and benzyl / 9.12.2.1：
Nitrene and aminyl / 9.12.2.2：
Nitrene and hydrazyl / 9.12.2.3：
Nitrene and nitroxyde / 9.12.2.4：
Nitrene, alkyl and aminyl / 9.12.2.5：
Nitrene and carbine / 9.12.2.6：
Quinonoidal dinitrenes (iminyl biradicals) / 9.12.3：
Dinitrenes (S = 2) / 9.12.4：
Arylene dinitrenes / 9.12.4.1：
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by >C&dbond;CH2 or >C&dbond;O / 9.12.4.2：
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by &sbond;HC&dbond;CH&sbond;, &sbond;[C&tbond;C]n &sbond;, &sbond;(1,3-C6 H4 )&sbond;,.or &sbond;C&tbond;C&sbond;(1,3-C6 H4 )&sbond;C&tbond;C&sbond; / 9.12.4.3：
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by carbocyclic or heterocyclic bridges / 9.12.4.4：
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by &sbond;CONH&sbond; / 9.12.4.5：
Bis(arylnitrenes) linked by hetero atoms: O, S, Si / 9.12.4.6：
Heterocyclic dinitrenes / 9.12.4.7：
Polynitrenes (S ≥ 3) / 9.12.5：
References for 9 / 9.13：
Review articles / 9.13.1：
References for 9.2-9.12 / 9.13.2：
Oxy- and peroxyalkyl radicals / J.A. Howard10：
Carbonyloxy radicals / 10.1：
Sulfinyl radicals / 10.3：
Alkylperoxy radicals / 10.4：
Alkenylperoxy radicals / 10.5：
Substituted alkylperoxy radicals / 10.6：
Aromatic peroxy radicals / 10.7：
Thiylperoxy radicals / 10.8：
Sulphonylperoxyl radicals / 10.9：
Peroxyl radicals from biological molecules / 10.10：
Polymer peroxyl radical / 10.11：
Metal centered peroxyl radical / 10.12：
References for 10 / 10.13：
Aroxyl radicals / R. Mecke ; H.H. Jäger ; M. Jäger11：
Arrangement of the tables / 11.1：
Carbocycles / 11.1.3：
Monocyclic compounds / 11.2.1：
Phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1：
Phenoxyl / 11.2.1.1.1：
Monosubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.2：
Tyrosyl / 11.2.1.1.2.1：
Tyrosine derived radicals / 11.2.1.1.2.2：
Tyrosine radicals in biological systems / 11.2.1.1.2.3：
Disubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.3：
Trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4：
2,3,4-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.1：
2,3,5-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.2：
2,3,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.3：
2,4,5-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.4：
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (1/6) / 11.2.1.1.4.5：
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (2/6)
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (3/6)
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (4/6)
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (5/6)
2,4,6-trisubstituted phenoxyls (6/6)
3,4,5-trisubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.4.6：
Tetrasubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.5：
Pentasubstituted phenoxyls / 11.2.1.1.6：
Condensed ring systems / 11.2.2：
Systems with condensed non-aromatic rings / 11.2.2.1：
Naphthoxyls / 11.2.2.2：
Anthroxyls / 11.2.2.3：
Polycondensed systems / 11.2.2.4：
Heterocycles / 11.3：
N-heterocycles / 11.3.1：
O-heterocycles / 11.3.2：
5-membered heterocyclic systems / 11.3.2.1：
6-membered heterocyclic systems / 11.3.2.2：
Condensed dioxol systems / 11.3.2.3：
S-heterocycles / 11.3.3：
Cations / 11.4：
Bi- and polyradicals / 11.5：
References for 11 / 11.6：
General symbols and abbreviations / III：
Symbols
Substances or part of substances
Molecules and Radicals / Landolt-BörnsteinGroup II：
Magnetic Properties of Free Radicals / Volume 26：
Nitrogen and Oxygen Centered Radicals / Subvolume C：
31.
図書
Ivan Kozhevnikov
目次情報:
続きを見る
Series Preface
Preface to Volume 2
Introduction / 1：
Scope and definitions / 1.1：
Nomenclature / 1.2：
Historical background / 1.3：
Introduction to catalysis by polyoxometalates / 1.4：
References
Properties of Polyoxometalates / 2：
Structures of polyoxometalates / 2.1：
General principles / 2.1.1：
The Keggin structure / 2.1.2：
The Wells-Dawson structure / 2.1.3：
The Anderson-Evans structure / 2.1.4：
The Dexter-Silverton structure / 2.1.5：
Crystal structure of heteropoly compounds / 2.2：
Thermal stability / 2.3：
Solubility / 2.4：
Formation and state in solution / 2.5：
Stability of polyoxometalates in solution / 2.5.1：
Polyoxometalates as ligands / 2.5.2：
Isotope exchange / 2.5.3：
Kinetics and mechanism of substitution in polyoxmetalates / 2.5.4：
Acid properties / 2.6：
Proton structure / 2.6.1：
Heteropoly acids in solutions / 2.6.2：
Acidity of solid heteropoly acids / 2.6.3：
Redox properties / 2.7：
Synthesis of Polyoxometalates / 3：
General methods of synthesis / 3.1：
Keggin polyoxometalates / 3.2：
12-Molybdosilicic acid, [alpha]-H[subscript 4 SiMo[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.1：
12-Tungstosilicic acid, [alpha]-H[subscript 4 SiW[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.2：
12-Tungstophosphoric acid, [alpha]-H[subscript 3 PW[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.3：
12-Molybdophosphoric acid, [alpha]-H[subscript 3 PMo[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.4：
12-Tungstogermanic acid, [alpha]-[H[subscript 4 GeW[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.5：
11-Molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid, H[subscript 4 PMo[subscript 11] VO[subscript 40] / 3.2.6：
10-Molybdo-2-vanadophosphoric acid, H[subscript 5 PMo[subscript 10]V[subscript 2]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.7：
9-Molybdo-3-vanadophosphoric acid, H[subscript 6 PMo[subscript 9] V[subscript 3]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.8：
Transition-metal-substituted tungstophosphates, {PW[subscript 11]MO[subscript 39]} / 3.2.9：
Wells-Dawson polyoxometalates / 3.3：
18-Tungstodiphosphoric acid, H[subscript 6 P[subscript 2]W[subscript 18]O[subscript 62] / 3.3.1：
Sandwich-type polyoxometalates / 3.4：
Na[subscript 12 WZn[subscript 3](H[subscript 2]O)[subscript 2](ZnW[subscript 9]O[subscript 34])[subscript 2] / 3.4.1：
Na[subscript 12 WCo[subscript 3 superscript II](H[subscript 2]O)[subscript 2] (Co[superscript II]W[subscript 9]O[subscript 34])[subscript 2] / 3.4.2：
K[subscript 11 WZnRu[subscript 2 superscript III](OH)(H[subscript 2]O) (ZnW[subscript 9]O[subscript 34])[subscript 2] / 3.4.3：
K[subscript 10 WZnRh[superscript III subscript 2](H[subscript 2]O)(ZnW[subscript 9]O[subscript 34])[subscript 2] / 3.4.4：
Peroxo polyoxometalates / 3.5：
Venturello complex, {PO[subscript 4 WO(O[subscript 2])[subscript 2 subscript 4]}[superscript 3-] / 3.5.1：
Polyoxometalate catalysts / 3.6：
Solid acid catalysts / 3.6.1：
Homogeneous catalysts / 3.6.2：
Acid Catalysis by Heteropoly Compounds / 4：
General overview / 4.1：
The scope of applications / 4.1.1：
Mechanistic principles / 4.1.2：
Homogeneous acid catalysis / 4.2：
Acid-catalysed reactions / 4.2.1：
Acid-catalysed reactions in biphasic liquid-liquid systems / 4.3：
Biphasic reactions / 4.3.1：
Heterogeneous acid catalysts / 4.4：
Heteropoly acid catalysts / 4.4.1：
Heterogeneous catalysis in liquid-solid systems / 4.4.2：
Heterogeneous catalysis in gas-solid systems / 4.4.3：
Deactivation and regeneration of solid heteropoly acid catalysts / 4.5：
Polyoxometalates as Catalysts for Selective Oxidation / 5：
Liquid-phase oxidation / 5.1：
Oxidation with dioxygen / 5.1.1：
Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide / 5.1.2：
Oxidation with organic peroxides / 5.1.3：
Miscellaneous oxidations / 5.1.4：
Gas-phase oxidation / 5.2：
Oxidation catalysts / 5.2.1：
Reactions / 5.2.3：
Miscellaneous Catalytic Applications of Polyoxometalates / 6：
Hydrogenation, carbonylation and related reactions / 6.1：
Polyanion-stabilised clusters / 6.2：
Polyoxometalates as catalyst precursors / 6.3：
Catalysis by Polyoxometalates in Industry / 7：
Acid catalysis / 7.1：
Hydration of olefins / 7.1.1：
Synthesis of ethyl acetate from ethylene and acetic acid / 7.1.2：
Selective oxidation / 7.2：
Oxidation of methacrolein in methacrylic acid / 7.2.1：
Oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid / 7.2.2：
Other Applications of Polyoxometalates / 8：
Analytical chemistry / 8.1：
Elemental analysis / 8.1.1：
Analysis of biomaterials / 8.1.2：
Separation / 8.2：
Processing of radioactive waste / 8.2.1：
Sorption of gases / 8.2.2：
Corrosion-resistant coatings / 8.3：
Polyoxometalates as additives to inorganic and organic matrices / 8.4：
Additives in sol-gel matrices / 8.4.1：
Additives in polymer matrices / 8.4.2：
Membranes / 8.5：
Fuel cells / 8.5.1：
Selective electrodes / 8.5.2：
Gas sensors / 8.5.3：
Polyoxometalates in medicine: antiviral and antitumoral activity / 8.6：
Index
Series Preface
Preface to Volume 2
Introduction / 1：
32.
図書
by Robert J. Hilderman, Howard J. Hamilton
目次情報:
続きを見る
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction / 1.：
KDD in a Nutshell / 1.1：
The Mining Step / 1.1.1：
The Interpretation and Evaluation Step / 1.1.2：
Objective of the Book / 1.2：
Background and Related Work / 2.：
Data Mining Techniques / 2.1：
Classification / 2.1.1：
Association / 2.1.2：
Clustering / 2.1.3：
Correlation / 2.1.4：
Other Techniques / 2.1.5：
Interestingness Measures / 2.2：
Rule Interest Function / 2.2.1：
J-Measure / 2.2.2：
Itemset Measures / 2.2.3：
Rule Templates / 2.2.4：
Projected Savings / 2.2.5：
I-Measures / 2.2.6：
Silbershatz and Tuzhilin's Interestingness / 2.2.7：
Kamber and Shinghal's Interestingness / 2.2.8：
Credibility / 2.2.9：
General Impressions / 2.2.10：
Distance Metric / 2.2.11：
Surprisingness / 2.2.12：
Gray and Orlowska's Interestingness / 2.2.13：
Dong and Li's Interestingness / 2.2.14：
Reliable Exceptions / 2.2.15：
Peculiarity / 2.2.16：
A Data Mining Technique / 3.：
Definitions / 3.1：
The Serial Algorithm / 3.2：
General Overview / 3.2.1：
Detailed Walkthrough / 3.2.2：
The Parallel Algorithm / 3.3：
Complexity Analysis / 3.3.1：
Attribute-Oriented Generalization / 3.4.1：
The All_Gen Algorithm / 3.4.2：
A Comparison with Commercial OLAP Systems / 3.5：
Heuristic Measures of Interestingness / 4.：
Diversity / 4.1：
Notation / 4.2：
The Sixteen Diversity Measures / 4.3：
The I[subscript Variance] Measure / 4.3.1：
The I[subscript Simpson] Measure / 4.3.2：
The I[subscript Shannon] Measure / 4.3.3：
The I[subscript Total] Measure / 4.3.4：
The I[subscript Max] Measure / 4.3.5：
The I[subscript McIntosh] Measure / 4.3.6：
The I[subscript Lorenz] Measure / 4.3.7：
The I[subscript Gini] Measure / 4.3.8：
The I[subscript Berger] Measure / 4.3.9：
The I[subscript Schutz] Measure / 4.3.10：
The I[subscript Bray] Measure / 4.3.11：
The I[subscript Whittaker] Measure / 4.3.12：
The I[subscript Kullback] Measure / 4.3.13：
The I[subscript MacArthur] Measure / 4.3.14：
The I[subscript Theil] Measure / 4.3.15：
The I[subscript Atkinson] Measure / 4.3.16：
An Interestingness Framework / 5.：
Interestingness Principles / 5.1：
Summary / 5.2：
Theorems and Proofs / 5.3：
Minimum Value Principle / 5.3.1：
Maximum Value Principle / 5.3.2：
Skewness Principle / 5.3.3：
Permutation Invariance Principle / 5.3.4：
Transfer Principle / 5.3.5：
Experimental Analyses / 6.：
Evaluation of the All_Gen Algorithm / 6.1：
Serial vs Parallel Performance / 6.1.1：
Speedup and Efficiency Improvements / 6.1.2：
Evaluation of the Sixteen Diversity Measures / 6.2：
Comparison of Assigned Ranks / 6.2.1：
Analysis of Ranking Similarities / 6.2.2：
Analysis of Summary Complexity / 6.2.3：
Distribution of Index Values / 6.2.4：
Conclusion / 7.：
Areas for Future Research / 7.1：
Appendices
Ranking Similarities
Summary Complexity
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
33.
図書
V. L. Cherginets
目次情報:
続きを見る
List of symbols
Introduction
Homogeneous acid-base equilibria and acidity scales in ionic melts / 1：
Definitions of acids and bases / Part 1：
Definitions of particles possessing acid or base properties / 1.1.1：
Definitions of solvents system / 1.1.2：
Hard and soft acids and bases (Pearson's concept) / 1.1.3：
Generalized definition of solvent system. Solvents of kinds I and II / 1.1.4：
Studies of homogeneous acid-base reactions in ionic melts / Part 2：
Features of high-temperature ionic solvents as media for Lux acid-base interactions / 1.2.1：
Methods of investigations / 1.2.2：
Ionic solvents based on alkali metal nitrates / 1.2.3：
Molten alkali metal sulfates / 1.2.4：
Silicate melts / 1.2.5：
KCl-NaCl equimolar mixture / 1.2.6：
Oxocompounds of chromium(VI) / 1.2.6.1：
Oxoacids of molybdenum(VI) / 1.2.6.2：
Oxocompounds of tungsten(VI) / 1.2.6.3：
Oxoacidic properties of phosphates / 1.2.6.4：
Oxoacids of vanadium(V) / 1.2.6.5：
Oxoacids of boron(III) / 1.2.6.6：
Acidic properties of Ge(IV) and Nb(V) oxocompounds / 1.2.6.7：
Molten KCl-LiCl (0.41:0.59) EUTECTIC / 1.2.7：
Molten NaI / 1.2.8：
Other alkaline-metal halides / 1.2.9：
Conclusion / 1.2.10：
Acid-base ranges in ionic melts. Estimation of relative acidic properties of ionic melts / Part 3：
The oxobasicity index as a measure of relative oxoacidic properties of high-temperature ionic solvents / 1.3.1：
Oxoacidity scales for melts based on alkali- and alkaline-earth metal halides / 1.3.2：
Oxygen electrodes in ionic melts. Oxide ion donors / 1.3.3：
Oxygen electrode reversibility in ionic melts / Part 4：
Potentiometric method of study of oxygen electrode reversibility / 2.4.1：
Direct calibration / 2.4.1.1：
Indirect calibration of oxygen electrodes / 2.4.1.2：
Experimental results / 2.4.2：
Oxygen-containing melts / 2.4.2.1：
Melts based on alkali metal halides / 2.4.2.2：
Melts based on alkali- and alkaline-earth halides / 2.4.2.3：
KCl-NaCl-NaF eutectic / 2.4.2.4：
Conclusions / 2.4.3：
Investigations of dissociation of Lux bases in ionic melts / Part 5：
Reactions of ionic melts with gases of acidic or base character / 2.5.1：
High-temperature hydrolysis of melts based on alkali metal halides / 2.5.1.1：
Purification of halide ionic melts from oxide-ion admixtures / 2.5.1.2：
Behaviour of Lux bases in ionic melts / 2.5.2：
Sodium peroxide, Na[subscript 2]O[subscript 2] / 2.5.2.1：
Alkali metal carbonates, Me[subscript 2]CO[subscript 3] / 2.5.2.2：
Alkali metal hydroxides, MeOH / 2.5.2.3：
Equilibria in "solid oxide-ionic melt" systems / 3：
Characteristics of oxide solubilities and methods of their determination / Part 6：
Parameters describing solubilities of solid substances in ionic solvents / 3.6.1：
Methods of oxide solubility determination / 3.6.2：
Isothermal saturation method / 3.6.2.1：
Potentiometric titration method / 3.6.2.2：
Sequential addition method / 3.6.2.3：
Regularities of oxide solubilities in melts based on alkali and alkaline-earth metal halides / Part 7：
Molten alkali-metal halides and their mixtures / 3.7.1：
KCl-LiCl (0.41:0.59) eutectic mixture / 3.7.1.1：
KCl-NaCl (0.50:0.50) equimolar mixture / 3.7.1.2：
CsCl-KCl-NaCl (0.455:0.245:0.30) eutectic / 3.7.1.3：
CsBr-KBr (0.66:0.34) melt / 3.7.1.4：
Molten CsI, 700[degree]C / 3.7.1.5：
Molten potassium halides / 3.7.1.6：
Other solvents based on alkali-metal halides / 3.7.1.7：
Oxide solubilities in melts based on alkali- and alkaline-earth metal halides / 3.7.2：
Solubilities of alkali earth metal carbonates in KCl-NaCl eutectic / 3.7.3：
Afterword / 3.7.4：
References
Formula Index
Subject Index
List of symbols
Introduction
Homogeneous acid-base equilibria and acidity scales in ionic melts / 1：
34.
