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図書

1. Heat transfer in industrial combustion

Charles E. Baukal, Jr.

出版情報:	Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, c2000 545 p. ; 27 cm
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Introduction / Chapter 1：

Importance of Heat Transfer in Industrial Combustion / 1.1：

Energy Consumption / 1.1.1：

Research Needs / 1.1.2：

Literature Discussion / 1.2：

Heat Transfer / 1.2.1：

Combustion / 1.2.2：

Heat Transfer and Combustion / 1.2.3：

Combustion System Components / 1.3：

Burners / 1.3.1：

Competing Priorities / 1.3.1.1：

Design Factors / 1.3.1.2：

General Burner Types / 1.3.1.3：

Combustors / 1.3.2：

Design Considerations / 1.3.2.1：

General Classifications / 1.3.2.2：

Heat Load / 1.3.3：

Process Tubes / 1.3.3.1：

Moving Substrate / 1.3.3.2：

Opaque Materials / 1.3.3.3：

Transparent Materials / 1.3.3.4：

Heat Recovery Devices / 1.3.4：

Recuperators / 1.3.4.1：

Regenerators / 1.3.4.2：

References

Some Fundamentals of Combustion / Chapter 2：

Combustion Chemistry / 2.1：

Fuel Properties / 2.1.1：

Oxidizer Composition / 2.1.2：

Mixture Ratio / 2.1.3：

Operating Regimes / 2.1.4：

Combustion Properties / 2.2：

Combustion Products / 2.2.1：

Air and Fuel Preheat Temperature / 2.2.1.1：

Fuel Composition / 2.2.1.4：

Flame Temperature / 2.2.2：

Oxidizer and Fuel Composition / 2.2.2.1：

Oxidizer and Fuel Preheat Temperature / 2.2.2.2：

Available Heat / 2.2.3：

Flue Gas Volume / 2.2.4：

Exhaust Product Transport Properties / 2.3：

Density / 2.3.1：

Specific Heat / 2.3.2：

Thermal Conductivity / 2.3.3：

Viscosity / 2.3.4：

Prandtl Number / 2.3.5：

Lewis Number / 2.3.6：

Heat Transfer Modes / Chapter 3：

Convection / 3.1：

Forced Convection / 3.2.1：

Forced Convection from Flames / 3.2.1.1：

Forced Convection from Outside Combustor Wall / 3.2.1.2：

Forced Convection from Hot Gases to Tubes / 3.2.1.3：

Natural Convection / 3.2.2：

Natural Convection from Flames / 3.2.2.1：

Natural Convection from Outside Combustor Wall / 3.2.2.2：

Radiation / 3.3：

Surface Radiation / 3.3.1：

Nonluminous Radiation / 3.3.2：

Theory / 3.3.2.1：

Combustion Studies / 3.3.2.2：

Luminous Radiation / 3.3.3：

Conduction / 3.3.3.1：

Steady-State Conduction / 3.4.1：

Transient Conduction / 3.4.2：

Phase Change / 3.5：

Melting / 3.5.1：

Boiling / 3.5.2：

Internal Boiling / 3.5.2.1：

External Boiling / 3.5.2.2：

Condensation / 3.5.3：

Heat Sources and Sinks / Chapter 4：

Heat Sources / 4.1：

Combustibles / 4.1.1：

Fuel Combustion / 4.1.1.1：

Volatile Combustion / 4.1.1.2：

Thermochemical Heat Release / 4.1.2：

Equilibrium TCHR / 4.1.2.1：

Catalytic TCHR / 4.1.2.2：

Mixed TCHR / 4.1.2.3：

Heat Sinks / 4.2：

Load / 4.2.1：

Tubes / 4.2.1.1：

Substrate / 4.2.1.2：

Granular Solid / 4.2.1.3：

Molten Liquid / 4.2.1.4：

Surface Conditions / 4.2.1.5：

Wall Losses / 4.2.2：

Openings / 4.2.3：

Gas Flow Through Openings / 4.2.3.1：

Material Transport / 4.2.4：

Computer Modeling / Chapter 5：

Combustion Modeling / 5.1：

Modeling Approaches / 5.2：

Fluid Dynamics / 5.2.1：

Moment Averaging / 5.2.1.1：

Vortex Methods / 5.2.1.2：

Spectral Methods / 5.2.1.3：

Direct Numerical Simulation / 5.2.1.4：

Geometry / 5.2.2：

Zero-Dimensional Modeling / 5.2.2.1：

One-Dimensional Modeling / 5.2.2.2：

Multi-dimensional Modeling / 5.2.2.3：

Reaction Chemistry / 5.2.3：

Nonreacting Flows / 5.2.3.1：

Simplified Chemistry / 5.2.3.2：

Complex Chemistry / 5.2.3.3：

Nonradiating / 5.2.4：

Participating Media / 5.2.4.2：

Time Dependence / 5.2.5：

Steady State / 5.2.5.1：

Transient / 5.2.5.2：

Simplified Models / 5.3：

Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling / 5.4：

Increasing Popularity of CFD / 5.4.1：

Potential Problems of CFD / 5.4.2：

Equations / 5.4.3：

Chemistry / 5.4.3.1：

Multiple Phases / 5.4.3.4：

Boundary and Initial Conditions / 5.4.4：

Inlets and Outlets / 5.4.4.1：

Surfaces / 5.4.4.2：

Symmetry / 5.4.4.3：

Discretization / 5.4.5：

Finite Difference Technique / 5.4.5.1：

Finite Volume Technique / 5.4.5.2：

Finite Element Technique / 5.4.5.3：

Mixed / 5.4.5.4：

None / 5.4.5.5：

Solution Methods / 5.4.6：

Model Validation / 5.4.7：

Industrial Combustion Examples / 5.4.8：

Modeling Burners / 5.4.8.1：

Modeling Combustors / 5.4.8.2：

Experimental Techniques / Chapter 6：

Heat Flux / 6.1：

Total Heat Flux / 6.2.1：

Steady-State Uncooled Solids / 6.2.1.1：

Steady-State Cooled Solids / 6.2.1.2：

Steady-State Cooled Gages / 6.2.1.3：

Transient Uncooled Targets / 6.2.1.4：

Transient Uncooled Gages / 6.2.1.5：

Radiant Heat Flux / 6.2.2：

Heat Flux Gage / 6.2.2.1：

Ellipsoidal Radiometer / 6.2.2.2：

Spectral Radiometer / 6.2.2.3：

Other Techniques / 6.2.2.4：

Convective Heat Flux / 6.2.3：

Temperature / 6.3：

Gas Temperature / 6.3.1：

Suction Pyrometer / 6.3.1.1：

Optical Techniques / 6.3.1.2：

Fine Wire Thermocouples / 6.3.1.3：

Line Reversal / 6.3.1.4：

Surface Temperature / 6.3.2：

Embedded Thermocouple / 6.3.2.1：

Infrared Detectors / 6.3.2.2：

Gas Flow / 6.4：

Gas Velocity / 6.4.1：

Pitot Tubes / 6.4.1.1：

Laser Doppler Velocimetry / 6.4.1.2：

Static Pressure Distribution / 6.4.1.3：

Stagnation Velocity Gradient / 6.4.2.1：

Stagnation Zone / 6.4.2.2：

Gas Species / 6.5：

Other Measurements / 6.6：

Physical Modeling / 6.7：

Flame Impingement / Chapter 7：

Experimental Conditions / 7.1：

Configurations / 7.2.1：

Flame Normal to a Cylinder in Crossflow / 7.2.1.1：

Flame Normal to a Hemispherically Nosed Cylinder / 7.2.1.2：

Flame Normal to a Plane Surface / 7.2.1.3：

Flame Parallel to a Plane Surface / 7.2.1.4：

Operating Conditions / 7.2.2：

Oxidizers / 7.2.2.1：

Fuels / 7.2.2.2：

Equivalence Ratios / 7.2.2.3：

Firing Rates / 7.2.2.4：

Reynolds Number / 7.2.2.5：

Nozzle Diameter / 7.2.2.6：

Location / 7.2.2.8：

Stagnation Targets / 7.2.3：

Size / 7.2.3.1：

Target Materials / 7.2.3.2：

Surface Preparation / 7.2.3.3：

Surface Temperatures / 7.2.3.4：

Measurements / 7.2.4：

Semianalytical Heat Transfer Solutions / 7.3：

Equation Parameters / 7.3.1：

Thermophysical Properties / 7.3.1.1：

Sibulkin Results / 7.3.1.2：

Fay and Riddell Results / 7.3.2.2：

Rosner Results / 7.3.2.3：

Comparisons With Experiments / 7.3.3：

Forced Convection (Negligible TCHR) / 7.3.3.1：

Forced Convection with TCHR / 7.3.3.2：

Sample Calculations / 7.3.4：

Laminar Flames Without TCHR / 7.3.4.1：

Turbulent Flames Without TCHR / 7.3.4.2：

Laminar Flames with TCHR

Summary / 7.3.5：

Empirical Heat Transfer Correlations / 7.4：

Flames Impinging Normal to a Cylinder / 7.4.1：

Local Convection Heat Transfer / 7.4.2.1：

Average Convection Heat Transfer / 7.4.2.2：

Average Convection Heat Transfer with TCHR / 7.4.2.3：

Average Radiation Heat Transfer / 7.4.2.4：

Maximum Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer / 7.4.2.5：

Flames Impining Normal to a Hemi-Nosed Cylinder / 7.4.3：

Local Convection Heat Transfer with TCHR / 7.4.3.1：

Flames Impinging Normal to a Plane Surface / 7.4.4：

Flames Parallel to a Plane Surface / 7.4.4.1：

Local Convection Heat Transfer With TCHR / 7.4.5.1：

Local Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer / 7.4.5.2：

Heat Transfer from Burners / Chapter 8：

Open-Flame Burners / 8.1：

Momentum Effects / 8.2.1：

Flame Luminosity / 8.2.2：

Firing Rate Effects / 8.2.3：

Flame Shape Effects / 8.2.4：

Radiant Burners / 8.3：

Perforated Ceramic or Wire Mesh Radiant Burners / 8.3.1：

Flame Impingement Radiant Burners / 8.3.2：

Porous Refractory Radiant Burners / 8.3.3：

Advanced Ceramic Radiant Burners / 8.3.4：

Radiant Wall Burners / 8.3.5：

Radiant Tube Burners / 8.3.6：

Effects on Heat Transfer / 8.4：

Fuel Effects / 8.4.1：

Solid Fuels / 8.4.1.1：

Liquid Fuels / 8.4.1.2：

Gaseous Fuels / 8.4.1.3：

Fuel Temperature / 8.4.1.4：

Oxidizer Effects / 8.4.2：

Oxidizer Temperature / 8.4.2.1：

Staging Effects / 8.4.3：

Fuel Staging / 8.4.3.1：

Oxidizer Staging / 8.4.3.2：

Burner Orientation / 8.4.4：

Hearth-Fired Burners / 8.4.4.1：

Wall-Fired Burners / 8.4.4.2：

Roof-Fired Burners / 8.4.4.3：

Side-Fired Burners / 8.4.4.4：

Heat Recuperation / 8.4.5：

Regenerative Burners / 8.4.5.1：

Recuperative Burners / 8.4.5.2：

Furnace or Flue Gas Recirculation / 8.4.5.3：

Pulse Combustion / 8.4.6：

In-Flame Treatment / 8.5：

Heat Transfer in Furnaces / Chapter 9：

Furnaces / 9.1：

Firing Method / 9.2.1：

Direct Firing / 9.2.1.1：

Indirect Firing / 9.2.1.2：

Heat Distribution / 9.2.1.3：

Load Processing Method / 9.2.2：

Batch Processing / 9.2.2.1：

Continuous Processing / 9.2.2.2：

Hybrid Processing / 9.2.2.3：

Heat Transfer Medium / 9.2.3：

Gaseous Medium / 9.2.3.1：

Vacuum / 9.2.3.2：

Liquid Medium / 9.2.3.3：

Solid Medium / 9.2.3.4：

Rotary Geometry / 9.2.4：

Rectangular Geometry / 9.2.4.2：

Ladle Geometry / 9.2.4.3：

Vertical Cylindrical Geometry / 9.2.4.4：

Furnace Types / 9.2.5：

Reverberatory Furnace / 9.2.5.1：

Shaft Kiln / 9.2.5.2：

Rotary Furnace / 9.2.5.3：

Heat Recovery / 9.3：

Gas Recirculation / 9.3.1：

Flue Gas Recirculation / 9.3.3.1：

Furnace Gas Recirculation / 9.3.3.2：

Lower Temperature Applications / Chapter 10：

Ovens and Dryers / 10.1：

Predryer / 10.2.1：

Dryer / 10.2.2：

Fired Heaters / 10.3：

Reformer / 10.3.1：

Process Heater / 10.3.2：

Heat Treating / 10.4：

Standard Atmosphere / 10.4.1：

Special Atmosphere / 10.4.2：

Higher Temperature Applications / Chapter 11：

Industries / 11.1：

Metals Industry / 11.2：

Ferrous Metal Production / 11.2.1：

Electric Arc Furnace / 11.2.1.1：

Smelting / 11.2.1.2：

Ladle Preheating / 11.2.1.3：

Reheating Furnace / 11.2.1.4：

Forging / 11.2.1.5：

Aluminum Metal Production / 11.2.2：

Minerals Industry / 11.3：

Glass / 11.3.1：

Types of Traditional Glass-Melting Furnaces / 11.3.1.1：

Unit Melter / 11.3.1.2：

Recuperative Melter / 11.3.1.3：

Regenerative or Siemens Furnace / 11.3.1.4：

Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion for Glass Production / 11.3.1.5：

Advanced Techniques for Glass Production / 11.3.1.6：

Cement and Lime / 11.3.2：

Bricks, Refractories, and Ceramics / 11.3.3：

Waste Incineration / 11.4：

Types of Incinerators / 11.4.1：

Municipal Waste Incinerators / 11.4.1.1：

Sludge Incinerators / 11.4.1.2：

Mobile Incinerators / 11.4.1.3：

Transportable Incinerators / 11.4.1.4：

Fixed Hazardous Waste Incinerators / 11.4.1.5：

Heat Transfer in Waste Incineration / 11.4.2：

Advanced Combustion Systems / Chapter 12：

Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion / 12.1：

Typical Use Methods / 12.2.1：

Air Enrichment / 12.2.1.1：

O[subscript 2] Lancing / 12.2.1.2：

Oxy/Fuel / 12.2.1.3：

Air-Oxy/Fuel / 12.2.1.4：

Heat Transfer Benefits / 12.2.2：

Increased Productivity / 12.2.3.1：

Higher Thermal Efficiencies / 12.2.3.2：

Higher Heat Transfer Efficiency / 12.2.3.3.：

Increased Flexibility / 12.2.3.4：

Potential Heat Transfer Problems / 12.2.4：

Refractory Damage / 12.2.4.1：

Nonuniform Heating / 12.2.4.2：

Industrial Heating Applications / 12.2.5：

Metals / 12.2.5.1：

Minerals / 12.2.5.2：

Incineration / 12.2.5.3：

Other / 12.2.5.4：

Submerged Combustion / 12.3：

Metals Production / 12.3.1：

Minerals Production / 12.3.2：

Liquid Heating / 12.3.3：

Miscellaneous / 12.4：

Surface Combustor-Heater / 12.4.1：

Direct-Fired Cylinder Dryer / 12.4.2：

Appendices

Reference Sources for Further Information / Appendix A：

Common Conversions / Appendix B：

Methods of Expressing Mixture Ratios for CH[subscript 4], C[subscript 3]H[subscript 8], and H[subscript 2] / Appendix C：

Properties for CH[subscript 4], C[subscript 3]H[subscript 8], and H[subscript 2] Flames / Appendix D：

Fluid Dynamics Equations / Appendix E：

Material Properties / Appendix F：

Author Index

Subject Index

Introduction / Chapter 1：

Importance of Heat Transfer in Industrial Combustion / 1.1：

Energy Consumption / 1.1.1：

図書

2. Optimization with PDE constraints

M. Hinze ... [et al.]

出版情報:	[Dordrecht] : Springer, c2009 xi, 270 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	Mathematical modelling : theory and applications ; v. 23
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Preface

Analytical Background and Optimality Theory / 1：

Stefan Ulbrich

Introduction and Examples / 1.1：

Introduction / 1.1.1：

Examples for Optimization Problems with PDEs / 1.1.2：

Optimization of a Stationary Heating Process / 1.1.3：

Optimization of an Unsteady Heating Processes / 1.1.4：

Optimal Design / 1.1.5：

Linear Functional Analysis and Sobolev Spaces / 1.2：

Banach and Hilbert Spaces / 1.2.1：

Sobolev Spaces / 1.2.2：

Weak Convergence / 1.2.3：

Weak Solutions of Elliptic and Parabolic PDEs / 1.3：

Weak Solutions of Elliptic PDEs / 1.3.1：

Weak Solutions of Parabolic PDEs / 1.3.2：

Gateaux- and FrÃ©chet Differentiability / 1.4：

Basic Definitions / 1.4.1：

Implicit Function Theorem / 1.4.2：

Existence of Optimal Controls / 1.5：

Existence Result for a General Linear-Quadratic Problem / 1.5.1：

Existence Result for Nonlinear Problems / 1.5.2：

Applications / 1.5.3：

Reduced Problem, Sensitivities and Adjoints / 1.6：

Sensitivity Approach / 1.6.1：

Adjoint Approach / 1.6.2：

Application to a Linear-Quadratic Optimal Control Problem / 1.6.3：

A Lagrangian-Based View of the Adjoint Approach / 1.6.4：

Second Derivatives / 1.6.5：

Optimality Conditions / 1.7：

Optimality Conditions for Simply Constrained Problems / 1.7.1：

Optimality Conditions for Control-Constrained Problems / 1.7.2：

Optimality Conditions for Problems with General Constraints / 1.7.3：

Optimal Control of Instationary Incompressible Navier-Stokes Flow / 1.8：

Functional Analytic Setting / 1.8.1：

Analysis of the Flow Control Problem / 1.8.2：

Reduced Optimal Control Problem / 1.8.3：

Optimization Methods in Banach Spaces / 2：

Michael Ulbrich

Synopsis / 2.1：

Globally Convergent Methods in Banach Spaces / 2.2：

Unconstrained Optimization / 2.2.1：

Optimization on Closed Convex Sets / 2.2.2：

General Optimization Problems / 2.2.3：

Newton-Based Methods-A Preview / 2.3：

Unconstrained Problems-Newton's Method / 2.3.1：

Simple Constraints / 2.3.2：

General Inequality Constraints / 2.3.3：

Generalized Newton Methods / 2.4：

Motivation: Application to Optimal Control / 2.4.1：

A General Superlinear Convergence Result / 2.4.2：

The Classical Newton's Method / 2.4.3：

Generalized Differential and Semismoothness / 2.4.4：

Semismooth Newton Methods / 2.4.5：

Semismooth Newton Methods in Function Spaces / 2.5：

Semismoothness of Superposition Operators / 2.5.1：

Application to Optimal Control / 2.5.3：

Application to Elliptic Optimal Control Problems / 2.5.5：

Optimal Control of the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations / 2.5.7：

Sequential Quadratic Programming / 2.6：

Lagrange-Newton Methods for Equality Constrained Problems / 2.6.1：

The Josephy-Newton Method / 2.6.2：

SQP Methods for Inequality Constrained Problems / 2.6.3：

State-Constrained Problems / 2.7：

SQP Methods / 2.7.1：

Further Aspects / 2.7.2：

Mesh Independence / 2.8.1：

Application of Fast Solvers / 2.8.2：

Other Methods / 2.8.3：

Discrete Concepts in PDE Constrained Optimization / 3：

Michael Hinze

Control Constraints / 3.1：

Stationary Model Problem / 3.2.1：

First Discretize, Then Optimize / 3.2.2：

First Optimize, Then Discretize / 3.2.3：

Discussion and Implications / 3.2.4：

The Variational Discretization Concept / 3.2.5：

Error Estimates / 3.2.6：

Boundary Control / 3.2.7：

Some Literature Related to Control Constraints / 3.2.8：

Constraints on the State / 3.3：

Pointwise Bounds on the State / 3.3.1：

Pointwise Bounds on the Gradient of the State / 3.3.2：

Time Dependent Problem / 3.4：

Mathematical Model, State Equation / 3.4.1：

Optimization Problem / 3.4.2：

Discretization / 3.4.3：

Further Literature on Control of Time-Dependent Problems / 3.4.4：

Rene Pinnau / 4：

Optimal Semiconductor Design / 4.1：

Semiconductor Device Physics / 4.1.1：

The Optimization Problem / 4.1.2：

Numerical Results / 4.1.3：

Optimal Control of Glass Cooling / 4.2：

Modeling / 4.2.1：

Optimal Boundary Control / 4.2.2：

References / 4.2.3：

Preface

Analytical Background and Optimality Theory / 1：

Stefan Ulbrich

図書

3. Computational complexity : a conceptual perspective (: hbk)

Oded Goldreich

出版情報:	Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2008 xxiv, 606 p. ; 27 cm
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List of Figures

Preface

Organization and Chapter Summaries

Acknowledgments

Introduction and Preliminaries / 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

A Brief Overview of Complexity Theory / 1.1.1：

Characteristics of Complexity Theory / 1.1.2：

Contents of This Book / 1.1.3：

Approach and Style of This Book / 1.1.4：

Standard Notations and Other Conventions / 1.1.5：

Computational Tasks and Models / 1.2：

Representation / 1.2.1：

Computational Tasks / 1.2.2：

Uniform Models (Algorithms) / 1.2.3：

Non-uniform Models (Circuits and Advice) / 1.2.4：

Complexity Classes / 1.2.5：

Chapter Notes

P, NP, and NP-Completeness / 2：

The P Versus NP Question / 2.1：

The Search Version: Finding Versus Checking / 2.1.1：

The Decision Version: Proving Versus Verifying / 2.1.2：

Equivalence of the Two Formulations / 2.1.3：

Two Technical Comments Regarding NP / 2.1.4：

The Traditional Definition of NP / 2.1.5：

In Support of P Different from NP / 2.1.6：

Philosophical Meditations / 2.1.7：

Polynomial-Time Reductions / 2.2：

The General Notion of a Reduction / 2.2.1：

Reducing Optimization Problems to Search Problems / 2.2.2：

Self-Reducibility of Search Problems / 2.2.3：

Digest and General Perspective / 2.2.4：

NP-Completeness / 2.3：

Definitions / 2.3.1：

The Existence of NP-Complete Problems / 2.3.2：

Some Natural NP-Complete Problems / 2.3.3：

NP Sets That Are Neither in P nor NP-Complete / 2.3.4：

Reflections on Complete Problems / 2.3.5：

Three Relatively Advanced Topics / 2.4：

Promise Problems / 2.4.1：

Optimal Search Algorithms for NP / 2.4.2：

The Class coNP and Its Intersection with NP / 2.4.3：

Exercises

Variations on P and NP / 3：

Non-uniform Polynomial Time (P/poly) / 3.1：

Boolean Circuits / 3.1.1：

Machines That Take Advice / 3.1.2：

The Polynomial-Time Hierarchy (PH) / 3.2：

Alternation of Quantifiers / 3.2.1：

Non-deterministic Oracle Machines / 3.2.2：

The P/poly Versus NP Question and PH / 3.2.3：

More Resources, More Power? / 4：

Non-uniform Complexity Hierarchies / 4.1：

Time Hierarchies and Gaps / 4.2：

Time Hierarchies / 4.2.1：

Time Gaps and Speedup / 4.2.2：

Space Hierarchies and Gaps / 4.3：

Space Complexity / 5：

General Preliminaries and Issues / 5.1：

Important Conventions / 5.1.1：

On the Minimal Amount of Useful Computation Space / 5.1.2：

Time Versus Space / 5.1.3：

Circuit Evaluation / 5.1.4：

Logarithmic Space / 5.2：

The Class L / 5.2.1：

Log-Space Reductions / 5.2.2：

Log-Space Uniformity and Stronger Notions / 5.2.3：

Undirected Connectivity / 5.2.4：

Non-deterministic Space Complexity / 5.3：

Two Models / 5.3.1：

NL and Directed Connectivity / 5.3.2：

A Retrospective Discussion / 5.3.3：

PSPACE and Games / 5.4：

Randomness and Counting / 6：

Probabilistic Polynomial Time / 6.1：

Basic Modeling Issues / 6.1.1：

Two-Sided Error: The Complexity Class BPP / 6.1.2：

One-Sided Error: The Complexity Classes RP and coRP / 6.1.3：

Zero-Sided Error: The Complexity Class ZPP / 6.1.4：

Randomized Log-Space / 6.1.5：

Counting / 6.2：

Exact Counting / 6.2.1：

Approximate Counting / 6.2.2：

Searching for Unique Solutions / 6.2.3：

Uniform Generation of Solutions / 6.2.4：

The Bright Side of Hardness / 7：

One-Way Functions / 7.1：

Generating Hard Instances and One-Way Functions / 7.1.1：

Amplification of Weak One-Way Functions / 7.1.2：

Hard-Core Preicates / 7.1.3：

Reflections on Hardness Amplification / 7.1.4：

Hard Problems in E / 7.2：

Amplification with Respect to Polynomial-Size Circuits / 7.2.1：

Amplification with Respect to Exponential-Size Circuits / 7.2.2：

Pseudorandom Generators / 8：

The General Paradigm / 8.1：

General-Purpose Pseudorandom Generators / 8.2：

The Basic Definition / 8.2.1：

The Archetypical Application / 8.2.2：

Computational Indistinguishability / 8.2.3：

Amplifying the Stretch Function / 8.2.4：

Constructions / 8.2.5：

Non-uniformly Strong Pseudorandom Generators / 8.2.6：

Stronger Notions and Conceptual Reflections / 8.2.7：

Derandomization of Time-Complexity Classes / 8.3：

Defining Canonical Derandomizers / 8.3.1：

Constructing Canonical Derandomizers / 8.3.2：

Technical Variations and Conceptual Reflections / 8.3.3：

Space-Bounded Distinguishers / 8.4：

Definitional Issues / 8.4.1：

Two Constructions / 8.4.2：

Special-Purpose Generators / 8.5：

Pairwise Independence Generators / 8.5.1：

Small-Bias Generators / 8.5.2：

Random Walks on Expanders / 8.5.3：

Probabilistic Proof Systems / 9：

Interactive Proof Systems / 9.1：

Motivation and Perspective / 9.1.1：

Definition / 9.1.2：

The Power of Interactive Proofs / 9.1.3：

Variants and Finer Structure: An Overview / 9.1.4：

On Computationally Bounded Provers: An Overview / 9.1.5：

Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems / 9.2：

The Power of Zero-Knowledge / 9.2.1：

Proofs of Knowledge - A Parenthetical Subsection / 9.2.3：

Probabilistically Checkable Proof Systems / 9.3：

The Power of Probabilistically Checkable Proofs / 9.3.1：

PCP and Approximation / 9.3.3：

More on PCP Itself: An Overview / 9.3.4：

Relaxing the Requirements / 10：

Approximation / 10.1：

Search or Optimization / 10.1.1：

Decision or Property Testing / 10.1.2：

Average-Case Complexity / 10.2：

The Basic Theory / 10.2.1：

Ramifications / 10.2.2：

Epilogue

Glossary of Complexity Classes / Appendix A：

Preliminaries / A.1：

Algorithm-Based Classes / A.2：

Time Complexity Classes / A.2.1：

Space Complexity Classes / A.2.2：

Circuit-Based Classes / A.3：

On the Quest for Lower Bounds / Appendix B：

Boolean Circuit Complexity / B.1：

Basic Results and Questions / B.2.1：

Monotone Circuits / B.2.2：

Bounded-Depth Circuits / B.2.3：

Formula Size / B.2.4：

Arithmetic Circuits / B.3：

Univariate Polynomials / B.3.1：

Multivariate Polynomials / B.3.2：

Proof Complexity / B.4：

Logical Proof Systems / B.4.1：

Algebraic Proof Systems / B.4.2：

Geometric Proof Systems / B.4.3：

On the Foundations of Modern Cryptography / Appendix C：

The Underlying Principles / C.1：

The Computational Model / C.1.2：

Organization and Beyond / C.1.3：

Computational Difficulty / C.2：

Hard-Core Predicates / C.2.1：

Pseudorandomness / C.3：

Pseudorandom Functions / C.3.1：

Zero-Knowledge / C.4：

The Simulation Paradigm / C.4.1：

The Actual Definition / C.4.2：

A General Result and a Generic Application / C.4.3：

Definitional Variations and Related Notions / C.4.4：

Encryption Schemes / C.5：

Beyond Eavesdropping Security / C.5.1：

Signatures and Message Authentication / C.6：

General Cryptographic Protocols / C.6.1：

The Definitional Approach and Some Models / C.7.1：

Some Known Results / C.7.2：

Construction Paradigms and Two Simple Protocols / C.7.3：

Concluding Remarks / C.7.4：

Probabilistic Preliminaries and Advanced Topics in Randomization / Appendix D：

Probabilistic Preliminaries / D.1：

Notational Conventions / D.1.1：

Three Inequalities / D.1.2：

Hashing / D.2：

The Leftover Hash Lemma / D.2.1：

Sampling / D.3：

Formal Setting / D.3.1：

Known Results / D.3.2：

Hitters / D.3.3：

Randomnes Extractors / D.4：

Definitions and Various Perspectives / D.4.1：

Explicit Constructions / D.4.2：

Error-Correcting Codes / E.1：

Basic Notions / E.1.1：

A Few Popular Codes / E.1.2：

Two Additional Computational Problems / E.1.3：

A List-Decoding Bound / E.1.4：

Expander Graphs / E.2：

Definitions and Properties / E.2.1：

Some Omitted Proofs / E.2.2：

Proving That PH Reduces to #P / F.1：

Proving That IP(f) [characters not reproducible] AM(O(f)) [characters not reproducible] AM(f) / F.2：

Emulating General Interactive Proofs by AM-Games / F.2.1：

Linear Speedup for AM / F.2.2：

Some Computational Problems / Appendix G：

Graphs / G.1：

Boolean Formulae / G.2：

Finite Fields, Polynomials, and Vector Spaces / G.3：

The Determinant and the Permanent / G.4：

Primes and Composite Numbers / G.5：

Bibliography

Index

List of Figures

Preface

Organization and Chapter Summaries

図書

4. The nitro group in organic synthesis

Noboru Ono

出版情報:	New York : Wiley-VCH, c2001 xvi, 372 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名:	Organic nitro chemistry series
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Series Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction / 1.：