図書
Larry L. Peterson & Bruce S. Davie
目次情報:
続きを見る
Foreword
Foreword to the First Edition
Preface / Chapter 1：
Foundation
Direct Link Networks / 1：
Problem: Building a Network / Chapter 3：
Packet Switching
Internetworking / 1.1：
Applications
End-to-End Protocols / Chapter 5：
Requirements / Chapter 6：
Congestion Control & Resource Allocation
End-to-end Data / 1.2.1：
Connectivity
Security / Chapter 8：
Cost-Effective Resource Sharing / Chapter 9：
Support for Common Services / 1.2.3：
Network Architecture / 1.3：
Layering and Protocols / 1.3.1：
OSI Architecture / 1.3.2：
Internet Architecture / 1.3.3：
Implementing Network Software / 1.4：
Application Programming Interface (Sockets) / 1.4.1：
Example Application / 1.4.2：
Protocol Implementation Issues / 1.4.3：
Performance / 1.5：
Bandwidth and Latency / 1.5.1：
Delay x Bandwidth Product / 1.5.2：
High-Speed Networks / 1.5.3：
Application Performance Needs / 1.5.4：
Summary / 1.6：
Open Issue: Ubiquitous Networking
Further Reading
Exercises
Problem: Physically Connecting Hosts / 2：
Hardware Building Blocks / 2.1：
Nodes / 2.1.1：
Links / 2.1.2：
Encoding (NRZ, NRZI, Manchester, 4B/5B) / 2.2：
Framing / 2.3：
Byte-Oriented Protocols (BISYNC, PPP, DDCMP) / 2.3.1：
Bit-Oriented Protocols (HDLC) / 2.3.2：
Clock-Based Framing (SONET) / 2.3.3：
Error Detection / 2.4：
Two-Dimensional Parity / 2.4.1：
Internet Checksum Algorithm / 2.4.2：
Cyclic Redundancy Check / 2.4.3：
Reliable Transmission / 2.5：
Stop-and-Wait / 2.5.1：
Sliding Window / 2.5.2：
Concurrent Logical Channels / 2.5.3：
Ethernet (802.3) / 2.6：
Physical Properties / 2.6.1：
Access Protocol / 2.6.2：
Experience with Ethernet / 2.6.3：
Token Rings (802.5, FDDI) / 2.7：
Token Ring Media Access Control / 2.7.1：
Token Ring Maintenance / 2.7.3：
Frame Format / 2.7.4：
FDDI / 2.7.5：
Wireless (802.11) / 2.8：
Collision Avoidance / 2.8.1：
Distribution System / 2.8.3：
Network Adaptors / 2.8.4：
Components / 2.9.1：
View from the Host / 2.9.2：
Memory Bottleneck / 2.9.3：
Open Issue: Does It Belong in Hardware? / 2.10：
Problem: Not All Networks Are Directly Connected / 3：
Switching and Forwarding / 3.1：
Datagrams / 3.1.1：
Virtual Circuit Switching / 3.1.2：
Source Routing / 3.1.3：
Bridges and LAN Switches / 3.2：
Learning Bridges / 3.2.1：
Spanning Tree Algorithm / 3.2.2：
Broadcast and Multicast / 3.2.3：
Limitations of Bridges / 3.2.4：
Cell Switching (ATM) / 3.3：
Cells / 3.3.1：
Segmentation and Reassembly / 3.3.2：
Virtual Paths / 3.3.3：
Physical Layers for ATM / 3.3.4：
ATM in the LAN / 3.3.5：
Implementation and Performance / 3.4：
Ports / 3.4.1：
Fabrics / 3.4.2：
Open Issue: The Future of ATM / 3.5：
Problem: There Is More Than One Network / 4：
Simple Internetworking (IP) / 4.1：
What Is an Internetwork? / 4.1.1：
Service Model / 4.1.2：
Global Addresses / 4.1.3：
Datagram Forwarding in IP / 4.1.4：
Address Translation (ARP) / 4.1.5：
Host Configuration (DHCP) / 4.1.6：
Error Reporting (ICMP) / 4.1.7：
Virtual Networks and Tunnels / 4.1.8：
Routing / 4.2：
Network as a Graph / 4.2.1：
Distance Vector (RIP) / 4.2.2：
Link State (OSPF) / 4.2.3：
Metrics / 4.2.4：
Routing for Mobile Hosts / 4.2.5：
Global Internet / 4.3：
Subnetting / 4.3.1：
Classless Routing (CIDR) / 4.3.2：
Interdomain Routing (BGP) / 4.3.3：
Routing Areas / 4.3.4：
IP Version 6 (IPv6) / 4.3.5：
Multicast / 4.4：
Link-State Multicast / 4.4.1：
Distance-Vector Multicast / 4.4.2：
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) / 4.4.3：
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) / 4.5：
Destination-Based Forwarding / 4.5.1：
Explicit Routing / 4.5.2：
Virtual Private Networks and Tunnels / 4.5.3：
Open Issue: Deployment of IPV6 / 4.6：
Problem: Getting Processess to Communicate / 5：
Simple Demultiplexer (UDP) / 5.1：
Reliable Byte Stream (TCP) / 5.2：
End-to-End Issues / 5.2.1：
Segment Format / 5.2.2：
Connection Establishment and Termination / 5.2.3：
Sliding Window Revisited / 5.2.4：
Triggering Transmission / 5.2.5：
Adaptive Retransmission / 5.2.6：
Record Boundaries / 5.2.7：
TCP Extensions / 5.2.8：
Alternative Design Choices / 5.2.9：
Remote Procedure Call / 5.3：
Bulk Transfer (BLAST) / 5.3.1：
Request/Reply (CHAN) / 5.3.2：
Dispatcher (SELECT) / 5.3.3：
Putting It All Together (SunRPC, DCE) / 5.3.4：
Open Issue: Application-Specific Protocols / 5.4：
Congestion Control and Resource Allocation / 6：
Problem: Allocating Resources
Issues in Resource Allocation / 6.1：
Network Model / 6.1.1：
Taxonomy / 6.1.2：
Evaluation Criteria / 6.1.3：
Queuing Disciplines / 6.2：
FIFO / 6.2.1：
Fair Queuing / 6.2.2：
TCP Congestion Control / 6.3：
Additive Increase/Multiplicative Decrease / 6.3.1：
Slow Start / 6.3.2：
Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery / 6.3.3：
Congestion-Avoidance Mechanisms / 6.4：
DECbit / 6.4.1：
Random Early Detection (RED) / 6.4.2：
Source-Based Congestion Avoidance / 6.4.3：
Quality of Service / 6.5：
Application Requirements / 6.5.1：
Integrated Services (RSVP) / 6.5.2：
Differentiated Services (EF, AF) / 6.5.3：
ATM Quality of Service / 6.5.4：
Equation-Based Congestion Control / 6.5.5：
Open Issue: Inside versus Outside the Network / 6.6：
End-to-End Data / 7：
Problem: What Do We Do with the Data?
Presentation Formatting / 7.1：
Examples (XDR, ASN. 1, NDR) / 7.1.1：
Markup Languages (XML) / 7.1.3：
Data Compression / 7.2：
Lossless Compression Algorithms / 7.2.1：
Image Compression (JPEG) / 7.2.2：
Video Compression (MPEG) / 7.2.3：
Transmitting MPEG over a Network / 7.2.4：
Audio Compression (MP3) / 7.2.5：
Open Issue: Computer Networks Meet Consumer Electronics / 7.3：
Network Security / 8：
Problem: Securing the Data
Cryptographic Algorithms / 8.1：
Secret Key Encryption (DES) / 8.1.1：
Public Key Encryption (RSA) / 8.1.3：
Message Digest Algorithms (MD5) / 8.1.4：
Security Mechanisms / 8.1.5：
Authentication Protocols / 8.2.1：
Message Integrity Protocols / 8.2.2：
Public Key Distribution (X.509) / 8.2.3：
Example Systems / 8.3：
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) / 8.3.1：
Secure Shell (SSH) / 8.3.2：
Transport Layer Security (TLS, SSL, HTTPS) / 8.3.3：
IP Security (IPSEC) / 8.3.4：
Firewalls / 8.4：
Filter-Based Firewalls / 8.4.1：
Proxy-Based Firewalls / 8.4.2：
Limitations / 8.4.3：
Open Issue: Denial-of-Service Attacks / 8.5：
Problem: Applications Need Their Own Protocols / 9：
Name Service (DNS) / 9.1：
Domain Hierarchy / 9.1.1：
Name Servers / 9.1.2：
Name Resolution / 9.1.3：
Traditional Applications / 9.2：
Electronic Mail (SMTP, MIME, IMAP) / 9.2.1：
World Wide Web (HTTP) / 9.2.2：
Network Management (SNMP) / 9.2.3：
Multimedia Applications / 9.3：
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) / 9.3.1：
Session Control and Call Control (SDP, SIP, H.323) / 9.3.2：
Overlay Networks / 9.4：
Routing Overlays / 9.4.1：
Peer-to-Peer Networks / 9.4.2：
Content Distribution Networks / 9.4.3：
Open Issue: New Network Artichitecture / 9.5：
Glossary
Bibliography
Solutions to Selected Exercises
Index
About the Authors
Foreword
Foreword to the First Edition
Preface / Chapter 1：
35.
図書
Gary E. Bowman
出版情報:
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008 xi, 208 p. ; 24 cm
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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Preface
Introduction: Three Worlds / 1：
Worlds 1 and 2 / 1.1：
World 3 / 1.2：
Problems / 1.3：
The Quantum Postulates / 2：
Postulate 1: The Quantum State / 2.1：
Postulate 2: Observables, Operators, and Eigenstates / 2.2：
Postulate 3: Quantum Superpositions / 2.3：
Discrete Eigenvalues / 2.3.1：
Continuous Eigenvalues / 2.3.2：
Closing Comments / 2.4：
What Is a Quantum State? / 2.5：
Probabilities, Averages, and Uncertainties / 3.1：
Probabilities / 3.1.1：
Averages / 3.1.2：
Uncertainties / 3.1.3：
The Statistical Interpretation / 3.2：
Bohr, Einstein, and Hidden Variables / 3.3：
Background / 3.3.1：
Fundamental Issues / 3.3.2：
Einstein Revisited / 3.3.3：
The Structure of Quantum States / 3.4：
Mathematical Preliminaries / 4.1：
Vector Spaces / 4.1.1：
Function Spaces / 4.1.2：
Dirac's Bra-ket Notation / 4.2：
Bras and Kets / 4.2.1：
Labeling States / 4.2.2：
The Scalar Product / 4.3：
Quantum Scalar Products / 4.3.1：
Discussion / 4.3.2：
Representations / 4.4：
Basics / 4.4.1：
Superpositions and Representations / 4.4.2：
Representational Freedom / 4.4.3：
Operators / 4.5：
Introductory Comments / 5.1：
Hermitian Operators / 5.2：
Adjoint Operators / 5.2.1：
Hermitian Operators: Definition and Properties / 5.2.2：
Wavefunctions and Hermitian Operators / 5.2.3：
Projection and Identity Operators / 5.3：
Projection Operators / 5.3.1：
The Identity Operator / 5.3.2：
Unitary Operators / 5.4：
Matrix Mechanics / 5.5：
Elementary Matrix Operations / 6.1：
Vectors and Scalar Products / 6.1.1：
Matrices and Matrix Multiplication / 6.1.2：
Vector Transformations / 6.1.3：
States as Vectors / 6.2：
Operators as Matrices / 6.3：
An Operator in Its Eigenbasis / 6.3.1：
Matrix Elements and Alternative Bases / 6.3.2：
Change of Basis / 6.3.3：
Adjoint, Hermitian, and Unitary Operators / 6.3.4：
Eigenvalue Equations / 6.4：
Commutators and Uncertainty Relations / 6.5：
The Commutator / 7.1：
Definition and Characteristics / 7.1.1：
Commutators in Matrix Mechanics / 7.1.2：
The Uncertainty Relations / 7.2：
Uncertainty Products / 7.2.1：
General Form of the Uncertainty Relations / 7.2.2：
Interpretations / 7.2.3：
Reflections / 7.2.4：
Angular Momentum / 7.3：
Angular Momentum in Classical Mechanics / 8.1：
Basics of Quantum Angular Momentum / 8.2：
Operators and Commutation Relations / 8.2.1：
Eigenstates and Eigenvalues / 8.2.2：
Raising and Lowering Operators / 8.2.3：
Physical Interpretation / 8.3：
Measurements / 8.3.1：
Relating L[superscript 2] and L[subscript z] / 8.3.2：
Orbital and Spin Angular Momentum / 8.4：
Orbital Angular Momentum / 8.4.1：
Spin Angular Momentum / 8.4.2：
Review / 8.5：
The Time-Independent Schrodinger Equation / 8.6：
An Eigenvalue Equation for Energy / 9.1：
Using the Schrodinger Equation / 9.2：
Conditions on Wavefunctions / 9.2.1：
An Example: the Infinite Potential Well / 9.2.2：
Interpretation / 9.3：
Energy Eigenstates in Position Space / 9.3.1：
Overall and Relative Phases / 9.3.2：
Potential Barriers and Tunneling / 9.4：
The Step Potential / 9.4.1：
The Step Potential and Scattering / 9.4.2：
Tunneling / 9.4.3：
What's Wrong with This Picture? / 9.5：
Why Is the State Complex? / 9.6：
Complex Numbers / 10.1：
Polar Form / 10.1.1：
Argand Diagrams and the Role of the Phase / 10.1.3：
The Phase in Quantum Mechanics / 10.2：
Phases and the Description of States / 10.2.1：
Phase Changes and Probabilities / 10.2.2：
Unitary Operators Revisited / 10.2.3：
Unitary Operators, Phases, and Probabilities / 10.2.4：
Example: A Spin 1/2 System / 10.2.5：
Wavefunctions / 10.3：
Time Evolution / 10.4：
The Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation / 11.1：
How Time Evolution Works / 11.2：
Time Evolving a Quantum State / 11.2.1：
Unitarity and Phases Revisited / 11.2.2：
Expectation Values / 11.3：
Time Derivatives / 11.3.1：
Constants of the Motion / 11.3.2：
Energy-Time Uncertainty Relations / 11.4：
Conceptual Basis / 11.4.1：
Spin 1/2: An Example / 11.4.2：
What is a Wavefunction? / 11.5：
Eigenstates and Coefficients / 12.1.1：
Representations and Operators / 12.1.2：
Changing Representations / 12.2：
Change of Basis Revisited / 12.2.1：
From x to p and Back Again / 12.2.2：
Gaussians and Beyond / 12.2.3：
Phases and Time Evolution / 12.3：
Free Particle Evolution / 12.3.1：
Wavepackets / 12.3.2：
Bra-ket Notation / 12.4：
Quantum States / 12.4.1：
Eigenstates and Transformations / 12.4.2：
Epilogue / 12.5：
Mathematical Concepts / 12.6：
Complex Numbers and Functions / A.1：
Differentiation / A.2：
Integration / A.3：
Differential Equations / A.4：
Quantum Measurement / B：
The Harmonic Oscillator / C：
Energy Eigenstates and Eigenvalues / C.1：
The Number Operator and its Cousins / C.2：
Photons as Oscillators / C.3：
Unitary Transformations / D：
Finite Transformations and Generators / D.1：
Continuous Symmetries / D.3：
Symmetry Transformations / D.3.1：
Symmetries of Physical Law / D.3.2：
System Symmetries / D.3.3：
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Introduction: Three Worlds / 1：
Worlds 1 and 2 / 1.1：
36.
図書
Boris Mirkin
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
List of Denotations
Introduction: Historical Remarks
What Is Clustering / 1：
Base words
Exemplary problems / 1.1：
Structuring / 1.1.1：
Description / 1.1.2：
Association / 1.1.3：
Generalization / 1.1.4：
Visualization of data structure / 1.1.5：
Bird's-eye view / 1.2：
Definition: data and cluster structure / 1.2.1：
Criteria for revealing a cluster structure / 1.2.2：
Three types of cluster description / 1.2.3：
Stages of a clustering application / 1.2.4：
Clustering and other disciplines / 1.2.5：
Different perspectives of clustering / 1.2.6：
What Is Data / 2：
Feature characteristics / 2.1：
Feature scale types / 2.1.1：
Quantitative case / 2.1.2：
Categorical case / 2.1.3：
Bivariate analysis / 2.2：
Two quantitative variables / 2.2.1：
Nominal and quantitative variables / 2.2.2：
Two nominal variables cross-classified / 2.2.3：
Relation between correlation and contingency / 2.2.4：
Meaning of correlation / 2.2.5：
Feature space and data scatter / 2.3：
Data matrix / 2.3.1：
Feature space: distance and inner product / 2.3.2：
Data scatter / 2.3.3：
Pre-processing and standardizing mixed data / 2.4：
Other table data types / 2.5：
Dissimilarity and similarity data / 2.5.1：
Contingency and flow data / 2.5.2：
K-Means Clustering / 3：
Conventional K-Means / 3.1：
Straight K-Means / 3.1.1：
Square error criterion / 3.1.2：
Incremental versions of K-Means / 3.1.3：
Initialization of K-Means / 3.2：
Traditional approaches to initial setting / 3.2.1：
MaxMin for producing deviate centroids / 3.2.2：
Deviate centroids with Anomalous pattern / 3.2.3：
Intelligent K-Means / 3.3：
Iterated Anomalous pattern for iK-Means / 3.3.1：
Cross validation of iK-Means results / 3.3.2：
Interpretation aids / 3.4：
Conventional interpretation aids / 3.4.1：
Contribution and relative contribution tables / 3.4.2：
Cluster representatives / 3.4.3：
Measures of association from ScaD tables / 3.4.4：
Overall assessment / 3.5：
Ward Hierarchical Clustering / 4：
Agglomeration: Ward algorithm / 4.1：
Divisive clustering with Ward criterion / 4.2：
2-Means splitting / 4.2.1：
Splitting by separating / 4.2.2：
Interpretation aids for upper cluster hierarchies / 4.2.3：
Conceptual clustering / 4.3：
Extensions of Ward clustering / 4.4：
Agglomerative clustering with dissimilarity data / 4.4.1：
Hierarchical clustering for contingency and flow data / 4.4.2：
Data Recovery Models / 4.5：
Statistics modeling as data recovery / 5.1：
Averaging / 5.1.1：
Linear regression / 5.1.2：
Principal component analysis / 5.1.3：
Correspondence factor analysis / 5.1.4：
Data recovery model for K-Means / 5.2：
Equation and data scatter decomposition / 5.2.1：
Contributions of clusters, features, and individual entities / 5.2.2：
Correlation ratio as contribution / 5.2.3：
Partition contingency coefficients / 5.2.4：
Data recovery models for Ward criterion / 5.3：
Data recovery models with cluster hierarchies / 5.3.1：
Covariances, variances and data scatter decomposed / 5.3.2：
Direct proof of the equivalence between 2-Means and Ward criteria / 5.3.3：
Gower's controversy / 5.3.4：
Extensions to other data types / 5.4：
Similarity and attraction measures compatible with K-Means and Ward criteria / 5.4.1：
Application to binary data / 5.4.2：
Agglomeration and aggregation of contingency data / 5.4.3：
Extension to multiple data / 5.4.4：
One-by-one clustering / 5.5：
PCA and data recovery clustering / 5.5.1：
Divisive Ward-like clustering / 5.5.2：
Iterated Anomalous pattern / 5.5.3：
Anomalous pattern versus Splitting / 5.5.4：
One-by-one clusters for similarity data / 5.5.5：
Different Clustering Approaches / 5.6：
Extensions of K-Means clustering / 6.1：
Clustering criteria and implementation / 6.1.1：
Partitioning around medoids PAM / 6.1.2：
Fuzzy clustering / 6.1.3：
Regression-wise clustering / 6.1.4：
Mixture of distributions and EM algorithm / 6.1.5：
Kohonen self-organizing maps SOM / 6.1.6：
Graph-theoretic approaches / 6.2：
Single linkage, minimum spanning tree and connected components / 6.2.1：
Finding a core / 6.2.2：
Conceptual description of clusters / 6.3：
False positives and negatives / 6.3.1：
Conceptually describing a partition / 6.3.2：
Describing a cluster with production rules / 6.3.3：
Comprehensive conjunctive description of a cluster / 6.3.4：
General Issues / 6.4：
Feature selection and extraction / 7.1：
A review / 7.1.1：
Comprehensive description as a feature selector / 7.1.2：
Comprehensive description as a feature extractor / 7.1.3：
Data pre-processing and standardization / 7.2：
Dis/similarity between entities / 7.2.1：
Pre-processing feature based data / 7.2.2：
Data standardization / 7.2.3：
Similarity on subsets and partitions / 7.3：
Dis/similarity between binary entities or subsets / 7.3.1：
Dis/similarity between partitions / 7.3.2：
Dealing with missing data / 7.4：
Imputation as part of pre-processing / 7.4.1：
Conditional mean / 7.4.2：
Maximum likelihood / 7.4.3：
Least-squares approximation / 7.4.4：
Validity and reliability / 7.5：
Index based validation / 7.5.1：
Resampling for validation and selection / 7.5.2：
Model selection with resampling / 7.5.3：
Conclusion: Data Recovery Approach in Clustering / 7.6：
Bibliography
Index
Preface
List of Denotations
Introduction: Historical Remarks
37.
図書
Ubbo Visser
目次情報:
続きを見る
Introduction and Related Work / Part I：
Introduction / 1：
Semantic Web Vision / 1.1：
Research Topics / 1.2：
Search on the Web / 1.3：
Integration Tasks / 1.4：
Organization / 1.5：
Related Work / 2：
Approaches for Terminological Representation and Reasoning / 2.1：
The Role of Ontologies / 2.1.1：
Use of Mappings / 2.1.2：
Approaches for Spatial Representation and Reasoning / 2.2：
Spatial Representation / 2.2.1：
Spatial Reasoning / 2.2.2：
More Approaches / 2.2.3：
Approaches for Temporal Representation and Reasoning / 2.3：
Temporal Theories Based on Time Points / 2.3.1：
Temporal Theories Based on Intervals / 2.3.2：
Summary of Recent Approaches / 2.3.3：
Evaluation of Approaches / 2.4：
Terminological Approaches / 2.4.1：
Spatial Approaches / 2.4.2：
Temporal Approaches / 2.4.3：
The Buster Approach for Terminological, Spatial, and Temporal Representation and Reasoning / Part II：
General Approach of Buster / 3：
Requirements / 3.1：
Conceptual Architecture / 3.2：
Query Phase / 3.2.1：
Acquisition Phase / 3.2.2：
Comprehensive Source Description / 3.3：
The Dublin Core Elements / 3.3.1：
Additional Element Descriptions / 3.3.2：
Background Models / 3.3.3：
Example / 3.3.4：
Relevance / 3.4：
Terminological Representation and Reasoning, Semantic Translation / 4：
Representation / 4.1：
Reasoning / 4.1.2：
Integration/Translation on the Data Level / 4.1.3：
Representation and Reasoning Components / 4.2：
Ontologies / 4.2.1：
Description Logics / 4.2.2：
Reasoning Components / 4.2.3：
Semantic Translation / 4.3：
Context Transformation by Rules / 4.3.1：
Context Transformation by Re-classification / 4.3.2：
Example: Translation ATKIS-CORINE Land Cover / 4.4：
Spatial Representation and Reasoning / 5：
Intuitive Spatial Labeling / 5.1：
Place Names, Gazetteers and Footprints / 5.1.2：
Place Name Structures / 5.1.3：
Spatial Relevance / 5.1.4：
Polygonal Tessellation / 5.1.5：
Place Names / 5.2.2：
Spatial Relevance Reasoning / 5.2.3：
Temporal Representation and Reasoning / 5.4：
Intuitive Labeling / 6.1：
Time Interval Boundaries / 6.1.2：
Structures / 6.1.3：
Explicit Qualitative Relations / 6.1.4：
Period Names / 6.2：
Boundaries / 6.2.3：
Relations / 6.2.4：
Temporal Relevance / 6.3：
Distance Between Time Intervals / 6.3.1：
Overlapping of Time Periods / 6.3.2：
Relations Between Boundaries / 6.4：
Relations Between Two Time Periods / 6.4.2：
Relations Between More Than Two Time Periods / 6.4.3：
Qualitative Statements / 6.5：
Quantitative Statements / 6.5.2：
Inconsistencies (Quantitative/Qualitative) / 6.5.3：
Inconsistencies (Reasoner Implicit/Qualitative) / 6.5.4：
Inconsistencies (Qualitative/Quantitative) / 6.5.5：
Implementation, Conclusion, and Future Work / Part III：
Implementation Issues and System Demonstration / 7：
Architecture / 7.1：
Single Queries / 7.2：
Terminological Queries / 7.2.1：
Spatial Queries / 7.2.2：
Temporal Queries / 7.2.3：
Combined Queries / 7.3：
Spatio-terminological Queries / 7.3.1：
Temporal-Terminological Queries / 7.3.2：
Spatio-temporal-terminological Queries / 7.3.3：
Conclusion and Future Work / 8：
Conclusion / 8.1：
Semantic Web / 8.1.1：
BUSTER Approach and System / 8.1.2：
Future Work / 8.2：
Terminological Part / 8.2.1：
Spatial Part / 8.2.2：
Temporal Part / 8.2.3：
References
Introduction and Related Work / Part I：
Introduction / 1：
Semantic Web Vision / 1.1：
38.
図書
Alexander Vasilʹev
目次情報:
続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Moduli of Families of Curves and Extremal Partitions / 2：
Simple definition and properties of the modulus / 2.1：
Definition / 2.1.1：
Properties / 2.1.2：
Examples / 2.1.3：
Grötzsch lemmas / 2.1.4：
Exercises / 2.1.5：
Reduced moduli and capacity / 2.2：
Reduced modulus / 2.2.1：
Capacity and transfinite diameter / 2.2.2：
Digons, triangles and their reduced moduli / 2.2.3：
Elliptic functions and integrals / 2.3：
Elliptic functions / 2.3.1：
Elliptic integrals and JacobiÆs functions / 2.3.2：
Some frequently used moduli / 2.4：
Moduli of doubly connected domains / 2.4.1：
Moduli of quadrilaterals / 2.4.2：
Reduced moduli / 2.4.3：
Reduced moduli of digons / 2.4.4：
Symmetrization and polarization / 2.5：
Circular symmetrization / 2.5.1：
Polarization / 2.5.2：
Quadratic differentials on Riemann surfaces / 2.6：
Riemann surfaces / 2.6.1：
Quadratic differentials / 2.6.2：
Local trajectory structure / 2.6.3：
Trajectory structure in the large / 2.6.4：
Free families of homotopy classes of curves and extremal par- titions / 2.7：
The case of ring domains and quadrangles / 2.7.1：
The case of circular, strip domains, and triangles / 2.7.2：
Continuous and differentiable moduli / 2.7.3：
Moduli in Extremal Problems for Conformal Mapping / 3：
Classical extremal problems for univalent functions / 3.1：
Koebe set, growth, distortion / 3.1.1：
Lower boundary curve for the range of ( / 3.1.2：
Special moduli / 3.1.3：
Upper boundary curve for the range of ( / 3.1.4：
Two-point distortion for univalent functions / 3.2：
Bounded univalent functions / 3.2.1：
Elementary estimates / 3.3.1：
Boundary curve for the range of ( / 3.3.2：
Montel functions / 3.4：
Covering theorems / 3.4.1：
Distortion at the points of normalization / 3.4.2：
The range of ( / 3.4.3：
Univalent functions with the angular derivatives / 3.5：
Estimates of the angular derivatives / 3.5.1：
Moduli in Extremal Problems for Quasiconformal Mapping / 3.5.2：
General information and simple extremal problems / 4.1：
Quasiconformal mappings of Riemann surfaces / 4.1.1：
Growth and Hölder continuity / 4.1.2：
Quasiconformal motion of a quadruple of points / 4.1.3：
Two-point distortion for quasiconformal maps of the plane / 4.2：
Special differentials and extremal partitions / 4.2.1：
Quasisymmetric functions and the extremal maps / 4.2.2：
Boundary parameterization / 4.2.3：
The class QK . Estimations of functionals / 4.2.4：
Conclusions and unsolved problems / 4.2.5：
Two-point distortion for quasiconformal maps of the unit disk / 4.3：
Extremal problems / 4.3.1：
Moduli on Teichmüller Spaces / 5：
Some information on Teichmüller spaces / 5.1：
Moduli on Teichmüller spaces / 5.2：
Variational formulae / 5.2.1：
Three lemmas / 5.2.2：
Harmonic properties of the moduli / 5.3：
Descriptions of the Teichmüller metric / 5.4：
Invariant metrics / 5.5：
References
List of symbols
Index
Introduction / 1：
Moduli of Families of Curves and Extremal Partitions / 2：
Simple definition and properties of the modulus / 2.1：
39.
図書
Katsunori Muraoka, Mitsuo Maeda ; [English translation by Mark Bowden]
出版情報:
Philadelphia : Institute of Physics Pub., c2001 x, 295 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:
Plasma physics series
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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Foreword
Fundamentals / Part I：
Laser-Aided Diagnostics of Gases and Plasmas / 1：
Properties of Gases / 1.1：
Classification of Gaseous States / 1.1.1：
Fundamental Parameters used to describe Gases / 1.1.2：
Properties of Plasmas / 1.2：
Different Areas of Plasma Applications / 1.2.1：
Fundamental Parameters used to describe Plasmas / 1.2.2：
Summary / 1.2.3：
Different States of Matter and their Kinetic Properties / 1.3：
Characteristics of Laser Light / 1.4：
Coherence / 1.4.1：
Short Pulse Generation / 1.4.2：
Advantages of Laser-Aided Measurement Methods / 1.5：
References
Basic Principles of Different Laser-Aided Measurement Techniques / 2：
Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with Single Particles / 2.1：
Thomson Scattering by Charged Particles / 2.1.1：
Mie and Rayleigh Scattering / 2.1.2：
Raman Scattering / 2.1.3：
Resonant Absorption / 2.1.4：
Photo-Ionization / 2.1.5：
Laser Propagation through Gases and Plasmas / 2.2：
Reflection / 2.2.1：
Transmission / 2.2.2：
Refraction / 2.2.3：
Scattering / 2.2.4：
Spectral Profile Measurements / 2.2.5：
Summary of Line Broadening Mechanisms / 2.3.1：
Examples of Spectral Widths / 2.3.2：
Spectral Profile Measurement Techniques / 2.3.3：
Hardware for Laser Measurements / 3：
Lasers / 3.1：
Overview of Laser Systems / 3.1.1：
Control of Laser Light / 3.1.2：
Gas Lasers / 3.1.3：
Solid-State and Semiconductor Diode Lasers / 3.1.4：
Tunable Lasers / 3.1.5：
Nonlinear Wavelength Conversion Devices / 3.2：
Nonlinear Optical Effects / 3.2.1：
Higher Harmonic Generation and Frequency Mixing / 3.2.2：
Optical Parametric Oscillators / 3.2.3：
Stimulated Scattering / 3.2.4：
Optical Elements and Optical Instruments / 3.3：
Dispersion Elements and Spectrometers / 3.3.1：
Interferometers / 3.3.2：
Optical Waveguides / 3.3.3：
Other Optical Elements / 3.3.4：
Detectors and Signal Processing / 3.4：
Light Detectors / 3.4.1：
Imaging Detectors / 3.4.2：
Noise Sources and Signal Recovery / 3.4.3：
Observation of Fast Waveforms / 3.4.4：
Applications and Measurements / Part II：
Plasma Measurements / 4：
Overview of Plasma Spectroscopic Methods / 4.1：
Laser-Aided Measurements in High-Temperature Plasmas / 4.2：
Measurement of Plasma Density and Temperature / 4.2.1：
Measurement of Density and Temperature of Neutral and Impurity Species / 4.2.2：
Measurement of Electric and Magnetic Fields and Plasma Fluctuations / 4.2.3：
Laser-Aided Measurements in Discharge Plasmas / 4.3：
Measurement of Electric Field / 4.3.1：
Measurement of Electron Density and Temperature / 4.3.2：
Measurement of Reaction Products / 4.3.3：
Combustion Measurements / 5：
Combustion Fields and Laser-Aided Measurements / 5.1：
Measurement of Particle Densities / 5.1.1：
Measurement of Temperature / 5.1.2：
Measurement of Velocity / 5.1.3：
Examples of Combustion Measurements / 5.2：
Measurements by Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy / 5.2.1：
Measurements by Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy / 5.2.2：
Measurements by Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing / 5.2.3：
Measurements in Gas Flow Systems / 6：
Measurement of Refractive Index Changes (Density Measurements) / 6.1：
Schlieren Method / 6.1.1：
Shadowgraphy / 6.1.2：
Interferometry / 6.1.3：
Holography / 6.1.4：
Measurement of Flow Velocity / 6.2：
Measurement Techniques / 6.2.1：
Examples of Measurements / 6.2.2：
Imaging of Gas Flows by Laser-Induced Fluorescence / 6.3：
Measurement of Density Distributions / 6.3.1：
Measurement of Temperature Distributions / 6.3.2：
Laser Processing Measurements / 7：
Laser Processing / 7.1：
Measurement Methods in Laser Processing / 7.2：
Different Methods and their Advantages / 7.2.1：
Detection of Atomic and Molecular Species / 7.2.2：
Examples of Laser Processing Measurements / 7.3：
Measurements of Laser CVD Processes / 7.3.1：
Measurements of Laser Ablation Processes / 7.3.2：
Analytical Chemistry / 8：
Analytical Chemistry and Laser Spectroscopy / 8.1：
Examples of Analysis using Laser Spectroscopic Techniques / 8.2：
Analysis using Laser Raman Spectroscopy / 8.2.1：
Analysis using Laser-Induced Emission Spectroscopy / 8.2.2：
Analysis using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy / 8.2.3：
Analysis using Laser Ionization Spectroscopy / 8.2.4：
Analysis using Laser Photothermal Spectroscopy / 8.2.5：
Remote Sensing / 9：
LIDAR and Monitoring of the Atmosphere / 9.1：
LIDAR Theory / 9.1.1：
Different LIDAR Techniques / 9.1.2：
Representative LIDAR Experiments / 9.2：
Mie Scattering LIDAR / 9.2.1：
Rayleigh Scattering LIDAR / 9.2.2：
Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) / 9.2.3：
Raman LIDAR / 9.2.4：
Index
Foreword
Fundamentals / Part I：
Laser-Aided Diagnostics of Gases and Plasmas / 1：
40.