Preparation of Nitro Compounds / 2.：

Nitration of Hydrocarbons / 2.1：

Aromatic Compounds / 2.1.1：

Alkanes / 2.1.2：

Activated C-H Compounds / 2.1.3：

Alkenes / 2.1.4：

Synthesis of [alpha]-Nitro Ketones / 2.1.5：

Nitration of Alkyl Halides / 2.1.6：

Synthesis of Nitro Compounds by Oxidation / 2.2：

Oxidation of Amines / 2.2.1：

Oxidation of Oximes / 2.2.2：

The Nitro-Aldol (Henry) Reaction / 3.：

Preparation of [beta]-Nitro Alcohols / 3.1：

Derivatives from [beta]-Nitro Alcohols / 3.2：

Nitroalkenes / 3.2.1：

Nitroalkanes / 3.2.2：

[alpha]-Nitro Ketones / 3.2.3：

[beta]-Amino Alcohols / 3.2.4：

Nitro Sugars and Amino Sugars / 3.2.5：

Stereoselective Henry Reactions and Applications to Organic Synthesis / 3.3：

Michael Addition / 4.：

Addition to Nitroalkenes / 4.1：

Conjugate Addition of Heteroatom-Centered Nucleophiles / 4.1.1：

Conjugate Addition of Heteroatom Nucleophiles and Subsequent Nef Reaction / 4.1.2：

Conjugate Addition of Carbon-Centered Nucleophiles / 4.1.3：

Addition and Elimination Reaction of [beta]-Heterosubstituted Nitroalkenes / 4.2：

Michael Addition of Nitroalkanes / 4.3：

Intermolecular Addition / 4.3.1：

Intramolecular Addition / 4.3.2：

Asymmetric Michael Addition / 4.4：

Chiral Alkenes and Chiral Nitro Compounds / 4.4.1：

Chiral Catalysts / 4.4.2：

Alkylation, Acylation, and Halogenation of Nitro Compounds / 5.：

Alkylation of Nitro Compounds / 5.1：

Acylation of Nitroalkanes / 5.2：

Ring Cleavage of Cyclic [alpha]-Nitro Ketones (Retro-Acylation) / 5.3：

Alkylation of Nitro Compounds via Alkyl Radicals / 5.4：

Alkylation of Nitro Compounds Using Transition Metal Catalysis / 5.5：

Butadiene Telomerization / 5.5.1：

Pd-Catalyzed Allylic C-Alkylation of Nitro Compounds / 5.5.2：

Arylation of Nitro Compounds / 5.6：

Introduction of Heteroatoms to Nitroalkanes / 5.7：

Conversion of Nitro Compounds into Other Compounds / 6.：

Nef Reaction (Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids) / 6.1：

Treatment With Acid (Classical Procedure) / 6.1.1：

Oxidative Method / 6.1.2：

Reductive Method / 6.1.3：

Direct Conversion of Nitroalkenes to Carbonyl Compounds / 6.1.4：

Nitrile Oxides and Nitriles / 6.2：

Reduction of Nitro Compounds into Amines / 6.3：

Ar-NH[subscript 2] From Ar-NO[subscript 2] / 6.3.1：

R-NH[subscript 2] From R-NO[subscript 2] / 6.3.2：

Oximes, Hydroxylamines, and Other Nitrogen Derivatives / 6.3.3：

Substitution and Elimination of NO[subscript 2] in R-NO[subscript 2] / 7.：

R-Nu from R-NO[subscript 2] / 7.1：

Radical Reactions (S[subscript RN]1) / 7.1.1：

Ionic Process / 7.1.2：

Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction / 7.1.3：

Allylic Rearrangement / 7.1.4：

R-H from R-NO[subscript 2] / 7.2：

Radical Denitration / 7.2.1：

Ionic Denitration / 7.2.2：

Alkenes from R-NO[subscript 2] / 7.3：

Radical Elimination / 7.3.1：

Ionic Elimination of Nitro Compounds / 7.3.2：

Cycloaddition Chemistry of Nitro Compounds / 8.：

Diels-Alder Reactions / 8.1：

Nitroalkenes Using Dienophiles / 8.1.1：

Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction / 8.1.2：

1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition / 8.2：

Nitrones / 8.2.1：

Nitrile Oxides / 8.2.2：

Nitronates / 8.2.3：

Nitroalkenes as Heterodienes in Tandem [4+2]/[3+2] Cycloaddition / 8.3：

Nitroalkenes as Heterodienes / 8.3.1：

Tandem [4+2]/[3+2] Cycloaddition of Nitroalkenes / 8.3.2：

Nucleophilic Aromatic Displacement / 9.：

S[subscript N]Ar / 9.1：

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen (NASH) / 9.2：

Carbon Nucleophiles / 9.2.1：

Nitrogen and Other Heteroatom Nucleophiles / 9.2.2：

Applications to Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds / 9.2.3：

Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds / 10.：

Pyrroles / 10.1：

Synthesis of Indoles / 10.2：

Synthesis of Other Nitrogen Heterocycles / 10.3：

Three-Membered Ring / 10.3.1：

Five- and Six-Membered Saturated Rings / 10.3.2：

Miscellaneous / 10.3.3：

Index

Series Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

図書

5. Fundamentals and applications of microfluidics

Nam-Trung Nguyen, Steven T. Wereley

出版情報:	Boston : Artech House, c2002 xiii, 471 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	MEMS--Microelectromechanical systems series
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Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction / Chapter 1：

Microfluidics--The Emerging Technology / 1.1：

What Is Microfluidics? / 1.1.1：

Commercial Aspects / 1.1.2：

Scientific Aspects / 1.1.3：

Milestones of Microfluidics / 1.2：

Device Development / 1.2.1：

Technology Development / 1.2.2：

Organization of the Book / 1.3：

References

Fluid Mechanics Theory / Chapter 2：

Intermolecular Forces / 2.1：

The Three States of Matter / 2.1.2：

Continuum Assumption / 2.1.3：

Continuum Fluid Mechanics at Small Scales / 2.2：

Gas Flows / 2.2.1：

Liquid Flows / 2.2.2：

Boundary Conditions / 2.2.3：

Parallel Flows / 2.2.4：

Low Reynolds Number Flows / 2.2.5：

Entrance Effects / 2.2.6：

Surface Tension / 2.2.7：

Molecular Approaches / 2.3：

MD / 2.3.1：

DSMC Technique / 2.3.2：

Electrokinetics / 2.4：

Electro-Osmosis / 2.4.1：

Electrophoresis / 2.4.2：

Dielectrophoresis / 2.4.3：

Conclusion / 2.5：

Problems

Fabrication Techniques for Microfluidics / Chapter 3：

Basic Microtechniques / 3.1：

Photolithography / 3.1.1：

Additive Techniques / 3.1.2：

Subtractive Techniques / 3.1.3：

Pattern Transfer Techniques / 3.1.4：

Silicon-Based Micromachining Techniques / 3.2：

Silicon Bulk Micromachining / 3.2.1：

Silicon Surface Micromachining / 3.2.2：

Polymer-Based Micromachining Techniques / 3.3：

Thick Resist Lithography / 3.3.1：

Polymeric Surface Micromachining / 3.3.2：

Soft Lithography / 3.3.3：

Microstereo Lithography / 3.3.4：

Micromolding / 3.3.5：

Other Micromachining Techniques / 3.4：

Assembly and Packaging of Microfluidic Devices / 3.4.1：

Wafer Level Assembly and Packaging / 3.5.1：

Device Level Packaging / 3.5.2：

Biocompatibility / 3.6：

Material Response / 3.6.1：

Tissue and Cellular Response / 3.6.2：

Biocompatibility Tests / 3.6.3：

Experimental Flow Characterization / Chapter 4：

Pointwise Methods / 4.1：

Full-Field Methods / 4.1.2：

Overview of Micro-PIV / 4.2：

Fundamental Physics Considerations of Micro-PIV / 4.2.1：

Special Processing Methods for Micro-PIV Recordings / 4.2.2：

Advanced Processing Methods Suitable for Both Micro/Macro-PIV Recordings / 4.2.3：

Micro-PIV Examples / 4.3：

Flow in a Microchannel / 4.3.1：

Flow in a Micronozzle / 4.3.2：

Flow Around a Blood Cell / 4.3.3：

Flow in Microfluidic Biochip / 4.3.4：

Conclusions / 4.3.5：

Extensions of the Micro-PIV technique / 4.4：

Microfluidic Nanoscope / 4.4.1：

Microparticle Image Thermometry / 4.4.2：

Infrared Micro-PIV / 4.4.3：

Particle Tracking Velocimetry / 4.4.4：

Microfluidics for External Flow Control / Chapter 5：

Velocity and Turbulence Measurement / 5.1：

Velocity Sensors / 5.1.1：

Shear Stress Sensors / 5.1.2：

Turbulence Control / 5.2：

Microflaps / 5.2.1：

Microballoon / 5.2.2：

Microsynthetic Jet / 5.2.3：

Microair Vehicles / 5.3：

Fixed-Wing MAV / 5.3.1：

Flapping-Wing MAV / 5.3.2：

Microrotorcraft / 5.3.3：

Microrockets / 5.3.4：

Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Microvalves / Chapter 6：

Design Considerations / 6.1：

Actuators / 6.1.1：

Valve Spring / 6.1.2：

Valve Seat / 6.1.3：

Pressure Compensation Design / 6.1.4：

Pneumatic Valves / 6.2：

Pneumatic Actuators / 6.2.1：

Design Examples / 6.2.2：

Thermopneumatic Valves / 6.3：

Thermopneumatic Actuators / 6.3.1：

Thermomechanical Valves / 6.3.2：

Solid-Expansion Valves / 6.4.1：

Bimetallic Valves / 6.4.2：

Shape-Memory Alloy Valves / 6.4.3：

Piezoelectric Valves / 6.5：

Piezoelectric Actuators / 6.5.1：

Electrostatic Valves / 6.5.2：

Electrostatic Actuators / 6.6.1：

Electromagnetic Valves / 6.6.2：

Electromagnetic Actuators / 6.7.1：

Electrochemical Valves / 6.7.2：

Capillary-Force Valves / 6.9：

Capillary-Force Actuators / 6.9.1：

Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Micropumps / 6.9.2：

Mechanical Pumps / 7.1：

Check-Valve Pumps / 7.1.1：

Peristaltic Pumps / 7.1.3：

Valveless Rectification Pumps / 7.1.4：

Rotary Pumps / 7.1.5：

Centrifugal Pumps / 7.1.6：

Ultrasonic Pumps / 7.1.7：

Nonmechanical Pumps / 7.2：

Electrical Pumps / 7.2.1：

Surface Tension Driven Pumps / 7.2.2：

Chemical Pumps / 7.2.3：

Magnetic Pumps / 7.2.4：

Scaling Law for Micropumps / 7.3：

Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Microflow Sensors / Chapter 8：

Nonthermal Flow Sensors / 8.1：

Differential Pressure Flow Sensors / 8.1.1：

Drag Force Flow Sensors / 8.1.2：

Lift Force Flow Sensors / 8.1.3：

Coriolis Flow Sensors / 8.1.4：

Electrohydrodynamic Flow Sensors / 8.1.5：

Thermal Flow Sensors / 8.2：

Thermoresistive Flow Sensors / 8.2.1：

Thermocapacitive Flow Sensors / 8.2.3：

Thermoelectric Flow Sensors / 8.2.4：

Thermoelectronic Flow Sensors / 8.2.5：

Pyroelectric Flow Sensors / 8.2.6：

Frequency Analog Sensors / 8.2.7：

Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry / Chapter 9：

Microfilters / 9.1：

Microneedles / 9.1.1：

Micromixers / 9.2.1：

Microreactors / 9.3.1：

Microdispensers / 9.4.1：

Microseparators / 9.5.1：

Gas Chromatography / 9.6.1：

Liquid Chromatography / 9.6.3：

List of Symbols / 9.6.4：

Resources for Microfluidics Research / Appendix B：

Abbreviations of Different Plastics / Appendix C：

Linear Elastic Deflection Models / Appendix D：

About the Authors

Index

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction / Chapter 1：

図書

6. The art of writing reasonable organic reaction mechanisms. 2nd ed

Robert B. Grossman

出版情報:	New York : Springer, c2003 xvi, 355 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface to the Student

Preface to the Instructor

The Basics / 1：

Structure and Stability of Organic Compounds / 1.1：

Conventions of Drawing Structures; Grossman's Rule / 1.1.1：

Lewis Structures; Resonance Structures / 1.1.2：

Molecular Shape; Hybridization / 1.1.3：

Aromaticity / 1.1.4：

Bronsted Acidity and Basicity / 1.2：

pK[subscript a] Values / 1.2.1：

Tautomerism / 1.2.2：

Kinetics and Thermodynamics / 1.3：

Getting Started in Drawing a Mechanism / 1.4：

Classes of Overall Transformations / 1.5：

Classes of Mechanisms / 1.6：

Polar Mechanisms / 1.6.1：

Free-Radical Mechanisms / 1.6.2：

Pericyclic Mechanisms / 1.6.3：

Transition-Metal-Catalyzed and -Mediated Mechanisms / 1.6.4：

Summary / 1.7：

Problems

Polar Reactions under Basic Conditions / 2：

Substitution and Elimination at C(sp[superscript 3])-X [sigma] Bonds, Part I / 2.1：

Substitution by the S[subscript N]2 Mechanism / 2.1.1：

[beta]-Elimination by the E2 and Elcb Mechanisms / 2.1.2：

Predicting Substitution vs. Elimination / 2.1.3：

Addition of Nucleophiles to Electrophilic [pi] Bonds / 2.2：

Addition to Carbonyl Compounds / 2.2.1：

Conjugate Addition; The Michael Reaction / 2.2.2：

Substitution at C(sp[superscript 2])-X [sigma] Bonds / 2.3：

Substitution at Carbonyl C / 2.3.1：

Substitution at Alkenyl and Aryl C / 2.3.2：

Metal Insertion; Halogen-Metal Exchange / 2.3.3：

Substitution and Elimination at C(sp[superscript 3])-X [sigma] Bonds, Part II / 2.4：

Substitution by the S[subscript RN]1 Mechanism / 2.4.1：

Substitution by the Elimination-Addition Mechanism / 2.4.2：

Substitution by the One-Electron Transfer Mechanism / 2.4.3：

[alpha]-Elimination; Generation and Reactions of Carbenes / 2.4.4：

Base-Promoted Rearrangements / 2.5：

Migration from C to C / 2.5.1：

Migration from C to O or N / 2.5.2：

Migration from B to C or O / 2.5.3：

Two Multistep Reactions / 2.6：

The Swern Oxidation / 2.6.1：

The Mitsunobu Reaction / 2.6.2：

Polar Reactions Under Acidic Conditions / 2.7：

Carbocations / 3.1：

Carbocation Stability / 3.1.1：

Carbocation Generation; The Role of Protonation / 3.1.2：

Typical Reactions of Carbocations; Rearrangements / 3.1.3：

Substitution and [beta]-Elimination Reactions at C(sp[superscript 3])-X / 3.2：

Substitution by the S[subscript N]1 and S[subscript N]2 Mechanisms / 3.2.1：

[beta]-Elimination by the E1 Mechanism / 3.2.2：

Electrophilic Addition to Nucleophilic C=C [pi] Bonds / 3.2.3：

Substitution at Nucleophilic C=C [pi] Bonds / 3.4：

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution / 3.4.1：

Aromatic Substitution of Anilines via Diazonium Salts / 3.4.2：

Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution / 3.4.3：

Nucleophilic Addition to and Substitution at Electrophilic [pi] Bonds / 3.5：

Heteroatom Nucleophiles / 3.5.1：

Carbon Nucleophiles / 3.5.2：

Pericyclic Reactions / 3.6：

Introduction / 4.1：

Classes of Pericyclic Reactions / 4.1.1：

Polyene MOs / 4.1.2：

Electrocyclic Reactions / 4.2：

Typical Reactions / 4.2.1：

Stereospecificity / 4.2.2：

Stereoselectivity / 4.2.3：

Cycloadditions / 4.3：

Regioselectivity / 4.3.1：

Sigmatropic Rearrangements / 4.3.3：

Ene Reactions / 4.4.1：

Free-Radical Reactions / 4.6：

Free Radicals / 5.1：

Stability / 5.1.1：

Generation from Closed-Shell Species / 5.1.2：

Chain vs. Nonchain Mechanisms / 5.1.3：

Chain Free-Radical Reactions / 5.2：

Substitution Reactions / 5.2.1：

Addition and Fragmentation Reactions / 5.2.2：

Nonchain Free-Radical Reactions / 5.3：

Photochemical Reactions / 5.3.1：

Reductions and Oxidations with Metals / 5.3.2：

Cycloaromatizations / 5.3.3：

Miscellaneous Radical Reactions / 5.4：

1,2-Anionic Rearrangements; Lone-Pair Inversion / 5.4.1：

Triplet Carbenes and Nitrenes / 5.4.2：

Transition-Metal-Mediated and -Catalyzed Reactions / 5.5：

Introduction to the Chemistry of Transition Metals / 6.1：

Conventions of Drawing Structures / 6.1.1：

Counting Electrons / 6.1.2：

Stoichiometric vs. Catalytic Mechanisms / 6.1.3：

Addition Reactions / 6.2：

Late-Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenation and Hydrometallation (Pd, Pt, Rh) / 6.2.1：

Hydroformylation (Co, Rh) / 6.2.2：

Hydrozirconation (Zr) / 6.2.3：

Alkene Polymerization (Ti, Zr, Sc, and others) / 6.2.4：

Cyclopropanation, Epoxidation, and Aziridination of Alkenes (Cu, Rh, Mn, Ti) / 6.2.5：

Dihydroxylation and Aminohydroxylation of Alkenes (Os) / 6.2.6：

Nucleophilic Addition to Alkenes and Alkynes (Hg, Pd) / 6.2.7：

Conjugate Addition Reactions (Cu) / 6.2.8：

Reductive Coupling Reactions (Ti, Zr) / 6.2.9：

Pauson-Khand Reaction (Co) / 6.2.10：

Dotz Reaction (Cr) / 6.2.11：

Metal-Catalyzed Cycloaddition and Cyclotrimerization (Co, Ni, Rh) / 6.2.12：

Hydrogenolysis (Pd) / 6.3：

Carbonylation of Alkyl Halides (Pd, Rh) / 6.3.2：

Heck Reaction (Pd) / 6.3.3：

Coupling Reactions Between Nucleophiles and C(sp[superscript 2])-X: Kumada, Stille, Suzuki, Negishi, Buchwald-Hartwig, Sonogashira, and Ullmann Reactions (Ni, Pd, Cu) / 6.3.4：

Allylic Substitution (Pd) / 6.3.5：

Pd-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkenes; Wacker Oxidation / 6.3.6：

Tebbe Reaction (Ti) / 6.3.7：

Propargyl Substitution in Co-Alkyne Complexes / 6.3.8：

Rearrangement Reactions / 6.4：

Alkene Isomerization (Rh) / 6.4.1：

Olefin and Alkyne Metathesis (Ru, W, Mo, Ti) / 6.4.2：

Elimination Reactions / 6.5：

Oxidation of Alcohols (Cr, Ru) / 6.5.1：

Decarbonylation of Aldehydes (Rh) / 6.5.2：

Mixed-Mechanism Problems / 6.6：

A Final Word

Index

Preface to the Student

Preface to the Instructor

The Basics / 1：

図書

7. Polymer solutions : an introduction to physical properties

Iwao Teraoka

出版情報:	New York : Wiley, c2002 xv, 338 p ; 25 cm
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Preface

Models of Polymer Chains / 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

Chain Architecture / 1.1.1：

Models of a Linear Polymer Chain / 1.1.2：

Real Chains and Ideal Chains / 1.1.3：

Ideal Chains / 1.2：

Random Walk in One Dimension / 1.2.1：

Random Walks in Two and Three Dimensions / 1.2.2：

Dimensions of Random-Walk Chains / 1.2.3：

Problems / 1.2.4：

Gaussian Chain / 1.3：

What is a Gaussian Chain? / 1.3.1：

Dimension of a Gaussian Chain / 1.3.2：

Entropy Elasticity / 1.3.3：

Real Chains / 1.3.4：

Excluded Volume / 1.4.1：

Dimension of a Real Chain / 1.4.2：

Self-Avoiding Walk / 1.4.3：

Semirigid Chains / 1.4.4：

Examples of Semirigid Chains / 1.5.1：

Wormlike Chain / 1.5.2：

Branched Chains / 1.5.3：

Architecture of Branched Chains / 1.6.1：

Dimension of Branched Chains / 1.6.2：

Molecular Weight Distribution / 1.6.3：

Average Molecular Weights / 1.7.1：

Typical Distributions / 1.7.2：

Concentration Regimes / 1.7.3：

Concentration Regimes for Linear Flexible Polymers / 1.8.1：

Concentration Regimes for Rodlike Molecules / 1.8.2：

Thermodynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions / 1.8.3：

Polymer Solutions and Thermodynamics / 2.1：

Flory-Huggins Mean-Field Theory / 2.2：

Model / 2.2.1：

Free Energy, Chemical Potentials, and Osmotic Pressure / 2.2.2：

Dilute Solutions / 2.2.3：

Coexistence Curve and Stability / 2.2.4：

Polydisperse Polymer / 2.2.5：

Phase Diagram and Theta Solutions / 2.2.6：

Phase Diagram / 2.3.1：

Theta Solutions / 2.3.2：

Coil-Globule Transition / 2.3.3：

Solubility Parameter / 2.3.4：

Static Light Scattering / 2.3.5：

Sample Geometry in Light-Scattering Measurements / 2.4.1：

Scattering by a Small Particle / 2.4.2：

Scattering by a Polymer Chain / 2.4.3：

Scattering by Many Polymer Chains / 2.4.4：

Correlation Function and Structure Factor / 2.4.5：

Structure Factor of a Polymer Chain / 2.4.6：

Light Scattering of a Polymer Solution / 2.4.7：

Other Scattering Techniques / 2.4.8：

Size Exclusion Chromatography and Confinement / 2.4.9：

Separation System / 2.5.1：

Plate Theory / 2.5.2：

Partitioning of Polymer with a Pore / 2.5.3：

Calibration of SEC / 2.5.4：

SEC With an On-Line Light-Scattering Detector / 2.5.5：

Appendixes / 2.5.6：

Review of Thermodynamics for Colligative Properties in Nonideal Solutions / 2.A：

Osmotic Pressure / 2.A.1：

Vapor Pressure Osmometry / 2.A.2：

Another Approach to Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions / 2.B：

Correlation Function of a Gaussian Chain / 2.C：

Dynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions / 3：

Dynamics of Polymer Solutions / 3.1：

Dynamic Light Scattering and Diffusion of Polymers / 3.2：

Measurement System and Autocorrelation Function / 3.2.1：

Autocorrelation Function / 3.2.2：

Dynamic Structure Factor of Suspended Particles / 3.2.3：

Diffusion of Particles / 3.2.4：

Diffusion and DLS / 3.2.5：

Dynamic Structure Factor of a Polymer Solution / 3.2.6：

Hydrodynamic Radius / 3.2.7：

Particle Sizing / 3.2.8：

Diffusion From Equation of Motion / 3.2.9：

Diffusion as Kinetics / 3.2.10：

Concentration Effect on Diffusion / 3.2.11：

Diffusion in a Nonuniform System / 3.2.12：

Viscosity / 3.2.13：

Viscosity of Solutions / 3.3.1：

Measurement of Viscosity / 3.3.2：

Intrinsic Viscosity / 3.3.3：

Flow Field / 3.3.4：

Normal Modes / 3.3.5：

Rouse Model / 3.4.1：

Normal Coordinates / 3.4.2：

Equation of Motion for the Normal Coordinates in the Rouse Model / 3.4.3：

Results of the Normal-Coordinates / 3.4.4：

Results for the Rouse Model / 3.4.5：

Zimm Model / 3.4.6：

Dynamic Structure Factor / 3.4.7：

Motion of Monomers / 3.4.9：

Dynamics of Rodlike Molecules / 3.4.10：

Diffusion Coefficients / 3.5.1：

Rotational Diffusion / 3.5.2：

Dynamics of Wormlike Chains / 3.5.3：

Appendices / 3.5.6：

Evaluation of [left angle bracket]q[subscript i superscript 2 right angle bracket subscript eq] / 3.A：

Evaluation of [left angle bracket]exp[ik [middle dot] (Aq - Bp) right angle bracket] / 3.B：

Initial Slope of S[subscript 1](k,t) / 3.C：

Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Semidilute Solutions / 4：

Semidilute Polymer Solutions / 4.1：

Thermodynamics of Semidilute Polymer Solutions / 4.2：

Blob Model / 4.2.1：

Scaling Theory and Semidilute Solutions / 4.2.2：

Partitioning with a Pore / 4.2.3：

Dynamics of Semidilute Solutions / 4.2.4：

Cooperative Diffusion / 4.3.1：

Tube Model and Reptation Theory / 4.3.2：

References / 4.3.3：

Further Reading

Linear Discriminants / 2：

Preliminaries / 2.1：

The Perceptron / 2.2：

The Learning Rate ? / 2.2.1：

The Bias Input / 2.2.2：

The Perceptron Learning Algorithm / 2.2.3：

An Example of Perceptron Learning / 2.2.4：

Implementation / 2.2.5：

Testing the Network / 2.2.6：

Linear Separability / 2.3：

The Exclusive Or (XOR) Function / 2.3.1：

A Useful Insight / 2.3.2：

Another Example: The Pima Indian Dataset / 2.3.3：

Linear Regression / 2.4：

Linear Regression Examples / 2.4.1：

Practice Questions

The Multi-Layer Perceptron / 3：

Going Forwards / 3.1：

Biases / 3.1.1：

Going Backwards: Back-Propagation of Error / 3.2：

The Multi-Layer Preceptron Algorithm / 3.2.1：

Initialising the Weights / 3.2.2：

Different Output Activation Functions / 3.2.3：

Sequential and Batch Training / 3.2.4：

Local Minima / 3.2.5：

Picking Up Momentum / 3.2.6：

Other Improvements / 3.2.7：

The Multi-Layer Perceptron in Practice / 3.3：

Data Preparation / 3.3.1：

Amount of Training Data / 3.3.2：

Number of Hidden Layers / 3.3.3：

Generalisation and Overfitting / 3.3.4：

Training, Testing, and Validation / 3.3.5：

When to Stop Learning / 3.3.6：

Computing and Evaluating the Results / 3.3.7：

Examples of Using the MLP / 3.4：

A Regression Problem / 3.4.1：

Classification with the MLP / 3.4.2：

A Classification Example / 3.4.3：

Time-Series Prediction / 3.4.4：

Data Compression: The Auto-Associative Network / 3.4.5：

Overview / 3.5：

Deriving Back-Propagation / 3.6：

The Network Output and the Error / 3.6.1：

The Error of the Network / 3.6.2：

A Suitable Activation Function / 3.6.3：

Back-Propagation of Error / 3.6.4：

Radial Basis Functions and Splines / 4：

Concepts / 4.1：

Weight Space / 4.1.1：

Receptive Fields / 4.1.2：

The Radial Basis Function (RBF) Network / 4.2：

Training the RBF Network / 4.2.1：

The Curse of Dimensionality / 4.3：

Interpolation and Basis Functions / 4.4：

Bases and Basis Functions / 4.4.1：

The Cubic Spline / 4.4.2：

Fitting the Spline to the Data / 4.4.3：

Smoothing Splines / 4.4.4：

Higher Dimensions / 4.4.5：

Beyond the Bounds / 4.4.6：

Support Vector Machines / 5：

Optimal Separation / 5.1：

Kernels / 5.2：

Example: XOR / 5.2.1：

Extensions to the Support Vector Machine / 5.2.2：

Learning with Trees / 6：

Using Decision Trees / 6.1：

Constructing Decision Trees / 6.2：

Quick Aside: Entropy in Information Theory / 6.2.1：

ID3 / 6.2.2：

Implementing Trees and Graphs in Python / 6.2.3：

Implementation of the Decision Tree / 6.2.4：

Dealing with Continuous Variables / 6.2.5：

Computational Complexity / 6.2.6：

Classification and Regression Trees (CART) / 6.3：

Gini Impurity / 6.3.1：

Regression in Trees / 6.3.2：

Classification Example / 6.4：

Decision by Committee: Ensemble Learning / 7：

Boosting / 7.1：

AdaBoost / 7.1.1：

Stumpting / 7.1.2：

Bagging / 7.2：

Subagging / 7.2.1：

Different Ways to Combine Classifiers / 7.3：

Probability and Learning / 8：

Turning Data into Probabilities / 8.1：

Minimising Risk / 8.1.1：

The Naive Bayes' Classifier / 8.1.2：

Some Basic Statistics / 8.2：

Averages / 8.2.1：

Variance and Covariance / 8.2.2：

The Gaussian / 8.2.3：

The Bias-Variance Tradeoff / 8.2.4：

Gaussian Mixture Models / 8.3：

The Expectation-Maximisation (EM) Algorithm / 8.3.1：

Nearest Neighbour Methods / 8.4：

Nearest Neighbour Smoothing / 8.4.1：

Efficient Distance Computations: the KD-Tree / 8.4.2：

Distance Measures / 8.4.3：

Unsupervised Learning / 9：

The ?-Means Algorithm / 9.1：

Dealing with Noise / 9.1.1：

The ?-Means Neural Network / 9.1.2：

Normalisation / 9.1.3：

A Better Weight Update Rule / 9.1.4：

Example: The Iris Dataset Again / 9.1.5：

Using Competitive Learning for Clustering / 9.1.6：

Vector Quantisation / 9.2：

The Self-Organising Feature Map / 9.3：

The SOM Algorithm / 9.3.1：

Neighbourhood Connections / 9.3.2：

Self-Organisation / 9.3.3：

Network Dimensionality and Boundary Conditions / 9.3.4：

Examples of Using the SOM / 9.3.5：

Dimensionality Reduction / 10：

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) / 10.1：

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) / 10.2：

Relation with the Multi-Layer Perceptron / 10.2.1：

Kernel PCA / 10.2.2：

Factor Analysis / 10.3：

Independent Components Analysis (ICA) / 10.4：

Locally Linear Embedding / 10.5：

Isomap / 10.6：

Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) / 10.6.1：

Optimisation and Search / 11：

Going Downhill / 11.1：

Least-Squares Optimisation / 11.2：

Taylor Expansion / 11.2.1：

The Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm / 11.2.2：

Conjugate Gradients / 11.3：

Conjugate Gradients Example / 11.3.1：

Search: Three Basic Approaches / 11.4：

Exhaustive Search / 11.4.1：

Greedy Search / 11.4.2：

Hill Climbing / 11.4.3：

Exploitation and Exploration / 11.5：

Simulated Annealing / 11.6：

Comparison / 11.6.1：

Evolutionary Learning / 12：

The Genetic Algorithm (GA) / 12.1：

String Representation / 12.1.1：

Evaluating Fitness / 12.1.2：

Population / 12.1.3：

Generating Offspring: Parent Selection / 12.1.4：

Generating Offspring: Genetic Operators / 12.2：

Crossover / 12.2.1：

Mutation / 12.2.2：

Elitism, Tournaments, and Niching / 12.2.3：

Using Genetic Algorithms / 12.3：

Map Colouring / 12.3.1：

Punctuated Equilibrium / 12.3.2：

Example: The Knapsack Problem / 12.3.3：

Example: The Four Peaks Problem / 12.3.4：

Limitations of the GA / 12.3.5：

Training Neural Networks with Genetic Algorithms / 12.3.6：

Genetic Programming / 12.4：

Combining Sampling with Evolutionary Learning / 12.5：

Reinforcement Learning / 13：

Example: Getting Lost / 13.1：

State and Action Spaces / 13.2.1：

Carrots and Sticks: the Reward Function / 13.2.2：

Discounting / 13.2.3：

Action Selection / 13.2.4：

Policy / 13.2.5：

Markov Decision Processes / 13.3：

The Markov Property / 13.3.1：

Probabilities in Markov Decision Processes / 13.3.2：

Values / 13.4：

Back on Holiday: Using Reinforcement Learning / 13.5：

The Difference between Sarsa and Q-Learning / 13.6：

Uses of Reinforcement Learning / 13.7：

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Methods / 14：

Sampling / 14.1：

Random Numbers / 14.1.1：

Gaussian Random Numbers / 14.1.2：

Monte Carlo or Bust / 14.2：

The Proposal Distribution / 14.3：

Markov Chain Monte Carlo / 14.4：

Markov Chains / 14.4.1：

The Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm / 14.4.2：

Simulated Annealing (Again) / 14.4.3：

Gibbs Sampling / 14.4.4：

Graphical Models / 15：

Bayesian Networks / 15.1：

Example: Exam Panic / 15.1.1：

Approximate Inference / 15.1.2：

Making Bayesian Networks / 15.1.3：

Markov Random Fields / 15.2：

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) / 15.3：

The Forward Algorithm / 15.3.1：

The Viterbi Algorithm / 15.3.2：

The Baum-Welch or Forward-Backward Algorithm / 15.3.3：

Tracking Methods / 15.4：

The Kalman Filter / 15.4.1：

The Particle Filter / 15.4.2：

Python / 16：

Installing Python and Other Packages / 16.1：

Getting Started / 16.2：

Python for MATLAB and R users / 16.2.1：

Code Basics / 16.3：

Writing and Importing Code / 16.3.1：

Control Flow / 16.3.2：

Functions / 16.3.3：

The doc String / 16.3.4：

map and lambda / 16.3.5：

Exceptions / 16.3.6：

Classes / 16.3.7：

Using NumPy and Matplotlib / 16.4：

Arrays / 16.4.1：

Linear Algebra / 16.4.2：

Plotting / 16.4.4：

Index

Prologue

Introduction / 1：

If Data Had Mass, the Earth Would Be a Black Hole / 1.1：

20.