図書
Igor Nikolaev
目次情報:
続きを見る
Index of Notation
Foliations on 2-Manifolds / 0：
Notations / 0.1：
Examples / 0.2：
Smooth Functions / 0.2.1：
1-Forms / 0.2.2：
Line Elements / 0.2.3：
Curvature Lines / 0.2.4：
A-Diffeomorphisms / 0.2.5：
Constructions / 0.3：
Suspension / 0.3.1：
Measured Foliations / 0.3.2：
Affine Foliations / 0.3.3：
Labyrinths / 0.3.4：
Gluing Together / 0.3.5：
General Theory / Part I：
Local Theory / 1：
Introduction / 1.1：
Symmetry / 1.2：
Normal Forms / 1.3：
Typical Normal Forms / 1.3.1：
Degenerate Normal Forms / 1.3.2：
Structurally Stable Singularities / 1.4：
Blowing-up Method / 1.4.1：
Fundamental Lemma / 1.4.2：
Classification / 1.4.3：
Bifurcations / 1.5：
Morse-Smale Foliations / 2：
Rough Foliations / 2.1：
Main Theorem / 2.1.1：
Structural Stability / 2.1.2：
Density / 2.1.3：
Classification of Morse-Smale Foliations / 2.2：
Rotation Systems / 2.2.1：
Equivalence Criterion / 2.2.2：
Realization of the Graphs / 2.2.3：
Example / 2.2.4：
Gradient-like Foliations / 2.3：
Lyapunov Function / 2.3.1：
Lyapunov Graph / 2.3.2：
Connected Components of Morse-Smale Foliations / 2.4：
Degrees of Stability / 2.5：
Foliations Without Holonomy / 3：
Periodic Components / 3.1：
Quasiminimal Sets / 3.2：
Structure of a Quasiminimal Set / 3.2.1：
Blowing-Down / 3.2.2：
Decomposition / 3.3：
Surgery / 3.4：
Surgery of Labyrinths / 3.4.1：
Surgery of Measured Foliations / 3.4.2：
Number of Quasiminimal Sets / 3.5：
Application: Smoothing Theorem / 3.6：
Invariants of Foliations / 4：
Torus / 4.1：
Minimal Foliations / 4.1.1：
Foliations With a Cantor Minimal Set / 4.1.2：
Foliations With Cherry Cells / 4.1.3：
Analytic Classification / 4.1.4：
Homotopy Rotation Class / 4.2：
Surfaces of Genus g ≥ 2 / 4.2.1：
Properties of the Homotopy Rotation Class / 4.2.2：
Non Orientable Surfaces / 4.3：
Torus With the Cross-Cap / 4.3.1：
Surfaces of Genus p ≥ 4 / 4.3.2：
Discrete Invariants / 4.4：
Regular Foliations on the Sphere / 4.4.1：
Orbit Complex / 4.4.2：
Cells / 4.5：
Classification of Elementary Cells / 4.5.2：
Amalgamation of Elementary Cells / 4.5.3：
Conley-Lyapunov-Peixoto Graph / 4.5.4：
Foliations With Symmetry / 4.5.5：
Cayley Graph / 4.6.1：
Isomorphism / 4.6.2：
Realization / 4.6.3：
Homology and Cohomology Invariants / 4.7：
Asymptotic Cycles / 4.7.1：
Fundamental Class / 4.7.2：
Cycles of A. Zorich / 4.7.3：
Smooth Classification / 4.8：
Torus and Klein Bottle / 4.8.1：
Surfaces of Genus g ≥ 2 / 4.8.2：
Curves on Surfaces / 5：
Curves and the Absolute / 5.1：
Background / 5.1.1：
Proof of Weil's Conjectures / 5.1.3：
Theorems of D. V. Anosov / 5.1.4：
Asymptotic Directions / 5.2：
Of Recurrent Semi-Trajectory / 5.2.1：
Of Analytic Flow / 5.2.2：
Of Foliation / 5.2.3：
Of Curves With Restriction on the Geodesic Curvature / 5.2.4：
Approximation of a Curve / 5.3：
Limit Sets at the Absolute / 5.4：
Geodesic Deviation / 5.5：
Deviation Property of Trajectories / 5.5.1：
Deviation From the Geodesic Framework / 5.5.2：
Ramified Coverings / 5.5.3：
Swing of Trajectories / 5.5.4：
Unbounded Deviation / 5.6：
Irrational Direction on Torus / 5.6.1：
Rational Direction on Torus / 5.6.3：
Family of Curves / 5.7：
Non-compact Surfaces / 6：
Foliations in the Plane / 6.1：
Non Singular Case / 6.1.1：
Singular Case / 6.1.2：
Level Set of Harmonic Functions / 6.1.3：
Depth of the Centre / 6.2：
Minimal Sets / 6.3.2：
Minimal Flows / 6.3.3：
Transitive Flows / 6.3.4：
Applications / Part II：
Ergodic Theory / 7：
Existence of Invariant Measures / 7.1：
Liouville's Theorem / 7.2.1：
Ergodicity / 7.2.2：
Mixing / 7.3.1：
Entropy / 7.4.1：
Homeomorphisms of the Unit Circle / 8：
Denjoy Flow / 8.1：
Cherry Class / 8.2：
Cherry Example / 8.2.1：
Flows With One Cell / 8.2.2：
Flows With Several Cells / 8.2.3：
Foliations on the Sphere / 8.3：
Main Result / 8.3.1：
Application to the Labyrinths / 8.3.3：
Appendix: The Dulac Functions / 8.3.4：
Addendum: Bendixson's Theorem / 8.4：
Diffeomorphisms of Surfaces / 9：
A-diffeomorphisms / 9.1：
Attractors of R. V. Plykin / 9.1.1：
One-Dimensional Basic Sets on the Sphere / 9.1.2：
Surfaces of Genus g ≥ 1 / 9.1.3：
Singularity Data / 9.2：
Isotopy Classes of Diffeomorphisms / 9.3：
C*-Algebras / 10：
Irrational Rotation Algebra / 10.1：
Dimension Groups / 10.1.1：
Continued Fractions / 10.1.2：
Effros-Shen's Theorem / 10.1.3：
Projections of Aα / 10.1.4：
Morita Equivalence / 10.1.5：
Embedding of Aα / 10.1.6：
Artin Rotation Algebra / 10.2：
Approximationssatz / 10.2.1：
Artin Numbers / 10.2.2：
K Theory / 10.2.3：
Foliation With Reeb Components / 10.3.1：
Baum-Connes Conjecture / 10.3.2：
C* -Algebras of Morse-Smale Flows / 10.4：
Quadratic Differentials / 11：
Finite Critical Points / 11.1：
Pole of Order 2 / 11.2.3：
Higher Order Poles / 11.2.4：
Global Behaviour of the Trajectories / 11.3：
Flat Structures / 12：
Flat Metric With Cone Singularities / 12.1：
Classification of Closed Flat Surfaces / 12.1.1：
Connection With Quadratic Differentials and Measured Foliations / 12.2：
Rational Billiards / 12.3：
Veech Dichotomy / 12.4：
Principal Curvature Lines / 13：
Invariants of the 2-Jets / 13.1：
Stability Lemma / 13.1.3：
Classification of Simple Umbilics / 13.1.4：
Carathéodory Conjecture / 13.2：
ϕ-Geodesics / 13.2.1：
CMC-Surfaces / 13.2.3：
Proof of Theorem 13.2.1 / 13.2.4：
Elements of Global Theory / 13.3：
Bifurcation of Umbilical Connections / 13.3.1：
Differential Equations / 14：
Characteristic Curve / 14.1：
Background and Notations / 14.1.1：
Theorem of Hartman and Wintner / 14.1.2：
Generic Singularities / 14.2：
Theorem of A. G. Kuzmin / 14.2.2：
Positive Differential 2-Forms / 15：
Space of Forms / 15.1：
Stable Subspace / 15.3.1：
Theorem of V. Guinez / 15.3.2：
Control Theory / B. Piccoli16：
Optimal Control / 16.1：
Optimal Flows / 16.3：
Generic Optimal Flows on the Plane / 16.4：
Optimal Flows on 2 Manifolds / 16.5：
Appendix / Part III：
Riemann Surfaces / 17：
Uniformization Theorem / 17.1：
Discrete Groups / 17.2：
Möbius Transformations / 17.2.1：
Fuchsian Group / 17.2.2：
Limit Set of Fuchsian Groups / 17.2.3：
Modular Group / 17.2.4：
Teichmuller Space / 17.2.5：
Conformal Invariants / 17.3.1：
Quasiconformal Mappings / 17.3.2：
Beltrami Equation / 17.3.3：
Ahlfors-Bers' Theorem / 17.3.4：
Geometry of Quadratic Differentials / 17.3.5：
Associated Metric / 17.3.6：
Isothermal Coordinates / 17.3.7：
Complex Curves / 17.4：
Projective Curves / 17.4.1：
Degree-Genus Formula / 17.4.2：
Elliptic Curves / 17.4.3：
Divisors and the Riemann-Roch Theorem / 17.4.4：
Application: Dimension of the Teichmuller Space / 17.4.5：
Bibliography
Index
Index of Notation
Foliations on 2-Manifolds / 0：
Notations / 0.1：
41.
図書
Manolis Koubarakis ... [et al.]
目次情報:
続きを見る
Introduction / Manolis Koubarakis ; Timos Sellis1：
Why Spatio-temporal Databases? / 1.1：
Chorochronos / 1.2：
Contributions / 1.3：
Organization of the Book / 1.4：
References
Ontology for Spatio-temporal Databases / Andrew U. Frank2：
Ontology to Drive Information System Design / 2.1：
Ontological Problems of Geographic Information Systems and Other Spatio-temporal Information Systems / 2.1.2：
Structure of the Chapter / 2.1.3：
The Notion of Ontology / 2.2：
Classical View / 2.2.1：
Social Reality / 2.2.2：
Application Domains / 2.3：
Table-Top Situation / 2.3.1：
Cityscape / 2.3.2：
Geographic Landscape / 2.3.3：
Model of Information Systems / 2.4：
Information Systems as Vehicles of Exchange between Multiple Agents / 2.4.1：
Correctness of Information System Related to Observations / 2.4.2：
Semantics for Terms in Information Systems / 2.4.3：
Grounding of Semantics in Physical Operations / 2.4.4：
The Five Tiers of the Ontology / 2.5：
Physical Reality Seen as an Ontology of a Four-Dimensional Field / 2.5.1：
Observation of Physical Reality / 2.5.2：
Operations and Ontology of Individuals / 2.5.3：
Social Ontology / 2.5.4：
Ontology of Cognitive Agents / 2.5.5：
The Language to Describe the Ontology / 2.6：
Tools to Implement Ontologies / 2.6.1：
Multi-agent Systems and Formalization of Database Ontologies / 2.6.2：
Ontological Tier 0: Ontology of the Physical Reality / 2.7：
Properties / 2.7.1：
Physical Space-Time Field / 2.7.2：
Ontological Tier 1: Our Limited Knowledge of the World through Observations of Reality / 2.8：
Observations / 2.8.1：
Measurement Units / 2.8.2：
Classification of Values / 2.8.3：
Special Observations: Points in Space and Time / 2.8.4：
Approximate Location / 2.8.5：
Discretization and Sampling / 2.8.6：
Virtual Datasets: Validity of Values / 2.8.7：
Ontological Tier 2: Representation - World of Individual Objects / 2.9：
Objects Are Defined by Uniform Properties / 2.9.1：
Geometry of Objects / 2.9.2：
Properties of Objects / 2.9.3：
Geographic Objects Are not Solid Bodies / 2.9.4：
Objects Endure in Time / 2.9.5：
Temporal, but A-Spatial Objects / 2.9.6：
Ontological Tier 3: Socially Constructed Reality / 2.10：
Social Reality Is Real within a Context / 2.10.1：
Names / 2.10.2：
Institutional Reality / 2.10.3：
Ontological Tier 4: Modeling Cognitive Agents / 2.11：
Logical Deduction / 2.11.1：
Two Time Perspectives / 2.11.2：
Sources of Knowledge / 2.11.3：
Ontological Commitments Necessary for a Spatio-temporal Database / 2.12：
Existence of a Single Reality / 2.12.1：
Values for Properties Can Be Observed / 2.12.2：
Assume Space and Time / 2.12.3：
Observations Are Necessarily Limited / 2.12.4：
Processes Determine Objects / 2.12.5：
Names of Objects / 2.12.6：
Social, Especially Institutionally Constructed Reality / 2.12.7：
Knowledge of an Agent Is Changing in Time / 2.12.8：
Conclusions / 2.13：
Conceptual Models for Spatio-temporal Applications / Nectaria Tryfona ; Rosanne Price ; Christian S. Jensen3：
Motivation / 3.1：
Spatio-temporal Foundations / 3.2：
Spatio-temporal Entity-Relationship Model / 3.3：
Extending the ER with Spatio-temporal Constructs / 3.3.1：
A Textual Notation for STER / 3.3.2：
Example of Usage of STER / 3.3.3：
Spatio-temporal Unified Modeling Language / 3.4：
Using UML Core Constructs for Spatio-temporal Data / 3.4.1：
Overview of Extended Spatio-temporal UML / 3.4.2：
Basic Constructs: Spatial, Temporal, Thematic / 3.4.3：
Additional Constructs: Specification Box, Existence Time, and Groups / 3.4.4：
Example of Usage / 3.4.5：
Related Work / 3.5：
Spatio-temporal Models and Languages: An Approach Based on Data Types / Ralf Hartmut Güting ; Michael H. Böhlen ; Martin Erwig ; Nikos Lorentzos ; Enrico Nardelli ; Markus Schneider ; Jose R.R. Viqueira3.6：
The Data Type Approach / 4.1：
Modeling / 4.2.1：
Some Example Queries / 4.2.3：
Some Basic Issues / 4.2.4：
An Abstract Model: A Foundation for Representing and Querying Moving Objects / 4.3：
Spatio-temporal Data Types / 4.3.1：
Language Embedding of Abstract Data Types / 4.3.2：
Overview of Data Type Operations / 4.3.3：
Operations on Non-temporal Types / 4.3.4：
Operations on Temporal Types / 4.3.5：
Application Example / 4.3.6：
Summary / 4.3.7：
A Discrete Model: Data Structures for Moving Objects Databases / 4.4：
Overview / 4.4.1：
Definition of Discrete Data Types / 4.4.2：
Outlook / 4.5：
Spatio-temporal Predicates and Developments / 4.5.1：
Spatio-temporal Partitions / 4.5.2：
On a Spatio-temporal Relational Model Based on Quanta / 4.5.3：
Spatio-temporal Statement Modifiers / 4.5.4：
Spatio-temporal Models and Languages: An Approach Based on Constraints / Stéphane Grumbach ; Philippe Rigaux ; Michel Scholl ; Spiros Skiadopoulos5：
Representing Spatio-temporal Information Using Constraints / 5.1：
An Algebra for Relations with Constraints / 5.2.1：
Indefinite Information in Spatio-temporal Databases / 5.3：
Querying Indefinite Information / 5.3.1：
Beyond Flat Constraint Relations: The dedale Approach / 5.4：
The dedale Algebra / 5.4.1：
The User Query Language of dedale / 5.5：
The Syntax / 5.5.1：
Example Queries / 5.5.2：
Access Methods and Query Processing Techniques / Adriano Di Pasquale ; Luca Forlizzi ; Yannis Manolopoulos ; Dieter Pfoser ; Guido Proietti ; Simonas èaltenis ; Yannis Theodoridis ; Theodoros Tzouramanis ; Michael Vassilakopoulos5.6：
R-Tree-Based Methods / 6.1：
Preliminary Approaches / 6.2.1：
The Spatio-bitemporal R Tree / 6.2.2：
The Time-Parameterized R Tree / 6.2.3：
Trajectory Bundle / 6.2.4：
Quadtree-Based Methods / 6.3：
The MOF Tree / 6.3.1：
The MOF+-Tree / 6.3.2：
Overlapping Linear Quadtrees / 6.3.3：
Multiversion Linear Quadtree / 6.3.4：
Data Structures and Algorithms for the Discrete Model / 6.4：
Data Structures / 6.4.1：
Two Example Algorithms / 6.4.2：
Benchmarking and Data Generation / 6.5：
Benchmarking / 6.5.1：
Data Generation / 6.5.2：
Distribution and Optimization Issues / 6.6：
Distributed Indexing Techniques / 6.6.1：
Query Optimization / 6.6.2：
Architectures and Implementations of Spatio-temporal Database Management Systems / Martin Breunig ; Can Türker ; Stefan Dieker ; Lukas Relly ; Hans-Jörg Schek ; Michel Scholl|p2636.7：
Architectural Aspects / 7.1：
The Layered Architecture / 7.2.1：
The Monolithic Architecture / 7.2.2：
The Extensible Architecture / 7.2.3：
Commercial Approaches to Spatial-temporal Extensions / 7.2.4：
The Concert Prototype System / 7.3：
Architecture / 7.3.1：
Spatio-temporal Extensions / 7.3.3：
Implementation Details / 7.3.4：
Case Studies / 7.3.5：
The Secondo Prototype System / 7.4：
Second-Order Signature / 7.4.1：
Implementing Spatio-temporal Algebra Modules / 7.4.3：
The Dedale Prototype System / 7.5：
Interpolation in the Constraint Model: Representation of Moving Objects / 7.5.1：
Example of Query Evaluation / 7.5.3：
The Tiger Prototype System / 7.6：
Tiger's Implementation / 7.6.1：
Processing Queries Using External Modules-Case Study / 7.6.5：
The GeoToolKit Prototype System / 7.7：
CaseStudies / 7.7.1：
Advanced Uses: Composing Interactive Spatio-temporal Documents / Isabelle Mirbel ; Barbara Pernici ; Babis Theodoulidis ; Alex Vakaloudis ; Michalis Vazirgiannis7.8：
Interactive Presentations and Spatio-temporal Databases / 8.1：
Modeling the Components of Spatio-temporal Interactive Documents / 8.3：
Particularities of 3D-Spatio-temporal Modeling for ScenarioComponents / 8.3.1：
Meta-modeling / 8.3.2：
Temporal Semantics / 8.3.3：
3D-Spatial Semantics / 8.3.4：
3D-Spatio-temporal Semantics / 8.3.5：
Modeling of Spatio-temporal Behavior / 8.4：
Modeling Interaction with Events / 8.4.1：
Database Support for Scenario Components / 8.5：
Querying and Accessing Stored Components / 8.5.1：
A Global Architecture / 8.5.2：
Examples of Applications / 8.6：
Spatio-temporal Databases in the Years Ahead / 8.7：
Mobile and Wireless Computing / 9.1：
Data Warehousing and Mining / 9.3：
The Semantic Web / 9.4：
List of Contributors / 9.5：
Introduction / Manolis Koubarakis ; Timos Sellis1：
Why Spatio-temporal Databases? / 1.1：
Chorochronos / 1.2：
42.