図書

20. Data mining using grammar based genetic programming and applications

by Man Leung Wong, Kwong Sak Leung

出版情報:	Boston : Kluwer Academic, c2000 xiv, 213 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名:	Genetic programming series ; GPEM 3
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List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface

Introduction / Chapter 1：

Data Mining / 1.1.：

Motivation / 1.2.：

Contributions of the Book / 1.3.：

Outline of the Book / 1.4.：

An Overview of Data Mining / Chapter 2：

Decision Tree Approach / 2.1.：

ID3 / 2.1.1.：

C4.5 / 2.1.2.：

Classification Rule / 2.2.：

AQ Algorithm / 2.2.1.：

CN2 / 2.2.2.：

C4.5RULES / 2.2.3.：

Association Rule Mining / 2.3.：

Apriori / 2.3.1.：

Quantitative Association Rule Mining / 2.3.2.：

Statistical Approach / 2.4.：

Bayesian Classifier / 2.4.1.：

Forty-Niner / 2.4.2.：

Explora / 2.4.3.：

Bayesian Network Learning / 2.5.：

Other Approaches / 2.6.：

An Overview on Evolutionary Algorithms / Chapter 3：

Evolutionary Algorithms / 3.1.：

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) / 3.2.：

The Canonical Genetic Algorithm / 3.2.1.：

Selection Methods / 3.2.1.1.：

Recombination Methods / 3.2.1.2.：

Inversion and Reordering / 3.2.1.3.：

Steady State Genetic Algorithms / 3.2.2.：

Hybrid Algorithms / 3.2.3.：

Genetic Programming (GP) / 3.3.：

Introduction to the Traditional GP / 3.3.1.：

Strongly Typed Genetic Programming (STGP) / 3.3.2.：

Evolution Strategies (ES) / 3.4.：

Evolutionary Programming (EP) / 3.5.：

Inductive Logic Programming / Chapter 4：

Inductive Concept Learning / 4.1.：

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) / 4.2.：

Interactive ILP / 4.2.1.：

Empirical ILP / 4.2.2.：

Techniques And Methods of ILP / 4.3.：

Bottom-up ILP Systems / 4.3.1.：

Top-down ILP Systems / 4.3.2.：

Foil / 4.3.2.1.：

mFOIL / 4.3.2.2.：

The Logic Grammars Based Genetic Programming System (Logenpro) / Chapter 5：

Logic Grammars / 5.1.：

Representations of Programs / 5.2.：

Crossover of Programs / 5.3.：

Mutation of Programs / 5.4.：

The Evolution Process of LOGENPRO / 5.5.：

Discussion / 5.6.：

Data Mining Applications Using Logenpro / Chapter 6：

Learning Functional Programs / 6.1.：

Learning S-expressions Using LOGENPRO / 6.1.1.：

The DOT PRODUCT Problem / 6.1.2.：

Learning Sub-functions Using Explicit Knowledge / 6.1.3.：

Inducing Decision Trees Using LOGENPRO / 6.2.：

Representing Decision Trees as S-expressions / 6.2.1.：

The Credit Screening Problem / 6.2.2.：

The Experiment / 6.2.3.：

Learning Logic Program From Imperfect Data / 6.3.：

The Chess Endgame Problem / 6.3.1.：

The Setup of Experiments / 6.3.2.：

Comparison of LOGENPRO With FOIL / 6.3.3.：

Comparison of LOGENPRO With BEAM-FOIL / 6.3.4.：

Comparison of LOGENPRO With mFOIL1 / 6.3.5.：

Comparison of LOGENPRO With mFOIL2 / 6.3.6.：

Comparison of LOGENPRO With mFOIL3 / 6.3.7.：

Comparison of LOGENPRO With mFOIL4 / 6.3.8.：

Applying Logenpro for Rule Learning / 6.3.9.：

Grammar / 7.1.：

Genetic Operators / 7.2.：

Evaluation of Rules / 7.3.：

Learning Multiple Rules From Data / 7.4.：

Previous Approaches / 7.4.1.：

Pre-selection / 7.4.1.1.：

Crowding / 7.4.1.2.：

Deterministic Crowding / 7.4.1.3.：

Fitness Sharing / 7.4.1.4.：

Token Competition / 7.4.2.：

The Complete Rule Learning Approach / 7.4.3.：

Experiments With Machine Learning Databases / 7.4.4.：

Experimental Results on the Iris Plant Database / 7.4.4.1.：

Experimental Results on the Monk Database / 7.4.4.2.：

Medical Data Mining / Chapter 8：

A Case Study on the Fracture Database / 8.1.：

A Case Study on the Scoliosis Database / 8.2.：

Rules for Scoliosis Classification / 8.2.1.：

Rules About Treatment / 8.2.2.：

Conclusion and Future Work / Chapter 9：

Conclusion / 9.1.：

Future Work / 9.2.：

The Rule Sets Discovered / Appendix A：

The Best Rule Set Learned from the Iris Database / A.1.：

The Best Rule Set Learned from the Monk Database / A.2.：

Monk1 / A.2.1.：

Monk2 / A.2.2.：

Monk3 / A.2.3.：

The Best Rule Set Learned from the Fracture Database / A.3.：

Type I rules: About Diagnosis / A.3.1.：

Type II Rules: About Operation/Surgeon / A.3.2.：

Type III Rules: About Stay / A.3.3.：

The Best Rule Set Learned from the Scoliosis Database / A.4.：

Rules for Classification / A.4.1.：

King-I / A.4.1.1.：

King-II / A.4.1.2.：

King-III / A.4.1.3.：

King-IV / A.4.1.4.：

King-V / A.4.1.5.：

TL / A.4.1.6.：

L / A.4.1.7.：

Rules for Treatment / A.4.2.：

Observation / A.4.2.1.：

Bracing / A.4.2.2.：

The Grammar Used for the Fracture and Scoliosis Databases / Appendix B：

The Grammar for the Fracture Database / B.1.：

The Grammar for the Scoliosis Database / B.2.：

References

Index

List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface

21.

図書

21. FEM for springs

M. Shimoseki, T. Hamano, T. Imaizumi (eds.) ; organized by T. Kuwabara

出版情報:	Berlin : Springer, c2003 xiii, 233 p. ; 25 cm
子書誌情報:	loading…
所蔵情報:	loading…

目次情報: 続きを見る

Springs and Elastic Component / 1：

Spring Constant / 1.1：

Definition of the Spring / 1.1.1：

Tangential Gradient / 1.1.2：

System of Multiple Degrees of Freedom / 1.1.3：

Elastic Component in a Vibration System / 1.2：

Vibration Equations / 1.2.1：

Chords of a Guitar / 1.2.2：

Wave Equation / 1.2.3：

First Stages of Analysis / 1.3：

Orientation / 1.3.1：

Steps of Analysis / 1.3.2：

A Pitfall in the Approximate Solution / 1.3.3：

Element Stiffness of Elastic Component / 1.3.4：

One-Dimensional Combination of Components / 1.4：

Coupling Between Components / 1.4.1：

Generalized Matrix Equation for Coupled Elastic Components / 1.4.2：

Verification of Boundary Condition Type / 1.4.3：

Parallel Coupling of Elastic Components / 1.4.4：

Transverse Stiffness of Elastic Components / 1.4.5：

Plane Structures / 1.5：

Transformation of Coordinates / 1.5.1：

Obliquely Connected Components / 1.5.2：

From Components to Finite Elements / 1.5.3：

Outline of Finite Element Method (FEM) / 2：

Fundamentals of Elasto-Plasticity Dynamics / 2.1：

Viewpoint of Continuum Dynamics / 2.1.1：

General Equations / 2.1.2：

Basic Equations for Linear Elastic Body / 2.1.3：

Principle of Virtual Work / 2.1.4：

Expansion to Nonlinear Problems / 2.2：

Geometrical Nonlinearity / 2.2.1：

Material Nonlinearity / 2.2.2：

Expansion to Dynamic Problems / 2.3：

Mass and Damping Matrix / 2.3.1：

Natural Frequency / 2.3.2：

Simulation / 2.3.3：

Spatial Discretization / 2.4：

Derivating Procedure of Element Stiffness / 2.4.1：

Stiffness of Truss Elements / 2.4.2：

Element Stiffness of Plane Stress / 2.4.3：

Element Stiffness of a Three-dimensional Elastic Body / 2.4.4：

Role of Fem in Spring Analysis / 3：

Comparison Of Fem With Conventional Design Meth- ODS / 3.1：

Assumption in Model Construction / 3.1.1：

From Linear to Nonlinear / 3.1.2：

The Utilization of Fem Software / 3.2：

Use of Commercial Software / 3.2.1：

Selection of Commercial Software / 3.2.2：

Development of Dedicated Programs / 3.2.3：

Effectiveness in Design Practice / 3.3：

Single Spring and Peripheral Parts / 3.3.1：

Simulation of the Manufacturing Process / 3.3.2：

Prospect of Future Application / 3.4：

Optimum Design / 3.4.1：

Nonlinear Problems in Manufacturing Simulation / 3.4.2：

Necessity of Material Data / 3.4.3：

Classification and Application of Element / 4：

Introduction of Various Elements / 4.1：

Beam Elements / 4.1.1：

Plate Elements / 4.1.2：

Axisymmetric Elements / 4.1.3：

Cubic Elements (Solid Elements) / 4.1.4：

Contact Elements / 4.1.5：

Selection of Element and Discretizing Practice / 4.2：

Selection of Elements / 4.2.1：

Tips on Discretization / 4.2.2：

Elementary Analysis / 5：

Formed Wire Springs / 5.1：

Stabilizer Bars / 5.2：

Helical Compression Springs / 5.3：

Static Analysis / 5.3.1：

Analysis of Eigenvalue / 5.3.2：

Helical Extension Springs / 5.4：

Helical Torsion Springs / 5.5：

Spiral Springs / 5.6：

Leaf Springs / 5.7：

Flat Springs / 5.8：

Stress Concentration / 5.9：

Stress Concentration on the Periphery of a Center Bolt Hole for Leaf Springs / 5.9.1：

Stress Concentration at the Slit Bottom of a Disc Spring / 5.9.2：

Stress Concentration at the End of a Torsion Bar Spring / 5.9.3：

Expansion of Analytical Handling / 6：

Tubular Stabilizer Bars / 6.1：

Effect of Bush / 6.1.2：

Problem of Contact / 6.2：

Non-circular Cross Section / 6.2.2：

Presetting / 6.2.3：

Surging / 6.2.4：

RBA Type Leaf Springs / 6.3：

Effect of Shackle and Contact Plate / 6.3.2：

Hysteresis Characteristic / 6.3.3：

Wind-up / 6.3.4：

Disc Springs, Ring Springs / 6.3.5：

Disc Springs / 6.4.1：

Ring Springs / 6.4.2：

Index

Springs and Elastic Component / 1：

Spring Constant / 1.1：

Definition of the Spring / 1.1.1：

22.

図書

22. Geometry, topology and quantum field theory

by Pratul Bandyopadhyay

出版情報:	Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic, c2003 xi, 217 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名:	Fundamental theories of physics ; v. 130
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目次情報: 続きを見る

Preface

Theory of Spinors / 1：

Spinors and Spin structure / 1.1：

Spinor space and Spinor Algebra / 1.1.1：

Spinors and Tensors / 1.1.2：

Universal Covering space / 1.1.3：

Spinor structure / 1.1.4：

Spinors in Different Dimensions / 1.2：

Simple Spinor Geometry / 1.2.1：

Conformal Spinors / 1.2.2：

Twistors and Cartan Semispinors / 1.2.3：

Supersymmetry and Superspace / 1.3：

Supersymmetry algebra / 1.3.1：

Superspace / 1.3.2：

Spinor structure and superspace / 1.3.3：

Fermions and Topology / 2：

Fermi Field and Nonlinear Sigma Model / 2.1：

Quantization of a Fermi Field and Sympletic Structure / 2.1.1：

Gauge Theorctic Extension of a Fermion and Nonlinear Sigma Model / 2.1.2：

Boson-Fermion Transformation / 2.1.3：

Vortex Line, Magnetic Flux and Fermion Quantization / 2.1.4：

Quantization and Anomaly / 2.2：

Quantum Mechanical Symmetry Breaking and Anomaly / 2.2.1：

Path Integral Formalism and Chiral Anomaly / 2.2.2：

Quantization of a Fermion and Chiral Anomaly / 2.2.3：

Anomaly and Topology / 2.3：

Topological Aspects of Anomaly / 2.3.1：

Chiral Anomaly and Berry Phase / 2.3.2：

Berry Phase and Fermion Number / 2.3.3：

Electroweak Theory / 3：

Weinberg - Salam Theory / 3.1：

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Nature of Vacuum / 3.1.1：

Weinberg-Salam Theory of Electroweak Interaction / 3.1.2：

Renormalization of Yang-Mills Theory with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking / 3.1.3：

Topological Features in Field Theory / 3.2：

The Sine-Gordon Model / 3.2.1：

Vortex Lines / 3.2.2：

The Dirac Monopole / 3.2.3：

The't Hooft Polyakov Monopole / 3.2.4：

Instantons / 3.2.5：

Topological Origin of Mass / 3.3：

Topological Aspects of Chiral Anomaly and Origin of Mass / 3.3.1：

Weak Interaction Gauge Bosons and Topological Origin of Mass / 3.3.2：

Topological Features and Some Aspects of Weak Interaction Phenomenology / 3.3.3：

Skyrme Model / 4：

Nonlinear Sigma Model / 4.1：

Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Nonlinear Sigma Model / 4.1.1：

Nonlinear Sigma Model in Different Dimensions / 4.1.2：

Topological Term in Nonlinear Sigma Model / 4.1.3：

Skyrme Model for Nucleons / 4.2：

Skyrme's Approach: Mesonic Fluid Model / 4.2.1：

Nucleons as Topological Skyrmions / 4.2.2：

Static Properties of Nucleons / 4.2.3：

Baryons as Three Flavor Solitons / 4.3：

Extension of Nuclenoic Model to SU(3) Symmetry / 4.3.1：

Skyrmions and Quantum Chromodynamics / 4.3.2：

Skyrmion Statistics / 4.3.3：

Geometrical Aspects of a Skyrmion / 5：

Microlocal Space Time and Fermions / 5.1：

Microlocal Space Time and Massive Fermions as Solitons / 5.1.1：

Bosonic Degrees of Freedom and Fermion / 5.1.2：

Geometric Phase and [theta]-term / 5.1.3：

Internal Symmetry of Hadrons / 5.2：

Geometrical Aspects of Conformal Spinors / 5.2.1：

Reflection Group and the Internal Symmetry of Hadrons / 5.2.2：

Composite State of Skyrmions and Static Properties of Baryons / 5.2.3：

Supersymmetry and Internal Symmetry / 5.3：

Conformal Spinors and Supersymmetry / 5.3.1：

Reflection Group, Supersymmetry and Internal Symmetry / 5.3.2：

Conformal Spinors and Symmetry Group of Interactions / 5.3.3：

Noncommutative Geometry / 6：

Quantum Space Time / 6.1：

Noncommutative Geometry: Physical Perspective / 6.1.1：

Noncommutative Geometry and Quantum Phase space / 6.1.2：

Noncommutative Geometry and Quantum Group / 6.1.3：

Noncommutative Geometry and Particle Physics / 6.2：

Noncommutative Geometry and Electroweak Theory / 6.2.1：

Noncommutative Geometry and Standard Model / 6.2.2：

Noncommutative Generalization of Gauge Theory / 6.2.3：

Discrete Space as the Internal Space / 6.3：

Noncommutative Geometry and Quantization of a Fermion / 6.3.1：

Noncommutative Geometry, Disconnected Gauge Group and Chiral Anomaly / 6.3.2：

Noncommutative Geometry, Geometrical Aspects of a Skyrmion and Polyakov String / 6.3.3：

References

Subject Index

Preface

Theory of Spinors / 1：

Spinors and Spin structure / 1.1：

23.

図書

23. Hydrodynamics and water quality : modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries

Zhen-Gang Ji

出版情報:	Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Interscience, c2008 xxii, 676 p. ; 25 cm.
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Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction / 1：

Overview / 1.1：

Understanding Surface Waters / 1.2：

Modeling of Surface Waters / 1.3：

About This Book / 1.4：

Hydrodynamics / 2：

Hydrodynamic Processes / 2.1：

Water Density / 2.1.1：

Conservation Laws / 2.1.2：

Advection and Dispersion / 2.1.3：

Mass Balance Equation / 2.1.4：

Atmospheric Forcings / 2.1.5：

Coriolis Force and Geostrophic Flow / 2.1.6：

Governing Equations / 2.2：

Basic Approximations / 2.2.1：

Equations in Cartesian Coordinates / 2.2.2：

Vertical Mixing and Turbulence Models / 2.2.3：

Equations in Curvilinear Coordinates / 2.2.4：

Initial Conditions and Boundary Conditions / 2.2.5：

Temperature / 2.3：

Heatflux Components / 2.3.1：

Temperature Formulations / 2.3.2：

Hydrodynamic Modeling / 2.4：

Hydrodynamic Parameters and Data Requirements / 2.4.1：

Case Study I: Lake Okeechobee / 2.4.2：

Case Study II: St. Lucie Estuary and Indian River Lagoon / 2.4.3：

Sediment Transport / 3：

Properties of Sediment / 3.1：

Problems Associated with Sediment / 3.1.2：

Sediment Processes / 3.2：

Particle Settling / 3.2.1：

Horizontal Transport of Sediment / 3.2.2：

Resuspension and Deposition / 3.2.3：

Equations for Sediment Transport / 3.2.4：

Turbidity and Secchi Depth / 3.2.5：

Cohesive Sediment / 3.3：

Vertical Profiles of Cohesive Sediment Concentrations / 3.3.1：

Flocculation / 3.3.2：

Settling of Cohesive Sediment / 3.3.3：

Deposition of Cohesive Sediment / 3.3.4：

Resuspension of Cohesive Sediment / 3.3.5：

Noncohesive Sediment / 3.4：

Shields Diagram / 3.4.1：

Settling and Equilibrium Concentration / 3.4.2：

Bed Load Transport / 3.4.3：

Sediment Bed / 3.5：

Characteristics of Sediment Bed / 3.5.1：

A Model for Sediment Bed / 3.5.2：

Wind Waves / 3.6：

Wave Processes / 3.6.1：

Wind Wave Characteristics / 3.6.2：

Wind Wave Models / 3.6.3：

Combined Flows of Wind Waves and Currents / 3.6.4：

Case Study: Wind Wave Modeling in Lake Okeechobee / 3.6.5：

Sediment Transport Modeling / 3.7：

Sediment Parameters and Data Requirements / 3.7.1：

Case Study II: Blackstone River / 3.7.2：

Pathogens and Toxics / 4：

Pathogens / 4.1：

Bacteria, Viruses, and Protozoa / 4.2.1：

Pathogen Indicators / 4.2.2：

Processes Affecting Pathogens / 4.2.3：

Toxic Substances / 4.3：

Toxic Organic Chemicals / 4.3.1：

Metals / 4.3.2：

Sorption and Desorption / 4.3.3：

Fate and Transport Processes / 4.4：

Mathematical Formulations / 4.4.1：

Processes Affecting Fate and Decay / 4.4.2：

Contaminant Modeling / 4.5：

Case Study I: St. Lucie Estuary and Indian River Lagoon / 4.5.1：

Case Study II: Rockford Lake / 4.5.2：

Water Quality and Eutrophication / 5：

Eutrophication / 5.1：

Algae / 5.1.2：

Nutrients / 5.1.3：

Dissolved Oxygen / 5.1.4：

Governing Equations for Water Quality Processes / 5.1.5：

Algal Biomass and Chlorophyll / 5.2：

Equations for Algal Processes / 5.2.2：

Algal Growth / 5.2.3：

Algal Reduction / 5.2.4：

Silica and Diatom / 5.2.5：

Periphyton / 5.2.6：

Organic Carbon / 5.3：

Decomposition of Organic Carbon / 5.3.1：

Equations for Organic Carbon / 5.3.2：

Heterotrophic Respiration and Dissolution / 5.3.3：

Phosphorus / 5.4：

Equations for Phosphorus State Variables / 5.4.1：

Phosphorus Processes / 5.4.2：

Nitrogen / 5.5：

Forms of Nitrogen / 5.5.1：

Equations for Nitrogen State Variables / 5.5.2：

Nitrogen Processes / 5.5.3：

Biochemical Oxygen Demand / 5.6：

Processes and Equations of Dissolved Oxygen / 5.6.2：

Effects of Photosynthesis and Respiration / 5.6.3：

Reaeration / 5.6.4：

Chemical Oxygen Demand / 5.6.5：

Sediment Fluxes / 5.7：

Sediment Diagenesis Model / 5.7.1：

Depositional Fluxes / 5.7.2：

Diagenesis Fluxes / 5.7.3：

Silica / 5.7.4：

Coupling with Sediment Resuspension / 5.7.6：

Submerged Aquatic Vegetation / 5.8：

Equations for a SAV Model / 5.8.1：

Coupling with the Water Quality Model / 5.8.3：

Water Quality Modeling / 5.9：

Model Parameters and Data Requirements / 5.9.1：

External Sources and TMDL / 5.9.2：

Point Sources and Nonpoint Sources / 6.1：

Atmospheric Deposition / 6.2：

Wetlands and Groundwater / 6.3：

Wetlands / 6.3.1：

Groundwater / 6.3.2：

Watershed Processes and TMDL Development / 6.4：

Watershed Processes / 6.4.1：

Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) / 6.4.2：

Mathematical Modeling and Statistical Analyses / 7：

Mathematical Models / 7.1：

Numerical Models / 7.1.1：

Model Selection / 7.1.2：

Spatial Resolution and Temporal Resolution / 7.1.3：

Statistical Analyses / 7.2：

Statistics for Model Performance Evaluation / 7.2.1：

Correlation and Regression / 7.2.2：

Spectral Analysis / 7.2.3：

Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) / 7.2.4：

EOF Case Study / 7.2.5：

Model Calibration and Verification / 7.3：

Model Calibration / 7.3.1：

Model Verification and Validation / 7.3.2：

Sensitivity Analysis / 7.3.3：

Rivers / 8：

Characteristics of Rivers / 8.1：

Hydrodynamic Processes in Rivers / 8.2：

River Flow and the Manning Equation / 8.2.1：

Advection and Dispersion in Rivers / 8.2.2：

Flow over Dams / 8.2.3：

Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Rivers / 8.3：

Sediment and Contaminants in Rivers / 8.3.1：

Impacts of River Flow on Water Quality / 8.3.2：

Eutrophication and Periphyton in Rivers / 8.3.3：

Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers / 8.3.4：

River Modeling / 8.4：

Case Study I: Blackstone River / 8.4.1：

Case Study II: Susquehanna River / 8.4.2：

Lakes and Reservoirs / 9：

Characteristics of Lakes and Reservoirs / 9.1：

Key Factors Controlling a Lake / 9.1.1：

Vertical Stratification / 9.1.2：

Biological Zones in Lakes / 9.1.3：

Characteristics of Reservoirs / 9.1.4：

Lake Pollution and Eutrophication / 9.1.5：

Inflow, Outflow, and Water Budget / 9.2：

Wind Forcing and Vertical Circulations / 9.2.2：

Seasonal Variations of Stratification / 9.2.3：

Gyres / 9.2.4：

Seiches / 9.2.5：

Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Lakes / 9.3：

Sediment Deposition in Reservoirs and Lakes / 9.3.1：

Algae and Nutrient Stratifications / 9.3.2：

Dissolved Oxygen Stratifications / 9.3.3：

Internal Cycling and Limiting Functions in Shallow Lakes / 9.3.4：

Lake Modeling / 9.4：

Case Study I: Lake Tenkiller / 9.4.1：

Case Study II: Lake Okeechobee / 9.4.2：

Estuaries and Coastal Waters / 10：

Tidal Processes / 10.1：

Tides / 10.2.1：

Tidal Currents / 10.2.2：

Harmonic Analysis / 10.2.3：

Hydrodynamic Processes in Estuaries / 10.3：

Salinity / 10.3.1：

Estuarine Circulation / 10.3.2：

Stratifications of Estuaries / 10.3.3：

Flushing Time / 10.3.4：

Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Estuaries / 10.4：

Sediment Transport under Tidal Forcing / 10.4.1：

Flocculation of Cohesive Sediment and Sediment Trapping / 10.4.2：

Eutrophication in Estuaries / 10.4.3：

Estuarine and Coastal Modeling / 10.5：

Open Boundary Conditions / 10.5.1：

Case Study I: Morro Bay / 10.5.2：

Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code / 10.5.3：

Toxic Chemical Transport and Fate / A1：

Numerical Schemes / A5：

Documentation and Application Aids / A7：

Conversion Factors / Appendix B：

Contents of Electronic Files / Appendix C：

Channel Model / C1：

St. Lucie Estuary and Indian River Lagoon Model / C2：

Lake Okeechobee Environmental Model / C3：

Documentation and Utility Programs / C4：

Bibliography

Index

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

24.

図書

24. Mechanical microsensors (: gw)

M. Elwenspoek, R. Wiegerink

出版情報:	Berlin : Springer-Verlag, c2001 x, 295 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名:	Microtechnology and MEMS
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Introduction / 1：

MEMS / 2：

Miniaturisation and Systems / 2.1：

Examples for MEMS / 2.2：

Bubble Jet / 2.2.1：

Actuators / 2.2.2：

Micropumps / 2.2.3：

Small and Large: Scaling / 2.3：

Electromagnetic Forces / 2.3.1：

Coulomb Friction / 2.3.2：

Mechanical Strength / 2.3.3：

Dynamic Properties / 2.3.4：

Available Fabrication Technology / 2.4：

Technologies Based on Lithography / 2.4.1：

Silicon Micromachining / 2.4.1.1：

LIGA / 2.4.1.2：

Miniaturisation of Conventional Technologies / 2.4.2：

Introduction into Silicon Micromachining / 3：

Photolithography / 3.1：

Thin Film Deposition and Doping / 3.2：

Silicon Dioxide / 3.2.1：

Chemical Vapour Deposition / 3.2.2：

Evaporation / 3.2.3：

Sputterdeposition / 3.2.4：

Doping / 3.2.5：

Wet Chemical Etching / 3.3：

Isotropic Etching / 3.3.1：

Anisotropic Etching / 3.3.2：

Etch Stop / 3.3.3：

Waferbonding / 3.4：

Anodic Bonding / 3.4.1：

Silicon Fusion Bonding / 3.4.2：

Plasma Etching / 3.5：

Plasma / 3.5.1：

Anisotropic Plasma Etching Modes / 3.5.2：

Configurations / 3.5.3：

Black Silicon Method / 3.5.4：

Surface Micromachining / 3.6：

Thin Film Stress / 3.6.1：

Sticking / 3.6.2：

Mechanics of Membranes and Beams / 4：

Dynamics of the Mass Spring System / 4.1：

Strings / 4.2：

Beams / 4.3：

Stress and Strain / 4.3.1：

Bending Energy / 4.3.2：

Radius of Curvature / 4.3.3：

Lagrange Function of a Flexible Beam / 4.3.4：

Differential Equation for Beams / 4.3.5：

Boundary Conditions for Beams / 4.3.6：

Examples / 4.3.7：

Mechanical Stability / 4.3.8：

Transversal Vibration of Beams / 4.3.9：

Diaphragms and Membranes / 4.4：

Circular Diaphragms / 4.4.1：

Square Membranes / 4.4.2：

Buckling of Bridges / Appendix 4.1：

Principles of Measuring Mechanical Quantities: Transduction of Deformation / 5：

Metal Strain Gauges / 5.1：

Semiconductor Strain Gauges / 5.2：

Piezoresistive Effect in Single Crystalline Silicon / 5.2.1：

Piezoresistive Effect in Polysilicon Thin Films / 5.2.2：

Transduction from Deformation to Resistance / 5.2.3：

Capacitive Transducers / 5.3：

Electromechanics / 5.3.1：

Diaphragm Pressure Sensors / 5.3.2：

Force and Pressure Sensors / 6：

Force Sensors / 6.1：

Load Cells / 6.1.1：

Pressure Sensors / 6.2：

Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors / 6.2.1：

Capacitive Pressure Sensors / 6.2.2：

Force Compensation Pressure Sensors / 6.2.3：

Resonant Pressure Sensors / 6.2.4：

Miniature Microphones / 6.2.5：

Tactile Imaging Arrays / 6.2.6：

Acceleration and Angular Rate Sensors / 7：

Acceleration Sensors / 7.1：

Bulk Micromachined Accelerometers / 7.1.1：

Surface Micromachined Accelerometers / 7.1.3：

Force Feedback / 7.1.4：

Angular Rate Sensors / 7.2：

Flow sensors / 8：

The Laminar Boundary Layer / 8.1：

The Navier-Stokes Equations / 8.1.1：

Heat Transport / 8.1.2：

Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer / 8.1.3：

Thermal Boundary Layer / 8.1.4：

Skin Friction and Heat Transfer / 8.1.5：

Heat Transport in the Limit of Very Small Reynolds Numbers / 8.2：

Thermal Flow Sensors / 8.3：

Anemometer Type Flow Sensors / 8.3.1：

Two-Wire Anemometers / 8.3.2：

Calorimetric Type Flow Sensors / 8.3.3：

Sound Intensity Sensors - The Microflown / 8.3.4：

Time of Flight Sensors / 8.3.5：

Skin Friction Sensors / 8.4：

"Dry Fluid Flow" Sensors / 8.5：

"Wet Fluid Flow" Sensors / 8.6：

Resonant Sensors / 9：

Basic Principles and Physics / 9.1：

The Differential Equation of a Prismatic Microbridge / 9.1.1：

Solving the Homogeneous, Undamped Problem using Laplace Transforms / 9.1.3：

Solving the Inhomogeneous Problem by Modal Analysis / 9.1.4：

Response to Axial Loads / 9.1.5：

Quality Factor / 9.1.6：

Nonlinear Large-Amplitude Effects / 9.1.7：

Excitation and Detection Mechanisms / 9.2：

Electrostatic Excitation and Capacitive Detection / 9.2.1：

Magnetic Excitation and Detection / 9.2.2：

Piezoelectric Excitation and Detection / 9.2.3：

Electrothermal Excitation and Piezoresistive Detection / 9.2.4：

Optothermal Excitation and Optical Detection / 9.2.5：

Dielectric Excitation and Detection / 9.2.6：

Examples and Applications / 9.3：

Electronic Interfacing / 10：

Piezoresistive Sensors / 10.1：

Wheatstone Bridge Configurations / 10.1.1：

Amplification of the Bridge Output Voltage / 10.1.2：

Noise and Offset / 10.1.3：

Feedback Control Loops / 10.1.4：

Interfacing with Digital Systems / 10.1.5：

Analog-to-Digital Conversion / 10.1.5.1：

Voltage to Frequency Converters / 10.1.5.2：

Capacitive Sensors / 10.2：

Impedance Bridges / 10.2.1：

Capacitance Controlled Oscillators / 10.2.2：

Frequency Dependent Behavior of Resonant Sensors / 10.3：

Realizing an Oscillator / 10.3.2：

One-Port Versus Two-Port Resonators / 10.3.3：

Oscillator Based on One-Port Electrostatically Driven Beam Resonator / 10.3.4：

Oscillator Based on Two-Port Electrodynamically Driven H-shaped Resonator / 10.3.5：

Packaging / 11：

Packaging Techniques / 11.1：

Standard Packages / 11.1.1：

Chip Mounting Methods / 11.1.2：

Wafer Level Packaging

Interconnection Techniques / 11.1.3：

Multichip Modules / 11.1.4：

Encapsulation Processes / 11.1.5：

Stress Reduction / 11.2：

Inertial Sensors / 11.3：

References / 11.5：

Index

Introduction / 1：

MEMS / 2：

Miniaturisation and Systems / 2.1：

25.

図書

25. Computational contact and impact mechanics : fundamentals of modeling interfacial phenomena in nonlinear finite element analysis

Tod A. Laursen

出版情報:	Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2002 xv, 454 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	Engineering online library
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Preface

Introduction / 1：

Scope of this Monograph / 1.1：

Useful Background for this Presentation / 1.2：

Overview / 1.3：

Finite Element Formulations in Nonlinear Solid Mechanics / 2：

Initial/Boundary Value Problems in the Kinematically Lin-ear Regime / 2.1：

Strong Form of the EBVP / 2.1.1：

Weak Form of the IBVP / 2.1.2：

The IBVP in the Finite Strain Case / 2.2：

Notation and Problem Formulation / 2.2.1：

Finite Strain Kinematics / 2.2.2：

Stress Definitions Appropriate for Large Deformations / 2.2.3：

Frame Indifference / 2.2.4：

The Strong Form in Finite Strains / 2.2.5：

The Weak Form in Finite Strains / 2.2.6：

Finite Element Discretization / 2.3：

Discretized Weak Form; Generation of Discrete Non-linear Equations / 2.3.1：

Discrete Nonlinear Equations for the Kinematically Linear Case / 2.3.2：

Solution Strategies for Spatially Discrete Systems / 2.4：

Quasistatics and Incremental Load Methods / 2.4.1：

Dynamics and Global Time Stepping Procedures / 2.4.2：

Local (Constitutive) Time Stepping Procedures / 2.4.3：

Nonlinear Equation Solving / 2.4.4：

Consistent Algorithmic Linearization of Material Re-sponse / 2.4.5：

The Kinematically Linear Contact Problem / 3：

Strong Forms in Linearized Frictionless Contact / 3.1：

The Signorini Problem: Contact with a Rigid Obstacle / 3.1.1：

The Two Body Contact Problem / 3.1.2：

Weak Statements of the Contact Problem / 3.2：

Variational Inequalities / 3.2.1：

The Quasistatic Elastic Case: Contact as a Problem of Constrained Optimization / 3.2.2：

Methods of Constraint Enforcement / 3.3：

Classical Lagrange Multiplier Methods / 3.3.1：

Penalty Methods / 3.3.2：

Augmented Lagrangian Methods / 3.3.3：

Inclusion of Friction into the Problem Description / 3.4：

Friction Kinematics and Traction Measures / 3.4.1：

Unregularized Coulomb Friction Laws / 3.4.2：

Regularization of Friction / 3.4.3：

Variational Statements Including Friction / 3.4.4：

Nonlocal Frictional Descriptions / 3.4.5：

Continuum Mechanics of Large Deformation Contact / 4：

Two Body Contact Problem Definition / 4.1：

Local Momentum Balances / 4.1.1：

Initial and Boundary Conditions / 4.1.2：

Contact Constraints in Large Deformations / 4.2：

The Gap Function as Defined by Closest Point Projection / 4.2.1：

Frictional Kinematics on Interfaces / 4.2.2：

Frame Indifference of Contact Rate Variables / 4.2.3：

Coulomb Friction in Large Sliding / 4.2.4：

Summary: Strong Form of the Large Deformation Contact Problem / 4.3：

Virtual Work Expressions Incorporating Contact / 4.4：

Contact Virtual Work: The Contact Integral / 4.4.1：

Linearization of Contact Virtual Work / 4.4.2：

Summary: Weak Form of the Large Deformation Con-tact Problem / 4.4.3：

Finite Element Implementation of Contact Interaction / 5：

Finite Dimensional Representation of Contact Interaction / 5.1：

Contact Surface Discretization / 5.1.1：

Numerical Integration of the Contact Integral / 5.1.2：

Contact Detection (Searching) / 5.1.3：

Time Discretization / 5.2：

Global time integration schemes / 5.2.1：

Temporally Discrete Frictional Laws for the Penalty Regularized Case / 5.2.2：

Contact Stiffness and Residual: Penalty Regularized Case / 5.3：

Three dimensional matrix expressions / 5.3.1：

Two dimensional matrix expressions / 5.3.2：

Augmented Lagrangian Constraint Enforcement Algorithms / 5.4：

Uzawa's Method (Method of Multipliers) / 5.4.1：

Algorithmic Symmetrization Using Augmented La-grangians / 5.4.2：

Augmented Lagrangian Discrete Force and Stiffness Expressions / 5.4.3：

Numerical Examples / 5.5：

General Demonstrations of the Computational Frame-work / 5.5.1：

Demonstrations of Augmented Lagrangian Algorith-mic Performance / 5.5.2：

Tribological Complexity in Interface Constitutive Models / 6：

Rate and State Dependent Friction / 6.1：

Motivation / 6.1.1：

One Dimensional Model Development / 6.1.2：

Model Incorporation into Convective Slip Advected Frame / 6.1.3：

Local Time Stepping Algorithm / 6.1.4：

Contact Force Vector and Stiffness Matrix / 6.1.5：

Thermomechanically Coupled Friction on Interfaces / 6.1.6：

Thermally Coupled Problem Definition / 6.2.1：

A Thermodynamically Consistent Friction Model / 6.2.3：

Variational Principle and Finite Element Implemen-tation / 6.2.4：

Thermodynamical Algorithmic Consistency / 6.2.5：

Constitutive Framework for Bulk Continua / 6.3.1：

Thermomechanical Interface Model Framework / 6.3.2：

A Priori Stability Estimates for Dynamic Frictional Contact / 6.3.3：

A New Partitioned Scheme for Thermomechanical Contact / 6.3.4：

Algorithmic Treatment of Contact Conditions According to the Adiabatic Split / 6.3.5：

Energy-Momentum Approaches to Impact Mechanics / 7：

Energy Stability of Traditional Schemes / 7.1：

A Model System / 7.1.1：

The Concept of Energy Stability / 7.1.2：

Influence of Contact Constraints on System Energy / 7.1.3：

Energy-Momentum Methods for Elastodynamics / 7.2：

Conservation Laws / 7.2.1：

Conservative Discretization Schemes / 7.2.2：

Energy-Momentum Algorithmic Treatment of Prictionless Impact / 7.3：

Discrete Contact Constraints / 7.3.1：

Spatial Discretization and Implementation / 7.3.2：

Introduction of Frictional and Bulk Dissipation: Energy Con-sistency / 7.3.3：

Coulomb Friction Model Formulation / 7.4.1：

Local Split of the Coulomb Model / 7.4.2：

Algorithmic Formulation / 7.4.3：

Energy Consistent Treatment of Bulk Inelasticity / 7.4.4：

Numerical Examples With Friction and Inelasticity / 7.4.5：

EM Algorithms Involving a Discontinuous Velocity Update / 7.5：

Temporally Discontinuous Velocity Update / 7.5.1：

Reexamination of Conservation Conditions / 7.5.2：

Contact Constraints / 7.5.3：

Summary of the Algorithm / 7.5.4：

Emerging Paradigms for Contact Surface Discretization / 7.5.5：

Contact Smoothing / 8.1：

An Alternative Variational Framework / 8.1.1：

Smoothing Strategies in Two Dimensions / 8.1.2：

Smoothing Strategies in Three Dimensions / 8.1.3：

Mortar-Finite Element Methods for Contact Description / 8.1.4：

Tied Contact and the Role of Mortar Formulations in Convergence / 8.2.1：

A Mortar-Finite Element Formulation of Frictional Contact / 8.2.2：

Numerical Examples of Mortar Treatment of Frictional Contact / 8.2.3：

References

Index

Preface

Introduction / 1：

Scope of this Monograph / 1.1：

26.

図書

26. Polymer sensors and actuators

Yoshihito Osada, Danilo E. De Rossi (eds.)

出版情報:	Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2000 xix, 419 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	Macromolecular systems, materials approach
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Ion Conducting Polymer Sensors / Y. SakaiChapter 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

Humidity Sensors / 1.2：

Humidity Sensors Using Polymers Containing Inorganic Salts / 1.2.1：

Humidity Sensors Using Polymer Electrolytes / 1.2.2：

Electrolyte Homopolymers / 1.2.2.1：

Copolymers / 1.2.2.2：

Graft Copolymers / 1.2.2.3：

Hydrophobic Polymers With Added Ionic Groups / 1.2.2.4：

Crosslinked Polymer Electrolytes / 1.2.2.5：

Gas Sensors / 1.3：

References

Ultrathin Films for Sensorics and Molecular Electronics / L. BrehmerChapter 2：

Molecular Electronics and Nanosensorics / 2.1：

Ultrathin Films and Supramolecular Architectures / 2.2：

State of the Art / 2.2.1：

Langmuir- and Langmuir-Blodgett Films: Formation and Structure Investigation / 2.2.2：

Langmuir Films / 2.2.2.1：

Formation of Langmuir-Blodgett Films / 2.2.2.2：

Structure Investigation of LB-Films / 2.2.2.3：

Thin Film Sensorics / 2.3：

Advantages of Ultrathin Films for Sensorics / 2.3.1：

Ultrathin Pyrosensors / 2.3.2：

Definitions and Measurements / 2.3.2.1：

Rationale for Using Thin Organic Films for Pyroelectric Devices / 2.3.2.3：

Pyroelectric Cells and Measuring Techniques / 2.3.2.4：

Pyroelectricity of Organic Thin Films / 2.3.2.5：

Polymer Thin Film Pyroelectricity / 2.3.2.6：

Pyroelectric Measurements / 2.3.2.7：

Materials and Experimental Set-Up / 2.3.2.8：

Sample Preparation and Experimental Procedure / 2.3.2.9：

Pyroelectric Response and Long-Term Stability / 2.3.2.10：

Control of Pyroelectric Response / 2.3.2.11：

Humidity LB Polyelectrolyte Sensors / 2.3.3：

Commercial Application of LB Film Devices / 2.3.4：

Molecular Electronic Devices / 2.4：

Problems and Opportunities / 2.4.1：

Optically Switchable Thin Films / 2.4.2：

E-Z-Switching of Azo-Compounds / 2.4.2.1：

Molecular Rectifier / 2.4.3：

Electroluminescence of Organic Thin Films / 2.4.4：

Ultrathin Films as Electron beam Resists / 2.4.5：

Outlook / 2.5：

List of Abbreviations

Polymers for Optical Fiber Sensors / F. Baldini ; S. BracciChapter 3：

The Optical Fiber Sensor / 3.1：

The Optoelectronic System / 3.2.1：

The Optical Link / 3.2.2：

The Optode / 3.2.3：

Polymers in Optical Fiber Chemical Sensors / 3.3：

Polymer Functions / 3.4：

Polymers as Solid Supports / 3.4.1：

Polymers as Selective Elements / 3.4.2：

Polymers as Chemical Transducers / 3.4.3：

Conclusions / 3.5：

List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Smart Ferroelectric Ceramic/Polymer Composite Sensors / D.-K. Das-GuptaChapter 4：

Basic Concepts / 4.1：

Piezoelectricity / 4.2.1：

Pyroelectricity / 4.2.2：

Ferroelectric Ceramics / 4.2.3：

Ferroelectric Polymers / 4.2.4：

Ferroelectric Ceramic/Polymer Composites / 4.3：

Connectivity / 4.3.1：

0-3 Connectivity Composites and their Fabrication / 4.3.2：

1-3 Connectivity Composite Fabrication / 4.3.3：

3-3 Connectivity Composite Preparation / 4.3.4：

Preparation of Composites with Mixed Connectivity (0-3 and 1-3) / 4.3.5：

Poling Methods of Ceramic/Polymer Composites / 4.4：

D.C. Poling / 4.4.1：

A.C. Poling / 4.4.2：

Piezoelectric Properties of Ceramic/Polymer Composites / 4.5：

Pyroelectric Properties of Ceramic/Polymer Composites with 0-3 Connectivities / 4.6：

Models of 0-3 and Mixed Connectivity Composites / 4.7：

Yamada Model for 0-3 Composites / 4.7.1：

Furukaura Model for 0-3 Composites / 4.7.2：

Parallel and Series Connected Two-Dimensional Structure / 4.7.3：

Applications of Ceramic/Polymer Composite Sensors / 4.8：

Composite Transducers with 1-3 Connectivity / 4.8.1：

Composite Transducers with 0-3 and Mixed Connectivity / 4.8.2：

Sensing Volatile Chemicals Using Conducting Polymer Arrays / R. A. Bailey ; K. C. PersaudChapter 5：

Gas Sensor Technologies / 5.1：

Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Sensors / 5.1.1.1：

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Sensors / 5.1.1.2：

Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Sensors / 5.1.1.3：

Amperometric Sensors / 5.1.1.4：

Pellistor Sensors / 5.1.1.5：

Metal-Substituted Phthalocyanine Sensors / 5.1.1.6：

Organic Conducting Polymer (OCP) Gas Sensors / 5.1.1.7：

Other Sensor Technologies / 5.1.1.8：

Combination Gas Sensors / 5.1.1.9：

Implementation of a Conducting Polymer Sensor Array / 5.2：

Conducting Polymer Sensors / 5.2.1：

Preparation of Polypyrrole / 5.2.1.1：

Electrochemical Synthesis / 5.2.1.1.1：

Chemical Synthesis / 5.2.1.1.2：

Polymerisation Mechanism / 5.2.1.2：

Factors Affecting the Polymerisation Process / 5.2.1.2.1：

Electrochemical Conditions / 5.2.1.2.1.1：

Counterion Effects / 5.2.1.2.1.2：

Other Effects / 5.2.1.2.1.3：

Structure of Polypyrrole / 5.2.2：

Conductance Mechanism / 5.2.3：

Classical Band Theory / 5.2.3.1：

Conducting Polymer Mechanisms / 5.2.3.2：

Composite Polymers / 5.2.4：

Gas Sensing / 5.3：

Gas Sampling System / 5.3.1：

Data Acquisition Hardware / 5.3.2：

Data Acquisition and Manipulation Software / 5.3.3：

Pattern Recognition Techniques / 5.3.4：

Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (LSER) and the Investigation of Gas Sensor Responses / 5.4：

Conclusion / 5.5：

Molecular Machines Useful for the Design of Chemosensors / S. Shinkai ; M. Takeuchi ; A. IkedaChapter 6：

Chromogenic Crown Ethers / 6.1：

Photoresponsive Crown Actuators in Action for Ion and Molecule Recognition / 6.3：

Cyclodextrins Modified as Molecule Sensors / 6.4：

Calixarenes Modified as Ion and Molecule Sensors / 6.5：

New Artificial Sugar Sensing Systems in which the Boronic Acid-Diol Interaction is Combined with Photoinduced Electron-Transfer (PET) / 6.6：

Conducting Polymer Actuators: Properties and Modeling / A. Mazzoldi ; A. Della Santa ; D. De Rossi6.7：

Working Principles and Actuator Configurations / 7.1：

Figures of Merit of a CP Actuator / 7.3：

Actuators in the Literature / 7.4：

Materials and Techniques for Fabrication / 7.5：

Films / 7.5.1：

Film Electrochemical Deposition / 7.5.1.1：

Film Preparation by Casting / 7.5.1.2：

Fibers / 7.5.2：

All Polymer Actuators / 7.5.3：

Dry PANi Fiber Actuator / 7.5.3.1：

Dry PPyClO4 Film Actuator / 7.5.3.2：

Continuum Electromechanics of CP Actuators / 7.6：

Introduction to the Continuum Model / 7.6.1：

The Continuum Approach / 7.6.2：

Configuration of Study / 7.6.3：

Mechanical Equations / 7.6.4：

Electrochemical Equations / 7.6.5：

Relations Between the Charges and Equations for the Redox Reactions / 7.6.5.1：

Motion Equations of Ionic Charges / 7.6.5.2：

Relation Between Current and Potential in the Solid Matrix / 7.6.5.3：

Continuity Equations / 7.6.5.4：

Resolvability / 7.6.5.5：

Resolution and Validation of the Model in the Passive Case / 7.6.6：

Model Resolution / 7.6.6.1：

Experimental Determination of the Parameters Considered in the Passive Case / 7.6.6.2：

Passive Continuum Model Testing / 7.6.6.3：

Empirical Corrections / 7.6.6.3.1：

Lumped Parameter Description of a PC Actuator / 7.7：

Model / 7.7.1：

Parameters Estimation and Validation / 7.7.2：

Passive Condition / 7.7.2.1：

Active Condition / 7.7.2.2：

Electrically Induced Strain in Polymer Gels Swollenwith Non-Ionic Organic Solvents / T. Hirai ; M. Hirai7.8：

Electrically Induced Strain in PVA-DMSO Gel / 8.1：

Electrostrictive Motion of PVA-DMSO Gel / 8.2.1：

Detailed Feature of the Electrically Induced Action of the PVA-DMSO Gel / 8.2.2：

Comparison with PAAM-DMSO Gel / 8.2.3：

Effect of Crosslinks on the Electrostrictive Strain / 8.3：

Preparation Method of the DMSO Gel / 8.3.1：

Effect of Solvent Content on the Performance of the Actuation / 8.3.2：

Structural Change in PVA-DMSO Gel Induced by Electric Field / 8.4：

Orientation of DMSO by Electric Field / 8.4.1：

In PVA-DMSO Gel / 8.4.1.1：

Comparison with PVC-DMSO Gel / 8.4.1.2：

Electrically Induced Structure Change Observed by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) / 8.4.2：

Scattering Functions / 8.4.2.1：

Distance Distribution Functions / 8.4.2.2：

Persistence Length and Correlation Length / 8.4.2.3：

On the Mechanism of the Electrostrictive Action and Concluding Remarks (for Future Development) / 8.5：

Actuating Devices of Liquid-Crystalline Polymers / R. KishiChapter 9：

Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Gels / 9.1：

Poly(?-benzyl L-glutamate) Gels Having Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Order / 9.2.1：

Poly(?-benzyl L-glutamate) Gels Having Nematic Liquid-Crystalline Order / 9.2.2：

Optical Anisotropy of Poly(?-benzyl L-glutamate) Gels Having Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Order / 9.2.3：

Poly(L-glutamic acid) Hydrogels Having Liquid-Crystalline Order / 9.2.4：

Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Gels / 9.3：

Electrical Deformation of Side-Chain Type Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Gels / 9.3.1：

Electrorheological Properties of Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Materials / 9.3.2：

Gel Actuators / J. P. Gong ; Y. Osada9.4：

Shape Memory Gel / 10.1：

Spontaneous Motion of Polymer Gels on Water / 10.3：

Electrical Contraction and Tactile-Sensing System / 10.4：

Gel Actuator Based on Molecular Assembly Reactions / 10.5：

Gel Pendulum / 10.5.1：

Gel Looper / 10.5.2：

Gel-Eel / 10.5.3：

Future Prospects / 10.6：

Electrochemomechanical Devices Based on Conducting Polymers / T. F. OteroChapter 11：

Approach Through Electrochemical Systems / 11.1：

Artificial Molecular Muscles in the Literature / 11.3：

Conducting Polymers: a Short Introduction / 11.4：

Redox Processes in Conducting Polymers and Related Properties / 11.5：

Artificial Muscles from Conducting Polymers / 11.6：

Bilayer Devices / 11.7：

Electrochemopositioning Devices / 11.8：

The Working Muscle / 11.9：

Triple Layer Devices / 11.10：

Movement Rate Control / 11.11：

Actuator and Sensor / 11.12：

Lifetime and Degradation Processes / 11.13：

Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Processes and Biological Mimicking / 11.14：

Hydro-Organic Batteries / 11.14.1：

Color Mimicking / 11.14.2：

Nerve Interfaces / 11.14.3：

Smart Membranes / 11.14.4：

Mechanochemoelectrical Devices / 11.14.5：

Theoretical Approaches / 11.15：

Similarities with Natural Muscles / 11.16：

The Future / 11.17：

Ion-Exchange Polymer-Metal Composites as Biomimetic Sensors and Actuators / M. ShahinpoorChapter 12：

Biomimetic Sensing Capability of IPMC / 12.1：

General Considerations / 12.2.1：

Theoretical Analysis / 12.2.2：

Experimental Procedures, Results, and Discussion / 12.2.3：

Dynamic Sensing / 12.2.4：

Biomimetic Actuation Properties of IPMCs / 12.2.5：

Development of Muscle Actuators / 12.3.1：

Muscle Actuator for Robotic Applications / 12.3.3：

Design of Linear and Platform Type Actuators / 12.3.4：

Large Amplitude Vibrational Response of IPMCs / 12.3.5：

Theoretical Model / 12.4.1：

Experimental Observations / 12.4.3：

Ion Conducting Polymer Sensors / Y. SakaiChapter 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

Humidity Sensors / 1.2：

27.

図書

27. Data mining : multimedia, soft computing, and bioinformatics

Sushmita Mitra, Tinku Acharya

出版情報:	Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley, c2003 xviii, 401 p., [2] p. of plates ; 25 cm
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Preface

Introduction to Data Mining / 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining / 1.2：

Data Compression / 1.3：

Information Retrieval / 1.4：

Text Mining / 1.5：

Web Mining / 1.6：

Image Mining / 1.7：

Classification / 1.8：

Clustering / 1.9：

Rule Mining / 1.10：

String Matching / 1.11：

Bioinformatics / 1.12：

Data Warehousing / 1.13：

Applications and Challenges / 1.14：

Conclusions and Discussion / 1.15：

References

Soft Computing / 2：

What is Soft Computing? / 2.1：

Relevance / 2.2.1：

Fuzzy sets / 2.2.2：

Neural networks / 2.2.3：

Neuro-fuzzy computing / 2.2.4：

Genetic algorithms / 2.2.5：

Rough sets / 2.2.6：

Wavelets / 2.2.7：

Role of Fuzzy Sets in Data Mining / 2.3：

Granular computing / 2.3.1：

Association rules / 2.3.3：

Functional dependencies / 2.3.4：

Data summarization / 2.3.5：

Image mining / 2.3.6：

Role of Neural Networks in Data Mining / 2.4：

Rule extraction / 2.4.1：

Rule evaluation / 2.4.2：

Clustering and self-organization / 2.4.3：

Regression / 2.4.4：

Information retrieval / 2.4.5：

Role of Genetic Algorithms in Data Mining / 2.5：

Role of Rough Sets in Data Mining / 2.5.1：

Role of Wavelets in Data Mining / 2.7：

Role of Hybridizations in Data Mining / 2.8：

Multimedia Data Compression / 2.9：

Information Theory Concepts / 3.1：

Discrete memoryless model and entropy / 3.2.1：

Noiseless Source Coding Theorem / 3.2.2：

Classification of Compression Algorithms / 3.3：

A Data Compression Model / 3.4：

Measures of Compression Performance / 3.5：

Compression ratio and bits per sample / 3.5.1：

Quality metric / 3.5.2：

Coding complexity / 3.5.3：

Source Coding Algorithms / 3.6：

Run-length coding / 3.6.1：

Huffman coding / 3.6.2：

Principal Component Analysis for Data Compression / 3.7：

Principles of Still Image Compression / 3.8：

Predictive coding / 3.8.1：

Transform coding / 3.8.2：

Wavelet coding / 3.8.3：

Image Compression Standard: JPEG / 3.9：

The JPEG Lossless Coding Algorithm / 3.10：

Baseline JPEG Compression / 3.11：

Color space conversion / 3.11.1：

Source image data arrangement / 3.11.2：

The baseline compression algorithm / 3.11.3：

Decompression process in baseline JPEG / 3.11.4：

JPEG2000: Next generation still picture coding standard / 3.11.5：

Text Compression / 3.12：

The LZ77 algorithm / 3.12.1：

The LZ78 algorithm / 3.12.2：

The LZW algorithm / 3.12.3：

Other applications of Lempel-Ziv coding / 3.12.4：

Some definitions and preliminaries / 3.13：

String matching problem / 4.1.2：

Brute force string matching / 4.1.3：

Linear-Order String Matching Algorithms / 4.2：

String matching with finite automata / 4.2.1：

Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm / 4.2.2：

Boyer-Moore algorithm / 4.2.3：

Boyer-Moore-Horspool algorithm / 4.2.4：

Karp-Rabin algorithm / 4.2.5：

String Matching in Bioinformatics / 4.3：

Approximate String Matching / 4.4：

Basic definitions / 4.4.1：

Wagner-Fischer algorithm for computation of string distance / 4.4.2：

Text search with k-differences / 4.4.3：

Compressed Pattern Matching / 4.5：

Classification in Data Mining / 4.6：

Decision Tree Classifiers / 5.1：

ID3 / 5.2.1：

IBM IntelligentMiner / 5.2.2：

Serial PaRallelizable INduction of decision Trees (SPRINT) / 5.2.3：

RainForest / 5.2.4：

Overfitting / 5.2.5：

PrUning and BuiLding Integrated in Classification (PUBLIC) / 5.2.6：

Extracting classification rules from trees / 5.2.7：

Fusion with neural networks / 5.2.8：

Bayesian Classifiers / 5.3：

Bayesian rule for minimum risk / 5.3.1：

Naive Bayesian classifier / 5.3.2：

Bayesian belief network / 5.3.3：

Instance-Based Learners / 5.4：

Minimum distance classifiers / 5.4.1：

k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier / 5.4.2：

Locally weighted regression / 5.4.3：

Radial basis functions (RBFs) / 5.4.4：

Case-based reasoning (CBR) / 5.4.5：

Granular computing and CBR / 5.4.6：

Support Vector Machines / 5.5：

Fuzzy Decision Trees / 5.6：

Rule generation and evaluation / 5.6.1：

Mapping of rules to fuzzy neural network / 5.6.3：

Results / 5.6.4：

Clustering in Data Mining / 5.7：

Distance Measures and Symbolic Objects / 6.1：

Numeric objects / 6.2.1：

Binary objects / 6.2.2：

Categorical objects / 6.2.3：

Symbolic objects / 6.2.4：

Clustering Categories / 6.3：

Partitional clustering / 6.3.1：

Hierarchical clustering / 6.3.2：

Leader clustering / 6.3.3：

Scalable Clustering Algorithms / 6.4：

Clustering large applications / 6.4.1：

Density-based clustering / 6.4.2：

Grid-based methods / 6.4.3：

Other variants / 6.4.5：

Soft Computing-Based Approaches / 6.5：

Evolutionary algorithms / 6.5.1：

Clustering with Categorical Attributes / 6.6：

Sieving Through Iterated Relational Reinforcements (STIRR) / 6.6.1：

Robust Hierarchical Clustering with Links (ROCK) / 6.6.2：

c-modes algorithm / 6.6.3：

Hierarchical Symbolic Clustering / 6.7：

Conceptual clustering / 6.7.1：

Agglomerative symbolic clustering / 6.7.2：

Cluster validity indices / 6.7.3：

Association Rules / 6.7.4：

Candidate Generation and Test Methods / 7.1：

A priori algorithm / 7.2.1：

Partition algorithm / 7.2.2：

Some extensions / 7.2.3：

Depth-First Search Methods / 7.3：

Interesting Rules / 7.4：

Multilevel Rules / 7.5：

Online Generation of Rules / 7.6：

Generalized Rules / 7.7：

Scalable Mining of Rules / 7.8：

Other Variants / 7.9：

Quantitative association rules / 7.9.1：

Temporal association rules / 7.9.2：

Correlation rules / 7.9.3：

Localized associations / 7.9.4：

Optimized association rules / 7.9.5：

Fuzzy Association Rules / 7.10：

Rule Mining with Soft Computing / 7.11：

Connectionist Rule Generation / 8.1：

Neural models / 8.2.1：

Neuro-fuzzy models / 8.2.2：

Using knowledge-based networks / 8.2.3：

Modular Hybridization / 8.3：

Rough fuzzy MLP / 8.3.1：

Modular knowledge-based network / 8.3.2：

Evolutionary design / 8.3.3：

Multimedia Data Mining / 8.3.4：

Keyword-based search and mining / 9.1：

Text analysis and retrieval / 9.2.2：

Mathematical modeling of documents / 9.2.3：

Similarity-based matching for documents and queries / 9.2.4：

Latent semantic analysis / 9.2.5：

Soft computing approaches / 9.2.6：

Content-Based Image Retrieval / 9.3：

Color features / 9.3.2：

Texture features / 9.3.3：

Shape features / 9.3.4：

Topology / 9.3.5：

Multidimensional indexing / 9.3.6：

Results of a simple CBIR system / 9.3.7：

Video Mining / 9.4：

MPEG-7: Multimedia content description interface / 9.4.1：

Content-based video retrieval system / 9.4.2：

Search engines / 9.5：

Bioinformatics: An Application / 9.5.2：

Preliminaries from Biology / 10.1：

Deoxyribonucleic acid / 10.2.1：

Amino acids / 10.2.2：

Proteins / 10.2.3：

Microarray and gene expression / 10.2.4：

Information Science Aspects / 10.3：

Protein folding / 10.3.1：

Protein structure modeling / 10.3.2：

Genomic sequence analysis / 10.3.3：

Homology search / 10.3.4：

Clustering of Microarray Data / 10.4：

First-generation algorithms / 10.4.1：

Second-generation algorithms / 10.4.2：

Role of Soft Computing / 10.5：

Predicting protein secondary structure / 10.6.1：

Predicting protein tertiary structure / 10.6.2：

Determining binding sites / 10.6.3：

Classifying gene expression data / 10.6.4：

Index / 10.7：

About the Authors

Preface

Introduction to Data Mining / 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

28.