図書
Vilho Räisänen
出版情報:
Chichester, England : Wiley, c2003 xxvii, 325 p. ; 25 cm
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Drivers for the Adoption of Multi-service Networks
Service Quality Requirements
Network Mechanisms for Multi-service Quality Support
Traffic Engineering for Multi-service IP Networks / 1：
Mapping Service Requirements to Network Resources
Service Level Management Techniques
Measurements / 1.1：
Mechanisms for Dynamic Service Quality Control
Customer Perspective
Case Study: Service Quality Support in an IP-based Cellular RAN
Conclusion / 1.2：
References
Network Operator Perspective
Index
Service Provider Perspective / 1.3：
Summary / 1.4：
Services on the Internet / 2：
Definition of a Service / 2.2：
End user service versus provider-level services / 2.2.1：
About service instances and service events / 2.2.2：
Reference model for this section / 2.2.3：
Service Quality Estimation / 2.3：
Measures of end user experienced service quality / 2.3.1：
Recency effect / 2.3.2：
Psychological factors / 2.3.3：
Service Implementation Aspects / 2.3.4：
Choice of transport protocols / 2.4.1：
Throughput adaptability of services / 2.4.2：
Inherent Service Quality Requirements / 2.5：
Service quality characterizations in standards / 2.5.1：
Availability of service / 2.5.2：
Continuity of service / 2.5.3：
Delivery time end-to-end / 2.5.4：
Throughput / 2.5.5：
Support for continuous service data unit transmission / 2.5.6：
Reliability of service delivery / 2.5.7：
Support for variable transfer rate / 2.5.8：
Generic considerations related to service requirements / 2.5.9：
Service Quality Descriptors / 2.6：
Measurement-based determination of traffic profile / 2.6.1：
Introduction to Network Quality Support / 2.7：
Policing of Traffic at Ingress / 3.2：
About Layers / 3.3：
Types of Network Support for Service Quality / 3.4：
Capacity reservation / 3.4.1：
Differentiated treatment / 3.4.2：
Differentiation of service quality instantiation / 3.4.3：
Summary of generic network service quality support mechanisms / 3.4.4：
Service Support in ATM / 3.5：
ATM service models / 3.5.1：
Summary of ATM service support / 3.5.2：
Service Support Models in Internet Protocol / 3.6：
Best effort service model / 3.6.1：
Controlled-load service support / 3.6.2：
Guaranteed QoS support / 3.6.3：
RSVP / 3.6.4：
Statistical QoS: DiffServ model / 3.6.5：
EF PHB / 3.6.5.1：
AF PHB group / 3.6.5.2：
Other PHBs / 3.6.5.3：
Functions of a DiffServ router / 3.6.5.4：
Summary of DiffServ / 3.6.5.5：
Summary of IP QoS service models / 3.6.6：
Routing in IP Networks / 3.7：
On addressing / 3.7.1：
IP routing protocol-based methods / 3.7.2：
ATM overlays / 3.7.3：
Lower layer tunnels: MPLS / 3.7.4：
Link Layer Issues / 3.8：
Performance / 3.8.1：
A note on scheduling / 3.8.2：
Traffic Engineering / 3.9：
Context of traffic engineering / 4.1.1：
The traffic engineering process / 4.1.2：
Obtaining performance data from the network and analysing it / 4.1.3：
Traffic aggregate performance measurements / 4.1.3.1：
Obtaining data relevant for routing control / 4.1.3.2：
Performance enhancement / 4.1.4：
Scope of network optimization / 4.1.5：
IP Routing Control and Traffic Engineering / 4.2：
Optimizing routing based on service quality characteristics / 4.2.1：
Traffic engineering using MPLS / 4.2.2：
DiffServ over MPLS / 4.2.2.1：
Traffic engineering using IP routing protocols / 4.2.3：
Configuration / 4.2.4：
Policy-based management / 4.3.1：
Policy-based management of DiffServ / 4.3.2：
Case study of policy-based management of DiffServ / 4.3.2.1：
Scope of this Chapter / 4.4：
ETSI EP TIPHON Reference Model / 5.2：
Architecture / 5.2.1：
QoS model / 5.2.2：
QBONE / 5.2.3：
Service support models / 5.3.1：
3GPP QoS Model / 5.3.2：
Other Models / 5.4.1：
Utility-based Allocation of Resources / 5.6：
Generic Resource Allocation Framework / 5.6.1：
Signalling / 5.7.1：
Mapping of services onto network resources / 5.7.2：
Network quality support configuration for DiffServ / 5.7.3：
End-to-end service quality budgets / 5.7.4：
Delay / 5.7.4.1：
Delay variation / 5.7.4.2：
Packet loss rate / 5.7.4.3：
Packet loss correlation / 5.7.4.4：
Optimization of resource allocation / 5.7.4.5：
Models for Service Level Management / 5.8：
Areas of service level management / 6.1.1：
Layers of service level management / 6.1.2：
Models for managed data / 6.1.3：
Service Planning and Creation Process / 6.2：
Interests of the customer / 6.2.1：
Network operator viewpoint / 6.2.2：
Service definition / 6.2.3：
Reporting / 6.2.4：
Service Level Agreements / 6.3：
SLA and DiffServ / 6.3.1：
SLA contents / 6.3.2：
End user SLAs / 6.3.3：
End-to-end Services / 6.4：
Assumptions about connection endpoints / 6.4.1：
Assumptions about per-domain service management / 6.4.2：
Requirements for end-to-end service management / 6.4.3：
Service Brokers and Charging / 6.5：
Traffic Characterization / 6.6：
Network Monitoring / 7.2：
Troubleshooting measurements for services / 7.2.1：
Traffic Control / 7.3：
Definition of Measured Characteristics / 7.4：
Sources of Measurement Data / 7.5：
Measurement interfaces / 7.5.1：
Measured characteristics / 7.5.2：
Measurement Methods / 7.6：
Obtaining performance data from network elements / 7.6.1：
Monitoring a link / 7.6.2：
Monitoring a route or node pair / 7.6.3：
Traffic Engineering Measurement Infrastructure / 7.7：
Measuring entity / 7.7.1：
Interface to measuring entity / 7.7.2：
Measurement control and analysis function / 7.7.3：
Internet Service Quality Measurement Architectures / 7.8：
QBone measurement architecture / 7.8.1：
Discussion / 7.8.1.1：
Nokia Research Center measurement architecture demonstrator / 7.8.2：
Previous Studies / 7.8.2.1：
Two-bit DiffServ architecture / 8.1.1：
Bandwidth broker in QBone architecture / 8.1.2：
Phase 0 Bandwidth Broker / 8.1.2.1：
Phase 1 Bandwidth Broker / 8.1.2.2：
QoS Agents / 8.1.3：
Generic Model / 8.2：
Service quality support instantiation control / 8.2.1：
Signalling interface / 8.2.1.1：
Internal bandwidth broker operation / 8.2.1.2：
Domain control / 8.2.2：
Link to traffic engineering / 8.2.2.1：
Means of maintaining information about resource availability / 8.2.2.2：
Inter-domain signalling / 8.2.3：
Link to service admission control / 8.2.4：
Motivation for Using IP-based Transport in Cellular RAN / 8.3：
IP RAN Transport Architecture / 9.2：
PLMN transport architecture / 9.2.1：
IP RAN transport architecture / 9.2.2：
Handover traffic / 9.2.3：
Service mapping in IP RAN / 9.2.4：
Traffic Engineering in All-IP RAN / 9.3：
Capacity planning / 9.3.1：
Capacity management / 9.3.2：
Traffic management / 9.3.3：
Enabling Technologies for Traffic Engineering in IP RAN / 9.4：
Inter-operation with IP-based Backbones and Roaming Networks / 9.4.1：
IP as the Convergence Network / 9.6：
DiffServ / 10.2：
Complementary technologies for DiffServ / 10.2.1：
Service Level Management / 10.3：
Potential Future Development Directions / 10.4：
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
43.
図書
Stephen Marsland
目次情報:
続きを見る
Prologue
Introduction / 1：
If Data Had Mass, the Earth Would Be a Black Hole / 1.1：
Learning / 1.2：
Machine Learning / 1.2.1：
Types of Machine Learning / 1.3：
Supervised Learning / 1.4：
Regression / 1.4.1：
Classification / 1.4.2：
The Brain and the Neuron / 1.5：
Hebb's Rule / 1.5.1：
McCulloch and Pitts Neurons / 1.5.2：
Limitations of the McCulloch and Pitt Neuronal Model / 1.5.3：
Further Reading
Linear Discriminants / 2：
Preliminaries / 2.1：
The Perceptron / 2.2：
The Learning Rate ? / 2.2.1：
The Bias Input / 2.2.2：
The Perceptron Learning Algorithm / 2.2.3：
An Example of Perceptron Learning / 2.2.4：
Implementation / 2.2.5：
Testing the Network / 2.2.6：
Linear Separability / 2.3：
The Exclusive Or (XOR) Function / 2.3.1：
A Useful Insight / 2.3.2：
Another Example: The Pima Indian Dataset / 2.3.3：
Linear Regression / 2.4：
Linear Regression Examples / 2.4.1：
Practice Questions
The Multi-Layer Perceptron / 3：
Going Forwards / 3.1：
Biases / 3.1.1：
Going Backwards: Back-Propagation of Error / 3.2：
The Multi-Layer Preceptron Algorithm / 3.2.1：
Initialising the Weights / 3.2.2：
Different Output Activation Functions / 3.2.3：
Sequential and Batch Training / 3.2.4：
Local Minima / 3.2.5：
Picking Up Momentum / 3.2.6：
Other Improvements / 3.2.7：
The Multi-Layer Perceptron in Practice / 3.3：
Data Preparation / 3.3.1：
Amount of Training Data / 3.3.2：
Number of Hidden Layers / 3.3.3：
Generalisation and Overfitting / 3.3.4：
Training, Testing, and Validation / 3.3.5：
When to Stop Learning / 3.3.6：
Computing and Evaluating the Results / 3.3.7：
Examples of Using the MLP / 3.4：
A Regression Problem / 3.4.1：
Classification with the MLP / 3.4.2：
A Classification Example / 3.4.3：
Time-Series Prediction / 3.4.4：
Data Compression: The Auto-Associative Network / 3.4.5：
Overview / 3.5：
Deriving Back-Propagation / 3.6：
The Network Output and the Error / 3.6.1：
The Error of the Network / 3.6.2：
A Suitable Activation Function / 3.6.3：
Back-Propagation of Error / 3.6.4：
Radial Basis Functions and Splines / 4：
Concepts / 4.1：
Weight Space / 4.1.1：
Receptive Fields / 4.1.2：
The Radial Basis Function (RBF) Network / 4.2：
Training the RBF Network / 4.2.1：
The Curse of Dimensionality / 4.3：
Interpolation and Basis Functions / 4.4：
Bases and Basis Functions / 4.4.1：
The Cubic Spline / 4.4.2：
Fitting the Spline to the Data / 4.4.3：
Smoothing Splines / 4.4.4：
Higher Dimensions / 4.4.5：
Beyond the Bounds / 4.4.6：
Support Vector Machines / 5：
Optimal Separation / 5.1：
Kernels / 5.2：
Example: XOR / 5.2.1：
Extensions to the Support Vector Machine / 5.2.2：
Learning with Trees / 6：
Using Decision Trees / 6.1：
Constructing Decision Trees / 6.2：
Quick Aside: Entropy in Information Theory / 6.2.1：
ID3 / 6.2.2：
Implementing Trees and Graphs in Python / 6.2.3：
Implementation of the Decision Tree / 6.2.4：
Dealing with Continuous Variables / 6.2.5：
Computational Complexity / 6.2.6：
Classification and Regression Trees (CART) / 6.3：
Gini Impurity / 6.3.1：
Regression in Trees / 6.3.2：
Classification Example / 6.4：
Decision by Committee: Ensemble Learning / 7：
Boosting / 7.1：
AdaBoost / 7.1.1：
Stumpting / 7.1.2：
Bagging / 7.2：
Subagging / 7.2.1：
Different Ways to Combine Classifiers / 7.3：
Probability and Learning / 8：
Turning Data into Probabilities / 8.1：
Minimising Risk / 8.1.1：
The Naive Bayes' Classifier / 8.1.2：
Some Basic Statistics / 8.2：
Averages / 8.2.1：
Variance and Covariance / 8.2.2：
The Gaussian / 8.2.3：
The Bias-Variance Tradeoff / 8.2.4：
Gaussian Mixture Models / 8.3：
The Expectation-Maximisation (EM) Algorithm / 8.3.1：
Nearest Neighbour Methods / 8.4：
Nearest Neighbour Smoothing / 8.4.1：
Efficient Distance Computations: the KD-Tree / 8.4.2：
Distance Measures / 8.4.3：
Unsupervised Learning / 9：
The ?-Means Algorithm / 9.1：
Dealing with Noise / 9.1.1：
The ?-Means Neural Network / 9.1.2：
Normalisation / 9.1.3：
A Better Weight Update Rule / 9.1.4：
Example: The Iris Dataset Again / 9.1.5：
Using Competitive Learning for Clustering / 9.1.6：
Vector Quantisation / 9.2：
The Self-Organising Feature Map / 9.3：
The SOM Algorithm / 9.3.1：
Neighbourhood Connections / 9.3.2：
Self-Organisation / 9.3.3：
Network Dimensionality and Boundary Conditions / 9.3.4：
Examples of Using the SOM / 9.3.5：
Dimensionality Reduction / 10：
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) / 10.1：
Principal Components Analysis (PCA) / 10.2：
Relation with the Multi-Layer Perceptron / 10.2.1：
Kernel PCA / 10.2.2：
Factor Analysis / 10.3：
Independent Components Analysis (ICA) / 10.4：
Locally Linear Embedding / 10.5：
Isomap / 10.6：
Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) / 10.6.1：
Optimisation and Search / 11：
Going Downhill / 11.1：
Least-Squares Optimisation / 11.2：
Taylor Expansion / 11.2.1：
The Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm / 11.2.2：
Conjugate Gradients / 11.3：
Conjugate Gradients Example / 11.3.1：
Search: Three Basic Approaches / 11.4：
Exhaustive Search / 11.4.1：
Greedy Search / 11.4.2：
Hill Climbing / 11.4.3：
Exploitation and Exploration / 11.5：
Simulated Annealing / 11.6：
Comparison / 11.6.1：
Evolutionary Learning / 12：
The Genetic Algorithm (GA) / 12.1：
String Representation / 12.1.1：
Evaluating Fitness / 12.1.2：
Population / 12.1.3：
Generating Offspring: Parent Selection / 12.1.4：
Generating Offspring: Genetic Operators / 12.2：
Crossover / 12.2.1：
Mutation / 12.2.2：
Elitism, Tournaments, and Niching / 12.2.3：
Using Genetic Algorithms / 12.3：
Map Colouring / 12.3.1：
Punctuated Equilibrium / 12.3.2：
Example: The Knapsack Problem / 12.3.3：
Example: The Four Peaks Problem / 12.3.4：
Limitations of the GA / 12.3.5：
Training Neural Networks with Genetic Algorithms / 12.3.6：
Genetic Programming / 12.4：
Combining Sampling with Evolutionary Learning / 12.5：
Reinforcement Learning / 13：
Example: Getting Lost / 13.1：
State and Action Spaces / 13.2.1：
Carrots and Sticks: the Reward Function / 13.2.2：
Discounting / 13.2.3：
Action Selection / 13.2.4：
Policy / 13.2.5：
Markov Decision Processes / 13.3：
The Markov Property / 13.3.1：
Probabilities in Markov Decision Processes / 13.3.2：
Values / 13.4：
Back on Holiday: Using Reinforcement Learning / 13.5：
The Difference between Sarsa and Q-Learning / 13.6：
Uses of Reinforcement Learning / 13.7：
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Methods / 14：
Sampling / 14.1：
Random Numbers / 14.1.1：
Gaussian Random Numbers / 14.1.2：
Monte Carlo or Bust / 14.2：
The Proposal Distribution / 14.3：
Markov Chain Monte Carlo / 14.4：
Markov Chains / 14.4.1：
The Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm / 14.4.2：
Simulated Annealing (Again) / 14.4.3：
Gibbs Sampling / 14.4.4：
Graphical Models / 15：
Bayesian Networks / 15.1：
Example: Exam Panic / 15.1.1：
Approximate Inference / 15.1.2：
Making Bayesian Networks / 15.1.3：
Markov Random Fields / 15.2：
Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) / 15.3：
The Forward Algorithm / 15.3.1：
The Viterbi Algorithm / 15.3.2：
The Baum-Welch or Forward-Backward Algorithm / 15.3.3：
Tracking Methods / 15.4：
The Kalman Filter / 15.4.1：
The Particle Filter / 15.4.2：
Python / 16：
Installing Python and Other Packages / 16.1：
Getting Started / 16.2：
Python for MATLAB and R users / 16.2.1：
Code Basics / 16.3：
Writing and Importing Code / 16.3.1：
Control Flow / 16.3.2：
Functions / 16.3.3：
The doc String / 16.3.4：
map and lambda / 16.3.5：
Exceptions / 16.3.6：
Classes / 16.3.7：
Using NumPy and Matplotlib / 16.4：
Arrays / 16.4.1：
Linear Algebra / 16.4.2：
Plotting / 16.4.4：
Index
Prologue
Introduction / 1：
If Data Had Mass, the Earth Would Be a Black Hole / 1.1：
44.