図書

28. Number theory for computing. 2nd ed.

Song Y. Yan ; foreword by Martin E. Hellman

出版情報:	Berlin : Springer-Verlag, c2002 xxii, 435 p. ; 24 cm
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Elementary Number Theory / 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

What is Number Theory? / 1.1.1：

Algebraic Preliminaries / 1.1.2：

Theory of Divisibility / 1.2：

Basic Properties of Divisibility / 1.2.1：

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic / 1.2.2：

Mersenne Primes and Fermat Numbers / 1.2.3：

Euclid's Algorithm / 1.2.4：

Continued Fractions / 1.2.5：

Diophantine Equations / 1.3：

Basic Concepts of Diophantine Equations / 1.3.1：

Linear Diophantine Equations / 1.3.2：

Pell's Equations / 1.3.3：

Arithmetic Functions / 1.4：

Multiplicative Functions / 1.4.1：

Functions ?(n), ?(n) and s(n) / 1.4.2：

Perfect, Amicable and Sociable Numbers / 1.4.3：

Functions ?(n), ?(n) and ?(n) / 1.4.4：

Distribution of Prime Numbers / 1.5：

Prime Distribution Function ?(x) / 1.5.1：

Approximations of ?(x) by x/ ln x / 1.5.2：

Approximations of ?(x) by Li(x) / 1.5.3：

The Riemann ?-Function ?(s) / 1.5.4：

The nth Prime / 1.5.5：

Distribution of Twin Primes / 1.5.6：

The Arithmetic Progression of Primes / 1.5.7：

Theory of Congruences / 1.6：

Basic Properties of Congruences / 1.6.1：

Modular Arithmetic / 1.6.2：

Linear Congruences / 1.6.3：

The Chinese Remainder Theorem / 1.6.4：

High-Order Congruences / 1.6.5：

Legendre and Jacobi Symbols / 1.6.6：

Orders and Primitive Roots / 1.6.7：

Indices and kth Power Residues / 1.6.8：

Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves / 1.7：

Basic Concepts of Elliptic Curves / 1.7.1：

Geometric Composition Laws of Elliptic Curves / 1.7.2：

Algebraic Computation Laws for Elliptic Curves / 1.7.3：

Group Laws on Elliptic Curves / 1.7.4：

Number of Points on Elliptic Curves / 1.7.5：

Bibliographic Notes and Further Reading / 1.8：

Algorithmic Number Theory / 2：

What is Algorithmic Number Theory? / 2.1：

E ective Computability / 2.1.2：

Computational Complexity / 2.1.3：

Complexity of Number-Theoretic Algorithms / 2.1.4：

Fast Modular Exponentiations / 2.1.5：

Fast Group Operations on Elliptic Curves / 2.1.6：

Algorithms for Primality Testing / 2.2：

Deterministic and Rigorous Primality Tests / 2.2.1：

Fermat's Pseudoprimality Test / 2.2.2：

Strong Pseudoprimality Test / 2.2.3：

Lucas Pseudoprimality Test / 2.2.4：

Elliptic Curve Test / 2.2.5：

Historical Notes on Primality Testing / 2.2.6：

Algorithms for Integer Factorization / 2.3：

Complexity of Integer Factorization / 2.3.1：

Trial Division and Fermat Method / 2.3.2：

Legendre's Congruence / 2.3.3：

Continued FRACtion Method (CFRAC) / 2.3.4：

Quadratic and Number Field Sieves (QS/NFS) / 2.3.5：

Polland's "rho" and "p - 1" Methods / 2.3.6：

Lenstra's Elliptic Curve Method (ECM) / 2.3.7：

Algorithms for Discrete Logarithms / 2.4：

Shanks' Baby-Step Giant-Step Algorithm / 2.4.1：

Silver{Pohlig{Hellman Algorithm / 2.4.2：

Subexponential Algorithms / 2.4.3：

Algorithm for the Root Finding Problem / 2.4.4：

Quantum Number-Theoretic Algorithms / 2.5：

Quantum Information and Computation / 2.5.1：

Quantum Computability and Complexity / 2.5.2：

Quantum Algorithm for Integer Factorization / 2.5.3：

Quantum Algorithms for Discrete Logarithms / 2.5.4：

Miscellaneous Algorithms in Number Theory / 2.6：

Algorithms for Computing ?(x) / 2.6.1：

Algorithms for Generating Amicable Pairs / 2.6.2：

Algorithms for Verifying Goldbach's Conjecture / 2.6.3：

Algorithm for Finding Odd Perfect Numbers / 2.6.4：

Applied Number Theory / 2.7：

Why Applied Number Theory? / 3.1：

Computer Systems Design / 3.2：

Representing Numbers in Residue Number Systems / 3.2.1：

Fast Computations in Residue Number Systems / 3.2.2：

Residue Computers / 3.2.3：

Complementary Arithmetic / 3.2.4：

Hashing Functions / 3.2.5：

Error Detection and Correction Methods / 3.2.6：

Random Number Generation / 3.2.7：

Cryptography and Information Security / 3.3：

Secret-Key Cryptography / 3.3.1：

Data/Advanced Encryption Standard (DES/AES) / 3.3.3：

Public-Key Cryptography / 3.3.4：

Discrete Logarithm Based Cryptosystems / 3.3.5：

RSA Public-Key Cryptosystem / 3.3.6：

Quadratic Residuosity Cryptosystems / 3.3.7：

Elliptic Curve Public-Key Cryptosystems / 3.3.8：

Digital Signatures / 3.3.9：

Digital Signature Algorithm/Standard (DSA/DSS) / 3.3.10：

Database Security / 3.3.11：

Secret Sharing / 3.3.12：

Internet/Web Security and Electronic Commerce / 3.3.13：

Steganography / 3.3.14：

Quantum Cryptography / 3.3.15：

Bibliography / 3.4：

Index

Elementary Number Theory / 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

What is Number Theory? / 1.1.1：

29.

図書

29. Sieves in number theory

George Greaves

出版情報:	Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2001 xii, 304 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete ; 3. Folge, v. 43
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Introduction

The Structure of Sifting Arguments / 1：

The Sieves of Eratosthenes and Legendre / 1.1：

The Contribution of Eratosthenes / 1.1.1：

Legendre's Sieve / 1.1.2：

An Estimate for n(X) / 1.1.3：

The Distribution of Primes / 1.1.4：

Examples of Sifting Situations / 1.2：

Notations / 1.2.1：

The Integers in an Interval (Y - X, Y ) / 1.2.2：

Numbers Given by Polynomial Expressions / 1.2.3：

Arithmetic Progressions / 1.2.4：

Sums of Two Squares / 1.2.5：

Polynomials with Prime Arguments / 1.2.6：

A General Formulation of a Sifting Situation / 1.3：

The Basic Formulation / 1.3.1：

Legendre's Sieve in a General Setting / 1.3.2：

A Generalised Formulation / 1.3.3：

A Further Generalisation / 1.3.4：

Sifting Density / 1.3.5：

The Sifting Limit Β(k) / 1.3.6：

Composition of Sieves / 1.3.7：

Notes on Chapter 1 / 1.4：

Selberg's Upper Bound Method / 2：

The Sifting Apparatus / 2.1：

Selberg's Theorem / 2.1.1：

The Numbers (lambda)(d) / 2.1.2：

A Simple Application / 2.1.3：

General Estimates of G(x) and E(D, P) / 2.2：

An Estimate by Rankin's Device / 2.2.1：

Asymptotic Formulas / 2.2.2：

The Error Term / 2.2.3：

Applications / 2.3：

Prime Twins and Goldbach's Problem / 2.3.1：

Polynomial Sequences / 2.3.3：

Notes on Chapter 2 / 2.4：

Combinatorial Methods / 3：

The Construction of Combinatorial Sieves / 3.1：

Preliminary Discussion of Brun's Ideas / 3.1.1：

Fundamental Inequalities and Identities / 3.1.2：

Buchstab's Identity / 3.1.3：

The Combinatorial Sieve Lemma / 3.1.4：

Brun's Pure Sieve / 3.2：

Inequalities and Identities / 3.2.1：

The "Pure Sieve" Theorem / 3.2.2：

A Corollary / 3.2.3：

Prime Twins / 3.2.4：

A Modern Edition of Brun's Sieve / 3.3：

Rosser's Choice of X / 3.3.1：

A Technical Estimate / 3.3.2：

A Simplifying Approximation / 3.3.3：

A Combinatorial Sieve Theorem / 3.3.4：

Brun's Version of his Method / 3.3.5：

Brun's Choice of x / 3.4.1：

The Estimations / 3.4.2：

The Result / 3.4.3：

Notes on Chapter 3 / 3.5：

Rosser's Sieve / 4：

Approximations by Continuous Functions / 4.1：

The Recurrence Relations / 4.1.1：

Partial Summation / 4.1.2：

The Leading Terms / 4.1.3：

The Functions F and f / 4.2：

The Difference-Differential Equations / 4.2.1：

The Adjoint Equation and the Inner Product / 4.2.2：

Solutions of the Adjoint Equation / 4.2.3：

Particular Values of F(s) and f(s) / 4.2.4：

Asymptotic Analysis as k -> $(infinity$) / 4.2.5：

The Convergence Problem / 4.3：

The Auxiliary Functions / 4.3.1：

Adjoints and Inner Products / 4.3.2：

The Case k

A Sieve Theorem Following Rosser / 4.4：

The Case k >/= 1/2: a First Result / 4.4.1：

Theorem 1 when k

An Improved Version of Proposition 1 / 4.4.3：

A Two-Sided Estimate / 4.4.4：

Extremal Examples / 4.5：

The Linear Case / 4.5.1：

The Case k=1/2 / 4.5.2：

Notes on Chapter 4 / 4.6：

The Sieve with Weights / 5：

Simpler Weighting Devices / 5.1：

Logarithmic Weights / 5.1.1：

Modified Logarithmic Weights / 5.1.2：

Some Applications / 5.1.3：

More Elaborate Weighted Sieves / 5.2：

An Improved Weighting Device / 5.2.1：

Buchstab's Weights / 5.2.2：

A Weighted Sieve Following Rosser / 5.3：

Combining Sieving and Weighting / 5.3.1：

The Reduction Identities / 5.3.2：

An Identity for the Main Term / 5.3.3：

The Estimate for the Main Term / 5.3.4：

Notes on Chapter 5 / 5.4：

The Remainder Term in the Linear Sieve / 6：

The Bilinear Nature of Rosser's Construction / 6.1：

The Factorisation of x.d / 6.1.1：

Discretisations of Rosser's Sieve / 6.1.2：

Specification of Details / 6.1.3：

The Leading Contributions to the Main Term / 6.1.4：

The Remainder Term / 6.1.5：

Sifting Short Intervals / 6.2：

The Smoothed Formulation / 6.2.1：

The Remainder Sums / 6.2.2：

Trigonometrical Sums / 6.2.3：

Notes on Chapter 6 / 6.3：

Lower Bound Sieves when k > 1 / 7：

An Extension of Selberg's Upper Bound / 7.1：

The Integral Equation and the Function $(sigma$) (s) / 7.1.1：

The Estimation of G(s) / 7.1.2：

A Lower Bound Sieve via Buchstab's Identity / 7.2：

Buchstab's Iterations / 7.2.1：

The Buchstab Transform of the $(lambda$)2 Method / 7.2.2：

The Sifting Limit as k -> $(infinity$) / 7.2.3：

Selberg's a2 a" Method / 7.3：

The Improved Sifting Limit for Large k / 7.3.1：

Notes on Chapter 7 / 7.4：

References

Index

Introduction

The Structure of Sifting Arguments / 1：

The Sieves of Eratosthenes and Legendre / 1.1：

30.

図書

30. Sensors and actuators : control systems instrumentation (: hardcover)

Clarence W. de Silva

出版情報:	Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, c2007 671 p. ; 26 cm
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Control, Instrumentation, and Design / 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

Control Engineering / 1.2：

Instrumentation and Design / 1.2.1：

Modeling and Design / 1.2.2：

Control System Architectures / 1.3：

Feedback Control with PID Action / 1.3.1：

Digital Control / 1.3.2：

Feed-Forward Control / 1.3.3：

Programmable Logic Controllers / 1.3.4：

PLC Hardware / 1.3.4.1：

Distributed Control / 1.3.5：

A Networked Application / 1.3.5.1：

Hierarchical Control / 1.3.6：

Organization of the Book / 1.4：

Problems

Component Interconnection and Signal Conditioning / 2：

Component Interconnection / 2.1：

Impedance Characteristics / 2.2：

Cascade Connection of Devices / 2.2.1：

Impedance Matching / 2.2.2：

Impedance Matching in Mechanical Systems / 2.2.3：

Amplifiers / 2.3：

Operational Amplifier / 2.3.1：

Use of Feedback in Op-Amps / 2.3.1.1：

Voltage, Current, and Power Amplifiers / 2.3.2：

Instrumentation Amplifiers / 2.3.3：

Differential Amplifier / 2.3.3.1：

Common Mode / 2.3.3.2：

Amplifier Performance Ratings / 2.3.4：

Common-Mode Rejection Ratio / 2.3.4.1：

AC-Coupled Amplifiers / 2.3.4.2：

Ground-Loop Noise / 2.3.5：

Analog Filters / 2.4：

Passive Filters and Active Filters / 2.4.1：

Number of Poles / 2.4.1.1：

Low-Pass Filters / 2.4.2：

Low-Pass Butterworth Filter / 2.4.2.1：

High-Pass Filters / 2.4.3：

Band-Pass Filters / 2.4.4：

Resonance-Type Band-Pass Filters / 2.4.4.1：

Band-Reject Filters / 2.4.5：

Modulators and Demodulators / 2.5：

Amplitude Modulation / 2.5.1：

Modulation Theorem / 2.5.1.1：

Side Frequencies and Side Bands / 2.5.1.2：

Application of Amplitude Modulation / 2.5.2：

Fault Detection and Diagnosis / 2.5.2.1：

Demodulation / 2.5.3：

Analog-Digital Conversion / 2.6：

Digital to Analog Conversion / 2.6.1：

Weighted Resistor DAC / 2.6.1.1：

Ladder DAC / 2.6.1.2：

DAC Error Sources / 2.6.1.3：

Analog to Digital Conversion / 2.6.2：

Successive Approximation ADC / 2.6.2.1：

Dual-Slope ADC / 2.6.2.2：

Counter ADC / 2.6.2.3：

ADC Performance Characteristics / 2.6.2.4：

Sample-and-Hold Circuitry / 2.7：

Multiplexers / 2.8：

Analog Multiplexers / 2.8.1：

Digital Multiplexers / 2.8.2：

Digital Filters / 2.9：

Software Implementation and Hardware Implementation / 2.9.1：

Bridge Circuits / 2.10：

Wheatstone Bridge / 2.10.1：

Constant-Current Bridge / 2.10.2：

Hardware Linearization of Bridge Outputs / 2.10.3：

Bridge Amplifiers / 2.10.4：

Half-Bridge Circuits / 2.10.5：

Impedance Bridges / 2.10.6：

Owen Bridge / 2.10.6.1：

Wien-Bridge Oscillator / 2.10.6.2：

Linearizing Devices / 2.11：

Linearization by Software / 2.11.1：

Linearization by Hardware Logic / 2.11.2：

Analog Linearizing Circuitry / 2.11.3：

Offsetting Circuitry / 2.11.4：

Proportional-Output Circuitry / 2.11.5：

Curve-Shaping Circuitry / 2.11.6：

Miscellaneous Signal-Modification Circuitry / 2.12：

Phase Shifters / 2.12.1：

Voltage-to-Frequency Converters / 2.12.2：

Frequency-to-Voltage Converter / 2.12.3：

Voltage-to-Current Converter / 2.12.4：

Peak-Hold Circuits / 2.12.5：

Signal Analyzers and Display Devices / 2.13：

Signal Analyzers / 2.13.1：

Oscilloscopes / 2.13.2：

Triggering / 2.13.2.1：

Lissajous Patterns / 2.13.2.2：

Digital Oscilloscopes / 2.13.2.3：

Performance Specification and Analysis / 3：

Parameters for Performance Specification / 3.1：

Perfect Measurement Device / 3.1.1：

Time-Domain Specifications / 3.2：

Rise Time / 3.2.1：

Delay Time / 3.2.2：

Peak Time / 3.2.3：

Settling Time / 3.2.4：

Percentage Overshoot / 3.2.5：

Steady-State Error / 3.2.6：

Simple Oscillator Model / 3.2.7：

Stability and Speed of Response / 3.2.8：

Frequency-Domain Specifications / 3.3：

Gain Margin and Phase Margin / 3.3.1：

Linearity / 3.3.2：

Saturation / 3.4.1：

Dead Zone / 3.4.2：

Hysteresis / 3.4.3：

The Jump Phenomenon / 3.4.4：

Limit Cycles / 3.4.5：

Frequency Creation / 3.4.6：

Instrument Ratings / 3.5：

Rating Parameters / 3.5.1：

Bandwidth Design / 3.6：

Bandwidth / 3.6.1：

Transmission Level of a Band-Pass Filter / 3.6.1.1：

Effective Noise Bandwidth / 3.6.1.2：

Half-Power (or 3dB) Bandwidth / 3.6.1.3：

Fourier Analysis Bandwidth / 3.6.1.4：

Useful Frequency Range / 3.6.1.5：

Instrument Bandwidth / 3.6.1.6：

Control Bandwidth / 3.6.1.7：

Static Gain / 3.6.2：

Aliasing Distortion due to Signal Sampling / 3.7：

Sampling Theorem / 3.7.1：

Antialiasing Filter / 3.7.2：

Another Illustration of Aliasing / 3.7.3：

Bandwidth Design of a Control System / 3.8：

Comment about Control Cycle Time / 3.8.1：

Instrument Error Analysis / 3.9：

Statistical Representation / 3.9.1：

Accuracy and Precision / 3.9.2：

Error Combination / 3.9.3：

Absolute Error / 3.9.3.1：

SRSS Error / 3.9.3.2：

Statistical Process Control / 3.10：

Control Limits or Action Lines / 3.10.1：

Steps of SPC / 3.10.2：

Analog Sensors and Transducers / 4：

Terminology / 4.1：

Motion Transducers / 4.1.1：

Potentiometer / 4.2：

Rotatory Potentiometers / 4.2.1：

Loading Nonlinearity / 4.2.1.1：

Performance Considerations / 4.2.2：

Optical Potentiometer / 4.2.3：

Variable-Inductance Transducers / 4.3：

Mutual-Induction Transducers / 4.3.1：

Linear-Variable Differential Transformer/Transducer / 4.3.2：

Phase Shift and Null Voltage / 4.3.2.1：

Signal Conditioning / 4.3.2.2：

Rotatory-Variable Differential Transformer/Transducer / 4.3.3：

Mutual-Induction Proximity Sensor / 4.3.4：

Resolver / 4.3.5：

Resolver with Rotor Output / 4.3.5.1：

Synchro Transformer / 4.3.6：

Self-Induction Transducers / 4.3.7：

Permanent-Magnet Transducers / 4.4：

DC Tachometer / 4.4.1：

Electronic Commutation / 4.4.1.1：

Modeling and Design Example / 4.4.1.2：

Loading Considerations / 4.4.1.3：

Permanent-Magnet AC Tachometer / 4.4.2：

AC Induction Tachometer / 4.4.3：

Eddy Current Transducers / 4.4.4：

Variable-Capacitance Transducers / 4.5：

Capacitive Rotation Sensor / 4.5.1：

Capacitive Displacement Sensor / 4.5.2：

Capacitive Angular Velocity Sensor / 4.5.3：

Capacitance Bridge Circuit / 4.5.4：

Differential (Push-PuU) Displacement Sensor / 4.5.5：

Piezoelectric Sensors / 4.6：

Sensitivity / 4.6.1：

Accelerometers / 4.6.2：

Piezoelectric Accelerometer / 4.6.3：

Charge Amplifier / 4.6.4：

Effort Sensors / 4.7：

Force Causality Issues / 4.7.1：

Force-Motion Causality / 4.7.1.1：

Physical Realizability / 4.7.1.2：

Force Control Problems / 4.7.2：

Force Feedback Control / 4.7.2.1：

Feedforward Force Control / 4.7.2.2：

Impedance Control / 4.7.3：

Force Sensor Location / 4.7.4：

Strain Gages / 4.8：

Equations for Strain-Gage Measurements / 4.8.1：

Bridge Sensitivity / 4.8.1.1：

The Bridge Constant / 4.8.1.2：

The Calibration Constant / 4.8.1.3：

Data Acquisition / 4.8.1.4：

Accuracy Considerations / 4.8.1.5：

Semiconductor Strain Gages / 4.8.2：

Automatic (Self) Compensation for Temperature / 4.8.3：

Torque Sensors / 4.9：

Strain-Gage Torque Sensors / 4.9.1：

Design Considerations / 4.9.2：

Strain Capacity of the Gage / 4.9.2.1：

Strain-Gage Nonlinearity Limit / 4.9.2.2：

Sensitivity Requirement / 4.9.2.3：

Stiffness Requirement / 4.9.2.4：

Deflection Torque Sensors / 4.9.3：

Direct-Deflection Torque Sensor / 4.9.3.1：

Variable-Reluctance Torque Sensor / 4.9.3.2：

Reaction Torque Sensors / 4.9.4：

Motor Current Torque Sensors / 4.9.5：

Force Sensors / 4.9.6：

Tactile Sensing / 4.10：

Tactile Sensor Requirements / 4.10.1：

Construction and Operation of Tactile Sensors / 4.10.2：

Optical Tactile Sensors / 4.10.3：

Piezoresistive Tactile Sensors / 4.10.4：

Dexterity / 4.10.5：

A Strain-Gage Tactile Sensor / 4.10.6：

Other Types of Tactile Sensors / 4.10.7：

Passive Compliance / 4.10.8：

Gyroscopic Sensors / 4.11：

Rate Gyro / 4.11.1：

Coriolis Force Devices / 4.11.2：

Optical Sensors and Lasers / 4.12：

Fiber-Optic Position Sensor / 4.12.1：

Laser Interferometer / 4.12.2：

Fiber-Optic Gyroscope / 4.12.3：

Laser Doppler Interferometer / 4.12.4：

Ultrasonic Sensors / 4.13：

Magnetostrictive Displacement Sensors / 4.13.1：

Thermofluid Sensors / 4.14：

Pressure Sensors / 4.14.1：

Flow Sensors / 4.14.2：

Temperature Sensors / 4.14.3：

Thermocouple / 4.14.3.1：

Resistance Temperature Detector / 4.14.3.2：

Thermistor / 4.14.3.3：

Bi-Metal Strip Thermometer / 4.14.3.4：

Other Types of Sensors / 4.15：

Digital Transducers / 5：

Advantages of Digital Transducers / 5.1：

Shaft Encoders / 5.2：

Encoder Types / 5.2.1：

Incremental Optical Encoders / 5.3：

Direction of Rotation / 5.3.1：

Hardware Features / 5.3.2：

Displacement Measurement / 5.3.3：

Digital Resolution / 5.3.3.1：

Physical Resolution / 5.3.3.2：

Step-Up Gearing / 5.3.3.3：

Interpolation / 5.3.3.4：

Velocity Measurement / 5.3.4：

Velocity Resolution / 5.3.4.1：

Data Acquisition Hardware / 5.3.4.2：

Absolute Optical Encoders / 5.4：

Gray Coding / 5.4.1：

Code Conversion Logic / 5.4.1.1：

Resolution / 5.4.2：

Advantages and Drawbacks / 5.4.3：

Encoder Error / 5.5：

Eccentricity Error / 5.5.1：

Miscellaneous Digital Transducers / 5.6：

Digital Resolvers / 5.6.1：

Digital Tachometers / 5.6.2：

Hall-Effect Sensors / 5.6.3：

Linear Encoders / 5.6.4：

Moire Fringe Displacement Sensors / 5.6.5：

Cable Extension Sensors / 5.6.6：

Binary Transducers / 5.6.7：

Stepper Motors / 6：

Principle of Operation / 6.1：

Permanent-Magnet (PM) Stepper Motor / 6.1.1：

Variable-Reluctance (VR) Stepper Motor / 6.1.2：

Polarity Reversal / 6.1.3：

Stepper Motor Classification / 6.2：

Single-Stack Stepper Motors / 6.2.1：

Toothed-Pole Construction / 6.2.2：

Another Toothed Construction / 6.2.3：

Microstepping / 6.2.4：

Multiple-Stack Stepper Motors / 6.2.5：

Equal-Pitch Multiple-Stack Stepper / 6.2.5.1：

Unequal-Pitch Multiple-Stack Stepper / 6.2.5.2：

Hybrid Stepper Motor / 6.2.6：

Driver and Controller / 6.3：

Driver Hardware / 6.3.1：

Motor Time Constant / 6.3.2：

Torque Motion Characteristics / 6.4：

Static Position Error / 6.4.1：

Damping of Stepper Motors / 6.5：

Mechanical Damping / 6.5.1：

Electronic Damping / 6.5.2：

Multiple Phase Energization / 6.5.3：

Stepping Motor Models / 6.6：

A Simplified Model / 6.6.1：

An Improved Model / 6.6.2：

Torque Equation for PM and HB Motors / 6.6.2.1：

Torque Equation for VR Motors / 6.6.2.2：

Control of Stepper Motors / 6.7：

Pulse Missing / 6.7.1：

Feedback Control / 6.7.2：

Torque Control through Switching / 6.7.3：

Model-Based Feedback Control / 6.7.4：

Stepper Motor Selection and Applications / 6.8：

Torque Characteristics and Terminology / 6.8.1：

Stepper Motor Selection / 6.8.2：

Positioning (x-y) Tables / 6.8.2.1：

Stepper Motor Applications / 6.8.3：

Continuous-Drive Actuators / 7：

DC Motors / 7.1：

Rotor and Stator / 7.1.1：

Commutation / 7.1.2：

Static Torque Characteristics / 7.1.3：

Brushless DC Motors / 7.1.4：

Constant-Speed Operation / 7.1.4.1：

Transient Operation / 7.1.4.2：

Torque Motors / 7.1.5：

DC Motor Equations / 7.2：

Steady-State Characteristics / 7.2.1：

Bearing Friction / 7.2.1.1：

Output Power / 7.2.1.2：

Combined Excitation of Motor Windings / 7.2.1.3：

Speed Regulation / 7.2.1.4：

Experimental Model / 7.2.2：

Electrical Damping Constant / 7.2.2.1：

Linearized Experimental Model / 7.2.2.2：

Control of DC Motors / 7.3：

DC Servomotors / 7.3.1：

Armature Control / 7.3.2：

Motor Time Constants / 7.3.2.1：

Motor Parameter Measurement / 7.3.2.2：

Field Control / 7.3.3：

Feedback Control of DC Motors / 7.3.4：

Velocity Feedback Control / 7.3.4.1：

Position Plus Velocity Feedback Control / 7.3.4.2：

Position Feedback with Proportional, Integral, and Derivative Control / 7.3.4.3：

Phase-Locked Control / 7.3.5：

Motor Driver / 7.4：

Interface Card / 7.4.1：

Drive Unit / 7.4.2：

Pulse-Width Modulation / 7.4.3：

DC Motor Selection / 7.5：

Motor Data and Specifications / 7.5.1：

Selection Considerations / 7.5.2：

Motor Sizing Procedure / 7.5.3：

Inertia Matching / 7.5.3.1：

Drive Amplifier Selection / 7.5.3.2：

Induction Motors / 7.6：

Rotating Magnetic Field / 7.6.1：

Induction Motor Characteristics / 7.6.2：

Torque-Speed Relationship / 7.6.3：

Induction Motor Control / 7.7：

Excitation Frequency Control / 7.7.1：

Voltage Control / 7.7.2：

Rotor Resistance Control / 7.7.3：

Pole-Changing Control / 7.7.4：

Field Feedback Control (Flux Vector Drive) / 7.7.5：

A Transfer-Function Model for an Induction Motor / 7.7.6：

Single-Phase AC Motors / 7.7.7：

Synchronous Motors / 7.8：

Control of a Synchronous Motor / 7.8.1：

Linear Actuators / 7.9：

Solenoid / 7.9.1：

Linear Motors / 7.9.2：

Hydraulic Actuators / 7.10：

Components of a Hydraulic Control System / 7.10.1：

Hydraulic Pumps and Motors / 7.10.2：

Hydraulic Valves / 7.10.3：

Spool Valve / 7.10.3.1：

Steady-State Valve Characteristics / 7.10.3.2：

Hydraulic Primary Actuators / 7.10.4：

Load Equation / 7.10.5：

Hydraulic Control Systems / 7.11：

Constant-Flow Systems / 7.11.1：

Pump-Controlled Hydraulic Actuators / 7.11.3：

Hydraulic Accumulators / 7.11.4：

Pneumatic Control Systems / 7.11.5：

Flapper Valves / 7.11.6：

Hydraulic Circuits / 7.11.7：

Fluidics / 7.12：

Fluidic Components / 7.12.1：

Logic Components / 7.12.1.1：

Fluidic Motion Sensors / 7.12.1.2：

Fluidic Amplifiers / 7.12.1.3：

Fluidic Control Systems / 7.12.2：

Interfacing Considerations / 7.12.2.1：

Modular Laminated Construction / 7.12.2.2：

Applications of Fluidics / 7.12.3：

Mechanical Transmission Components / 8：

Mechanical Components / 8.1：

Transmission Components / 8.2：

Lead Screw and Nut / 8.3：

Harmonic Drives / 8.4：

Continuously Variable Transmission / 8.5：

Two-Slider CVT / 8.5.1：

A Three-Slider CVT / 8.5.3：

Bibliography and Further Reading

Answers to Numerical Problems

Index

Control, Instrumentation, and Design / 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

Control Engineering / 1.2：

31.

図書

31. Polymer fiber optics : materials, physics, and applications (hard.)

Mark G. Kuzyk

出版情報:	Boca Raton : CRC : Taylor & Francis, c2007 399 p. ; 24 cm.
シリーズ名:	Optical science and engineering ; 117
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目次情報: 続きを見る

History of Polymer Optical Fibers / Chapter 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

Using Light for Telecommunications / 1.2：

Glass Fibers / 1.3：

Optical Imaging / 1.3.1：

Multimode Fibers / 1.3.2：

Small Core Fibers / 1.3.3：

Polymer Fibers / 1.4：

Early History of Polymer Fibers / 1.4.1：

Gradient-Index Fibers / 1.4.2：

Single-Mode Polymer Fibers / 1.4.4：

Electrooptic Fiber Devices / 1.4.5：

Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers / 1.4.6：

Dual-Core Couplers and Devices / 1.4.7：

The Future / 1.5：

Light Propagation in a Fiber Waveguide / Chapter 2：

The Ray Picture of a Waveguide / 2.1：

The Wave Picture of a Waveguide / 2.1.2：

Rays and Waves / 2.1.2.1：

Solving Maxwell's Wave Equation / 2.1.2.2：

Bound Modes of Step-Index Fibers / 2.2：

Field Relations / 2.2.1：

Longitudinal Fields / 2.2.2：

Bound Modes / 2.2.3：

HE and EH Modes / 2.2.4：

TE and TM Modes / 2.2.5：

Multimode Waveguides / 2.3：

Ray Propagation in a Graded-Index Medium / 2.4：

Transit Time / 2.4.1：

Homogeneous Step-Index Profile / 2.4.2：

Ray Picture / 2.4.2.1：

Ideal Index Profile-The Power Law Profile / 2.4.3：

Hyperbolic Secant Profile / 2.4.3.1：

Directional Couplers / 2.5：

Nonlinear Directional Couplers / 2.5.1：

Conclusion / 2.6：

Acknowledgments / 2.7：

Fabricating Fibers / Chapter 3：

Making Polymer Fibers by Extrusion / 3.1：

Continuous Extrusion / 3.1.1：

Batch Extrusion / 3.1.2：

Making Polymer Fiber by Drawing a Preform / 3.2：

Making Doped Polymers / 3.2.1：

Dissolving Polymers / 3.2.1.1：

Polymerization with Dopants / 3.2.1.2：

Making a Core Preform / 3.2.2：

Making Core Fibers by Drawing / 3.2.3：

Making Core/Cladding Preforms / 3.2.4：

Dry Processing / 3.2.4.1：

Wet Processing / 3.2.4.2：

Birefringence of Drawn Fibers / 3.3：

Mechanical Properties of Fibers / 3.4：

Theory of Refractive Index and Loss / Chapter 4：

Refractive Index / 4.1：

Isotropic Polymer / 4.1.1：

Birefringent Polymers / 4.1.2：

Relationship Between Number and Weight Percent / 4.1.3：

Mixing Polymers to Control the Refractive Index / 4.1.4：

Optical Loss / 4.2：

Absorbance / 4.2.1：

Linear Susceptibility / 4.2.2：

Bending Loss / 4.3：

Multimode Fiber / 4.3.1：

Single-Mode Fiber / 4.3.2：

Rayleigh Scattering / 4.3.2.1：

Microbending Loss / 4.3.3：

Dispersion / 4.4：

The Harmonic Oscillator / 4.4.1：

A Practical Example / 4.5：

Problem / 4.5.1：

Solution / 4.5.2：

Polarization / 4.6：

The Poincare Sphere / 4.6.1：

Some Examples of Polarization States / 4.6.2：

Characterization Techniques and Properties / Chapter 5：

Interphako / 5.1：

One-Dimensional Slab / 5.1.1.1：

Cylindrical Sample / 5.1.1.2：

Beam Deflection Technique / 5.1.2：

DDM Theory / 5.1.2.1：

DDM Experiment / 5.1.2.2：

Examples of Measured Refractive Index Profiles / 5.1.2.3：

Refracted Near-Field Technique / 5.1.3：

Theory / 5.1.3.1：

Experimental Results / 5.1.3.3：

Fresnel Reflection Technique / 5.1.4：

Other Refractive Index Measurement Techniques / 5.1.5：

Measurements on Gradient-Index Fibers / 5.1.6：

Summary of Refractive Index Measurements / 5.1.7：

Cutback Technique / 5.2：

Quick Cutback Method / 5.2.1.1：

Accurate Cutback Method / 5.2.1.2：

Transverse Scattering Loss Measurement / 5.2.2：

The Eyeball Technique / 5.2.3：

Photothermal Deflection / 5.2.4：

Side-Illuminated Fluorescence / 5.2.5：

Numerical Aperture / 5.2.5.1：

Input Numerical Aperture Measurements / 5.3.1：

Objective Lens Coupling / 5.3.1.1：

Ray Angle Method / 5.3.1.2：

Output Numerical Aperture / 5.3.2：

Bandwidth / 5.4：

Modal Dispersion - Ray Picture / 5.4.1：

Material Dispersion / 5.4.2：

Numerical Example of Material Dispersion / 5.4.2.1：

Modal Dispersion - Wave Picture / 5.4.3：

Measurement Techniques / 5.4.4：

Frequency Domain Measurements / 5.4.4.1：

Time Domain Experiments / 5.4.4.2：

Time Domain Measurements Applied Graded-Index Polymer Fibers / 5.4.4.3：

Mode Mixing in Polymer Fibers / 5.4.4.4：

Transmission, Light Sources, and Amplifiers / Chapter 6：

Transmission / 6.1：

Loss Conventions / 6.1.1：

Fiber Materials / 6.1.2：

Displays / 6.2：

Optical Amplification and Lasing / 6.3：

Principles of Stimulated Emission / 6.3.1：

Fluorescence / 6.3.2：

Decay and Recovery of Fluorescence / 6.3.2.1：

Amplified Spontaneous Emission / 6.3.3：

Gain / 6.3.3.1：

Reversible Degradation in ASE / 6.3.3.2：

ASE in Fibers / 6.3.3.3：

Polymer Optical Fiber Amplifiers / 6.3.4：

Laser Dyes / 6.3.4.1：

Lanthanide Complexes / 6.3.4.2：

Applications / 6.3.5：

Optical Switching / Chapter 7：

Electrooptic Switching / 7.1：

Electrooptic Modulation / 7.1.1：

Theory of Electrooptic Modulation in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer / 7.1.1.1：

Experimental Technique to Measure Electrooptic Coefficients / 7.1.1.2：

Electrooptic Modulation in a Polymer Optical Fiber / 7.1.1.3：

Electrooptic Devices / 7.1.2：

All-Optical Switching / 7.2：

Intensity-Dependent Phase Shift in Polymer Waveguide and Fibers / 7.2.1：

Optical Devices in Polymer Fibers / 7.2.3：

Sagnac Device / 7.2.3.1：

Dual Core Polymer Fiber Switch / 7.2.3.2：

Optical Bistability and Multistability / 7.2.4：

Multistability of a Fabry-Perot Interferometer with End Reflectors / 7.2.4.1：

Multistability of a Fabry-Perot Interferometer due to Fresnel Reflections / 7.2.4.2：

Comparison of the Fresnel and Fabry-Perot Results / 7.2.4.3：

Graphical Solution to Transcendental Equations / 7.2.4.4：

Structured Fibers and Specialty Applications / Chapter 8：

Bragg Gratings / 8.1：

The Bragg Condition, K = 2[Beta] / 8.1.1：

Bragg Gratings in Polymer Fibers / 8.1.3：

Spectrometer / 8.1.4：

Wavelength Division Multiplexing and Demultiplexing / 8.1.4.2：

Advanced Structured Fibers / 8.2：

Imaging Fibers / 8.2.1：

Capillary Tubes / 8.2.2：

Photonic Crystal Fibers / 8.2.3：

Two Parallel Waveguides / 8.2.3.1：

Infinite Number of Parallel Waveguides / 8.2.3.2：

Holey Fiber / 8.2.3.3：

Photorefraction / 8.3：

Two-Beam Coupling / 8.3.1：

Real-Time Holography in a Polymer Fiber / 8.3.2：

Phase Conjugation in a Polymer Fiber / 8.3.3：

Stress and Temperature Sensors / 8.4：

Discrete Sensors / 8.4.1：

Distributed Sensors / 8.4.2：

Chemical Sensors / 8.5：

Single-Agent Sensors / 8.5.1：

Artificial Nose / 8.5.2：

Appendix-Coupled Wave Equation / 8.6：

Smart Fibers and Materials / Chapter 9：

Smart Materials / 9.1：

Photostriction / 9.1.1：

Smart Structures / 9.1.3：

Photomechanical Effects / 9.2：

Theory of Strain / 9.2.1：

Nonlocal Response / 9.2.1.2：

Mechanisms / 9.2.2：

Photothermal Heating / 9.2.2.1：

Photo-Isomerization / 9.2.2.2：

Electrostriction / 9.2.2.3：

Molecular Reorientation / 9.2.2.4：

Electron Cloud Deformation / 9.2.2.5：

Experimental Examples / 9.2.3：

The First Demonstration of an All-Optical Photomechanical System - Nano-Stabilization / 9.2.3.1：

Mesoscale Photomechanical Devices and Multistability / 9.2.3.2：

Optical Tunable Filter and All-Optical Switching / 9.2.3.3：

Stabilizing a Sheet with an MPU / 9.2.3.4：

Transverse Photomechanical Actuation / 9.2.3.5：

The Future of Smart Photonic Materials / 9.3：

Making a Series of MPUs in a Single Fiber / 9.3.1：

The Two-MPU System / 9.3.3：

CASE I: Photomechanical MPU #1; Passive MPU #2; Light Source with Wavelengths [lambda subscript 1] and [lambda subscript 2] / 9.3.3.1：

Case II: Passive MPU #1; Photomechanical MPU #2; Light Source with Wavelength [lambda] / 9.3.3.2：

Case III: Photomechanical MPU #1 and MPU #2; Light Source with Wavelength [lambda] / 9.3.3.3：

Smart Threads and Fabrics / 9.3.4：

Transverse Actuation / 9.3.5：

Crack Formation Sensing and Prevention / 9.3.6：

Noise Reduction / 9.3.7：

Bibliography / 9.3.8：

Index

History of Polymer Optical Fibers / Chapter 1：

Introduction / 1.1：

Using Light for Telecommunications / 1.2：

32.

図書

32. Mixed Hodge structures (: softcover)

Chris A.M. Peters, Joseph H.M. Steenbrink

出版情報:	Berlin : Springer, c2008 xiii, 470 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete ; 3. Folge, v. 52
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Introduction

Basic Hodge Theory / Part I：

Compact Kahler Manifolds / 1：

Classical Hodge Theory / 1.1：

Harmonic Theory / 1.1.1：

The Hodge Decomposition / 1.1.2：

Hodge Structures in Cohomology and Homology / 1.1.3：

The Lefschetz Decomposition / 1.2：

Representation Theory of SL(2, R) / 1.2.1：

Primitive Cohomology / 1.2.2：

Applications / 1.3：

Pure Hodge Structures / 2：

Hodge Structures / 2.1：

Basic Definitions / 2.1.1：

Polarized Hodge Structures / 2.1.2：

Mumford-Tate Groups of Hodge Structures / 2.2：

Hodge Filtration and Hodge Complexes / 2.3：

Hodge to De Rham Spectral Sequence / 2.3.1：

Strong Hodge Decompositions / 2.3.2：

Hodge Complexes and Hodge Complexes of Sheaves / 2.3.3：

Refined Fundamental Classes / 2.4：

Almost Kahler V-Manifolds / 2.5：

Abstract Aspects of Mixed Hodge Structures / 3：

Introduction to Mixed Hodge Structures: Formal Aspects / 3.1：

Comparison of Filtrations / 3.2：

Mixed Hodge Structures and Mixed Hodge Complexes / 3.3：

The Mixed Cone / 3.4：

Extensions of Mixed Hodge Structures / 3.5：

Mixed Hodge Extensions / 3.5.1：

Iterated Extensions and Absolute Hodge Cohomology / 3.5.2：

Mixed Hodge structures on Cohomology Groups / Part II：

Smooth Varieties / 4：

Main Result / 4.1：

Residue Maps / 4.2：

Associated Mixed Hodge Complexes of Sheaves / 4.3：

Logarithmic Structures / 4.4：

Independence of the Compactification and Further Complements / 4.5：

Invariance / 4.5.1：

Restrictions for the Hodge Numbers / 4.5.2：

Theorem of the Fixed Part and Applications / 4.5.3：

Application to Lefschetz Pencils / 4.5.4：

Singular Varieties / 5：

Simplicial and Cubical Sets / 5.1：

Sheaves on Semi-simplicial Spaces and Their Cohomology / 5.1.1：

Cohomological Descent and Resolutions / 5.1.3：

Construction of Cubical Hyperresolutions / 5.2：

Mixed Hodge Theory for Singular Varieties / 5.3：

The Basic Construction / 5.3.1：

Mixed Hodge Theory of Proper Modifications / 5.3.2：

Restriction on the Hodge Numbers / 5.3.3：

Cup Product and the Kunneth Formula / 5.4：

Relative Cohomology / 5.5：

Construction of the Mixed Hodge Structure / 5.5.1：

Cohomology with Compact Support / 5.5.2：

Singular Varieties: Complementary Results / 6：

The Leray Filtration / 6.1：

Deleted Neighbourhoods of Algebraic Sets / 6.2：

Mixed Hodge Complexes / 6.2.1：

Products and Deleted Neighbourhoods / 6.2.2：

Semi-purity of the Link / 6.2.3：

Cup and Cap Products, and Duality / 6.3：

Duality for Cohomology with Compact Supports / 6.3.1：

The Extra-Ordinary Cup Product / 6.3.2：

Applications to Algebraic Cycles and to Singularities / 7：

The Hodge Conjectures / 7.1：

Versions for Smooth Projective Varieties / 7.1.1：

The Hodge Conjecture and the Intermediate Jacobian / 7.1.2：

A Version for Singular Varieties / 7.1.3：

Deligne Cohomology / 7.2：

Basic Properties / 7.2.1：

Cycle Classes for Deligne Cohomology / 7.2.2：

The Filtered De Rham Complex And Applications / 7.3：

The Filtered De Rham Complex / 7.3.1：

Application to Vanishing Theorems / 7.3.2：

Applications to Du Bois Singularities / 7.3.3：

Mixed Hodge Structures on Homotopy Groups / Part III：

Hodge Theory and Iterated Integrals / 8：

Some Basic Results from Homotopy Theory / 8.1：

Formulation of the Main Results / 8.2：

Loop Space Cohomology and the Homotopy De Rham Theorem / 8.3：

Iterated Integrals / 8.3.1：

Chen's Version of the De Rham Theorem / 8.3.2：

The Bar Construction / 8.3.3：

Iterated Integrals of 1-Forms / 8.3.4：

The Homotopy De Rham Theorem for the Fundamental Group / 8.4：

Mixed Hodge Structure on the Fundamental Group / 8.5：

The Sullivan Construction / 8.6：

Mixed Hodge Structures on the Higher Homotopy Groups / 8.7：

Hodge Theory and Minimal Models / 9：

Minimal Models of Differential Graded Algebras / 9.1：

Postnikov Towers and Minimal Models; the Simply Connected Case / 9.2：

Mixed Hodge Structures on the Minimal Model / 9.3：

Formality of Compact Kahler Manifolds / 9.4：

The 1-Minimal Model / 9.4.1：

The De Rham Fundamental Group / 9.4.2：

Formality / 9.4.3：

Hodge Structures and Local Systems / Part IV：

Variations of Hodge Structure / 10：

Preliminaries: Local Systems over Complex Manifolds / 10.1：

Abstract Variations of Hodge Structure / 10.2：

Big Monodromy Groups, an Application / 10.3：

Variations of Hodge Structures Coming From Smooth Families / 10.4：

Degenerations of Hodge Structures / 11：

Local Systems Acquiring Singularities / 11.1：

Connections with Logarithmic Poles / 11.1.1：

The Riemann-Hilbert Correspondence (I) / 11.1.2：

The Limit Mixed Hodge Structure on Nearby Cycle Spaces / 11.2：

Asymptotics for Variations of Hodge Structure over a Punctured Disk / 11.2.1：

Geometric Set-Up and Preliminary Reductions / 11.2.2：

The Nearby and Vanishing Cycle Functor / 11.2.3：

The Relative Logarithmic de Rham Complex and Quasi-unipotency of the Monodromy / 11.2.4：

The Complex Monodromy Weight Filtration and the Hodge Filtration / 11.2.5：

The Rational Structure / 11.2.6：

The Mixed Hodge Structure on the Limit / 11.2.7：

Geometric Consequences for Degenerations / 11.3：

Monodromy, Specialization and Wang Sequence / 11.3.1：

The Monodromy and Local Invariant Cycle Theorems / 11.3.2：

Examples / 11.4：

Applications of Asymptotic Hodge theory / 12：

Applications to Singularities / 12.1：

Localizing Nearby Cycles / 12.1.1：

A Mixed Hodge Structure on the Cohomology of Milnor Fibres / 12.1.2：

The Spectrum of Singularities / 12.1.3：

An Application to Cycles: Grothendieck's Induction Principle / 12.2：

Perverse Sheaves and D-Modules / 13：

Verdier Duality / 13.1：

Dimension / 13.1.1：

The Dualizing Complex / 13.1.2：

Statement of Verdier Duality / 13.1.3：

Extraordinary Pull Back / 13.1.4：

Perverse Complexes / 13.2：

Intersection Homology and Cohomology / 13.2.1：

Constructible and Perverse Complexes / 13.2.2：

An Example: Nearby and Vanishing Cycles / 13.2.3：

Introduction to D-Modules / 13.3：

Integrable Connections and D-Modules / 13.3.1：

From Left to Right and Vice Versa / 13.3.2：

Derived Categories of D-modules / 13.3.3：

Inverse and Direct Images / 13.3.4：

An Example: the Gauss-Manin System / 13.3.5：

Coherent D-Modules / 13.4：

Good Filtrations and Characteristic Varieties / 13.4.1：

Behaviour under Direct and Inverse Images / 13.4.3：

Filtered D-modules / 13.5：

Derived Categories / 13.5.1：

Duality / 13.5.2：

Functoriality / 13.5.3：

Holonomic D-Modules / 13.6：

Symplectic Geometry / 13.6.1：

Basics on Holonomic D-Modules / 13.6.2：

The Riemann-Hilbert Correspondence (II) / 13.6.3：

Mixed Hodge Modules / 14：

An Axiomatic Introduction / 14.1：

The Axioms / 14.1.1：

First Consequences of the Axioms / 14.1.2：

Spectral Sequences / 14.1.3：

Intersection Cohomology / 14.1.4：

The Kashiwara-Malgrange Filtration / 14.1.5：

Motivation / 14.2.1：

The Rational V-Filtration / 14.2.2：

Polarizable Hodge Modules / 14.3：

Hodge Modules / 14.3.1：

Polarizations / 14.3.2：

Lefschetz Operators and the Decomposition Theorem / 14.3.3：

Variations of Mixed Hodge Structure / 14.4：

Defining Mixed Hodge Modules / 14.4.2：

About the Axioms / 14.4.3：

Application: Vanishing Theorems / 14.4.4：

The Motivic Hodge Character and Motivic Chern Classes / 14.4.5：

Appendices / Part V：

Homological Algebra / A：

Additive and Abelian Categories / A.1：

Pre-Abelian Categories / A.1.1：

Additive Categories / A.1.2：

The Homotopy Category / A.2：

The Derived Category / A.2.2：

Injective and Projective Resolutions / A.2.3：

Derived Functors / A.2.4：

Properties of the Ext-functor / A.2.5：

Yoneda Extensions / A.2.6：

Spectral Sequences and Filtrations / A.3：

Filtrations / A.3.1：

Spectral Sequences and Exact Couples / A.3.2：

Filtrations Induce Spectral Sequences / A.3.3：

Derived Functors and Spectral Sequences / A.3.4：

Algebraic and Differential Topology / B：

Singular (Co)homology and Borel-Moore Homology / B.1：

Basic Definitions and Tools / B.1.1：

Pairings and Products / B.1.2：

Sheaf Cohomology / B.2：

The Godement Resolution and Cohomology / B.2.1：

Cohomology and Supports / B.2.2：

Cech Cohomology / B.2.3：

De Rham Theorems / B.2.4：

Direct and Inverse Images / B.2.5：

Sheaf Cohomology and Closed Subspaces / B.2.6：

Mapping Cones and Cylinders / B.2.7：

Duality Theorems on Manifolds / B.2.8：

Orientations and Fundamental Classes / B.2.9：

Local Systems and Their Cohomology / B.3：

Local Systems and Locally Constant Sheaves / B.3.1：

Homology and Cohomology / B.3.2：

Local Systems and Flat Connections / B.3.3：

Stratified Spaces and Singularities / C：

Stratified Spaces / C.1：

Pseudomanifolds / C.1.1：

Whitney Stratifications / C.1.2：

Fibrations, and the Topology of Singularities / C.2：

The Milnor Fibration / C.2.1：

Topology of One-parameter Degenerations / C.2.2：

An Example: Lefschetz Pencils / C.2.3：

References

Index of Notations

Index

Introduction

Basic Hodge Theory / Part I：

Compact Kahler Manifolds / 1：

33.

図書

33. Measurement of human locomotion

Vladimir Medved

出版情報:	Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, c2001 xiii, 255 p. ; 25 cm
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Introduction / Chapter 1：

About the Book / 1.1：

The History of Locomotion Measurement / 1.2：

Methodological Background / Chapter 2：

Biomechanical Modeling of the Human Body and the Inverse Dynamic Approach / 2.1：

Neurophysiology of Locomotion / 2.2：

Reciprocal Inhibition / 2.2.1：

The Placing Reaction and Reflex Reversal / 2.2.2：

Automatic Generation of Locomotor Patterns / 2.2.3：

Hierarchical Organization of Motor Control / 2.2.4：

Computational Neuroscience and Locomotion / 2.2.5：

The Peripheral Neuromuscular System / 2.2.6：

Biomechanical Modeling of Skeletal Muscle / 2.3：

General Properties of Locomotion Measurement Systems / Chapter 3：

Structure of a Measurement System / 3.1：

Analog-to-Digital Conversion of Signals / 3.2：

Sampling / 3.2.1：

Conversion of the Sampled Signal / 3.2.2：

Technical Realization of the Analog-to-Digital Converter / 3.2.3：

Requirements of Locomotion Measurement Systems / 3.3：

Measurement of Locomotion Kinematics / Chapter 4：

Exoskeletal Systems / 4.1：

Stereometric Methods / 4.2：

Stereophotogrammetric Methods / 4.2.1：

Close-Range Analytical Photogrammetry Fundamentals / 4.2.1.1：

The High-Speed Photography Method / 4.2.1.2：

Optoelectronic Methods / 4.2.1.3：

Light Scanning-Based Methods / 4.2.1.4：

Stereometric Methods--Final Considerations, Signal Processing Aspects, and Computer Vision Issues / 4.2.1.5：

Accelerometry / 4.3：

Kinematic Data Processing / 4.4：

Sources of Errors in Kinematic Measurements / 4.4.1：

Filtering and Numerical Differentiation of Kinematic Data / 4.4.2：

Measurement of Kinetic Variables / Chapter 5：

Ground Reaction Force Measuring Platforms / 5.1：

The Strain Gage Transducer-Based Platform / 5.1.1：

The Strain Gage Sensor / 5.1.1.1：

Platform Construction / 5.1.1.2：

The Piezoelectric Transducer-Based Platform / 5.1.2：

The Piezoelectric Effect / 5.1.2.1：

Mounting the Force Platform / 5.1.2.2：

Applications of the Force Platform / 5.1.4：

Walking and Running / 5.1.4.1：

Take-Off Ability / 5.1.4.2：

Kinetic Signal Representation / 5.1.5：

Vector Diagram / 5.1.5.1：

Stabilometry / 5.1.5.2：

Pressure Distribution Measurement Systems / 5.2：

Historical Development / 5.2.1：

Solutions and Examples of Use / 5.2.2：

Platforms / 5.2.2.1：

Shoe Insoles / 5.2.2.2：

Clinical Findings and Standardization of Measurement / 5.2.3：

Measurement of Myoelectric Variables / Chapter 6：

The Neuromuscular System and Bioelectricity: A Historical Survey / 6.1：

The Myoelectric Signal Model / 6.2：

Kinesiological Electromyography / 6.3：

Surface Electromyography / 6.3.1：

Surface Electrodes in Electromyography / 6.3.1.1：

Myoelectric Signal Amplifiers / 6.3.1.2：

EMG Telemetry / 6.3.2：

Myoelectric Signal Processing / 6.4：

Time Domain Processing Methods / 6.4.1：

Processing in the Frequency Domain / 6.4.2：

Normalization / 6.4.3：

EMG Signal as an Estimate of Muscle Force / 6.4.4：

Multichannel EMG Signal Processing / 6.4.5：

Applications of Surface Electromyography / 6.5：

Backward Somersault in Gymnastics / 6.5.1：

Comprehensive Locomotion Diagnostic Systems and Future Prospects / Chapter 7：

Comprehensive Biomechanical Measurements and Clinical Applications / 7.1：

Development of Methodology of Marker-Free Kinematic Measurements / 7.2：

References

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Index

Introduction / Chapter 1：

About the Book / 1.1：

The History of Locomotion Measurement / 1.2：

34.

図書

34. Essentials of computational chemistry : theories and models. 2nd ed (pbk. : alk. paper ; cloth : alk. paper)

Christopher J. Cramer

出版情報:	Chichester, West Sussex, England ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, c2004 xx, 596 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Acknowledgments

What are Theory, Computation, and Modeling? / 1：

Definition of Terms / 1.1：

Quantum Mechanics / 1.2：

Computable Quantities / 1.3：

Structure / 1.3.1：

Potential Energy Surfaces / 1.3.2：

Chemical Properties / 1.3.3：

Cost and Efficiency / 1.4：

Intrinsic Value / 1.4.1：

Hardware and Software / 1.4.2：

Algorithms / 1.4.3：

Note on Units / 1.5：

Bibliography and Suggested Additional Reading

References

Molecular Mechanics / 2：

History and Fundamental Assumptions / 2.1：

Potential Energy Functional Forms / 2.2：

Bond Stretching / 2.2.1：

Valence Angle Bending / 2.2.2：

Torsions / 2.2.3：

Van der Waals Interactions / 2.2.4：

Electrostatic Interactions / 2.2.5：

Cross Terms and Additional Non-bonded Terms / 2.2.6：

Parameterization Strategies / 2.2.7：

Force-field Energies and Thermodynamics / 2.3：

Geometry Optimization / 2.4：

Optimization Algorithms / 2.4.1：

Optimization Aspects Specific to Force Fields / 2.4.2：

Menagerie of Modern Force Fields / 2.5：

Available Force Fields / 2.5.1：

Validation / 2.5.2：

Force Fields and Docking / 2.6：

Case Study: (2R*,4S*)-1-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethylhex-5-ene / 2.7：

Simulations of Molecular Ensembles / 3：

Relationship Between MM Optima and Real Systems / 3.1：

Phase Space and Trajectories / 3.2：

Properties as Ensemble Averages / 3.2.1：

Properties as Time Averages of Trajectories / 3.2.2：

Molecular Dynamics / 3.3：

Harmonic Oscillator Trajectories / 3.3.1：

Non-analytical Systems / 3.3.2：

Practical Issues in Propagation / 3.3.3：

Stochastic Dynamics / 3.3.4：

Monte Carlo / 3.4：

Manipulation of Phase-space Integrals / 3.4.1：

Metropolis Sampling / 3.4.2：

Ensemble and Dynamical Property Examples / 3.5：

Key Details in Formalism / 3.6：

Cutoffs and Boundary Conditions / 3.6.1：

Polarization / 3.6.2：

Control of System Variables / 3.6.3：

Simulation Convergence / 3.6.4：

The Multiple Minima Problem / 3.6.5：

Force Field Performance in Simulations / 3.7：

Case Study: Silica Sodalite / 3.8：

Foundations of Molecular Orbital Theory / 4：

Quantum Mechanics and the Wave Function / 4.1：

The Hamiltonian Operator / 4.2：

General Features / 4.2.1：

The Variational Principle / 4.2.2：

The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation / 4.2.3：

Construction of Trial Wave Functions / 4.3：

The LCAO Basis Set Approach / 4.3.1：

The Secular Equation / 4.3.2：

H?uckel Theory / 4.4：

Fundamental Principles / 4.4.1：

Application to the Allyl System / 4.4.2：

Many-electron Wave Functions / 4.5：

Hartree-product Wave Functions / 4.5.1：

The Hartree Hamiltonian / 4.5.2：

Electron Spin and Antisymmetry / 4.5.3：

Slater Determinants / 4.5.4：

The Hartree-Fock Self-consistent Field Method / 4.5.5：

Semiempirical Implementations of Molecular Orbital Theory / 5：

Semiempirical Philosophy / 5.1：

Chemically Virtuous Approximations / 5.1.1：

Analytic Derivatives / 5.1.2：

Extended Huckel Theory / 5.2：

CNDO Formalism / 5.3：

INDO Formalism / 5.4：

INDO and INDO/S / 5.4.1：

MINDO/3 and SINDO1 / 5.4.2：

Basic NDDO Formalism / 5.5：

MNDO / 5.5.1：

AM1 / 5.5.2：

PM3 / 5.5.3：

General Performance Overview of Basic NDDO Models / 5.6：

Energetics / 5.6.1：

Geometries / 5.6.2：

Charge Distributions / 5.6.3：

Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Acknowledgments

35.