図書
edited by Challa S.S.R. Kumar
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
List of Contributors
Fluorescence Imaging in Biology using Nanoprobes / Daniele Gerion1：
Introduction and Outlook / 1.1：
A New Era in Cell Biology / 1.1.1：
Manotechnology and its Perspectives for Fluorescence Imaging in Cell Biology / 1.1.2：
Fundamentals of Fluorescence / 1.2：
Basic Principles / 1.2.1：
A Few Types of Fluorescent Probes / 1.2.2：
Small Luminescent Units and Autofluorescence of Living Organisms / 1.2.2.1：
A few Organic Dyes and their Limitation in Live Cell Labeling / 1.2.2.2：
Green Fluorescent Protein and its Cousin Mutants / 1.2.2.3：
Quantum Dots / 1.2.2.4：
Toxicity Issues of Nanomaterials / 1.2.2.5：
Sources and Detectors / 1.2.3：
Light Sources / 1.2.3.1：
Detectors / 1.2.3.2：
Microscope Configurations / 1.3：
Wide-field Methods: Epi-, and Total Internal Reflection (TIR) / 1.3.1：
Epifluorescence Illumination / 1.3.1.1：
Total Internal Reflection (TIR) Illumination / 1.3.1.2：
Scanning Methods for Microscopy / 1.3.2：
Laser-scanning or Stage-scanning Confocal Microscopy / 1.3.2.1：
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) / 1.3.2.2：
Strategies for Image Acquisition / 1.4：
Intensity Imaging / 1.4.1：
Spectral Imaging / 1.4.2：
Lifetime and Time-gated Imaging / 1.4.3：
Other Imaging Modalities: Polarization and FRET Imaging / 1.4.4：
Qdots in Biology: A Few Selected Examples / 1.5：
Ultra-high Colocalization of Qdots for Genetic Mapping / 1.5.1：
Dynamics of Biomolecules in a Cellular Environment / 1.5.2：
Trafficking of Glycine Receptors in Neural Membranes of Live Cells / 1.5.2.1：
Dynamics of Labeled Nuclear Localization Sequences Inside Living Cells / 1.5.2.2：
In Vivo and Non-invasive Detection Using Qdot Reporters / 1.5.3：
Outlook: Is there a Role for Nanoscience in Cellular Biology and in Medicine? / 1.6：
Acknowledgments
References
Characterization of Nanoscale Systems in Biology using Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques / Anthony W. Coleman ; Adina N. Lazar ; Cecile F. Rousseau ; Sebastien Cecillon ; Patrick Shahgaldian2：
Introduction / 2.1：
The Scanning Probe Microscopy Experiment / 2.2：
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Imaging / 2.3：
Atomic Force Microscopy / 2.4：
Generalities / 2.4.1：
Tips and Cantilevers / 2.4.2：
Contact Mode AFM / 2.4.3：
Dynamic Modes / 2.4.4：
Non-contact Mode / 2.4.4.1：
Intermittent Contact Mode / 2.4.4.3：
Force Modulation Mode / 2.4.4.4：
Friction Force Mode or Lateral Force Mode / 2.4.5：
Force-Distance Analysis / 2.4.6：
Chemical Force Imaging / 2.4.7：
Dip-pen Lithography / 2.4.8：
Cantilever Array Sensors / 2.4.9：
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy / 2.5：
Artifacts / 2.6：
Artifacts Related to Tip Size and Geometry / 2.6.1：
Artifacts from Damaged Tips / 2.6.2：
Artifacts from Tip-Sample Interactions / 2.6.3：
Sample Artifacts / 2.6.4：
Using the Tools / 2.7：
DNA / 2.7.1：
Topographic Imaging of DNA / 2.7.1.1：
Imaging DNA Translocation / 2.7.1.2：
DNA Interactions and Stretching / 2.7.1.3：
Proteins / 2.7.2：
Topographic Imaging of Proteins / 2.7.2.1：
Dip-pen Nanolithography Patterning of Proteins / 2.7.2.2：
Protein-Protein and Protein-Ligand Interactions / 2.7.2.3：
Polysaccharides / 2.7.3：
Proteoglycan Topographic Imaging / 2.7.3.1：
Lipid Systems / 2.7.4：
Liposomes / 2.7.4.1：
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) / 2.7.4.2：
Supported Lipid Bilayers and Monolayers / 2.7.4.3：
SNOM Imaging / 2.7.5：
Viruses / 2.7.6：
Cells / 2.7.7：
Topographic Imaging / 2.7.7.1：
Interactions and Mechanical Properties / 2.7.7.2：
NSOM Imaging / 2.7.7.3：
Cantilever Arrays as Biosensors / 2.7.8：
Conclusion / 2.8：
Books on Scanning Probe Microsopies Reviews on Scanning Probe Microsopies in Biology / Appendix 1：
Reviews on Scanning Probe Microsopies in Biology / Appendix 2：
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Characterization of Nanostructure Assemblies in Biosensing / Aren E. Gerdon ; David W. Wright ; David E. Cliffel3：
Principles of QCM / 3.1：
QCM Wave Penetration Depth / 3.1.2：
QCM Sensor Specificity / 3.1.3：
Calculation of Equilibrium and Kinetic Constants / 3.1.4：
QCM Application to Life Sciences / 3.1.5：
Interface Between Biology and Nanomaterials / 3.2：
Antibodies / 3.2.1：
Nanoparticles / 3.2.2：
QCM Nanoparticle-based Chemical Sensors / 3.3：
QCM Nanoparticle-based Biosensors / 3.4：
QCM Nanoparticle-based Immunosensors / 3.5：
Traditional Immunoassays / 3.5.1：
Immunoassays using Nanotechnology / 3.5.2：
Antigen Mimic Design / 3.5.3：
Glutathione-protected Nanocluster / 3.5.3.2：
Hemagglutanin Mimic Nanocluster / 3.5.3.3：
Protective Antigen of B. anthracis Mimic Nanocluster / 3.5.3.4：
Conclusions and Future Directions / 3.6：
Symbols
NMR Characterization Techniques - Application to Nanoscaled Pharmaceutical Carriers / Christian Mayer4：
Structural Analysis of Nanoparticles / 4.1：
Phase Transitions of the Particle Matrix / 4.3：
Adsorption to the Particle Surface / 4.4：
Molecular Exchange through Nanocapsule Membranes / 4.5：
Particle Degradation and Release / 4.6：
Summary and Outlook / 4.7：
Characterization of Nano Features in Biopolymers using Small-angle X-ray Scattering, Electron Microscopy and Modeling / Angelika Krebs ; Bettina Bottcher5：
Small-angle X-ray Scattering / 5.1：
Scattering Technique / 5.2.1：
Scattering Phenomenon / 5.2.1.1：
Scattering Curve and Pair Distance Distribution Function / 5.2.1.2：
Determination of Scattering Parameters / 5.2.1.3：
Experimental Setup / 5.2.1.4：
Interpretation of Data / 5.2.2：
Direct Methods / 5.2.2.1：
Indirect Methods / 5.2.2.2：
Electron Microscopy / 5.3：
Image Formation / 5.3.1：
Interference of Electrons with Matter / 5.3.1.1：
Contrast Transfer Function / 5.3.1.2：
Sample Preparation / 5.3.2：
Vitrification of Biological Specimens / 5.3.2.1：
Two-dimensional Merging of Electron Microscopic Data / 5.3.3：
Cross Correlation Function / 5.3.3.1：
Identification of the Different Views / 5.3.3.2：
Merging of EM-data in Three Dimensions / 5.3.4：
Sinogram Correlation / 5.3.4.1：
Reconstruction of the Three-dimensional Model / 5.3.4.2：
Merging of Methods / 5.4：
Comparison of EM and SAXS Data / 5.4.1：
SAXS Modeling Approaches using EM Information / 5.4.2：
In Situ Characterization of Drug Nanoparticles by FTIR Spectroscopy / Michael Turk ; Ruth Signorell6：
Particle Generation Methods / 6.1：
Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) / 6.2.1：
Electro-Spraying / 6.2.2：
Particle Characterization Methods / 6.3：
In Situ Characterization with FTIR Spectroscopy / 6.3.1：
Characterization of the RESS Process / 6.3.1.1：
In Situ Characterization with 3-WEM / 6.3.2：
Characterization with SMPS and SEM / 6.3.3：
Determination of Refractive Index Data in the Mid-infrared Region / 6.4：
Examples / 6.5：
Phenanthrene Particles: Size, Shape, Optical Data / 6.5.1：
Sugar Nanoparticles / 6.5.2：
Drug Nanoparticles / 6.5.3：
Summary and Conclusion / 6.6：
Acknowledgment
Characterization of Nanoscaled Drug Delivery Systems by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) / Karsten Mader7：
ESR Basics and Requirements / 7.1：
Information from ESR Spectroscopy and Imaging / 7.3：
Nitroxide Concentration / 7.3.1：
Micropolarity and Microviscosity / 7.3.2：
Monitoring of Microacidity / 7.3.3：
ESR Imaging / 7.3.4：
In Vivo ESR / 7.4：
X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy in Nanoscience and Lifesciences / Jinghua Guo7.5：
Soft X-ray Spectroscopy / 8.1：
Soft X-ray Absorption Edges / 8.2.1：
Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy / 8.2.2：
Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy / 8.2.3：
Resonant Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy / 8.2.4：
Experimental Details / 8.2.5：
Chemical Sensitivity of Soft X-ray Spectroscopy / 8.3：
Electronic Structure and Geometrical Structure / 8.3.1：
Hydrogen Bonding Effect / 8.3.2：
Charge and Spin States of Transition Metals / 8.3.3：
Electronic Structure and Nanostructure / 8.4：
Wide Bandgap Nanostructured Semiconductors / 8.4.1：
Cu Nanoclusters / 8.4.2：
ZnO Nanocrystals / 8.4.3：
Electronic Structure and Molecular Structure / 8.5：
Hydrogen Bonding in Liquid Water / 8.5.1：
Molecular Structure in Liquid Alcohol and Water Mixture / 8.5.2：
Electronic Structure and Ion Solvations / 8.5.3：
Drugs in Water Solution / 8.5.4：
Electronic Structure of Bases in DNA Duplexes / 8.5.5：
Some New Advances and Challenges in Biological and Biomedical Materials Characterization / Filip Braet ; Lilian Soon ; Thomas F. Kelly ; David J. Larson ; Simon P. Ringer9：
Modern Atom Probe Tomography: Principles, Applications in Biomaterials and Potential Applications for Biology / 9.1：
The Need for an Ideal Microscope / 9.2.1：
Field Ion Microscopy and the Modern Atom Probe Instrument / 9.2.1.1：
Applications in Biomaterials / 9.2.1.2：
Applications and Challenges for Biological Science / 9.2.1.3：
Instrumentation / 9.3：
Live Cell Imaging / 9.3.2.1：
Summary / 9.3.3：
Cryo-electron Microscopy / 9.4：
Cryo-electron Microscopy Imaging / 9.4.1：
Conclusions / 9.4.3：
Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy / Rhonda Dzakpasu ; Daniel Axelrod10：
Theory / 10.1：
Single Scattering Center / 10.2.1：
Multiple Scattering Centers / 10.2.2：
Temporal Autocorrelation of Intensity / 10.2.3：
Phase Fluctuation Factors / 10.2.4：
Number Fluctuation Factors / 10.2.5：
Characteristic Times and Distances / 10.2.6：
Spatial Autocorrelation of Intensity / 10.2.7：
Variance of Intensity Fluctuations: Mobile Fraction / 10.2.8：
Experimental Design / 10.3：
Optical Setup / 10.3.1：
Data Acquisition / 10.3.2：
Sample Preparation: Polystyrene Beads / 10.3.3：
Sample Preparation: Living Macrophages / 10.3.4：
Buffer Changes during Data Acquisition / 10.3.5：
Data Analysis / 10.4：
Temporal Intensity Autocorrelation Function / 10.4.1：
Spatial Intensity Autocorrelation Function / 10.4.2：
Mobile Fraction / 10.4.3：
Experimental Results / 10.5：
Polystyrene Beads: Temporal Phase Autocorrelation / 10.5.1：
Variance of Intensity Fluctuations on Beads: Phase Fluctuations / 10.5.2：
Polystyrene Beads: Number Fluctuations / 10.5.3：
Polystyrene Beads: Spatial Autocorrelation / 10.5.4：
Polystyrene Beads: Mobile Fractions / 10.5.5：
Living Macrophage Cells: Temporal Autocorrelation / 10.5.6：
Living Macrophage Cells: Mobile Fraction / 10.5.7：
Discussion / 10.6：
Polystyrene Beads / 10.6.1：
Macrophages / 10.6.2：
Improvements for DLSM / 10.6.3：
X-ray Scattering Techniques for Characterization of Nanosystems in Lifesciences / Cheng K. Saw11：
Brief Historical Background and Unique Properties / 11.1：
Scattering of X-rays / 11.3：
Crystallography / 11.4：
Scattering from a Powder Sample / 11.5：
Scattering by Atomic Aggregates / 11.6：
Crystallite Size and Paracrystallinity / 11.7：
Production of X-rays / 11.8：
Absorption of X-rays / 11.9：
Instrumentation: WAXS / 11.10：
Small Angle X-ray Scattering / 11.11：
Dilute Systems / 11.11.1：
Highly Correlating Systems / 11.11.2：
SAXS Instrumentation / 11.12：
Synchrotron Radiation / 11.13：
Concluding Remarks / 11.14：
Index
Preface
List of Contributors
Fluorescence Imaging in Biology using Nanoprobes / Daniele Gerion1：
45.
図書
by Man Leung Wong, Kwong Sak Leung
目次情報:
続きを見る
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Introduction / Chapter 1：
Data Mining / 1.1.：
Motivation / 1.2.：
Contributions of the Book / 1.3.：
Outline of the Book / 1.4.：
An Overview of Data Mining / Chapter 2：
Decision Tree Approach / 2.1.：
ID3 / 2.1.1.：
C4.5 / 2.1.2.：
Classification Rule / 2.2.：
AQ Algorithm / 2.2.1.：
CN2 / 2.2.2.：
C4.5RULES / 2.2.3.：
Association Rule Mining / 2.3.：
Apriori / 2.3.1.：
Quantitative Association Rule Mining / 2.3.2.：
Statistical Approach / 2.4.：
Bayesian Classifier / 2.4.1.：
Forty-Niner / 2.4.2.：
Explora / 2.4.3.：
Bayesian Network Learning / 2.5.：
Other Approaches / 2.6.：
An Overview on Evolutionary Algorithms / Chapter 3：
Evolutionary Algorithms / 3.1.：
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) / 3.2.：
The Canonical Genetic Algorithm / 3.2.1.：
Selection Methods / 3.2.1.1.：
Recombination Methods / 3.2.1.2.：
Inversion and Reordering / 3.2.1.3.：
Steady State Genetic Algorithms / 3.2.2.：
Hybrid Algorithms / 3.2.3.：
Genetic Programming (GP) / 3.3.：
Introduction to the Traditional GP / 3.3.1.：
Strongly Typed Genetic Programming (STGP) / 3.3.2.：
Evolution Strategies (ES) / 3.4.：
Evolutionary Programming (EP) / 3.5.：
Inductive Logic Programming / Chapter 4：
Inductive Concept Learning / 4.1.：
Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) / 4.2.：
Interactive ILP / 4.2.1.：
Empirical ILP / 4.2.2.：
Techniques And Methods of ILP / 4.3.：
Bottom-up ILP Systems / 4.3.1.：
Top-down ILP Systems / 4.3.2.：
Foil / 4.3.2.1.：
mFOIL / 4.3.2.2.：
The Logic Grammars Based Genetic Programming System (Logenpro) / Chapter 5：
Logic Grammars / 5.1.：
Representations of Programs / 5.2.：
Crossover of Programs / 5.3.：
Mutation of Programs / 5.4.：
The Evolution Process of LOGENPRO / 5.5.：
Discussion / 5.6.：
Data Mining Applications Using Logenpro / Chapter 6：
Learning Functional Programs / 6.1.：
Learning S-expressions Using LOGENPRO / 6.1.1.：
The DOT PRODUCT Problem / 6.1.2.：
Learning Sub-functions Using Explicit Knowledge / 6.1.3.：
Inducing Decision Trees Using LOGENPRO / 6.2.：
Representing Decision Trees as S-expressions / 6.2.1.：
The Credit Screening Problem / 6.2.2.：
The Experiment / 6.2.3.：
Learning Logic Program From Imperfect Data / 6.3.：
The Chess Endgame Problem / 6.3.1.：
The Setup of Experiments / 6.3.2.：
Comparison of LOGENPRO With FOIL / 6.3.3.：
Comparison of LOGENPRO With BEAM-FOIL / 6.3.4.：
Comparison of LOGENPRO With mFOIL1 / 6.3.5.：
Comparison of LOGENPRO With mFOIL2 / 6.3.6.：
Comparison of LOGENPRO With mFOIL3 / 6.3.7.：
Comparison of LOGENPRO With mFOIL4 / 6.3.8.：
Applying Logenpro for Rule Learning / 6.3.9.：
Grammar / 7.1.：
Genetic Operators / 7.2.：
Evaluation of Rules / 7.3.：
Learning Multiple Rules From Data / 7.4.：
Previous Approaches / 7.4.1.：
Pre-selection / 7.4.1.1.：
Crowding / 7.4.1.2.：
Deterministic Crowding / 7.4.1.3.：
Fitness Sharing / 7.4.1.4.：
Token Competition / 7.4.2.：
The Complete Rule Learning Approach / 7.4.3.：
Experiments With Machine Learning Databases / 7.4.4.：
Experimental Results on the Iris Plant Database / 7.4.4.1.：
Experimental Results on the Monk Database / 7.4.4.2.：
Medical Data Mining / Chapter 8：
A Case Study on the Fracture Database / 8.1.：
A Case Study on the Scoliosis Database / 8.2.：
Rules for Scoliosis Classification / 8.2.1.：
Rules About Treatment / 8.2.2.：
Conclusion and Future Work / Chapter 9：
Conclusion / 9.1.：
Future Work / 9.2.：
The Rule Sets Discovered / Appendix A：
The Best Rule Set Learned from the Iris Database / A.1.：
The Best Rule Set Learned from the Monk Database / A.2.：
Monk1 / A.2.1.：
Monk2 / A.2.2.：
Monk3 / A.2.3.：
The Best Rule Set Learned from the Fracture Database / A.3.：
Type I rules: About Diagnosis / A.3.1.：
Type II Rules: About Operation/Surgeon / A.3.2.：
Type III Rules: About Stay / A.3.3.：
The Best Rule Set Learned from the Scoliosis Database / A.4.：
Rules for Classification / A.4.1.：
King-I / A.4.1.1.：
King-II / A.4.1.2.：
King-III / A.4.1.3.：
King-IV / A.4.1.4.：
King-V / A.4.1.5.：
TL / A.4.1.6.：
L / A.4.1.7.：
Rules for Treatment / A.4.2.：
Observation / A.4.2.1.：
Bracing / A.4.2.2.：
The Grammar Used for the Fracture and Scoliosis Databases / Appendix B：
The Grammar for the Fracture Database / B.1.：
The Grammar for the Scoliosis Database / B.2.：
References
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
46.
図書
M. Shimoseki, T. Hamano, T. Imaizumi (eds.) ; organized by T. Kuwabara
出版情報:
Berlin : Springer, c2003 xiii, 233 p. ; 25 cm
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
続きを見る
Springs and Elastic Component / 1：
Spring Constant / 1.1：
Definition of the Spring / 1.1.1：
Tangential Gradient / 1.1.2：
System of Multiple Degrees of Freedom / 1.1.3：
Elastic Component in a Vibration System / 1.2：
Vibration Equations / 1.2.1：
Chords of a Guitar / 1.2.2：
Wave Equation / 1.2.3：
First Stages of Analysis / 1.3：
Orientation / 1.3.1：
Steps of Analysis / 1.3.2：
A Pitfall in the Approximate Solution / 1.3.3：
Element Stiffness of Elastic Component / 1.3.4：
One-Dimensional Combination of Components / 1.4：
Coupling Between Components / 1.4.1：
Generalized Matrix Equation for Coupled Elastic Components / 1.4.2：
Verification of Boundary Condition Type / 1.4.3：
Parallel Coupling of Elastic Components / 1.4.4：
Transverse Stiffness of Elastic Components / 1.4.5：
Plane Structures / 1.5：
Transformation of Coordinates / 1.5.1：
Obliquely Connected Components / 1.5.2：
From Components to Finite Elements / 1.5.3：
Outline of Finite Element Method (FEM) / 2：
Fundamentals of Elasto-Plasticity Dynamics / 2.1：
Viewpoint of Continuum Dynamics / 2.1.1：
General Equations / 2.1.2：
Basic Equations for Linear Elastic Body / 2.1.3：
Principle of Virtual Work / 2.1.4：
Expansion to Nonlinear Problems / 2.2：
Geometrical Nonlinearity / 2.2.1：
Material Nonlinearity / 2.2.2：
Expansion to Dynamic Problems / 2.3：
Mass and Damping Matrix / 2.3.1：
Natural Frequency / 2.3.2：
Simulation / 2.3.3：
Spatial Discretization / 2.4：
Derivating Procedure of Element Stiffness / 2.4.1：
Stiffness of Truss Elements / 2.4.2：
Element Stiffness of Plane Stress / 2.4.3：
Element Stiffness of a Three-dimensional Elastic Body / 2.4.4：
Role of Fem in Spring Analysis / 3：
Comparison Of Fem With Conventional Design Meth- ODS / 3.1：
Assumption in Model Construction / 3.1.1：
From Linear to Nonlinear / 3.1.2：
The Utilization of Fem Software / 3.2：
Use of Commercial Software / 3.2.1：
Selection of Commercial Software / 3.2.2：
Development of Dedicated Programs / 3.2.3：
Effectiveness in Design Practice / 3.3：
Single Spring and Peripheral Parts / 3.3.1：
Simulation of the Manufacturing Process / 3.3.2：
Prospect of Future Application / 3.4：
Optimum Design / 3.4.1：
Nonlinear Problems in Manufacturing Simulation / 3.4.2：
Necessity of Material Data / 3.4.3：
Classification and Application of Element / 4：
Introduction of Various Elements / 4.1：
Beam Elements / 4.1.1：
Plate Elements / 4.1.2：
Axisymmetric Elements / 4.1.3：
Cubic Elements (Solid Elements) / 4.1.4：
Contact Elements / 4.1.5：
Selection of Element and Discretizing Practice / 4.2：
Selection of Elements / 4.2.1：
Tips on Discretization / 4.2.2：
Elementary Analysis / 5：
Formed Wire Springs / 5.1：
Stabilizer Bars / 5.2：
Helical Compression Springs / 5.3：
Static Analysis / 5.3.1：
Analysis of Eigenvalue / 5.3.2：
Helical Extension Springs / 5.4：
Helical Torsion Springs / 5.5：
Spiral Springs / 5.6：
Leaf Springs / 5.7：
Flat Springs / 5.8：
Stress Concentration / 5.9：
Stress Concentration on the Periphery of a Center Bolt Hole for Leaf Springs / 5.9.1：
Stress Concentration at the Slit Bottom of a Disc Spring / 5.9.2：
Stress Concentration at the End of a Torsion Bar Spring / 5.9.3：
Expansion of Analytical Handling / 6：
Tubular Stabilizer Bars / 6.1：
Effect of Bush / 6.1.2：
Problem of Contact / 6.2：
Non-circular Cross Section / 6.2.2：
Presetting / 6.2.3：
Surging / 6.2.4：
RBA Type Leaf Springs / 6.3：
Effect of Shackle and Contact Plate / 6.3.2：
Hysteresis Characteristic / 6.3.3：
Wind-up / 6.3.4：
Disc Springs, Ring Springs / 6.3.5：
Disc Springs / 6.4.1：
Ring Springs / 6.4.2：
Index
Springs and Elastic Component / 1：
Spring Constant / 1.1：
Definition of the Spring / 1.1.1：
47.
図書
by Pratul Bandyopadhyay
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
Theory of Spinors / 1：
Spinors and Spin structure / 1.1：
Spinor space and Spinor Algebra / 1.1.1：
Spinors and Tensors / 1.1.2：
Universal Covering space / 1.1.3：
Spinor structure / 1.1.4：
Spinors in Different Dimensions / 1.2：
Simple Spinor Geometry / 1.2.1：
Conformal Spinors / 1.2.2：
Twistors and Cartan Semispinors / 1.2.3：
Supersymmetry and Superspace / 1.3：
Supersymmetry algebra / 1.3.1：
Superspace / 1.3.2：
Spinor structure and superspace / 1.3.3：
Fermions and Topology / 2：
Fermi Field and Nonlinear Sigma Model / 2.1：
Quantization of a Fermi Field and Sympletic Structure / 2.1.1：
Gauge Theorctic Extension of a Fermion and Nonlinear Sigma Model / 2.1.2：
Boson-Fermion Transformation / 2.1.3：
Vortex Line, Magnetic Flux and Fermion Quantization / 2.1.4：
Quantization and Anomaly / 2.2：
Quantum Mechanical Symmetry Breaking and Anomaly / 2.2.1：
Path Integral Formalism and Chiral Anomaly / 2.2.2：
Quantization of a Fermion and Chiral Anomaly / 2.2.3：
Anomaly and Topology / 2.3：
Topological Aspects of Anomaly / 2.3.1：
Chiral Anomaly and Berry Phase / 2.3.2：
Berry Phase and Fermion Number / 2.3.3：
Electroweak Theory / 3：
Weinberg - Salam Theory / 3.1：
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Nature of Vacuum / 3.1.1：
Weinberg-Salam Theory of Electroweak Interaction / 3.1.2：
Renormalization of Yang-Mills Theory with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking / 3.1.3：
Topological Features in Field Theory / 3.2：
The Sine-Gordon Model / 3.2.1：
Vortex Lines / 3.2.2：
The Dirac Monopole / 3.2.3：
The't Hooft Polyakov Monopole / 3.2.4：
Instantons / 3.2.5：
Topological Origin of Mass / 3.3：
Topological Aspects of Chiral Anomaly and Origin of Mass / 3.3.1：
Weak Interaction Gauge Bosons and Topological Origin of Mass / 3.3.2：
Topological Features and Some Aspects of Weak Interaction Phenomenology / 3.3.3：
Skyrme Model / 4：
Nonlinear Sigma Model / 4.1：
Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Nonlinear Sigma Model / 4.1.1：
Nonlinear Sigma Model in Different Dimensions / 4.1.2：
Topological Term in Nonlinear Sigma Model / 4.1.3：
Skyrme Model for Nucleons / 4.2：
Skyrme's Approach: Mesonic Fluid Model / 4.2.1：
Nucleons as Topological Skyrmions / 4.2.2：
Static Properties of Nucleons / 4.2.3：
Baryons as Three Flavor Solitons / 4.3：
Extension of Nuclenoic Model to SU(3) Symmetry / 4.3.1：
Skyrmions and Quantum Chromodynamics / 4.3.2：
Skyrmion Statistics / 4.3.3：
Geometrical Aspects of a Skyrmion / 5：
Microlocal Space Time and Fermions / 5.1：
Microlocal Space Time and Massive Fermions as Solitons / 5.1.1：
Bosonic Degrees of Freedom and Fermion / 5.1.2：
Geometric Phase and [theta]-term / 5.1.3：
Internal Symmetry of Hadrons / 5.2：
Geometrical Aspects of Conformal Spinors / 5.2.1：
Reflection Group and the Internal Symmetry of Hadrons / 5.2.2：
Composite State of Skyrmions and Static Properties of Baryons / 5.2.3：
Supersymmetry and Internal Symmetry / 5.3：
Conformal Spinors and Supersymmetry / 5.3.1：
Reflection Group, Supersymmetry and Internal Symmetry / 5.3.2：
Conformal Spinors and Symmetry Group of Interactions / 5.3.3：
Noncommutative Geometry / 6：
Quantum Space Time / 6.1：
Noncommutative Geometry: Physical Perspective / 6.1.1：
Noncommutative Geometry and Quantum Phase space / 6.1.2：
Noncommutative Geometry and Quantum Group / 6.1.3：
Noncommutative Geometry and Particle Physics / 6.2：
Noncommutative Geometry and Electroweak Theory / 6.2.1：
Noncommutative Geometry and Standard Model / 6.2.2：
Noncommutative Generalization of Gauge Theory / 6.2.3：
Discrete Space as the Internal Space / 6.3：
Noncommutative Geometry and Quantization of a Fermion / 6.3.1：
Noncommutative Geometry, Disconnected Gauge Group and Chiral Anomaly / 6.3.2：
Noncommutative Geometry, Geometrical Aspects of a Skyrmion and Polyakov String / 6.3.3：
References
Subject Index
Preface
Theory of Spinors / 1：
Spinors and Spin structure / 1.1：
48.
図書
Clive D. Rodgers
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
Introduction / Chapter 1：
The Beginnings / 1.1：
Atmospheric Remote Sounding Methods / 1.2：
Thermal emission nadir and limb sounders / 1.2.1：
Scattered solar radiation / 1.2.2：
Absorption of solar radiation / 1.2.3：
Active techniques / 1.2.4：
Simple Solutions to the Inverse Problem / 1.3：
Information Aspects / Chapter 2：
Formal Statement of the Problem / 2.1：
State and measurement vectors / 2.1.1：
The forward model / 2.1.2：
Weighting function matrix / 2.1.3：
Vector spaces / 2.1.4：
Linear Problems without Measurement Error / 2.2：
Subspaces of state space / 2.2.1：
Identifying the null space and the row space / 2.2.2：
Linear Problems with Measurement Error / 2.3：
Describing experimental error / 2.3.1：
The Bayesian approach to inverse problems / 2.3.2：
Bayes' theorem / 2.3.2.1：
Example: The Linear problem with Gaussian statistics / 2.3.2.2：
Degrees of Freedom / 2.4：
How many independent quantities can be measured? / 2.4.1：
Degrees of freedom for signal / 2.4.2：
Information Content of a Measurement / 2.5：
The Fisher information matrix / 2.5.1：
Shannon information content / 2.5.2：
Entropy of a probability density function / 2.5.2.1：
Entropy of a Gaussian distribution / 2.5.2.2：
Information content in the linear Gaussian case / 2.5.2.3：
The Standard Example: Information Content and Degrees of Freedom / 2.6：
Probability Density Functions and the Maximum Entropy Principle / 2.7：
Error Analysis and Characterisation / Chapter 3：
Characterisation / 3.1：
The retrieval method / 3.1.1：
The transfer function / 3.1.3：
Linearisation of the transfer function / 3.1.4：
Interpretation / 3.1.5：
Retrieval method parameters / 3.1.6：
Error Analysis / 3.2：
Smoothing error / 3.2.1：
Forward model parameter error / 3.2.2：
Forward model error / 3.2.3：
Retrieval noise / 3.2.4：
Random and systematic error / 3.2.5：
Representing covariances / 3.2.6：
Resolution / 3.3：
The Standard Example: Linear Gaussian Case / 3.4：
Averaging kernels / 3.4.1：
Error components / 3.4.2：
Modelling error / 3.4.3：
Optimal Linear Inverse Methods / 3.4.4：
The Maximum a Posteriori Solution / 4.1：
Several independent measurements / 4.1.1：
Independent components of the state vector / 4.1.2：
Minimum Variance Solutions / 4.2：
Best Estimate of a Function of the State Vector / 4.3：
Separately Minimising Error Components / 4.4：
Optimising Resolution / 4.5：
Optimal Methods for Non-linear Inverse Problems / Chapter 5：
Determination of the Degree of Nonlinearity / 5.1：
Formulation of the Inverse Problem / 5.2：
Newton and Gauss-Newton Methods / 5.3：
An Alternative Linearisation / 5.4：
Convergence / 5.5：
Expected convergence rate / 5.6.1：
A popular mistake / 5.6.2：
Testing for convergence / 5.6.3：
Testing for correct convergence / 5.6.4：
Recognising and dealing with slow convergence / 5.6.5：
Levenberg-Marquardt Method / 5.7：
Numerical Efficiency / 5.8：
Which formulation for the linear algebra? / 5.8.1：
The n-form / 5.8.1.1：
The m-form / 5.8.1.2：
Sequential updating / 5.8.1.3：
Computation of derivatives / 5.8.2：
Optimising representations / 5.8.3：
Approximations, Short Cuts and Ad-hoc Methods / Chapter 6：
The Constrained Exact Solution / 6.1：
Least Squares Solutions / 6.2：
The overconstrained case / 6.2.1：
The underconstrained case / 6.2.2：
Truncated Singular Vector Decomposition / 6.3：
Twomey-Tikhonov / 6.4：
Approximations for Optimal Methods / 6.5：
Approximate a priori and its covariance / 6.5.1：
Approximate measurement error covariance / 6.5.2：
Approximate weighting functions / 6.5.3：
Direct Multiple Regression / 6.6：
Linear Relaxation / 6.7：
Nonlinear Relaxation / 6.8：
Maximum Entropy / 6.9：
Onion Peeling / 6.10：
The Kalman Filter / Chapter 7：
The Basic Linear Filter / 7.1：
The Kalman Smoother / 7.2：
The Extended Filter / 7.3：
Characterisation and Error Analysis / 7.4：
Validation / 7.5：
Global Data Assimilation / Chapter 8：
Assimilation as a Inverse Problem / 8.1：
Methods for Data Assimilation / 8.2：
Successive correction methods / 8.2.1：
Optimal interpolation / 8.2.2：
Adjoint methods / 8.2.3：
Kalman filtering / 8.2.4：
Preparation of Indirect Measurements for Assimilation / 8.3：
Choice of profile representation / 8.3.1：
Linearised measurements / 8.3.2：
Systematic errors / 8.3.3：
Transformation of a characterised retrieval / 8.3.4：
Numerical Methods for Forward Models and Jacobians / Chapter 9：
The Equation of Radiative Transfer / 9.1：
The Radiative Transfer Integration / 9.2：
Derivatives of Forward Models: Analytic Jacobians / 9.3：
Ray Tracing / 9.4：
Choosing a coordinate system / 9.4.1：
Ray tracing in radial coordinates / 9.4.2：
Horizontally homogeneous case / 9.4.3：
The general case / 9.4.4：
Transmittance Modelling / 9.5：
Line-by-line modelling / 9.5.1：
Band transmittance / 9.5.2：
Inhomogeneous paths / 9.5.3：
Curtis--Godson approximation / 9.5.3.1：
Emissivity growth approximation / 9.5.3.2：
McMillin--Fleming method / 9.5.3.3：
Multiple absorbers / 9.5.3.4：
Construction and Use of Prior Constraints / Chapter 10：
Nature of a Priori / 10.1：
Effect of Prior Constraints on a Retrieval / 10.2：
Choice of Prior Constraints / 10.3：
Retrieval grid / 10.3.1：
Transformation between grids / 10.3.1.1：
Choice of grid for maximum likelihood retrieval / 10.3.1.2：
Choice of grid for maximum a priori retrieval / 10.3.1.3：
Ad hoc Soft constraints / 10.3.2：
Smoothness constraints / 10.3.2.1：
Markov process / 10.3.2.2：
Estimating a priori from real data / 10.3.3：
Estimating a priori from independent sources / 10.3.3.1：
Maximum entropy and the estimation of a priori / 10.3.3.2：
Validating and improving a priori with indirect measurements / 10.3.4：
The nearly linear case / 10.3.4.1：
The moderately non-linear case / 10.3.4.2：
Using Retrievals Which Contain a Priori / 10.4：
Taking averages of sets of retrievals / 10.4.1：
Removing a priori / 10.4.2：
Designing an Observing System / Chapter 11：
Design and Optimisation of Instruments / 11.1：
Forward model construction / 11.1.1：
Retrieval method and diagnostics / 11.1.2：
Optimisation / 11.1.3：
Specifying requirements for the accuracy of parameters / 11.1.4：
Operational Retrieval Design / 11.2：
State vector choice / 11.2.1：
Choice of vertical grid coordinate / 11.2.3：
Choice of parameters describing constitutents / 11.2.3.1：
A priori information / 11.2.4：
Retrieval method / 11.2.5：
Diagnostics / 11.2.6：
Testing and Validating an Observing System / Chapter 12：
The X[superscript 2] Test / 12.1：
Quantities to be Compared and Tested / 12.3：
Internal consistency / 12.3.1：
Does the retrieval agree with the measurement? / 12.3.2：
Consistency with the a priori / 12.3.3：
Measured signal and a priori / 12.3.3.1：
Retrieval and a priori / 12.3.3.2：
Comparison of the retrieved signal and the a priori / 12.3.3.3：
Intercomparison of Different Instruments / 12.4：
Basic requirements for intercomparison / 12.4.1：
Direct comparison of indirect measurements / 12.4.2：
Comparison of linear functions of measurements / 12.4.3：
Algebra of Matrices and Vectors / Appendix A：
Vector Spaces / A.1：
Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues / A.2：
Principal Axes of a Quadratic Form / A.3：
Singular Vector Decomposition / A.4：
Determinant and Trace / A.5：
Calculus with Matrices and Vectors / A.6：
Answers to Exercises / Appendix B：
Terminology and Notation / Appendix C：
Summary of Terminology / C.1：
List of Symbols Used / C.2：
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Introduction / Chapter 1：
The Beginnings / 1.1：
49.
図書
Zhen-Gang Ji
出版情報:
Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Interscience, c2008 xxii, 676 p. ; 25 cm.
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction / 1：
Overview / 1.1：
Understanding Surface Waters / 1.2：
Modeling of Surface Waters / 1.3：
About This Book / 1.4：
Hydrodynamics / 2：
Hydrodynamic Processes / 2.1：
Water Density / 2.1.1：
Conservation Laws / 2.1.2：
Advection and Dispersion / 2.1.3：
Mass Balance Equation / 2.1.4：
Atmospheric Forcings / 2.1.5：
Coriolis Force and Geostrophic Flow / 2.1.6：
Governing Equations / 2.2：
Basic Approximations / 2.2.1：
Equations in Cartesian Coordinates / 2.2.2：
Vertical Mixing and Turbulence Models / 2.2.3：
Equations in Curvilinear Coordinates / 2.2.4：
Initial Conditions and Boundary Conditions / 2.2.5：
Temperature / 2.3：
Heatflux Components / 2.3.1：
Temperature Formulations / 2.3.2：
Hydrodynamic Modeling / 2.4：
Hydrodynamic Parameters and Data Requirements / 2.4.1：
Case Study I: Lake Okeechobee / 2.4.2：
Case Study II: St. Lucie Estuary and Indian River Lagoon / 2.4.3：
Sediment Transport / 3：
Properties of Sediment / 3.1：
Problems Associated with Sediment / 3.1.2：
Sediment Processes / 3.2：
Particle Settling / 3.2.1：
Horizontal Transport of Sediment / 3.2.2：
Resuspension and Deposition / 3.2.3：
Equations for Sediment Transport / 3.2.4：
Turbidity and Secchi Depth / 3.2.5：
Cohesive Sediment / 3.3：
Vertical Profiles of Cohesive Sediment Concentrations / 3.3.1：
Flocculation / 3.3.2：
Settling of Cohesive Sediment / 3.3.3：
Deposition of Cohesive Sediment / 3.3.4：
Resuspension of Cohesive Sediment / 3.3.5：
Noncohesive Sediment / 3.4：
Shields Diagram / 3.4.1：
Settling and Equilibrium Concentration / 3.4.2：
Bed Load Transport / 3.4.3：
Sediment Bed / 3.5：
Characteristics of Sediment Bed / 3.5.1：
A Model for Sediment Bed / 3.5.2：
Wind Waves / 3.6：
Wave Processes / 3.6.1：
Wind Wave Characteristics / 3.6.2：
Wind Wave Models / 3.6.3：
Combined Flows of Wind Waves and Currents / 3.6.4：
Case Study: Wind Wave Modeling in Lake Okeechobee / 3.6.5：
Sediment Transport Modeling / 3.7：
Sediment Parameters and Data Requirements / 3.7.1：
Case Study II: Blackstone River / 3.7.2：
Pathogens and Toxics / 4：
Pathogens / 4.1：
Bacteria, Viruses, and Protozoa / 4.2.1：
Pathogen Indicators / 4.2.2：
Processes Affecting Pathogens / 4.2.3：
Toxic Substances / 4.3：
Toxic Organic Chemicals / 4.3.1：
Metals / 4.3.2：
Sorption and Desorption / 4.3.3：
Fate and Transport Processes / 4.4：
Mathematical Formulations / 4.4.1：
Processes Affecting Fate and Decay / 4.4.2：
Contaminant Modeling / 4.5：
Case Study I: St. Lucie Estuary and Indian River Lagoon / 4.5.1：
Case Study II: Rockford Lake / 4.5.2：
Water Quality and Eutrophication / 5：
Eutrophication / 5.1：
Algae / 5.1.2：
Nutrients / 5.1.3：
Dissolved Oxygen / 5.1.4：
Governing Equations for Water Quality Processes / 5.1.5：
Algal Biomass and Chlorophyll / 5.2：
Equations for Algal Processes / 5.2.2：
Algal Growth / 5.2.3：
Algal Reduction / 5.2.4：
Silica and Diatom / 5.2.5：
Periphyton / 5.2.6：
Organic Carbon / 5.3：
Decomposition of Organic Carbon / 5.3.1：
Equations for Organic Carbon / 5.3.2：
Heterotrophic Respiration and Dissolution / 5.3.3：
Phosphorus / 5.4：
Equations for Phosphorus State Variables / 5.4.1：
Phosphorus Processes / 5.4.2：
Nitrogen / 5.5：
Forms of Nitrogen / 5.5.1：
Equations for Nitrogen State Variables / 5.5.2：
Nitrogen Processes / 5.5.3：
Biochemical Oxygen Demand / 5.6：
Processes and Equations of Dissolved Oxygen / 5.6.2：
Effects of Photosynthesis and Respiration / 5.6.3：
Reaeration / 5.6.4：
Chemical Oxygen Demand / 5.6.5：
Sediment Fluxes / 5.7：
Sediment Diagenesis Model / 5.7.1：
Depositional Fluxes / 5.7.2：
Diagenesis Fluxes / 5.7.3：
Silica / 5.7.4：
Coupling with Sediment Resuspension / 5.7.6：
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation / 5.8：
Equations for a SAV Model / 5.8.1：
Coupling with the Water Quality Model / 5.8.3：
Water Quality Modeling / 5.9：
Model Parameters and Data Requirements / 5.9.1：
External Sources and TMDL / 5.9.2：
Point Sources and Nonpoint Sources / 6.1：
Atmospheric Deposition / 6.2：
Wetlands and Groundwater / 6.3：
Wetlands / 6.3.1：
Groundwater / 6.3.2：
Watershed Processes and TMDL Development / 6.4：
Watershed Processes / 6.4.1：
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) / 6.4.2：
Mathematical Modeling and Statistical Analyses / 7：
Mathematical Models / 7.1：
Numerical Models / 7.1.1：
Model Selection / 7.1.2：
Spatial Resolution and Temporal Resolution / 7.1.3：
Statistical Analyses / 7.2：
Statistics for Model Performance Evaluation / 7.2.1：
Correlation and Regression / 7.2.2：
Spectral Analysis / 7.2.3：
Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) / 7.2.4：
EOF Case Study / 7.2.5：
Model Calibration and Verification / 7.3：
Model Calibration / 7.3.1：
Model Verification and Validation / 7.3.2：
Sensitivity Analysis / 7.3.3：
Rivers / 8：
Characteristics of Rivers / 8.1：
Hydrodynamic Processes in Rivers / 8.2：
River Flow and the Manning Equation / 8.2.1：
Advection and Dispersion in Rivers / 8.2.2：
Flow over Dams / 8.2.3：
Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Rivers / 8.3：
Sediment and Contaminants in Rivers / 8.3.1：
Impacts of River Flow on Water Quality / 8.3.2：
Eutrophication and Periphyton in Rivers / 8.3.3：
Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers / 8.3.4：
River Modeling / 8.4：
Case Study I: Blackstone River / 8.4.1：
Case Study II: Susquehanna River / 8.4.2：
Lakes and Reservoirs / 9：
Characteristics of Lakes and Reservoirs / 9.1：
Key Factors Controlling a Lake / 9.1.1：
Vertical Stratification / 9.1.2：
Biological Zones in Lakes / 9.1.3：
Characteristics of Reservoirs / 9.1.4：
Lake Pollution and Eutrophication / 9.1.5：
Inflow, Outflow, and Water Budget / 9.2：
Wind Forcing and Vertical Circulations / 9.2.2：
Seasonal Variations of Stratification / 9.2.3：
Gyres / 9.2.4：
Seiches / 9.2.5：
Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Lakes / 9.3：
Sediment Deposition in Reservoirs and Lakes / 9.3.1：
Algae and Nutrient Stratifications / 9.3.2：
Dissolved Oxygen Stratifications / 9.3.3：
Internal Cycling and Limiting Functions in Shallow Lakes / 9.3.4：
Lake Modeling / 9.4：
Case Study I: Lake Tenkiller / 9.4.1：
Case Study II: Lake Okeechobee / 9.4.2：
Estuaries and Coastal Waters / 10：
Tidal Processes / 10.1：
Tides / 10.2.1：
Tidal Currents / 10.2.2：
Harmonic Analysis / 10.2.3：
Hydrodynamic Processes in Estuaries / 10.3：
Salinity / 10.3.1：
Estuarine Circulation / 10.3.2：
Stratifications of Estuaries / 10.3.3：
Flushing Time / 10.3.4：
Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Estuaries / 10.4：
Sediment Transport under Tidal Forcing / 10.4.1：
Flocculation of Cohesive Sediment and Sediment Trapping / 10.4.2：
Eutrophication in Estuaries / 10.4.3：
Estuarine and Coastal Modeling / 10.5：
Open Boundary Conditions / 10.5.1：
Case Study I: Morro Bay / 10.5.2：
Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code / 10.5.3：
Toxic Chemical Transport and Fate / A1：
Numerical Schemes / A5：
Documentation and Application Aids / A7：
Conversion Factors / Appendix B：
Contents of Electronic Files / Appendix C：
Channel Model / C1：
St. Lucie Estuary and Indian River Lagoon Model / C2：
Lake Okeechobee Environmental Model / C3：
Documentation and Utility Programs / C4：
Bibliography
Index
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
50.
図書
Roland Hagen, Steffen Roch, Bernd Silbermann
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface
Introduction / 0：
Numerical analysis / 0.1：
Operator chemistry / 0.2：
The algebraic language of numerical analysis / 0.3：
Microscoping / 0.4：
A few remarks on economy / 0.5：
Brief description of the contents / 0.6：
Approximation methods / 1：
Basic definitions / 1.1.1：
Projection methods / 1.1.2：
Finite section method / 1.1.3：
Banach algebras and stability / 1.2：
Algebras, ideals and homomorphisms / 1.2.1：
Algebraization of stability / 1.2.2：
Small perturbations / 1.2.3：
Compact perturbations / 1.2.4：
Finite sections of Toeplitz operators with continuous generating function / 1.3：
Laurent, Toeplitz and Hankel operators / 1.3.1：
Invertibility and Fredholmness of Toeplitz operators / 1.3.2：
The finite section method / 1.3.3：
C*-algebras of approximation sequences / 1.4：
C*-algebras, their ideals and homomorphisms / 1.4.1：
The Toeplitz C*-algebra and the C*-algebra of the finite section method for Toeplitz operators / 1.4.2：
Stability of sequences in the C*-algebra of the finite section method for Toeplitz operators / 1.4.3：
Symbol of the finite section method for Toeplitz operators / 1.4.4：
Asymptotic behaviour of condition numbers / 1.5：
The condition of an operator / 1.5.1：
Convergence of norms / 1.5.2：
Condition numbers of finite sections of Toeplitz operators / 1.5.3：
Fractality of approximation methods / 1.6：
Fractal homomorphisms, fractal algebras, fractal sequences / 1.6.1：
Fractal algebras, and convergence of norms / 1.6.2：
Notes and references
Regularization of approximation methods / 2：
Stably regularizable sequences / 2.1：
Moore-Penrose inverses and regularizations of matrices / 2.1.1：
Moore-Penrose inverses and regularization of operators / 2.1.2：
Stably regularizable approximation sequences / 2.1.3：
Algebraic characterization of stably regularizable sequences / 2.2：
Moore-Penrose invertibility in C*-algebras / 2.2.1：
Stable regularizability, and Moore-Penrose invertibility in F/G / 2.2.2：
Finite sections of Toeplitz operators and their stable regularizability / 2.2.3：
Convergence of generalized condition numbers / 2.2.4：
Difficulties with Moore-Penrose stability / 2.2.5：
Approximation of spectra / 3：
Set sequences / 3.1：
Limiting sets of set functions / 3.1.1：
Coincidence of the partial and uniform limiting set / 3.1.2：
Spectra and their limiting sets / 3.2：
Limiting sets of spectra of norm convergent sequences / 3.2.1：
Limiting sets of spectra: the general case / 3.2.2：
The case of fractal sequences / 3.2.3：
Limiting sets of singular values / 3.2.4：
Pseudospectra and their limiting sets / 3.3：
[varepsilon]-invertibility / 3.3.1：
Limiting sets of pseudospectra / 3.3.2：
Pseudospectra of operator polynomials / 3.3.3：
Numerical ranges and their limiting sets / 3.4：
Spatial and algebraic numerical ranges / 3.4.1：
Limiting sets of numerical ranges / 3.4.2：
Stability analysis for concrete approximation methods / 3.4.3：
Local principles / 4.1：
Commutative C*-algebras / 4.1.1：
The local principle by Allan and Douglas / 4.1.2：
Fredholmness of Toeplitz operators with piecewise continuous generating function / 4.1.3：
Finite sections of Toeplitz operators generated by a piecewise continuous function / 4.2：
The lifting theorem / 4.2.1：
Application of the local principle / 4.2.2：
Galerkin methods with spline ansatz for singular integral equations / 4.2.3：
Finite sections of Toeplitz operators generated by a quasi-continuous function / 4.3：
Quasicontinuous functions / 4.3.1：
Stability of the finite section method / 4.3.2：
Some other classes of oscillating functions / 4.3.3：
Polynomial collocation methods for singular integral operators with piecewise continuous coefficients / 4.4：
Singular integral operators / 4.4.1：
Stability of the polynomial collocation method / 4.4.2：
Collocation versus Galerkin methods / 4.4.3：
Paired circulants and spline approximation methods / 4.5：
Circulants and paired circulants / 4.5.1：
The stability theorem / 4.5.2：
Finite sections of band-dominated operators / 4.6：
Multidimensional band dominated operators / 4.6.1：
Fredholmness of band dominated operators / 4.6.2：
Finite sections of band dominated operators / 4.6.3：
Representation theory / 5：
Representations / 5.1：
The spectrum of a C*-algebra / 5.1.1：
Primitive ideals / 5.1.2：
The spectrum of an ideal and of a quotient / 5.1.3：
Representations of some concrete algebras / 5.1.4：
Postliminal algebras / 5.2：
Liminal and postliminal algebras / 5.2.1：
Dual algebras / 5.2.2：
Finite sections of Wiener-Hopf operators with almost periodic generating function / 5.2.3：
Lifting theorems and representation theory / 5.3：
Lifting one ideal / 5.3.1：
Sufficient families of homomorphisms / 5.3.2：
Structure of fractal lifting homomorphisms / 5.3.4：
Fredholm sequences / 6：
Fredholm sequences in standard algebras / 6.1：
The standard model / 6.1.1：
Fredholm sequences and stable regularizability / 6.1.2：
Fredholm sequences and Moore-Penrose stability / 6.1.4：
Fredholm sequences and the asymptotic behavior of singular values / 6.2：
The main result / 6.2.1：
A distinguished element and its range dimension / 6.2.2：
Upper estimate of dim Im [Pi subscript n] / 6.2.3：
Lower estimate of dim Im [Pi subscript n] / 6.2.4：
Some examples / 6.2.5：
A general Fredholm theory / 6.3：
Centrally compact and Fredholm sequences / 6.3.1：
Fredholmness modulo compact elements / 6.3.2：
Weakly Fredholm sequences / 6.3.3：
Sequences with finite splitting property / 6.4.1：
Properties of weakly Fredholm sequences / 6.4.2：
Strong limits of weakly Fredholm sequences / 6.4.3：
Weakly Fredholm sequences of matrices / 6.4.4：
Some applications / 6.5：
Numerical determination of the kernel dimension / 6.5.1：
Around the finite section method for Toeplitz operators / 6.5.2：
Discretization of shift operators / 6.5.3：
Self-adjoint approximation sequences / 7：
The spectrum of a self-adjoint approximation sequence / 7.1：
Essential and transient points / 7.1.1：
Fractality of self-adjoint sequences / 7.1.2：
Arveson dichotomy: band operators / 7.1.3：
Arveson dichotomy: standard algebras / 7.1.4：
Szego-type theorems / 7.2：
Folner and Szego algebras / 7.2.1：
Szego's theorem revisited / 7.2.2：
A further generalization of Szego's theorem / 7.2.3：
Algebras with unique tracial state / 7.2.4：
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Introduction / 0：
Numerical analysis / 0.1：
図書