図書

35. Computational physics : an introduction. 2nd ed

Franz J. Vesely

出版情報:	New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, c2001 xvi, 259 p. ; 26 cm
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The Three Pillars of Computational Physics / I：

Finite Differences / 1：

Interpolation Formulae / 1.1：

NGF Interpolation / 1.1.1：

NGB Interpolation / 1.1.2：

ST Interpolation / 1.1.3：

Difference Quotients / 1.2：

DNGF Formulae / 1.2.1：

DNGB Formulae / 1.2.2：

DST Formulae / 1.2.3：

Finite Differences in Two Dimensions / 1.3：

Sample Applications / 1.4：

Classical Point Mechanics / 1.4.1：

Diffusion and Thermal Conduction / 1.4.2：

Linear Algebra / 2：

Exact Methods / 2.1：

Gauss Elimination and Back Substitution / 2.1.1：

Simplifying Matrices: The Householder Transformation / 2.1.2：

LU Decomposition / 2.1.3：

Tridiagonal Matrices: Recursion Method / 2.1.4：

Iterative Methods / 2.2：

Jacobi Relaxation / 2.2.1：

Gauss-Seidel Relaxation (GSR) / 2.2.2：

Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) / 2.2.3：

Alternating Direction Implicit Method (ADI) / 2.2.4：

Conjugate Gradient Method (CG) / 2.2.5：

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors / 2.3：

Largest Eigenvalue and Related Eigenvector / 2.3.1：

Arbitrary Eigenvalue/-vector: Inverse Iteration / 2.3.2：

Potential Equation / 2.4：

Electronic Orbitals / 2.4.3：

Stochastics / 3：

Equidistributed Random Variates / 3.1：

Linear Congruential Generators / 3.1.1：

Shift Register Generators / 3.1.2：

Other Distributions / 3.2：

Fundamentals / 3.2.1：

Transformation Method / 3.2.2：

Generalized Transformation Method / 3.2.3：

Rejection Method / 3.2.4：

Multivariate Gaussian Distribution / 3.2.5：

Equidistribution in Orientation Space / 3.2.6：

Random Sequences / 3.3：

Markov Processes / 3.3.1：

Autoregressive Processes / 3.3.3：

Wiener-Levy Process / 3.3.4：

Markov Chains and the Monte Carlo method / 3.3.5：

Stochastic Optimization / 3.4：

Simulated Annealing / 3.4.1：

Genetic Algorithms / 3.4.2：

Everything Flows / II：

Ordinary Differential Equations / 4：

Initial Value Problems of First Order / 4.1：

Euler-Cauchy Algorithm / 4.1.1：

Stability and Accuracy of Difference Schemes / 4.1.2：

Explicit Methods / 4.1.3：

Implicit Methods / 4.1.4：

Predictor-Corrector Method / 4.1.5：

Runge-Kutta Method / 4.1.6：

Extrapolation Method / 4.1.7：

Initial Value Problems of Second Order / 4.2：

Verlet Method / 4.2.1：

Nordsieck Formulation of the PC Method / 4.2.2：

Symplectic Algorithms / 4.2.4：

Numerov's Method / 4.2.6：

Boundary Value Problems / 4.3：

Shooting Method / 4.3.1：

Relaxation Method / 4.3.2：

Partial Differential Equations / 5：

Initial Value Problems I (Hyperbolic) / 5.1：

FTCS Scheme; Stability Analysis / 5.1.1：

Lax Scheme / 5.1.2：

Leapfrog Scheme (LF) / 5.1.3：

Lax-Wendroff Scheme (LW) / 5.1.4：

Lax and Lax-Wendroff in Two Dimensions / 5.1.5：

Initial Value Problems II (Parabolic) / 5.2：

FTCS Scheme / 5.2.1：

Implicit Scheme of First Order / 5.2.2：

Crank-Nicholson Scheme (CN) / 5.2.3：

Dufort-Frankel Scheme (DF) / 5.2.4：

Boundary Value Problems: Elliptic DE / 5.3：

Relaxation and Multigrid Techniques / 5.3.1：

ADI Method for the Potential Equation / 5.3.2：

Fourier Transform Method (FT) / 5.3.3：

Cyclic Reduction (CR) / 5.3.4：

Anchors Aweigh / III：

Simulation and Statistical Mechanics / 6：

Model Systems of Statistical Mechanics / 6.1：

A Nutshellfull of Fluids and Solids / 6.1.1：

Tricks of the Trade / 6.1.2：

Monte Carlo Method / 6.2：

Molecular Dynamics Simulation / 6.3：

Hard Spheres / 6.3.1：

Continuous Potentials / 6.3.2：

Beyond Basic Molecular Dynamics / 6.3.3：

Evaluation of Simulation Experiments / 6.4：

Pair Correlation Function / 6.4.1：

Autocorrelation Functions / 6.4.2：

Particles and Fields / 6.5：

Ewald summation / 6.5.1：

Particle-Mesh Methods (PM and P3M) / 6.5.2：

Stochastic Dynamics / 6.6：

Quantum Mechanical Simulation / 7：

Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) / 7.1：

Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) / 7.2：

Wave Packet Dynamics (WPD) / 7.3：

Density Functional Molecular Dynamics (DFMD) / 7.4：

Hydrodynamics / 8：

Compressible Flow without Viscosity / 8.1：

Explicit Eulerian Methods / 8.1.1：

Particle-in-Cell Method (PIC) / 8.1.2：

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) / 8.1.3：

Incompressible Flow with Viscosity / 8.2：

Vorticity Method / 8.2.1：

Pressure Method / 8.2.2：

Free Surfaces: Marker-and-Cell Method (MAC) / 8.2.3：

Lattice Gas Models for Hydrodynamics / 8.3：

Lattice Gas Cellular Automata / 8.3.1：

The Lattice Boltzmann Method / 8.3.2：

Direct Simulation Monte Carlo / Bird method / 8.4：

Appendixes

Machine Errors / A：

Discrete Fourier Transformation / B：

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) / B.1：

Bibliography

Index

The Three Pillars of Computational Physics / I：

Finite Differences / 1：

Interpolation Formulae / 1.1：

36.

図書

36. Handbook of mobile radio networks

Sami Tabbane

出版情報:	Boston : Artech House, 2000 xii, 619 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	The Artech House mobile communications series
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General Introduction / 1：

History and Development / 1.1：

Phase One: Theoretical Foundations / 1.1.1：

Second Phase: Development and Applications / 1.1.2：

Third Phase: Mobile Services for the General Public / 1.1.3：

Evolution of Mobile Systems / 1.1.4：

Equipment Development / 1.1.5：

Differences Between Fixed Networks and Mobile Networks / 1.2：

Limited Spectrum / 1.2.1：

Fluctuating Quality of Radio Links / 1.2.2：

Unknown and Variable Access Points / 1.2.3：

Management of the Spectrum and Standardization / 1.3：

International Organizations / 1.3.1：

European Organizations / 1.3.2：

Some U.S. Organizations / 1.3.3：

Contents of the Book / 1.4：

First Part (Chapters 2-8) / 1.4.1：

Second Part (Chapters 9-14) / 1.4.2：

Frequency Bands and Some Services and Applications / Appendix 1A：

References

Selected Bibliography

Propagation in a Mobile Radio Environment / 2：

Antenna Basic Elements / 2.1：

Principal Antenna Characteristics / 2.1.1：

Common Antennas / 2.1.2：

Coupling Loss Between Antennas / 2.1.3：

Parameters to Be Specified When Designing or Selecting Antennas / 2.1.4：

Power (Link) Budget / 2.1.5：

Mobile Radio Propagation / 2.2：

Pathloss / 2.2.1：

Attenuation Caused by Vegetation / 2.2.2：

Attenuation Due to Atmosphere / 2.2.3：

Diffraction and Fresnel Region / 2.2.4：

Multipath / 2.2.5：

Delay-spread / 2.2.6：

Rayleigh Fading / 2.2.7：

Doppler Shift / 2.2.8：

Indoor Environment Propagation Characteristics / 2.2.9：

Propagation in Dense Urban Environments / 2.2.10：

Conclusions / 2.2.11：

Interference and Noise / 2.3：

Noise / 2.3.1：

Interference / 2.3.2：

Propagation Prediction Models / 2.4：

Statistical Methods / 2.4.1：

Exact Methods and Ray Tracing/Launching / 2.4.2：

Noise That Can Affect Radio Reception / 2.5：

Internal Noise Sources / 2A.1：

External Noise Sources / 2A.2：

Decibels / Appendix 2B：

Determination of the Plane Earth Propagation Formula / Appendix 2C：

Access--Radio Channel Definitions and Resource Access / 3：

Multiple-Access Methods / 3.1：

Definitions--Narrowband and Wideband Systems / 3.1.1：

Frequency-Division Multiple Access / 3.1.2：

Time-Division Multiple Access / 3.1.3：

Code-Division Multiple Access / 3.1.4：

Random Access Protocols / 3.1.5：

Protocols Nonslotted and Without Carrier Sensing / 3.2.1：

Carrier Sensing Protocols / 3.2.2：

Non-Sensing Slotted Protocols / 3.2.3：

Reservation-Based Framed Protocols / 3.2.4：

TDMA System Measures of Efficiency / 3.3：

Throughputs of Some Random Access Protocols / Appendix 3B：

Protecting Against Channel Imperfections / 4：

Mechanisms Implemented in the Transmission System / 4.1：

Review of the Transmission System / 4.1.1：

Modulation / 4.1.2：

Error Control: ARQ and FEC / 4.1.3：

Equalization / 4.1.4：

Interleaving / 4.1.5：

Diversity Techniques / 4.2：

Microdiversity Techniques / 4.2.1：

Macrodiversity Techniques / 4.2.2：

Adaptive Antennas / 4.3：

Array Antennas / 4.3.1：

Smart Antennas / 4.3.2：

Space-Division Multiple Access Technique (SDMA) / 4.3.3：

Advantages and Drawbacks of Array Antennas / 4.3.4：

Security / 4.4：

Definitions and General Problems / 5.1：

Complexity of the Problem / 5.1.1：

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Protection / 5.1.2：

Attacks and Origin of Security Problems / 5.1.3：

Security Services and Mechanisms as Defined in the OSI Model / 5.1.4：

Confidentiality Problems / 5.2：

Confidentiality Levels / 5.2.1：

Data to Be Protected / 5.2.2：

Protection Methods / 5.3：

Communications Confidentiality: Ciphering or Encryption / 5.3.1：

Location Confidentiality by Use of Implicit Addresses / 5.3.2：

Access Security: Integrity and Authentication / 5.3.3：

Personalization and Telepersonalization / 5.3.4：

Some Methods in the Struggle Against Fraud / 5.3.5：

Examples of Security Feature Implementation / 5.3.6：

Authentication in the CT2 and DECT Systems / 5.4.1：

Authentication in Cellular Systems / 5.4.2：

Conclusions--Future Systems Security Features / 5.5：

Cryptographic Key Distribution Methods / Appendix 5A：

Selected Bibliography on Cryptography

Resource Management in Cellular Systems / 6：

History / 6.1：

The Cellular Concept / 6.2：

Frequency Reuse / 6.2.1：

Reuse Distance and Number of Cells per Cluster / 6.2.2：

Capacities / 6.2.3：

Link Budget / 6.2.4：

System Capacity Expansion Techniques and Network Quality Improvement / 6.2.5：

Frequency Hopping / 6.3.1：

Discontinuous Transmission and Packet Transmission Mode / 6.3.2：

Power Control / 6.3.3：

Dynamic Channel Allocation / 6.3.4：

Basic Cellular System Architecture / 6.4：

The Network Subsystem / 6.4.1：

The BSS / 6.4.2：

Cellular Planning and Engineering / 7：

Cellular Planning Elements / 7.1：

Importance of the Cellular Planning Process / 7.1.1：

Objectives and Problems in Cellular Planning / 7.1.2：

Coverage Objectives / 7.1.3：

Main Steps / 7.1.4：

Traffic Dimensioning Basics / 7.2：

Traffic Load Prediction / 7.2.1：

Quality of Service Parameters / 7.2.2：

Cell Dimensioning / 7.2.3：

Dimensioning Process for a GSM Network / 7.2.4：

Conclusion / 7.2.5：

Planning Stages of a Cellular Network / 7.3：

Radio Planning / 7.3.1：

Fixed Network Planning / 7.3.2：

System Tuning: Example of the GSM BSS / 7.3.3：

Increasing the Capacity of a Cellular Network / 7.5：

Adding New Channels / 7.5.1：

Channel Borrowing / 7.5.2：

Modification of the Cell Reuse Pattern / 7.5.3：

Cell Splitting / 7.5.4：

Sectorization / 7.5.5：

Down-Tilting / 7.5.6：

Cell Layering / 7.5.7：

Trends Toward the Microcellular Techniques / 7.5.8：

Capacity Solutions Comparison / 7.5.9：

Quality of Service / 7.6：

Erlang Formulas / Appendix 7B：

Erlang Table Example / Appendix 7C：

Mobility Management / 8：

Management of Radio Mobility: The Handover Procedure / 8.1：

Basic Handover Principle / 8.1.1：

Growing Importance of the Handover Procedure / 8.1.2：

The Various Handover Phases / 8.1.3：

Various Kinds of Handover Seen by the Network / 8.1.4：

Evaluation of the Handover Procedure / 8.1.5：

Handover Traffic / 8.1.6：

Handover Procedures in Analog Systems / 8.1.7：

Handover in Second-Generation Systems / 8.1.8：

Handover in Third-Generation Systems / 8.1.9：

Network Mobility: Cell Selection and Roaming / 8.1.10：

Cell Selection/Reselection Process / 8.2.1：

Location Management / 8.2.2：

Mobility Management in the Fixed and Mobile Networks: The UPT Concept / 8.2.3：

Location Management Methods for Third-Generation Systems / 8.3：

Memoryless Methods / 8A.1：

Database Architecture / 8A.1.1：

Optimizing Fixed Network Architecture / 8A.1.2：

Combining Location Areas and Paging Areas / 8A.1.3：

Multi-layer LAs / 8A.1.4：

A Procedure for Reducing Signaling Message Exchanges / 8A.1.5：

Memory-Based Methods / 8A.2：

Short-Term Observation for Dynamic LA and PA Sizes Assigning/Adjusting / 8A.2.1：

Individual User Patterns / 8A.2.2：

Predicting Short-Term Movements of the Subscriber / 8A.2.3：

Mobility Statistics / 8A.2.4：

Main UPT Features / Appendix 8B：

Professional Mobile Radio / 9：

Historic and General Background / 9.1：

Definition and General Background / 9.1.1：

PMR Categories According to User Needs / 9.1.2：

Categorization of Users and Organizations / 9.1.3：

PMR General Categorization / 9.1.4：

PMR Categorization According to Their Operation / 9.1.5：

PMR Services / 9.2：

PMR Characteristics / 9.2.1：

Services Offered / 9.2.2：

Conventional PMR Systems / 9.2.3：

Architecture of Conventional Radio Networks / 9.3.1：

Weaknesses of Conventional Radio Systems / 9.3.2：

Trunk Radio Networks / 9.4：

History of Trunked Systems / 9.4.1：

Efficiency of the Trunking Method / 9.4.2：

Trunking Architecture / 9.4.3：

Engineering / 9.4.4：

TETRA / 9.4.5：

TETRAPOL / 9.4.6：

Conventional PMRs Comparison/Analog Trunk/Digital Trunk / 9.4.7：

Short-Range Business Radio / 9.4.8：

PMR Evolution / 9.5：

Cordless Systems and Applications / 10：

Basic Principles and Applications / 10.1：

Characteristics / 10.1.1：

Applications / 10.1.2：

Examples of Cordless Systems / 10.2：

CT2 / 10.2.1：

DECT / 10.2.2：

PHS / 10.2.3：

PACS System / 10.2.4：

Paging Systems / 10.3：

Concepts and Basic Principles / 11.1：

Architecture / 11.1.1：

Signaling Methods / 11.1.2：

Transmission Channels / 11.1.3：

Services / 11.1.4：

Examples of One-Way Paging Systems / 11.1.5：

Eurosignal / 11.2.1：

POCSAG / 11.2.2：

Ermes / 11.2.3：

Cellular Networks / 11.3：

First-Generation Systems / 12.1：

Radiocom 2000 System / 12.1.1：

AMPS / 12.1.2：

NMT System / 12.1.3：

Second-Generation Systems / 12.2：

The GSM System / 12.2.1：

The D-AMPS System / 12.2.2：

The IS-95 System / 12.2.3：

Personal Digital Cellular System / 12.2.4：

GSM Functionality in Its Different Phases / 12.3：

Wireless Data Networks / 13：

Wireless Local Area Networks / 13.1：

Types of Wireless LAN Systems / 13.1.1：

Classification According to the Technique Used / 13.1.2：

Wireless LANs Applications / 13.1.3：

The HIPERLAN Standard / 13.1.4：

The 802.11 Standard / 13.1.5：

Wide Area Wireless Data Networks / 13.1.6：

Types of Systems and Evolution / 13.2.1：

ARDIS / 13.2.2：

The Mobitex System / 13.2.3：

Cellular Digital Packet Data / 13.2.4：

General Packet Radio Service / 13.2.5：

About The Author / 13.3：

Index

General Introduction / 1：

History and Development / 1.1：

Phase One: Theoretical Foundations / 1.1.1：

37.

図書

37. An introduction to turbulent reacting flows (: pbk)

R. S. Cant, E. Mastorakos

出版情報:	London : Imperial College Press, c2008 xiii, 177 p. ; 24 cm
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Preface

Introduction / 1：

Motivation, aims and audience / 1.1：

Relevance / 1.1.1：

Aims and structure / 1.1.2：

Bibliography / 1.1.3：

Governing equations / 1.2：

Instantaneous equations and basic concepts / 1.2.1：

Reynolds averaging / 1.2.2：

The mean reaction rate / 1.2.3：

Summary / 1.3：

Exercises / 1.4：

Some Comments on Turbulence / 2：

Statistical description / 2.1：

The randomness of turbulence / 2.2.1：

Probability density functions / 2.2.2：

Turbulent scales / 2.3：

Large-eddy scales / 2.3.1：

Dissipation and small scales / 2.3.2：

Taylor microscale / 2.3.3：

What are eddies? / 2.3.4：

Temporal and spatial correlations / 2.4：

Temporal autocorrelation / 2.4.1：

The convergence of averages / 2.4.2：

Spatial autocorrelation / 2.4.3：

Taylor hypothesis / 2.4.4：

Scalar scales / 2.4.5：

Reynolds-averaged equations / 2.5：

First moments / 2.5.1：

Eddy diffusivity / 2.5.2：

Second moments / 2.5.3：

Computational Fluid Dynamics / 2.5.4：

Spectra and intermittency / 2.6：

Spectra / 2.6.1：

Intermittency / 2.6.2：

Mixing / 2.7：

Molecular mixing / 3.1：

Some analytical solutions / 3.2.1：

Transport properties / 3.2.2：

Random walk / 3.2.3：

Brownian motion / 3.2.4：

Turbulent mixing / 3.3：

Taylor dispersion / 3.3.1：

Characterization of mixing / 3.3.2：

Length scales and spectra / 3.3.3：

Scalar dissipation / 3.3.4：

Reaction-diffusion systems / 3.4：

Propagating front 1 / 3.4.1：

Propagating front 2 / 3.4.2：

Unsteady flamelet equation / 3.4.3：

Final comments / 3.4.4：

Flows with Non-premixed Reactants / 3.5：

Moment methods / 4.1：

Neglecting the fluctuations: very slow chemistry / 4.2.1：

Eddy Dissipation Concept and derivatives / 4.2.2：

Second-order / 4.2.3：

Presumed joint pdf / 4.2.4：

Other / 4.2.5：

The well-stirred reactor / 4.3：

Conserved scalar methods / 4.4：

Mixture fraction / 4.4.1：

Qualitative structure of a laminar non-premixed flame / 4.4.2：

Fast chemistry / 4.4.3：

The pdf of the mixture fraction / 4.4.4：

Steady and transient flamelets / 4.4.5：

Conditional Moment Closure / 4.4.6：

Flame Surface Density / 4.4.7：

Transported pdf / 4.5：

Monte-Carlo method / 4.5.1：

Further developments / 4.5.3：

Concluding comments / 4.6：

Flows with Premixed Reactants / 4.7：

Laminar premixed flames / 5.1：

Background / 5.2.1：

Propagation / 5.2.2：

Laminar premixed flame structure / 5.2.3：

Estimation of laminar premixed flame thickness / 5.2.4：

Effects of mixture strength: flammability limits / 5.2.5：

Effects of pressure and temperature / 5.2.6：

Turbulent premixed flames / 5.3：

Turbulent burning velocity / 5.3.1：

Stretch, strain and curvature / 5.3.2：

Turbulent flame speed measurements / 5.3.3：

Turbulent flame speed correlations / 5.3.4：

Turbulent flame speed: a fractal approach / 5.3.5：

Dimensionless numbers for turbulent premixed flames / 5.3.6：

Regime diagrams / 5.3.7：

Turbulent premixed combustion modelling / 5.4：

Favre averaging / 5.4.1：

Turbulent transport in premixed flames / 5.4.2：

Eddy Break-Up Model for premixed flames / 5.4.3：

The laminar flamelet concept / 5.4.4：

Laminar flamelets in practice / 5.4.5：

Bray-Moss-Libby transport modelling / 5.4.6：

Bray-Moss-Libby reaction rate modelling / 5.4.7：

Flame surface density modelling / 5.4.8：

The G-equation formulation / 5.4.9：

Other models for turbulent premixed flames / 5.4.10：

Numerical Methods for Reacting Flows / 5.5：

Combustion CFD / 6.1：

Unsteady convection-diffusion-reaction equation / 6.2.1：

Spatial discretisation / 6.2.2：

Solution algorithms / 6.2.3：

RANS, LES and DNS / 6.2.4：

Numerical considerations for combustion problems / 6.2.5：

Numerical solvers for stiff differential equations / 6.3：

Forward Euler method / 6.3.1：

Timescales and stiffness / 6.3.3：

Properties of solvers / 6.3.4：

Solvers for chemical systems / 6.3.5：

Method of lines / 6.3.6：

Experimental Methods for Reacting Flows / 6.3.7：

General concepts / 7.1：

Uncertainties and measurement errors / 7.2.1：

Resolution and response / 7.2.2：

Filtering / 7.2.3：

Measurement techniques for reacting flows / 7.3：

Visualization / 7.3.1：

Intrusive techniques / 7.3.2：

Non-intrusive techniques / 7.3.3：

Epilogue / 7.4：

Index

Preface

Introduction / 1：

Motivation, aims and audience / 1.1：

38.

図書

38. Small worlds : the dynamics of networks between order and randomness (: pbk)

Duncan J. Watts

出版情報:	Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 2004, c1999 xv, 262 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	Princeton studies in complexity Princeton paperbacks
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Preface

Kevin Bacon, the Small World, and Why It All Matters / 1：

Structure / Part I：

An Overview of the Small-World Phenomenon / 2：

Social Networks and the Small World / 2.1：

A Brief History of the Small World / 2.1.1：

Difficulties with the Real World / 2.1.2：

Reframing the Question to Consider All Worlds / 2.1.3：

Background on the Theory of Graphs / 2.2：

Basic Definitions / 2.2.1：

Length and Length Scaling / 2.2.2：

Neighbourhoods and Distribution Sequences / 2.2.3：

Clustering / 2.2.4：

"Lattice Graphs" and Random Graphs / 2.2.5：

Dimension and Embedding of Graphs / 2.2.6：

Alternative Definition of Clustering Coefficient / 2.2.7：

Big Worlds and Small Worlds: Models of Graphs / 3：

Relational Graphs / 3.1：

[alpha]-Graphs / 3.1.1：

A Stripped-Down Model: [beta]-Graphs / 3.1.2：

Shortcuts and Contractions: Model Invariance / 3.1.3：

Lies, Damned Lies, and (More) Statistics / 3.1.4：

Spatial Graphs / 3.2：

Uniform Spatial Graphs / 3.2.1：

Gaussian Spatial Graphs / 3.2.2：

Main Points in Review / 3.3：

Explanations and Ruminations / 4：

Going to Extremes / 4.1：

The Connected-Caveman World / 4.1.1：

Moore Graphs as Approximate Random Graphs / 4.1.2：

Transitions in Relational Graphs / 4.2：

Local and Global Length Scales / 4.2.1：

Clustering Coefficient / 4.2.2：

Contractions / 4.2.4：

Results and Comparisons with [beta]-Model / 4.2.5：

Transitions in Spatial Graphs / 4.3：

Spatial Length versus Graph Length / 4.3.1：

Results and Comparisons / 4.3.2：

Variations on Spatial and Relational Graphs / 4.4：

"It's a Small World after All": Three Real Graphs / 4.5：

Making Bacon / 5.1：

Examining the Graph / 5.1.1：

Comparisons / 5.1.2：

The Power of Networks / 5.2：

Examining the System / 5.2.1：

A Worm's Eye View / 5.2.2：

Other Systems / 5.3.1：

Dynamics / 5.5：

The Spread of Infectious Disease in Structured Populations / 6：

A Brief Review of Disease Spreading / 6.1：

Analysis and Results / 6.2：

Introduction of the Problem / 6.2.1：

Permanent-Removal Dynamics / 6.2.2：

Temporary-Removal Dynamics / 6.2.3：

Global Computation in Cellular Automata / 6.3：

Background / 7.1：

Global Computation / 7.1.1：

Cellular Automata on Graphs / 7.2：

Density Classification / 7.2.1：

Synchronisation / 7.2.2：

Cooperation in a Small World: Games on Graphs / 7.3：

The Prisoner's Dilemma / 8.1：

Spatial Prisoner's Dilemma / 8.1.2：

N-Player Prisoner's Dilemma / 8.1.3：

Evolution of Strategies / 8.1.4：

Emergence of Cooperation in a Homogeneous Population / 8.2：

Generalised Tit-for-Tat / 8.2.1：

Win-Stay, Lose-Shift / 8.2.2：

Evolution of Cooperation in a Heterogeneous Population / 8.3：

Global Synchrony in Populations of Coupled Phase Oscillators / 8.4：

Kuramoto Oscillators on Graphs / 9.1：

Conclusions / 9.3：

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Preface

Kevin Bacon, the Small World, and Why It All Matters / 1：

Structure / Part I：

39.

図書

39. Coding theory : algorithms, architectures, and applications

André Neubauer, Jürgen Freudenberger, Volker Kühn

出版情報:	Chichester : Wiley, c2007 xi, 340 p. ; 26 cm
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Preface

Introduction / 1：

Communication Systems / 1.1：

Information Theory / 1.2：

Entropy / 1.2.1：

Channel Capacity / 1.2.2：

Binary Symmetric Channel / 1.2.3：

AWGN Channel / 1.2.4：

A Simple Channel Code / 1.3：

Algebraic Coding Theory / 2：

Fundamentals of Block Codes / 2.1：

Code Parameters / 2.1.1：

Maximum Likelihood Decoding / 2.1.2：

Error Detection and Error Correction / 2.1.3：

Linear Block Codes / 2.2：

Definition of Linear Block Codes / 2.2.1：

Generator Matrix / 2.2.2：

Parity-Check Matrix / 2.2.3：

Syndrome and Cosets / 2.2.4：

Dual Code / 2.2.5：

Bounds for Linear Block Codes / 2.2.6：

Code Constructions / 2.2.7：

Examples of Linear Block Codes / 2.2.8：

Cyclic Codes / 2.3：

Definition of Cyclic Codes / 2.3.1：

Generator Polynomial / 2.3.2：

Parity-Check Polynomial / 2.3.3：

Dual Codes / 2.3.4：

Linear Feedback Shift Registers / 2.3.5：

BCH Codes / 2.3.6：

Reed-Solomon Codes / 2.3.7：

Algebraic Decoding Algorithm / 2.3.8：

Summary / 2.4：

Convolutional Codes / 3：

Encoding of Convolutional Codes / 3.1：

Convolutional Encoder / 3.1.1：

Generator Matrix in the Time Domain / 3.1.2：

State Diagram of a Convolutional Encoder / 3.1.3：

Code Termination / 3.1.4：

Puncturing / 3.1.5：

Generator Matrix in the D-Domain / 3.1.6：

Encoder Properties / 3.1.7：

Trellis Diagram and the Viterbi Algorithm / 3.2：

Minimum Distance Decoding / 3.2.1：

Trellises / 3.2.2：

Viterbi Algorithm / 3.2.3：

Distance Properties and Error Bounds / 3.3：

Free Distance / 3.3.1：

Active Distances / 3.3.2：

Weight Enumerators for Terminated Codes / 3.3.3：

Path Enumerators / 3.3.4：

Pairwise Error Probability / 3.3.5：

Viterbi Bound / 3.3.6：

Soft-input Decoding / 3.4：

Euclidean Metric / 3.4.1：

Support of Punctured Codes / 3.4.2：

Implementation Issues / 3.4.3：

Soft-output Decoding / 3.5：

Derivation of APP Decoding / 3.5.1：

APP Decoding in the Log Domain / 3.5.2：

Convolutional Coding in Mobile Communications / 3.6：

Coding of Speech Data / 3.6.1：

Hybrid ARQ / 3.6.2：

EGPRS Modulation and Coding / 3.6.3：

Retransmission Mechanism / 3.6.4：

Link Adaptation / 3.6.5：

Incremental Redundancy / 3.6.6：

Turbo Codes / 3.7：

LDPC Codes / 4.1：

Codes Based on Sparse Graphs / 4.1.1：

Decoding for the Binary Erasure Channel / 4.1.2：

Log-Likelihood Algebra / 4.1.3：

Belief Propagation / 4.1.4：

A First Encounter with Code Concatenation / 4.2：

Product Codes / 4.2.1：

Iterative Decoding of Product Codes / 4.2.2：

Concatenated Convolutional Codes / 4.3：

Parallel Concatenation / 4.3.1：

The UMTS Turbo Code / 4.3.2：

Serial Concatenation / 4.3.3：

Partial Concatenation / 4.3.4：

Turbo Decoding / 4.3.5：

EXIT Charts / 4.4：

Calculating an EXIT Chart / 4.4.1：

Interpretation / 4.4.2：

Weight Distribution / 4.5：

Partial Weights / 4.5.1：

Expected Weight Distribution / 4.5.2：

Woven Convolutional Codes / 4.6：

Encoding Schemes / 4.6.1：

Distance Properties of Woven Codes / 4.6.2：

Woven Turbo Codes / 4.6.3：

Interleaver Design / 4.6.4：

Space-Time Codes / 4.7：

Digital Modulation Schemes / 5.1：

Diversity / 5.1.2：

Spatial Channels / 5.2：

Basic Description / 5.2.1：

Spatial Channel Models / 5.2.2：

Channel Estimation / 5.2.3：

Performance Measures / 5.3：

Outage Probability and Outage Capacity / 5.3.1：

Ergodic Error Probability / 5.3.3：

Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes / 5.4：

Alamouti's Scheme / 5.4.1：

Extension to More than Two Transmit Antennas / 5.4.2：

Simulation Results / 5.4.3：

Spatial Multiplexing / 5.5：

General Concept / 5.5.1：

Iterative APP Preprocessing and Per-layer Decoding / 5.5.2：

Linear Multilayer Detection / 5.5.3：

Original BLAST Detection / 5.5.4：

QL Decomposition and Interference Cancellation / 5.5.5：

Performance of Multi-Layer Detection Schemes / 5.5.6：

Unified Description by Linear Dispersion Codes / 5.5.7：

Algebraic Structures / 5.6：

Groups, Rings and Finite Fields / A.1：

Groups / A.1.1：

Rings / A.1.2：

Finite Fields / A.1.3：

Vector Spaces / A.2：

Polynomials and Extension Fields / A.3：

Discrete Fourier Transform / A.4：

Linear Algebra / B：

Acronyms / C：

Bibliography

Index

Preface

Introduction / 1：

Communication Systems / 1.1：

40.

図書

40. Environmental justice analysis : theories, methods, and practice

Feng Liu

出版情報:	Boca Raton, Fla. : Lewis, c2001 367 p. ; 24 cm
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Environmental Justice, Equity, and Policies / Chapter 1：

The Environmental Justice Movement / 1.1：

Environmental Justice Policies / 1.2：

Environmental Justice Analysis / 1.3：

The Debate on Terminology / 1.4：

Overview of this Book / 1.5：

Theories and Hypotheses / Chapter 2：

Theories of Justice and Equity / 2.1：

Utilitarianism / 2.1.1：

Contractarianism and Egalitarianism / 2.1.2：

Libertarianism / 2.1.3：

Which Theory? / 2.1.4：

Economic Theory and Location Theory / 2.2：

Externality and Public Goods / 2.2.1：

Welfare Economics / 2.2.2：

Residential Location Theory / 2.2.3：

Industrial Location Theory / 2.2.4：

Theories of Risk / 2.3：

Psychometric Theory / 2.3.1：

Expected Utility Theory / 2.3.2：

Cultural Theory / 2.3.3：

Sociological Theory / 2.3.4：

Theories of Neighborhood Change / 2.4：

Classical Invasion-Succession Model / 2.4.1：

Neighborhood Life-Cycle Model / 2.4.2：

Push-Pull Model / 2.4.3：

Institutional Theory of Neighborhood Change / 2.4.4：

Summary / 2.5：

Methodology and Analytical Framework for Environmental Justice and Equity Analysis / Chapter 3：

Inquiry and Environmental Justice Analysis / 3.1：

Positivism and Participatory Research / 3.1.1：

Scientific Reasoning / 3.1.2：

Validity / 3.1.3：

Causality / 3.1.4：

Methodological Issues in Environmental Justice Research / 3.2：

Integrated Analytical Framework / 3.3：

Measuring Environmental and Human Impacts / Chapter 4：

Environmental and Human Impacts: Concepts and Processes / 4.1：

Modeling and Simulating Environmental Risks / 4.2：

Modeling Exposure / 4.2.1：

Emission Models / 4.2.1.1：

Dispersion Models / 4.2.1.2：

Time-Activity Patterns and Exposure Models / 4.2.1.3：

Modeling Dose-Response / 4.2.2：

Measuring and Modeling Economic Impacts / 4.3：

Contingent Valuation Method / 4.3.1：

Hedonic Price Method / 4.3.2：

Measuring Environmental and Human Impacts for Environmental Justice Analysis / 4.4：

Critique and Response of a Risk-Based Approach to Equity Analysis / 4.5：

Quantifying and Projecting Population Distribution / 4.6：

Census / 5.1：

Population Measurements: Who Is Disadvantaged? / 5.2：

Race and Ethnicity / 5.2.1：

Income / 5.2.2：

Highly Susceptible of Exposed Subpopulations / 5.2.3：

Age / 5.2.4：

Housing / 5.2.5：

Education / 5.2.6：

Population Distribution / 5.3：

Population Projection and Forecast / 5.4：

Methods / 5.4.1：

Choosing the Right Method / 5.4.2：

Defining Units of Analysis / 5.5：

The Debate on Choice of Unit of Analysis / 6.1：

Census Geography: Concepts, Criteria, and Hierarchy / 6.2：

Basic Hierarchy: Standard Geographic Units / 6.2.1：

Non-Standard Geographic Units / 6.2.2：

Census Geography as a Unit of Equity Analysis: Consistency, Comparability, and Availability / 6.3：

Hierarchical Relationship and Geographic Boundary / 6.3.1：

Boundary Comparability over Time / 6.3.2：

Data Availability and Comparability over Time / 6.3.3：

Census Geography as a Unit of Equity Analysis: Which One? / 6.4：

Alternative Units of Analysis / 6.5：

Based on the Boundary of Environmental Impacts / 6.5.1：

Based on the Boundary of Sociological Neighborhood / 6.5.2：

Based on the Boundary of Economic Impacts / 6.5.3：

Based on the Administrative/Political Boundary or Judicial Opinions / 6.5.4：

Analyzing Data with Statistical Methods / 6.6：

Descriptive Statistics / 7.1：

Inferential Statistics / 7.2：

Correlation and Regression / 7.3：

Probability and Discrete Choice Models / 7.4：

Spatial Statistics / 7.5：

Applications of Statistical Methods in Environmental Justice Studies / 7.6：

Integrating, Analyzing, and Mapping Data with GIS / Chapter 8：

Spatial Measures and Concepts / 8.1：

Spatial Data / 8.1.1：

Spatial Data Structure / 8.1.2：

Distance / 8.1.3：

Centroid / 8.1.4：

Spatial Interpolation / 8.2：

Point Interpolation / 8.2.1：

Areal Interpolation / 8.2.2：

GIS-Based Units of Analysis for Equity Analysis / 8.3：

Adjacency Analysis / 8.3.1：

Buffer Analysis / 8.3.2：

Overlay and Suitability Analysis / 8.4：

GIS-Based Operationalization of Equity Criteria / 8.5：

Integrating GIS and Urban and Environmental Models / 8.6：

Modeling Urban Systems / Chapter 9：

Gravity Models, Spatial Interaction, and Entropy Maximization / 9.1：

Deterministic Utility, Random Utility, and Discrete Choice / 9.2：

Deterministic Utility and Optimization / 9.2.1：

Random Utility Theory and Discrete Choice / 9.2.2：

Policy Evaluation Measures / 9.3：

Operational Models / 9.4：

Integrating Urban and Environmental Models for Environmental Justice Analysis / 9.5：

Equity Analysis of Air Pollution / Chapter 10：

Air Quality / 10.1：

Relationship between Air Quality and Population Distribution: Theories, Methods, and Evidence / 10.2：

Theories / 10.2.1：

Residential Location Theory and Spatial Interaction / 10.2.1.1：

Risk Perception and Human Response to Air Quality / 10.2.1.2：

Theories of Neighborhood Changes / 10.2.1.3：

Evidence / 10.2.2：

Spatial Interaction Modeling Approach to Testing Environmental Inequity / 10.3：

Problem Definition / 10.3.1：

Hypothesis / 10.3.2：

Methods: Spatial Interaction Modeling Using DRAM / 10.3.3：

Index Construction and Data Preparation / 10.3.4：

Model Estimation / 10.3.5：

Results / 10.3.6：

Los Angeles / 10.3.6.1：

Houston / 10.3.6.2：

Discussions and Conclusions / 10.3.7：

Equity Analysis of National Ambient Air Quality Standards / 10.4：

Results and Discussion / 10.4.1：

Nonattainment Areas as a Whole / 10.4.3.1：

Spatial Distribution and Regional Differences / 10.4.3.2：

City vs. Non-City Nonattainment Areas / 10.4.3.3：

Major Findings / 10.4.3.4：

Implications for Environmental Policy / 10.4.3.5：

Environmental Justice Analysis of Hazardous Waste Facilities, Superfund Sites, and Toxic Release Facilities / Chapter 11：

Equity Analysis of Hazardous Waste Facilities / 11.1：

Hazardous Wastes / 11.1.1：

Cross-Sectional National Studies / 11.1.2：

Regional Studies / 11.1.2.2：

Methodological Issues / 11.1.3：

Equity Analysis of CERCLIS and Superfund Sites / 11.2：

CERCLIS and Superfund Sites / 11.2.1：

Hypotheses and Empirical Evidence / 11.2.2：

Equity Analysis of Toxic Release Facilities / 11.2.3：

Toxic Releases Inventory / 11.3.1：

National Studies and Evidence / 11.3.2：

Regional Studies and Methodological Improvements / 11.3.3：

Dynamics Analysis of Locally Unwanted Land Uses / 11.3.4：

Methodological Issues in Dynamics Analysis / 12.1：

Framework for Dynamics Analysis / 12.2：

Revisiting the Houston Case: Hypothesis Testing / 12.3：

Data / 12.3.1：

Tests / 12.3.2：

Discussion of Alternative Hypotheses / 12.3.3：

Invasion-Succession Hypothesis / 12.4.1：

Life-Cycle Hypothesis / 12.4.2：

Push Forces: Other Environmental Risks / 12.4.3：

Conclusions / 12.5：

Equity Analysis of Transportation Systems, Projects, Plans, and Policies / Chapter 13：

Environmental Impacts of Transportation Systems / 13.1：

Incorporating Equity Analysis in the Transportation Planning Process / 13.2：

Transportation System Performance Measures / 13.3：

Equity Analysis of Mobility and Accessibility / 13.4：

Concepts and Methods / 13.4.1：

Using Accessibility for Equity Analysis / 13.4.2：

Empirical Evidence about Mobility Disparity / 13.4.3：

Accessibility Disparity and Spatial Mismatch / 13.4.4：

Measuring Distributional Impacts on Property Values / 13.5：

Measuring Environmental Impacts / 13.6：

Equity Analysis of Transportation Policies / 13.7：

Environmental Justice of Transportation in Court / 13.8：

Trends and Conclusions / 13.9：

Internet-Based and Community-Based Tools / 14.1：

EPA's Environfacts / 14.1.1：

LandView III / 14.1.2：

Environmental Defense's Scorecard (http://www.scorecard.org/) / 14.1.3：

References / 14.2：

Index

Environmental Justice, Equity, and Policies / Chapter 1：

The Environmental Justice Movement / 1.1：

Environmental Justice Policies / 1.2：

41.

図書

41. Combinatorics and graph theory. 2nd ed

John M. Harris, Jeffry L. Hirst, Michael J. Mossinghoff

出版情報:	New York, NY : Springer, c2008 xv, 381 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名:	Undergraduate texts in mathematics
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Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Graph Theory / 1：

Introductory Concepts / 1.1：

Graphs and Their Relatives / 1.1.1：

The Basics / 1.1.2：

Special Types of Graphs / 1.1.3：

Distance in Graphs / 1.2：

Definitions and a Few Properties / 1.2.1：

Graphs and Matrices / 1.2.2：

Graph Models and Distance / 1.2.3：

Trees / 1.3：

Definitions and Examples / 1.3.1：

Properties of Trees / 1.3.2：

Spanning Trees / 1.3.3：

Counting Trees / 1.3.4：

Trails, Circuits, Paths, and Cycles / 1.4：

The Bridges of Konigsberg / 1.4.1：

Eulerian Trails and Circuits / 1.4.2：

Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles / 1.4.3：

Three Open Problems / 1.4.4：

Planarity / 1.5：

Euler's Formula and Beyond / 1.5.1：

Regular Polyhedra / 1.5.3：

Kuratowski's Theorem / 1.5.4：

Colorings / 1.6：

Definitions / 1.6.1：

Bounds on Chromatic Number / 1.6.2：

The Four Color Problem / 1.6.3：

Chromatic Polynomials / 1.6.4：

Matchings / 1.7：

Hall's Theorem and SDRs / 1.7.1：

The Konig-Egervary Theorem / 1.7.3：

Perfect Matchings / 1.7.4：

Ramsey Theory / 1.8：

Classical Ramsey Numbers / 1.8.1：

Exact Ramsey Numbers and Bounds / 1.8.2：

Graph Ramsey Theory / 1.8.3：

References / 1.9：

Combinatorics / 2：

Some Essential Problems / 2.1：

Binomial Coefficients / 2.2：

Multinomial Coefficients / 2.3：

The Pigeonhole Principle / 2.4：

The Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion / 2.5：

Generating Functions / 2.6：

Double Decks / 2.6.1：

Counting with Repetition / 2.6.2：

Changing Money / 2.6.3：

Fibonacci Numbers / 2.6.4：

Recurrence Relations / 2.6.5：

Catalan Numbers / 2.6.6：

Polya's Theory of Counting / 2.7：

Permutation Groups / 2.7.1：

Burnside's Lemma / 2.7.2：

The Cycle Index / 2.7.3：

Polya's Enumeration Formula / 2.7.4：

de Bruijn's Generalization / 2.7.5：

More Numbers / 2.8：

Partitions / 2.8.1：

Stirling Cycle Numbers / 2.8.2：

Stirling Set Numbers / 2.8.3：

Bell Numbers / 2.8.4：

Eulerian Numbers / 2.8.5：

Stable Marriage / 2.9：

The Gale-Shapley Algorithm / 2.9.1：

Variations on Stable Marriage / 2.9.2：

Combinatorial Geometry / 2.10：

Sylvester's Problem / 2.10.1：

Convex Polygons / 2.10.2：

Infinite Combinatorics and Graphs / 2.11：

Pigeons and Trees / 3.1：

Ramsey Revisited / 3.2：

ZFC / 3.3：

Language and Logical Axioms / 3.3.1：

Proper Axioms / 3.3.2：

Axiom of Choice / 3.3.3：

The Return of der Konig / 3.4：

Ordinals, Cardinals, and Many Pigeons / 3.5：

Cardinality / 3.5.1：

Ordinals and Cardinals / 3.5.2：

Pigeons Finished Off / 3.5.3：

Incompleteness and Cardinals / 3.6：

Godel's Theorems for PA and ZFC / 3.6.1：

Inaccessible Cardinals / 3.6.2：

A Small Collage of Large Cardinals / 3.6.3：

Weakly Compact Cardinals / 3.7：

Infinite Marriage Problems / 3.8：

Hall and Hall / 3.8.1：

Countably Many Men / 3.8.2：

Uncountably Many Men / 3.8.3：

Espousable Cardinals / 3.8.4：

Finite Combinatorics with Infinite Consequences / 3.8.5：

k-critical Linear Orderings / 3.10：

Points of Departure / 3.11：

Index / 3.12：

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Graph Theory / 1：

42.

図書

42. E-commerce systems architecture and applications

Wasim E. Rajput

出版情報:	Boston : Artech House, c2000 xix, 422 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	The Artech House telecommunication library
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Preface

E-Commerce-Enabled Business Paradigm / 1：

E-Commerce Business Drivers / 1.1：

E-Commerce Value Propositions / 1.2：

Customer-Oriented Propositions / 1.2.1：

Organizational Efficiencies / 1.2.2：

Revenue Generation / 1.2.3：

E-Commerce-Driven IT Strategy Realignment / 1.3：

Formulating E-Commerce System Requirements / 1.3.1：

Instituting IT Processes / 1.3.2：

Operational Infrastructure / 1.3.3：

Intraorganization IT and Business Alignment / 1.3.4：

Formulating a Technology Architecture / 1.3.5：

Intelligently Embracing the E-Commerce Glut / 1.3.6：

Characteristics of E-Commerce Systems / 1.4：

Functional Characteristics / 1.4.1：

Infrastructural Characteristics / 1.4.2：

E-Commerce Business Domains and Respective E-Commerce Systems Requirements / 1.5：

Business-to-Consumer Application Domain / 1.5.1：

Intraenterprise Application Domain / 1.5.2：

Business-to-Business Application Domain / 1.5.3：

E-Commerce Technology Architecture / 1.6：

Information Appliances / 2：

Overview and Background / 2.1：

Services Provided by Information Appliances / 2.1.1：

Enabling Characteristics of Information Appliances / 2.2：

E-Commerce Content / 2.3：

Understanding Content / 2.3.1：

Content Handlers / 2.3.2：

Content Technologies / 2.3.3：

Choice of Information Appliances / 2.4：

Wireless Telephones / 2.4.1：

Pagers / 2.4.2：

PCs/Workstations / 2.4.3：

Handheld PCs (HPCs) / 2.4.4：

Set-Top Boxes/Internet Receivers / 2.4.5：

Network Computers / 2.4.6：

AutoPC / 2.4.7：

Information Appliance System Software and Technologies / 2.5：

Operating Systems and Environments / 2.5.1：

Information Appliance Connectivity Technologies / 2.5.2：

Matching Information Appliance Features With Business Process Requirements / 2.6：

Requirements Analysis / 2.6.1：

Business Process Considerations / 2.6.2：

Technology Infrastructure Considerations / 2.6.3：

E-Commerce Systems Computing Networks / 3：

Network Computing Technologies / 3.1：

Wireline Technologies / 3.1.1：

Wireless Technologies / 3.1.2：

Internet Backbone / 3.2：

Internet Network Topology / 3.2.1：

Internet Network Services / 3.2.2：

Wireless Network Backbones / 3.3：

Wireless Topology / 3.3.1：

Wireless Network Services / 3.3.2：

Paging Network Backbone / 3.4：

Paging Network Topology / 3.4.1：

Paging Network Services / 3.4.2：

Integrated Network Services / 3.5：

Sprint's Integrated On-Demand Network (ION) / 3.5.1：

Wireless Knowledge Services / 3.5.2：

Formulating the Enterprise Virtual Network Architecture / 3.6：

E-Commerce Systems' Network Requirements Assessment / 3.6.1：

NSP/ISP Selection Criteria / 3.6.2：

E-Commerce Services and Application Repositories / 4：

Application Access Gateways / 4.1：

Web Servers / 4.1.1：

Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Gateways / 4.1.2：

Internet Telephony Gateways / 4.1.3：

Wireless Gateways for Web Access / 4.1.4：

E-Mail Gateways / 4.1.5：

Webcasting / 4.1.6：

E-Commerce Solutions / 4.2：

E-Commerce Applications / 4.2.1：

E-Commerce Business Standards / 4.2.2：

Enabling ERP Systems and Legacy Applications for E-Commerce / 4.3：

Web-Enabling Backend Systems / 4.3.1：

Enabling Backend Systems for Nonbrowser-Based Access / 4.3.2：

Knowledge Repositories / 4.4：

Identification of Knowledge and Content Sources / 4.4.1：

Knowledge Capture / 4.4.2：

Knowledge Organization and Access / 4.4.3：

Using Search Engines for Knowledge Retrieval / 4.4.4：

Live Agent Services / 4.5：

Enabling Call Centers for Various Electronic Channels / 4.5.1：

Establish Call Routing Infrastructure / 4.5.2：

Empowering Service Representatives With Appropriate Tools and Information / 4.5.3：

Establishing E-Commerce Application Access Infrastructure / 5：

Extranets / 5.1：

Classification of Extranets / 5.1.1：

Development and Deployment of Extranets / 5.1.2：

Applications Access Through Portals / 5.2：

Classification of Portals / 5.2.1：

Development of Portals / 5.2.2：

E-Commerce Systems Operational Management and Control / 5.3：

Network and Systems Management Issues / 5.3.1：

Standards and Technologies / 5.3.2：

Formulating an E-Commerce Operational Management Strategy / 5.3.3：

E-Commerce Hosting / 5.4：

E-Commerce Systems Technology Infrastructure / 6：

E-Commerce Systems Middleware / 6.1：

Middleware Frameworks / 6.1.1：

Transaction Processing Middleware / 6.1.2：

Communication Middleware / 6.1.3：

Database Middleware / 6.1.4：

Application Middleware / 6.1.5：

Directory Services: Glue for E-Commerce Systems / 6.2：

Centralization of Directory Services Through Metadirectories / 6.2.1：

Directory Services Requirements for E-Commerce Systems / 6.2.2：

Popular Directory Services / 6.2.3：

Internet Domain Name Service (DNS) / 6.3：

DNS Structure / 6.3.1：

History of DNS Operations and Organization Control / 6.3.2：

Future Directions for DNS Operations / 6.3.3：

Enabling Groupware for E-Commerce and the Internet / 6.4：

Group Communications / 6.4.1：

Group Information Sharing and Collaboration / 6.4.2：

Workflow / 6.4.3：

E-Commerce Application Development Standards / 6.5：

Java Servlets / 6.5.1：

Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) / 6.5.2：

Active Server Pages (ASP) / 6.5.3：

Java Server Pages (JSP) / 6.5.4：

The E-Commerce Payment Infrastructure / 7：

Federal Reserve System / 7.1：

Automated Clearing House (ACH) / 7.1.1：

Fedwire / 7.1.2：

Credit Card Payments / 7.2：

Credit Card Process Flow / 7.2.1：

Secure Socket Layer (SSL)-Based Internet Payments / 7.2.2：

Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)-Based Internet Payments / 7.2.3：

Electronic Cash / 7.3：

Mondex / 7.3.1：

VISA Cash / 7.3.2：

Electronic Check Processing and ATM-Based Banking / 7.4：

Check Processing Flow / 7.4.1：

FSTC Electronic Check / 7.4.2：

ATMs / 7.4.3：

Payment Models / 7.5：

Electronic Wallets / 7.5.1：

Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) / 7.5.2：

E-Commerce Systems Security / 8：

Security Services and Technologies / 8.1：

Confidentiality / 8.1.1：

Access Control / 8.1.2：

Integrity / 8.1.3：

Availability / 8.1.4：

Nonrepudiation / 8.1.5：

Network Security / 8.2：

Network Security Technologies / 8.2.1：

Security for Various Network Topologies / 8.2.2：

Platform Security / 8.3：

Establishing Controls for Platform Access / 8.3.1：

Proper Configuration of the Computing Platform / 8.3.2：

Protecting the Integrity of Platform Applications and Data / 8.3.3：

The Certificate Authority (CA) Infrastructure / 8.4：

Public CA Services / 8.4.1：

Registration Authorities (RAs) / 8.4.2：

Building Internal PKI Services / 8.4.3：

E-Commerce Systems Security--Cost and Risk Assessment / 8.5：

Information Security-Related Costs / 8.5.1：

Information Security Risk Assessment / 8.5.2：

E-Commerce Systems Security Controls Enforcement / 8.6：

Formulating an Enterprise's Information Security Policy / 8.6.1：

Controlling Software Processes / 8.6.2：

Formulating Security Administration Processes / 8.6.3：

Managing E-Commerce Systems Implementation Risks / 9：

Business Process Alignment / 9.1：

E-Commerce-Relevant Organizational Policies / 9.1.1：

Measuring Business Performance / 9.1.2：

IT Process Alignment / 9.2：

E-Commerce Project Management / 9.2.1：

Software Product Engineering / 9.2.2：

Intergroup Coordination / 9.2.3：

Capturing and Retaining Customers / 9.3：

Internet Advertising / 9.3.1：

Customer Retention / 9.3.2：

Using SLAs to Manage Outsourced Services / 9.4：

ISP/NSP/Data Center SLAs / 9.4.1：

Software Development SLAs / 9.4.2：

Understanding E-Commerce Legal and Regulatory Issues / 9.5：

E-Commerce Privacy Issues / 9.5.1：

E-Commerce Piracy Issues / 9.5.2：

Index

Preface

E-Commerce-Enabled Business Paradigm / 1：

E-Commerce Business Drivers / 1.1：

43.

図書

43. Physics and chemistry of interfaces. 2nd, rev. and enl. ed

Hans Jürgen Butt, Karlheinz Graf, and Michael Kappl

出版情報:	Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2006 xii, 386 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名:	Physics textbook
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Preface

Introduction / 1：

Liquid surfaces / 2：

Microscopic picture of the liquid surface / 2.1：

Surface tension / 2.2：

Equation of Young and Laplace / 2.3：

Curved liquid surfaces / 2.3.1：

Derivation of the Young-Laplace equation / 2.3.2：

Applying the Young-Laplace equation / 2.3.3：

Techniques to measure the surface tension / 2.4：

The Kelvin equation / 2.5：

Capillary condensation / 2.6：

Nucleation theory / 2.7：

Summary / 2.8：

Exercises / 2.9：

Thermodynamics of interfaces / 3：

The surface excess / 3.1：

Fundamental thermodynamic relations / 3.2：

Internal energy and Helmholtz energy / 3.2.1：

Equilibrium conditions / 3.2.2：

Location of the interface / 3.2.3：

Gibbs energy and definition of the surface tension / 3.2.4：

Helmholtz surface energy, interfacial enthalpy, and Gibbs surface energy / 3.2.5：

The surface tension of pure liquids / 3.3：

Gibbs adsorption isotherm / 3.4：

Derivation / 3.4.1：

System of two components / 3.4.2：

Experimental aspects / 3.4.3：

The Marangoni effect / 3.4.4：

The electric double layer / 3.5：

Poisson-Boltzmann theory of the diffuse double layer / 4.1：

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation / 4.2.1：

Planar surfaces / 4.2.2：

The full one-dimensional case / 4.2.3：

The Grahame equation / 4.2.4：

Capacity of the diffuse electric double layer / 4.2.5：

Beyond Poisson-Boltzmann theory / 4.3：

Limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory / 4.3.1：

The Stern layer / 4.3.2：

The Gibbs free energy of the electric double layer / 4.4：

Effects at charged interfaces / 4.5：

Electrocapillarity / 5.1：

Theory / 5.1.1：

Measurement of electrocapillarity / 5.1.2：

Examples of charged surfaces / 5.2：

Mercury / 5.2.1：

Silver iodide / 5.2.2：

Oxides / 5.2.3：

Mica / 5.2.4：

Semiconductors / 5.2.5：

Measuring surface charge densities / 5.3：

Potentiometric colloid titration / 5.3.1：

Capacitances / 5.3.2：

Electrokinetic phenomena: The zeta potential / 5.4：

The Navier-Stokes equation / 5.4.1：

Electro-osmosis and streaming potential / 5.4.2：

Electrophoresis and sedimentation potential / 5.4.3：

Types of potentials / 5.5：

Surface forces / 5.6：

Van der Waals forces between molecules / 6.1：

The van der Waals force between macroscopic solids / 6.2：

Microscopic approach / 6.2.1：

Macroscopic calculation - Lifshitz theory / 6.2.2：

Surface energy and Hamaker constant / 6.2.3：

Concepts for the description of surface forces / 6.3：

The Derjaguin approximation / 6.3.1：

The disjoining pressure / 6.3.2：

Measurement of surface forces / 6.4：

The electrostatic double-layer force / 6.5：

General equations / 6.5.1：

Electrostatic interaction between two identical surfaces / 6.5.2：

The DLVO theory / 6.5.3：

Beyond DLVO theory / 6.6：

The solvation force and confined liquids / 6.6.1：

Non DLVO forces in an aqueous medium / 6.6.2：

Steric and depletion interaction / 6.7：

Properties of polymers / 6.7.1：

Force between polymer coated surfaces / 6.7.2：

Depletion forces / 6.7.3：

Spherical particles in contact / 6.8：

Contact angle phenomena and wetting / 6.9：

Young's equation / 7.1：

The contact angle / 7.1.1：

The line tension / 7.1.2：

Complete wetting and wetting transitions / 7.1.4：

Important wetting geometries / 7.2：

Capillary rise / 7.2.1：

Particles in the liquid-gas interface / 7.2.2：

Network of fibers / 7.2.3：

Measurement of the contact angle / 7.3：

Experimental methods / 7.3.1：

Hysteresis in contact angle measurements / 7.3.2：

Surface roughness and heterogeneity / 7.3.3：

Theoretical aspects of contact angle phenomena / 7.4：

Dynamics of wetting and dewetting / 7.5：

Wetting / 7.5.1：

Dewetting / 7.5.2：

Applications / 7.6：

Flotation / 7.6.1：

Detergency / 7.6.2：

Microfluidics / 7.6.3：

Adjustable wetting / 7.6.4：

Solid surfaces / 7.7：

Description of crystalline surfaces / 8.1：

The substrate structure / 8.2.1：

Surface relaxation and reconstruction / 8.2.2：

Description of adsorbate structures / 8.2.3：

Preparation of clean surfaces / 8.3：

Thermodynamics of solid surfaces / 8.4：

Surface stress and surface tension / 8.4.1：

Determination of the surface energy / 8.4.2：

Surface steps and defects / 8.4.3：

Solid-solid interfaces / 8.5：

Microscopy of solid surfaces / 8.6：

Optical microscopy / 8.6.1：

Electron microscopy / 8.6.2：

Scanning probe microscopy / 8.6.3：

Diffraction methods / 8.7：

Diffraction patterns of two-dimensional periodic structures / 8.7.1：

Diffraction with electrons, X-rays, and atoms / 8.7.2：

Spectroscopic methods / 8.8：

Spectroscopy using mainly inner electrons / 8.8.1：

Spectroscopy with outer electrons / 8.8.2：

Secondary ion mass spectrometry / 8.8.3：

Adsorption / 8.9：

Definitions / 9.1：

The adsorption time / 9.1.2：

Classification of adsorption isotherms / 9.1.3：

Presentation of adsorption isotherms / 9.1.4：

Thermodynamics of adsorption / 9.2：

Heats of adsorption / 9.2.1：

Differential quantities of adsorption and experimental results / 9.2.2：

Adsorption models / 9.3：

The Langmuir adsorption isotherm / 9.3.1：

The Langmuir constant and the Gibbs energy of adsorption / 9.3.2：

Langmuir adsorption with lateral interactions / 9.3.3：

The BET adsorption isotherm / 9.3.4：

Adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces / 9.3.5：

The potential theory of Polanyi / 9.3.6：

Experimental aspects of adsorption from the gas phase / 9.4：

Measurement of adsorption isotherms / 9.4.1：

Procedures to measure the specific surface area / 9.4.2：

Adsorption on porous solids - hysteresis / 9.4.3：

Special aspects of chemisorption / 9.4.4：

Adsorption from solution / 9.5：

Surface modification / 9.6：

Chemical vapor deposition / 10.1：

Soft matter deposition / 10.3：

Self-assembled monolayers / 10.3.1：

Physisorption of Polymers / 10.3.2：

Polymerization on surfaces / 10.3.3：

Plasma polymerization / 10.3.4：

Etching techniques / 10.4：

Lithography / 10.5：

Friction, lubrication, and wear / 10.6：

Friction / 11.1：

Amontons' and Coulomb's Law / 11.1.1：

Static, kinetic, and stick-slip friction / 11.1.3：

Rolling friction / 11.1.4：

Friction and adhesion / 11.1.5：

Experimental Aspects / 11.1.6：

Techniques to measure friction / 11.1.7：

Macroscopic friction / 11.1.8：

Microscopic friction / 11.1.9：

Lubrication / 11.2：

Hydrodynamic lubrication / 11.2.1：

Boundary lubrication / 11.2.2：

Thin film lubrication / 11.2.3：

Lubricants / 11.2.4：

Wear / 11.3：

Surfactants, micelles, emulsions, and foams / 11.4：

Surfactants / 12.1：

Spherical micelles, cylinders, and bilayers / 12.2：

The critical micelle concentration / 12.2.1：

Influence of temperature / 12.2.2：

Thermodynamics of micellization / 12.2.3：

Structure of surfactant aggregates / 12.2.4：

Biological membranes / 12.2.5：

Macroemulsions / 12.3：

General properties / 12.3.1：

Formation / 12.3.2：

Stabilization / 12.3.3：

Evolution and aging / 12.3.4：

Coalescence and demulsification / 12.3.5：

Microemulsions / 12.4：

Size of droplets / 12.4.1：

Elastic properties of surfactant films / 12.4.2：

Factors influencing the structure of microemulsions / 12.4.3：

Foams / 12.5：

Classification, application and formation / 12.5.1：

Structure of foams / 12.5.2：

Soap films / 12.5.3：

Evolution of foams / 12.5.4：

Thin films on surfaces of liquids / 12.6：

Phases of monomolecular films / 13.1：

Experimental techniques to study monolayers / 13.3：

Optical methods / 13.3.1：

X-ray reflection and diffraction / 13.3.2：

The surface potential / 13.3.3：

Surface elasticity and viscosity / 13.3.4：

Langmuir-Blodgett transfer / 13.4：

Thick films - spreading of one liquid on another / 13.5：

Solutions to exercises / 13.6：

Appendix

Analysis of diffraction patterns / A：

Diffraction at three dimensional crystals / A.1：

Bragg condition / A.1.1：

Laue condition / A.1.2：

The reciprocal lattice / A.1.3：

Ewald construction / A.1.4：

Diffraction at Surfaces / A.2：

Intensity of diffraction peaks / A.3：

Symbols and abbreviations / B：

Bibliography

Index

Preface

Introduction / 1：

Liquid surfaces / 2：

44.

図書

44. Programming language design concepts (: pbk)

David A. Watt ; with contributions by William Findlay

出版情報:	Chichester : John Wiley & Sons, c2004 xviii, 473 p. ; 24 cm
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Preface

Introduction / Part I：

Programming languages / 1：

Programming linguistics / 1.1：

Concepts and paradigms / 1.1.1：

Syntax, semantics, and pragmatics / 1.1.2：

Language processors / 1.1.3：

Historical development / 1.2：

Summary

絞り込み条件: