1.
EB
Mike Allerhand
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction to R / 1:
Why Command Lines and Scripts? / 1.1:
The R Console / 1.1.1:
Variables / 1.1.2:
Functions / 1.1.3:
Finding Functions and Getting Help / 1.2:
Libraries / 1.2.1:
Packages / 1.2.2:
Finding Functions / 1.2.3:
Getting Help / 1.2.4:
R Projects / 1.3:
Saving Your Session / 1.3.1:
Scripts / 1.3.2:
Data Structures / 2:
Vectors, Matrices, and Arrays / 2.1:
Data Frames and Lists / 2.1.2:
Creating Data / 2.1.3:
Sampling Data / 2.1.4:
Reading Data / 2.1.5:
Operations on Vectors and Matrices / 2.2:
Arithmetic Functions / 2.2.1:
Descriptive Functions / 2.2.2:
Operators and Expressions / 2.2.3:
Factors / 2.3:
Making Factors / 2.3.1:
Operations on Factors / 2.3.2:
Re-ordering and Re-labelling / 2.3.3:
Indexing / 2.4:
Indexing by Name / 2.4.1:
Indexing by Number / 2.4.2:
Inserting and Deleting Rows or Columns / 2.4.3:
Indexing with Factors / 2.4.4:
Conditional Indexing / 2.4.5:
Sorting / 2.4.6:
Reshaping / 2.5:
Stacking and Unstacking? / 2.5.1:
Reshaping: Wide and Long / 2.5.2:
Merging / 2.5.3:
Missing Values / 2.6:
Recoding Missing Values / 2.6.1:
Operations with Missing Values / 2.6.2:
Counting and Sorting Missing Values / 2.6.3:
Handling Missing Values / 2.6.4:
Mapping Functions / 2.7:
Repeated Evaluation / 2.7.1:
Applying Functions / 2.7.2:
Writing Functions / 2.8:
Anonymous Functions / 2.8.1:
Optional Arguments / 2.8.2:
Tables and Graphs / 3:
Tables / 3.1:
Frequency Tables / 3.1.1:
Tables of Cell Means and Other Summaries / 3.1.2:
Saving Tables / 3.1.3:
Graphs / 3.2:
Base Graphics / 3.2.1:
Lattice Graphics / 3.2.2:
Multiple Plot Layout / 3.2.3:
Saving Graphics / 3.2.4:
Hypothesis Tests / 4:
Probability Distributions / 4.1:
How to Run a t test / 4.2:
Linear Models / 5:
Model Formulas / 5.1:
Formula and Data Frame / 5.1.1:
Updating Model Fits / 5.1.2:
General Linear Models / 5.2:
Regression Diagnostics / 5.2.1:
Testing the Regression Coefficients / 5.2.2:
Prediction / 5.2.3:
Stepwise Regression / 5.2.4:
Extracting Information from the Fit Object / 5.2.5:
Residualizing / 5.2.6:
ANOVA / 5.3:
ANOVA Tables / 5.3.1:
Comparisons / 5.3.2:
Learning R / 5.4:
Index
Introduction to R / 1:
Why Command Lines and Scripts? / 1.1:
The R Console / 1.1.1:
2.
EB
Christian Rockenhäuser
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015
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3.
EB
Serge Linckels, Christoph Meinel
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction to E-Librarian Services / 1:
From Ancient to Digital Libraries / 1.1:
From Searching to Finding / 1.2:
Searching the Web / 1.2.1:
Searching Multimedia Knowledge Bases / 1.2.2:
Exploratory Search / 1.2.3:
E-Librarian Services / 1.3:
Overview / 1.3.1:
Early Question-Answering Systems / 1.3.2:
Natural Language Interface / 1.3.3:
No Library without a Librarian / 1.3.4:
Characteristics of an E-Librarian Service / 1.3.5:
Overview and Organization of the Book / 1.4:
Key Technologies of E-Librarian Services / Part I:
Semantic Web and Ontologies / 2:
What is the Semantic Web? / 2.1:
The Vision of the Semantic Web / 2.1.1:
Semantic Web vs. Web N.O / 2.1.2:
Three Principles Ruling the Semantic Web / 2.1.3:
Architecture / 2.1.4:
Ontologies / 2.2:
Ontology Structure / 2.2.1:
Upper and Domain Ontologies / 2.2.2:
Linked Data / 2.2.3:
Expressivity of Ontologies / 2.2.4:
XML Extensible Markup Language / 2.3:
XML: Elements, Attributes and Values / 2.3.1:
Namespaces and Qualified Names / 2.3.2:
XML Schema / 2.3.3:
Complete Example / 2.3.4:
Limitations of XML / 2.3.5:
RDF-Resource Description Framework / 2.4:
RDF Triples and Serialization / 2.4.1:
RDF Schema / 2.4.2:
Limitations of RDF / 2.4.3:
Owl 1 and Owl 2 - Web Ontology Language / 2.5:
Instances, Classes and Restrictions in Owl / 2.5.1:
From Owl 1 to Owl 2 / 2.5.2:
Sparql, the Query Language / 2.5.4:
Description Logics and Reasoning / 3:
DL- Description Logics / 3.1:
Concept Descriptions / 3.1.1:
DL Languages / 3.1.2:
Equivalences between OWL and DL / 3.1.3:
DL Knowledge Base / 3.2:
Terminologies (TBox) / 3.2.1:
World Descriptions (ABox) / 3.2.2:
Interpretations / 3.3:
Interpreting Individuals, Concepts, and Roles / 3.3.1:
Modeling the Real World / 3.3.2:
Inferences / 3.4:
Standard Inferences / 3.4.1:
Non-Standard Inferences / 3.4.2:
Natural Language Processing / 4:
Overview and Challenges / 4.1:
Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics / 4.1.1:
Difficulties of NLP / 4.1.2:
Zipf's law / 4.1.3:
Dealing with Single Words / 4.2:
Tokenization and Tagging / 4.2.1:
Morphology / 4.2.2:
Building Words over an Alphabet / 4.2.3:
Operations over Words / 4.2.4:
Semantic Knowledge Sources / 4.3:
Semantic relations / 4.3.1:
Semantic resources / 4.3.2:
Dealing with Sentences / 4.4:
Phrase Types / 4.4.1:
Phrase Structure / 4.4.2:
Grammar / 4.4.3:
Formal languages / 4.4.4:
Phrase structure ambiguities / 4.4.5:
Alternative parsing techniques / 4.4.6:
Multi-Language / 4.5:
Semantic Interpretation / 4.6:
Information Retrieval / 5:
Retrieval Process / 5.1:
Document Indexation and Weighting / 5.2:
Index of terms / 5.2.1:
Weighting / 5.2.2:
Retrieval Models / 5.3:
Boolean Model / 5.3.1:
Vector Model / 5.3.2:
Probabilistic Model / 5.3.3:
Page Rank / 5.3.4:
Semantic Distance / 5.3.5:
Other Models / 5.3.6:
Retrieval Evaluation / 5.4:
Precision, Recall, and Accuracy / 5.4.1:
Design and Utilization of E-Librarian Services / Part II:
Ontological Approach / 6:
Expert Systems / 6.1:
Classical Expert Systems / 6.1.1:
Ontology-Driven Expert Systems / 6.1.2:
Towards an E-Librarian Service / 6.2:
Reasoning Capabilities of an E-Librarian Service / 6.2.1:
Deploying an Ontology / 6.2.2:
Designing the Ontological Background / 6.2.3:
Semantic Annotation of the Knowledge Base / 6.3:
Computer-Assisted Creation of metadata / 6.3.1:
Automatic Generation of metadata / 6.3.2:
Design of the Natural Language Processing Module / 7:
Overview of the Semantic Interpretation / 7.1:
Logical Form / 7.1.1:
Processing of a User Question / 7.1.2:
NLP Pre-Processing / 7.2:
Domain Language / 7.2.1:
Lemmatization / 7.2.2:
Handling Spelling Errors / 7.2.3:
Ontology Mapping / 7.3:
Domain Dictionary / 7.3.1:
Mapping of Words / 7.3.2:
Resolving Ambiguities / 7.3.3:
Generation of a DL-Concept Description / 7.4:
Without Syntactic Analysis / 7.4.1:
With Syntactic Analysis / 7.4.2:
How much NLP is Sufficient? / 7.4.3:
Optimization and Normal Form / 7.4.4:
General Limitations and Constraints / 7.5:
Role Quantifiers / 7.5.1:
Conjunction and Disjunction / 7.5.2:
Negation / 7.5.3:
Open-Ended and Closed-Ended Questions / 7.5.4:
Formulations / 7.5.5:
Others / 7.5.6:
Multiple-Language Feature / 7.6:
Designing the Multimedia Information Retrieval Module / 8:
Overview of the MIR Module / 8.1:
Knowledge Base and metadata / 8.1.1:
Retrieval Principle / 8.1.2:
The Concept Covering Problem / 8.1.3:
Identifying Covers / 8.2:
Computing the Best Covers / 8.3:
Miss and Rest / 8.3.1:
Size of a Concept Description / 8.3.2:
Best Covers / 8.3.3:
Ranking / 8.4:
Algorithm for the Retrieval Problem / 8.5:
User Feedback / 8.6:
Direct User Feedback / 8.6.1:
Collaborative Tagging and Social Networks / 8.6.2:
Diversification of User Feedback / 8.6.3:
Implementation / 9:
Knowledge Layer / 9.1:
Inference Layer / 9.1.2:
Communication Layer / 9.1.3:
Presentation Layer / 9.1.4:
Development Details / 9.2:
Processing Owl and DL in Java / 9.2.1:
Client Front-End with Ajax Autocompleter / 9.2.2:
The Soap Web Service Interface / 9.2.3:
Applications / Part III:
Best practices / 10:
Computer History Expert System (CHESt) / 10.1:
Description / 10.1.1:
Experiment / 10.1.2:
Mathematics Expert System (MatES) / 10.2:
Benchmark Test / 10.2.1:
The Lecture Butler's E-Librarian Service / 10.2.3:
Benchmark Tests / 10.3.1:
Appendix / Part IV:
XML Schema Primitive Datatypes / A:
Reasoning Algorithms / B:
Structural Subsumption / B.1:
Example 1 / B.2.1:
Example 2 / B.2.2:
Brown Tag Set / C:
Part-of-Speech Taggers and Parsers / D:
POS Taggers / D.1:
Parsers / D.2:
Probabilistic IR Model / E:
Probability Theory / E.1:
References / E.2:
Index
Introduction to E-Librarian Services / 1:
From Ancient to Digital Libraries / 1.1:
From Searching to Finding / 1.2:
4.
EB
Serge Linckels, Christoph Meinel
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction to E-Librarian Services / 1:
From Ancient to Digital Libraries / 1.1:
From Searching to Finding / 1.2:
Searching the Web / 1.2.1:
Searching Multimedia Knowledge Bases / 1.2.2:
Exploratory Search / 1.2.3:
E-Librarian Services / 1.3:
Overview / 1.3.1:
Early Question-Answering Systems / 1.3.2:
Natural Language Interface / 1.3.3:
No Library without a Librarian / 1.3.4:
Characteristics of an E-Librarian Service / 1.3.5:
Overview and Organization of the Book / 1.4:
Key Technologies of E-Librarian Services / Part I:
Semantic Web and Ontologies / 2:
What is the Semantic Web? / 2.1:
The Vision of the Semantic Web / 2.1.1:
Semantic Web vs. Web N.O / 2.1.2:
Three Principles Ruling the Semantic Web / 2.1.3:
Architecture / 2.1.4:
Ontologies / 2.2:
Ontology Structure / 2.2.1:
Upper and Domain Ontologies / 2.2.2:
Linked Data / 2.2.3:
Expressivity of Ontologies / 2.2.4:
XML Extensible Markup Language / 2.3:
XML: Elements, Attributes and Values / 2.3.1:
Namespaces and Qualified Names / 2.3.2:
XML Schema / 2.3.3:
Complete Example / 2.3.4:
Limitations of XML / 2.3.5:
RDF-Resource Description Framework / 2.4:
RDF Triples and Serialization / 2.4.1:
RDF Schema / 2.4.2:
Limitations of RDF / 2.4.3:
Owl 1 and Owl 2 - Web Ontology Language / 2.5:
Instances, Classes and Restrictions in Owl / 2.5.1:
From Owl 1 to Owl 2 / 2.5.2:
Sparql, the Query Language / 2.5.4:
Description Logics and Reasoning / 3:
DL- Description Logics / 3.1:
Concept Descriptions / 3.1.1:
DL Languages / 3.1.2:
Equivalences between OWL and DL / 3.1.3:
DL Knowledge Base / 3.2:
Terminologies (TBox) / 3.2.1:
World Descriptions (ABox) / 3.2.2:
Interpretations / 3.3:
Interpreting Individuals, Concepts, and Roles / 3.3.1:
Modeling the Real World / 3.3.2:
Inferences / 3.4:
Standard Inferences / 3.4.1:
Non-Standard Inferences / 3.4.2:
Natural Language Processing / 4:
Overview and Challenges / 4.1:
Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics / 4.1.1:
Difficulties of NLP / 4.1.2:
Zipf's law / 4.1.3:
Dealing with Single Words / 4.2:
Tokenization and Tagging / 4.2.1:
Morphology / 4.2.2:
Building Words over an Alphabet / 4.2.3:
Operations over Words / 4.2.4:
Semantic Knowledge Sources / 4.3:
Semantic relations / 4.3.1:
Semantic resources / 4.3.2:
Dealing with Sentences / 4.4:
Phrase Types / 4.4.1:
Phrase Structure / 4.4.2:
Grammar / 4.4.3:
Formal languages / 4.4.4:
Phrase structure ambiguities / 4.4.5:
Alternative parsing techniques / 4.4.6:
Multi-Language / 4.5:
Semantic Interpretation / 4.6:
Information Retrieval / 5:
Retrieval Process / 5.1:
Document Indexation and Weighting / 5.2:
Index of terms / 5.2.1:
Weighting / 5.2.2:
Retrieval Models / 5.3:
Boolean Model / 5.3.1:
Vector Model / 5.3.2:
Probabilistic Model / 5.3.3:
Page Rank / 5.3.4:
Semantic Distance / 5.3.5:
Other Models / 5.3.6:
Retrieval Evaluation / 5.4:
Precision, Recall, and Accuracy / 5.4.1:
Design and Utilization of E-Librarian Services / Part II:
Ontological Approach / 6:
Expert Systems / 6.1:
Classical Expert Systems / 6.1.1:
Ontology-Driven Expert Systems / 6.1.2:
Towards an E-Librarian Service / 6.2:
Reasoning Capabilities of an E-Librarian Service / 6.2.1:
Deploying an Ontology / 6.2.2:
Designing the Ontological Background / 6.2.3:
Semantic Annotation of the Knowledge Base / 6.3:
Computer-Assisted Creation of metadata / 6.3.1:
Automatic Generation of metadata / 6.3.2:
Design of the Natural Language Processing Module / 7:
Overview of the Semantic Interpretation / 7.1:
Logical Form / 7.1.1:
Processing of a User Question / 7.1.2:
NLP Pre-Processing / 7.2:
Domain Language / 7.2.1:
Lemmatization / 7.2.2:
Handling Spelling Errors / 7.2.3:
Ontology Mapping / 7.3:
Domain Dictionary / 7.3.1:
Mapping of Words / 7.3.2:
Resolving Ambiguities / 7.3.3:
Generation of a DL-Concept Description / 7.4:
Without Syntactic Analysis / 7.4.1:
With Syntactic Analysis / 7.4.2:
How much NLP is Sufficient? / 7.4.3:
Optimization and Normal Form / 7.4.4:
General Limitations and Constraints / 7.5:
Role Quantifiers / 7.5.1:
Conjunction and Disjunction / 7.5.2:
Negation / 7.5.3:
Open-Ended and Closed-Ended Questions / 7.5.4:
Formulations / 7.5.5:
Others / 7.5.6:
Multiple-Language Feature / 7.6:
Designing the Multimedia Information Retrieval Module / 8:
Overview of the MIR Module / 8.1:
Knowledge Base and metadata / 8.1.1:
Retrieval Principle / 8.1.2:
The Concept Covering Problem / 8.1.3:
Identifying Covers / 8.2:
Computing the Best Covers / 8.3:
Miss and Rest / 8.3.1:
Size of a Concept Description / 8.3.2:
Best Covers / 8.3.3:
Ranking / 8.4:
Algorithm for the Retrieval Problem / 8.5:
User Feedback / 8.6:
Direct User Feedback / 8.6.1:
Collaborative Tagging and Social Networks / 8.6.2:
Diversification of User Feedback / 8.6.3:
Implementation / 9:
Knowledge Layer / 9.1:
Inference Layer / 9.1.2:
Communication Layer / 9.1.3:
Presentation Layer / 9.1.4:
Development Details / 9.2:
Processing Owl and DL in Java / 9.2.1:
Client Front-End with Ajax Autocompleter / 9.2.2:
The Soap Web Service Interface / 9.2.3:
Applications / Part III:
Best practices / 10:
Computer History Expert System (CHESt) / 10.1:
Description / 10.1.1:
Experiment / 10.1.2:
Mathematics Expert System (MatES) / 10.2:
Benchmark Test / 10.2.1:
The Lecture Butler's E-Librarian Service / 10.2.3:
Benchmark Tests / 10.3.1:
Appendix / Part IV:
XML Schema Primitive Datatypes / A:
Reasoning Algorithms / B:
Structural Subsumption / B.1:
Example 1 / B.2.1:
Example 2 / B.2.2:
Brown Tag Set / C:
Part-of-Speech Taggers and Parsers / D:
POS Taggers / D.1:
Parsers / D.2:
Probabilistic IR Model / E:
Probability Theory / E.1:
References / E.2:
Index
Introduction to E-Librarian Services / 1:
From Ancient to Digital Libraries / 1.1:
From Searching to Finding / 1.2:
5.
EB
Christian M. Reidys
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer New York, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
RNA secondary structures / 1.1:
RNA pseudoknot structures / 1.2:
Sequence to structure maps / 1.3:
Folding / 1.4:
RNA tertiary interactions: a combinatorial perspective / 1.5:
Basic concepts / 2:
k-Noncrossing partial matchings / 2.1:
Young tableaux, RSK algorithm, and Weyl chambers / 2.1.1:
The Weyl group / 2.1.2:
From tableaux to paths and back / 2.1.3:
The generating function via the reflection principle / 2.1.4:
D-finiteness / 2.1.5:
Symbolic enumeration / 2.2:
Singularity analysis / 2.3:
Transfer theorems / 2.3.1:
The supercritical paradigm / 2.3.2:
Some ODEs / 2.4:
n-Cubes / 2.4.2:
Some basic facts / 2.5.1:
Random subgraphs of the n-cube / 2.5.2:
Vertex boundaries / 2.5.3:
Branching processes and Janson's inequality / 2.5.4:
Exercises / 2.6:
Tangled diagrams / 3:
Tangled diagrams and vacillating tableaux / 3.1:
The bijection / 3.2:
Enumeration / 3.3:
Combinatorial analysis / 4:
Cores and Shapes / 4.1:
Cores / 4.1.1:
Shapes / 4.1.2:
Generating functions / 4.2:
The GF of cores / 4.2.1:
The GF of k-noncrossing, ?-canonical structures / 4.2.2:
Asymptotics / 4.3:
k-Noncrossing structures / 4.3.1:
Canonical structures / 4.3.2:
Modular k-noncrossing structures / 4.4:
Colored shapes / 4.4.1:
The main theorem / 4.4.2:
Probabilistic Analysis / 4.5:
Uniform generation / 5.1:
Partial matchings / 5.1.1:
Central limit theorems / 5.1.2:
The central limit theorem / 5.2.1:
Arcs and stacks / 5.2.2:
Hairpin loops, interior loops, and bulges / 5.2.3:
Discrete limit laws / 5.3:
Irreducible substructures / 5.3.1:
The limit distribution of nontrivial returns / 5.3.2:
DP folding based on loop energies / 5.4:
Secondary structures / 6.1.1:
Pseudoknot structures / 6.1.2:
Combinatorial folding / 6.2:
Motifs / 6.2.1:
Skeleta / 6.2.3:
Saturation / 6.2.4:
Neutral networks / 7:
Neutral networks as random graphs / 7.1:
The giant / 7.2:
Cells / 7.2.1:
The number of vertices contained in cells / 7.2.2:
The largest component / 7.2.3:
Neutral paths / 7.3:
Connectivity / 7.4:
References / 7.5:
Index
Introduction / 1:
RNA secondary structures / 1.1:
RNA pseudoknot structures / 1.2:
6.
図書
Alexander Mamishev, Sean Williams
出版情報:
Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, c2010 xvii, 243 p. ; 24 cm.
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Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction / Chapter 1:
In this Chapter / 1.1:
Our Audience / 1.2:
A few horror stories / 1.2.1:
Some history / 1.2.2:
The Need For a Good "Writing System" / 1.3:
Introducing Stream Tools / 1.4:
What is STREAM Tools? / 1.4.1:
Why use STREAM Tools? / 1.4.2:
The software of STREAM Tools / 1.4.3:
Recommended packages / 1.4.3.1:
A brief comparison of Microsoft Word vs. LaTeX: history and myths / 1.4.3.2:
How to Use this Book / 1.5:
Exercises / 1.6:
Quick Start Guide For Stream Tools / Chapter 2:
A General Overview of the Writing Process / 2.1:
Introduction to Writing Quality Tools: The Stream Tools Editorial Mark-Up Table / 2.3:
Introduction to Document Design Tools / 2.4:
Important fundamental concepts / 2.4.1:
Step 1: Use template files to create your new manuscripts / 2.4.1.1:
Step 2: Copy existing elements and paste them into a new location / 2.4.1.2:
Step 3: Edit the element / 2.4.1.3:
Step 4: Cross-referencing elements / 2.4.1.4:
Creating Elements in a Document / 2.4.2:
Headings / 2.4.2.1:
Equations / 2.4.2.2:
Figures / 2.4.2.3:
Tables / 2.4.2.4:
References (literature citations) / 2.4.2.5:
Introduction to File Management: Optimizing Your Workflow / 2.5:
General principles / 2.5.1:
Using a wiki for file management / 2.5.2:
Version control / 2.5.3:
Conclusions / 2.6:
Document Design / 2.7:
Creating Templates / 3.1:
How to create and cross-reference a heading template / 3.2.1:
How to alter a heading template / 3.2.1.2:
Common formatting mistakes in headings / 3.2.1.3:
Common stylistic mistakes for headings / 3.2.1.4:
Tips and tricks / 3.2.1.5:
How to create and cross-reference an equation template / 3.2.2:
How to alter an equation template / 3.2.2.2:
Common formatting mistakes for equations / 3.2.2.3:
Common stylistic mistakes for equations / 3.2.2.4:
How to create and cross-reference a figure template / 3.2.2.5:
How to alter a figure template / 3.2.3.2:
Common formatting mistakes in figures / 3.2.3.3:
Common stylistic mistakes in figures / 3.2.3.4:
Tips and tricks for figures / 3.2.3.5:
How to create and cross-reference a table template / 3.2.4:
How to alter a table template / 3.2.4.2:
Common typesetting mistakes / 3.2.4.3:
Common stylistic mistakes in tables / 3.2.4.4:
Tips and tricks for tables / 3.2.4.5:
Front matter / 3.2.5:
Controlling page numbers / 3.2.5.1:
Table of contents / 3.2.5.2:
Back matter / 3.2.6:
Appendices / 3.2.6.1:
Indices / 3.2.6.2:
Using Multiple Templates / 3.3:
Controlling styles / 3.3.1:
Switching between single-column and double-column formats / 3.3.2:
Master documents / 3.3.3:
Practice Problems / 3.4:
Additional Resources / 3.4.1:
Using Bibliographic Databases / 3.6:
Why Use a Bibliographic Database? / 4.1:
Choice of Software / 4.3:
Using Endnote / 4.4:
Setting up the interface / 4.4.1:
Adding references / 4.4.2:
Citing references / 4.4.3:
Sharing a Database / 4.5:
Numbering the database entries / 4.5.1:
Compatibility with BiBTeX / 4.5.2:
Formatting References / 4.6:
Planning, Drafting, and Editing Documents / 4.7:
Definition Stage / 5.1:
Select your team members / 5.2.1:
Hold a kick-off meeting / 5.2.2:
Analyze the audience / 5.2.3:
Formulate the purpose / 5.2.4:
Persuasion / 5.2.4.1:
Exposition / 5.2.4.2:
Instruction / 5.2.4.3:
Select the optimum combination of STREAM Tools / 5.2.5:
Preparation Stage / 5.3:
Evaluate historical documents / 5.3.1:
Journal articles / 5.3.1.1:
Proceedings/papers / 5.3.1.2:
Theses and dissertations / 5.3.1.3:
Proposals / 5.3.1.4:
Reports / 5.3.1.5:
Populate the file repository / 5.3.2:
Create a comprehensive outline of the document / 5.3.3:
Using deductive structures / 5.3.3.1:
Using Microsoft Word's Outline feature / 5.3.3.2:
Populate all sections with "yellow text" / 5.3.4:
Distribute writing tasks among team members / 5.3.5:
Choose a drafting strategy / 5.3.5.1:
Synchronize writing styles / 5.3.5.2:
Writing Stage / 5.4:
Enter content / 5.4.1:
Legacy content / 5.4.1.1:
New content / 5.4.1.2:
Control versions of shared files / 5.4.1.3:
Request that team members submit their drafts / 5.4.2:
Verify that each section is headed in the right direction / 5.4.3:
Construct the whole document / 5.4.4:
Revise for content and distribute additional writing tasks / 5.4.5:
Comprehensive editing / 5.4.5.1:
STREAM Tools Editorial Mark-up table (STEM Table) / 5.4.5.2:
Strategies for editing electronic copy using Microsoft Word--an overview of Microsoft Word's commenting, reviewing, and proofing features / 5.4.5.3:
Distribute additional writing tasks / 5.4.6:
Completion Stage / 5.5:
Copy edit the document / 5.5.1:
Send out for a final review of content and clarity / 5.5.2:
Proofread the document / 5.5.3:
Submit the document / 5.5.4:
Conduct the final process-improvement review session / 5.5.5:
Building High Quality Writing Teams / 5.6:
Understanding the Benefits and Challenges of Teamwork / 6.1:
The payoff of teamwork / 6.2.1:
Some principle challenges of teamwork / 6.2.2:
Identifying Team Goals and Assigning Member Roles / 6.3:
Define roles and procedures clearly / 6.3.1:
Define team roles / 6.3.1.1:
Define team procedures / 6.3.1.2:
Managing Teamwork at a Distance / 6.4:
Building trust in virtual teams / 6.4.1:
Demonstrating sensitivity to cultural differences / 6.4.2:
Selecting Communication Tools To Support Teamwork / 6.5:
Wikis / 6.5.1:
Creating a wiki / 6.5.1.1:
Editing / 6.5.1.2:
Organizing / 6.5.1.3:
Monitoring edits / 6.5.1.4:
Other suggestions for wiki use / 6.5.1.5:
SharePoint / 6.5.2:
Lists / 6.5.2.1:
Web pages / 6.5.2.2:
Alerts and site management / 6.5.2.3:
Assuring Quality Writing / 6.6:
Choosing the Best Words 278 / 7.1:
Choose strong words / 7.2.1:
Use strong nouns and verbs / 7.2.1.1:
Choose words with the right level of formality / 7.2.1.2:
Avoid weak words / 7.2.2:
Check for confusing or frequently misused words / 7.2.2.1:
Avoid double negatives, and change negatives to affirmatives / 7.2.2.2:
Avoid changing verbs to nouns / 7.2.2.3:
Delete meaningless words and modifiers / 7.2.2.4:
Steer clear of jargon / 7.2.2.5:
Avoid sexist or discriminatory language / 7.2.2.6:
Writing Strong Sentences / 7.3:
Write economically / 7.3.1:
Include a variety of sentence types / 7.3.2:
Avoiding Weak Sentence Construction / 7.4:
Comma splices / 7.4.1.1:
Fragments / 7.4.1.2:
Fused or run-on sentences / 7.4.1.3:
Misplaced, dangling, or two-way modifiers / 7.4.1.4:
Faulty parallelism / 7.4.1.5:
Punctuating For Clarity / 7.5:
End punctuation / 7.5.1:
Periods / 7.5.1.1:
Question marks / 7.5.1.2:
Exclamation points / 7.5.1.3:
Commas / 7.5.2:
Semicolons / 7.5.3:
Colons / 7.5.4:
Apostrophes / 7.5.5:
Dashes and hyphens / 7.5.6:
Final Considerations / 7.6:
Abbreviations and acronyms / 7.6.1:
Capitalization / 7.6.2:
Numbers / 7.6.3:
Dates / 7.6.4:
Fractions and percentages / 7.6.5:
Units of measure / 7.6.6:
A Final Note on Grammar / 7.7:
Concluding Remarks / 7.8:
Business Case / 8.1:
Frequently Asked Questions / 8.3:
Success Stories / 8.4:
Additional Reading / 8.5:
Useful books and articles / 8.5.1:
Useful weblinks / 8.5.2:
EXERCISES / 8.6:
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction / Chapter 1:
7.
図書
Ulrich Schubert, Nicola Hüsing
出版情報:
Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2019 xviii, 404 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction / 1:
Solid-State Reactions / 2:
Reactions Between Solid Compounds / 2.1:
Ceramic Method / 2.1.1:
General Aspects of Solid-State Reactions / 2.1.1.1:
Facilitating Solid-State Reactions / 2.1.1.2:
Mechanochemical Synthesis / 2.1.2:
Carbothermal Reduction / 2.1.3:
Combustion Synthesis / 2.1.4:
Solution Combustion Synthesis / 2.1.4.1:
Solid-Gas Reactions / 2.2:
Ceramics Processing / 2.3:
Sintering / 2.3.1:
Intercalation Reactions / 2.4:
Mechanistic Aspects / 2.4.1:
Preparative Methods / 2.4.2:
Intercalation of Polymers in Layered Systems / 2.4.3:
Pillaring of Layered Compounds / 2.4.4:
Further Reading
Formation of Solids from the Gas Phase / 3:
Chemical Vapour Transport / 3.1:
Halogen Lamps / 3.1.1:
Transport Reactions / 3.1.2:
Chemical Vapour Deposition / 3.2:
General Aspects / 3.2.1:
Techniques / 3.2.2:
Metal CVD / 3.2.3:
Silicon and Aluminium / 3.2.3.1:
Tungsten / 3.2.3.2:
Copper / 3.2.3.3:
CVD of Carbon / 3.2.4:
CVD of Binary and Multinary Compounds / 3.2.5:
Metal Oxides / 3.2.5.1:
Metal Nitrides / 3.2.5.2:
Metal Chalcogenides and Pnictides / 3.2.5.3:
Aerosol-Assisted CVD / 3.2.6:
Chemical Vapour Infiltration / 3.2.7:
Gas-Phase Powder Syntheses / 3.3:
Formation of Solids from Solutions and Melts / 4:
Glass / 4.1:
The Structural Theory of Glass Formation / 4.1.1:
Crystallization Versus Glass Formation / 4.1.2:
Glass Melting / 4.1.3:
Phase Separation / 4.1.4:
Metallic Glasses / 4.1.5:
Crystallization from Solution / 4.2:
Monodispersity / 4.2.1:
Shape Control of Crystals / 4.2.2:
Non-classical Crystallization / 4.2.3:
Biomineralization / 4.2.4:
Biogenic Materials / 4.2.4.1:
Bioinspired Materials Chemistry / 4.2.4.2:
Electrodeposition / 4.3:
Colloids / 4.3.1:
Electrodeposition of Ceramics / 4.3.2:
Solvothermal Processes / 4.4:
Fundamentals / 4.4.1:
Growing Single Crystals / 4.4.2:
Solvothermal Synthesis / 4.4.3:
Synthetic Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials / 4.4.3.1:
Zeolites / 4.4.3.3:
Sol-Gel Processes / 4.5:
The Chemistry of Alkoxide Precursors / 4.5.1:
Hydrolysis and Condensation / 4.5.2:
Silica-Based Materials / 4.5.2.1:
Metal Oxide-Based Materials / 4.5.2.2:
The Sol-Gel Transition (Gelation) / 4.5.3:
Aging and Drying / 4.5.4:
Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Processes / 4.5.5:
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials / 4.5.6:
Aerogels / 4.5.7:
Preparation and Modification of Inorganic Polymers / 5:
Synthesis and Crosslinking / 5.1:
Copolymers / 5.1.2:
Polysiloxanes (Silicones) / 5.2:
Properties and Applications / 5.2.1:
Structure / 5.2.2:
Preparation / 5.2.3:
Curing ('Vulcanizing') / 5.2.4:
Polyphosphazenes / 5.3:
Preparation and Modification / 5.3.1:
Polysilanes / 5.4:
Polycarbosilanes / 5.4.1:
Polysilazanes and Related Polymers / 5.6:
Polymers with B-N Backbones / 5.7:
Other Inorganic Polymers / 5.8:
Other Phosphorus-Containing Polymers / 5.8.1:
Polymers with S-N Backbones / 5.8.2:
Metallopolymers / 5.8.3:
Polymer-to-Ceramic Transformation / 5.9:
Self-Assembly / 6:
Self-Assembled Monolayers / 6.1:
Metal-Organic Frameworks / 6.2:
Modularity of the Structures / 6.2.1:
Synthesis and Modification / 6.2.2:
Supramolecular Arrangements of Surfactants and Block Copolymers / 6.3:
Layer-by-Layer Assembly / 6.4:
Templating / 7:
Introduction to Porosity and High Surface Area Materials / 7.1:
Infiltration and Coating of Templates / 7.2:
Replica Technique / 7.2.1:
Sacrificial Templates / 7.2.2:
Colloidal Crystals / 7.2.2.1:
Hollow Particles / 7.2.2.2:
Direct Foaming / 7.2.3:
Nanocasting / 7.2.4:
In Situ Formation of Templates / 7.3:
Breath Figures / 7.3.1:
Freeze Casting / 7.3.2:
Supramolecular Assemblies of Amphiphiles / 7.3.3:
Synthesis of Periodic Mesoporous Silicas / 7.3.3.1:
Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly / 7.3.3.2:
Incorporation of Organic Groups / 7.3.3.3:
Reorganization and Transformation Processes / 7.4:
Pseudomorphic Transformation / 7.4.1:
Kirkendall Effect / 7.4.2:
Galvanic Replacement / 7.4.3:
Phase Separation and Leaching / 7.4.4:
Nanomaterials / 8:
Properties of Nanomaterials / 8.1:
Properties Due to Surface Effects / 8.1.1:
Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials / 8.1.2:
Catalytic Properties / 8.1.3:
Optical Properties / 8.1.4:
Electrical Properties / 8.1.5:
Magnetic Properties / 8.1.6:
Syntheses of Nanoparticles / 8.2:
Severe Plastic Deformation / 8.2.1:
Formation from Vapours / 8.2.2:
Formation from Solution / 8.2.3:
Surface Modification with Organic Groups / 8.2.4:
One-Dimensional Nanostructures / 8.3:
Nanowires and Nanorods / 8.3.1:
Nanotubes / 8.3.2:
Carbon Nanotubes / 8.3.2.1:
Titania Nanotubes / 8.3.2.2:
Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials / 8.4:
Graphene / 8.4.1:
Other 2D Nanomaterials / 8.4.2:
Heterostructures and Composites / 8.5:
Core-Shell Nanoparticles / 8.5.1:
Vertical 2D Heterostructures / 8.5.2:
Polymer-Matrix Nanocomposites / 8.5.3:
Supported Metal Nanoparticles / 8.5.4:
Glossary
Index
Preface
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
8.
EB
Slav Petrov, Eugene Charniak
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012
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Introduction / 1:
Coarse-to-Fine Models / 1.1:
Coarse-to-Fine Inference / 1.2:
Latent Variable Grammars for Natural Language Parsing / 2:
Experimental Setup / 2.1:
Manual Grammar Refinement / 2.2:
Vertical and Horizontal Markovization / 2.2.1:
Additional Linguistic Refinements / 2.2.2:
Generative Latent Variable Grammars / 2.3:
Hierarchical Estimation / 2.3.1:
Adaptive Refinement / 2.3.2:
Smoothing / 2.3.3:
An Infinite Alternative / 2.3.4:
Inference / 2.4:
Hierarchical Coarse-to-Fine Pruning / 2.4.1:
Objective Functions for Parsing / 2.4.2:
Additional Experiments / 2.5:
Baseline Grammar Variation / 2.5.1:
Final Results WSJ / 2.5.3:
Multilingual Parsing / 2.5.4:
Corpus Variation / 2.5.5:
Training Size Variation / 2.5.6:
Analysis / 2.6:
Lexical Subcategories / 2.6.1:
Phrasal Subcategories / 2.6.2:
Multilingual Analysis / 2.6.3:
Summary and Future Work / 2.7:
Discriminative Latent Variable Grammars / 3:
Log-Linear Latent Variable Grammars / 3.1:
Single-Scale Discriminative Grammars / 3.3:
Efficient Discriminative Estimation / 3.3.1:
Experiments / 3.3.2:
Multi-scale Discriminative Grammars / 3.4:
Hierarchical Refinement / 3.4.1:
Learning Sparse Multi-scale Grammars / 3.4.2:
Additional Features / 3.4.3:
Structured Acoustic Models for Speech Recognition / 3.4.4:
Learning / 4.1:
The Hand-Aligned Case / 4.2.1:
Splitting / 4.2.2:
Merging / 4.2.3:
The Automatically-Aligned Case / 4.2.4:
Phone Recognition / 4.3:
Phone Classification / 4.4.2:
Coarse-to-Fine Machine Translation Decoding / 4.5:
Coarse-to-Fine Decoding / 5.1:
Related Work / 5.2.1:
Language Model Projections / 5.2.2:
Multipass Decoding / 5.2.3:
Inversion Transduction Grammars / 5.3:
Learning Coarse Languages / 5.4:
Random Projections / 5.4.1:
Frequency Clustering / 5.4.2:
HMM Clustering / 5.4.3:
JCluster / 5.4.4:
Clustering Results / 5.4.5:
Clustering / 5.5:
Spacing / 5.5.2:
Encoding Versus Order / 5.5.3:
Final Results / 5.5.4:
Search Error Analysis / 5.5.5:
Conclusions and Future Work / 5.6:
References
Introduction / 1:
Coarse-to-Fine Models / 1.1:
Coarse-to-Fine Inference / 1.2:
9.
EB
Kazuhiko Aomoto, Michitake Kita, Toshitake Kohno, Kenji Iohara
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Japan, 2011
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Introduction: the Euler-Gauss Hypergeometric Function / 1:
?-Function / 1.1:
Infinite-Product Representation Due to Euler / 1.1.1:
?-Function as Meromorphic Function / 1.1.2:
Connection Formula / 1.1.3:
Power Series and Higher Logarithmic Expansion / 1.2:
Hypergeometric Series / 1.2.1:
Gauss' Differential Equation / 1.2.2:
First-Order Fuchsian Equation / 1.2.3:
Logarithmic Connection / 1.2.4:
Higher Logarithmic Expansion / 1.2.5:
D-Module / 1.2.6:
Integral Representation Due to Euler and Riemann / 1.3:
Kummer's Method / 1.3.1:
Gauss' Contiguous Relations and Continued Fraction Expansion / 1.4:
Gauss' Contiguous Relation / 1.4.1:
Continued Fraction Expansion / 1.4.2:
Convergence / 1.4.3:
The Mellin-Barnes Integral / 1.5:
Summation over a Lattice / 1.5.1:
Barnes' Integral Representation / 1.5.2:
Mellin's Differential Equation / 1.5.3:
Plan from Chapter 2 / 1.6:
Representation of Complex Integrals and Twisted de Rham Cohomologies / 2:
Formulation of the Problem and Intuitive Explanation of the Twisted de Rham Theory / 2.1:
Concept of Twist / 2.1.1:
Intuitive Explanation / 2.1.2:
One-Dimensional Case / 2.1.3:
Two-Dimensional Case / 2.1.4:
Higher-Dimensional Generalization / 2.1.5:
Twisted Homology Group / 2.1.6:
Locally Finite Twisted Homology Group / 2.1.7:
Review of the de Rham Theory and the Twisted de Rham Theory / 2.2:
Preliminary from Homological Algebra / 2.2.1:
Current / 2.2.2:
Current with Compact Support / 2.2.3:
Sheaf Cohomology / 2.2.4:
The Case of Compact Support / 2.2.5:
De Rham's Theorem / 2.2.6:
Duality / 2.2.7:
Integration over a Simplex / 2.2.8:
Twisted Chain / 2.2.9:
Twisted Version of § 2.2.4 / 2.2.10:
Poincaré Duality / 2.2.11:
Reformulation / 2.2.12:
Comparison of Cohomologies / 2.2.13:
Computation of the Euler Characteristic / 2.2.14:
Construction of Twisted Cycles (1): One-Dimensional Case / 2.3:
Twisted Cycle Around One Point / 2.3.1:
Construction of Twisted Cycles / 2.3.2:
Intersection Number (i) / 2.3.3:
Comparison Theorem / 2.4:
Algebraic de Rham Complex / 2.4.1:
Cech Cohomology / 2.4.2:
Hypercohomology / 2.4.3:
Spectral Sequence / 2.4.4:
Algebraic de Rham Cohomology / 2.4.5:
Analytic de Rham Cohomology / 2.4.6:
de Rham-Saito Lemma and Representation of Logarithmic Differential Forms / 2.4.7:
Logarithmic Differential Forms / 2.5.1:
de Rham-Saito Lemma / 2.5.2:
Representation of Logarithmic Differential Forms (i) / 2.5.3:
Vanishing of Twisted Cohomology for Homogeneous Case / 2.6:
Basic Operators / 2.6.1:
Homotopy Formula / 2.6.2:
Eigenspace Decomposition / 2.6.3:
Vanishing Theorem (i) / 2.6.4:
Filtration of Logarithmic Complex / 2.7:
Filtration / 2.7.1:
Comparison with Homogeneous Case / 2.7.2:
Isomorphism / 2.7.3:
Vanishing Theorem of the Twisted Rational de Rham Cohomology / 2.8:
Vanishing of Logarithmic de Rham Cohomology / 2.8.1:
Vanishing of Algebraic de Rham Cohomology / 2.8.2:
Example / 2.8.3:
Arrangement of Hyperplanes in General Position / 2.9:
Vanishing Theorem (ii) / 2.9.1:
Representation of Logarithmic Differential Forms (ii) / 2.9.2:
Reduction of Poles / 2.9.3:
Basis of Cohomology / 2.9.4:
Arrangement of Hyperplanes and Hypergeometric Functions over Grassmannians / 3:
Classical Hypergeometric Series and Their Generalizations, in Particular, Hypergeometric Series of Type (n + 1, m + 1) / 3.1:
Definition / 3.1.1:
Simple Examples / 3.1.2:
Hypergeometric Series of Type (n + 1, m + 1) / 3.1.3:
Appell-Lauricella Hypergeometric Functions (i) / 3.1.4:
Appell-Lauricella Hypergeometric Functions (ii) / 3.1.5:
Restriction to a Sublattice / 3.1.6:
Examples / 3.1.7:
Appell-Lauricella Hypergeometric Functions (iii) / 3.1.8:
Horn's Hypergeometric Functions / 3.1.9:
Construction of Twisted Cycles (2): For an Arrangement of Hyperplanes in General Positiion / 3.2:
Bounded Chambers / 3.2.1:
Basis of Locally Finite Homology / 3.2.3:
Regularization of Integrals / 3.2.4:
Kummer's Method for Integral Representations and Its Modernization via the Twisted de Rham Theory: Integral Representations of Hypergeometric Series of Type (n + 1, m +1) / 3.3:
Higher-Dimensional Case / 3.3.1:
Elementary Integral Representations / 3.3.4:
Hypergeometric Function of Type (3,6) / 3.3.5:
Hypergeometric Functions of Type (n + 1, m + 1) / 3.3.6:
Horn's Cases / 3.3.7:
System of Hypergeometric Differential Equations E(n + 1, m + 1; ?) / 3.4:
Hypergeometric Integral of Type (n + 1, m + 1; ?) / 3.4.1:
Differential Equation E(n + 1, m + 1; ?) / 3.4.2:
Equivalent System / 3.4.3:
Integral Solutions of E(n + 1, m + 1; ?) and Wronskian / 3.5:
Hypergeometric Integrals as a Basis / 3.5.1:
Gauss' Equation E'(2, 4; ?') / 3.5.2:
Appell-Lauricella Hypergeometric Differential Equation E'(2, m + 1; ?') / 3.5.3:
Equation E'(3.6; ?') / 3.5.4:
Equation E'(4, 8; ?') / 3.5.5:
General Cases / 3.5.6:
Wronskian / 3.5.7:
Varchenko's Formula / 3.5.8:
Intersection Number (ii) / 3.5.9:
Twisted Riemann's Period Relations and Quadratic Relations of Hypergeometric Functions / 3.5.10:
Determination of the Rank of E(n + 1, m + 1; ?) / 3.6:
Equation E'(n + 1, m + 1; ?') / 3.6.1:
Equation E'(2,4; ?') / 3.6.2:
Equation E'(2, m + 1; ?') / 3.6.3:
Equation E'(3, 6; ?') / 3.6.4:
Duality of E(n + 1, m + 1; ?) / 3.6.5:
Duality of Equations / 3.7.1:
Duality of Grassmannians / 3.7.2:
Duality of Hypergeometric Functions / 3.7.3:
Duality of Integral Representations / 3.7.4:
Logarithmic Gauss-Manin Connection Associated to an Arrangement of Hyperplanes in General Position / 3.7.5:
Review of Notation / 3.8.1:
Variational Formula / 3.8.2:
Partial Fraction Expansion / 3.8.3:
Logarithmic Gauss-Manin Connection / 3.8.4:
Holonomic Difference Equations and Asymptotic Expansion / 4:
Existence Theorem Due to G.D. Birkhoff and Infinite- Product Representation of Matrices / 4.1:
Normal Form of Matrix-Valued Function / 4.1.1:
Asymptotic Form of Solutions / 4.1.2:
Existence Theorem (i) / 4.1.3:
Infinite-Product Representation of Matrices / 4.1.4:
Gauss' Decomposition / 4.1.5:
Regularization of the Product / 4.1.6:
Convergence of the First Column / 4.1.7:
Asymptotic Estimate of Infinite Product / 4.1.8:
Convergence of Lower Triangular Matrices / 4.1.9:
Asymptotic Estimate of Lower Triangular Matrices / 4.1.10:
Difference Equation Satisfied by Upper Triangular Matrices / 4.1.11:
Resolution of Difference Equations / 4.1.12:
Completion of the Proof / 4.1.13:
Holonomic Difference Equations in Several Variables and Asymptotic Expansion / 4.2:
Holonomic Difference Equations of First Order / 4.2.1:
Formal Asymptotic Expansion / 4.2.2:
Normal Form of Asymptotic Expansion / 4.2.3:
Existence Theorem (ii) / 4.2.4:
Connection Problem / 4.2.5:
Remark on 1-Cocyles / 4.2.6:
Gauss' Contiguous Relations / 4.2.8:
Saddle Point Method and Asymptotic Expansion / 4.2.9:
Contracting (Expanding) Twisted Cycles and Asymptotic Expansion / 4.3:
Twisted Cohomology / 4.3.1:
Saddle Point Method for Multi-Dimensional Case / 4.3.2:
Complete Kähler Metric / 4.3.3:
Gradient Vector Field / 4.3.4:
Critical Points / 4.3.5:
Vanishing Theorem (iii) / 4.3.6:
Application of the Morse Theory / 4.3.7:
n-Dimensional Lagrangian Cycles / 4.3.8:
n-Dimensional Twisted Cycles / 4.3.9:
Geometric Meaning of Asymptotic Expansion / 4.3.10:
Difference Equations Satisfied by the Hypergeometric Functions of Type (n + l, m +1; ?) / 4.4:
Derivation of Difference Equations / 4.4.1:
Asymptotic Expansion with a Fixed Direction / 4.4.3:
Non-Degeneracy of Period Matrix / 4.4.4:
Connection Problem of System of Difference Equations / 4.5:
Formulation / 4.5.1:
The Case of Appell-Lauricella Hypergeometric Functions / 4.5.2:
Mellin's Generalized Hypergeometric Functions / A:
Toric Multinomial Theorem / A.1:
Differential Equations of Mellin Type / A.4:
b-Functions / A.6:
Action of Algebraic Torus / A.7:
Vector Fields of Torus Action / A.8:
Lattice Defined by the Characters / A.9:
G-G-Z Equation / A.10:
The Selberg Integral and Hypergeometric Function of BC Type / A.11:
Selberg's Integral / B.1:
Generalization to Correlation Functions / B.2:
Monodromy Representation of Hypergeometric Functions of Type (2, m + 1; ?) / C:
Isotopic Deformation and Monodromy / C.1:
KZ Equation (Toshitake Kohno) / D:
Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov Equation / D.1:
Review of Conformal Field Theory / D.2:
Connection Matrices of KZ Equation / D.3:
Iwahori-Hecke Algebra and Quasi-Hopf Algebras / D.4:
Kontsevich Integral and Its Application / D.5:
Integral Representation of Solutions of the KZ Equation / D.6:
References
Index
Introduction: the Euler-Gauss Hypergeometric Function / 1:
?-Function / 1.1:
Infinite-Product Representation Due to Euler / 1.1.1:
10.
EB
Dieter Fensel, Federico Michele Facca, Elena Simperl, Ioan Toma
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Scientific and Technological Foundations of Semantic Web Services / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Web Science / 2:
Motivation / 2.1:
Technical Solution / 2.2:
History of the Web / 2.2.1:
Building the Web / 2.2.2:
Web in Society / 2.2.3:
Operationalizing the Web Science for a World of International Commerce / 2.2.4:
Analyzing the Web / 2.2.5:
Web 2.0 / 2.3:
Conclusions / 2.4:
References
Service Science / 3:
What Is a Service? / 3.1:
Service Analysis, Design, Development and Testing / 3.3:
Service Orchestration, Composition and Delivery / 3.4:
Service Innovation / 3.5:
Service Design Approach / 3.6:
Service Pricing Method and Economics / 3.7:
Service Quality Measurement / 3.8:
Service Technologies / 3.9:
Service Application / 3.10:
Web Services / 3.11:
Service Oriented Computing (SOC) / 4.1:
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) / 4.1.2:
Defining Web Services / 4.2:
Web Service Technologies / 4.2.2:
Illustration by a Larger Example / 4.3:
Summary / 4.4:
Exercises / 4.5:
Web2.0 and RESTful Services / 5:
REST / 5.1:
Describing RESTful Services / 5.2.2:
Data Exchange for RESTful Services / 5.2.3:
AJAX APIs / 5.2.4:
Examples of RESTful Services / 5.2.5:
Semantic Web / 5.3:
Extensions / 6.1:
Web Service Modeling Ontology Approach / 6.4:
Web Service Modeling Ontology / 7:
Ontologies / 7.1:
Goals / 7.2.2:
Mediators / 7.2.4:
The Web Service Modeling Language / 7.3:
Principles of WSMO / 8.1:
Logics Families and Semantic Web Services / 8.1.2:
WSML Language Variants / 8.2:
WSML Basis / 8.2.2:
Ontologies in WSML / 8.2.3:
Web Services in WSML / 8.2.4:
Goals in WSML / 8.2.5:
Mediators in WSML / 8.2.6:
Technologies for Using WSML / 8.2.7:
Travel Ontology / 8.3:
Services / 8.4.2:
Goal / 8.4.3:
The Web Service Execution Environment / 8.5:
Service Orientation / 9.1:
Execution Environment for Semantic Web Services / 9.1.2:
Governing Principles / 9.1.3:
SESA Vision / 9.2:
SESA Middleware / 9.2.2:
SESA Execution Semantics / 9.2.3:
Modeling of Business Services / 9.3:
Execution of Services / 9.3.2:
Possible Extensions / 9.4:
Goal Subscription / 9.4.1:
Complementary Approaches for Web Service Modeling Ontology / 9.5:
Triple Space Computing for Semantic Web Services / 10:
Tuplespace Computing / 10.1:
Triple Space Computing / 10.2.2:
Triple Space Conceptual Models / 10.2.3:
Triple Space Architecture / 10.2.4:
Triple Space and Semantic Web Services / 10.2.5:
Triple Space and Semantic SOA / 10.2.6:
OWL-S and Other Approaches / 10.3:
OWL-S / 11.2.1:
Service Profile
Service Grounding / 11.2.2:
Service Model / 11.2.3:
An Extension to OWL-S / 11.2.4:
Tool Support / 11.2.5:
OWL-S Summary / 11.2.6:
METEOR-S / 11.3:
Semantic Annotation of Web services / 11.3.1:
Semantics-Based Discovery of Web Services / 11.3.2:
Composition of Web Services / 11.3.3:
METEOR-S Summary / 11.3.4:
IRS-III / 11.4:
Discovery, Selection and Mediation / 11.4.1:
Communication / 11.4.2:
Choreography and Orchestration / 11.4.3:
Lightweight Semantic Web Service Descriptions / 11.5:
SAWSDL / 12.1:
WSMO-Lite Service Semantics / 12.2.2:
WSMO-Lite in SAWSDL / 12.2.3:
WSMO-Lite for RESTful Services / 12.2.4:
Real-World Adoption of Semantic Web Services / 12.3:
What Are SWS Good for? DIP, SUPER, and SOA4All Use Cases / 13:
Data, Information, and Process Integration with Semantic Web Services (DIP) / 13.1:
Use Cases / 13.2.1:
Semantics Utilized for Process Management Within and Between Enterprises (SUPER) / 13.3:
Service Oriented Architectures for All (SOA4All) / 13.3.1:
Seekda: The Business Point of View / 13.4.1:
Crawler / 14.1:
Search Engine / 14.2.2:
Bundle Configurator and Assistant / 14.2.3:
Index / 14.3:
Scientific and Technological Foundations of Semantic Web Services / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Web Science / 2:
11.
EB
Dieter Fensel, Federico Michele Facca, Elena Simperl, Ioan Toma
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Scientific and Technological Foundations of Semantic Web Services / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Web Science / 2:
Motivation / 2.1:
Technical Solution / 2.2:
History of the Web / 2.2.1:
Building the Web / 2.2.2:
Web in Society / 2.2.3:
Operationalizing the Web Science for a World of International Commerce / 2.2.4:
Analyzing the Web / 2.2.5:
Web 2.0 / 2.3:
Conclusions / 2.4:
References
Service Science / 3:
What Is a Service? / 3.1:
Service Analysis, Design, Development and Testing / 3.3:
Service Orchestration, Composition and Delivery / 3.4:
Service Innovation / 3.5:
Service Design Approach / 3.6:
Service Pricing Method and Economics / 3.7:
Service Quality Measurement / 3.8:
Service Technologies / 3.9:
Service Application / 3.10:
Web Services / 3.11:
Service Oriented Computing (SOC) / 4.1:
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) / 4.1.2:
Defining Web Services / 4.2:
Web Service Technologies / 4.2.2:
Illustration by a Larger Example / 4.3:
Summary / 4.4:
Exercises / 4.5:
Web2.0 and RESTful Services / 5:
REST / 5.1:
Describing RESTful Services / 5.2.2:
Data Exchange for RESTful Services / 5.2.3:
AJAX APIs / 5.2.4:
Examples of RESTful Services / 5.2.5:
Semantic Web / 5.3:
Extensions / 6.1:
Web Service Modeling Ontology Approach / 6.4:
Web Service Modeling Ontology / 7:
Ontologies / 7.1:
Goals / 7.2.2:
Mediators / 7.2.4:
The Web Service Modeling Language / 7.3:
Principles of WSMO / 8.1:
Logics Families and Semantic Web Services / 8.1.2:
WSML Language Variants / 8.2:
WSML Basis / 8.2.2:
Ontologies in WSML / 8.2.3:
Web Services in WSML / 8.2.4:
Goals in WSML / 8.2.5:
Mediators in WSML / 8.2.6:
Technologies for Using WSML / 8.2.7:
Travel Ontology / 8.3:
Services / 8.4.2:
Goal / 8.4.3:
The Web Service Execution Environment / 8.5:
Service Orientation / 9.1:
Execution Environment for Semantic Web Services / 9.1.2:
Governing Principles / 9.1.3:
SESA Vision / 9.2:
SESA Middleware / 9.2.2:
SESA Execution Semantics / 9.2.3:
Modeling of Business Services / 9.3:
Execution of Services / 9.3.2:
Possible Extensions / 9.4:
Goal Subscription / 9.4.1:
Complementary Approaches for Web Service Modeling Ontology / 9.5:
Triple Space Computing for Semantic Web Services / 10:
Tuplespace Computing / 10.1:
Triple Space Computing / 10.2.2:
Triple Space Conceptual Models / 10.2.3:
Triple Space Architecture / 10.2.4:
Triple Space and Semantic Web Services / 10.2.5:
Triple Space and Semantic SOA / 10.2.6:
OWL-S and Other Approaches / 10.3:
OWL-S / 11.2.1:
Service Profile
Service Grounding / 11.2.2:
Service Model / 11.2.3:
An Extension to OWL-S / 11.2.4:
Tool Support / 11.2.5:
OWL-S Summary / 11.2.6:
METEOR-S / 11.3:
Semantic Annotation of Web services / 11.3.1:
Semantics-Based Discovery of Web Services / 11.3.2:
Composition of Web Services / 11.3.3:
METEOR-S Summary / 11.3.4:
IRS-III / 11.4:
Discovery, Selection and Mediation / 11.4.1:
Communication / 11.4.2:
Choreography and Orchestration / 11.4.3:
Lightweight Semantic Web Service Descriptions / 11.5:
SAWSDL / 12.1:
WSMO-Lite Service Semantics / 12.2.2:
WSMO-Lite in SAWSDL / 12.2.3:
WSMO-Lite for RESTful Services / 12.2.4:
Real-World Adoption of Semantic Web Services / 12.3:
What Are SWS Good for? DIP, SUPER, and SOA4All Use Cases / 13:
Data, Information, and Process Integration with Semantic Web Services (DIP) / 13.1:
Use Cases / 13.2.1:
Semantics Utilized for Process Management Within and Between Enterprises (SUPER) / 13.3:
Service Oriented Architectures for All (SOA4All) / 13.3.1:
Seekda: The Business Point of View / 13.4.1:
Crawler / 14.1:
Search Engine / 14.2.2:
Bundle Configurator and Assistant / 14.2.3:
Index / 14.3:
Scientific and Technological Foundations of Semantic Web Services / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Web Science / 2:
12.
EB
Henk Broer, Floris Takens
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer New York, 2011
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Examples and definitions of dynamical phenomena / 1:
The pendulum as a dynamical system / 1.1:
The free pendulum / 1.1.1:
The free undamped pendulum / 1.1.1.1:
The free damped pendulum / 1.1.1.2:
The forced pendulum / 1.1.2:
Summary and outlook / 1.1.3:
General definition of dynamical systems / 1.2:
Differential equations / 1.2.1:
Constructions of dynamical systems / 1.2.2:
Restriction / 1.2.2.1:
Discretisation / 1.2.2.2:
Suspension and poincaré map / 1.2.2.3:
Further examples of dynamical systems / 1.3:
A Hopf bifurcation in the Van der Pol equation / 1.3.1:
The Van der Pol equation / 1.3.1.1:
Hopf bifurcation / 1.3.1.2:
The Hénon map: Saddle points and separatrices / 1.3.2:
The logistic system: Bifurcation diagrams / 1.3.3:
The Newton algorithm / 1.3.4:
R U {∞} as a circle: Stereographic projection / 1.3.4.1:
Applicability of the Newton algorithm / 1.3.4.2:
Nonconvergent Newton algorithm / 3.3.4.1:
Newton algorithm in higher dimensions
Dynamical systems defined by partial differential equations / 1.3.5:
The 1-dimensional wave equation / 1.3.5.1:
Solution of the 1-dimensional wave equation / 1.3.5.2:
The 1-dimensional heat equation / 3.3.5.3:
The Lorenz attractor / 1.3.6:
The Lorenz system; the Lorenz attractor / 1.3.6.1:
Sensitive dependence on initial state / 1.3.6.2:
The Rössler attractor; Poincaré map / 1.3.7:
The Rössler system / 1.3.7.1:
The attractor of the Poincaré map / 1.3.7.2:
The doubling map and chaos / 1.3.8:
The doubling map on the interval / 1.3.8.1:
The doubling map on the circle / 1.3.8.2:
The doubling map in symbolic dynamics / 1.3.8.3:
Analysis of the doubling map in symbolic form / 1.3.8.4:
General shifts / 1.3.9:
Exercises / 1.4:
Qualitative properties and predictability of evolutions / 2:
Stationary and periodic evolutions / 2.1:
Predictability of periodic and stationary motions / 2.1.1:
Asymptotically and eventually periodic evolutions / 2.1.2:
Multi- and quasi-periodic evolutions / 2.2:
The n-dimensional torus / 2.2.1:
Translations on a torus / 2.2.2:
Translation systems on the 1 -dimensional torus / 2.2.2.1:
Translation systems on the 2-dimensional torus with time set R / 2.2.2.2:
Translation systems on the n-dimensional torus with time set R / 2.2.2.3:
Translation systems on the n-dimensional torus with time set Z or Z+ / 2.2.2.4:
General definition of multi- and quasi-periodic evolutions / 2.2.3:
Multi- and quasi-periodic subsystems / 2.2.3.1:
Example: The driven Van der Pol equation / 2.2.3.2:
The prediction principle l'histoire se répète / 2.2.4:
The general principle / 2.2.4.1:
Application to quasi-periodic evolutions / 2.2.4.2:
Historical remarks / 2.2.5:
Chaotic evolutions / 2.3:
Badly predictable (chaotic) evolutions of the doubling map / 2.3.1:
Definition of dispersion exponent and chaos / 2.3.2:
Properties of the dispersion exponent / 2.3.3:
'Transition' from quasi-periodic to stochastic / 2.3.3.1:
'Transition' from periodic to chaotic / 2.3.3.2:
'Transition' from chaotic to stochastic / 2.3.3.3:
Chaotic evolutions in the examples of Chapter 1 / 2.3.4:
Chaotic evolutions of the Thom map / 2.3.5:
Persistence of dynamical properties / 2.4:
Variation of initial state / 3.1:
Variation of parameters / 3.2:
Persistence of stationary and periodic evolutions / 3.3:
Persistence of stationary evolutions / 3.3.1:
Persistence of periodic evolutions / 3.3.2:
Persistence for the doubling map / 3.4:
Perturbations of the doubling map: Persistent chaoticity / 3.4.1:
Structural stability / 3.4.2:
The doubling map modelling a (fair) coin / 3.4.3:
Global structure of dynamical systems / 3.5:
Definitions / 4.1:
Examples of attractors / 4.2:
The doubling map and hyperbolic attractors / 4.2.1:
The doubling map on the plane / 4.2.1.1:
The doubling map in 3-space: The solenoid / 4.2.1.2:
Digression on hyperbolicity / 4.2.1.3:
The solenoid as a hyperbolic attractor / 4.2.1.4:
Properties of hyperbolic attractors / 4.2.1.5:
Nonhyperbolic attractors / 4.2.2:
Hénon-like attractors / 4.2.2.1:
Chaotic systems / 4.2.2.2:
Basin boundaries and the horseshoe map / 4.4:
Gradient systems / 4.4.1:
The horseshoe map / 4.4.2:
Symbolic dynamics / 4.4.2.1:
Horseshoelike sets in basin boundaries / 4.4.2.2:
On KAM theory / 4.5:
Introduction, setting of the problem / 5.1:
KAM theory of circle maps / 5.2:
Preliminaries / 5.2.1:
Formal considerations and small divisors / 5.2.2:
Resonance tongues / 5.2.3:
KAM theory of area-preserving maps / 5.3:
KAM theory of holomorphic maps / 5.4:
Complex linearisation / 5.4.1:
Cremer's example in Herman's version / 5.4.2:
The linear small divisor problem / 5.5:
Motivation / 5.5.1:
Setting of the problem and formal solution / 5.5.2:
Convergence / 5.5.3:
Reconstruction and time series analysis / 5.6:
Introduction / 6.1:
An experimental example: The dripping faucet / 6.2:
The reconstruction theorem / 6.3:
Generalisations / 6.3.1:
Continuous time / 6.3.1.1:
Multidimensional measurements / 6.3.1.2:
Endomorphisms / 6.3.1.3:
Compactness / 6.3.1.4:
Historical note / 6.3.2:
Reconstruction and detecting determinism / 6.4:
Box-counting dimension and its numerical estimation / 6.4.1:
Numerical estimation of the box-counting dimension / 6.4.2:
Box-counting dimension as an indication for 'thin' subsets / 6.4.3:
Estimation of topological entropy / 6.4.4:
Stationarity and reconstruction measures / 6.5:
Probability measures defined by relative frequencies / 6.5.1:
Definition of stationarity and reconstruction measures / 6.5.2:
Examples of nonexistence of reconstruction measures / 6.5.3:
Correlation dimensions and entropies / 6.6:
Miscellaneous remarks / 6.6.1:
Compatibility of the definitions of dimension and entropy with reconstruction / 6.6.2.1:
Generalised correlation integrals, dimensions, and entropies / 6.6.2.2:
Numerical estimation of correlation integrals, dimensions, entropies / 6.7:
Classical time series analysis, correlation integrals, and predictability / 6.8:
Classical time series analysis / 6.8.1:
Optimal linear predictors / 6.8.1.1:
Gaussian time series / 6.8.1.2:
Determinism and Autocovariances / 6.8.2:
Predictability and correlation integrals / 6.8.3:
L'histoire se répète / 6.8.3.1:
Local linear predictors / 6.8.3.2:
Miscellaneous subjects / 6.9:
Lyapunov exponents / 6.9.1:
Estimation of Lyapunov exponents from a time series / 6.9.2:
The Kantz-Diks test: Discriminating between time series and testing for reversibility / 6.9.3:
Differential topology and measure theory / 6.10:
Topology / A.1:
Differentiable manifolds / A.2:
Measure theory / A.3:
Miscellaneous KAM theory / Appendix B:
Classical (conservative) KAM theory / B.1:
Dissipative KAM theory / B.3:
On the KAM proof in the dissipative case / B.4:
Reformulation and some notation / B.4.1:
On the Newtonian iteration / B.4.2:
Miscellaneous bifurcations / B.5:
Local bifurcations of low codimension / C.1:
Saddle-node bifurcation / C.1.1:
Period doubling bifurcation / C.1.2:
Hopf-Neimark-Sacker bifurcation / C.1.3:
The center-saddle bifurcation / C.1.5:
Quasi-periodic bifurcations / C.2:
The quasi-periodic center-saddle bifurcation / C.2.1:
The quasi-periodic Hopf bifurcation / C.2.2:
Transition to chaos / C.3:
Derivation of the Lorenz equations / C.4:
Geometry and flow of an incompressible fluid / D.1:
Heat transport and the influence of temperature / D.2:
Rayleigh stability analysis / D.3:
Restriction to a 3-dimensionaI state space / D.4:
Guide to the literature / Appendix E:
General references / E.1:
On ergodic theory / E.2:
On Hamiltonian dynamics / E.3:
On normal forms and bifurcations / E.4:
Bibliography
Index
Examples and definitions of dynamical phenomena / 1:
The pendulum as a dynamical system / 1.1:
The free pendulum / 1.1.1:
13.
EB
John Daniel Aycock
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer US, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
Definitions and History / 1.1:
Motivation / 1.2:
Getting There / 2:
Installation / 2.1:
Explicit, Voluntary Installation / 2.1.1:
Drive-by Downloads, User Involvement / 2.1.2:
Drive-by Downloads, No User Involvement / 2.1.3:
Installation via Malware / 2.1.4:
Startup / 2.2:
Application-Specific Startup / 2.2.1:
GUI Startup / 2.2.2:
System Startup / 2.2.3:
Kernel Startup / 2.2.4:
Defenses / 2.2.5:
Staying There / 3:
Avoiding Detection / 3.1:
Basic Detection Avoidance / 3.1.1:
Anti-Spyware / 3.1.2:
Advanced Detection Avoidance: Rootkits / 3.1.3:
Avoiding Uninstall / 3.2:
Passive Avoidance / 3.2.1:
Active Avoidance / 3.2.2:
Keylogging / 4:
User Space Keylogging / 4.1:
Polling / 4.1.1:
Event Copying / 4.1.2:
Event Monitoring / 4.1.3:
User Space Keylogging Defenses / 4.2:
Authentication / 4.3:
Phoning Home / 5:
Push vs. Pull / 5.1:
Finding Home / 5.2:
Steganography / 5.3:
Information Leaking Defenses / 5.4:
Advertising / 6:
Types of Advertisement / 6.1:
Banner Advertisement / 6.1.1:
Banner Advertisement with Pull-down Menu / 6.1.2:
Expandable Banner Advertisement / 6.1.3:
Pushdown Banner Advertisement / 6.1.4:
Pop-up Advertisement / 6.1.5:
Pop-under Advertisement / 6.1.6:
Floating Advertisement / 6.1.7:
Tear-back Advertisement / 6.1.8:
In-text Advertisement / 6.1.9:
Transition Advertisement / 6.1.10:
Video Advertisements / 6.1.11:
Intent and Content / 6.2:
Advertisement Implementation / 7:
Implementation Location / 7.1:
Implementation on the User Machine / 7.1.1:
Implementation in the Network / 7.1.2:
Implementation near the User Machine / 7.1.3:
Implementation on the Server / 7.1.4:
Choosing Keywords / 7.2:
Blocking Advertisements / 7.3:
Pop-up Blocking / 7.3.1:
General Advertisement Blocking / 7.3.2:
Blocker Evasion and Blocker Blocking / 7.3.3:
Tracking Users
Cookies / 8.1:
Other Browser-Related Tracking Methods / 8.1.1:
User Profiling / 8.2:
Cognitive Styles, Mood, and Personality / 8.2.1:
Future Actions / 8.2.2:
Demographic Information / 8.2.3:
Social Networks / 8.2.4:
Real World Activities / 8.2.5:
Physical of Location / 8.2.6:
Search Terms and keywords / 8.2.7:
Disinterests / 8.2.8:
Conclusion / 9:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Definitions and History / 1.1:
Motivation / 1.2:
14.
EB
Hern??ndez-cordero
出版情報:
SPIE Digital Library Proceedings , 2010
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15.
EB
John Daniel Aycock
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer US, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
Definitions and History / 1.1:
Motivation / 1.2:
Getting There / 2:
Installation / 2.1:
Explicit, Voluntary Installation / 2.1.1:
Drive-by Downloads, User Involvement / 2.1.2:
Drive-by Downloads, No User Involvement / 2.1.3:
Installation via Malware / 2.1.4:
Startup / 2.2:
Application-Specific Startup / 2.2.1:
GUI Startup / 2.2.2:
System Startup / 2.2.3:
Kernel Startup / 2.2.4:
Defenses / 2.2.5:
Staying There / 3:
Avoiding Detection / 3.1:
Basic Detection Avoidance / 3.1.1:
Anti-Spyware / 3.1.2:
Advanced Detection Avoidance: Rootkits / 3.1.3:
Avoiding Uninstall / 3.2:
Passive Avoidance / 3.2.1:
Active Avoidance / 3.2.2:
Keylogging / 4:
User Space Keylogging / 4.1:
Polling / 4.1.1:
Event Copying / 4.1.2:
Event Monitoring / 4.1.3:
User Space Keylogging Defenses / 4.2:
Authentication / 4.3:
Phoning Home / 5:
Push vs. Pull / 5.1:
Finding Home / 5.2:
Steganography / 5.3:
Information Leaking Defenses / 5.4:
Advertising / 6:
Types of Advertisement / 6.1:
Banner Advertisement / 6.1.1:
Banner Advertisement with Pull-down Menu / 6.1.2:
Expandable Banner Advertisement / 6.1.3:
Pushdown Banner Advertisement / 6.1.4:
Pop-up Advertisement / 6.1.5:
Pop-under Advertisement / 6.1.6:
Floating Advertisement / 6.1.7:
Tear-back Advertisement / 6.1.8:
In-text Advertisement / 6.1.9:
Transition Advertisement / 6.1.10:
Video Advertisements / 6.1.11:
Intent and Content / 6.2:
Advertisement Implementation / 7:
Implementation Location / 7.1:
Implementation on the User Machine / 7.1.1:
Implementation in the Network / 7.1.2:
Implementation near the User Machine / 7.1.3:
Implementation on the Server / 7.1.4:
Choosing Keywords / 7.2:
Blocking Advertisements / 7.3:
Pop-up Blocking / 7.3.1:
General Advertisement Blocking / 7.3.2:
Blocker Evasion and Blocker Blocking / 7.3.3:
Tracking Users
Cookies / 8.1:
Other Browser-Related Tracking Methods / 8.1.1:
User Profiling / 8.2:
Cognitive Styles, Mood, and Personality / 8.2.1:
Future Actions / 8.2.2:
Demographic Information / 8.2.3:
Social Networks / 8.2.4:
Real World Activities / 8.2.5:
Physical of Location / 8.2.6:
Search Terms and keywords / 8.2.7:
Disinterests / 8.2.8:
Conclusion / 9:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Definitions and History / 1.1:
Motivation / 1.2:
16.
図書
Edward Bellinger and David C. Sigee
出版情報:
Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 viii, 271 p ; 26 cm
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Introduction to freshwater algae / 1:
General introduction / 1.1:
Algae / 1.1.1:
Algae as primary producers / 1.1.2:
Freshwater environments / 1.1.3:
Planktonic and benthic algae / 1.1.4:
Size and shape / 1.1.5:
Taxonomic variation / 1.2:
Microscopical appearance / 1.2.1:
Biochemistry / 1.2.2:
Molecular characteristics and identification / 1.2.3:
Blue-green algae / 1.3:
Cytology / 1.3.1:
Morphological and taxonomic diversity / 1.3.2:
Ecology / 1.3.3:
Blue-green algae as bioindicators / 1.3.4:
Green algae / 1.4:
Morphological diversity / 1.4.1:
Green algae as bioindicators / 1.4.3:
Euglenoids / 1.5:
Euglenoids as bioindicators / 1.5.1:
Yellow-green algae / 1.6:
Yellow-green algae as bioindicators / 1.6.1:
Dinoflagellates / 1.7:
Cryptomonads / 1.7.1:
Comparison with euglenoid algae / 1.8.1:
Biodiversity / 1.8.3:
Cryptomonads as bioindicators / 1.8.4:
Chrysophytes / 1.9:
Chrysophytes as bioindicators / 1.9.1:
Diatoms / 1.10:
Diatoms as bioindicators / 1.10.1:
Red algae / 1.11:
Brown algae / 1.12:
Sampling, biomass estimation and counts of freshwater algae A Planktonic algae / 2:
Protocol for collection / 2.1:
Standing water phytoplankton / 2.1.1:
River phytoplankton
Mode of collection / 2.2:
Phytoplankton trawl net / 2.2.1:
Volume samplers / 2.2.2:
Integrated sampling / 2.2.3:
Sediment traps / 2.2.4:
Phytoplankton biomass / 2.3:
Turbidity / 2.3.1:
Dry weight and ash-free dry weight / 2.3.2:
Pigment concentrations / 2.3.3:
Flow cytometry / 2.4:
Microscope counts of species populations / 2.5:
Sample preservation and processing / 2.5.1:
Species counts / 2.5.2:
Conversion of species counts to biovolumes / 2.5.3:
Chemical cleaning of diatoms / 2.5.4:
Diversity within species populations / 2.6:
Molecular analysis / 2.6.1:
Analytical microscopical techniques B Non-planktonic algae / 2.6.2:
Deep water benthic algae / 2.7:
Benthic-pelagic coupling / 2.7.1:
Benthic algae and sediment stability / 2.7.2:
Invertebrate grazing of benthic algae / 2.7.3:
Shallow water communities / 2.8:
Substrate / 2.8.1:
Algal communities / 2.8.2:
Algal biofilms / 2.9:
Mucialginous biofilms / 2.9.1:
Biomass / 2.9.2:
Taxonomic composition / 2.9.3:
Matrix structure / 2.9.4:
Periphyton? algal mats / 2.10:
Inorganic substratum / 2.10.1:
Plant surfaces / 2.10.2:
Algae as bioindicators / 3:
Bioindicators and water quality / 3.1:
Biomarkers and bioindicators / 3.1.1:
Characteristics of bioindicators / 3.1.2:
Biological monitoring versus chemical measurements / 3.1.3:
Monitoring water quality: objectives / 3.1.4:
Lakes / 3.2:
Contemporary planktonic and attached algae as bioindicators / 3.2.1:
Fossil algae as bioindicators: lake sediment analysis / 3.2.2:
Water quality parameters / 3.2.3:
Wetlands / 3.3:
Rivers / 3.4:
The periphyton community / 3.4.1:
River diatoms / 3.4.2:
Evaluation of the diatom community / 3.4.3:
Human impacts and diatom indices / 3.4.4:
Calculation of diatom indices / 3.4.5:
Practical applications of diatom indices / 3.4.6:
Estuaries / 3.5:
Ecosystem complexity / 3.5.1:
Algae as estuarine bioindicators / 3.5.2:
A key to the more frequently occurring freshwater algae / 4:
Introduction to the key / 4.1:
Using the key / 4.1.1:
Morphological groupings / 4.1.2:
Key to the main genera and species / 4.2:
List of algae included and their occurrence in the key / 4.3:
Algal identification: bibliography / 4.4:
Glossary
References
Index
Introduction to freshwater algae / 1:
General introduction / 1.1:
Algae / 1.1.1:
17.
EB
Haidou Wang, Binshi Xu
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Dordrecht : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012
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Solid Lubrication Materials / Chapter 1:
Overview of Solid Lubrication / 1.1:
Introduction / 1.1.1:
Adhesive Wear and Scuffing of Metals and Methods of Prevention / 1.1.2:
Solid Lubrication / 1.1.3:
Soft Metal / 1.2:
Crystal Structure / 1.2.1:
Physical and Chemical Properties / 1.2.2:
Lubrication Mechanism / 1.2.3:
Metal Compounds / 1.3:
FeS / 1.3.1:
MoS2 / 1.3.2:
WS2 / 1.3.3:
ZnS / 1.3.4:
Inorganic Solid Lubricant / 1.4:
Graphite / 1.4.1:
BN / 1.4.2:
Organic Solid Lubricant / 1.5:
Polytetrafluoroethylene / 1.5.1:
Polythene / 1.5.2:
Nylon / 1.5.3:
Polyformaldehyde / 1.5.4:
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin / 1.5.5:
Epoxide Resin / 1.5.6:
Conclusion / 1.6:
References
Solid Lubrication FeS Film Prepared by Ion Sulfuration / Chapter 2:
The Microstructure of Solid FeS / 2.1:
Surface Morphologies of Solid FeS / 2.1.1:
Phase Structures of Solid FeS / 2.1.2:
TEM Morphologies of Solid FeS / 2.1.3:
Analysis of Electron Diffraction / 2.1.4:
The Formation of Iron Sulfuration Layer / 2.2:
Experimental Methods / 2.2.1:
Surface Morphologies of Sulfuration Layers / 2.2.2:
Composition on the Sulfurized Steel Surface / 2.2.3:
Phase Structure of Sulfide Layer at Different Sulfurizing Time / 2.2.4:
Formation Mechanism of Sulfurized Layer / 2.2.5:
Characterization of Ion Sulfurized Layer / 2.3:
Characterization of Sulfurized Layer on 1045 and 52100 Steels / 2.3.1:
Characterization of Sulfurized Layer on Four Kinds of Steels / 2.3.2:
Tribological Properties of Sulfurized Layers / 2.4:
Tribological Properties of Sulfurized Layers on 1045 and 52100 Steels / 2.4.1:
Tribological Properties of Sulfide Layer on Four Kinds of Steel / 2.4.2:
Influencing Factors of the Microstructures and Tribological Properties on Sulfurized Layers / 2.5:
Effect of the Substrate State on the Sulfide Layer on 1045 Steel / 2.5.1:
Effect of Environment Temperature on the Sulfurized Layer on 52100 Steel / 2.5.2:
Effect of Wear Conditions on the Tribological Behaviors of Sulfurized Layer on 52100 Steel / 2.5.3:
FeS Solid Lubrication Film Prepared by a Two-step Method / Chapter 3:
Radio-frequency (RF) Sputtering + Sulfurizing Combined Treatment / 3.1:
RF Sputtering Technology / 3.1.1:
Process of Preparation / 3.1.2:
Microstructures / 3.1.3:
Tribological Properties / 3.1.4:
Shot-peening + Ion Sulfuration Combined Treatment / 3.2:
Preparation / 3.2.1:
Characterization / 3.2.2:
Tribological Properties of Sulfide Layer / 3.2.3:
Nitriding + Sulfurizing Combined Treatment / 3.3:
1045 Steel Nitriding + Sulfurizing Combined Treatment / 3.3.1:
Gray Cast-iron Nitriding + Sulfurizing Combined Treatment / 3.3.2:
Nitrocarburizing + Sulfurizing Combined Treatment / 3.4:
Thermal Spraying 3Crl3 Steel Coating + Sulfurizing Combined Treatment / 3.5:
Arc Spraying Technology / 3.5.1:
High-velocity Arc Spraying / 3.5.2:
Thermal Spraying FeCrBSi + Sulfurizing Combined Treatment / 3.5.3:
MTG (metal inert-gas) Welding + Sulfurizing Combined Treatment / 3.6.1:
MIG Welding Technology / 3.7.1:
Structures / 3.7.2:
Mechanism of FeS Film Prepared by Different Methods / 3.7.4:
FeS Solid Lubrication Layer Prepared by Other Methods / Chapter 4:
High-velocity Flame Sprayed FeS Coating / 4.1:
High-velocity Flame Spraying Technology / 4.1.1:
Tribological Properties of FeS Coating / 4.1.2:
Lubrication Mechanism of Sprayed FeS Coating / 4.1.5:
Plasma Sprayed FeS and FeS2 Coatings / 4.2:
Plasma Spraying Technique / 4.2.1:
Preparation of FeS (FeS2 ) Coating / 4.2.2:
Characterization of FeS (FeS2 ) Coating / 4.2.3:
Tribological Properties of FeS (FeS2 ) Coating / 4.2.4:
Plasma Sprayed Nano-FeS and FeS-SiC Composite Coating / 4.3:
Plasma Sprayed Nano-FeS Coating / 4.3.1:
Sprayed FeS-SiC Composite Coating / 4.3.2:
Comparison of the Tribological Properties of Ion Sulfurized Layer and Plasma Sprayed FeS Coating / 4.4:
Experimental Method / 4.4.1:
Microstructure and Tribological Properties / 4.4.2:
Sol-gel FeS Coating / 4.5:
FeS Film Prepared by S-ion Implantation / 4.5.1:
Ion Implantation Technology / 4.6.1:
Tribological Properties of Sulfur-implanted Steel / 4.6.2:
Micron-nano MoS2 Solid Lubrication Film / Chapter 5:
MoS2 Film / 5.1:
MoS2 Sputtering Film / 5.1.1:
MoS2 Film Prepared by Two-step Method / 5.1.2:
Thermal Spraying MoS2 Film / 5.1.3:
Bonded MoS2 Film / 5.1.4:
Inorganic Fullerene-like Nano MoS2 Film / 5.1.5:
MoS2 /metal Co-deposition / 5.2:
MoS2 /Ni Composite Film / 5.2.1:
MoS2 /Ti Composite Film / 5.2.2:
MoS2 /Au Co-sputtered Film / 5.2.3:
MoS2 /Metal Compound Composite Film / 5.3:
MoS2 /TiN Composite Film / 5.3.1:
MoS2 /Pb2 O3 Composite Film / 5.3.2:
MoS2 /LaF3 Composite Film / 5.3.3:
MoS2 /FeS Multilayer Film / 5.3.4:
MoS2 /graphite Sputtered Coating / 5.4:
Micron-nano WS2 Solid Lubrication Film / Chapter 6:
WS2 Film / 6.1:
Characterizations of the Synthetic WS2 Film / 6.1.1:
Tribological Properties of the Synthetic WS2 Film / 6.1.2:
WS2 /Ag Composite Film / 6.2:
Structures of WS2 /Ag Composite Film / 6.2.1:
Tribological Properties of the WS2 /Ag Composite Film / 6.2.2:
WS2 /MoS2 Multilayer Film / 6.3:
WS2 /MoS2 Co-sputtered Film / 6.3.1:
WS2 /MoS2 Multilayer Film Prepared by Combined Treatment / 6.3.2:
WS2 /CaF2 Composite Coating / 6.4:
Ni-P-(IF-WS2 ) Composite Film / 6.5:
Micron-nano ZnS Solid Lubrication Film / Chapter 7:
ZnS Film Prepared by High Velocity Arc Spraying + Sulfurizing Treatment / 7.1:
Characterizations / 7.1.1:
Tribe-logical Properties / 7.1.3:
Lubrication Mechanisms of the Zn/ZnS Composite Layer / 7.1.4:
ZnS Film Prepared by Nano-brush Plating + Sulfurizing Treatment / 7.2:
Morphologies / 7.2.1:
Friction Coefficient / 7.2.3:
Worn Morphologies / 7.2.4:
Energy Spectrum Analysis / 7.2.5:
Index / 7.3:
Solid Lubrication Materials / Chapter 1:
Overview of Solid Lubrication / 1.1:
Introduction / 1.1.1:
18.
EB
Rainer B?hme
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1:
Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences / 1.1:
Objective and Approach / 1.2:
Outline / 1.3:
Background and Advances in Theory / Part I:
Principles of Modern Steganography and Steganalysis / 2:
Digital Steganography and Steganalysis / 2.1:
Steganographic System / 2.1.1:
Steganalysis / 2.1.2:
Relevance in Social and Academic Contexts / 2.1.3:
Conventions / 2.2:
Design Goals and Metrics / 2.3:
Capacity / 2.3.1:
Steganographic Security / 2.3.2:
Robustness / 2.3.3:
Further Metrics / 2.3.4:
Paradigms for the Design of Steganographic Systems / 2.4:
Paradigm I: Modify with Caution / 2.4.1:
Paradigm II: Cover Generation / 2.4.2:
Dominant Paradigm / 2.4.3:
Adversary Models / 2.5:
Passive Warden / 2.5.1:
Active Warden / 2.5.2:
Embedding Domains / 2.6:
Artificial Channels / 2.6.1:
Spatial and Time Domains / 2.6.2:
Transformed Domain / 2.6.3:
Selected Cover Formats: JPEG and MP3 / 2.6.4:
Exotic Covers / 2.6.5:
Embedding Operations / 2.7:
LSB Replacement / 2.7.1:
LSB Matching (±1) / 2.7.2:
Mod-? Replacement, Mod-? Matching, and Generalisations / 2.7.3:
Multi-Sample Rules / 2.7.4:
Adaptive Embedding / 2.7.5:
Protocols and Message Coding / 2.8:
Public-Key Steganography / 2.8.1:
Maximising Embedding Efficiency / 2.8.2:
Specific Detection Techniques / 2.9:
Calibration of JPEG Histograms / 2.9.1:
Universal Detectors / 2.9.2:
Quantitative Steganalysis / 2.9.3:
Selected Estimators for LSB Replacement in Spatial Domain Images / 2.10:
RS Analysis / 2.10.1:
Sample Pair Analysis / 2.10.2:
Higher-Order Structural Steganalysis / 2.10.3:
Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis / 2.10.4:
Summary and Further Steps / 2.11:
Towards a Theory of Cover Models / 3:
Steganalyst's Problem Formalised / 3.1:
The Plausibility Heuristic / 3.1.1:
Application to Digital Steganography / 3.1.2:
Incognisability of the Cover Distribution / 3.1.3:
Cover Models / 3.2:
Defining Cover Models / 3.2.1:
Options for Formulating Cover Models / 3.2.2:
Cover Models and Detection Performance / 3.2.3:
Summary and Motivations for Studying Cover Models / 3.2.4:
Dealing with Heterogeneous Cover Sources / 3.3:
Mixture Distributions / 3.3.1:
The Mixture Cover Model / 3.3.2:
Relation to Prior Information-Theoretic Work / 3.4:
Theoretical Limits / 3.4.1:
Observability Bounds / 3.4.2:
Computational Bounds / 3.4.3:
Applicability of the Theory of Cover Models / 3.4.4:
Indeterminacy in the Cover / 3.4.5:
Instances of Cover Models for Heterogeneous Sources / 3.5:
Summary / 3.6:
Specific Advances in Steganalysis / Part II:
Detection of Model-Based Steganography with First-Order Statistics / 4:
Fundamentals of Model-Based Steganography / 4.1:
MB1: An Embedding Function for JPEG Covers / 4.2:
Detection Method / 4.3:
Experimental Validation / 4.4:
Summary and Outlook / 4.5:
Limitations and Future Directions / 4.5.1:
Possible (Short-Term) Countermeasures / 4.5.2:
Implications for More Secure Steganography / 4.5.3:
Models of Heterogeneous Covers for Quantitative Steganalysis / 5:
Metrics for Quantitative Steganalysis / 5.1:
Conventional Metrics / 5.1.1:
Improved Metrics Based on a Distribution Model / 5.1.2:
Decomposition of Estimation Errors / 5.1.3:
Measurement of Sensitivity to Cover Properties / 5.2:
Method / 5.2.1:
Modelling the Shape of the Between-Image Distribution / 5.2.2:
Modelling the Shape of the Within-Image Distribution / 5.2.3:
Summary and Conclusion / 5.3:
Improved Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis / 6:
Enhanced WS for Never-Compressed Covers / 6.1:
Enhanced Predictor / 6.1.1:
Enhanced Calculation of Weights / 6.1.2:
Enhanced Bias Correction / 6.1.3:
Experimental Results / 6.1.4:
Adaptation of WS to JPEG Pre-Compressed Covers / 6.2:
Improved Predictor / 6.2.1:
Estimation of the Cover's JPEG Compression Quality / 6.2.2:
Using Encoder Artefacts for Steganalysis of Compressed Audio Streams / 6.2.3:
MP3 Steganography and Steganalysis / 7.1:
Problem Statement in the Mixture Cover Model Framework / 7.1.1:
Level of Analysis and Related Work / 7.1.2:
Description of Features / 7.1.3:
Features Based on the Compression Size Control Mechanism / 7.2.1:
Features Based on Model Decisions / 7.2.2:
Features Based on Capability Usage / 7.2.3:
Feature Based on Stream Formatting / 7.2.4:
Experimental Results for Encoder Detection / 7.3:
Single-Compressed Audio Files / 7.3.1:
Importance of Individual Features / 7.3.2:
Influence of Double-Compression / 7.3.3:
Experimental Results for Improved Steganalysis / 7.4:
Explorative Analysis of Encoder Similarities / 7.5:
Summary and Discussion / 7.6:
Transferability to Other Formats / 7.6.1:
Related Applications / 7.6.3:
Synthesis / Part III:
General Discussion / 8:
Summary of Results / 8.1:
Results Based on Informal Arguments / 8.1.1:
Results Based on Mathematical Proofs / 8.1.2:
Results Based on Empirical Evidence / 8.1.3:
Limitations / 8.2:
Directions for Future Research / 8.3:
Theoretical Challenges / 8.3.1:
Empirical Challenges / 8.3.2:
Practical Challenges / 8.3.3:
Conclusion and Outlook / 8.4:
Description of Covers Used in the Experiments / A:
Spurious Steganalysis Results Using the 'van Hateren' Image Database / B:
Proof of Weighted Stego Image (WS) Estimator / C:
Derivation of Linear Predictor for Enhanced WS / D:
Game for Formal Security Analysis / E:
Derivation of ROC Curves and AUC Metric for Example Cover Models / F:
Supplementary Figures and Tables / G:
References
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
List of Symbols
List of Functions
Index
Introduction / 1:
Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences / 1.1:
Objective and Approach / 1.2:
19.
EB
Rainer Böhme
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1:
Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences / 1.1:
Objective and Approach / 1.2:
Outline / 1.3:
Background and Advances in Theory / Part I:
Principles of Modern Steganography and Steganalysis / 2:
Digital Steganography and Steganalysis / 2.1:
Steganographic System / 2.1.1:
Steganalysis / 2.1.2:
Relevance in Social and Academic Contexts / 2.1.3:
Conventions / 2.2:
Design Goals and Metrics / 2.3:
Capacity / 2.3.1:
Steganographic Security / 2.3.2:
Robustness / 2.3.3:
Further Metrics / 2.3.4:
Paradigms for the Design of Steganographic Systems / 2.4:
Paradigm I: Modify with Caution / 2.4.1:
Paradigm II: Cover Generation / 2.4.2:
Dominant Paradigm / 2.4.3:
Adversary Models / 2.5:
Passive Warden / 2.5.1:
Active Warden / 2.5.2:
Embedding Domains / 2.6:
Artificial Channels / 2.6.1:
Spatial and Time Domains / 2.6.2:
Transformed Domain / 2.6.3:
Selected Cover Formats: JPEG and MP3 / 2.6.4:
Exotic Covers / 2.6.5:
Embedding Operations / 2.7:
LSB Replacement / 2.7.1:
LSB Matching (±1) / 2.7.2:
Mod-? Replacement, Mod-? Matching, and Generalisations / 2.7.3:
Multi-Sample Rules / 2.7.4:
Adaptive Embedding / 2.7.5:
Protocols and Message Coding / 2.8:
Public-Key Steganography / 2.8.1:
Maximising Embedding Efficiency / 2.8.2:
Specific Detection Techniques / 2.9:
Calibration of JPEG Histograms / 2.9.1:
Universal Detectors / 2.9.2:
Quantitative Steganalysis / 2.9.3:
Selected Estimators for LSB Replacement in Spatial Domain Images / 2.10:
RS Analysis / 2.10.1:
Sample Pair Analysis / 2.10.2:
Higher-Order Structural Steganalysis / 2.10.3:
Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis / 2.10.4:
Summary and Further Steps / 2.11:
Towards a Theory of Cover Models / 3:
Steganalyst's Problem Formalised / 3.1:
The Plausibility Heuristic / 3.1.1:
Application to Digital Steganography / 3.1.2:
Incognisability of the Cover Distribution / 3.1.3:
Cover Models / 3.2:
Defining Cover Models / 3.2.1:
Options for Formulating Cover Models / 3.2.2:
Cover Models and Detection Performance / 3.2.3:
Summary and Motivations for Studying Cover Models / 3.2.4:
Dealing with Heterogeneous Cover Sources / 3.3:
Mixture Distributions / 3.3.1:
The Mixture Cover Model / 3.3.2:
Relation to Prior Information-Theoretic Work / 3.4:
Theoretical Limits / 3.4.1:
Observability Bounds / 3.4.2:
Computational Bounds / 3.4.3:
Applicability of the Theory of Cover Models / 3.4.4:
Indeterminacy in the Cover / 3.4.5:
Instances of Cover Models for Heterogeneous Sources / 3.5:
Summary / 3.6:
Specific Advances in Steganalysis / Part II:
Detection of Model-Based Steganography with First-Order Statistics / 4:
Fundamentals of Model-Based Steganography / 4.1:
MB1: An Embedding Function for JPEG Covers / 4.2:
Detection Method / 4.3:
Experimental Validation / 4.4:
Summary and Outlook / 4.5:
Limitations and Future Directions / 4.5.1:
Possible (Short-Term) Countermeasures / 4.5.2:
Implications for More Secure Steganography / 4.5.3:
Models of Heterogeneous Covers for Quantitative Steganalysis / 5:
Metrics for Quantitative Steganalysis / 5.1:
Conventional Metrics / 5.1.1:
Improved Metrics Based on a Distribution Model / 5.1.2:
Decomposition of Estimation Errors / 5.1.3:
Measurement of Sensitivity to Cover Properties / 5.2:
Method / 5.2.1:
Modelling the Shape of the Between-Image Distribution / 5.2.2:
Modelling the Shape of the Within-Image Distribution / 5.2.3:
Summary and Conclusion / 5.3:
Improved Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis / 6:
Enhanced WS for Never-Compressed Covers / 6.1:
Enhanced Predictor / 6.1.1:
Enhanced Calculation of Weights / 6.1.2:
Enhanced Bias Correction / 6.1.3:
Experimental Results / 6.1.4:
Adaptation of WS to JPEG Pre-Compressed Covers / 6.2:
Improved Predictor / 6.2.1:
Estimation of the Cover's JPEG Compression Quality / 6.2.2:
Using Encoder Artefacts for Steganalysis of Compressed Audio Streams / 6.2.3:
MP3 Steganography and Steganalysis / 7.1:
Problem Statement in the Mixture Cover Model Framework / 7.1.1:
Level of Analysis and Related Work / 7.1.2:
Description of Features / 7.1.3:
Features Based on the Compression Size Control Mechanism / 7.2.1:
Features Based on Model Decisions / 7.2.2:
Features Based on Capability Usage / 7.2.3:
Feature Based on Stream Formatting / 7.2.4:
Experimental Results for Encoder Detection / 7.3:
Single-Compressed Audio Files / 7.3.1:
Importance of Individual Features / 7.3.2:
Influence of Double-Compression / 7.3.3:
Experimental Results for Improved Steganalysis / 7.4:
Explorative Analysis of Encoder Similarities / 7.5:
Summary and Discussion / 7.6:
Transferability to Other Formats / 7.6.1:
Related Applications / 7.6.3:
Synthesis / Part III:
General Discussion / 8:
Summary of Results / 8.1:
Results Based on Informal Arguments / 8.1.1:
Results Based on Mathematical Proofs / 8.1.2:
Results Based on Empirical Evidence / 8.1.3:
Limitations / 8.2:
Directions for Future Research / 8.3:
Theoretical Challenges / 8.3.1:
Empirical Challenges / 8.3.2:
Practical Challenges / 8.3.3:
Conclusion and Outlook / 8.4:
Description of Covers Used in the Experiments / A:
Spurious Steganalysis Results Using the 'van Hateren' Image Database / B:
Proof of Weighted Stego Image (WS) Estimator / C:
Derivation of Linear Predictor for Enhanced WS / D:
Game for Formal Security Analysis / E:
Derivation of ROC Curves and AUC Metric for Example Cover Models / F:
Supplementary Figures and Tables / G:
References
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
List of Symbols
List of Functions
Index
Introduction / 1:
Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences / 1.1:
Objective and Approach / 1.2:
20.
EB
Arnold Hanslmeier
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Netherlands, 2011
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Water on Earth, Properties of Water / 1:
The Role of Water in History / 1.1:
Water in Ancient Cultures / 1.1.1:
Modern Society and Water / 1.1.2:
The Chemical Elements Water Consists of / 1.2:
Hydrogen / 1.2.1:
Oxygen / 1.2.2:
Water, Chemical and Physical Properties / 1.3:
Chemical Properties / 1.3.1:
Physical Properties of Water / 1.3.2:
Evaporation and Condensation / 1.3.3:
Ice / 1.3.4:
Chemical Reactions and Water / 1.3.5:
Chemical Bonds / 1.4.1:
Acids and pH Value / 1.4.2:
Hydrates, Water in Crystals / 1.4.3:
Water: Spectral Signatures / 1.4.4:
The Hydrologic Cycle / 1.5:
Evaporation and Precipitation Balance / 1.5.1:
The Hydrologic Cycle and Climate Change / 1.5.2:
Life and Water / 2:
Life and Environment / 2.1:
The Importance of Water / 2.1.1:
Definition of Life / 2.1.2:
Evolution of Life / 2.1.3:
Life Under Extreme Conditions / 2.1.4:
Water and Other Solvents / 2.2:
The Importance of Solvents to Life / 2.2.1:
Other Solvents than Water / 2.2.2:
Energy for Life / 2.3:
Energy / 2.3.1:
Metabolic Diversity / 2.3.2:
Solar Energy / 2.3.3:
Photosynthesis and Respiration / 2.3.4:
Water on Planets and Dwarf Planets / 3:
Classification of Objects in the Solar System / 3.1:
Overview / 3.1.1:
Physical Parameters of Planets / 3.1.2:
Terrestrial Planets / 3.2:
Earth / 3.2.1:
Mercury / 3.2.2:
Venus / 3.2.3:
Mars / 3.2.4:
The Early Sun and Evolution of Terrestrial Planets / 3.2.5:
Dry Venus-Humid Earth-Climate Changes on Mars / 3.2.6:
Giant Planets / 3.3:
Jupiter / 3.3.1:
Saturn / 3.3.2:
Uranus / 3.3.3:
Neptune / 3.3.4:
Water on Giant Planets / 3.3.5:
Dwarf Planets / 3.4:
Pluto / 3.4.1:
Ices on Other Dwarf Planets / 3.4.2:
Satellites of Planets in the Solar System / 4:
Galilean Satellites / 4.1:
Io / 4.1.1:
Europa / 4.1.2:
Callisto / 4.1.3:
Ganymede / 4.1.4:
Satellites of Saturn / 4.2:
Titan / 4.2.1:
Other Satellites of Saturn / 4.2.3:
Satellites of Uranus and Neptune / 4.3:
The Satellites of Uranus / 4.3.1:
The Satellites of Neptune / 4.3.2:
The Earth Moon / 4.4:
Water on the Moon? / 4.4.1:
Water on Small Solar System Bodies / 5:
Clouds of Particles / 5.1:
The Kuiper Belt / 5.1.1:
The Oort Cloud / 5.1.2:
Comets / 5.2:
Early Observations / 5.2.1:
Orbital Characteristics of Comets / 5.2.2:
Physics of Comets / 5.2.3:
Collisions with Comets / 5.2.4:
Detection of Water on Comets / 5.2.5:
Asteroids / 5.3:
General Properties / 5.3.1:
Classification of Asteroids / 5.3.2:
NEOs / 5.3.3:
The Cretaceous-Tertiary Impact / 5.3.4:
Water and Ice on Asteroids / 5.3.5:
Asteroids as a Source for Water on Earth / 5.3.6:
Meteorites / 5.4:
Classification / 5.4.1:
Water in Meteorites / 5.4.3:
Water on Extrasolar Planets? / 6:
How to Detect Extrasolar Planets / 6.1:
Detection Methods / 6.1.1:
Extrasolar Planets Found by Different Detection Methods / 6.1.2:
Some Examples of Extrasolar Planets / 6.1.3:
Habitable Zones / 6.2:
Habitability / 6.2.1:
Circumstellar Habitable Zones / 6.2.2:
Galactic Habitable Zone / 6.2.3:
Habitable Zone Around Giant Planets / 6.2.4:
Dust Debris Around Stars / 6.3:
Signatures of Dust Around Stars / 6.3.1:
Dust Around Vega / 6.3.2:
Water Detection on Extrasolar Planets / 6.4:
Detection of Planetary Atmospheres / 6.4.1:
Hot Jupiters / 6.4.2:
Water on Extrasolar Planets / 6.4.3:
Some Model Calculations / 6.4.4:
Super Earth Planets / 6.4.5:
Water in Interstellar Space and Stars / 7:
Interstellar Medium / 7.1:
Physical Properties / 7.1.1:
Molecules in the Interstellar Medium / 7.1.2:
Interstellar Dust Lifecycle / 7.1.3:
Water Masers / 7.1.4:
Water in Starforming Regions / 7.2:
Clouds and Cloud Collapse / 7.2.1:
Water Signatures in Protostars / 7.2.2:
T Tauri Stars / 7.2.4:
Water Signatures in Spectra of Late Type Stars and the Sun / 7.3:
Late Type Stars and Water / 7.3.1:
Water in Sunspots? / 7.3.2:
Water in Galaxies / 7.4:
The Milky Way Galaxy / 7.4.1:
Water in the Galaxy? / 7.4.2:
Galaxy Clusters / 7.4.3:
IR-Galaxies / 7.4.5:
Water Masers in Nearby Galaxies / 7.4.6:
Mega-Masers / 7.4.7:
Water-Where Does It Come from? / 8:
The Evolution of the Universe / 8.1:
An Expanding Universe / 8.1.1:
Radiation from the Early Universe / 8.1.2:
Abundance of Elements / 8.1.3:
No Water in the Early Universe / 8.1.4:
Stellar Evolution / 8.2:
Red Giants / 8.2.1:
The Asymptotic Giant Branch / 8.2.2:
A Carbon Flash? / 8.2.3:
Post AGB Evolution / 8.2.4:
Elements Heavier than He / 8.2.5:
The Ultimate Fate of a Low Massive Star: White Dwarfs / 8.2.6:
Massive Stars / 8.3:
Main Sequence Evolution of Massive Stars / 8.3.1:
Supernova Explosion / 8.3.2:
Stellar Populations / 8.3.3:
Appendix / 9:
How to Detect Water / 9.1:
Transparency of the Earth's Atmosphere / 9.1.1:
In Situ Measurements / 9.1.2:
Spectroscopic Signatures / 9.1.3:
Satellite Missions / 9.2:
Water Detection with SWAS / 9.2.1:
IR Satellites / 9.2.2:
Future Astronomical Telescopes / 9.2.3:
Some Astrophysical Concepts / 9.3:
Apparent Magnitude / 9.3.1:
Spectral Classes / 9.3.2:
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, HRD / 9.3.3:
References
Index
Water on Earth, Properties of Water / 1:
The Role of Water in History / 1.1:
Water in Ancient Cultures / 1.1.1:
21.
EB
Laura Kallmeyer
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1:
Formal Grammars and Natural Languages / 1.1:
Parsing Beyond CFGs / 1.2:
What This Book Is Not About / 1.3:
Overview of the Book / 1.4:
Grammar Formalisms for Natural Languages / 1.4.1:
Parsing: Preliminaries / 1.4.2:
Tree Adjoining Grammars / 1.4.3:
MCFG and LCFRS / 1.4.4:
Range Concatenation Grammars / 1.4.5:
Automata / 1.4.6:
Some Basic Definitions / 1.5:
Languages / 1.5.1:
Context-Free Grammars / 1.5.2:
Trees / 1.5.3:
Context-Free Grammars and Natural Languages / 2:
The Generative Capacity of CFGs / 2.1.1:
CFGs and Lexicalization / 2.1.2:
Mild Context-Sensitivity / 2.1.3:
Grammar Formalisms Beyond CFG / 2.2:
Linear Indexed Grammars / 2.2.1:
Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems / 2.2.3:
Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars / 2.2.4:
Multiple Context-Free Grammars / 2.2.5:
Summary / 2.2.6:
Parsing as Deduction / 3:
Motivation / 3.1.1:
Items / 3.1.2:
Deduction Rules / 3.1.3:
Implementation Issues / 3.2:
Dynamic Programming / 3.2.1:
Chart Parsing and Tabulation / 3.2.2:
Hypergraphs / 3.2.3:
Properties of Parsing Algorithms / 3.3:
Soundness and Completeness / 3.3.1:
Complexity / 3.3.2:
Valid Prefix Property / 3.3.3:
Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars / 3.4:
Definition of TAG / 4.1.1:
Formal Properties / 4.1.2:
Linguistic Principles for TAG / 4.1.3:
Extended Domain of Locality and Factoring of Recursion / 4.1.4:
Constituency and Dependencies / 4.1.5:
Equivalent Formalisms / 4.2:
Tree-Local MCTAG / 4.2.1:
Combinatory Categorial Grammars / 4.2.2:
Parsing Tree Adjoining Grammars / 4.3:
A CYK Parser for TAG / 5.1:
The Recognizer / 5.1.1:
An Earley Parser for TAG / 5.1.2:
Inference Rules / 5.2.1:
Extending the Algorithm to Substitution / 5.2.4:
The Parser / 5.2.5:
Properties of the Algorithm / 5.2.6:
Prefix Valid Earley Parsing / 5.2.7:
An LR Parser for TAG / 5.3:
Construction of the Automation / 5.3.1:
Multiple Context-Free Grammars and Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems / 5.3.3:
Introduction to MCFG, LCFRS and Simple RCG / 6.1:
Applications / 6.1.1:
Set-Local Multicomponent TAG / 6.2:
Minimalist Grammars / 6.2.2:
Finite-Copying LFG / 6.2.3:
Parsing MCFG, LCFRS and Simple RCG / 6.3:
CYK Parsing of MCFG / 7.1:
The Basic Algorithm / 7.1.1:
The Naïve Algorithm / 7.1.2:
The Active Algorithm / 7.1.3:
The Incremental Algorithm / 7.1.4:
Prediction Strategies / 7.1.5:
Simplifying Simple RCGs / 7.2:
Eliminating Useless Rules / 7.2.1:
Eliminating ?-Rules / 7.2.2:
Ordered Simple RCG / 7.2.3:
Binarization of the Rules / 7.2.4:
An Incremental Earley Parser for Simple RCG / 7.3:
The Algorithm / 7.3.1:
Filters / 7.3.2:
Introduction to Range Concatenation Grammars / 7.4:
Definition of RCG / 8.1.1:
Relations to Other Formalisms / 8.1.2:
Literal Movement Grammars / 8.2.1:
CFG, TAG and MCFG / 8.2.2:
Parsing Range Concatenation Grammars / 8.3:
Basic RCG Parsing / 9.1:
CYK Parsing with Passive Items / 9.1.1:
Non-directional Top-Down Parsing / 9.1.2:
Directional Top-Down Parsing / 9.1.3:
Optimizations / 9.1.4:
Parsing with Constraint Propagation / 9.2:
Range Constraints / 9.2.1:
CYK Parsing with Active Items / 9.2.2:
Earley Parsing / 9.2.3:
Embedded Push-Down Automata / 9.3:
Definition of EPDA / 10.1.1:
EPDA and TAG / 10.1.2:
Bottom-Up Embedded Push-Down Automata / 10.1.3:
?-Order EPDA / 10.1.4:
Two-Stack Automata / 10.2:
General Definition / 10.2.1:
Strongly-Driven Two-Stack Automata / 10.2.2:
Thread Automata / 10.3:
Idea / 10.3.1:
General Definition of TA / 10.3.2:
Constructing a TA for a TAG / 10.3.3:
Constructing a TA for an Ordered SRCG / 10.3.4:
Hierarchy of Grammar Formalisms / 10.4:
List of Acronyms / Appendix B:
Solutions
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Formal Grammars and Natural Languages / 1.1:
Parsing Beyond CFGs / 1.2:
22.
EB
Laura Kallmeyer
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1:
Formal Grammars and Natural Languages / 1.1:
Parsing Beyond CFGs / 1.2:
What This Book Is Not About / 1.3:
Overview of the Book / 1.4:
Grammar Formalisms for Natural Languages / 1.4.1:
Parsing: Preliminaries / 1.4.2:
Tree Adjoining Grammars / 1.4.3:
MCFG and LCFRS / 1.4.4:
Range Concatenation Grammars / 1.4.5:
Automata / 1.4.6:
Some Basic Definitions / 1.5:
Languages / 1.5.1:
Context-Free Grammars / 1.5.2:
Trees / 1.5.3:
Context-Free Grammars and Natural Languages / 2:
The Generative Capacity of CFGs / 2.1.1:
CFGs and Lexicalization / 2.1.2:
Mild Context-Sensitivity / 2.1.3:
Grammar Formalisms Beyond CFG / 2.2:
Linear Indexed Grammars / 2.2.1:
Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems / 2.2.3:
Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars / 2.2.4:
Multiple Context-Free Grammars / 2.2.5:
Summary / 2.2.6:
Parsing as Deduction / 3:
Motivation / 3.1.1:
Items / 3.1.2:
Deduction Rules / 3.1.3:
Implementation Issues / 3.2:
Dynamic Programming / 3.2.1:
Chart Parsing and Tabulation / 3.2.2:
Hypergraphs / 3.2.3:
Properties of Parsing Algorithms / 3.3:
Soundness and Completeness / 3.3.1:
Complexity / 3.3.2:
Valid Prefix Property / 3.3.3:
Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars / 3.4:
Definition of TAG / 4.1.1:
Formal Properties / 4.1.2:
Linguistic Principles for TAG / 4.1.3:
Extended Domain of Locality and Factoring of Recursion / 4.1.4:
Constituency and Dependencies / 4.1.5:
Equivalent Formalisms / 4.2:
Tree-Local MCTAG / 4.2.1:
Combinatory Categorial Grammars / 4.2.2:
Parsing Tree Adjoining Grammars / 4.3:
A CYK Parser for TAG / 5.1:
The Recognizer / 5.1.1:
An Earley Parser for TAG / 5.1.2:
Inference Rules / 5.2.1:
Extending the Algorithm to Substitution / 5.2.4:
The Parser / 5.2.5:
Properties of the Algorithm / 5.2.6:
Prefix Valid Earley Parsing / 5.2.7:
An LR Parser for TAG / 5.3:
Construction of the Automation / 5.3.1:
Multiple Context-Free Grammars and Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems / 5.3.3:
Introduction to MCFG, LCFRS and Simple RCG / 6.1:
Applications / 6.1.1:
Set-Local Multicomponent TAG / 6.2:
Minimalist Grammars / 6.2.2:
Finite-Copying LFG / 6.2.3:
Parsing MCFG, LCFRS and Simple RCG / 6.3:
CYK Parsing of MCFG / 7.1:
The Basic Algorithm / 7.1.1:
The Naïve Algorithm / 7.1.2:
The Active Algorithm / 7.1.3:
The Incremental Algorithm / 7.1.4:
Prediction Strategies / 7.1.5:
Simplifying Simple RCGs / 7.2:
Eliminating Useless Rules / 7.2.1:
Eliminating ?-Rules / 7.2.2:
Ordered Simple RCG / 7.2.3:
Binarization of the Rules / 7.2.4:
An Incremental Earley Parser for Simple RCG / 7.3:
The Algorithm / 7.3.1:
Filters / 7.3.2:
Introduction to Range Concatenation Grammars / 7.4:
Definition of RCG / 8.1.1:
Relations to Other Formalisms / 8.1.2:
Literal Movement Grammars / 8.2.1:
CFG, TAG and MCFG / 8.2.2:
Parsing Range Concatenation Grammars / 8.3:
Basic RCG Parsing / 9.1:
CYK Parsing with Passive Items / 9.1.1:
Non-directional Top-Down Parsing / 9.1.2:
Directional Top-Down Parsing / 9.1.3:
Optimizations / 9.1.4:
Parsing with Constraint Propagation / 9.2:
Range Constraints / 9.2.1:
CYK Parsing with Active Items / 9.2.2:
Earley Parsing / 9.2.3:
Embedded Push-Down Automata / 9.3:
Definition of EPDA / 10.1.1:
EPDA and TAG / 10.1.2:
Bottom-Up Embedded Push-Down Automata / 10.1.3:
?-Order EPDA / 10.1.4:
Two-Stack Automata / 10.2:
General Definition / 10.2.1:
Strongly-Driven Two-Stack Automata / 10.2.2:
Thread Automata / 10.3:
Idea / 10.3.1:
General Definition of TA / 10.3.2:
Constructing a TA for a TAG / 10.3.3:
Constructing a TA for an Ordered SRCG / 10.3.4:
Hierarchy of Grammar Formalisms / 10.4:
List of Acronyms / Appendix B:
Solutions
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Formal Grammars and Natural Languages / 1.1:
Parsing Beyond CFGs / 1.2:
23.
図書
Ulf Leonhardt
出版情報:
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2010 xii, 277 p. ; 26 cm
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Acknowledgements
Introduction / 1:
A note to the reader / 1.1:
Quantum theory / 1.2:
Axioms / 1.2.1:
Quantum statistics / 1.2.2:
Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures / 1.2.3:
On the questions and homework problems / 1.3:
Further reading / 1.4:
Quantum field theory of light / 2:
Light in media / 2.1:
Maxwell's equations / 2.1.1:
Quantum commutator / 2.1.2:
Light modes / 2.2:
Modes and their scalar product / 2.2.1:
Bose commutation relations / 2.2.2:
Interference / 2.2.3:
Monochromatic modes / 2.2.4:
Zero-point energy and Casimir force / 2.3:
An attractive cavity / 2.3.1:
Reflections / 2.3.2:
Questions / 2.4:
Homework problem / 2.5:
Simple quantum states of light / 2.6:
The electromagnetic oscillator / 3.1:
Single-mode states / 3.2:
Quadrature states / 3.2.1:
Fock states / 3.2.2:
Thermal states / 3.2.3:
Coherent states / 3.2.4:
Uncertainty and squeezing / 3.3:
Quasiprobability distributions / 3.4:
Wigner representation / 4.1:
Wigner's formula / 4.1.1:
Basic properties / 4.1.2:
Examples / 4.1.3:
Other quasiprobability distributions / 4.2:
Q function / 4.2.1:
P function / 4.2.2:
s-parameterized quasiprobability distributions / 4.2.3:
Simple optical instruments / 4.3:
Beam splitter / 5.1:
Heisenberg picture / 5.1.1:
Schrödinger picture / 5.1.2:
Fock representation and wave-particle dualism / 5.1.3:
Detection / 5.2:
Photodetector / 5.2.1:
Balanced homodyne detection / 5.2.2:
Quantum tomography / 5.2.3:
Simultaneous measurement of conjugate variables / 5.2.4:
Irrevesible processes / 5.3:
Lindblad's theorem / 6.1:
Irreversibility / 6.1.1:
Reversible dynamics / 6.1.2:
Irreversible dynamics / 6.1.3:
Loss and gain / 6.2:
Absorption and amplification / 6.2.1:
Absorber / 6.2.2:
Amplifier / 6.2.3:
Eavesdropper / 6.2.4:
Continuous quantum measurements / 6.3:
Entanglement / 6.4:
Parametric amplifier / 7.1:
Einstein-Podolski-Rosen state / 7.1.1:
Quantum teleportation / 7.1.4:
Polarization correlations / 7.2:
Singlet state / 7.2.1:
Polarization / 7.2.2:
Bell's theorem / 7.2.3:
Horizons / 7.3:
Minkowski space / 8.1:
Locality and relativity / 8.1.1:
Space-time geometry / 8.1.2:
Light / 8.1.3:
Accelerated observers / 8.2:
Rindler coordinates / 8.2.1:
Accelerated modes / 8.2.2:
Unruh effect / 8.2.3:
Moving media / 8.3:
Motivation / 8.3.1:
Trans-Planckian problem / 8.3.2:
Light in moving media / 8.3.3:
Geometry of light / 8.3.4:
Hawking radiation / 8.3.5:
Stress of the quantum vacuum / 8.4:
State reconstruction in quantum mechanics / Appendix B:
References
Index
Irreversible processes
Appendixes
Acknowledgements
Introduction / 1:
A note to the reader / 1.1:
24.
EB
Xu Ma, Gonzalo R. Arce
出版情報:
Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2010
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Preface
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Introduction / 1:
Optical Lithography / 1.1:
Optical Lithography and Integrated Circuits / 1.1.1:
Brief History of Optical Lithography Systems / 1.1.2:
Rayleigh's Resolution / 1.2:
Resist Processes and Characteristics / 1.3:
Techniques in Computational Lithography / 1.4:
Optical Proximity Correction / 1.4.1:
Phase-Shifting Masks / 1.4.2:
Off-Axis Illumination / 1.4.3:
Second-Generation RETs / 1.4.4:
Outline / 1.5:
Optical Lithography Systems / 2:
Partially Coherent Imaging Systems / 2.1:
Abbe's Model / 2.1.1:
Hopkins Diffraction Model / 2.1.2:
Coherent and Incoherent Imaging Systems / 2.1.3:
Approximation Models / 2.2:
Fourier Series Expansion Model / 2.2.1:
Singular Value Decomposition Model / 2.2.2:
Average Coherent Approximation Model / 2.2.3:
Discussion and Comparison / 2.2.4:
Summary / 2.3:
Rule-Based Resolution Enhancement Techniques / 3:
RET Types / 3.1:
Rule-Based RETs / 3.1.1:
Model-Based RETs / 3.1.2:
Hybrid RETs / 3.1.3:
Rule-Based OPC / 3.2:
Catastrophic OPC / 3.2.1:
One-Dimensional OPC / 3.2.2:
Line-Shortening Reduction OPC / 3.2.3:
Two-Dimensional OPC / 3.2.4:
Rule-Based PSM / 3.3:
Dark-Field Application / 3.3.1:
Light-Field Application / 3.3.2:
Rule-Based OAI / 3.4:
Fundamentals of Optimization / 3.5:
Definition and Classification / 4.1:
Definitions in the Optimization Problem / 4.1.1:
Classification of Optimization Problems / 4.1.2:
Unconstrained Optimization / 4.2:
Solution of Unconstrained Optimization Problem / 4.2.1:
Unconstrained Optimization Algorithms / 4.2.2:
Computational Lithography with Coherent Illumination / 4.3:
Problem Formulation / 5.1:
OPC Optimization / 5.2:
OPC Design Algorithm / 5.2.1:
Simulations / 5.2.2:
Two-Phase PSM Optimization / 5.3:
Two-Phase PSM Design Algorithm / 5.3.1:
Generalized PSM Optimization / 5.3.2:
Generalized PSM Design Algorithm / 5.4.1:
Resist Modeling Effects / 5.4.2:
Regularization Framework / 5.6:
Discretization Penalty / 6.1:
Discretization Penalty for OPC Optimization / 6.1.1:
Discretization Penalty for Two-Phase PSM Optimization / 6.1.2:
Discretization Penalty for Generalized PSM Optimization / 6.1.3:
Complexity Penalty / 6.2:
Total Variation Penalty / 6.2.1:
Global Wavelet Penalty / 6.2.2:
Localized Wavelet Penalty / 6.2.3:
Computational Lithography with Partially Coherent Illumination / 6.3:
OPC Design Algorithm Using the Fourier Series Expansion Model / 7.1:
Simulations Using the Fourier Series Expansion Model / 7.1.2:
OPC Design Algorithm Using the Average Coherent Approximation Model / 7.1.3:
Simulations Using the Average Coherent Approximation Model / 7.1.4:
PSM Optimization / 7.1.5:
PSM Design Algorithm Using the Singular Value Decomposition Model / 7.2.1:
Discretization Regularization for PSM Design Algorithm / 7.2.2:
Other RET Optimization Techniques / 7.2.3:
Double-Patterning Method / 8.1:
Post-Processing Based on 2D DCT / 8.2:
Photoresist Tone Reversing Method / 8.3:
Source and Mask Optimization / 8.4:
Lithography Preliminaries / 9.1:
Topological Constraint / 9.2:
Source-Mask Optimization Algorithm / 9.3:
Coherent Thick-Mask Optimization / 9.4:
Kirchhoff Boundary Conditions / 10.1:
Boundary Layer Model / 10.2:
Boundary Layer Model in Coherent Imaging Systems / 10.2.1:
Boundary Layer Model in Partially Coherent Imaging Systems / 10.2.2:
OPC Optimization Algorithm Based on BL Model Under Coherent Illumination / 10.3:
PSM Optimization Algorithm Based on BL Model Under Coherent Illumination / 10.4.3:
Conclusions and New Directions of Computational Lithography / 10.5.3:
Conclusion / 11.1:
New Directions of Computational Lithography / 11.2:
OPC Optimization for the Next-Generation Lithography Technologies / 11.2.1:
Initialization Approach for the Inverse Lithography Optimization / 11.2.2:
Double Patterning and Double Exposure Methods in Partially Coherent Imaging System / 11.2.3:
OPC and PSM Optimizations for Inverse Lithography Based on Rigorous Mask Models in Partially Coherent Imaging System / 11.2.4:
Simultaneous Source and Mask Optimization for Inverse Lithography Based on Rigorous Mask Models / 11.2.5:
Investigation of Factors Influencing the Complexity of the OPC and PSM Optimization Algorithms / 11.2.6:
Formula Derivation in Chapter 5 / Appendix A:
Manhattan Geometry / Appendix B:
Formula Derivation in Chapter 6 / Appendix C:
Formula Derivation in Chapter 7 / Appendix D:
Formula Derivation in Chapter 8 / Appendix E:
Formula Derivation in Chapter 9 / Appendix F:
Formula Derivation in Chapter 10 / Appendix G:
Software Guide / Appendix H:
References
Index
Preface
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
25.
EB
Mathias Kolle
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
References
Theoretical Aspects of Photonic Structures / 2:
Reflection and Refraction at Optical Interfaces / 2.1:
Thin Film Interference / 2.2:
Multilayer Reflectivity / 2.3:
Qualitative Analysis of Multilayer Interference / 2.3.1:
Quantitative Analysis of Multilayer Interference / 2.3.2:
Band-Gaps of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals / 2.4:
Multilayer Resonance Cavities / 2.5:
Diffraction from Periodic Surface Structures / 2.6:
Diffraction in the Fraunhofer Approximation / 2.6.1:
Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modelling of Diffraction / 2.6.2:
Structural Colours in Nature / 3:
Structural Colours in the Animal Kingdom / 3.1:
Simple Multilayers: The Japanese Jewel Beetle / 3.1.1:
Complex Multilayer Arrangements in Butterfly and Moth Structures / 3.1.2:
Floral Diffractive Structures / 3.2:
Diffraction and Iridescence from Striations on Flower Petals / 3.2.1:
Near-UV Reflectivity Enhancement by Grating-Like Striations / 3.2.2:
Conclusion / 3.3:
Materials and Techniques / 4:
Materials / 4.1:
Polymer Materials / 4.1.1:
Metal Oxides / 4.1.2:
Techniques: Multilayer Production / 4.2:
Sequential Spin-Coating / 4.2.1:
Floating and Stacking / 4.2.2:
Atomic Layer Deposition / 4.2.3:
Techniques: Pattern Creation and Transfer / 4.3:
Colloid Templating / 4.3.1:
Argon Ion Milling / 4.3.2:
Nano-Imprint Lithography / 4.3.3:
Dental Wax Casting / 4.3.4:
Techniques: Sample Characterisation / 4.4:
Gonio-Spectroscopy / 4.4.1:
Micro-Spectroscopy / 4.4.2:
Ellipsometry / 4.4.3:
Static and Tuneable One-Dimensional Photonic Structures / 5:
Static One-Dimensional Optical Devices / 5.1:
Organic Bragg Reflectors / 5.1.1:
Organic Resonance Cavities / 5.1.2:
Stretch-tuneable Dielectric Mirrors and Optical Microcavities / 5.2:
Sample Preparation and Experimental Setup / 5.2.1:
Cavity Design and Modelling / 5.2.2:
Results and Discussions / 5.2.3:
Microfabrication of Photonic Structures with Higher Dimensionality / 5.3:
Template-Assisted Ion Milling / 6.1:
The Ion Milling Template / 6.1.1:
Micro-Cones / 6.1.2:
Gold Crowns on Micro-Cones / 6.1.3:
Multilayer Patterning by Ion Milling / 6.1.4:
Nano-Imprinting of Photonic Structures / 6.2:
Imprinting with Micro-Cone Masters / 6.2.1:
Replication of Micro-Cones for Flexible Cell Substrates / 6.2.2:
Fabrication of an Imprint Master for the Replication of Butterfly Wing Scale Patterns / 6.2.3:
Multilayer Patterning by Nano-Imprinting / 6.2.4:
Atomic Layer Deposition on Structured Substrates / 6.3:
Mimicry of Papilio Blumei's Colourful Wing Scale Structure / 6.4:
The Role Model / 7.1:
The Replication Procedure / 7.2:
A Structural Replica / 7.3:
A Structurally Modified Replica with Enhanced Optical Performance / 7.4:
Conclusions and Future Work / 7.5:
Summary / 8.1:
Future Work / 8.2:
Curriculum Vitae
Introduction / 1:
References
Theoretical Aspects of Photonic Structures / 2:
26.
EB
Roberto Baragona, Francesco Battaglia, Irene Poli
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
Bio-inspired Optimization Methods / 1.1:
Topics Organization / 1.2:
Evolutionary Computation / 2:
Evolutionary Computation Between Artificial Intelligence and Natural Evolution / 2.1:
The Contribution of Genetics / 2.1.2:
Evolutionary Computation Methods / 2.2:
Essential Properties / 2.2.1:
Evolutionary Programming / 2.2.2:
Evolution Strategies / 2.2.3:
Genetic Algorithms / 2.2.4:
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms / 2.2.5:
Differential Evolution / 2.2.6:
Evolutionary Behavior Algorithms / 2.2.7:
A Simple Example of Evolutionary Computation / 2.2.8:
Properties of Genetic Algorithms / 2.3:
Genetic Algorithms as a Paradigm of Evolutionary Computation / 2.3.1:
Evolution of Genetic Algorithms / 2.3.2:
Convergence of Genetic Algorithms / 2.3.3:
Issues in the Implementation of Genetic Algorithms / 2.3.4:
Genetic Algorithms and Random Sampling from a Probability Distribution / 2.3.5:
Evolving Regression Models / 3:
Identification / 3.1:
Linear Regression / 3.2.1:
Generalized Linear Models / 3.2.2:
Principal Component Analysis / 3.2.3:
Parameter Estimation / 3.3:
Regression Models / 3.3.1:
The Logistic Regression Model / 3.3.2:
Independent Component Analysis / 3.4:
ICA algorithms / 3.4.1:
Simple GAs for ICA / 3.4.2:
GAs for Nonlinear ICA / 3.4.3:
Time Series Linear and Nonlinear Models / 4:
Models of Time Series / 4.1:
Autoregressive Moving Average Models / 4.2:
Identification of ARMA Models by Genetic Algorithms / 4.2.1:
More General Models / 4.2.2:
Nonlinear Models / 4.3:
Threshold AR and Double Threshold GARCH Models / 4.3.1:
Exponential Models / 4.3.2:
Piecewise Linear Models / 4.3.3:
Bilinear Models / 4.3.4:
Real Data Applications / 4.3.5:
Artificial Neural Networks / 4.3.6:
Design of Experiments / 5:
Experiments and Design of Experiments / 5.1:
Randomization, Replication and Blocking / 5.2.1:
Factorial Designs and Response Surface Methodology / 5.2.2:
The Evolutionary Design of Experiments / 5.3:
High-Dimensionality Search Space / 5.3.1:
The Evolutionary Approach to Design Experiments / 5.3.2:
The Genetic Algorithm Design (GA-Design) / 5.3.3:
The Evolutionary Model-Based Experimental Design: The Statistical Models in the Evolution / 5.4:
The Evolutionary Neural Network Design (ENN-Design) / 5.4.1:
The Model Based Genetic Algorithm Design (MGA-Design) / 5.4.2:
The Evolutionary Bayesian Network Design (EBN-Design) / 5.4.3:
Outliers / 6:
Outliers in Independent Data / 6.1:
Exploratory Data Analysis for Multiple Outliers Detection / 6.1.1:
Genetic Algorithms for Detecting Outliers in an i.i.d. Data Set / 6.1.2:
Outliers in Time Series / 6.2:
Univariate ARIMA Models / 6.2.1:
Multivariate Time Series Outlier Models / 6.2.2:
Genetic Algorithms for Multiple Outlier Detection / 6.3:
Detecting Multiple Outliers in Univariate Time Series / 6.3.1:
Genetic Algorithms for Detecting Multiple Outliers in Multivariate Time Series / 6.3.2:
An Example of Application to Real Data / 6.3.3:
Cluster Analysis / 7:
The Partitioning Problem / 7.1:
Classification / 7.1.1:
Algorithms for Clustering Data / 7.1.2:
Indexes of Cluster Validity / 7.1.3:
Genetic Clustering Algorithms / 7.2:
A Genetic Divisive Algorithm / 7.2.1:
Quick Partition Genetic Algorithms / 7.2.2:
Centroid Evolution Algorithms / 7.2.3:
The Grouping Genetic Algorithm / 7.2.4:
Genetic Clustering of Large Data Sets / 7.2.5:
Fuzzy Partition / 7.3:
The Fuzzy c-Means Algorithm / 7.3.1:
Genetic Fuzzy Partition Algorithms / 7.3.2:
Multivariate Mixture Models Estimation by Evolutionary Computing / 7.4:
Genetic Multivariate Mixture Model Estimates / 7.4.1:
Hybrid Genetic Algorithms and the EM Algorithm / 7.4.2:
Multivariate Mixture Model Estimates with Unknown Number of Mixtures / 7.4.3:
Genetic Algorithms in Classification and Regression Trees Models / 7.5:
Clusters of Time Series and Directional Data / 7.6:
GAs-Based Methods for Clustering Time Series Data / 7.6.1:
GAs-Based Methods for Clustering Directional Data / 7.6.2:
Multiobjective Genetic Clustering / 7.7:
Pareto Optimality / 7.7.1:
Multiobjective Genetic Clustering Outline / 7.7.2:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Bio-inspired Optimization Methods / 1.1:
Topics Organization / 1.2:
27.
EB
Shaogang Gong, Tao Xiang
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer London, 2011
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Introduction / Part I:
About Behaviour / 1:
Understanding Behaviour / 1.1:
Representation and Modelling / 1.1.1:
Detection and Classification / 1.1.2:
Prediction and Association / 1.1.3:
Opportunities / 1.2:
Visual Surveillance / 1.2.1:
Video Indexing and Search / 1.2.2:
Robotics and Healthcare / 1.2.3:
Interaction, Animation and Computer Games / 1.2.4:
Challenges / 1.3:
Complexity / 1.3.1:
Uncertainty / 1.3.2:
The Approach / 1.4:
References
Behaviour in Context / 2:
Facial Expression / 2.1:
Body Gesture / 2.2:
Human Action / 2.3:
Human Intent / 2.4:
Group Activity / 2.5:
Crowd Behaviour / 2.6:
Distributed Behaviour / 2.7:
Holistic Awareness: Connecting the Dots / 2.8:
Towards Modelling Behaviour / 3:
Behaviour Representation / 3.1:
Object-Based Representation / 3.1.1:
Part-Based Representation / 3.1.2:
Pixel-Based Representation / 3.1.3:
Event-Based Representation / 3.1.4:
Probabilistic Graphical Models / 3.2:
Static Bayesian Networks / 3.2.1:
Dynamic Bayesian Networks / 3.2.2:
Probabilistic Topic Models / 3.2.3:
Learning Strategies / 3.3:
Supervised Learning / 3.3.1:
Unsupervised Learning / 3.3.2:
Semi-supervised Learning / 3.3.3:
Weakly Supervised Learning / 3.3.4:
Active Learning / 3.3.5:
Sing-Object Behaviour / Part II:
Understanding Facial Expression / 4:
Classification of Images / 4.1:
Local Binary Patterns / 4.1.1:
Designing Classifiers / 4.1.2:
Feature Selection by Boosting / 4.1.3:
Manifold and Temporal Modelling / 4.2:
Locality Preserving Projections / 4.2.1:
Bayesian Temporal Models / 4.2.2:
Discussion / 4.3:
Modelling Gesture / 5:
Tracking Gesture / 5.1:
Motion Moment Trajectory / 5.1.1:
2D Colour-Based Tracking / 5.1.2:
Bayesian Association / 5.1.3:
3D Model-Based Tracking / 5.1.4:
Segmentation and Atomic Action / 5.2:
Temporal Segmentation / 5.2.1:
Atomic Actions / 5.2.2:
Markov Processes / 5.3:
Affective State Analysis / 5.4:
Space-Time Interest Points / 5.4.1:
Expression and Gesture Correlation / 5.4.2:
Action Recognition / 5.5:
Human Silhouette / 6.1:
Hidden Conditional Random Fields / 6.2:
HCRF Potential Function / 6.2.1:
Observable HCRF / 6.2.2:
Space-Time Clouds / 6.3:
Clouds of Space-Time Interest Points / 6.3.1:
Joint Local and Global Feature Representation / 6.3.2:
Localisation and Detection / 6.4:
Tracking Salient Points / 6.4.1:
Automated Annotation / 6.4.2:
Group Behaviour / 6.5:
Supervised Learning of Group Activity / 7:
Contextual Events / 7.1:
Seeding Event: Measuring Pixel-Change-History / 7.1.1:
Classification of Contextual Events / 7.1.2:
Activity Segmentation / 7.2:
Semantic Content Extraction / 7.2.1:
Semantic Video Segmentation / 7.2.2:
Correlations of Temporal Processes / 7.3:
Behavioural Interpretation of Activities / 7.3.2:
Unsupervised Behaviour Profiling / 7.4:
Off-line Behaviour Profile Discovery / 8.1:
Behaviour Patterns / 8.1.1:
Behaviour Profiling by Data Mining / 8.1.2:
Behaviour Affinity Matrix / 8.1.3:
Eigendecomposition / 8.1.4:
Model Order Selection / 8.1.5:
Quantifying Eigenvector Relevance / 8.1.6:
On-line Anomaly Detection / 8.2:
A Composite Behaviour Model / 8.2.1:
Run-Time Anomaly Measure / 8.2.2:
On-line Likelihood Ratio Test / 8.2.3:
On-line Incremental Behaviour Modelling / 8.3:
Model Bootstrapping / 8.3.1:
Incremental Parameter Update / 8.3.2:
Model Structure Adaptation / 8.3.3:
Hierarchical Behaviour Discovery / 8.4:
Local Motion Events / 9.1:
Markov Clustering Topic Model / 9.2:
Off-line Model Learning by Gibbs Sampling / 9.2.1:
On-line Video Saliency Inference / 9.2.2:
On-line Video Screening / 9.3:
Model Complexity Control / 9.4:
Semi-supervised Learning of Behavioural Saliency / 9.5:
Learning Behavioural Context / 9.6:
Spatial Context / 10.1:
Behaviour-Footprint / 10.1.1:
Semantic Scene Decompostion / 10.1.2:
Correlational and Temporal Context / 10.2:
Learning Regional Context / 10.2.1:
Learning Global Context / 10.2.2:
Context-Aware Anomly Detection / 10.3:
Modelling Rare and Subtle Behaviours / 10.4:
Weakly Supervised Joint Topic Model / 11.1:
Model Structure / 11.1.1:
Model Parameters / 11.1.2:
On-line Behaviour Classification / 11.2:
Localisation of Rare Behaviour / 11.3:
Man in the Loop / 11.4:
Active Behaviour Learning Strategy / 12.1:
Local Block-Based Behaviour / 12.2:
Bayesian Classification / 12.3:
Query Criteria / 12.4:
Likelihood Criterion / 12.4.1:
Uncertainty Criterion / 12.4.2:
Adaptive Query Selection / 12.5:
Multi-camera Behaviour Correlation / 12.6:
Multi-view Activity Representation / 13.1:
Local Bivariate Time-Series Events / 13.1.1:
Activity-Based Scene Decomposition / 13.1.2:
Learning Pair-Wise Correlation / 13.2:
Cross Canonical Correlation Analysis / 13.2.1:
Time-Delayed Mutual Information Analysis / 13.2.2:
Multi-camera Topology Inference / 13.3:
Person Re-identification / 13.4:
Re-identification by Ranking / 14.1:
Support Vector Ranking / 14.1.1:
Scalability and Complexity / 14.1.2:
Ensemble Rank SVM / 14.1.3:
Context-Aware Search / 14.2:
Connecting the Dots / 14.3:
Global Behaviour Segmentation / 15.1:
Bayesian Behaviour Graphs / 15.2:
A Time-Delayed Probalistic Graphical Model / 15.2.1:
Bayesian Graph Structure Learning / 15.2.2:
Bayesian Graph Parameter Learning / 15.2.3:
Cumulative Anomaly Score / 15.2.4:
Incremental Model Structure Learning / 15.2.5:
Global Awareness / 15.3:
Time-Ordered Latent Dirichlet Allocation / 15.3.1:
On-line Prediction and Anomaly Detection / 15.3.2:
Epilogue / 15.4:
Index
Introduction / Part I:
About Behaviour / 1:
Understanding Behaviour / 1.1:
28.
EB
Shaogang Gong, Tao Xiang
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SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer London, 2011
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Introduction / Part I:
About Behaviour / 1:
Understanding Behaviour / 1.1:
Representation and Modelling / 1.1.1:
Detection and Classification / 1.1.2:
Prediction and Association / 1.1.3:
Opportunities / 1.2:
Visual Surveillance / 1.2.1:
Video Indexing and Search / 1.2.2:
Robotics and Healthcare / 1.2.3:
Interaction, Animation and Computer Games / 1.2.4:
Challenges / 1.3:
Complexity / 1.3.1:
Uncertainty / 1.3.2:
The Approach / 1.4:
References
Behaviour in Context / 2:
Facial Expression / 2.1:
Body Gesture / 2.2:
Human Action / 2.3:
Human Intent / 2.4:
Group Activity / 2.5:
Crowd Behaviour / 2.6:
Distributed Behaviour / 2.7:
Holistic Awareness: Connecting the Dots / 2.8:
Towards Modelling Behaviour / 3:
Behaviour Representation / 3.1:
Object-Based Representation / 3.1.1:
Part-Based Representation / 3.1.2:
Pixel-Based Representation / 3.1.3:
Event-Based Representation / 3.1.4:
Probabilistic Graphical Models / 3.2:
Static Bayesian Networks / 3.2.1:
Dynamic Bayesian Networks / 3.2.2:
Probabilistic Topic Models / 3.2.3:
Learning Strategies / 3.3:
Supervised Learning / 3.3.1:
Unsupervised Learning / 3.3.2:
Semi-supervised Learning / 3.3.3:
Weakly Supervised Learning / 3.3.4:
Active Learning / 3.3.5:
Sing-Object Behaviour / Part II:
Understanding Facial Expression / 4:
Classification of Images / 4.1:
Local Binary Patterns / 4.1.1:
Designing Classifiers / 4.1.2:
Feature Selection by Boosting / 4.1.3:
Manifold and Temporal Modelling / 4.2:
Locality Preserving Projections / 4.2.1:
Bayesian Temporal Models / 4.2.2:
Discussion / 4.3:
Modelling Gesture / 5:
Tracking Gesture / 5.1:
Motion Moment Trajectory / 5.1.1:
2D Colour-Based Tracking / 5.1.2:
Bayesian Association / 5.1.3:
3D Model-Based Tracking / 5.1.4:
Segmentation and Atomic Action / 5.2:
Temporal Segmentation / 5.2.1:
Atomic Actions / 5.2.2:
Markov Processes / 5.3:
Affective State Analysis / 5.4:
Space-Time Interest Points / 5.4.1:
Expression and Gesture Correlation / 5.4.2:
Action Recognition / 5.5:
Human Silhouette / 6.1:
Hidden Conditional Random Fields / 6.2:
HCRF Potential Function / 6.2.1:
Observable HCRF / 6.2.2:
Space-Time Clouds / 6.3:
Clouds of Space-Time Interest Points / 6.3.1:
Joint Local and Global Feature Representation / 6.3.2:
Localisation and Detection / 6.4:
Tracking Salient Points / 6.4.1:
Automated Annotation / 6.4.2:
Group Behaviour / 6.5:
Supervised Learning of Group Activity / 7:
Contextual Events / 7.1:
Seeding Event: Measuring Pixel-Change-History / 7.1.1:
Classification of Contextual Events / 7.1.2:
Activity Segmentation / 7.2:
Semantic Content Extraction / 7.2.1:
Semantic Video Segmentation / 7.2.2:
Correlations of Temporal Processes / 7.3:
Behavioural Interpretation of Activities / 7.3.2:
Unsupervised Behaviour Profiling / 7.4:
Off-line Behaviour Profile Discovery / 8.1:
Behaviour Patterns / 8.1.1:
Behaviour Profiling by Data Mining / 8.1.2:
Behaviour Affinity Matrix / 8.1.3:
Eigendecomposition / 8.1.4:
Model Order Selection / 8.1.5:
Quantifying Eigenvector Relevance / 8.1.6:
On-line Anomaly Detection / 8.2:
A Composite Behaviour Model / 8.2.1:
Run-Time Anomaly Measure / 8.2.2:
On-line Likelihood Ratio Test / 8.2.3:
On-line Incremental Behaviour Modelling / 8.3:
Model Bootstrapping / 8.3.1:
Incremental Parameter Update / 8.3.2:
Model Structure Adaptation / 8.3.3:
Hierarchical Behaviour Discovery / 8.4:
Local Motion Events / 9.1:
Markov Clustering Topic Model / 9.2:
Off-line Model Learning by Gibbs Sampling / 9.2.1:
On-line Video Saliency Inference / 9.2.2:
On-line Video Screening / 9.3:
Model Complexity Control / 9.4:
Semi-supervised Learning of Behavioural Saliency / 9.5:
Learning Behavioural Context / 9.6:
Spatial Context / 10.1:
Behaviour-Footprint / 10.1.1:
Semantic Scene Decompostion / 10.1.2:
Correlational and Temporal Context / 10.2:
Learning Regional Context / 10.2.1:
Learning Global Context / 10.2.2:
Context-Aware Anomly Detection / 10.3:
Modelling Rare and Subtle Behaviours / 10.4:
Weakly Supervised Joint Topic Model / 11.1:
Model Structure / 11.1.1:
Model Parameters / 11.1.2:
On-line Behaviour Classification / 11.2:
Localisation of Rare Behaviour / 11.3:
Man in the Loop / 11.4:
Active Behaviour Learning Strategy / 12.1:
Local Block-Based Behaviour / 12.2:
Bayesian Classification / 12.3:
Query Criteria / 12.4:
Likelihood Criterion / 12.4.1:
Uncertainty Criterion / 12.4.2:
Adaptive Query Selection / 12.5:
Multi-camera Behaviour Correlation / 12.6:
Multi-view Activity Representation / 13.1:
Local Bivariate Time-Series Events / 13.1.1:
Activity-Based Scene Decomposition / 13.1.2:
Learning Pair-Wise Correlation / 13.2:
Cross Canonical Correlation Analysis / 13.2.1:
Time-Delayed Mutual Information Analysis / 13.2.2:
Multi-camera Topology Inference / 13.3:
Person Re-identification / 13.4:
Re-identification by Ranking / 14.1:
Support Vector Ranking / 14.1.1:
Scalability and Complexity / 14.1.2:
Ensemble Rank SVM / 14.1.3:
Context-Aware Search / 14.2:
Connecting the Dots / 14.3:
Global Behaviour Segmentation / 15.1:
Bayesian Behaviour Graphs / 15.2:
A Time-Delayed Probalistic Graphical Model / 15.2.1:
Bayesian Graph Structure Learning / 15.2.2:
Bayesian Graph Parameter Learning / 15.2.3:
Cumulative Anomaly Score / 15.2.4:
Incremental Model Structure Learning / 15.2.5:
Global Awareness / 15.3:
Time-Ordered Latent Dirichlet Allocation / 15.3.1:
On-line Prediction and Anomaly Detection / 15.3.2:
Epilogue / 15.4:
Index
Introduction / Part I:
About Behaviour / 1:
Understanding Behaviour / 1.1:
29.
EB
Sylvie Pommier, Anthony Gravouil, Alain Combescure, Nicolas Moes
出版情報:
Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , Wiley-ISTE, 2011
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Foreword
Acknowledgements
List of Symbols
Introduction
Elementary Concepts of Fracture Mechanics / Chapter 1:
Superposition principle / 1.1:
Modes of crack straining / 1.3:
Singular fields at cracking point / 1.4:
Asymptotic solutions in Mode I / 1.4.1:
Asymptotic solutions in Mode II / 1.4.2:
Asymptotic solutions in Mode III / 1.4.3:
Conclusions / 1.4.4:
Crack propagation criteria / 1.5:
Local criterion / 1.5.1:
Energy criterion / 1.5.2:
Energy release rate G / 1.5.2.1:
Relationship between G and stress intensity factors / 1.5.2.2:
How the crack is propagated / 1.5.2.3:
Propagation velocity / 1.5.2.4:
Direction of crack propagation / 1.5.2.5:
Representation of Fixed and Moving Discontinuities / Chapter 2:
Geometric representation of a crack: a scale problem / 2.1:
Link between the geometric representation of the crack and the crack model / 2.1.1:
Link between the geometric representation of the crack and the numerical method used for crack growth simulation / 2.1.2:
Crack representation by level sets / 2.2:
Definition of level sets / 2.2.1:
Level sets discretization / 2.2.3:
Initialization of level sets / 2.2.4:
Simulation of the geometric propagation of a crack / 2.3:
Some examples of strategies for crack propagation simulation / 2.3.1:
Crack propagation modeled by level sets / 2.3.2:
Numerical methods dedicated to level set propagation / 2.3.3:
Prospects of the geometric representation of cracks / 2.4:
Extended Finite Element Method X-FEM / Chapter 3:
Going back to discretization methods / 3.1:
Formulation of the problem and notations / 3.2.1:
The Rayleigh-Ritz approximation / 3.2.2:
Finite element method / 3.2.3:
Meshless methods / 3.2.4:
The partition of unity / 3.2.5:
X-FEM discontinuity modeling / 3.3:
Introduction, case of a cracked bar / 3.3.1:
Case a: crack positioned on a node / 3.3.1.1:
Case b: crack between two nodes / 3.3.1.2:
Variants / 3.3.2:
Extension to two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases / 3.3.3:
Level sets within the framework of the eXtended finite element method / 3.3.4:
Technical and mathematical aspects / 3.4:
Integration / 3.4.1:
Conditioning / 3.4.2:
Evaluation of the stress intensity factors / 3.5:
The Eshelby tensor and the J integral / 3.5.1:
Interaction integrals / 3.5.2:
Considering volumic forces / 3.5.3:
Considering thermal loading / 3.5.4:
Non-linear Problems, Crack Growth by Fatigue / Chapter 4:
Fatigue and non-linear fracture mechanics / 4.1:
Mechanisms of crack growth by fatigue / 4.2.1:
Macroscopic crack growth rate and striation formation / 4.2.1.1:
Fatigue crack growth rate of long cracks, Paris law / 4.2.1.4:
Brief conclusions / 4.2.1.5:
Confined plasticity and consequences for crack growth / 4.2.2:
Irwin's plastic zones / 4.2.2.1:
Role of the T stress / 4.2.2.2:
Role of material hardening / 4.2.2.3:
Cyclic plasticity / 4.2.2.4:
Effect of residual stress on crack propagation / 4.2.2.5:
eXtended constitutive law / 4.3:
Scale-up method for fatigue crack growth / 4.3.1:
Procedure / 4.3.1.1:
Scaling / 4.3.1.2:
Assessment / 4.3.1.3:
Damage law / 4.3.2:
Plasticity threshold / 4.3.2.2:
Plastic flow rule / 4.3.2.3:
Evolution law of the center of the elastic domain / 4.3.2.4:
Model parameters / 4.3.2.5:
Comparisons / 4.3.2.6:
Applications / 4.4:
Mode I crack growth under variable loading / 4.4.1:
Effect of the T stress / 4.4.2:
Applications: Numerical Simulation of Crack Growth / Chapter 5:
Energy conservation: an essential ingredient / 5.1:
Proof of energy conservation / 5.1.1:
X-FEM approach / 5.1.1.1:
Cohesive zone models / 5.1.1.2:
Energy conservation for adaptive cohesive zones / 5.1.1.3:
Case where the material behavior depends on history / 5.1.2:
Examples of crack growth by fatigue simulations / 5.2:
Calculation of linear fatigue crack growth simulation / 5.2.1:
Two-dimensional fatigue tests / 5.2.2:
Test-piece CTS: crack growth in mode 1 / 5.2.2.1:
Arcan test piece: crack growth in mixed mode / 5.2.2.2:
Three-dimensional fatigue cracks Propavanfiss project / 5.2.3:
Internal crack growth rate / 5.2.3.1:
Propagation of corner cracks / 5.2.4:
Dynamic fracture simulation / 5.3:
Effects of crack speed a and crack growth criteria / 5.3.1:
Analytical solution: rectilinear crack propagation on a reference problem / 5.3.2:
Kalthoff experiment / 5.3.3:
Tests on test pieces CCS of Maigre-Rittel / 5.3.4:
Réthoré, Gregoire and Maigre tests / 5.3.5:
X-FEM method in explicit dynamics / 5.3.6:
Simulation of ductile fracture / 5.4:
Characteristics of material 16MND5 / 5.4.1:
Dynamic characterization of the material / 5.4.1.1:
Fracture tests / 5.4.1.2:
Crack advancement measurement device / 5.4.1.3:
Description of tests on CT test pieces / 5.4.1.4:
Numerical simulation / 5.4.1.5:
Ring test and interpretation / 5.4.2:
Geometry, mesh, and loading / 5.4.2.1:
Interpretation of the test in Mode I / 5.4.2.2:
Interpretation of the test in mixed mode / 5.4.2.3:
Conclusions and Open Problems
Summary
Bibliography
Index
Foreword
Acknowledgements
List of Symbols
30.
EB
Gabriele Puppis, Takeo Kanade
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1:
Word Automata and Time Granularities / 2:
Background Knowledge / 2.1:
Words and Languages / 2.1.1:
Periodicity of Words / 2.1.2:
Word Automata / 2.1.3:
Time Granularities / 2.1.4:
The String-Based and Automaton-Based Approaches / 2.2:
The Granspec Formalism / 2.2.1:
From Granspecs to Single-String Automata / 2.2.2:
Counters and Multiple Transitions / 2.2.3:
The Logical Counterpart of RCSSA / 2.2.4:
Compact and Tractable Representations / 2.3:
Nested Repetitions of Words / 2.3.1:
Algorithms on NCSSA / 2.3.2:
Optimizing Representations / 2.3.3:
Reasoning on Sets of Granularities / 2.4:
Languages of Ultimately Periodic Words / 2.4.1:
Ultimately Periodic Automata / 2.4.2:
Algorithms on UPA / 2.4.3:
Applications to Time Granularity / 2.4.4:
Discussion / 2.5:
Tree Automata and Logics / 3:
Graphs and Trees / 3.1:
Tree Automata / 3.1.2:
Monadic Second-Order Logic / 3.1.3:
The Model Checking Problem / 3.1.4:
The Contraction Method for Tree Automata / 3.2:
Features and Types / 3.2.1:
Types and the Acceptance Problem / 3.2.2:
From Trees to Their Retractions / 3.2.3:
An Example / 3.2.4:
Tree Transformations / 3.3:
Tree Recolorings / 3.3.1:
Tree Substitutions / 3.3.2:
Tree Transducers / 3.3.3:
Inverse Substitutions / 3.3.4:
A Summary / 3.3.5:
The Class of Reducible Trees / 3.4:
Compositional Properties of Types / 3.4.1:
Closure Properties / 3.4.2:
Effectiveness of the Contraction Method / 3.5:
Reducible Trees and the Caucal Hierarchy / 3.5.1:
Two-Way Alternating Tree Automata / 3.5.2:
Morphic Trees / 3.5.3:
Layered Temporal Structures / 3.5.4:
Summary / 3.6:
Technical Proofs / A:
Proofs of Theorem 5 and Theorem 6 / A.l:
Proof of Theorem 8 / A.2:
Proof of Proposition 34 / A.3:
References
Notation
Index
Introduction / 1:
Word Automata and Time Granularities / 2:
Background Knowledge / 2.1:
31.
図書
Gregory Falkovich
出版情報:
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2011 xii, 167 p. ; 24 cm
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Preface
Prologue
Basic equations and steady flows / 1:
Definitions and basic equations / 1.1:
Definitions / 1.1.1:
Equations of motion for an ideal fluid / 1.1.2:
Hydrostatics / 1.1.3:
Isentropic motion / 1.1.4:
Conservation laws and potential flows / 1.2:
Kinematics / 1.2.1:
Kelvin's theorem / 1.2.2:
Energy and momentum fluxes / 1.2.3:
Irrotational and incompressible flows / 1.2.4:
Flow past a body / 1.3:
Incompressible potential flow past a body / 1.3.1:
Moving sphere / 1.3.2:
Moving body of an arbitrary shape / 1.3.3:
Quasi-momentum and induced mass / 1.3.4:
Viscosity / 1.4:
Reversibility paradox / 1.4.1:
Viscous stress tensor / 1.4.2:
Navier-Stokes equation / 1.4.3:
Law of similarity / 1.4.4:
Stokes flow and the wake / 1.5:
Slow motion / 1.5.1:
The boundary layer and the separation phenomenon / 1.5.2:
Flow transformations / 1.5.3:
Drag and lift with a wake / 1.5.4:
Exercises
Unsteady flows / 2:
Instabilities / 2.1:
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability / 2.1.1:
Energetic estimate of the stability threshold / 2.1.2:
Landau's law / 2.1.3:
Turbulence / 2.2:
Cascade / 2.2.1:
Turbulent river and wake / 2.2.2:
Acoustics / 2.3:
Sound / 2.3.1:
Riemann wave / 2.3.2:
Burgers equation / 2.3.3:
Acoustic turbulence / 2.3.4:
Mach number / 2.3.5:
Dispersive waves / 3:
Linear waves / 3.1:
Surface gravity waves / 3.1.1:
Viscous dissipation / 3.1.2:
Capillary waves / 3.1.3:
Phase and group velocity / 3.1.4:
Weakly non-linear waves / 3.2:
Hamiltonian description / 3.2.1:
Hamiltonian normal forms / 3.2.2:
Wave instabilities / 3.2.3:
Non-linear Schrödinger equation (NSE) / 3.3:
Derivation of NSE / 3.3.1:
Modulational instability / 3.3.2:
Soliton, collapse and turbulence / 3.3.3:
Korteveg-de-Vries (KdV) equation / 3.4:
Waves in shallow water / 3.4.1:
The KdV equation and the soliton / 3.4.2:
Inverse scattering transform / 3.4.3:
Solutions to exercises / 4:
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Epilogue
Notes
References
Index
Preface
Prologue
Basic equations and steady flows / 1:
32.
EB
Gabriele Puppis, Takeo Kanade
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1:
Word Automata and Time Granularities / 2:
Background Knowledge / 2.1:
Words and Languages / 2.1.1:
Periodicity of Words / 2.1.2:
Word Automata / 2.1.3:
Time Granularities / 2.1.4:
The String-Based and Automaton-Based Approaches / 2.2:
The Granspec Formalism / 2.2.1:
From Granspecs to Single-String Automata / 2.2.2:
Counters and Multiple Transitions / 2.2.3:
The Logical Counterpart of RCSSA / 2.2.4:
Compact and Tractable Representations / 2.3:
Nested Repetitions of Words / 2.3.1:
Algorithms on NCSSA / 2.3.2:
Optimizing Representations / 2.3.3:
Reasoning on Sets of Granularities / 2.4:
Languages of Ultimately Periodic Words / 2.4.1:
Ultimately Periodic Automata / 2.4.2:
Algorithms on UPA / 2.4.3:
Applications to Time Granularity / 2.4.4:
Discussion / 2.5:
Tree Automata and Logics / 3:
Graphs and Trees / 3.1:
Tree Automata / 3.1.2:
Monadic Second-Order Logic / 3.1.3:
The Model Checking Problem / 3.1.4:
The Contraction Method for Tree Automata / 3.2:
Features and Types / 3.2.1:
Types and the Acceptance Problem / 3.2.2:
From Trees to Their Retractions / 3.2.3:
An Example / 3.2.4:
Tree Transformations / 3.3:
Tree Recolorings / 3.3.1:
Tree Substitutions / 3.3.2:
Tree Transducers / 3.3.3:
Inverse Substitutions / 3.3.4:
A Summary / 3.3.5:
The Class of Reducible Trees / 3.4:
Compositional Properties of Types / 3.4.1:
Closure Properties / 3.4.2:
Effectiveness of the Contraction Method / 3.5:
Reducible Trees and the Caucal Hierarchy / 3.5.1:
Two-Way Alternating Tree Automata / 3.5.2:
Morphic Trees / 3.5.3:
Layered Temporal Structures / 3.5.4:
Summary / 3.6:
Technical Proofs / A:
Proofs of Theorem 5 and Theorem 6 / A.l:
Proof of Theorem 8 / A.2:
Proof of Proposition 34 / A.3:
References
Notation
Index
Introduction / 1:
Word Automata and Time Granularities / 2:
Background Knowledge / 2.1:
33.
EB
Albert C. J. Luo, Michal Feckan, Nail H. Ibragimov, Michal FeÄkan
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
References
Preliminary Results / 2:
Linear Functional Analysis / 2.1:
Nonlinear Functional Analysis / 2.2:
Banach Fixed Point Theorem / 2.2.1:
Implicit Function Theorem / 2.2.2:
Lyapunov-Schmidt Method / 2.2.3:
Brouwer Degree / 2.2.4:
Local Invertibility / 2.2.5:
Global Invertibility / 2.2.6:
Multivalued Mappings / 2.3:
Differential Topology / 2.4:
Differentiable Manifolds / 2.4.1:
Vector Bundles / 2.4.2:
Tubular Neighbourhoods / 2.4.3:
Dynamical Systems / 2.5:
Homogenous Linear Equations / 2.5.1:
Chaos in Diffeomorphisms / 2.5.2:
Periodic ODEs / 2.5.3:
Vector Fields / 2.5.4:
Global Center Manifolds / 2.5.5:
Two-Dimensional Flows / 2.5.6:
Averaging Method / 2.5.7:
Carathéodory Type ODEs / 2.5.8:
Singularities of Smooth Maps / 2.6:
Jet Bundles / 2.6.1:
Transversality / 2.6.2:
Malgrange Preparation Theorem / 2.6.4:
Complex Analysis / 2.6.5:
Chaos in Discrete Dynamical Systems / 3:
Transversal Bounded Solutions / 3.1:
Difference Equations / 3.1.1:
Variational Equation / 3.1.2:
Perturbation Theory / 3.1.3:
Bifurcation from a Manifold of Homoclinic Solutions / 3.1.4:
Applications to Impulsive Differential Equations / 3.1.5:
Transversal Homoclinic Orbits / 3.2:
Higher Dimensional Difference Equations / 3.2.1:
Bifurcation Result / 3.2.2:
Applications to McMillan Type Mappings / 3.2.3:
Planar Integrable Maps with Separatrices / 3.2.4:
Singular Impulsive ODEs / 3.3:
Singular ODEs with Impulses / 3.3.1:
Linear Singular ODEs with Impulses / 3.3.2:
Derivation of the Melnikov Function / 3.3.3:
Examples of Singular Impulsive ODEs / 3.3.4:
Singularly Perturbed Impulsive ODEs / 3.4:
Singularly Perturbed ODEs with Impulses / 3.4.1:
Melnikov Function / 3.4.2:
Second Order Singularly Perturbed ODEs with Impulses / 3.4.3:
Inflated Deterministic Chaos / 3.5:
Inflated Dynamical Systems / 3.5.1:
Inflated Chaos / 3.5.2:
Chaos in Ordinary Differential Equations / 4:
Higher Dimensional ODEs / 4.1:
Parameterized Higher Dimensional ODEs / 4.1.1:
Variational Equations / 4.1.2:
Melnikov Mappings / 4.1.3:
The Second Order Melnikov Function / 4.1.4:
Application to Periodically Perturbed ODEs / 4.1.5:
ODEs with Nonresonant Center Manifolds / 4.2:
Parameterized Coupled Oscillators / 4.2.1:
Chaotic Dynamics on the Hyperbolic Subspace / 4.2.2:
Chaos in the Full Equation / 4.2.3:
Applications to Nonlinear ODEs / 4.2.4:
ODEs with Resonant Center Manifolds / 4.3:
ODEs with Saddle-Center Parts / 4.3.1:
Example of Coupled Oscillators at Resonance / 4.3.2:
General Equations / 4.3.3:
Singularly Perturbed and Forced ODEs / 4.3.4:
Forced Singular ODEs / 4.4.1:
Center Manifold Reduction / 4.4.2:
ODEs with Normal and Slow Variables / 4.4.3:
Homoclinic Hopf Bifurcation / 4.4.4:
Bifurcation from Degenerate Homoclinics / 4.5:
Periodically Forced ODEs with Degenerate Homoclinics / 4.5.1:
Bifurcation Equation / 4.5.2:
Bifurcation for 2-Parametric Systems / 4.5.3:
Bifurcation for 4-Parametric Systems / 4.5.4:
Autonomous Perturbations / 4.5.5:
Inflated ODEs / 4.6:
Inflated Carathéodory Type ODEs / 4.6.1:
Inflated Periodic ODEs / 4.6.2:
Inflated Autonomous ODEs / 4.6.3:
Nonlinear Diatomic Lattices / 4.7:
Forced and Coupled Nonlinear Lattices / 4.7.1:
Spatially Localized Chaos / 4.7.2:
Chaos in Partial Differential Equations / 5:
Beams on Elastic Bearings / 5.1:
Weakly Nonlinear Beam Equation / 5.1.1:
Setting of the Problem / 5.1.2:
Chaotic Solutions / 5.1.3:
Useful Numerical Estimates / 5.1.5:
Lipschitz Continuity / 5.1.6:
Infinite Dimensional Non-Resonant Systems / 5.2:
Buckled Elastic Beam / 5.2.1:
Abstract Problem / 5.2.2:
Chaos on the Hyperbolic Subspace / 5.2.3:
Applications to Vibrating Elastic Beams / 5.2.4:
Planer Motion with One Buckled Mode / 5.2.6:
Nonplaner Symmetric Beams / 5.2.7:
Nonplaner Nonsymmetric Beams / 5.2.8:
Multiple Buckled Modes / 5.2.9:
Periodically Forced Compressed Beam / 5.3:
Resonant Compressed Equation / 5.3.1:
Formulation of Weak Solutions / 5.3.2:
Chaos in Discontinuous Differential Equations / 5.3.3:
Transversal Homoclinic Bifurcation / 6.1:
Discontinuous Differential Equations / 6.1.1:
Geometric Interpretation of Nondegeneracy Condition / 6.1.2:
Orbits Close to the Lower Homoclinic Branches / 6.1.4:
Orbits Close to the Upper Homoclinic Branch / 6.1.5:
Chaotic Behaviour / 6.1.6:
Almost and Quasiperiodic Cases / 6.1.8:
Periodic Case / 6.1.9:
Piecewise Smooth Planar Systems / 6.1.10:
3D Quasiperiodic Piecewise Linear Systems / 6.1.11:
Multiple Transversal Crossings / 6.1.12:
Sliding Homoclinic Bifurcation / 6.2:
Higher Dimensional Sliding Homoclinics / 6.2.1:
Planar Sliding Homoclinics / 6.2.2:
Three-Dimensional Sliding Homoclinics / 6.2.3:
Outlook / 6.3:
Concluding Related Topics / 7:
Notes on Melnikov Function / 7.1:
Role of Melnikov Function / 7.1.1:
Melnikov Function and Calculus of Residues / 7.1.2:
Second Order ODEs / 7.1.3:
Applications and Examples / 7.1.4:
Transverse Heteroclinic Cycles / 7.2:
Blue Sky Catastrophes / 7.3:
Symmetric Systems with First Integrals / 7.3.1:
D'Alembert and Penalized Equations / 7.3.2:
Index
Introduction / 1:
References
Preliminary Results / 2:
34.
EB
Gerald Kowalski
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer US, 2011
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Information Retrieval System Functions / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Primary Information Retrieval Problems / 1.1.1:
Objectives of Information Retrieval System / 1.1.2:
Functional Overview of Information Retrieval Systems / 1.2:
Selective Dissemination of Information / 1.2.1:
Alerts / 1.2.2:
Items and Item Index / 1.2.3:
Indexing and Mapping to a Taxonomy / 1.2.4:
Understanding Search Functions / 1.3:
Boolean Logic / 1.3.1:
Proximity / 1.3.2:
Contiguous Word Phrases / 1.3.3:
Fuzzy Searches / 1.3.4:
Term Masking / 1.3.5:
Numeric and Date Ranges / 1.3.6:
Vocabulary Browse / 1.3.7:
Multimedia Search / 1.3.8:
Relationship to Database Management Systems / 1.4:
Digital Libraries and Data Warehouses / 1.5:
Processing Subsystem Overview / 1.6:
Summary / 1.7:
Exercises / 1.8:
Data Structures and Mathematical Algorithms / 2:
Data Structures / 2.1:
Introduction to Data Structures / 2.1.1:
Inverted File Structure / 2.1.2:
N-Gram Data Structures / 2.1.3:
PAT Data Structure / 2.1.4:
Signature File Structure / 2.1.5:
Hypertext and XML Data Structures / 2.1.6:
XML / 2.1.7:
Mathematical Algorithms / 2.2:
Bayesian Mathematics / 2.2.1:
Shannon's Theory of Information / 2.2.3:
Latent Semantic Indexing / 2.2.4:
Hidden Markov Models / 2.2.5:
Neural Networks / 2.2.6:
Support Vector Machines / 2.2.7:
Ingest / 2.3:
Introduction to Ingest / 3.1:
Item Receipt / 3.2:
Duplicate Detection / 3.3:
Item Normalization / 3.4:
Zoning and Creation of Processing Tokens / 3.5:
Stemming / 3.6:
Introduction to the Stemming Process / 3.6.1:
Porter Stemming Algorithm / 3.6.2:
Dictionary Look-Up Stemmers / 3.6.3:
Successor Stemmers / 3.6.4:
Conclusions on Stemming / 3.6.5:
Entity Processing / 3.7:
Entity Identification / 3.7.1:
Entity Normalization / 3.7.2:
Entity Resolution / 3.7.3:
Information Extraction / 3.7.4:
Categorization / 3.8:
Citational Metadata / 3.9:
Indexing / 3.10:
What is Indexing / 4.1:
History / 4.1.1:
Objectives / 4.1.2:
Manual Indexing Process / 4.2:
Scope of Indexing / 4.2.1:
Precoordination and Linkages / 4.2.2:
Automatic Indexing of Text / 4.3:
Statistical Indexing / 4.3.1:
Natural Language / 4.3.2:
Concept Indexing / 4.3.3:
Automatic Indexing of Multimedia / 4.4:
Introduction to Mutlimedia Indexing / 4.4.1:
Audio Indexing / 4.4.2:
Image Indexing / 4.4.3:
Video Indexing / 4.4.4:
Search / 4.5:
Similarity Measures and Ranking / 5.1:
Similarity Measures / 5.2.1:
Hidden Markov Models Techniques / 5.3:
Ranking Algorithms / 5.4:
Relevance Feedback / 5.5:
Selective Dissemination of Information Search / 5.6:
Weighted Searches of Boolean Systems / 5.7:
Multimedia Searching / 5.8:
Document and Term Clustering / 5.9:
Introduction to Clustering / 6.1:
Thesaurus Generation / 6.2:
Manual Clustering / 6.2.1:
Automatic Term Clustering / 6.2.2:
Item Clustering / 6.3:
Hierarchy of Clusters / 6.4:
Automatic Hierarchical Cluster Algorithms / 6.4.1:
Measure of Tightness for Cluster / 6.5:
Issues with Use of Hierarchical Cluster Algorithms / 6.6:
Information Presentation / 6.7:
Information Presentation Introduction / 7.1:
Presentation of the Hits / 7.2:
Sequential Listing of Hits / 7.2.1:
Cluster View / 7.2.2:
Network View / 7.2.3:
Timeline Presentation / 7.2.4:
Display of the Item / 7.3:
Indicating Search Terms in Display / 7.3.1:
Text Summarization / 7.3.2:
Collaborative Filtering / 7.4:
Page Ranking as Collaborative Filtering / 7.4.1:
Multimedia Presentation / 7.5:
Audio Presentation / 7.5.1:
Image Item Presentation / 7.5.2:
Video Presentation / 7.5.3:
Human Perception and Presentation / 7.6:
Introduction to Information Visualization / 7.6.1:
Cognition and Perception / 7.6.2:
Search Architecture / 7.7:
Index Search Optimization / 8.1:
Pruning the Index / 8.1.1:
Champion Lists / 8.1.2:
Text Search Optimization / 8.2:
Software Text Search Algorithms / 8.2.1:
Hardware Text Search Systems / 8.2.2:
GOOGLE Scalable Multiprocessor Architecture / 8.3:
Information System Evaluation / 8.4:
Introduction to Information System Evaluation / 9.1:
Measures Used in System Evaluations / 9.2:
Multimedia Information Retrieval Evaluation / 9.3:
Measurement Example: TREC Evolution / 9.4:
Bibliography / 9.5:
Index
Information Retrieval System Functions / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Primary Information Retrieval Problems / 1.1.1:
35.
EB
Gerald Kowalski
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer US, 2011
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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目次情報:
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Information Retrieval System Functions / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Primary Information Retrieval Problems / 1.1.1:
Objectives of Information Retrieval System / 1.1.2:
Functional Overview of Information Retrieval Systems / 1.2:
Selective Dissemination of Information / 1.2.1:
Alerts / 1.2.2:
Items and Item Index / 1.2.3:
Indexing and Mapping to a Taxonomy / 1.2.4:
Understanding Search Functions / 1.3:
Boolean Logic / 1.3.1:
Proximity / 1.3.2:
Contiguous Word Phrases / 1.3.3:
Fuzzy Searches / 1.3.4:
Term Masking / 1.3.5:
Numeric and Date Ranges / 1.3.6:
Vocabulary Browse / 1.3.7:
Multimedia Search / 1.3.8:
Relationship to Database Management Systems / 1.4:
Digital Libraries and Data Warehouses / 1.5:
Processing Subsystem Overview / 1.6:
Summary / 1.7:
Exercises / 1.8:
Data Structures and Mathematical Algorithms / 2:
Data Structures / 2.1:
Introduction to Data Structures / 2.1.1:
Inverted File Structure / 2.1.2:
N-Gram Data Structures / 2.1.3:
PAT Data Structure / 2.1.4:
Signature File Structure / 2.1.5:
Hypertext and XML Data Structures / 2.1.6:
XML / 2.1.7:
Mathematical Algorithms / 2.2:
Bayesian Mathematics / 2.2.1:
Shannon's Theory of Information / 2.2.3:
Latent Semantic Indexing / 2.2.4:
Hidden Markov Models / 2.2.5:
Neural Networks / 2.2.6:
Support Vector Machines / 2.2.7:
Ingest / 2.3:
Introduction to Ingest / 3.1:
Item Receipt / 3.2:
Duplicate Detection / 3.3:
Item Normalization / 3.4:
Zoning and Creation of Processing Tokens / 3.5:
Stemming / 3.6:
Introduction to the Stemming Process / 3.6.1:
Porter Stemming Algorithm / 3.6.2:
Dictionary Look-Up Stemmers / 3.6.3:
Successor Stemmers / 3.6.4:
Conclusions on Stemming / 3.6.5:
Entity Processing / 3.7:
Entity Identification / 3.7.1:
Entity Normalization / 3.7.2:
Entity Resolution / 3.7.3:
Information Extraction / 3.7.4:
Categorization / 3.8:
Citational Metadata / 3.9:
Indexing / 3.10:
What is Indexing / 4.1:
History / 4.1.1:
Objectives / 4.1.2:
Manual Indexing Process / 4.2:
Scope of Indexing / 4.2.1:
Precoordination and Linkages / 4.2.2:
Automatic Indexing of Text / 4.3:
Statistical Indexing / 4.3.1:
Natural Language / 4.3.2:
Concept Indexing / 4.3.3:
Automatic Indexing of Multimedia / 4.4:
Introduction to Mutlimedia Indexing / 4.4.1:
Audio Indexing / 4.4.2:
Image Indexing / 4.4.3:
Video Indexing / 4.4.4:
Search / 4.5:
Similarity Measures and Ranking / 5.1:
Similarity Measures / 5.2.1:
Hidden Markov Models Techniques / 5.3:
Ranking Algorithms / 5.4:
Relevance Feedback / 5.5:
Selective Dissemination of Information Search / 5.6:
Weighted Searches of Boolean Systems / 5.7:
Multimedia Searching / 5.8:
Document and Term Clustering / 5.9:
Introduction to Clustering / 6.1:
Thesaurus Generation / 6.2:
Manual Clustering / 6.2.1:
Automatic Term Clustering / 6.2.2:
Item Clustering / 6.3:
Hierarchy of Clusters / 6.4:
Automatic Hierarchical Cluster Algorithms / 6.4.1:
Measure of Tightness for Cluster / 6.5:
Issues with Use of Hierarchical Cluster Algorithms / 6.6:
Information Presentation / 6.7:
Information Presentation Introduction / 7.1:
Presentation of the Hits / 7.2:
Sequential Listing of Hits / 7.2.1:
Cluster View / 7.2.2:
Network View / 7.2.3:
Timeline Presentation / 7.2.4:
Display of the Item / 7.3:
Indicating Search Terms in Display / 7.3.1:
Text Summarization / 7.3.2:
Collaborative Filtering / 7.4:
Page Ranking as Collaborative Filtering / 7.4.1:
Multimedia Presentation / 7.5:
Audio Presentation / 7.5.1:
Image Item Presentation / 7.5.2:
Video Presentation / 7.5.3:
Human Perception and Presentation / 7.6:
Introduction to Information Visualization / 7.6.1:
Cognition and Perception / 7.6.2:
Search Architecture / 7.7:
Index Search Optimization / 8.1:
Pruning the Index / 8.1.1:
Champion Lists / 8.1.2:
Text Search Optimization / 8.2:
Software Text Search Algorithms / 8.2.1:
Hardware Text Search Systems / 8.2.2:
GOOGLE Scalable Multiprocessor Architecture / 8.3:
Information System Evaluation / 8.4:
Introduction to Information System Evaluation / 9.1:
Measures Used in System Evaluations / 9.2:
Multimedia Information Retrieval Evaluation / 9.3:
Measurement Example: TREC Evolution / 9.4:
Bibliography / 9.5:
Index
Information Retrieval System Functions / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Primary Information Retrieval Problems / 1.1.1:
36.
図書
edited by Xin-bo Zhang
出版情報:
Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2018 xiv, 417 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface
Introduction to Metal-Air Batteries: Theory and Basic Principles / Zhiwen Chang and Xin-bo Zhang1:
Li-O2 Battery / 1.1:
Sodium-O2 Battery / 1.2:
References
Stabilization of Lithium-Metal Anode in Rechargeable Lithium-Air Batteries / Bin Liu and Wu Xu and Ji-Guang Zhang2:
Introduction / 2.1:
Recent Progresses in Li Metal Protection for Li-O2 Batteries / 2.2:
Design of Composite Protective Layers / 2.2.1:
New Insights on the Use of Electrolyte / 2.2.2:
Functional Separators / 2.2.3:
Solid-State Electrolytes / 2.2.4:
Alternative Anodes / 2.2.5:
Challenges and Perspectives / 2.3:
Acknowledgment
Li-Air Batteries: Discharge Products / Xuanxuan Bi and Rongyue Wang and Jun Lu3:
Discharge Products in Aprotic Li-O2 Batteries / 3.1:
Peroxide-based Li-O2 Batteries / 3.2.1:
Electrochemical Reactions / 3.2.1.1:
Crystalline and Electronic Band Structure of Li2 O2 / 3.2.1.2:
Reaction Mechanism and the Coexistence of Li2 O2 and LiO2 / 3.2.1.3:
Super oxide-based Li-02 Batteries / 3.2.2:
Problems and Challenges in Aprotic Li-O2 Batteries / 3.2.3:
Decomposition of the Electrolyte / 3.2.3.1:
Degradation of the Carbon Cathode / 3.2.3.2:
Discharge Products in Li-Air Batteries / 3.3:
Challenges to Exchanging O2 to Air / 3.3.1:
Effect of Water on Discharge Products / 3.3.2:
Effect of Small Amount of Water / 3.3.2.1:
Aqueous Li-O2 Batteries / 3.3.2.2:
Effect of C02 on Discharge Products / 3.3.3:
Current Li-Air Batteries and Perspectives / 3.3.4:
Electrolytes for Li-O2 Batteries / Alex R. Neale and Peter Goodrich and Christopher Hardacre and Johan Jacquemin4:
General Li-O2 Battery Electrolyte Requirements and Considerations / 4.1:
Electrolyte Salts / 4.1.1:
Ethers and Glymes / 4.1.2:
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) and Sulfones / 4.1.3:
Nitriles / 4.1.4:
Amides / 4.1.5:
Ionic Liquids / 4.1.6:
Future Outlook / 4.1.7:
Li-Oxygen Battery: Parasitic Reactions / Xiahui Yao and Qi Dong and Qingmei Cheng and Dunwei Wang5:
The Desired and Parasitic Chemical Reactions for Li-Oxygen Batteries / 5.1:
Parasitic Reactions of the Electrolyte / 5.2:
Nucleophilic Attack / 5.2.1:
Autoxidation Reaction / 5.2.2:
Acid-Base Reaction / 5.2.3:
Proton-mediated Parasitic Reaction / 5.2.4:
Additional Parasitic Chemical Reactions of the Electrolyte: Reduction Reaction / 5.2.5:
Parasitic Reactions at the Cathode / 5.3:
The Corrosion of Carbon in the Discharge Process / 5.3.1:
The Corrosion of Carbon in the Recharge Process / 5.3.2:
Catalyst-induced Parasitic Chemical Reactions / 5.3.3:
Alternative Cathode Materials and Corresponding Parasitic Chemistries / 5.3.4:
Additives and Binders / 5.3.5:
Contaminations / 5.3.6:
Parasitic Reactions on the Anode / 5.4:
Corrosion of the Li Metal / 5.4.1:
SEI in the Oxygenated Atmosphere / 5.4.2:
Alternative Anodes and Associated Parasitic Chemistries / 5.4.3:
New Opportunities from the Parasitic Reactions / 5.5:
Summary and Outlook / 5.6:
Li-Air Battery: Electrocatalysts / 6:
Types of ELectrocatalyst / 6.1:
Carbonaceous Materials / 6.2.1:
Commercial Carbon Powders / 6.2.1.1:
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) / 6.2.1.2:
Graphene / 6.2.1.3:
Doped Carbonaceous Material / 6.2.1.4:
Noble Metal and Metal Oxides / 6.2.2:
Transition Metal Oxides / 6.2.3:
Perovskite Catalyst / 6.2.3.1:
Redox Mediator / 6.2.3.2:
Research of Catalyst / 6.3:
Reaction Mechanism / 6.4:
Summary / 6.5:
Lithium-Air Battery Mediator / Zhuojion Liang and Guangtao Cong and Yu Wang and Yi-Chun Lu7:
Redox Mediators in Lithium Batteries / 7.1:
Redox Mediators in Li-Air Batteries / 7.1.1:
Redox Mediators in Li-ion and Lithium-flow Batteries / 7.1.2:
Overcharge Protection in Li-ion Batteries / 7.1.2.1:
Redox Targeting Reactions in Lithium-flow Batteries / 7.1.2.2:
Selection Criteria and Evaluation of Redox Mediators for Li-O2 Batteries / 7.2:
Redox Potential / 7.2.1:
Stability / 7.2.2:
Reaction Kinetics and Mass Transport Properties / 7.2.3:
Catalytic Shuttle vs Parasitic Shuttle / 7.2.4:
Charge Mediators / 7.3:
Lil (Lithium Iodide) / 7.3.1:
LiBr (Lithium Bromide) / 7.3.2:
Nitroxides: TEMPO (2,2,6,6-TetramethyIpiperidinyioxyl) and Others / 7.3.3:
TTF (Tetrathiafulvalene) / 7.3.4:
Tris[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]amine (TDPA) / 7.3.5:
Comparison of the Reported Charge Mediators / 7.3.6:
Discharge Mediator / 7.4:
Iron Phthalocyanine (FePc) / 7.4.1:
2,5-Di-tert'butyl-l,4-benzoquinone (DBBQ) / 7.4.2:
Conclusion and Perspective / 7.5:
Spatiotemporal Operando X-ray Diffraction Study on Li-Air Battery / Di-Jia Liu and Jiang-Lan Shui8:
Microfocused X-ray Diffraction (¿-XRD) and Li-O2 Cell Experimental Setup / 8.1:
Study on Anode: Limited Reversibility of Lithium in Rechargeable LAB / 8.2:
Study on Separator: Impact of Precipitates to LAB Performance / 8.3:
Study on Cathode: Spatiotemporal Growth of Li2 O2 During Redox Reaction / 8.4:
Metal-Air Battery: In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Techniquesx / lain M. Aldous and Laurence J. Hardwick and Richard J. Nichols and J. Padmanabhan Vivek9:
Raman Spectroscopy / 9.1:
In Situ Raman Spectroscopy for Metal-O2 Batteries / 9.1.1:
Background Theory / 9.1.2:
Practical Considerations / 9.1.3:
Electrochemical Roughening / 9.1.3.1:
Addressing Inhomogeneous SERS Enhancement / 9.1.3.2:
In Situ Raman Setup / 9.1.4:
Determination of Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reaction Mechanisms Within Metal-O2 Batteries / 9.1.5:
Infrared Spectroscopy / 9.2:
Background / 9.2.1:
IR Studies of Electrochemical Interfaces / 9.2.2:
Infrared Spectroscopy for Metal-O2 Battery Studies / 9.2.3:
UV/Visible Spectroscopic Studies / 9.3:
UV/Vis Spectroscopy / 9.3.1:
UV/Vis Spectroscopy for Metal-O2 Battery Studies / 9.3.2:
Electron Spin Resonance / 9.4:
Cell Setup / 9.4.1:
Deployment of Electrochemical ESR in Battery Research / 9.4.2:
Zn-Air Batteries / Tong wen Yu and Rui Cai and Zhongwei Chen9.5:
Zinc Electrode / 10.1:
Electrolyte / 10.3:
Separator / 10.4:
Air Electrode / 10.5:
Structure of Air Electrode / 10.5.1:
Oxygen Reduction Reaction / 10.5.2:
Oxygen Evolution Reaction / 10.5.3:
Electrocatalyst / 10.5.4:
Noble Metals and Alloys / 10.5.4.1:
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials / 10.5.4.2:
Meta-free Materials / 10.5.4.4:
Conclusions and Outlook / 10.6:
Experimental and Computational investigation of Nonaqueous Mg/O2 Batteries / Jeffrey G. Smith and Güiin Vardar and Charles W. Monroe and Donald J. Siegel11:
Experimental Studies of Magnesium/Air Batteries and Electrolytes / 11.1:
Ionic Liquids as Candidate Electrolytes for Mg/O2 Batteries / 11.2.1:
Modified Grignard Electrolytes for Mg/O2 Batteries / 11.2.2:
All-inorganic Electrolytes for Mg/O2 Batteries / 11.2.3:
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy / 11.2.4:
Computational Studies of Mg/O2 Batteries / 11.3:
Calculation of Thermodynamic Overpotentials / 11.3.1:
Charge Transport in Mg/O2 Discharge Products / 11.3.2:
Concluding Remarks / 11.4:
Novel Methodologies to Model Charge Transport In Metal-Air Batteries / Nicoiai Rask Mathiesen and Marko Melander and Mikael Kuisma and Pablo García-Fernandez and Juan Maria García Lastra12:
Modeling Electrochemical Systems with GPAW / 12.1:
Density Functional Theory / 12.2.1:
Conductivity from DFT Data / 12.2.2:
The GPAW Code / 12.2.3:
Charge Transfer Rates with Constrained DFT / 12.2.4:
Marcus Theory of Charge Transfer / 12.2.4.1:
Constrained DFT / 12.2.4.2:
Polaronic Charge Transport at the Cathode / 12.2.4.3:
Electrochemistry at Solid-Liquid Interfaces / 12.2.5:
Modeling the Electrochemical Interface / 12.2.5.1:
Implicit Solvation at the Electrochemical Interface / 12.2.5.2:
Generalized Poisson-Boltzmann Equation for the Electric Double Layer / 12.2.5.3:
A Electrode Potential Within the Poisson-Boltzmann Model
Calculations at Constant Electrode Potential / 12.2.6:
The Need for a Constant Potential Presentation / 12.2.6.1:
Grand Canonical Ensemble for Electrons / 12.2.6.2:
Fictitious Charge Dynamics / 12.2.6.3:
Model in Practice / 12.2.6.4:
Conclusions / 12.2.7:
Second Principles for Material Modeling / 12.3:
The Energy in SP-DET / 12.3.1:
The Lattice Term (E(0) ) / 12.3.2:
Electronic Degrees of Freedom / 12.3.3:
Model Construction / 12.3.4:
Perspectives on SP-DFT / 12.3.5:
Acknowledgments
Flexible Metal-Air Batteries / Huisheng Peng and Yifan Xu and Jian Pan and Yang Zhao and Lie Wang and Xiang Shi13:
Flexible Electrolytes / 13.1:
Aqueous Electrolytes / 13.2.1:
PAA-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.1.1:
PEO-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.1.2:
PVA-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.1.3:
Nonaqueous Electrolytes / 13.2.2:
PEO-based Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.2.1:
PVDF-HFP-based Polymer Electrolyte / 13.2.2.2:
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte / 13.2.2.3:
Flexible Anodes / 13.3:
Flexible Cathodes / 13.4:
Modified Stainless Steel Mesh / 13.4.1:
Modified Carbon Textile / 13.4.2:
Carbon Nanotube / 13.4.3:
Graphene-based Cathode / 13.4.4:
Other Composite Electrode / 13.4.5:
Prototype Devices / 13.5:
Sandwich Structure / 13.5.1:
Fiber Structure / 13.5.2:
Perspectives on the Development of Metal-Air Batteries / 13.6:
Lithium Anode / 14.1:
Cathode / 14.1.2:
The Reaction Mechanisms / 14.1.4:
The Development of Solid-state Li-O2 Battery / 14.1.5:
The Development of Flexible Li-O2 Battery / 14.1.6:
Na-O2 Battery / 14.2:
Zn-air Battery / 14.3:
Index
Preface
Introduction to Metal-Air Batteries: Theory and Basic Principles / Zhiwen Chang and Xin-bo Zhang1:
Li-O2 Battery / 1.1:
37.
EB
Heinz Schättler, Urszula Ledzewicz
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Dordrecht : Springer New York, 2012
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The Calculus of Variations: A Historical Perspective / 1:
The Brachistochrone Problem / 1.1:
The Euler-Lagrange Equation / 1.2:
Surfaces of Revolution of Minimum Area / 1.3:
The Legendre and Jacobi Conditions / 1.4:
The Geometry of Conjugate Points and Envelopes / 1.5:
Fields of Extremals and the Weierstrass Condition / 1.6:
Optimal Solutions for the Minimum Surfaces of Revolution / 1.7:
Optimality of the Cycloids for the Brachistochrone Problem / 1.8:
The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation / 1.9:
From the Calculus of Variations to Optimal Control / 1.10:
Notes / 1.11:
The Pontryagin Maximum Principle: From Necessary Conditions to the Construction of an Optimal Solution / 2:
Linear-Quadratic Optimal Control / 2.1:
Optimal Control Problems / 2.2:
Control Systems / 2.2.1:
The Pontryagin Maximum Principle / 2.2.2:
The Simplest Problem in the Calculus of Variations in Rn / 2.3:
The Linear-Quadratic Regulator Revisited / 2.4:
A Derivation of the Optimal Control from the Maximum Principle / 2.4.1:
Two Scalar Examples: / 2.4.2:
Time-Optimal Control for Linear Time-Invariant Systems / 2.5:
Time-Optimal Control for Planar Linear Time-Invariant Systems: Examples / 2.6:
The Double Integrator / 2.6.1:
A Hyperbolic Saddle / 2.6.2:
An Unstable Node / 2.6.3:
The Harmonic Oscillator / 2.6.4:
Extensions of the Model: Two Examples / 2.7:
An Economic Trading Model / 2.7.1:
The Moon-Landing Problem / 2.7.2:
Singular Controls and Lie Derivatives / 2.8:
Time-Optimal Control for a Single-Input Control-Affine Nonlinear System / 2.8.1:
The Switching Function and Singular Controls / 2.8.2:
Lie Derivatives and the Lie Bracket / 2.8.3:
The Order of a Singular Control and the Legendre-Clebsch Conditions / 2.8.4:
Multi-input Systems and the Goh Condition / 2.8.5:
Time-Optimal Control for Nonlinear Systems in the Plane / 2.9:
Optimal Bang-Bang Controls in the Simple Subcases / 2.9.1:
Fast and Slow Singular Arcs / 2.9.2:
Optimal Bang-Bang Trajectories near a Slow Singular Arc / 2.9.3:
Input Symmetries and Codimension-2 Cases in the Plane / 2.10:
Input Symmetries / 2.10.1:
Saturating Singular Arcs / 2.10.2:
Chattering Arcs: The Fuller Problem / 2.11:
The Fuller Problem as a Time-Optimal Control Problem in R3 / 2.11.1:
Elementary Properties of Extremals / 2.11.2:
Symmetries of Extremals / 2.11.3:
A Synthesis of Invariant Extremals / 2.11.4:
Reachable Sets of Linear Time-Invariant Systems: From Convex Sets to the Bang-Bang Theorem / 2.12:
Elementary Theory of Convex Sets / 3.1:
Weak Convergence in L1 (I) / 3.2:
Topological Properties of Reachable Sets / 3.3:
The General Bang-Bang Theorem / 3.4:
Boundary Trajectories and Small-Time Local Controllability / 3.5:
The Bang-Bang Theorem for Compact Polyhedra / 3.6:
The High-Order Maximum Principle: From Approximations of Reachable Sets to High-Order Necessary Conditions for Optimality / 3.7:
Boltyansky Approximating Cones / 4.1:
Proof of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle / 4.2:
Tangent Vectors to the Reachable Set / 4.2.1:
Construction of an Approximating Cone / 4.2.2:
Boundary Trajectories / 4.2.3:
Necessary Conditions for Optimality / 4.2.4:
Control Systems on Manifolds: Definition and Examples / 4.3:
Shortest Paths on a Sphere / 4.3.1:
Control of a Rigid Body / 4.3.2:
Trajectory Planning for Redundant Robotic Manipulators / 4.3.3:
The High-Order Maximum Principle / 4.4:
Embeddings and Point Variations / 4.4.1:
Variational Vector and Covector Fields / 4.4.2:
C1 -Extendable Variations / 4.4.3:
Exponential Representations of Flows / 4.4.4:
High-Order Necessary Conditions for Optimality / 4.6:
The Legendre-Clebsch Condition / 4.6.1:
The Kelley Condition / 4.6.2:
The Goh Condition for Multi-input Systems / 4.6.3:
The Method of Characteristics: A Geometric Approach to Sufficient Conditions for a Local Minimum / 4.7:
The Value Function and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation / 5.1:
Parameterized Families of Extremals and the Shadow-Price Lemma / 5.2:
Parameterized Families of Extremals / 5.2.1:
The Shadow-Price Lemma and Solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation / 5.2.2:
The Fuller Problem Revisited / 5.2.3:
Neighboring Extremals and Sufficient Conditions for a Local Minimum / 5.3:
A Canonical Parameterized Family of Extremals / 5.3.1:
Perturbation Feedback Control and Regularity of the Flow F / 5.3.2:
Fold Singularities and Conjugate Points / 5.4:
Classical Envelopes / 5.4.1:
The Hilbert Invariant Integral and Control Envelopes / 5.4.2:
Lyapunov-Schmidt Reduction and the Geometry of Fold Singularities / 5.4.3:
The Geometry of the Flow F and the Graph of the Value Function Vε near a Fold Singular Point / 5.4.4:
Simple Cusp Singularities and Cut-Loci / 5.5:
Synthesis of Optimal Controlled Trajectories: From Local to Global Solutions / 5.6:
Parameterized Families of Broken Extremals / 6.1:
Concatenations of Parameterized Families of Extremals / 6.1.1:
Transversal Crossings / 6.1.2:
Transversal Folds / 6.1.3:
Local Analysis of a Flow of Broken Extremals / 6.1.4:
A Mathematical Model for Tumor Antiangiogenic Treatment / 6.2:
Preliminary Analysis of Extremals / 6.2.1:
Singular Control and Singular Arcs / 6.2.2:
A Family of Broken Extremals with Singular Arcs / 6.2.3:
Analysis of the Corresponding Flow and Value Function / 6.2.4:
Sufficient Conditions for a Global Minimum: Syntheses of Optimal Controlled Trajectories / 6.3:
Control-Affine Systems in Low Dimensions: From Small-Time Reachable Sets to Time-Optimal Syntheses / 6.4:
Basic Topological Properties of Small-Time Reachable Sets / 7.1:
Small-Time Reachable Sets in Dimension 2 / 7.2:
Small-Time Reachable Sets in Dimension 3 / 7.3:
Boundary Trajectories in Dimension 3: Lobry's Example / 7.3.1:
Small-Time Reachable Sets under Codimension-0 Assumptions / 7.3.2:
From Boundary Trajectories in Dimension 4 to Time-Optimal Control in R3 / 7.4:
Boundary Trajectories in Dimension 4 under Codimension-0 Assumptions / 7.4.1:
Construction of a Local Time-Optimal Synthesis to an Equilibrium Point in Dimension 3 / 7.4.2:
The Codimension-1 Case in Dimension 4: Saturating Singular Arcs / 7.5:
A Review of Some Basic Results from Advanced Calculus / 7.6:
Topology and Convergence in Normed Vector Spaces / A.1:
Uniform Convergence and the Banach Space C(K) / A.2:
Differentiable Mappings and the Implicit Function Theorem / A.3:
Regular and Singular Values: Sard's Theorem / A.4:
Ordinary Differential Equations / B:
Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations / B.1:
Dependence of Solutions on Initial Conditions and Parameters / B.2:
An Introduction to Differentiable Manifolds / C:
Embedded Submanifolds of Rk / C.1:
Manifolds: The General Case / C.2:
Tangent and Cotangent Spaces / C.3:
Vector Fields and Lie Brackets / C.4:
Some Facts from Real Analysis / D:
Lebesgue Measure and Lebesgue Measurable Functions in Rn / D.1:
The Lebesgue Integral in Rn / D.2:
Lp -Spaces / D.3:
Solutions to Ordinary Differential Equations with Lebesgue Measurable Right-Hand Sides / D.4:
References
Index
The Calculus of Variations: A Historical Perspective / 1:
The Brachistochrone Problem / 1.1:
The Euler-Lagrange Equation / 1.2:
38.
EB
Ivan Jureta
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
Coordination and Advice / 2:
When There Is None / 2.1:
From Division of Labor to Dependence on Advice / 2.2:
Autonomy and Coordination / 2.3:
Coordination Through Advice / 2.4:
Advice in Political Coordination / 2.5:
Dictatorship and Consent / 2.5.1:
Under Democracy / 2.5.2:
Advice and Meta-Advice in Politics / 2.5.3:
Advice in Economic Coordination / 2.6:
Central Planning / 2.6.1:
Market / 2.6.2:
Homo Follis / 2.7:
Conceptual Analysis of Advice / 3:
Rigorous Definition / 3.1:
Ostensive and Intensional Definitions / 3.1.1:
Primitive Terms / 3.1.2:
Criteria from Standard Theory / 3.1.3:
Signs to Objects and Back, via Concepts / 3.2:
Signs / 3.2.1:
Objects and Concepts / 3.2.2:
Relating Signs, Objects, and Concepts / 3.2.3:
Sings, Objects, and Concepts, in Advice / 3.2.4:
Ontology and Primitive Terms / 3.3:
Ontology in Philosophy / 3.3.1:
On the Engineering of Ontologies / 3.3.2:
Advice, Defined / 3.4:
Initial Ontological Commitments / 3.4.1:
Advice in Communication, Communication as Action / 3.4.2:
Essential Properties of and Identity Criteria for Advice / 3.4.3:
What Advice Is Not, but May Refer To / 3.4.4:
Relativist's Conceptual Analysis / 3.5:
Interpretation of Advice / 4:
Open Reference / 4.1:
Vague Advice / 4.2:
Referent Lost / 4.3:
Kinds of Advice / 5:
Classification from a Model of Choice / 5.1:
Perfect and Bounded Rational Choice / 5.2:
Ontology of Decision Analysis / 5.2.1:
Ontology of Choice in Organized Anarchies / 5.2.2:
Ontology of Intervowen Organisational Choice / 5.2.3:
Intolerance for Substitutes / 5.3:
Probability Intolerance / 5.3.1:
Utility Intolerance / 5.3.2:
Decision Information / 5.4:
Revealed Intentional States / 5.4.1:
Decision Information Ontology / 5.4.2:
Synthesis of the Decision Information Ontology / 5.4.3:
Taxonomy of Advice / 5.5:
Whose Explanations? / 5.5.1:
Specialization of the Concept of Advice / 5.5.2:
Reinterpreting Advice / 5.6:
Advisor's Problem and Its Solutions / 6:
Advice from Simple Explanations and Predictions / 6.1:
Models of Advice: An Overview / 6.2:
Introductory Example / 6.2.1:
Overview of the Framework for the Modeling of Advice / 6.2.2:
Modeling Language / 6.3:
AML2 / 6.3.1:
AML1 / 6.3.2:
AML / 6.3.3:
A-nets / 6.3.4:
Why the Interest in Structure? / 6.3.5:
Formulation of the Advisor's Problem / 6.4:
Solving the Advisor's Problem / 6.5:
Criteria for a Robust Solution / 6.6:
Criteria for a Clear Solution / 6.7:
Criteria from Empirical Evidence / 6.8:
Perspectives / 7:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Coordination and Advice / 2:
When There Is None / 2.1:
39.
EB
出版情報:
AIP Conference Proceedings (American Institute of Physics) , AIP Publishing, 2011
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40.
EB
出版情報:
AIP Conference Proceedings (American Institute of Physics) , AIP Publishing, 2018
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41.
EB
出版情報:
ASME Digital Collection Conference Proceedings , ASME, 2015
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42.
EB
Ivan Jureta
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
Coordination and Advice / 2:
When There Is None / 2.1:
From Division of Labor to Dependence on Advice / 2.2:
Autonomy and Coordination / 2.3:
Coordination Through Advice / 2.4:
Advice in Political Coordination / 2.5:
Dictatorship and Consent / 2.5.1:
Under Democracy / 2.5.2:
Advice and Meta-Advice in Politics / 2.5.3:
Advice in Economic Coordination / 2.6:
Central Planning / 2.6.1:
Market / 2.6.2:
Homo Follis / 2.7:
Conceptual Analysis of Advice / 3:
Rigorous Definition / 3.1:
Ostensive and Intensional Definitions / 3.1.1:
Primitive Terms / 3.1.2:
Criteria from Standard Theory / 3.1.3:
Signs to Objects and Back, via Concepts / 3.2:
Signs / 3.2.1:
Objects and Concepts / 3.2.2:
Relating Signs, Objects, and Concepts / 3.2.3:
Sings, Objects, and Concepts, in Advice / 3.2.4:
Ontology and Primitive Terms / 3.3:
Ontology in Philosophy / 3.3.1:
On the Engineering of Ontologies / 3.3.2:
Advice, Defined / 3.4:
Initial Ontological Commitments / 3.4.1:
Advice in Communication, Communication as Action / 3.4.2:
Essential Properties of and Identity Criteria for Advice / 3.4.3:
What Advice Is Not, but May Refer To / 3.4.4:
Relativist's Conceptual Analysis / 3.5:
Interpretation of Advice / 4:
Open Reference / 4.1:
Vague Advice / 4.2:
Referent Lost / 4.3:
Kinds of Advice / 5:
Classification from a Model of Choice / 5.1:
Perfect and Bounded Rational Choice / 5.2:
Ontology of Decision Analysis / 5.2.1:
Ontology of Choice in Organized Anarchies / 5.2.2:
Ontology of Intervowen Organisational Choice / 5.2.3:
Intolerance for Substitutes / 5.3:
Probability Intolerance / 5.3.1:
Utility Intolerance / 5.3.2:
Decision Information / 5.4:
Revealed Intentional States / 5.4.1:
Decision Information Ontology / 5.4.2:
Synthesis of the Decision Information Ontology / 5.4.3:
Taxonomy of Advice / 5.5:
Whose Explanations? / 5.5.1:
Specialization of the Concept of Advice / 5.5.2:
Reinterpreting Advice / 5.6:
Advisor's Problem and Its Solutions / 6:
Advice from Simple Explanations and Predictions / 6.1:
Models of Advice: An Overview / 6.2:
Introductory Example / 6.2.1:
Overview of the Framework for the Modeling of Advice / 6.2.2:
Modeling Language / 6.3:
AML2 / 6.3.1:
AML1 / 6.3.2:
AML / 6.3.3:
A-nets / 6.3.4:
Why the Interest in Structure? / 6.3.5:
Formulation of the Advisor's Problem / 6.4:
Solving the Advisor's Problem / 6.5:
Criteria for a Robust Solution / 6.6:
Criteria for a Clear Solution / 6.7:
Criteria from Empirical Evidence / 6.8:
Perspectives / 7:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Coordination and Advice / 2:
When There Is None / 2.1:
43.
EB
Ryuji Okazaki
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Japan, 2013
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44.
EB
Peter Mittelstaedt
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SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Netherlands, 2011
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Rise and Fall of Physical Theories / 1:
The Evolution of Modern Physics from the Classical World / 1.1:
Intuitiveness and Truth of Modern Physics / 1.2:
The New Approach: Reduction and Elimination of Metaphysical Hypotheses / 1.3:
Reconstruction of Special and General Relativity / 2:
Historical Development Versus Rational Reconstruction / 2.1:
Reconstruction of Special Relativity / 2.2:
Transformations Between Inertial Systems / 2.2.1:
Digression: Derivation of the Galilei Transformation / 2.2.2:
End of the Digression / 2.2.3:
Space-Time Intervals and Relativistic Mechanics / 2.3:
Measurements of Space-Time Intervals / 2.3.1:
Relativistic Kinematics and Dynamics / 2.3.2:
The Numerical Value of the Constant ?: The First Answer to the Problem / 2.4:
The Invariance of the Einstein-Synchronisation / 2.4.1:
Time Dilatation / 2.4.2:
Could Special Relativity Have Been Discovered Already by Newton? / 2.5:
A Pseudo-Historical Digression / 2.5.1:
The Attempt to Reconstruct General Relativity / 2.6:
The Pseudo-Riemannian Character of Space-Time / 2.6.1:
Einstein's Field Equations / 2.6.2:
Conclusion / 2.7:
Reconstruction of Quantum Mechanics / 3:
The Historical Development of Quantum Mechanics / 3.1:
The Reduction of Ontological Hypotheses / 3.2:
The Formal Languages of Classical Physics and of Quantum Physics / 3.3:
The Formal Language of Classical Physics / 3.3.1:
The Formal Language of Quantum Physics / 3.3.2:
The Approach to Orthomodular Quantum Logic / 3.4:
The Bottom-up Reconstruction of Quantum Mechanics in Hilbert Space / 3.5:
Physics of Indistinguishable Objects / 3.6:
Are the Laws of Quantum Logic Laws of Nature? / 3.7:
Quantum Physics and Classical Physics-Their Respective Roles / 3.8:
Three Constants of Nature / 4:
The Problem of Constants of Nature in Modern Physics / 4.1:
The Meaning of the Constant "c" in Special Relativity / 4.2:
Preliminary Remarks / 4.2.1:
Metaphysics and Ontology / 4.2.2:
The Meaning of the Constant ? / 4.2.3:
One More Fundamental Question / 4.2.5:
Planck's Constant $$$ in the Light of Quantum Logic / 4.3:
Ontological Preliminaries / 4.3.1:
The Quantum Logic Approach / 4.3.2:
In Search of Planck's Constant / 4.3.3:
The Meaning of $$$ in the Quantum World / 4.3.4:
The Problem of the Gravitational Constant ? / 4.4:
Three Constants of Nature: Concluding Remarks / 4.5:
Interpretations of Modern Physics / 5:
Introductory Remarks / 5.1:
Two Interpretations / 5.2:
The Interpretation of the Theory of Special Relativity / 5.2.1:
Interpreting Quantum Mechanics / 5.2.2:
Summary / 5.3:
Concluding Remarks / 6:
Intuitiveness and Truth in Physical Theories / 6.1:
References
Index
Rise and Fall of Physical Theories / 1:
The Evolution of Modern Physics from the Classical World / 1.1:
Intuitiveness and Truth of Modern Physics / 1.2:
45.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2015
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46.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2015
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47.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2010
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48.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2013
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49.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2011
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50.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2018
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51.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2017
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52.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2017
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53.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2019
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54.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2017
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55.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2018
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56.
EB
出版情報:
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2013
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57.
EB
Dagmar Bruss, Gerd Leuchs
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Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019
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58.
図書
edited by Tito Trindade, Ana L. Daniel da Silva
出版情報:
Singapore : Pan Stanford Publishing, c2011 xxii, 289, 4 p. ; 24 cm
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List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
From Nanoparticles to Nanocomposites: A Brief Overview / 1:
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: An introduction / 1.1:
Nanoparticles' Diversity / 1.2:
Quantum dots / 1.2.1:
Iron oxides / 1.2.2:
Metal nanoparticles / 1.2.3:
Surface Modification of Nanoparticles / 1.3:
Ligand exchange reactions / 1.3.1:
Inorganic nanocoating / 1.3.2:
Encapsulation in polymers / 1.3.3:
Designing Biointerfaces over Nanoparticles / 1.4:
Challenges for the Future... Nanosafety for Today / 1.5:
Polymers for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification and Biofunctionalization / 2:
Drug Delivery Systems / 2.1:
Hydrogels / 2.2:
Application of hydrogels / 2.2.1:
Types of hydrogels / 2.2.2:
Bioadhesives / 2.3:
Surface Modification / 2.4:
Surface modification by ultra-violet radiation / 2.4.1:
Plasma treatment / 2.4.2:
Plasma generation / 2.4.2.1:
Plasma polymerization and surface modification of polymers / 2.4.2.2:
Concluding Remarks / 2.5:
Nanocapsules as Carriers for the Transport and Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Molecules / 3:
Introduction / 3.1:
Polymeric Nanocapsules: Production and Characterization / 3.2:
Nanocapsules made of synthetic polymers / 3.2.1:
Polyacrylate nanocapsules / 3.2.1.1:
Polyester nanocapsules / 3.2.1.2:
Nanocapsules made of natural polymers / 3.2.2:
Lipid nanocapsules / 3.2.3:
Therapeutical Applications of Nanocapsules / 3.3:
Nanocapsules for oral drug delivery / 3.3.1:
Nanocapsules for oral peptide delivery / 3.3.1.1:
Nanocapsules for oral delivery of lipophilic low molecular weight drugs / 3.3.1.2:
Nanocapsules as nasal drug carriers / 3.3.2:
Nanocapsules as ocular drug carriers / 3.3.3:
Nanocapsules in cancer therapy / 3.3.4:
Nanocapsules as carriers for gene therapy / 3.3.5:
Conclusions / 3.4:
Inorganic Nanoparticles Biofunctionalization / 4:
Bioeonjugation of Nanoparticles / 4.1:
Nanoparticles and Their Surface Properties / 4.2:
Surface capping of nanoparticles / 4.2.1:
Semiconductor quantum dots and metallic nanoparticles / 4.2.2:
Silica nanoparticles and silica encapsulation / 4.2.3:
Attachment Schemes / 4.3:
Covalent attachment / 4.3.1:
Non-covalent attachment / 4.3.2:
Affinity binding / 4.3.3:
Specific Cases / 4.4:
Proteins / 4.4.1:
DNA / 4.4.2:
Avidin / 4.4.3:
Phospholipid encapsulation and functionalization / 4.4.4:
Applications / 4.5:
Cellular imaging / 4.5.1:
Drug delivery / 4.5.2:
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer / 4.5.3:
Hyperthermia / 4.5.4:
Conclusion / 4.6:
Silica-Based Materials: Bioprocesses and Nanocomposites / 5:
Natural Silica Nanocomposites / 5.1:
Diatom biosilica / 5.1.1:
Sponge biosilica / 5.1.3:
(Bio)-technological applications of biosilica / 5.1.4:
Biomimetic Silica Nanocomposites / 5.2:
Silica nanocomposites based on natural templates / 5.2.1:
Silica nanocomposites based on model templates / 5.2.3:
Synthetic peptides / 5.2.3.1:
Synthetic polyamines / 5.2.3.2:
Biological templates / 5.2.3.3:
Biomimetism: How far can we go? / 5.2.4:
Bio-Inspired Silica Nanocomposites / 5.3:
Biotechnological and medical applications / 5.3.1:
Perspectives / 5.3.3:
Synthetic Strategies for Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Particles / 6:
Surfaces and Interfaces: Chemical Modification of Nanoparticles / 6.1:
In situ Synthetic Strategies for Polymer-Based Colloidal Nanocomposites / 6.3:
In situ preparation of the fillers / 6.3.1:
Sol-gel methods / 6.3.1.1:
In situ polymerization of the matrix / 6.3.2:
Organic solvent-based methods: Dispersion polymerization / 6.3.2.1:
Water-based methods: Emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization / 6.3.2.2:
Controlled polymerization: Surface initiated polymerization(SIP) / 6.3.3:
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Atrp / 6.3.3.1:
Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain transfer (Raft) polymerization / 6.3.3.2:
Combined controlled polymerization mechanisms / 6.3.3.3:
Functionalization of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Bio-Applications / 6.4:
Final Remarks / 6.5:
Synthesis of Nanocomposite Particles Using Supercritical Fluids: A Bridge with Bio-applications / 7:
Supercritical Fluids: Definition and Current use in, Bio-Applications / 7.1:
Definition / 7.2.1:
Scps in biomedical applications / 7.2.2:
Development of drug delivery systems / 7.2.2.1:
scC02 for purification and sterilization / 7.2.2.2:
Can Scfs be Used to Introduce Inorganic NPs into Polymers? / 7.3:
Formation of hybrid organic-inorganic NPs in Scps(route 1) / 7.3.1:
Encapsulation of inorganic NPs into a polymer shell (route 2) / 7.3.2:
Polymer swelling and in situ growth of inorganic NPs (route 3) / 7.3.3:
Polymer swelling by scC02 / 7.3.3.1:
Chemical transformation of impregnated metal precursor / 7.3.3.2:
Biocomposites Containing Magnetic Nanoparticles / 7.4:
Magnetic Properties / 8.1:
Magnetism at nanoscale level: Concepts and main phenomena / 8.2.1:
Basic concepts / 8.2.1.1:
Systems with interactions between magnetic centers / 8.2.1.2:
Superparamagnetism / 8.2.1.3:
Magnetism concepts subjacent to bio-applicatons / 8.2.2:
Magnetic separation and drug delivery / 8.2.2.1:
Magnetic resonance imaging (Mri) / 8.2.2.2:
Magnetic hyperthermia / 8.2.2.3:
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Bio-Applications / 8.3:
Iron oxide nanoparticles / 8.3.1:
Metallic nanoparticles / 8.3.2:
Metal alloy nanoparticles / 8.3.3:
Bimagnetic nanoparticles / 8.3.4:
Strategies of Synthesis of Magnetic Biocomposite Nanoparticles / 8.4:
In situ formation of magnetic nanoparticles / 8.4.1:
Other magnetic nanoparticles / 8.4.1.1:
Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles within biopolymers / 8.4.2:
Conclusions and Future Outlook / 8.5:
Multifunctional Nanoeomposite Particles for Biomedical Applications / 9:
Types of Multifunctional Magnetic-Fluorescent Nanocomposites / 9.1:
Main Approaches to the Preparation of Multifunctional Magnetic-Fluorescent Nanocomposites / 9.3:
Silica coated magnetic-fluorescent nanoparticles / 9.3.1:
Organic polymer coated magnetic cores treated with fluorescent entities / 9.3.2:
Ionic assemblies of magnetic cores and fluorescent entities / 9.3.3:
Fluoreseently-labeled lipid coated magnetic nanoparticles / 9.3.4:
Magnetic core directly linked to fluorescent entity via a molecular spacer / 9.3.5:
Magnetic cores coated by fluorescent semiconducting shells / 9.3.6:
Magnetically-doped Qds / 9.3.7:
Magnetic nanoparticles and Qds embedded within a polymer or silica matrix / 9.3.8:
Biomedical Applications / 9.4:
Bio-imaging probes / 9.4.1:
Cell tracking, sorting and bioseparation / 9.4.2:
Applications in nanomedicine / 9.4.3:
Bio-Applications of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Nanocomposites / 9.5:
Fundaments of Nanomagnetism / 10.1:
Single-domain particles / 10.2.1:
Magnetic anisotropy energy / 10.2.2:
Fundaments of Colloidal Stability / 10.2.3:
Bio-Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles / 10.4:
Magnetic separation / 10.4.1:
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (Mri) / 10.4.2:
Contrast agents based on superparamagnetic nanomagnets / 10.4.3.1:
Magnetobiosensors / 10.4.4:
Magnetobiosensors based on magnetorelaxometry / 10.4.4.1:
Magnetobiosensors based on magnetoresistance / 10.4.4.2:
Magnetosensors based on Hall effect / 10.4.4.3:
Magnetoplasmonics / 10.4.4.4:
Summary and Outlook / 10.4.5:
Anti-Microbial Polymer Nanocomposites / 11:
Packaging / 11.1:
Textiles / 11.1.2:
Coatings / 11.1.3:
Antimicrobial coatings / 11.1.3.1:
Medicine, pathology and surgical implants/ biomedical coatings / 11.1.3.2:
Anti-Microbial Polymer-Based Nanocomposites / 11.2:
Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action / 11.3:
Detection of microbes / 11.3.1:
Control of microbial growth / 11.3.2:
Environmental and Health Concerns / 11.4:
Biosensing Applications Using Nanoparticles / 12:
Biosensors: A Definition / 12.1:
Uses of Gold Nanoparticles / 12.2:
Tailoring biointerfaces over gold nanoparticles / 12.2.1:
Biosensing applications of gold nanoparticles / 12.2.2:
Crosslinking-based biosensing / 12.2.2.1:
Non-crosslmking-based biosensing / 12.2.2.2:
Semiconductor Quantum Dots / 12.3:
Properties of quantum dots / 12.3.1:
Biosensing with quantum dots / 12.3.2:
Immunosensing / 12.3.2.1:
Dna assays / 12.3.2.2:
Resonance energy transfer-based assays / 12.3.2.3:
Outlook Remarks / 12.4:
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
59.
図書
Daniel Minoli
出版情報:
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, c2011 xiv, 302 p., [24] p. of plates ; 24 cm
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Preface
The Author
Introduction / Chapter 1:
Overview / 1.1:
Background and Opportunities / 1.2:
Course of Investigation / 1.3:
References
Bibliography
Some Basic Fundamentals of Visual Science / Chapter 2:
Stereo Vision Concepts / 2.1:
Stereoscopy / 2.1.1:
Binocular Depth Perception and Convergence / 2.1.2:
Cyclopean Image / 2.1.3:
Accommodation / 2.1.4:
Parallax Concepts / 2.2:
Parallax / 2.2.1:
Parallax Barrier and Lenticular Lenses / 2.2.2:
Other Concepts / 2.3:
Polarization / 2.3.1:
Chromostereopsis / 2.3.2:
3D Imaging / 2.3.3:
Occlusion and Scene Reconstruction / 2.3.4:
Conclusion / 2.4:
Analytical 3D Aspects of the Human Visual System / Appendix 2A:
Theory of Stereo Reproduction / 2A.1:
Analytics / 2A.2:
Depth Perception / 2A.2.1:
Geometry of Stereoscopic 3D Displays / 2A.2.2:
Geometry of Stereo Capturing / 2A.2.3:
Stereoscopic 3D Distortions / 2A.2.4:
Workflow of Conventional Stereo Production / 2A.3:
Basic Rules and Production Grammar / 2A.3.1:
Example / 2A.3.2:
Application of Visual Science Fundamentals to 3DTV / Chapter 3:
Application of the Science to 3D Projection/3DTV / 3.1:
Common Video Treatment Approaches / 3.1.1:
Projections Methods for Presenting Stereopairs / 3.1.2:
Polarization, Synchronization, and Colorimetrics / 3.1.3:
Autostereoscopic Viewing / 3.2:
Lenticular Lenses / 3.2.1:
Parallax Barriers / 3.2.2:
Other Longer-Term Systems / 3.3:
Multi-Viewpoint 3D Systems / 3.3.1:
Integral Imaging/Holoscopic Imaging / 3.3.2:
Holographic Approaches / 3.3.3:
Volumetric Displays/Hybrid Holographic / 3.3.4:
Viewer Physiological Issues with 3D Content / 3.4:
The Accommodation Problem / 3.4.1:
Infinity Separation / 3.4.2:
Conclusion and Requirements of Future 3DTV / 3.5:
Basic 3DTV Approaches for Content Capture and Mastering / Chapter 4:
General Capture, Mastering, and Distribution Process / 4.1:
3D Capture, Mastering, and Distribution Process / 4.2:
Content Acquisition / 4.2.1:
3D Mastering / 4.2.2:
Spatial Compression / 4.2.2.1:
Temporal Multiplexing / 4.2.2.2:
2D in Conjunction with Metadata (2D+M) / 4.2.2.3:
Color Encoding / 4.2.2.4:
Overview of Network Transport Approaches / 4.3:
MPEG Standardization Efforts / 4.4:
Additional Details on 3D Video Formats / Appendix 4A:
Conventional Stereo Video (CSV) / 4A.1:
Video plus Depth (V+D) / 4A.2:
Multiview Video plus Depth (MV+D) / 4A.3:
Layered Depth Video (LDV) / 4A.4:
3D Basic 3DTV Approaches and Technologies for In-Home Display of Content / Chapter 5:
Connecting the In-Home Source to the Display / 5.1:
3DTV Display Technology / 5.2:
Commercial Displays Based on Projection / 5.2.1:
Commercial Displays Based on LCD and PDP Technologies / 5.2.2:
LCD 3DTV Polarized Display / 5.2.3:
Summary of 3DTV Polarized Displays / 5.2.4:
Glasses Accessories / 5.2.5:
Other Display Technologies / 5.3:
Autostereoscopic Systems with Parallax Support in the Vertical and Horizontal Axes / 5.3.1:
Autostereoscopic Systems for PDAs / 5.3.2:
Primer on Cables/Connectivity for High-End Video / 5.4:
In-Home Connectivity Using Cables / 5A.1:
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) / 5A.1.1:
High-Definition Multimedia Interface" (HDMI") / 5A.1.2:
DisplayPort / 5A.1.3:
In-Home Connectivity Using Wireless Technology / 5A.2:
Wireless Gigabit Alliance / 5A.2.1:
WirelessHD / 5A.2.2:
Other Wireless / 5A.2.3:
3DTV Advocacy and System-Level Research Initiatives / Chapter 6:
3D Consortium (3DC) / 6.1:
3D@Home Consortium / 6.2:
3D Media Cluster / 6.3:
3DTV / 6.4:
Challenges and Players in the 3DTV Universe / 6.5:
European Information Society Technologies (IST) Project "Advanced Three-Dimensional Television System Technologies" (ATTEST) / 6.5.1:
3D Content Creation / 6.5.1.1:
3D Video Coding / 6.5.1.2:
Transmission / 6.5.1.3:
Virtual-View Generation and 3D Display / 6.5.1.4:
3DPhone / 6.5.2:
Mobile3DTV / 6.5.3:
Real3D / 6.5.4:
HELIUM3D (High Efficiency Laser Based Multi User Multi Modal 3D Display) / 6.5.5:
The MultiUser 3D Television Display (MUTED) / 6.5.6:
3D4YOU / 6.5.7:
3DPresence / 6.5.8:
Audio-Visual Content Search and Retrieval in a Distributed P2P Repository (Victory) / 6.5.9:
Victory in Automotive Industry / 6.5.9.1:
Victory in Game Industry / 6.5.9.2:
2020 3D Media / 6.5.10:
i3DPost / 6.5.11:
Glossary
Index
Preface
The Author
Introduction / Chapter 1:
60.
図書
Detlev Möller
目次情報:
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Preface to the first edition
Author's preface to the third edition
Author's preface to the second edition
Prologue
List of principal symbols
Introduction / 1:
Chemistry and the climate system / 1.1:
Air and atmosphere: a multiphase and multicomponent system / 1.2:
Principles of chemistry in the climate system / 1.3:
Substances in climate system / 1.4:
Fundamentals of physics in the climate system / 2:
Meteorological basics / 2.1:
Scaling and structure of the atmosphere / 2.1.1:
Meteorological elements / 2.1.2:
Air pressure / 2.1.2.1:
Air temperature / 2.1.2.2:
Air humidity / 2.1.2.3:
Hydrometeors / 2.1.3:
Clouds / 2.1.3.1:
Fog, mist, and haze / 2.1.3.2:
Precipitation / 2.1.3.3:
Dew, frost, rime, and interception / 2.1.4:
Clirnatologtcai basics / 2.2:
Climate / 2.2.1:
Climate system / 2.2.2:
Chemical climate / 2.2.3:
Optics of the atmosphere: Radiation / 2.3:
Solar radiation / 2.3.1:
The Sun and its radiation output / 2.3.1.1:
Solar radiation transfer through the atmosphere / 2.3.1.2:
Absorption and emission of light / 2.3.2:
Absorption (Lambert-Beer law) / 2.3.2.1:
Emission (Planck's law and Stefan-Boltzmann law) / 2.3.2.2:
Terrestrial radiation and radiation budget / 2.3.3:
Atmospheric dynamics / 2.4:
Fluid characteristics / 2.4.1:
Effective atmospheric forces / 2.4.1.1:
Atmospheric flow: Laminar and turbulent / 2.4.1.2:
Fluid characteristics: Wind speed and direction / 2.4.1.3:
Properties of gases: The ideal gas / 2.5:
Gas laws / 2.5.1:
Mean free path and number of collisions between molecules / 2.5.2:
Viscosity / 2.5.3:
Diffusion / 2.5.4:
Atmospheric removal: Deposition processes / 2.6:
Dry deposition / 2.6.1:
Wet deposition / 2.6.2:
Characteristic times; Residence time, lifetime, and turnover time / 2.7:
Fundamentals of physicochemistry in the climate system / 3:
Chemical thermodynamics / 3.1:
First law of thermodynamics and its applications / 3.1.1:
Internal energy / 3.1.1.1:
Molar heat capacity / 3.1.1.2:
Thermochemistry: Heat of chemical reaction / 3.1.1.3:
Second law of thermodynamics and its applications / 3.1.2:
Entropy and reversibility / 3.1.2.1:
Thermodynamic potential: Gibbs-Helmholtz equation / 3.1.2.2:
Chemical potential / 3.1.2.3:
Chemical potential in real mixtures: Activity / 3.1.2.4:
Equilibrium / 3.2:
Chemical equilibrium: The mass action law / 3.2.1:
Phase equilibrium / 3.2.2:
Gas-liquid equilibrium: Evaporation and condensation / 3.2.2.1:
Gas-liquid equilibrium: Special case of droplets (Kelvin equation) / 3.2.2.2:
Absorption of gases in water: Henry's law / 3.2.2.3:
Solubility equilibrium: Solid-aqueous equilibrium / 3.2.2.4:
Adsorption and desorption / 3.2.2.5:
Steady state / 3.3:
Water: Physical and chemical properties / 3.4:
Water structure: Hydrogen bond / 3.4.1:
Water as solvent / 3.4.2:
Water vapor / 3.4.3:
Water properties in relation to the climate system / 3.4.4:
Properties of solutions and droplets / 3.5:
Surface tension and surface-active substances / 3.5.1:
Vapor pressure lowering: Raoult's law / 3.5.2:
Freezing point depression / 3.5.3:
Diffusion in solution / 3.5.4:
Heterogeneous processes: Multiphase chemistry in the climate system / 3.6:
Aerosols, clouds, and precipitation: The climate multiphase system / 3.6.1:
Gas-to-particle formation: Homogeneous formation of CCNs / 3.6.2:
Classical nucleation theory / 3.6.2.1:
Formation of secondary organic aerosols / 3.6.2.2:
Atmospheric aerosols and the properties of aerosol particles / 3.6.3:
Formation of cloud droplets: Heterogeneous nucleation / 3.6.4:
Scavenging: Acommodation, adsorption, and reaction (mass transfer) / 3.6.5:
Mass transfer: General remarks / 3.6.5.1:
Adsorption / 3.6.5.2:
Surface chemistry: Kinetics of heterogeneous chemical reactions / 3.6.5.3:
Mass transfer into droplets with chemical reaction / 3.6.5.4:
Fundamentals of chemistry in the climate system / 4:
State of matter / 4.1:
Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, and substances / 4.1.1:
Pure substances and mixtures / 4.1.2:
Radicals, groups, and nomenclature / 4.1.3:
Units for chemical abundance: Concentrations and mixing ratios / 4.1.4:
Theory of chemical reactions / 4.2:
Chemical bonding / 4.2.1:
Types of chemical reactions / 4.2.2:
Chemical kinetics: Reaction rate constant / 4.2.3:
Catalysis / 4.3:
Electrochemistry / 4.4:
Electrolytic dissociation / 4.4.1:
Acids, bases, and the ionic product of water / 4.4.1.1:
pH value / 4.4.1.2:
Hydrolysis of salts and oxides / 4.4.1.3:
Buffer solutions / 4.4.1.4:
Complex ions / 4.4.1.5:
The CO2 -carbonate system / 4.4.1.6:
Oxidation-reduction reaction (redox process) / 4.4.2:
Hydrated electron: A fundamental species / 4.4.3:
Photochemistry / 4.5:
Photoexcitation: Electronic states / 4.5.1:
Photodissociation: Photolysis rate coefficient / 4.5.2:
Photocatalysis: Photosensitization and autoxidation / 4.5.3:
Environmental relevance of acidity / 4.6:
Atmospheric acidity / 4.6.1:
pH averaging / 4.6.2:
Isotopes in atmospheric chemistry and geochemistry / 4.7:
Substaces and chemical reactions in the climate system / 5:
Hydrogen / 5.1:
Natural occurrence / 5.1.1:
Compounds of hydrogen / 5.1.2:
Chemistry / 5.1.3:
Oxygen / 5.2:
Oxygen, dioxygen, and ozone: O, O2 , and O3 / 5.2.1:
Reactive oxygen species I: OH, HO2 , and H2 O2 (Hx Oy species) / 5.2.3:
Atmosphere, free of trace species / 5.2.3.1:
Atmosphere with trace species / 5.2.3.2:
Reactive oxygen species II: RO, RO2 , and ROOH / 5.2.4:
Aqueous-phase oxygen chemistry / 5.2.5:
Water chemistry / 5.2.5.1:
Dioxygen and superoxide ion chemistry / 5.2.5.2:
Hydrogen peroxide chemistry / 5.2.5.3:
Ozone and hydroxyl radical chemistry / 5.2.5.4:
Hydrogen polyoxides / 5.2.5.5:
Multiphase oxygen chemistry / 5.2.6:
Hydrogen peroxide / 5.2.6.1:
Ozone / 5.2.6.2:
Stratospheric oxygen chemistry / 5.2.7:
Nitrogen / 5.3:
Natural occurrence and sources / 5.3.1:
Thermal dissociation of dinitrogen (N2 ) / 5.3.2:
Ammonia (NH3 ) / 5.3.3:
Dinitrogen oxide (N2 O) / 5.3.4:
Inorganic nitrogen oxides and oxoacids (NOy ) / 5.3.5:
Gas-phase chemistry / 5.3.3.1:
Aqueous and interfacial chemistry / 5.3.5.2:
Organic nitrogen compounds / 5.3.6:
Amines, amides, and nitriles / 5.3.6.1:
Organic NOx compounds / 5.3.6.2:
Sulfur / 5.4:
Reduced sulfur: H2 S, COS, CS2 , and DMS / 5.4.1:
Oxides and oxoacids: SO2 , H2 SO3 , SO3 , and H2 SO4 / 5.4.3:
Gas-phase SO2 oxidation / 5.4.3.1:
Aqueous-phase sulfur chemistry / 5.4.3.2:
Multiphase sulfur chemistry / 5.4.4:
Phosphorus / 5.5:
Carbon / 5.6:
Organic carbon and chemistry / 5.6.1:
Elemental carbon and soot / 5.6.2:
Inorganic C1 chemistry: CO, CO2 , and H2 CO3 / 5.6.3:
Aqueous chemistry / 5.6.3.1:
Hydrocarbon oxidation and organic radicals / 5.6.4:
Organic C1 chemistry: CH4 , CH3 OH, HCHO, HCOOH / 5.6.5:
C2 chemistry: C2 H6 , CH3 CHO, C2 H5 OH, CH3 COOH, and (COOH)2
Alkenes, atkynes, and ketones / 5.6.6.1:
Aromatic compounds / 5.6.8:
Is the atmospheric fate of complex organic compounds predictable? / 5.6.9:
Halogens (Cl, Br, F, and I) / 5.7:
Chlorine in the environment / 5.7.1:
Formation of sea salt and chlorine degassing / 5.7.2:
Metals and metalloids / 5.7.3:
General remarks / 5.8.1:
Alkali and alkaline earth metals: Na, K, Mg, and Ca / 5.8.2:
Iron: Fe / 5.8.3:
Mercury: Hg / 5.8.4:
Cadmium: Cd / 5.8.5:
Lead: Pb / 5.8.6:
Arsenic: As / 5.8.7:
Silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) / 5.8.8:
Biogeochemistry and global cycling / 6:
The hydrosphere and the global water cycle / 6.1:
The hydrological cycle and the climate system / 6.1.1:
Soil water and groundwater; Chemical weathering / 6.1.2:
Surface water: Rivers and lakes / 6.1.3:
The oceans / 6.1.4:
Atmospheric waters (hydrometeors): Chemical composition / 6.1.5:
Fog / 6.1.5.1:
Rain (precipitation) / 6.1.5.3:
Biogeochemical cycling / 6.2:
Photosynthesis: Nonequilibrium redox processes / 6.2.1:
Primary production of carbon / 6.2.2:
Nitrogen cycling / 6.2.3:
Sulfur cycling / 6.2.4:
Natural sources of atmospheric substances / 6.3:
Source characteristics / 6.3.1:
Biological processes / 6.3.2:
Continental / 6.3.2.1:
Oceanic / 6.3.2.2:
Geogenic processes / 6.3.3:
Soil dust / 6.3.3.1:
Sea salt / 6.3.3.2:
Volcanism / 6.3.3.3:
Chemical processes / 6.3.4:
Lightning / 6.3.4.1:
Secondary atmospheric processes / 6.3.4.2:
List of acronyms and abbreviations used in this volume / A:
Quantities, units, and some useful numerical values / B:
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Preface to the first edition
Author's preface to the third edition
Author's preface to the second edition
61.
図書
edited by Caitlin H. Bell ... [et al.]
出版情報:
Boca Raton : CRC Press, c2019 xxix, 439 p. ; 24 cm
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List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Editors
Contributors
Introduction to Emerging Contaminants / Chapter 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Who Identifies Emerging Contaminants? / 1.2:
United States Environmental Protection Agency / 1.2.1:
United States Department of Defense / 1.2.2:
United States Geologic Survey / 1.2.3:
State Agencies in the United States / 1.2.4:
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants / 1.2.5:
European Union / 1.2.6:
Australian National Environment Protection Council / 1.2.7:
What is the Life Cycle of an Emerging Contaminant? / 1.3:
What are the Key Challenges Associated with Emerging Contaminants? / 1.4:
The Need for Balance / 1.5:
This Book / 1.6:
Acronyms
1,4-Dioxane / Chapter 2:
Basic Information / 2.1:
Toxicity and Risk Assessment / 2.3:
Potential Noncancer Effects / 2.3.1:
Potential Cancer Effects / 2.3.2:
Regulatory Status / 2.4:
Site Characterization / 2.5:
Investigation Approaches / 2.5.1:
Analytical Methods / 2.5.2:
Advanced Investigation Techniques / 2.5.3:
Soil Treatment / 2.6:
Groundwater Treatment / 2.7:
In Situ Treatment / 2.7.1:
In Situ Chemical Oxidation / 2.7.1.1:
Bioremediation / 2.7.1.2:
Phytoremediation / 2.7.1.3:
Thermal Treatment / 2.7.1.4:
Ex Situ Treatment and Dynamic Groundwater Recirculation / 2.7.2:
Natural Attenuation / 2.7.3:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment / 2.8:
Point-of-Use and Point-of-Entry Treatment / 2.8.1:
1.4-Dioxane Treatment Technologies for Drinking Water Treatment and Ex Situ Groundwater Remediation / 2.9:
Advanced Oxidation Processes / 2.9.1:
Bioreaetors / 2.9.2:
Granular Activated Carbon and Other Sorbenl Media / 2.9.3:
Electrochemical Oxidation / 2.9.4:
Conclusion / 2.10:
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances / Chapter 3:
PFASs Chemistry / 3.1:
Ionic State / 3.2.1:
Linear and Branched Isomers / 3.2.2:
Perfluoroalkyl Substances / 3.2.3:
Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acids / 3.2.3.1:
Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids / 3.2.3.2:
Perfluoroalkyl Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids / 3.2.3.3:
Perfluoroalkyl Ether Carboxylates and Perfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonates / 3.2.3.4:
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances / 3.2.4:
ECF-Derived Polyfluoroalkyl Substances / 3.2.4.1:
Fluorotelomerizat ion-Derived Polyfluoroalkyl Substances / 3.2.4.2:
Long- and Short-Chain PFASs / 3.2.5:
Polymeric PFASs / 3.2.6:
Replacement PFASs / 3.2.7:
Chemistry of PFASs in Class B Firefighting Foams / 3.2.8:
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties / 3.3:
Biological Activity Towards PFASs / 3.3.1:
Transformation of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances / 3.3.2:
Abiotic Transformation / 3.3.2.1:
Biotic Transformation / 3.3.2.2:
PFASs Production and Use / 3.4:
Manufacturing Processes and Uses / 3.4.1:
Electrochemical Fluorination / 3.4.2:
Fluorotelomerization / 3.4.3:
Oligomerization / 3.4.4:
Uses / 3.4.5:
Use as Surfactants / 3.4.5.1:
Use as Surface Coatings / 3.4.5.2:
Other Uses / 3.4.5.3:
Sampling and Analysis / 3.5:
General Sampling Guidelines / 3.5.1:
Soil and Sediment Sampling / 3.5.1.1:
Surface Water and Groundwater Sampling / 3.5.1.2:
Storage and Hold Times / 3.5.1.3:
Chemical Analysis Methods / 3.5.2:
Overview of Standard Methods / 3.5.2.1:
Advanced Analytical Techniques / 3.5.2.2:
Health Considerations / 3.6:
Exposure Routes / 3.6.1:
Distribution in Tissue / 3.6.2:
Bioaccumulation / 3.6.3:
Elimination / 3.6.4:
Toxicologic and Epidemiological Studies / 3.6.5:
Acute Toxicity / 3.6.5.1:
(Sub)Chronic Toxicity / 3.6.5.2:
Epidemiological Studies / 3.6.5.3:
Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity / 3.6.5.4:
Derivation of Reference Doses/Tolerable Daily Intakes / 3.6.5.5:
Carcinogenic Effects / 3.6.5.6:
Regulation / 3.7:
Regulation of PFASs / 3.7.1:
Global Treaties and Conventions / 3.7.1.1:
United States of America / 3.7.1.2:
Europe / 3.7.1.3:
Australia / 3.7.1.4:
Regulation of Perfluoroalkyl Ethers / 3.7.2:
Fate and Transport / 3.8:
PFAS Distribution in Environmental Matrices / 3.8.1:
PFASs in Soils / 3.8.1.1:
Leaching / 3.8.1.2:
Transport and Retardation in Groundwater / 3.8.1.3:
Surface Waters and Sediments / 3.8.1.4:
Vapor Migration / 3.8.1.5:
Atmospheric Deposition / 3.8.1.6:
Detections and Background Levels in the Environment / 3.8.2:
Sites of Concern / 3.8.3:
CSM for Industrial Facilities / 3.8.3.1:
CSM for Fire Training Areas and Class B Fire Response Areas / 3.8.3.2:
CSM for WWTPs and Biosolid Application Areas / 3.8.3.3:
CSM for Landfills / 3.8.3.4:
PFAS-Relevant Treatment Technologies / 3.9:
Biological Treatment / 3.9.1:
Soil and Sediment Treatment / 3.9.2:
Incineration / 3.9.2.1:
Stabilization/Solidification / 3.9.2.2:
Vapor Energy Generator Technology / 3.9.2.3:
Soil/Sediment Washing / 3.9.2.4:
High-Energy Electron Beam / 3.9.2.5:
Mechanochemical Destruction / 3.9.2.6:
Water Treatment / 3.9.3:
Mature Water Treatment Technologies / 3.9.3.1:
Developing Treatment Technologies / 3.9.3.2:
Experimental Treatment Technologies / 3.9.3.3:
Conclusions / 3.10:
Hexavalent Chromium / Chapter 4:
Geochemistry of Chromium / 4.1:
Sources of Cr(VI) / 4.1.2:
U.S. Federal Regulations / 4.2:
U.S. State Regulations / 4.3.2:
California / 4.3.2.1:
North Carolina / 4.3.2.2:
New Jersey / 4.3.2.3:
Other Countries / 4.3.3:
Occurrence of Cr(VI) / 4.4:
Naturally Occurring (Background) Cr(VI) in Groundwater / 4.4.1:
Cr(VI) in Drinking Water / 4.4.2:
Investigation of Cr(VI) in Groundwater / 4.5:
Chromium Isotopes / 4.5.2:
Mineralogical Analyses / 4.5.3.2:
In Situ Reduction / 4.6:
In Situ Chemical Reduction / 4.6.1.1:
In Situ Biological Reduction / 4.6.1.2:
Permeable Reactive Barriers / 4.6.1.3:
Reoxidation of Cr(III) Formed by In Situ Reduction / 4.6.1.4:
Ex Situ Treatment / 4.6.2:
Dynamic Groundwater Recirculation
Tier I / 4.6.4:
Tier II / 4.6.4.2:
Tier III / 4.6.4.3:
Tier IV / 4.6.4.4:
Drinking Water Treatment / 4.7:
Point-of-Entry and Point-of-Use Treatment / 4.7.1:
Cr(VI) Treatment Technologies for Drinking Water Treatment and Ex Situ Groundwater Remediation / 4.8:
Reduction/Coagulation/Filtration with Ferrous Iron / 4.8.1:
Ion Exchange / 4.8.2:
Weak Base Anion Resins / 4.8.2.1:
Strong Base Anion Resins / 4.8.2.2:
Reverse Osmosis / 4.8.3:
Bioreactors / 4.8.4:
Phytostabilization / 4.8.4.1:
Iron Media / 4.8.4.2:
Reduction/Filtration via Stannous Chloride (RF-Sn[II]) / 4.8.5:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane / 4.9:
International Guidance / 5.1:
Investigation / 5.4:
Groundwater Remediation Technologies / 5.4.2:
In Situ Hydrolysis / 5.5.1:
In Situ Biological Treatment / 5.5.1.2:
TCP Treatment Technologies for Drinking Water Treatment and Ex Situ Groundwater Remediation / 5.5.1.3:
Granular Activated Carbon / 5.7.1:
Air Stripping / 5.7.2:
Other Processes / 5.7.4:
Considerations for Future Contaminants of Emerging Concern / 5.8:
Categorizing Future Emerging Contaminants / 6.1:
The Challenges Posed in Emerging Contaminant Management / 6.3:
Challenges Associated with Release to the Environment / 6.3.1:
Challenges Associated with Assessing Toxicological Risk / 6.3.2:
Challenges Associated with Regulation / 6.3.3:
Challenges Associated with Characterization and Analysis / 6.3.4:
Challenges Associated with Treatment / 6.3.5:
The Future of Emerging Contaminants / 6.4:
Appendices
USEPA Candidate Contaminant List / Appendix A:
REACH Candidate List / Appendix B:
Emerging Contaminants and Their Physical and Chemical Properties / Appendix C:
NGI Preliminary List of Substances That Could Be Considered to Meet the PMT or vPvM Criteria / Appendix D:
Summary of PFAS Environmental Standards: Soil / Appendix E.1:
Summary of PFAS Environmental Standards: Groundwater / Appendix E.2:
Summary of PFAS Environmental Standards: Surface Water / Appendix E.3:
Summary of PFAS Environmental Standards: Drinking Water / Appendix E.4:
Notes / Appendix E.5:
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
62.
EB
Leo J. Grady, Jonathan R. Polimeni
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer London, 2010
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Discrete Calculus: History and Future / 1:
Discrete Calculus / 1.1:
Origins of Vector Calculus / 1.1.1:
Origins of Discrete Calculus / 1.1.2:
Discrete vs. Discretized / 1.1.3:
Complex Networks / 1.2:
Content Extraction / 1.3:
Organization of the Book / 1.4:
Intended Audience / 1.5:
A Brief Review of Discrete Calculus / Part I:
Introduction to Discrete Calculus / 2:
Topology and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus / 2.1:
Differential Forms / 2.2:
Exterior Algebra and Antisymmetric Tensors / 2.2.1:
Differentiation and Integration of Forms / 2.2.2:
The Hodge Star Operator / 2.2.3:
Differential Forms and Linear Pairings / 2.2.4:
Discrete Domains / 2.3:
Discrete Forms and the Coboundary Operator / 2.3.2:
Primal and Dual Complexes / 2.3.3:
The Role of a Metric: the Metric Tensor, the Discrete Hodge Star Operator, and Weighted Complexes / 2.3.4:
The Dual Coboundary Operator / 2.3.5:
The Discrete Laplace-de Rham Operator / 2.3.6:
Structure of Discrete Physical Laws / 2.4:
Examples of Discrete Calculus / 2.5:
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the Generalized Stokes' Theorem / 2.5.1:
The Helmholtz Decomposition / 2.5.2:
Matrix Representation of Discrete Calculus Identities / 2.5.3:
Elliptic Equations / 2.5.4:
Diffusion / 2.5.5:
Advection / 2.5.6:
Concluding Remarks / 2.6:
Circuit Theory and Other Discrete Physical Models / 3:
Circuit Laws / 3.1:
Steady-State Solutions / 3.2:
Dependent Sources / 3.2.1:
Energy Minimization / 3.2.2:
AC Circuits / 3.3:
Connections Between Circuit Theory and Other Discrete Domains / 3.4:
Spring Networks / 3.4.1:
Random Walks / 3.4.2:
Gaussian Markov Random Fields / 3.4.3:
Tree Counting / 3.4.4:
Linear Algebra Applied to Circuit Analysis / 3.4.5:
Conclusion / 3.5:
Applications of Discrete Calculus / Part II:
Building a Weighted Complex from Data / 4:
Determining Edges and Cycles / 4.1:
Defining an Edge Set / 4.1.1:
Defining a Cycle Set / 4.1.2:
Deriving Edge Weights / 4.2:
Edge Weights to Reflect Geometry / 4.2.1:
Edge Weights to Penalize Data Outliers / 4.2.2:
Edge Weights to Cause Repulsion / 4.2.3:
Edge Weights to Represent Joint Statistics / 4.2.4:
Deducing Edge Weights from Observations / 4.2.5:
Obtaining Higher-Order Weights to Penalize Outliers / 4.3:
Weights Beyond Flows / 4.3.1:
Metrics Defined on a Complex / 4.4:
Filtering on Graphs / 4.5:
Fourier and Spectral Filtering on a Graph / 5.1:
Graphs that Are Not Shift-Invariant / 5.1.1:
The Origins of High Frequency Noise / 5.1.2:
Energy Minimization Methods for Filtering / 5.2:
The Basic Energy Minimization Model / 5.2.1:
Extended Basic Energy Model / 5.2.2:
The Total Variation Model / 5.2.3:
Filtering with Implicit Discontinuities / 5.3:
Filtering with Explicit, but Unknown, Discontinuities / 5.4:
Filtering by Gradient Manipulation / 5.5:
Nonlocal Filtering / 5.6:
Filtering Vectors and Flows / 5.7:
Translating Scalar Filtering to Flow Filtering / 5.7.1:
Filtering Higher-Order Cochains / 5.8:
Applications / 5.9:
Image Processing / 5.9.1:
Three-Dimensional Mesh Filtering / 5.9.2:
Filtering Data on a Surface / 5.9.3:
Geospatial Data / 5.9.4:
Filtering Flow Data-Brain Connectivity / 5.9.5:
Clustering and Segmentation / 5.10:
Targeted Clustering / 6.1:
Primal Targeted Clustering / 6.1.1:
Dual Targeted Clustering / 6.1.2:
Untargeted Clustering / 6.2:
Primal Untargeted Clustering / 6.2.1:
Dual Untargeted Clustering / 6.2.2:
Semi-targeted Clustering / 6.3:
The k-Means Model / 6.3.1:
Clustering Higher-Order Cells / 6.4:
Clustering Edges / 6.4.1:
Image Segmentation / 6.5:
Social Networks / 6.5.2:
Machine Learning and Classification / 6.5.3:
Gene Expression / 6.5.4:
Manifold Learning and Ranking / 6.6:
Manifold Learning / 7.1:
Multidimensional Scaling and Isomap / 7.1.1:
Laplacian Eigenmaps and Spectral Coordinates / 7.1.2:
Locality Preserving Projections / 7.1.3:
Relationship to Clustering / 7.1.4:
Manifold Learning on Edge Data / 7.1.5:
Ranking / 7.2:
PageRank / 7.2.1:
HITS / 7.2.2:
Shape Characterization / 7.3:
Point Correspondence / 7.3.2:
Web Search / 7.3.3:
Judicial Citation / 7.3.4:
Measuring Networks / 7.4:
Measures of Graph Connectedness / 8.1:
Graph Distance / 8.1.1:
Node Centrality / 8.1.2:
Distance-Based Properties of a Graph / 8.1.3:
Measures of Graph Separability / 8.2:
Clustering Measures / 8.2.1:
Small-World Graphs / 8.2.2:
Topological Measures / 8.3:
Geometric Measures / 8.4:
Discrete Gaussian Curvature / 8.4.1:
Discrete Mean Curvature / 8.4.2:
Chemical Graph Theory / 8.5:
Representation and Storage of a Graph and Complex / 8.6:
General Representations for Complexes / A.1:
Cells List Representation / A.1.1:
Operator Representation / A.1.2:
Representation of 1-Complexes / A.2:
Neighbor List Representation / A.2.1:
Optimization / Appendix B:
Real-Valued Optimization / B.1:
Unconstrained Direct Solutions / B.1.1:
Constrained Direct Solutions / B.1.2:
Descent Methods / B.1.3:
Nonconvex Energy Optimization over Real Variables / B.1.4:
Integer-Valued Optimization / B.2:
Linear Objective Functions / B.2.1:
Quadratic Objective Functions / B.2.2:
General Integer Programming Problems / B.2.3:
The Hodge Theorem: A Generalization of the Helmholtz Decomposition / Appendix C:
The Helmholtz Theorem / C.1:
The Hodge Decomposition / C.2:
Summary of Notation
References
Index
Color Plates
Discrete Calculus: History and Future / 1:
Discrete Calculus / 1.1:
Origins of Vector Calculus / 1.1.1:
63.
EB
Leo J. Grady, Jonathan R. Polimeni
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer London, 2010
子書誌情報:
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所蔵情報:
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Discrete Calculus: History and Future / 1:
Discrete Calculus / 1.1:
Origins of Vector Calculus / 1.1.1:
Origins of Discrete Calculus / 1.1.2:
Discrete vs. Discretized / 1.1.3:
Complex Networks / 1.2:
Content Extraction / 1.3:
Organization of the Book / 1.4:
Intended Audience / 1.5:
A Brief Review of Discrete Calculus / Part I:
Introduction to Discrete Calculus / 2:
Topology and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus / 2.1:
Differential Forms / 2.2:
Exterior Algebra and Antisymmetric Tensors / 2.2.1:
Differentiation and Integration of Forms / 2.2.2:
The Hodge Star Operator / 2.2.3:
Differential Forms and Linear Pairings / 2.2.4:
Discrete Domains / 2.3:
Discrete Forms and the Coboundary Operator / 2.3.2:
Primal and Dual Complexes / 2.3.3:
The Role of a Metric: the Metric Tensor, the Discrete Hodge Star Operator, and Weighted Complexes / 2.3.4:
The Dual Coboundary Operator / 2.3.5:
The Discrete Laplace-de Rham Operator / 2.3.6:
Structure of Discrete Physical Laws / 2.4:
Examples of Discrete Calculus / 2.5:
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the Generalized Stokes' Theorem / 2.5.1:
The Helmholtz Decomposition / 2.5.2:
Matrix Representation of Discrete Calculus Identities / 2.5.3:
Elliptic Equations / 2.5.4:
Diffusion / 2.5.5:
Advection / 2.5.6:
Concluding Remarks / 2.6:
Circuit Theory and Other Discrete Physical Models / 3:
Circuit Laws / 3.1:
Steady-State Solutions / 3.2:
Dependent Sources / 3.2.1:
Energy Minimization / 3.2.2:
AC Circuits / 3.3:
Connections Between Circuit Theory and Other Discrete Domains / 3.4:
Spring Networks / 3.4.1:
Random Walks / 3.4.2:
Gaussian Markov Random Fields / 3.4.3:
Tree Counting / 3.4.4:
Linear Algebra Applied to Circuit Analysis / 3.4.5:
Conclusion / 3.5:
Applications of Discrete Calculus / Part II:
Building a Weighted Complex from Data / 4:
Determining Edges and Cycles / 4.1:
Defining an Edge Set / 4.1.1:
Defining a Cycle Set / 4.1.2:
Deriving Edge Weights / 4.2:
Edge Weights to Reflect Geometry / 4.2.1:
Edge Weights to Penalize Data Outliers / 4.2.2:
Edge Weights to Cause Repulsion / 4.2.3:
Edge Weights to Represent Joint Statistics / 4.2.4:
Deducing Edge Weights from Observations / 4.2.5:
Obtaining Higher-Order Weights to Penalize Outliers / 4.3:
Weights Beyond Flows / 4.3.1:
Metrics Defined on a Complex / 4.4:
Filtering on Graphs / 4.5:
Fourier and Spectral Filtering on a Graph / 5.1:
Graphs that Are Not Shift-Invariant / 5.1.1:
The Origins of High Frequency Noise / 5.1.2:
Energy Minimization Methods for Filtering / 5.2:
The Basic Energy Minimization Model / 5.2.1:
Extended Basic Energy Model / 5.2.2:
The Total Variation Model / 5.2.3:
Filtering with Implicit Discontinuities / 5.3:
Filtering with Explicit, but Unknown, Discontinuities / 5.4:
Filtering by Gradient Manipulation / 5.5:
Nonlocal Filtering / 5.6:
Filtering Vectors and Flows / 5.7:
Translating Scalar Filtering to Flow Filtering / 5.7.1:
Filtering Higher-Order Cochains / 5.8:
Applications / 5.9:
Image Processing / 5.9.1:
Three-Dimensional Mesh Filtering / 5.9.2:
Filtering Data on a Surface / 5.9.3:
Geospatial Data / 5.9.4:
Filtering Flow Data-Brain Connectivity / 5.9.5:
Clustering and Segmentation / 5.10:
Targeted Clustering / 6.1:
Primal Targeted Clustering / 6.1.1:
Dual Targeted Clustering / 6.1.2:
Untargeted Clustering / 6.2:
Primal Untargeted Clustering / 6.2.1:
Dual Untargeted Clustering / 6.2.2:
Semi-targeted Clustering / 6.3:
The k-Means Model / 6.3.1:
Clustering Higher-Order Cells / 6.4:
Clustering Edges / 6.4.1:
Image Segmentation / 6.5:
Social Networks / 6.5.2:
Machine Learning and Classification / 6.5.3:
Gene Expression / 6.5.4:
Manifold Learning and Ranking / 6.6:
Manifold Learning / 7.1:
Multidimensional Scaling and Isomap / 7.1.1:
Laplacian Eigenmaps and Spectral Coordinates / 7.1.2:
Locality Preserving Projections / 7.1.3:
Relationship to Clustering / 7.1.4:
Manifold Learning on Edge Data / 7.1.5:
Ranking / 7.2:
PageRank / 7.2.1:
HITS / 7.2.2:
Shape Characterization / 7.3:
Point Correspondence / 7.3.2:
Web Search / 7.3.3:
Judicial Citation / 7.3.4:
Measuring Networks / 7.4:
Measures of Graph Connectedness / 8.1:
Graph Distance / 8.1.1:
Node Centrality / 8.1.2:
Distance-Based Properties of a Graph / 8.1.3:
Measures of Graph Separability / 8.2:
Clustering Measures / 8.2.1:
Small-World Graphs / 8.2.2:
Topological Measures / 8.3:
Geometric Measures / 8.4:
Discrete Gaussian Curvature / 8.4.1:
Discrete Mean Curvature / 8.4.2:
Chemical Graph Theory / 8.5:
Representation and Storage of a Graph and Complex / 8.6:
General Representations for Complexes / A.1:
Cells List Representation / A.1.1:
Operator Representation / A.1.2:
Representation of 1-Complexes / A.2:
Neighbor List Representation / A.2.1:
Optimization / Appendix B:
Real-Valued Optimization / B.1:
Unconstrained Direct Solutions / B.1.1:
Constrained Direct Solutions / B.1.2:
Descent Methods / B.1.3:
Nonconvex Energy Optimization over Real Variables / B.1.4:
Integer-Valued Optimization / B.2:
Linear Objective Functions / B.2.1:
Quadratic Objective Functions / B.2.2:
General Integer Programming Problems / B.2.3:
The Hodge Theorem: A Generalization of the Helmholtz Decomposition / Appendix C:
The Helmholtz Theorem / C.1:
The Hodge Decomposition / C.2:
Summary of Notation
References
Index
Color Plates
Discrete Calculus: History and Future / 1:
Discrete Calculus / 1.1:
Origins of Vector Calculus / 1.1.1:
64.
図書
Shiping Liu, Gang (Sheng) Chen
出版情報:
Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2019 xii, 254 p. ; 23 cm
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Preface
Introduction / 1:
Robot Joint Friction Modeling and Parameter Identification / 1.1:
Contact Perception in Virtual Environment / 1.2:
Organization of This Book / 1.3:
References
Fundamentals of Robot Dynamics and Control / 2:
Robot Kinematics / 2.1:
Matrix Description of Robot Kinematics / 2.1.1:
Homogeneous Transformation Matrices / 2.1.2:
Forward Kinematics / 2.1.3:
Inverse Kinematics / 2.1.4:
Velocity Kinematics / 2.1.5:
Robot Dynamics / 2.2:
Robot Control / 2.3:
Trajectory Control / 2.3.1:
Point-to-point Control / 2.3.2.1:
Trajectories for Paths Specified by Points / 2.3.2.2:
Interaction Control / 2.3.3:
Impedance Control / 2.3.3.1:
Hybrid Force-Position Control 38 References / 2.3.3.2:
Friction and Contact of Solid Interfaces / 3:
Contact Between Two Solid Surfaces / 3.1:
Description of Surfaces / 3.2.1:
Contact Mechanics of Two Solid Surfaces / 3.2.2:
Friction Between Two Solid Surfaces / 3.3:
Adhesion / 3.3.1:
Dry Friction / 3.3.2:
Friction Mechanisms / 3.3.2.1:
Friction Transitions and Wear / 3.3.2.2:
Static Friction, Hysteresis, Time, and Displacement Dependence / 3.3.2.3:
Effects of Environmental and Operational Condition on Friction / 3.3.2.4:
Liquid Mediated Friction / 3.3.3:
Stribeck Curve / 3.3.3.1:
Unsteady Liquid-Mediated Friction / 3.3.3.2:
Negative Slope of Friction-Velocity Curve / 3.3.3.3:
Friction Models / 3.3.4:
Friction Dynamics of Manipulators / 4:
Friction Models of Robot Manipulator Joints / 4.1:
Modeling Friction with Varied Effects / 4.2:
The Motion Equations of Dynamics of Robot Manipulators with Friction / 4.3:
The General Motion Equation of Robot Manipulators / 4.3.1:
The Motion Equation of Two-Link Robot Manipulators / 4.3.2:
Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos of Manipulators / 4.4:
Parameters Identification / 4.5:
Identification of Dynamic Parameters / 4.5.1:
Identification of Parameters of Friction Models / 4.5.2:
Uncertainty Analysis / 4.5.3:
Friction Compensation and Control of Robot Manipulator Dynamics / 4.6:
Force Feedback and Haptic Rendering / 5:
Overview of Robot Force Feedback / 5.1:
Generating Methods of Feedback Force / 5.2:
Serial Mechanism / 5.2.1:
Kinematics / 5.2.1.1:
Dynamics / 5.2.1.2:
Parallel Mechanism / 5.2.2:
Kinematics Model / 5.2.2.1:
Dynamics Based on Virtual Work / 5.2.2.2:
Friction Compensation / 5.2.3:
Calculation of Virtual Force / 5.3:
Collision Detection / 5.3.1:
The Construction of the Bounding Box / 5.3.1.1:
Calculation of Distance between Bounding Boxes / 5.3.1.2:
Calculating the Model of Virtual Force / 5.3.2:
1-DoF Interaction / 5.3.2.1:
2-DoF Interaction / 5.3.2.2:
3-DoF Interaction / 5.3.2.3:
6-DoF Interaction / 5.3.2.4:
Haptic Display Based on Point Haptic Device / 5.4:
Human Tactile Perception / 5.4.1:
Haptic Texture Display Methods / 5.4.2:
Virtual Simulation of Robot Control / 6:
Overview of Robot Simulation / 6.1:
3D Graphic Environment / 6.2:
Virtual Reality-Based Robot Control / 6.3:
Overview of Virtual Reality / 6.3.1:
Overview of Teleoperation / 6.3.2:
Virtual Reality-Based Teleoperation / 6.3.3:
Augmented Reality-Based Tele operation / 6.4:
Overview of Augmented Reality / 6.4.1:
Augmented Reality-Based Teleoperation / 6.4.2:
Task Planning Methods in Virtual Environment / 6.5:
Overview / 6.5.1:
Interactive Graphic Mode / 6.5.2:
Index
Preface
Introduction / 1:
Robot Joint Friction Modeling and Parameter Identification / 1.1:
65.
EB
Yves Jannot, Alain Degiovanni
出版情報:
Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018
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Preface
Nomenclature
Modeling of Heat Transfer / Chapter 1:
The different modes of heat transfer / 1.1:
Introduction and definitions / 1.1.1:
Conduction / 1.1.2:
Convection / 1.1.3:
Radiation / 1.1.4:
Heat storage / 1.1.5:
Modeling heat transfer by conduction / 1.2:
The heat equation / 1.2.1:
Steady-state conduction / 1.2.2:
Conduction in unsteady state / 1.2.3:
The quadrupole method / 1.2.4:
The thermal properties of a material / 1.3:
Thermal conductivity / 1.3.1:
Thermal diffusivity / 1.3.2:
Volumetric heat capacity / 1.3.3:
Thermal effusivity / 1.3.4:
Conclusion / 1.3.5:
Tools and Methods for Thermal Characterization / Chapter 2:
Measurement of temperature / 2.1:
Liquid column thermometer / 2.1.1:
Thermocouple / 2.1.2:
Thermistor / 2.1.3:
Platinum resistance / 2.1.4:
IR detector / 2.1.5:
IR camera / 2.1.6:
Choice of a measurement method / 2.1.7:
Data filtering / 2.1.8:
Tools for parameter estimation / 2.2:
Introduction / 2.2.1:
Quadrupole modeling / 2.2.2:
Dimensional analysis / 2.2.3:
Study of reduced sensitivity / 2.2.4:
Method for estimating parameters / 2.2.5:
Evaluation of the estimation error due La the measurement noise / 2.2.6:
Other sources of error / 2.2.7:
Validity domain of a model and estimation time interval / 2.2.8:
Choice of the temperature's origin / 2.2.9:
Steady-state Methods / 2.2.10:
Guarded hot plate / 3.1:
Principle / 3.2.1:
Hypotheses and model / 3.2.2:
Experimental design / 3.2.3:
Practice of the measurement / 3.2.4:
Center hot plate / 3.3:
Experimental set-up / 3.3.1:
Hot strip / 3.3.4:
Hot rube / 3.4.1:
Cut bar / 3.5.1:
Flux/Temperature Transient Methods / 3.6.1:
Infinite hot plate / 4.1:
Asymmetric setup / 4.2.1:
Asymmetric hot plate / 4.3:
Measuring temperature / 4.3.1:
Measurement of two temperatures / 4.3.2:
Hot wire / 4.4:
Experimental setup / 4.4.1:
Flash ID / 4.4.4:
Hypotheses and models / 4.5.1:
Methods for the estimation of diffusivity / 4.5.3:
Experimental setups / 4.5.4:
Flash 3D / 4.6:
Principle and history / 4.6.1:
Identification method / 4.6.2:
Example of an experimental setup / 4.6.4:
Hot disc / 4.6.5:
Experimental study / 4.7.1:
3ω Method / 4.8:
Calorimetry / 4.9.1:
Differentia! calorimeter / 4.10.1:
Drop calorimeter / 4.10.2:
Transient Temperature/Temperature Methods / Chapter 5:
Planar three-layer / 5.1:
Practice of the method / 5.2.1:
Cylindrical three-layer / 5.3:
Experimental practice / 5.3.1:
Transient fin method / 5.4:
Choice of an Adapted Method / 5.4.1:
Measurement advice / 6.1:
How many measurements? / 6.1.1:
Steady-state or transient mode? / 6.1.2:
What if the material is wet? / 6.1.3:
What if the material is semi-transparent? / 6.1.4:
Choice of method / 6.2:
Consolidated solid / 6.2.1:
Liquids / 6.2.2:
Powders / 6.2.3:
Thin films / 6.2.4:
Analogies Between Different Transfers / Chapter 7:
Diffusion of heat by conduction / 7.1:
Diffusion of water vapor / 7.2:
Flow of a gas in a porous medium / 7.3:
Analogy between the different transfers / 7.4:
Example of adaptation of a thermal method to another domain / 7.5:
Appendices
Physical Properties of Some Materials / Appendix 1:
Physical Properties of Air and Water / Appendix 2:
Transfer Coefficients in Natural Convection / Appendix 3:
Main Integral Transformations: Laplace, Fourier and Hankel / Appendix 4:
Inverse Laplace Transformation / Appendix 5:
Value of the Function ERF / Appendix 6:
Quadrupole Matrices for Different Configurations / Appendix 7:
Bessel Equations and Functions / Appendix 8:
Influence of Radiation on Temperature Measurement / Appendix 9:
Case Study / Appendix 10:
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Nomenclature
Modeling of Heat Transfer / Chapter 1:
66.
図書
Jeremy W. Dale and Simon F. Park
出版情報:
Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 xii, 388 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface
Nucleic Acid Structure and Function / 1:
Structure of nucleic acids / 1.1:
DNA / 1.1.1:
RNA / 1.1.2:
Hydrophobic interactions / 1.1.3:
Different forms of the double helix / 1.1.4:
Supercoiling / 1.1.5:
Denaturation and hybridization / 1.1.6:
Orientation of nucleic acid strands / 1.1.7:
Replication of DNA / 1.2:
Unwinding and rewinding / 1.2.1:
Fidelity of replication; proofreading / 1.2.2:
Chromosome replication and cell division / 1.3:
DNA repair / 1.4:
Mismatch repair / 1.4.1:
Excision repair / 1.4.2:
Recombination (post-replication) repair / 1.4.3:
SOS repair / 1.4.4:
Gene expression / 1.5:
Transcription / 1.5.1:
Translation / 1.5.2:
Post-translational events / 1.5.3:
Gene organization / 1.6:
Mutation and Variation / 2:
Variation and evolution / 2.1:
Fluctuation test / 2.1.1:
Replica plating / 2.1.2:
Directed mutation in bacteria? / 2.1.3:
Types of mutation / 2.2:
Point mutations / 2.2.1:
Conditional mutants / 2.2.2:
Variation due to larger-scale DNA alterations / 2.2.3:
Extrachromosomal agents and horizontal gene transfer / 2.2.4:
Recombination / 2.3:
A model of the general (homologous) recombination process / 2.3.1:
Enzymes involved in recombination / 2.3.2:
Phenotypes / 2.4:
Restoration of phenotype / 2.4.1:
Mechanisms of mutation / 2.5:
Spontaneous mutation / 2.5.1:
Chemical mutagens / 2.5.2:
Ultraviolet irradiation / 2.5.3:
Isolation and identification of mutants / 2.6:
Mutation and selection / 2.6.1:
Isolation of other mutants / 2.6.2:
Molecular methods / 2.6.4:
Regulation of Gene Expression / 3:
Gene copy number / 3.1:
Transcriptional control / 3.2:
Promoters / 3.2.1:
Terminators, attenuators and anti-terminators / 3.2.2:
Induction and repression: regulatory proteins / 3.2.3:
Two-component regulatory systems / 3.2.4:
Global regulatory systems / 3.2.5:
Quorum sensing / 3.2.6:
Translational control / 3.3:
Ribosome binding / 3.3.1:
Codon usage / 3.3.2:
Stringent response / 3.3.3:
Regulatory RNA / 3.3.4:
Phase variation / 3.4:
Genetics of Bacteriophages / 4:
Bacteriophage structure / 4.1:
Single-strand DNA bacteriophages / 4.2:
ΦX174 / 4.2.1:
M13 / 4.2.2:
RNA-containing phages: MS2 / 4.3:
Double-stranded DNA phages / 4.4:
Bacteriophage T4 / 4.4.1:
Bacteriophage λ / 4.4.2:
Lytic and lysogenic regulation of bacteriophage λ / 4.4.3:
Restriction and modification / 4.5:
Bacterial resistance to phage attack / 4.6:
Complementation and recombination / 4.7:
Why are bacteriophages important? / 4.8:
Phage typing / 4.8.1:
Phage therapy / 4.8.2:
Phage display / 4.8.3:
Phages in the natural environment / 4.8.4:
Bacterial virulence and phage conversion / 4.8.5:
Plasmids / 5:
Some bacterial characteristics are determined by plasmids / 5.1:
Antibiotic resistance / 5.1.1:
Colicins and bacteriocins / 5.1.2:
Virulence determinants / 5.1.3:
Plasmids in plant-associated bacteria / 5.1.4:
Metabolic activities / 5.1.5:
Molecular properties of plasmids / 5.2:
Plasmid replication and control / 5.2.1:
Partitioning / 5.2.2:
Host range / 5.2.3:
Plasmid incompatibility / 5.2.4:
Plasmid stability / 5.3:
Plasmid integrity / 5.3.1:
Differential growth rate / 5.3.2:
Associating a plasmid with a phenotype / 5.4:
Gene Transfer / 6:
Transformation / 6.1:
Conjugation / 6.2:
Mechanism of conjugation / 6.2.1:
The F plasmid / 6.2.2:
Conjugation in other bacteria / 6.2.3:
Transduction / 6.3:
Specialized transduction / 6.3.1:
Consequences of recombination / 6.4:
Site-specific and non-homologous (illegitimate) recombination / 6.4.2:
Mosaic genes and chromosome plasticity / 6.5:
Genomic Plasticity: Movable Genes and Phase Variation / 7:
Insertion sequences / 7.1:
Structure of insertion sequences / 7.1.1:
Occurrence of insertion sequences / 7.1.2:
Transposons / 7.2:
Structure of transposons / 7.2.1:
Integrons / 7.2.2:
ISCR elements / 7.2.3:
Mechanisms of transposition / 7.3:
Replicative transposition / 7.3.1:
Non-replicative (conservative) transposition / 7.3.2:
Regulation of transposition / 7.3.3:
Activation of genes by transposable elements / 7.3.4:
Mu: A transposable bacteriophage / 7.3.5:
Conjugative transposons / 7.3.6:
Variation mediated by simple DNA inversion / 7.4:
Variation mediated by nested DNA inversion / 7.4.2:
Antigenic variation in the gonococcus / 7.4.3:
Phase variation by slipped-strand mispairing / 7.4.4:
Phase variation mediated by differential DNA methylation / 7.4.5:
Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats / 7.5:
Genetic Modification: Exploiting the Potential of Bacteria / 8:
Strain development / 8.1:
Generation of variation / 8.1.1:
Selection of desired variants / 8.1.2:
Overproduction of primary metabolites / 8.2:
Simple pathways / 8.2.1:
Branched pathways / 8.2.2:
Overproduction of secondary metabolites / 8.3:
Gene cloning / 8.4:
Cutting and joining DNA / 8.4.1:
Plasmid vectors / 8.4.2:
Bacteriophage λ vectors / 8.4.3:
Cloning larger fragments / 8.4.4:
Bacteriophage M13 vectors / 8.4.5:
Gene libraries / 8.5:
Construction of genomic libraries / 8.5.1:
Screening a gene library / 8.5.2:
Cloning PCR products / 8.5.3:
Construction of a cDNA library / 8.5.4:
Products from cloned genes / 8.6:
Expression vectors / 8.6.1:
Making new genes / 8.6.2:
Other bacterial hosts / 8.6.3:
Novel vaccines / 8.6.4:
Other uses of gene technology / 8.7:
Genetic Methods for Investigating Bacteria / 9:
Metabolic pathways / 9.1:
Complementation / 9.1.1:
Cross-feeding / 9.1.2:
Microbial physiology / 9.2:
Reporter genes / 9.2.1:
Chromatin immunoprecipitation / 9.2.2:
Cell division / 9.2.3:
Motility and chemotaxis / 9.2.4:
Cell differentiation / 9.2.5:
Bacterial virulence / 9.3:
Wide-range mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis / 9.3.1:
Detection of virulence genes / 9.3.2:
Specific mutagenesis / 9.4:
Gene replacement / 9.4.1:
Antisense RNA / 9.4.2:
Taxonomy, evolution and epidemiology / 9.5:
Molecular taxonomy / 9.5.1:
GC content / 9.5.2:
16 S rRNA / 9.5.3:
Denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis / 9.5.4:
Diagnostic use of PCR / 9.5.5:
Molecular epidemiology / 9.5.6:
Gene Mapping to Genomics and Beyond / 10:
Gene mapping / 10.1:
Conjugational analysis / 10.1.1:
Restriction mapping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis / 10.1.2:
DNA sequence determination / 10.2:
Sanger sequencing / 10.2.1:
Dye terminator sequencing / 10.2.2:
Pyrosequencing / 10.2.3:
Massively parallel sequencing / 10.2.4:
Genome sequencing / 10.3:
Genome-sequencing strategies / 10.3.1:
Relating sequence to function / 10.3.2:
Metagenomics / 10.3.3:
Comparative genomics / 10.4:
Microarrays / 10.4.1:
Analysis of gene expression / 10.5:
Transcriptional analysis / 10.5.1:
Translational analysis / 10.5.2:
Metabolomics / 10.6:
Systems biology and synthetic genomics / 10.7:
Systems biology / 10.7.1:
Synthetic genomics / 10.7.2:
Conclusion / 10.8:
Further Reading / Appendix A:
Abbreviations Used / Appendix B:
Glossary / Appendix C:
Enzymes and other Proteins / Appendix D:
Genes / Appendix E:
Standard Genetic Code / Appendix F:
Bacterial Species / Appendix G:
Index
?X174
Bacteriophage ?
Lytic and lysogenic regulation of bacteriophage ?
Bacteriophage ? vectors
Preface
Nucleic Acid Structure and Function / 1:
Structure of nucleic acids / 1.1:
67.
図書
Rance D. Necaise
出版情報:
Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley, c2011 xviii, 520 p. ; 26 cm
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Abstract Data Types / Chapter 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Abstractions / 1.1.1:
Data Structures / 1.1.2:
The Date ADT / 1.2:
Preconditions and Postconditions / 1.2.1:
Using the ADT / 1.2.2:
Implementing the ADT / 1.2.3:
The Bag ADT / 1.3:
Selecting a Data Structure / 1.3.1:
The Class Definition / 1.3.3:
Iterators / 1.4:
The Set ADT / 1.5:
The Map ADT / 1.5.1:
Defining the ADT / 1.6.1:
Implementing the Map ADT / 1.6.2:
Alternate Implementation / 1.6.3:
Application: Histograms / 1.7:
Building a Histogram / 1.7.1:
Implementing the Histogram ADT / 1.7.2:
Programming Problems
Arrays and Vectors / Chapter 2:
The Array Structure / 2.1:
Simulating an Array / 2.1.1:
The Array ADT / 2.1.2:
The Python List (Vector) / 2.1.3:
Multi-Dimensional Arrays / 2.3:
The MultiArray ADT / 2.3.1:
Data Organization / 2.3.2:
Variable Length Arguments / 2.3.3:
MultiArray Implementation / 2.3.4:
The Matrix ADT / 2.4:
Matrix Operations / 2.4.1:
Application: The Game of Life / 2.4.2:
Rules of the Game / 2.5.1:
Designing a Solution / 2.5.2:
ADT Implementation / 2.5.3:
Exercises
Algorithm Analysis / Chapter 3:
Complexity Analysis / 3.1:
Big-O Notation / 3.1.1:
Classes of Algorithms / 3.1.2:
Empirical Analysis / 3.1.3:
Evaluating ADT Implementations / 3.2:
Evaluating the Python List / 3.2.1:
Evaluating the Set ADT / 3.2.2:
Searching / 3.3:
Linear Search / 3.3.1:
Binary Search / 3.3.2:
Working with Ordered Lists / 3.4:
Building An Ordered List / 3.4.1:
Merging Ordered Lists / 3.4.2:
The Set ADT Revisited / 3.5:
Application: The Sparse Matrix / 3.6:
Implementation / 3.6.1:
Analysis / 3.6.2:
The Linked List / Chapter 4:
A Linked Structure / 4.1:
The Singly-Linked List / 4.2:
Basic Operations / 4.2.1:
Evaluating the Linked List / 4.2.2:
The Bag ADT Revisited / 4.3:
Implementation Details / 4.3.1:
Linked List Iterator / 4.3.2:
Using a Tail Pointer / 4.4:
The Ordered Linked List / 4.5:
The Sparse Matrix Revisited / 4.6:
The New Implementation / 4.6.1:
Comparing Implementations / 4.6.2:
Application: Polynomials / 4.7:
Polynomial Operations / 4.7.1:
The Polynomial ADT / 4.7.2:
Advanced Linked Lists / 4.7.3:
Doubly-Linked List / 5.1:
Organization / 5.1.1:
List Operations / 5.1.2:
Circular Linked List / 5.2:
Multi-Linked Lists / 5.2.1:
Multiple Chains / 5.3.1:
The Sparse Matrix / 5.3.2:
Complex Iterators / 5.4:
Application: Text Editor / 5.5:
Typical Editor Operations / 5.5.1:
The Edit Buffer ADT / 5.5.2:
Stacks / 5.5.3:
The Stack ADT / 6.1:
Implementing the Stack / 6.2:
Vector Based / 6.2.1:
Linked List Version / 6.2.2:
Stack Applications / 6.3:
Balanced Delimiters / 6.3.1:
Evaluating Postfix Expressions / 6.3.2:
Application: Solving a Maze / 6.4:
Backtracking / 6.4.1:
The Maze ADT / 6.4.2:
Queues / 6.4.4:
The Queue ADT / 7.1:
Implementing the Queue / 7.2:
Circular Array / 7.2.1:
The Priority Queue / 7.2.3:
Application: Computer Simulations / 7.4:
Airline Ticket Counter / 7.4.1:
Class Specifications / 7.4.2:
Hash Tables / Chapter 8:
Hash Functions / 8.1:
Open Addressing / 8.3:
Linear Probing / 8.3.1:
Collision Resolution / 8.3.2:
Bucket Hashing / 8.4:
Hashing Efficiency / 8.5:
The Map ADT Revisited / 8.6:
Application: The Color Histogram / 8.7:
Recursion / Chapter 9:
Recursive Functions / 9.1:
Properties of Recursion / 9.2:
Classic Example: The Factorial Function / 9.2.1:
Greatest Common Divisor / 9.2.2:
Recursion and Stacks / 9.3:
The Towers of Hanoi / 9.4:
Backtracking Revisited / 9.5:
The Eight-Queens Problem / 9.5.1:
Solving the Four-Queens / 9.5.2:
Recursive Solution / 9.5.3:
Application: Sudoku Puzzles / 9.6:
Binary Trees and Heaps / Chapter 10:
Tree Structure / 10.1:
The Binary Tree / 10.2:
Traversals / 10.2.1:
Arithmetic Expresssions / 10.2.2:
Tree Threading / 10.3:
Heaps / 10.4:
Insertions / 10.4.1:
Removals / 10.4.2:
Evaluating the Heap / 10.4.3:
The Priority Queue Revisited / 10.4.4:
Application: Morse Code / 10.5:
Advanced Search Trees / Chapter 11:
The Binary Search Tree / 11.1:
Deletions / 11.1.1:
Evaluating the BST / 11.1.4:
AVL Trees / 11.2:
Evaluating the AVL Tree / 11.2.1:
2-3 Trees / 11.3:
Splay Trees / 11.4:
Application: Improved Map ADT / 11.5:
Sorting Algorithms / Chapter 12:
The Simple Algorithms / 12.1:
Bubble Sort / 12.1.1:
Selection Sort / 12.1.2:
Insertion Sort / 12.1.3:
Radix Sort / 12.2:
Basic Algorithm / 12.2.1:
Bucket Sorting / 12.2.2:
Divide and Conquer / 12.3:
Merge Sort / 12.3.1:
Quick Sort / 12.3.2:
Heap Sort / 12.4:
Application: Empirical Analysis / 12.5:
Python Review / Appendix A:
Basic Concepts / A.1:
Functions / A.2:
Sequence Types / A.3:
Classes / A.4:
Copying Objects / A.5:
Exceptions / A.6:
Object-Oriented Programming / Appendix B:
Encapsulation / B.1:
Inheritance / B.3:
Polymorphism / B.4:
Abstract Data Types / Chapter 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Abstractions / 1.1.1:
68.
EB
Mariana Haragus, Gérard Iooss, Gérard Iooss
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer London, 2011
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Elementary Bifurcations / 1:
Bifurcations in Dimension 1 / 1.1:
Saddle-Node Bifurcation / 1.1.1:
Pitchfork Bifurcation / 1.1.2:
Bifurcations in Dimension 2 / 1.2:
Hopf Bifurcation / 1.2.1:
Example: Homogeneous Brusselator / 1.2.2:
Hopf Bifurcation with SO(2) Symmetry / 1.2.3:
Steady Bifurcation with O(2) Symmetry / 1.2.4:
Center Manifolds / 2:
Notations / 2.1:
Local Center Manifolds / 2.2:
Hypotheses / 2.2.1:
Main Result / 2.2.2:
Checking Hypothesis 2.7 / 2.2.3:
Examples / 2.2.4:
Particular Cases and Extensions / 2.3:
Parameter-Dependent Center Manifolds / 2.3.1:
Nonautonomous Center Manifolds / 2.3.2:
Symmetries and Reversibility / 2.3.3:
Empty Unstable Spectrum / 2.3.4:
Further Examples and Exercises / 2.4:
A Fourth Order ODE / 2.4.1:
Burgers Model / 2.4.2:
Swift-Hohenberg Equation / 2.4.3:
Brusselator Model / 2.4.4:
Elliptic PDE in a Strip / 2.4.5:
Normal Forms / 3:
Main Theorem / 3.1:
Proof of Theorem 1.2 / 3.1.1:
Parameter-Dependent Normal Forms / 3.1.2:
Linear Normal Forms / 3.2.1:
Derivation of the Parameter-Dependent Normal Form / 3.2.3:
Equivariant Vector Fields / 3.2.4:
Reversible Vector Fields / 3.3.2:
Example: van der Pol System / 3.3.3:
Normal Forms for Reduced Systems on Center Manifolds / 3.4:
Computation of Center Manifolds and Normal Forms / 3.4.1:
Example 1: Hopf Bifurcation / 3.4.2:
Example 2: Hopf Bifurcations with Symmetries / 3.4.3:
Example 3: Takens-Bogdanov Bifurcation / 3.4.4:
Further Normal Forms / 3.4.5:
Time-Periodic Normal Forms / 3.5.1:
Example: Periodically Forced Hopf Bifurcation / 3.5.2:
Normal Forms for Analytic Vector Fields / 3.5.3:
Reversible Bifurcations / 4:
Dimension 2 / 4.1:
Dimension 3 / 4.1.1:
Reversible 0(i?) Bifurcation (Elements) / 4.2.1:
Dimension 4 / 4.3:
Applications / 4.3.1:
Hydrodynamic Instabilities / 5.1:
Hydrodynamic Problem / 5.1.1:
Couette-Taylor Problem / 5.1.2:
Bénard-Rayleigh Convection Problem / 5.1.3:
Existence of Traveling Waves / 5.2:
Gravity-Capillary Water-Waves / 5.2.1:
Almost-Planar Waves in Reaction-Diffusion Systems / 5.2.2:
Waves in Lattices / 5.2.3:
Appendix
Elements of Functional Analysis / A:
Bounded and Closed Operators / A.1:
Resolvent and Spectrum / A.2:
Compact Operators and Operators with Compact Resolvent / A.3:
Adjoint Operator / A.4:
Fredholm Operators / A.5:
Basic Sobolev Spaces / A.6:
Proof of Theorem 2.9 (Center Manifolds) / B:
Proof of Theorem 2.17 (Semilinear Case) / B.2:
Proof of Theorem 3.9 (Nonautonomous Vector Fields) / B.3:
Proof of Theorem 3.13 (Equivariant Systems) / B.4:
Proof of Theorem 3.22 (Empty Unstable Spectrum) / B.5:
Proof of Theorem 2.2 (Perturbed Normal Forms) / C:
References / D:
Index
Elementary Bifurcations / 1:
Bifurcations in Dimension 1 / 1.1:
Saddle-Node Bifurcation / 1.1.1:
69.
EB
María Teresa Penella-López, Manuel Gasulla-Forner, Maria Teresa Penella, María Teresa Penella-López
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Netherlands, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
Autonomous Sensors / 1.1:
Power Sources for Autonomous Sensors / 1.2:
Challenges / 1.3:
References
Load and Power Conditioning / 2:
Load / 2.1:
Sensors and Signal Conditioning / 2.1.1:
Microcontrollers / 2.1.2:
Transceiver / 2.1.3:
LoadModel / 2.1.4:
Power Conditioning / 2.2:
Linear Regulators / 2.2.1:
Switching Regulators / 2.2.2:
Charge Pumps / 2.2.3:
Control Strategy / 2.2.4:
Conclusions / 2.3:
Ambient Energy Sources / 3:
Radiant Energy / 3.1:
Optical Energy / 3.1.1:
Radiofrequency Energy / 3.1.2:
Mechanical Energy / 3.2:
Thermal Energy / 3.3:
Magnetic Energy / 3.4:
Biochemical Energy / 3.5:
Primary Batteries and Storage Elements / 3.6:
Batteries / 4.1:
General Characteristics / 4.1.1:
Batteries and Autonomous Sensors / 4.1.2:
Primary Batteries / 4.1.3:
Secondary Batteries / 4.1.4:
Battery Characterization / 4.2:
Proposed Approach / 4.2.1:
Materials and Methods / 4.2.2:
Experimental Results / 4.2.3:
Model Validation / 4.2.4:
Supercapacitors / 4.3:
Supercapacitor Characterization / 4.4:
Hybrid Systems / 4.4.1:
Problem Statement / 4.5.1:
Theoretical Analysis / 4.5.2:
Optical Energy Harvesting / 4.5.3:
Solar Cells / 5.1:
Pv Array Simulator / 5.2:
Direct-Coupled Circuits / 5.3:
Analysis / 5.3.1:
Mppt Circuits and Methods / 5.3.2:
Dc/dc Converters Based on Pfm Techniques / 5.4.1:
Locv Method / 5.4.2:
Efficiency / 5.5.1:
Experimental Characterization / 5.5.2:
Implementation and Time Response / 5.5.3:
Assigning Parameter Values / 5.5.4:
A Novel Closed-Loop Mppt Technique / 5.6:
Theoretical Approach / 5.6.1:
Implementation / 5.6.2:
Assigning the Parameter Values / 5.6.3:
Radiofrequency Energy Harvesting / 5.6.5:
Background / 6.1:
Antenna / 6.1.1:
Impedance Matching / 6.1.2:
Filters / 6.1.3:
Rectifier / 6.1.4:
Post-rectification Energy Conditioning / 6.1.5:
Radiofrequency Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Sensors / 6.1.6:
Simulations / 6.2:
Measurement Setup / 6.3:
Results / 6.3.2:
Introduction / 1:
Autonomous Sensors / 1.1:
Power Sources for Autonomous Sensors / 1.2:
70.
EB
David Kleidermacher, Mike Kleidermacher
出版情報:
Elsevier ScienceDirect Books , Burlington : Newnes, 2012
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Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction to Embedded Systems Security / Chapter 1:
What is Security? / 1.1:
What is an Embedded System? / 1.2:
Embedded Security Trends / 1.3:
Embedded Systems Complexity / 1.3.1:
Network Connectivity / 1.3.2:
Reliance on Embedded Systems for Critical Infrastructure / 1.3.3:
Sophisticated Attackers / 1.3.4:
Processor Consolidation / 1.3.5:
Security Policies / 1.4:
Perfect Security / 1.4.1:
Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability / 1.4.2:
Isolation / 1.4.3:
Information Flow Control / 1.4.4:
Physical Security Policies / 1.4.5:
Apphcation-Specific Policies / 1.4.6:
Security Threats / 1.5:
Case Study: VxWorks Debug Port Vulnerability / 1.5.1:
Wrap-up / 1.6:
Key Points / 1.7:
Bibliography and Notes / 1.8:
Systems Software Considerations / Chapter 2:
The Role of the Operating System / 2.1:
Multiple Independent Levels of Security / 2.2:
Information Flow / 2.2.1:
Data Isolation / 2.2.2:
Damage Limitation / 2.2.3:
Periods Processing / 2.2.4:
Always Invoked / 2.2.5:
Tamper Proof / 2.2.6:
Evaluable / 2.2.7:
Microkernel versus Monolith / 2.3:
Case Study: The Duqu Virus / 2.3.1:
Core Embedded Operating System Security Requirements / 2.4:
Memory Protection / 2.4.1:
Virtual Memory / 2.4.2:
Fault Recovery / 2.4.3:
Guaranteed Resources / 2.4.4:
Virtual Device Drivers / 2.4.5:
Impact of Determinism / 2.4.6:
Secure Scheduling / 2.4.7:
Access Control and Capabilities / 2.5:
Case Study: Secure Web Browser / 2.5.1:
Granularity versus Simplicity of Access Controls / 2.5.2:
Whitelists versus Blacklists / 2.5.3:
Confused Deputy Problem / 2.5.4:
Capabilities versus Access Control Lists / 2.5.5:
Capability Confinement and Revocation / 2.5.6:
Secure Design Using Capabilities / 2.5.7:
Hypervisors and System Virtualization / 2.6:
Introduction to System Virtualization / 2.6.1:
Applications of System Virtualization / 2.6.2:
Environment Sandboxing / 2.6.3:
Virtual Security Appliances / 2.6.4:
Hypervisor Architectures / 2.6.5:
Paravirtualization / 2.6.6:
Leveraging Hardware Assists for Virtualization / 2.6.7:
Hypervisor Security / 2.6.8:
I/O Virtualization / 2.7:
The Need for Shared I/O / 2.7.1:
Emulation / 2.7.2:
Pass-through / 2.7.3:
Shared IOMMU / 2.7.4:
IOMMUs and Virtual Device Drivers / 2.7.5:
Secure I/O Virtualization within Microkernels / 2.7.6:
Remote Management / 2.8:
Security Implications / 2.8.1:
Assuring Integrity of the TCB / 2.9:
Trusted Hardware and Supply Chain / 2.9.1:
Secure Boot / 2.9.2:
Static versus Dynamic Root of Trust / 2.9.3:
Remote Attestation / 2.9.4:
Secure Embedded Software Development / 2.10:
Introduction to PHASE-Principles of High-Assurance Software Engineering / 3.1:
Minimal Implementation / 3.2:
Component Architecture / 3.3:
Runtime Componentization / 3.3.1:
A Note on Processes versus Threads / 3.3.2:
Least Privilege / 3.4:
Secure Development Process / 3.5:
Change Management / 3.5.1:
Peer Reviews / 3.5.2:
Development Tool Security / 3.5.3:
Secure Coding / 3.5.4:
Software Testing and Verification / 3.5.5:
Development Process Efficiency / 3.5.6:
Independent Expert Validation / 3.6:
Common Criteria / 3.6.1:
Case Study: Operating System Protection Profiles / 3.6.2:
Case Study: HAWS-High-Assurance Web Server / 3.7:
Model-Driven Design / 3.7.1:
Introduction to MDD / 3.8.1:
Executable Models / 3.8.2:
Modeling Languages / 3.8.3:
Types of MDD Platforms / 3.8.4:
Case Study: A Digital Pathology Scanner / 3.8.5:
Selecting an MDD Platform / 3.8.6:
Using MDD in Safety-and Security-Critical Systems / 3.8.7:
Embedded Cryptography / 3.9:
Introduction / 4.1:
U.S. Government Cryptographic Guidance / 4.2:
NSA Suite B / 4.2.1:
The One-Time Pad / 4.3:
Cryptographic Synchronization / 4.3.1:
Cryptographic Modes / 4.4:
Output Feedback / 4.4.1:
Cipher Feedback / 4.4.2:
OFB with CFB Protection / 4.4.3:
Traffic Flow Security / 4.4.4:
Counter Mode / 4.4.5:
Block Ciphers / 4.5:
Additional Cryptographic Block Cipher Modes / 4.5.1:
Authenticated Encryption / 4.6:
CCM / 4.6.1:
Galois Counter Mode / 4.6.2:
Public Key Cryptography / 4.7:
RSA / 4.7.1:
Equivalent Key Strength / 4.7.2:
Trapdoor Construction / 4.7.3:
Key Agreement / 4.8:
Man-in-the-Middle Attack on Diffie-Hellman / 4.8.1:
Public Key Authentication / 4.9:
Certificate Types / 4.9.1:
Elliptic Curve Cryptography / 4.10:
Elliptic Curve Digital Signatures / 4.10.1:
Elliptic Curve Anonymous Key Agreement / 4.10.2:
Cryptographic Hashes / 4.11:
Secure Hash Algorithm / 4.11.1:
MMO / 4.11.2:
Message Authentication Codes / 4.12:
Random Number Generation / 4.13:
True Random Number Generation / 4.13.1:
Pseudo-Random Number Generation / 4.13.2:
Key Management for Embedded Systems / 4.14:
Case Study: The Walker Spy Case / 4.14.1:
Key Management-Generalized Model / 4.14.2:
Key Management Case Studies / 4.14.3:
Cryptographic Certifications / 4.15:
FIPS 140-2 Certification / 4.15.1:
NSA Certification / 4.15.2:
Data Protection Protocols for Embedded Systems / 4.16:
Data-in-Motion Protocols / 5.1:
Generalized Model / 5.2.1:
Choosing the Network Layer for Security / 5.2.2:
Ethernet Security Protocols / 5.2.3:
BPsec versus SSL / 5.2.4:
IPsec / 5.2.5:
SSL/TLS / 5.2.6:
Embedded VPN Clients / 5.2.7:
DTLS / 5.2.8:
SSH / 5.2.9:
Custom Network Security Protocols / 5.2.10:
Application of Cryptography within Network Security Protocols / 5 2.11:
Secure Multimedia Protocols / 5.2.12:
Broadcast Security / 5.2.13:
Data-at-Rest Protocols / 5.3:
Choosing the Storage Layer for Security / 5.3.1:
Symmetric Encryption Algorithm Selection / 5.3.2:
Managing the Storage Encryption Key / 5 3 3:
Advanced Threats to Data Encryption Solutions / 5.3.4:
Emerging Applications / 5.4:
Embedded Network Transactions / 6.1:
Anatomy of a Network Transaction / 6.1.1:
State of Insecurity / 6.1.2:
Network-based Transaction Threats / 6 1 3:
Modern Attempts to Improve Network Transaction Security / 6.1.4:
Trustworthy Embedded Transaction Architecture / 6.1.5:
Automotive Security / 6.2:
Vehicular Security Threats and Mitigations / 6.2.1:
Secure Android / 6.3:
Android Security Retrospective / 6.3.1:
Android Device Rooting / 6.3.2:
Mobile Phone Data Protection: A Case Study of Defense-in-Depth / 6.3.3:
Android Sandboxing Approaches / 6.3.4:
Next-Generation Software-Defined Radio / 6.4:
Red-Black Separation / 6.4.1:
Software-Defined Radio Architecture / 6.4.2:
Enter Linux / 6.4.3:
Multi-Domain Radio / 6.4.4:
Index / 6.5:
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
71.
EB
David Kleidermacher, Mike Kleidermacher
出版情報:
Elsevier ScienceDirect Books Complete , Burlington : Newnes, 2012
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Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction to Embedded Systems Security / Chapter 1:
What is Security? / 1.1:
What is an Embedded System? / 1.2:
Embedded Security Trends / 1.3:
Embedded Systems Complexity / 1.3.1:
Network Connectivity / 1.3.2:
Reliance on Embedded Systems for Critical Infrastructure / 1.3.3:
Sophisticated Attackers / 1.3.4:
Processor Consolidation / 1.3.5:
Security Policies / 1.4:
Perfect Security / 1.4.1:
Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability / 1.4.2:
Isolation / 1.4.3:
Information Flow Control / 1.4.4:
Physical Security Policies / 1.4.5:
Apphcation-Specific Policies / 1.4.6:
Security Threats / 1.5:
Case Study: VxWorks Debug Port Vulnerability / 1.5.1:
Wrap-up / 1.6:
Key Points / 1.7:
Bibliography and Notes / 1.8:
Systems Software Considerations / Chapter 2:
The Role of the Operating System / 2.1:
Multiple Independent Levels of Security / 2.2:
Information Flow / 2.2.1:
Data Isolation / 2.2.2:
Damage Limitation / 2.2.3:
Periods Processing / 2.2.4:
Always Invoked / 2.2.5:
Tamper Proof / 2.2.6:
Evaluable / 2.2.7:
Microkernel versus Monolith / 2.3:
Case Study: The Duqu Virus / 2.3.1:
Core Embedded Operating System Security Requirements / 2.4:
Memory Protection / 2.4.1:
Virtual Memory / 2.4.2:
Fault Recovery / 2.4.3:
Guaranteed Resources / 2.4.4:
Virtual Device Drivers / 2.4.5:
Impact of Determinism / 2.4.6:
Secure Scheduling / 2.4.7:
Access Control and Capabilities / 2.5:
Case Study: Secure Web Browser / 2.5.1:
Granularity versus Simplicity of Access Controls / 2.5.2:
Whitelists versus Blacklists / 2.5.3:
Confused Deputy Problem / 2.5.4:
Capabilities versus Access Control Lists / 2.5.5:
Capability Confinement and Revocation / 2.5.6:
Secure Design Using Capabilities / 2.5.7:
Hypervisors and System Virtualization / 2.6:
Introduction to System Virtualization / 2.6.1:
Applications of System Virtualization / 2.6.2:
Environment Sandboxing / 2.6.3:
Virtual Security Appliances / 2.6.4:
Hypervisor Architectures / 2.6.5:
Paravirtualization / 2.6.6:
Leveraging Hardware Assists for Virtualization / 2.6.7:
Hypervisor Security / 2.6.8:
I/O Virtualization / 2.7:
The Need for Shared I/O / 2.7.1:
Emulation / 2.7.2:
Pass-through / 2.7.3:
Shared IOMMU / 2.7.4:
IOMMUs and Virtual Device Drivers / 2.7.5:
Secure I/O Virtualization within Microkernels / 2.7.6:
Remote Management / 2.8:
Security Implications / 2.8.1:
Assuring Integrity of the TCB / 2.9:
Trusted Hardware and Supply Chain / 2.9.1:
Secure Boot / 2.9.2:
Static versus Dynamic Root of Trust / 2.9.3:
Remote Attestation / 2.9.4:
Secure Embedded Software Development / 2.10:
Introduction to PHASE-Principles of High-Assurance Software Engineering / 3.1:
Minimal Implementation / 3.2:
Component Architecture / 3.3:
Runtime Componentization / 3.3.1:
A Note on Processes versus Threads / 3.3.2:
Least Privilege / 3.4:
Secure Development Process / 3.5:
Change Management / 3.5.1:
Peer Reviews / 3.5.2:
Development Tool Security / 3.5.3:
Secure Coding / 3.5.4:
Software Testing and Verification / 3.5.5:
Development Process Efficiency / 3.5.6:
Independent Expert Validation / 3.6:
Common Criteria / 3.6.1:
Case Study: Operating System Protection Profiles / 3.6.2:
Case Study: HAWS-High-Assurance Web Server / 3.7:
Model-Driven Design / 3.7.1:
Introduction to MDD / 3.8.1:
Executable Models / 3.8.2:
Modeling Languages / 3.8.3:
Types of MDD Platforms / 3.8.4:
Case Study: A Digital Pathology Scanner / 3.8.5:
Selecting an MDD Platform / 3.8.6:
Using MDD in Safety-and Security-Critical Systems / 3.8.7:
Embedded Cryptography / 3.9:
Introduction / 4.1:
U.S. Government Cryptographic Guidance / 4.2:
NSA Suite B / 4.2.1:
The One-Time Pad / 4.3:
Cryptographic Synchronization / 4.3.1:
Cryptographic Modes / 4.4:
Output Feedback / 4.4.1:
Cipher Feedback / 4.4.2:
OFB with CFB Protection / 4.4.3:
Traffic Flow Security / 4.4.4:
Counter Mode / 4.4.5:
Block Ciphers / 4.5:
Additional Cryptographic Block Cipher Modes / 4.5.1:
Authenticated Encryption / 4.6:
CCM / 4.6.1:
Galois Counter Mode / 4.6.2:
Public Key Cryptography / 4.7:
RSA / 4.7.1:
Equivalent Key Strength / 4.7.2:
Trapdoor Construction / 4.7.3:
Key Agreement / 4.8:
Man-in-the-Middle Attack on Diffie-Hellman / 4.8.1:
Public Key Authentication / 4.9:
Certificate Types / 4.9.1:
Elliptic Curve Cryptography / 4.10:
Elliptic Curve Digital Signatures / 4.10.1:
Elliptic Curve Anonymous Key Agreement / 4.10.2:
Cryptographic Hashes / 4.11:
Secure Hash Algorithm / 4.11.1:
MMO / 4.11.2:
Message Authentication Codes / 4.12:
Random Number Generation / 4.13:
True Random Number Generation / 4.13.1:
Pseudo-Random Number Generation / 4.13.2:
Key Management for Embedded Systems / 4.14:
Case Study: The Walker Spy Case / 4.14.1:
Key Management-Generalized Model / 4.14.2:
Key Management Case Studies / 4.14.3:
Cryptographic Certifications / 4.15:
FIPS 140-2 Certification / 4.15.1:
NSA Certification / 4.15.2:
Data Protection Protocols for Embedded Systems / 4.16:
Data-in-Motion Protocols / 5.1:
Generalized Model / 5.2.1:
Choosing the Network Layer for Security / 5.2.2:
Ethernet Security Protocols / 5.2.3:
BPsec versus SSL / 5.2.4:
IPsec / 5.2.5:
SSL/TLS / 5.2.6:
Embedded VPN Clients / 5.2.7:
DTLS / 5.2.8:
SSH / 5.2.9:
Custom Network Security Protocols / 5.2.10:
Application of Cryptography within Network Security Protocols / 5 2.11:
Secure Multimedia Protocols / 5.2.12:
Broadcast Security / 5.2.13:
Data-at-Rest Protocols / 5.3:
Choosing the Storage Layer for Security / 5.3.1:
Symmetric Encryption Algorithm Selection / 5.3.2:
Managing the Storage Encryption Key / 5 3 3:
Advanced Threats to Data Encryption Solutions / 5.3.4:
Emerging Applications / 5.4:
Embedded Network Transactions / 6.1:
Anatomy of a Network Transaction / 6.1.1:
State of Insecurity / 6.1.2:
Network-based Transaction Threats / 6 1 3:
Modern Attempts to Improve Network Transaction Security / 6.1.4:
Trustworthy Embedded Transaction Architecture / 6.1.5:
Automotive Security / 6.2:
Vehicular Security Threats and Mitigations / 6.2.1:
Secure Android / 6.3:
Android Security Retrospective / 6.3.1:
Android Device Rooting / 6.3.2:
Mobile Phone Data Protection: A Case Study of Defense-in-Depth / 6.3.3:
Android Sandboxing Approaches / 6.3.4:
Next-Generation Software-Defined Radio / 6.4:
Red-Black Separation / 6.4.1:
Software-Defined Radio Architecture / 6.4.2:
Enter Linux / 6.4.3:
Multi-Domain Radio / 6.4.4:
Index / 6.5:
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
72.
図書
Arvind Agarwal, Srinivasa Rao Bakshi, Debrupa Lahiri
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Foreword
Preface
Authors
List of Abbreviations
Introduction / 1:
Composite Materials / 1.1:
Development of Carbon Fibers / 1.2:
Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Properties / 1.3:
Carbon Nanotube-Metal Matrix Composites / 1.4:
Chapter Highlights / 1.5:
References
Processing Techniques / 2:
Powder Metallurgy Routes / 2.1:
Conventional Sintering / 2.1.1:
Hot Pressing / 2.1.2:
Spark Plasma Sintering / 2.1.3:
Deformation Processing / 2.1.4:
Melt Processing / 2.2:
Casting / 2.2.1:
Melt Infiltration / 2.2.2:
Thermal Spraying / 2.3:
Plasma Spraying / 2.3.1:
High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying / 2.3.2:
Cold Spraying / 2.3.3:
Electrochemical Routes / 2.4:
Novel Techniques / 2.5:
Molecular Level Mixing / 2.5.1:
Sputtering / 2.5.2:
Sandwich Processing / 2.5.3:
Torsion/Friction Processing / 2.5.4:
Chemical/Physical Vapor Deposition Techniques / 2.5.5:
Nanoscale Dispersion / 2.5.6:
Laser Deposition / 2.5.7:
Conclusion / 2.6:
Characterization of Metal Matrix-Carbon Nanotube Composites / 2.7:
X-Ray Diffraction / 3.1:
Raman Spectroscopy / 3.2:
Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy / 3.3:
High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy / 3.4:
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy / 3.5:
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy / 3.6:
Mechanical Properties Evaluation / 3.7:
Nanoscale Mechanical Testing / 3.7.1:
Nano-Indentation / 3.7.1.1:
Nano Dynamic Modulus Analysis / 3.7.1.2:
Modulus Mapping / 3.7.1.3:
Nanoscratch / 3.7.1.4:
Macroscale/Bulk Mechanical Testing / 3.7.2:
Tensile/Compression Test / 3.7.2.1:
Tribological Property Evaluation / 3.7.2.2:
Thermal Properties / 3.8:
Electrical Properties / 3.9:
Electrochemical Properties / 3.10:
Metal-Carbon Nanotube Systems / 3.11:
Aluminum-Carbon Nanotube System / 4.1:
Copper-Carbon Nanotube System / 4.2:
Nickel-Carbon Nanotube System / 4.3:
Magnesium-Carbon Nanotube System / 4.4:
Other Metals-Carbon Nanotube Systems / 4.5:
Mechanics of Metal-Carbon Nanotube Systems / 4.6:
Elastic Modulus of Metal Matrix-Carbon Nanotube Composites / 5.1:
Modified Rule of Mixtures / 5.1.1:
Cox Model / 5.1.2:
Halpin-Tsai Model / 5.1.3:
Hashin-Shtrikman Model / 5.1.4:
Modified Eshelby Model / 5.1.5:
Dispersion-Based Model / 5.1.6:
Strengthening Mechanisms in Metal Matrix-Carbon Nanotube Composites / 5.2:
Shear Lag Models / 5.2.1:
Strengthening by Interphase / 5.2.2:
Strengthening by Carbon Nanotube Clusters / 5.2.3:
Halpin-Tsai Equations / 5.2.4:
Strengthening by Dislocations / 5.2.5:
Strengthening by Grain Refinement / 5.2.6:
Interfacial Phenomena in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites / 5.3:
Significance of Interfacial Phenomena / 6.1:
Energetics of Carbon Nanotube-Metal Interaction / 6.2:
Carbon Nanotube-Metal Interaction in Various Systems / 6.3:
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Metal Matrix / 6.4:
Significance of Carbon Nanotube Dispersion / 7.1:
Methods of Improving Carbon Nanotube Dispersion / 7.2:
Quantification of Carbon Nanotube Dispersion / 7.3:
Electrical, Thermal, Chemical, Hydrogen Storage, and Tribological Properties / 7.4:
Corrosion Properties / 8.1:
Hydrogen Storage Property / 8.4:
Sensors and Catalytic Properties / 8.5:
Tribological Properties / 8.6:
Computational Studies in Metal Matrix-Carbon Nanotube Composites / 8.7:
Thermodynamic Prediction of Carbon Nanotube-Metal Interface / 9.1:
Microstructure Simulation / 9.2:
Mechanical and Thermal Property Prediction by the Object-Oriented Finite Element Method / 9.3:
Summary and Future Directions / 9.4:
Summary of Research on MM-CNT Composites / 10.1:
Future Directions / 10.2:
Improvement in Quality of Carbon Nanotubes / 10.2.1:
Challenges Related to Processing / 10.2.2:
Aligned MM-CNT Composites / 10.2.3:
Understanding Mechanisms of Property Improvement / 10.2.4:
Environmental and Toxicity Aspects of MM-CNT Composites / 10.2.5:
Exploring Novel Applications / 10.2.6:
Index
73.
EB
Bradley D. Fahlman
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Netherlands, 2011
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Preface
What is Materials Chemistry? / Chapter 1:
Historical Perspectives / 1.1:
Considerations in the Design of New Materials / 1.2:
Design of New Materials Through a ôCritical Thinkingö Approach / 1.3:
Solid-State Chemistry / Chapter 2:
Amorphous vs. Crystalline Solids / 2.1:
Types of Bonding in Solids / 2.2:
Ionic Solids / 2.2.1:
Metallic Solids / 2.2.2:
Covalent Network Solids / 2.2.3:
Molecular Solids / 2.2.4:
The Crystalline State / 2.3:
Crystal Growth Techniques / 2.3.1:
Crystal Structures / 2.3.2:
Crystal Symmetry and Space Groups / 2.3.3:
X-Ray Diffraction from Crystalline Solids / 2.3.4:
Crystal Imperfections / 2.3.5:
Physical Properties of Crystals / 2.3.6:
Bonding in Crystalline Solids: Introduction to Band Theory / 2.3.7:
The Amorphous State / 2.4:
Sol-Gel Processing / 2.4.1:
Glasses / 2.4.2:
Cementitious Materials / 2.4.3:
Ceramics / 2.4.4:
Metals / Chapter 3:
Mining and Processing of Metals / 3.1:
Powder Metallurgy / 3.1.1:
Metallic Structures and Properties / 3.2:
Phase Behavior of Iron-Carbon Alloys / 3.2.1:
Hardening Mechanisms of Steels / 3.2.2:
Stainless Steels / 3.2.3:
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys / 3.2.4:
Metal Surface Treatments for Corrosion Resistance / 3.3:
Magnetism / 3.4:
Reversible Hydrogen Storage / 3.5:
Semiconductors / Chapter 4:
Properties and Types of Semiconductors / 4.1:
Silicon-Based Applications / 4.2:
Silicon Wafer Production / 4.2.1:
Integrated Circuits / 4.2.2:
Light-Emitting Diodes: There is Life Outside of Silicon! / 4.3:
Thermoelectric (Te) Materials / 4.4:
Polymeric Materials / Chapter 5:
Polymer Classifications and Nomenclature / 5.1:
Polymerization Mechanisms / 5.2:
Addition Polymerization / 5.2.1:
Heterogeneous Catalysis / 5.2.2:
Homogeneous Catalysis / 5.2.3:
Step-Growth Polymerization / 5.2.4:
Dendritic Polymers / 5.2.5:
Polymerization via ôClickö Chemistry / 5.2.6:
ôSoft Materialsö Applications: Structure vs. Properties / 5.3:
Biomaterials Applications / 5.3.1:
Conductive Polymers / 5.3.2:
Molecular Magnets / 5.3.3:
Polymer Additives / 5.4:
Flame Retardants / 5.4.1:
Nanomaterials / Chapter 6:
Nanotoxicity / 6.1:
What is ôNanotechnologyö? / 6.2:
Nanoscale Building Blocks and Applications / 6.3:
Zero-Dimensional Nanomaterials / 6.3.1:
One-Dimensional Nanostructures / 6.3.2:
Two-Dimensional Nanostructures: The ôGraphene Frontierö / 6.3.3:
Materials Characterization / Chapter 7:
Optical Microscopy / 7.1:
Electron Microscopy / 7.2:
Electron Sources / 7.2.1:
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) / 7.2.2:
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) / 7.2.3:
Surface Characterization Techniques Based on Particle Bombardment / 7.3:
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) / 7.3.1:
X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) / 7.3.2:
Ion-Bombardment Techniques / 7.3.3:
Atom-Probe Tomography (APT) / 7.3.4:
Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) / 7.4:
Bulk Characterization Techniques / 7.5:
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes / Appendix A:
Background Information / C.1.1:
Procedure / C.1.2:
Supercritical Fluid Facilitated Growth of Copper and Aluminum Oxide NanopArticles / C.2:
Synthesis and Characterization of Liquid Crystals / C.2.1:
Template Synthesis and Magnetic Manipulation of Nickel Nanowires / C.3.1:
Introduction to Photolithography / C.4.1:
Synthesis of Gold Nanoclusters / C.5.1:
Synthesis of Porous Silicon / C.6.1:
Solid-Liquid-Solid (SLS) Growth of Silicon Nanowires / C.7.1:
Synthesis of Ferrofluids / C.8.1:
Metallurgy/Phase Transformations / C.10:
Heat Treatment of Glass Ceramics / C.11:
Index
Preface
What is Materials Chemistry? / Chapter 1:
Historical Perspectives / 1.1:
74.
EB
Yves Croissant, Giovanni Millo
出版情報:
Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018
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Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Companion Website
Introduction / 1:
Panel Data Econometrics: A Gentle Introduction / 1.1:
Eliminating Unobserved Components / 1.1.1:
Differencing Methods / 1.1.1.1:
LSDV Methods / 1.1.1.2:
Fixed Effects Methods / 1.1.1.3:
R for Econometric Computing / 1.2:
The Modus Operandi of R / 1.2.1:
Data Management / 1.2.2:
Outsourcing to Other Software / 1.2.2.1:
Data Management Through Formulae / 1.2.2.2:
plm for the Casual R User / 1.3:
R for the Matrix Language User / 1.3.1:
R for the User of Econometric Packages / 1.3.2:
plm for the Proficient R User / 1.4:
Reproducible Econometric Work / 1.4.1:
Object-orientation for the User / 1.4.2:
plm for the R Developer / 1.5:
Object-orientation for Development / 1.5.1:
Notations / 1.6:
General Notation / 1.6.1:
Maximum Likelihood Notations / 1.6.2:
Index / 1.6.3:
The Two-way Error Component Model / 1.6.4:
Transformation for the One-way Error Component Model / 1.6.5:
Transformation for the Two-ways Error Component Model / 1.6.6:
Groups and Nested Models / 1.6.7:
Instrumental Variables / 1.6.8:
Systems of Equations / 1.6.9:
Time Series / 1.6.10:
Limited Dependent and Count Variables / 1.6.11:
Spatial Panels / 1.6.12:
The Error Component Model / 2:
Notations and Hypotheses / 2.1:
Some Useful Transformations / 2.11:
Hypotheses Concerning the Errors / 2.1.3:
Ordinary Least Squares Estimators / 2.2:
Ordinary Least Squares on the Raw Data: The Pooling Model / 2.2.1:
The between Estimator / 2.2.2:
The within Estimator / 2.2.3:
The Generalized Least Squares Estimator / 2.3:
Presentation of the GLS Estimator / 2.3.1:
Estimation of the Variances of the Components of the Error / 2.3.2:
Comparison of the Estimators / 2.4:
Relations between the Estimators / 2.4.1:
Comparison of the Variances / 2.4.2:
Fixed vs Random Effects / 2.4.3:
Some Simple Linear Model Examples / 2.4.4:
The Two-ways Error Components Model / 2.5:
Error Components in the Two-ways Model / 2.5.1:
Fixed and Random Effects Models / 2.5.2:
Estimation of a Wage Equation / 2.6:
Advanced Error Components Models / 3:
Unbalanced Panels / 3.1:
Individual Effects Model / 3.1.1:
Two-ways Error Component Model / 3.1.2:
Fixed Effects Model / 3.1.2.1:
Random Effects Model / 3.1.2.2:
Estimation of the Components of the Error Variance / 3.1.3:
Seemingly Unrelated Regression / 3.2:
Constrained Least Squares / 3.2.1:
Inter-equations Correlation / 3.2.3:
Sur With Panel Data / 3.2.4:
The Maximum Likelihood Estimator / 3.3:
Derivation of the Likelihood Function / 3.3.1:
Computation of the Estimator / 3.3.2:
The Nested Error Components Model / 3.4:
Presentation of the Model / 3.4.1:
Estimation of the Variance of the Error Components / 3.4.2:
Tests on Error Component Models / 4:
Tests on Individual and/or Time Effects / 4.1:
F Tests / 4.1.1:
Breusch-Pagan Tests / 4.1.2:
Tests for Correlated Effects / 4.2:
The Mundlak Approach / 4.2.1:
Hausman Test / 4.2.2:
Chamberlain's Approach / 4.2.3:
Unconstrained Estimator / 4.2.3.1:
Constrained Estimator / 4.2.3.2:
Fixed Effects Models / 4.2.3.3:
Tests for Serial Correlation / 4.3:
Unobserved Effects Test / 4.3.1:
Score Test of Serial Correlation and/or Individual Effects / 4.3.2:
Likelihood Ratio Tests for AR(1) and Individual Effects / 4.3.3:
Applying Traditional Serial Correlation Tests to Panel Data / 4.3.4:
Wald Tests for Serial Correlation using within and First-differenced Estimators / 4.3.5:
Wooldridge's within-based Test / 4.3.5.1:
Wooldridge's First-difference-based Test / 4.3.5.2:
Tests for Cross-sectional Dependence / 4.4:
Pairwise Correlation Coefficients / 4.4.1:
CD-type Tests for Cross-sectional Dependence / 4.4.2:
Testing Cross-sectional Dependence in a pseries / 4.4.3:
Robust Inference and Estimation for Non-spherical Errors / 5:
Robust Inference / 5.1:
Robust Covariance Estimators / 5.1.1:
Cluster-robust Estimation in a Panel Setting / 5.1.1.1:
Double Clustering / 5.1.1.2:
Panel Newey-west and SCC / 5.1.1.3:
Generic Sandwich Estimators and Panel Models / 5.1.2:
Panel Corrected Standard Errors / 5.1.2.1:
Robust Testing of Linear Hypotheses / 5.1.3:
An Application: Robust Hausman Testing / 5.1.3.1:
Unrestricted Generalized Least Squares / 5.2:
General Feasible Generalized Least Squares / 5.2.1:
Pooled GGLS / 5.2.11:
Fixed Effects GLS / 5.2.12:
First Difference GLS / 5.2.13:
Applied Examples / 5.2.2:
Endogeneity / 6:
The Instrumental Variables Estimator / 6.1:
Generalities about the Instrumental Variables Estimator / 6.2.1:
The within Instrumental Variables Estimator / 6.2.2:
Error Components Instrumental Variables Estimator / 6.3:
The General Model / 6.3.1:
Special Cases of the General Model / 6.3.2:
The within Model / 6.3.2.1:
Error Components Two Stage Least Squares / 6.3.2.2:
The Hausman and Taylor Model / 6.3.2.3:
The Amemiya-Macurdy Estimator / 6.3.2.4:
The Breusch, Mizon and Schmidt's Estimator / 6.3.2.5:
Balestra and Varadharajan-Krishnakumar Estimator / 6.3.2.6:
Estimation of a System of Equations / 6.4:
The Three Stage Least Squares Estimator / 6.4.1:
The Error Components Three Stage Least Squares Estimator / 6.4.2:
More Empirical Examples / 6.5:
Estimation of a Dynamic Model / 7:
Dynamic Model and Endogeneity / 7.1:
The Bias of the OLS Estimator / 7.1.1:
Consistent Estimation Methods for Dynamic Models / 7.1.2:
GMM Estimation of the Differenced Model / 7.2:
Instrumental Variables and Generalized Method of Moments / 7.2.1:
One-step Estimator / 7.2.2:
Two-steps Estimator / 7.2.3:
The Proliferation of Instruments in the Generalized Method of Moments Difference Estimator / 7.2.4:
Generalized Method of Moments Estimator in Differences and Levels / 7.3:
Weak Instruments / 7.3.1:
Moment Conditions on the Levels Model / 7.3.2:
The System GMM Estimator / 7.3.3:
Inference / 7.4:
Robust Estimation of the Coefficients' Covariance / 7.4.1:
Overidentification Tests / 7.4.2:
Error Serial Correlation Test / 7.4.3:
Panel Time Series / 7.5:
Heterogeneous Coefficients / 8.1:
Fixed Coefficients / 8.2.1:
Random Coefficients / 8.2.2:
The Swamy Estimator / 8.2.2.1:
The Mean Groups Estimator / 8.2.2.2:
Testing for Poolability / 8.2.3:
Cross-sectional Dependence and Common Factors / 8.3:
The Common Factor Model / 8.3.1:
Common Correlated Effects Augmentation / 8.3.2:
CCE Mean Groups vs. CCE Pooled / 8.3.2.1:
Computing the CCEP Variance / 8.3.2.2:
Nonstationarity and Cointegration / 8.4:
Unit Root Testing: Generalities / 8.4.1:
First Generation Unit Root Testing / 8.4.2:
Preliminary Results / 8.4.2.1:
Levin-Lin-Chu Test / 8.4.2.2:
Im, Pesaran and Shin Test / 8.4.2.3:
The Maddala and Wu Test / 8.4.2.4:
Second Generation Unit Root Testing / 8.4.3:
Count Data and Limited Dependent Variables / 9:
Binomial and Ordinal Models / 9.1:
The Binomial Model / 9.1.1:
Ordered Models / 9.1.1.2:
The Random Effects Model / 9.1.2:
The Conditional Logit Model / 9.1.2.1:
Censored or Truncated Dependent Variable / 9.2:
The Ordinary Least Squares Estimator / 9.2.1:
The Symmetrical Trimmed Estimator / 9.2.3:
Truncated Sample / 9.2.3.1:
Censored Sample / 9.2.3.2:
Count Data / 9.2.4:
The Poisson Model / 9.3.1:
The NegBin Model / 9.3.1.2:
Negbin Model / 9.3.2:
Random Effects Models / 9.3.3:
Spatial Correlation / 9.3.3.1:
Visual Assessment / 10.1.1:
Testing for Spatial Dependence / 10.1.2:
CD P Tests for Local Cross-sectional Dependence / 10.1.2.1:
The Randomized W Test / 10.1.2.2:
Spatial Lags / 10.2:
Spatially Lagged Regressors / 10.2.1:
Spatially Lagged Dependent Variables / 10.2.2:
Spatial OLS / 10.2.2.1:
ML Estimation of the SAR Model / 10.2.2.2:
Spatially Correlated Errors / 10.2.3:
Individual Heterogeneity in Spatial Panels / 10.3:
Random versus Fixed Effects / 10.3.1:
Spatial Panel Models with Error Components / 10.3.2:
Spatial Panels with Independent Random Effects / 10.3.2.1:
Spatially Correlated Random Effects / 10.3.2.2:
Estimation / 10.3.3:
Spatial Models with a General Error Covariance / 10.3.3.1:
General Maximum Likelihood Framework / 10.3.3.2:
Generalized Moments Estimation / 10.3.3.3:
Testing / 10.3.4:
LM Tests for Random Effects and Spatial Errors / 10.3.4.1:
Testing for Spatial Lag vs Error / 10.3.4.2:
Serial and Spatial Correlation / 10.4:
Maximum Likelihood Estimation / 10.4.1:
Serial and Spatial Correlation in the Random Effects Model / 10.4.1.1:
Serial and Spatial Correlation with KKP-Type Effects / 10.4.1.2:
Tests for Random Effects, Spatial, and Serial Error Correlation / 10.4.2:
Spatial Lag vs Error in the Serially Correlated Model / 10.4.2.2:
Bibliography
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Companion Website
75.
EB
Liyang Yu
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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A Web of Data: Toward the Idea of the Semantic Web / 1:
A Motivating Example: Data Integration on the Web / 1.1:
A Smart Data Integration Agent / 1.1.1:
Is Smart Data Integration Agent Possible? / 1.1.2:
The Idea of the Semantic Web / 1.1.3:
A More General Goal: A Web Understandable to Machines / 1.2:
How Do We Use the Web? / 1.2.1:
What Stops Us from Doing More? / 1.2.2:
Again, the Idea of the Semantic Web / 1.2.3:
The Semantic Web: A First Look / 1.3:
The Concept of the Semantic Web / 1.3.1:
The Semantic Web, Linked Data, and the Web of Data / 1.3.2:
Some Basic Things About the Semantic Web / 1.3.3:
Reference
The Building Block for the Semantic Web: RDF / 2:
RDF Overview / 2.1:
RDF in Official Language / 2.1.1:
RDF in Plain English / 2.1.2:
The Abstract Model of RDF / 2.2:
The Big Picture / 2.2.1:
Statement / 2.2.2:
Resource and Its Uri Name / 2.2.3:
Predicate and Its Uri Name / 2.2.4:
RDF Triples: Knowledge That Machine Can Use / 2.2.5:
RDF Literals and Blank Node / 2.2.6:
A Summary So Far / 2.2.7:
RDF Serialization: RDF/XML Syntax / 2.3:
The Big Picture: RDF Vocabulary / 2.3.1:
Basic Syntax and Examples / 2.3.2:
Other RDF Capabilities and Examples / 2.3.3:
Other RDF Sterilization Formats / 2.4:
Notation-3,Turtle, and N-Triples / 2.4.1:
Turtle Language / 2.4.2:
Fundamental Rules of RDF / 2.5:
Information Understandable by Machine / 2.5.1:
Distributed Information Aggregation / 2.5.2:
A Hypothetical Real-World Example / 2.5.3:
More About RDF / 2.6:
Dublin Core: Example of Pre-defined RDF Vocabulary / 2.6.1:
XML vs RDF? / 2.6.2:
Use an RDF Validator / 2.6.3:
Summary / 2.7:
Other RDF-Related Technologies: Microformats, RDFa, and Grddl / 3:
Introduction: Why Do We Need These? / 3.1:
Microformats / 3.2:
Microformats: The Big Picture / 3.2.1:
Microformats: Syntax and Examples / 3.2.2:
Microformats and RDF / 3.2.3:
RDFa / 3.3:
RDFa: The Big Picture / 3.3.1:
RDFa Attributes and RDFa Elements / 3.3.2:
RDFa: Rules and Examples / 3.3.3:
RDFa and RDF / 3.3.4:
Grddl / 3.4:
Grdll: The Big Picture / 3.4.1:
Using Grdll with Microformats / 3.4.2:
Using Grdll with RDFa / 3.4.3:
RDFs and Ontology / 3.5:
RDdfs Overview / 4.1:
RDFs in Plain English / 4.1.1:
RDFs in Official Language / 4.1.2:
RDFs + RDF: One More Step Toward Machine Readable / 4.2:
A Common Language to Share / 4.2.1:
Machine Inferencing Based on RDFs / 4.2.2:
RDFs Core Elements / 4.3:
The Big Picture: RDFs Vocabulary / 4.3.1:
Summary So Far / 4.3.2:
The Concept of Ontology / 4.4:
What Is Ontology? / 4.4.1:
The Benefits of Ontology / 4.4.2:
Building the Bridge to Ontology: Skos / 4.5:
Knowledge Organization Systems (Kos) / 4.5.1:
Thesauri vs. Ontologies / 4.5.2:
Filling the Gap: Skos / 4.5.3:
Another Look at Inferencing Based on RDF Schema / 4.6:
RDFs Ontology-Based Reasoning: Simple, Yet Powerful / 4.6.1:
Good, Better, and Best: More Is Needed / 4.6.2:
Owl: Web Ontology Language / 4.7:
OWL Overview / 5.1:
OWL in Plain English / 5.1.1:
OWL in Official Language: Owl 1 and Owl 2 / 5.1.2:
From Owl 1 to Owl 2 / 5.1.3:
Owl 1 and Owl 2: The Big Picture / 5.2:
Basic Notions: Axiom, Entity, Expression, and Idi Names / 5.2.1:
Basic Syntax Forms: Functional Style, RDF/XML Syntax, Manchester Syntax, and XML Syntax / 5.2.2:
Owl 1 Web Ontology Language / 5.3:
Defining Classes: The Basics / 5.3.1:
Defining Glasses: Localizing Global Properties / 5.3.2:
Defining Classes: Using Set Operators / 5.3.3:
Defining Classes: Using Enumeration Equivalent, and Disjoint / 5.3.4:
Our Camera Ontology So Far / 5.3.5:
Define Properties: The Basics / 5.3.6:
Defining Properties: Property Characteristics / 5.3.7:
Camera Ontology Written Using Owl 1 / 5.3.8:
Owl 2 Web Ontology Language / 5.4:
What Is New in Owl 2? / 5.4.1:
New Constructs for Common Patterns / 5.4.2:
Improved Expressiveness for Properties / 5.4.3:
Extended Support for Datatypes / 5.4.4:
Punning and Annotations / 5.4.5:
Other Owl 2 Features / 5.4.6:
Owl Constructs in Instance Documents / 5.4.7:
Owl 2 Profiles / 5.4.8:
Our Camera Ontology in Owl 2 / 5.4.9:
Sparql: Querying the Semantic Web / 5.5:
Sparql Overvie / 6.1:
Sparql in Official Language / 6.1.1:
Sparql in Plain English / 6.1.2:
Other Related Concepts: RDF Data Store, RDF Database, and Triple Store / 6.1.3:
Set up Joseki Sparql Endpoint / 6.2:
Sparql Query Language / 6.3:
Select Query / 6.3.1:
Construct Query / 6.3.3:
Describe Query / 6.3.4:
Ask Query / 6.3.5:
What Is Missing from Sparql? / 6.4:
SPARQL 1.1 / 6.5:
Introduction: What Is New? / 6.5.1:
Sparql 1.1 Query / 6.5.2:
Sparql 1.1 Update / 6.5.3:
Foff: Friend of a Friend / 6.6:
What Is Foaf and What It Does / 7.3:
Foaf in Plain English / 7.1.1:
Foaf in Official Language / 7.1.2:
Core Foaf Vocabulary and Examples / 7.2:
The Big Picture: Foaf Vocabulary / 7.2.1:
Core Terms and Examples / 7.2.2:
Create Your Foaf Document and Get into the Friend Circle
How Does the Circle Work? / 7.3.1:
Create Your Foaf Document / 7.3.2:
Get into the Circle: Publish Your Foaf Document / 7.3.3:
From Web Pages for Human Eyes to Web Pages for Machines / 7.3.4:
Semantic Markup: a Connection Between the Two Worlds / 7.4:
What Is Semantic Markup / 7.4.1:
Semantic Markup: Procedure and Example / 7.4.2:
Semantic Markup: Feasibility and Different Approaches / 7.4.3:
Semantic Markup at Work: Rich Snippets and SearchMonkey / 7.5:
Introduction / 8.1:
Prerequisite: How Does a Search Engine Work? / 8.1.1:
Rich Snippets and SearchMonkey / 8.1.2:
Rich Snippets by Google / 8.2:
What Is Rich Snippets: An Example / 8.2.1:
How Does It Work: Semantic Markup Using Microformats RDFa / 8.2.2:
Test It Out Yourself / 8.2.3:
SearchMonkey from Yahoo! / 8.3:
What Is SearchMonkey: An Example / 8.3.1:
How Does It Work: Semantic Markup Using Microformats/RDFa / 8.3.2:
Semantic Wiki / 8.3.3:
Introduction: From Wiki to Semantic Wiki / 9.1:
What Is a Wiki? / 9.1.1:
From Wiki to Semantic Wiki / 9.1.2:
Adding Semantics to Wiki Site / 9.2:
Namespace and Category System / 9.2.1:
Semantic Annotation in Semantic MediaWiki / 9.2.2:
Using the Added Semantics / 9.3:
Browsing / 9.3.1:
Wiki Site Semantic Search / 9.3.2:
Inferencing / 9.3.3:
Where Is the Semantics? / 9.4:
Swivt: an Upper Ontology for Semantic Wiki / 9.4.1:
Understanding Owl/RDF Exports / 9.4.2:
Importing Ontology: a Bridge to Outside World / 9.4.3:
The Power of the Semantic Web / 9.5:
Use Semantic MediaWiki to Build Your Own Semantic Wiki / 9.6:
DBpedia / 9.7:
Introduction to DBpedia / 10.1:
From Manual Markup to Automatic Generation of Annotation / 10.1.1:
From Wikipedia to DBpedia / 10.1.2:
The Look and Feel of DBpedia: Page Redirect / 10.1.3:
Semantics in DBpedia / 10.2:
Infobox Template / 10.2.1:
Creating DBpedia Ontology / 10.2.2:
Infobox Extraction Methods / 10.2.3:
Accessing DBpedia Dataset / 10.3:
Using Sparql to Query DBpedia / 10.3.1:
Direct Download of DBpedia Datasets / 10.3.2:
Access DBpedia as Linked Data / 10.3.3:
Linked Open Data / 10.4:
The Concept of Linked Data and Its Basic Rules / 11.1:
The Concept of Linked Data / 11.1.1:
How Big Is the Web of Linked Data and the Lod Project / 11.1.2:
The Basic Rules of Linked Data / 11.1.3:
Publishing RDF Data on the Web / 11.2:
Identifying Things with Uris / 11.2.1:
Choosing Vocabularies for RDF Data / 11.2.2:
Creating Links to Other RDF Data / 11.2.3:
Serving Information as Linked Data / 11.2.4:
The Consumption of Linked Data / 11.3:
Discover Specific Target on the Linked Data Web / 11.3.1:
Accessing the Web of Linked Data / 11.3.2:
Linked Data Application / 11.4:
Linked Data Application Example: Revyu / 11.4.1:
Web 2.0 Mashups vs. Linked Data Mashups / 11.4.2:
Building the Foundation for Development on the Semantic Web / 11.5:
Development Tools for the Semantic Web / 12.1:
Frameworks for the Semantic Web Applications / 12.1.1:
Reasoners for the Semantic Web Applications / 12.1.2:
Ontology Engineering Environments / 12.1.3:
Other Tools: Search Engines for the Semantic Web / 12.1.4:
Where to Find More? / 12.1.5:
Semantic Web Application Development Methodology / 12.2:
From Domain Models to Ontology-Driven Architecture / 12.2.1:
An Ontology Development Methodology Proposed by Noy and McGuinness / 12.2.2:
Jena: A Framework for Development on the Semantic Web / 12.3:
Jena: A Semantic Web Framework for Java / 13.1:
What Is Jena and What It Can Do for Us? / 13.1.1:
Getting Jena Package / 13.1.2:
Using Jena in Your Projects / 13.1.3:
Basic RDF Model Operations / 13.2:
Creating an RDF Model / 13.2.1:
Reading an RDF Model / 13.2.2:
Understanding an RDF Model / 13.2.3:
Handling Persistent RDF Models / 13.3:
From In-memory Model to Persistent Model / 13.3.1:
Setting Up MySql / 13.3.2:
Database-Backed RDF Models / 13.3.3:
Inferencing Using Jena / 13.4:
Jena Inferencing Model / 13.4.1:
Jena Inferencing Examples / 13.4.2:
Follow Your Nose: A Basic Semantic Web Agent / 13.5:
The Principle of Follow-Your-Nose Method / 14.1:
What Is Follow-Your-Nose Method? / 14.1.1:
Uri Declarations, Open Linked Data and Follow-Your-Nose Method / 14.1.2:
A Follow-Your-Nose Agent in Java / 14.2:
Building the Agent / 14.2.1:
Running the Agent / 14.2.2:
More Clues for Follow Your Nose / 14.2.3:
Can You Follow Your Nose on Traditional Web? / 14.2.4:
A Better Implementation of Follow-Your-Nose Agent: Using Sparql Queries / 14.3:
In-memory SPARQL Operation / 14.3.1:
Using SPARQL Endpoints Remotely / 14.3.2:
More Application Examples on the Semantic Web / 14.4:
Building Your Circle of Trust: A FOAF Agent You Can Use / 15.1:
Who Is on Your E-mail List? / 15.1.1:
The Basic Idea / 15.1.2:
Building the EmailAddressCollector Agent / 15.1.3:
Can You Do the Same for Traditional Web? / 15.1.4:
A ShopBot on the Semantic Web / 15.2:
A ShopBot We Can Have / 15.2.1:
A ShopBot We Really Want / 15.2.2:
Building Our ShopBot / 15.2.3:
Discussion: From Prototype to Reality / 15.2.4:
Index / 15.3:
A Web of Data: Toward the Idea of the Semantic Web / 1:
A Motivating Example: Data Integration on the Web / 1.1:
A Smart Data Integration Agent / 1.1.1:
76.
EB
Liyang Yu
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
子書誌情報:
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A Web of Data: Toward the Idea of the Semantic Web / 1:
A Motivating Example: Data Integration on the Web / 1.1:
A Smart Data Integration Agent / 1.1.1:
Is Smart Data Integration Agent Possible? / 1.1.2:
The Idea of the Semantic Web / 1.1.3:
A More General Goal: A Web Understandable to Machines / 1.2:
How Do We Use the Web? / 1.2.1:
What Stops Us from Doing More? / 1.2.2:
Again, the Idea of the Semantic Web / 1.2.3:
The Semantic Web: A First Look / 1.3:
The Concept of the Semantic Web / 1.3.1:
The Semantic Web, Linked Data, and the Web of Data / 1.3.2:
Some Basic Things About the Semantic Web / 1.3.3:
Reference
The Building Block for the Semantic Web: RDF / 2:
RDF Overview / 2.1:
RDF in Official Language / 2.1.1:
RDF in Plain English / 2.1.2:
The Abstract Model of RDF / 2.2:
The Big Picture / 2.2.1:
Statement / 2.2.2:
Resource and Its Uri Name / 2.2.3:
Predicate and Its Uri Name / 2.2.4:
RDF Triples: Knowledge That Machine Can Use / 2.2.5:
RDF Literals and Blank Node / 2.2.6:
A Summary So Far / 2.2.7:
RDF Serialization: RDF/XML Syntax / 2.3:
The Big Picture: RDF Vocabulary / 2.3.1:
Basic Syntax and Examples / 2.3.2:
Other RDF Capabilities and Examples / 2.3.3:
Other RDF Sterilization Formats / 2.4:
Notation-3,Turtle, and N-Triples / 2.4.1:
Turtle Language / 2.4.2:
Fundamental Rules of RDF / 2.5:
Information Understandable by Machine / 2.5.1:
Distributed Information Aggregation / 2.5.2:
A Hypothetical Real-World Example / 2.5.3:
More About RDF / 2.6:
Dublin Core: Example of Pre-defined RDF Vocabulary / 2.6.1:
XML vs RDF? / 2.6.2:
Use an RDF Validator / 2.6.3:
Summary / 2.7:
Other RDF-Related Technologies: Microformats, RDFa, and Grddl / 3:
Introduction: Why Do We Need These? / 3.1:
Microformats / 3.2:
Microformats: The Big Picture / 3.2.1:
Microformats: Syntax and Examples / 3.2.2:
Microformats and RDF / 3.2.3:
RDFa / 3.3:
RDFa: The Big Picture / 3.3.1:
RDFa Attributes and RDFa Elements / 3.3.2:
RDFa: Rules and Examples / 3.3.3:
RDFa and RDF / 3.3.4:
Grddl / 3.4:
Grdll: The Big Picture / 3.4.1:
Using Grdll with Microformats / 3.4.2:
Using Grdll with RDFa / 3.4.3:
RDFs and Ontology / 3.5:
RDdfs Overview / 4.1:
RDFs in Plain English / 4.1.1:
RDFs in Official Language / 4.1.2:
RDFs + RDF: One More Step Toward Machine Readable / 4.2:
A Common Language to Share / 4.2.1:
Machine Inferencing Based on RDFs / 4.2.2:
RDFs Core Elements / 4.3:
The Big Picture: RDFs Vocabulary / 4.3.1:
Summary So Far / 4.3.2:
The Concept of Ontology / 4.4:
What Is Ontology? / 4.4.1:
The Benefits of Ontology / 4.4.2:
Building the Bridge to Ontology: Skos / 4.5:
Knowledge Organization Systems (Kos) / 4.5.1:
Thesauri vs. Ontologies / 4.5.2:
Filling the Gap: Skos / 4.5.3:
Another Look at Inferencing Based on RDF Schema / 4.6:
RDFs Ontology-Based Reasoning: Simple, Yet Powerful / 4.6.1:
Good, Better, and Best: More Is Needed / 4.6.2:
Owl: Web Ontology Language / 4.7:
OWL Overview / 5.1:
OWL in Plain English / 5.1.1:
OWL in Official Language: Owl 1 and Owl 2 / 5.1.2:
From Owl 1 to Owl 2 / 5.1.3:
Owl 1 and Owl 2: The Big Picture / 5.2:
Basic Notions: Axiom, Entity, Expression, and Idi Names / 5.2.1:
Basic Syntax Forms: Functional Style, RDF/XML Syntax, Manchester Syntax, and XML Syntax / 5.2.2:
Owl 1 Web Ontology Language / 5.3:
Defining Classes: The Basics / 5.3.1:
Defining Glasses: Localizing Global Properties / 5.3.2:
Defining Classes: Using Set Operators / 5.3.3:
Defining Classes: Using Enumeration Equivalent, and Disjoint / 5.3.4:
Our Camera Ontology So Far / 5.3.5:
Define Properties: The Basics / 5.3.6:
Defining Properties: Property Characteristics / 5.3.7:
Camera Ontology Written Using Owl 1 / 5.3.8:
Owl 2 Web Ontology Language / 5.4:
What Is New in Owl 2? / 5.4.1:
New Constructs for Common Patterns / 5.4.2:
Improved Expressiveness for Properties / 5.4.3:
Extended Support for Datatypes / 5.4.4:
Punning and Annotations / 5.4.5:
Other Owl 2 Features / 5.4.6:
Owl Constructs in Instance Documents / 5.4.7:
Owl 2 Profiles / 5.4.8:
Our Camera Ontology in Owl 2 / 5.4.9:
Sparql: Querying the Semantic Web / 5.5:
Sparql Overvie / 6.1:
Sparql in Official Language / 6.1.1:
Sparql in Plain English / 6.1.2:
Other Related Concepts: RDF Data Store, RDF Database, and Triple Store / 6.1.3:
Set up Joseki Sparql Endpoint / 6.2:
Sparql Query Language / 6.3:
Select Query / 6.3.1:
Construct Query / 6.3.3:
Describe Query / 6.3.4:
Ask Query / 6.3.5:
What Is Missing from Sparql? / 6.4:
SPARQL 1.1 / 6.5:
Introduction: What Is New? / 6.5.1:
Sparql 1.1 Query / 6.5.2:
Sparql 1.1 Update / 6.5.3:
Foff: Friend of a Friend / 6.6:
What Is Foaf and What It Does / 7.3:
Foaf in Plain English / 7.1.1:
Foaf in Official Language / 7.1.2:
Core Foaf Vocabulary and Examples / 7.2:
The Big Picture: Foaf Vocabulary / 7.2.1:
Core Terms and Examples / 7.2.2:
Create Your Foaf Document and Get into the Friend Circle
How Does the Circle Work? / 7.3.1:
Create Your Foaf Document / 7.3.2:
Get into the Circle: Publish Your Foaf Document / 7.3.3:
From Web Pages for Human Eyes to Web Pages for Machines / 7.3.4:
Semantic Markup: a Connection Between the Two Worlds / 7.4:
What Is Semantic Markup / 7.4.1:
Semantic Markup: Procedure and Example / 7.4.2:
Semantic Markup: Feasibility and Different Approaches / 7.4.3:
Semantic Markup at Work: Rich Snippets and SearchMonkey / 7.5:
Introduction / 8.1:
Prerequisite: How Does a Search Engine Work? / 8.1.1:
Rich Snippets and SearchMonkey / 8.1.2:
Rich Snippets by Google / 8.2:
What Is Rich Snippets: An Example / 8.2.1:
How Does It Work: Semantic Markup Using Microformats RDFa / 8.2.2:
Test It Out Yourself / 8.2.3:
SearchMonkey from Yahoo! / 8.3:
What Is SearchMonkey: An Example / 8.3.1:
How Does It Work: Semantic Markup Using Microformats/RDFa / 8.3.2:
Semantic Wiki / 8.3.3:
Introduction: From Wiki to Semantic Wiki / 9.1:
What Is a Wiki? / 9.1.1:
From Wiki to Semantic Wiki / 9.1.2:
Adding Semantics to Wiki Site / 9.2:
Namespace and Category System / 9.2.1:
Semantic Annotation in Semantic MediaWiki / 9.2.2:
Using the Added Semantics / 9.3:
Browsing / 9.3.1:
Wiki Site Semantic Search / 9.3.2:
Inferencing / 9.3.3:
Where Is the Semantics? / 9.4:
Swivt: an Upper Ontology for Semantic Wiki / 9.4.1:
Understanding Owl/RDF Exports / 9.4.2:
Importing Ontology: a Bridge to Outside World / 9.4.3:
The Power of the Semantic Web / 9.5:
Use Semantic MediaWiki to Build Your Own Semantic Wiki / 9.6:
DBpedia / 9.7:
Introduction to DBpedia / 10.1:
From Manual Markup to Automatic Generation of Annotation / 10.1.1:
From Wikipedia to DBpedia / 10.1.2:
The Look and Feel of DBpedia: Page Redirect / 10.1.3:
Semantics in DBpedia / 10.2:
Infobox Template / 10.2.1:
Creating DBpedia Ontology / 10.2.2:
Infobox Extraction Methods / 10.2.3:
Accessing DBpedia Dataset / 10.3:
Using Sparql to Query DBpedia / 10.3.1:
Direct Download of DBpedia Datasets / 10.3.2:
Access DBpedia as Linked Data / 10.3.3:
Linked Open Data / 10.4:
The Concept of Linked Data and Its Basic Rules / 11.1:
The Concept of Linked Data / 11.1.1:
How Big Is the Web of Linked Data and the Lod Project / 11.1.2:
The Basic Rules of Linked Data / 11.1.3:
Publishing RDF Data on the Web / 11.2:
Identifying Things with Uris / 11.2.1:
Choosing Vocabularies for RDF Data / 11.2.2:
Creating Links to Other RDF Data / 11.2.3:
Serving Information as Linked Data / 11.2.4:
The Consumption of Linked Data / 11.3:
Discover Specific Target on the Linked Data Web / 11.3.1:
Accessing the Web of Linked Data / 11.3.2:
Linked Data Application / 11.4:
Linked Data Application Example: Revyu / 11.4.1:
Web 2.0 Mashups vs. Linked Data Mashups / 11.4.2:
Building the Foundation for Development on the Semantic Web / 11.5:
Development Tools for the Semantic Web / 12.1:
Frameworks for the Semantic Web Applications / 12.1.1:
Reasoners for the Semantic Web Applications / 12.1.2:
Ontology Engineering Environments / 12.1.3:
Other Tools: Search Engines for the Semantic Web / 12.1.4:
Where to Find More? / 12.1.5:
Semantic Web Application Development Methodology / 12.2:
From Domain Models to Ontology-Driven Architecture / 12.2.1:
An Ontology Development Methodology Proposed by Noy and McGuinness / 12.2.2:
Jena: A Framework for Development on the Semantic Web / 12.3:
Jena: A Semantic Web Framework for Java / 13.1:
What Is Jena and What It Can Do for Us? / 13.1.1:
Getting Jena Package / 13.1.2:
Using Jena in Your Projects / 13.1.3:
Basic RDF Model Operations / 13.2:
Creating an RDF Model / 13.2.1:
Reading an RDF Model / 13.2.2:
Understanding an RDF Model / 13.2.3:
Handling Persistent RDF Models / 13.3:
From In-memory Model to Persistent Model / 13.3.1:
Setting Up MySql / 13.3.2:
Database-Backed RDF Models / 13.3.3:
Inferencing Using Jena / 13.4:
Jena Inferencing Model / 13.4.1:
Jena Inferencing Examples / 13.4.2:
Follow Your Nose: A Basic Semantic Web Agent / 13.5:
The Principle of Follow-Your-Nose Method / 14.1:
What Is Follow-Your-Nose Method? / 14.1.1:
Uri Declarations, Open Linked Data and Follow-Your-Nose Method / 14.1.2:
A Follow-Your-Nose Agent in Java / 14.2:
Building the Agent / 14.2.1:
Running the Agent / 14.2.2:
More Clues for Follow Your Nose / 14.2.3:
Can You Follow Your Nose on Traditional Web? / 14.2.4:
A Better Implementation of Follow-Your-Nose Agent: Using Sparql Queries / 14.3:
In-memory SPARQL Operation / 14.3.1:
Using SPARQL Endpoints Remotely / 14.3.2:
More Application Examples on the Semantic Web / 14.4:
Building Your Circle of Trust: A FOAF Agent You Can Use / 15.1:
Who Is on Your E-mail List? / 15.1.1:
The Basic Idea / 15.1.2:
Building the EmailAddressCollector Agent / 15.1.3:
Can You Do the Same for Traditional Web? / 15.1.4:
A ShopBot on the Semantic Web / 15.2:
A ShopBot We Can Have / 15.2.1:
A ShopBot We Really Want / 15.2.2:
Building Our ShopBot / 15.2.3:
Discussion: From Prototype to Reality / 15.2.4:
Index / 15.3:
A Web of Data: Toward the Idea of the Semantic Web / 1:
A Motivating Example: Data Integration on the Web / 1.1:
A Smart Data Integration Agent / 1.1.1:
77.
図書
Paul Darbyshire and David Hampton
出版情報:
Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley, 2011 xv, 261 p. ; 24 cm
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Preface
The Hedge Fund Industry / 1:
What Are Hedge Funds? / 1.1:
The Structure of a Hedge Fund / 1.2:
Fund Administrators / 1.2.1:
Prime Brokers / 1.2.2:
Custodian, Auditors and Legal / 1.2.3:
The Global Hedge Fund Industry / 1.3:
North America / 1.3.1:
Europe / 1.3.2:
Asia / 1.3.3:
Specialist Investment Techniques / 1.4:
Short Selling / 1.4.1:
Leverage / 1.4.2:
Liquidity / 1.4.3:
New Developments for Hedge Funds / 1.5:
UCITS III Hedge Funds / 1.5.1:
The European Passport / 1.5.2:
Restrictions on Short Selling / 1.5.3:
Major Hedge Fund Strategies / 2:
Single and Multi Strategy Hedge Funds / 2.1:
Fund of Hedge Funds / 2.2:
Hedge Fund Strategies / 2.3:
Tactical Strategies / 2.3.1:
Global Macro / 2.3.1.1:
Managed Futures / 2.3.1.2:
Long/Short Equity / 2.3.1.3:
Pairs Trading / 2.3.1.4:
Event-Driven / 2.3.2:
Distressed Securities / 2.3.2.1:
Merger Arbitrage / 2.3.2.2:
Relative Value / 2.3.3:
Equity Market Neutral / 2.3.3.1:
Convertible Arbitrage / 2.3.3.2:
Fixed Income Arbitrage / 2.3.3.3:
Capital Structure Arbitrage / 2.3.3.3.1:
Swap-Spread Arbitrage / 2.3.3.3.2:
Yield CurveArbitrage / 2.3.3.3.3:
Hedge Fund Data Sources / 3:
Hedge Fund Databases / 3.1:
Major Hedge Fund Indices / 3.2:
Non investable and Investable Indices / 3.2.1:
Dow Jones Credit Suisse Hedge Fund Indexes / 3.2.2:
Liquid Alternative Betas / 3.2.2.1:
Hedge Fund Research / 3.2.3:
Hedge Fund net / 3.2.4:
FTSE Hedge / 3.2.5:
FTSE Hedge Momentum Index / 3.2.5.1:
Greenwich Alternative Investments / 3.2.6:
GAI Investable Indices / 3.2.6.1:
Morningstar Alternative Investment Center / 3.2.7:
MSCI Hedge Fund Classification Standard / 3.2.7.1:
MSCI Investable Indices / 3.2.7.2:
EDHEC Risk and Asset Management Research Centre (www.edhec-risk.com) / 3.2.8:
Database and Index Biases / 3.3:
Survivorship Bias / 3.3.1:
Instant History Bias / 3.3.2:
Benchmarking / 3.4:
Tracking Error / 3.4.1:
Weighting Schemes / Appendix A:
Statistical Analysis / 4:
Basic Performance Plots / 4.1:
Value Added Monthly Index / 4.1.1:
Histograms / 4.1.2:
Probability Distributions / 4.2:
Populations and Samples / 4.2.1:
Probability Density Function / 4.3:
Cumulative Distribution Function / 4.4:
The Normal Distribution / 4.5:
Standard Normal Distribution / 4.5.1:
Visual Tests for Normality / 4.6:
Inspection / 4.6.1:
Normal Q-Q Plot / 4.6.2:
Moments of a Distribution / 4.7:
Mean and Standard Deviation / 4.7.1:
Skewness / 4.7.2:
Excess Kurtosis / 4.7.3:
Data Analysis Tool: Descriptive Statistics / 4.7.4:
Geometric Brownian Motion / 4.8:
Uniform Random Numbers / 4.8.1:
Covariance and Correlation / 4.9:
Regression Analysis / 4.10:
Ordinary Least Squares / 4.10.1:
Coefficient of Determination / 4.10.1.1:
Residual Plots / 4.10.1.2:
Jarque-Bera Normality Test / 4.10.1.3:
Data Analysis Tool: Regression / 4.10.1.4:
Portfolio Theory / 4.11:
Mean Variance Analysis / 4.11.1:
Solver: Portfolio Optimisation / 4.11.2:
Efficient Portfolios / 4.11.3:
Risk-Adjusted Return Metrics / 5:
The Intuition behind Risk Adjusted Returns / 5.1:
Risk Adjusted Returns / 5.1.1:
Common Risk Adjusted Performance Ratios / 5.2:
The Sharpe Ratio / 5.2.1:
The Modified Sharpe Ratio / 5.2.2:
The Sortino Ratio / 5.2.3:
The Drawdown Ratio / 5.2.4:
Common Performance Measures in the Presence of a Market Benchmark / 5.3:
The Information Ratio / 5.3.1:
The M Squared Metric / 5.3.2:
The Treynor Ratio / 5.3.3:
Jensen's Alpha / 5.3.4:
The Omega Ratio / 5.4:
Asset Pricing Models / 6:
The Risk Adjusted Two Moment Capital Asset Pricing Model / 6.1:
Interpreting H / 6.1.1:
Static Alpha Analysis / 6.1.2:
Dynamic Rolling Alpha Analysis / 6.1.3:
Multi factor Models / 6.2:
The Choice of Factors / 6.3:
A Multi Factor Framework for a Risk Adjusted Hedge Fund Alpha League Table / 6.3.1:
Alpha and Beta Separation / 6.3.2:
Dynamic Style Based Return Analysis / 6.4:
The Markowitz Risk Adjusted Evaluation Method / 6.5:
Hedge Fund Market Risk Management / 7:
Value at Risk / 7.1:
Traditional Measures / 7.2:
Historical Simulation / 7.2.1:
Parametric Method / 7.2.2:
Monte Carlo Simulation / 7.2.3:
Modified Var / 7.3:
Expected Shortfall / 7.4:
Extreme Value Theory / 7.5:
Block Maxima / 7.5.1:
Peaks over Threshold / 7.5.2:
References
Important Legal Information
Index
Preface
The Hedge Fund Industry / 1:
What Are Hedge Funds? / 1.1:
78.
図書
Nobuyasu Kanekawa ... [et al.]
出版情報:
New York : Springer, c2011 xxv, 204 p. ; 25 cm
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Introduction / 1:
Trends in Failure Cause and Countermeasure / 1.1:
Contents and Organization of This Book / 1.2:
For the Best Result / 1.3:
References
Terrestrial Neutron-Induced Failures in Semiconductor Devices and Relevant Systems and Their Mitigation Techniques / 2:
SER in Memory Devices / 2.1:
MCU in Memory Devices / 2.1.2:
SET and MNU in Logic Devices / 2.1.3:
Chip/System-Level SER Problem: SER Estimation and Mitigation / 2.1.4:
Scope of This Chapter / 2.1.5:
Basic Knowledge on Terrestrial Neutron-Induced Soft-Error in MOSFET Devices / 2.2:
Cosmic Rays from the Outer Space / 2.2.1:
Nuclear Spallation Reaction and Charge Collection in CMOSFET Device / 2.2.2:
Experimental Techniques to Quantify Soft-Error Rate (SER) and Their Standardization / 2.3:
The System to Quantify SER - SECIS / 2.3.1:
Basic Method in JESD89A / 2.3.2:
SEE Classification Techniques in Time Domain / 2.3.3:
MCU Classification Techniques in Topological Space Domain / 2.3.4:
Evolution of Multi-node Upset Problem / 2.4:
MCU Characterization by Accelerator-Based Experiments / 2.4.1:
Multi-coupled Bipolar Interaction (MCBI) / 2.4.2:
Simulation Techniques for Neutron-Induced Soft Error / 2.5:
Overall Microscopic Soft-Error Model / 2.5.1:
Nuclear Spallation Reaction Models / 2.5.2:
Charge Deposition Model / 2.5.3:
SRAM Device Model / 2.5.4:
Cell Matrix Model / 2.5.5:
Recycle Simulation Method / 2.5.6:
Validation of SRAM Model / 2.5.7:
Prediction for Scaling Effects Down to 22 nm Design Rule in SRAMs / 2.6:
Roadmap Assumption / 2.6.1:
Results and Discussions / 2.6.2:
Validity of Simulated Results / 2.6.3:
SER Estimation in Devices/Components/System / 2.7:
Standards for SER Measurement for Memories / 2.7.1:
Revisions Needed for the Standards / 2.7.2:
Quantification of SER in Logic Devices and Related Issues / 2.7.3:
An Example of Chip/Board-Level SER Measurement and Architectural Mitigation Techniques / 2.8:
SER Test Procedures for Network Components / 2.8.1:
Hierarchical Mitigation Strategies / 2.8.2:
Basic Three Approaches / 2.9.1:
Design on the Upper Bound (DOUB) / 2.9.2:
Inter Layer Built-in Reliability (LABIR) / 2.10:
Summary / 2.11:
Electromagnetic Compatibility / 3:
Quantitative Estimation of the EMI Radiation Based on the Measured Near-Field Magnetic Distribution / 3.1:
Measurement of the Magnetic Field Distribution Near the Circuit Board / 3.2.1:
Calculation of the Electric Current Distribution on the Circuit Board / 3.2.2:
Calculation of the Far-Field Radiated EMI / 3.2.3:
Development of a Non-contact Current Distribution Measurement Technique for LSI Packaging on PCBs / 3.3:
Electric Current Distribution Detection / 3.3.1:
The Current Detection Result and Its Verification / 3.3.2:
Reduction Technique of Radiated Emission from Chassis with PCB / 3.4:
Far-Field Measurement of Chassis with PCB / 3.4.1:
Measurements of Junction Current / 3.4.2:
PSPICE Modeling / 3.4.3:
Experimental Validation / 3.4.4:
Chapter Summary / 3.5:
Power Integrity / 4:
Detrimental Effect and Technical Trends of Power Integrity Design of Electronic Systems and Devices / 4.1:
Detrimental Effect by Power Supply Noise on Semiconducting Devices / 4.2.1:
Trends of Power Supply Voltage and Power Supply Current for CMOS Semiconducting Devices / 4.2.2:
Trend of Power Distribution Network Design for Electronic Systems / 4.2.3:
Design Methodology of Power Integrity / 4.3:
Definition of Power Supply Noise in Electric System / 4.3.1:
Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Design Methodology / 4.3.2:
Modeling and Design Methodologies of PDS / 4.4:
Modeling of Electrical Circuit Parameters / 4.4.1:
Design Strategies of PDS / 4.4.2:
Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) / 4.5:
Principle of SSN / 4.5.1:
S-G loop SSN / 4.5.2:
P-G loop SSN / 4.5.3:
Measurement of Power Distribution System Performance / 4.6:
On-Chip Voltage Waveform Measurement / 4.6.1:
On-Chip Power Supply Impedance Measurement / 4.6.2:
Fault-Tolerant System Technology / 4.7:
Metrics for Dependability / 5.1:
Reliability / 5.2.1:
Availability / 5.2.2:
Safety / 5.2.3:
Reliability Paradox / 5.3:
Survey on Fault-Tolerant Systems / 5.4:
Technical Issues / 5.5:
High Performance / 5.5.1:
Transparency / 5.5.2:
Physical Transparency / 5.5.3:
Fault Tolerance of Fault Tolerance for Ultimate Safety / 5.5.4:
Reliability of Software / 5.5.5:
Industrial Approach / 5.6:
Autonomous Decentralized Systems / 5.6.1:
Space Application / 5.6.2:
Commercial Fault-Tolerant Systems / 5.6.3:
Ultra-Safe System / 5.6.4:
Availability Improvement vs. Coverage Improvement / 5.7:
Trade-Off Between Availability and Coverage - Stepwise Negotiating Voting / 5.8:
Basic Concept / 5.8.1:
Hiten Onboard Computer / 5.8.2:
Fault-Tolerance Experiments / 5.8.3:
Extension of SNV - Redundancy Management / 5.8.4:
Coverage Improvement / 5.9:
Self-Checking Comparator / 5.9.1:
Optimal Time Diversity / 5.9.2:
On-Chip Redundancy / 5.10:
High Performance (Commercial Fault-Tolerant Computer) / 5.11:
Basic Concepts of TPR Architecture / 5.11.1:
System Configuration / 5.11.2:
System Reconfiguration on Fault Occurrence / 5.11.3:
Processing Take-Over on Fault Occurrence / 5.11.4:
Fault Tolerance of Fault Tolerance / 5.11.5:
Commercial Product Model / 5.11.6:
Current Application Field: X-by-Wire / 5.12:
Challenges in the Future / 6:
Index
Introduction / 1:
Trends in Failure Cause and Countermeasure / 1.1:
Contents and Organization of This Book / 1.2:
79.
EB
Lev Mikhailovich Blinov
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Netherlands, 2011
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Introductory Notes / 1:
References
Structure of Liquid Crystals / Part I:
Symmetry / 2:
Point Group Symmetry / 2.1:
Symmetry Elements and Operations / 2.1.1:
Groups / 2.1.2:
Point Groups / 2.1.3:
Continuous Point Groups / 2.1.4:
Translational Symmetry / 2.2:
Mesogenic Molecules and Orientational Order / 3:
Molecular Shape and Properties / 3.1:
Shape, Conformational Mobility and Isomerization / 3.1.1:
Symmetry and Chirality / 3.1.2:
Electric and Magnetic Properties / 3.1.3:
Intermolecular Interactions / 3.2:
Orientational Distribution Functions for Molecules / 3.3:
Molecules with Axial Symmetry / 3.3.1:
Lath-Like Molecules / 3.3.2:
Principal Orientational Order Parameter (Microscopic Approach) / 3.4:
Macroscopic Definition of the Orientational Order Parameter / 3.5:
Tensor Properties / 3.5.1:
Uniaxial Order / 3.5.2:
Microscopic Biaxiality / 3.5.3:
Apparent Order Parameters for Flexible Chains / 3.6:
Liquid Crystal Phases / 4:
Polymorphism Studies / 4.1:
Polarized Light Microscopy / 4.1.1:
Differential Scanning and Adiabatic Calorimetry (DSC and AC) / 4.1.2:
X-Ray Analysis / 4.1.3:
Main Calamitic Phases / 4.2:
Nematic Phase / 4.2.1:
Classical Smectic A Phase / 4.2.2:
Special SmA Phases / 4.2.3:
Smectic C Phase / 4.2.4:
Smectic B / 4.2.5:
Discotic, Bowl-Type and Polyphilic Phases / 4.3:
Role of Polymerization / 4.4:
Lyotropic Phases / 4.5:
General Remarks on the Role of Chirality / 4.6:
Cholesterics / 4.7:
Intermolecular Potential / 4.7.1:
Cholesteric Helix and Tensor of Orientational Order / 4.7.2:
Tensor of Dielectric Anisotropy / 4.7.3:
Grandjean Texture / 4.7.4:
Methods of the Pitch Measurements / 4.7.5:
Blue Phases / 4.8:
Smectic C* Phase / 4.9:
Symmetry, Polarization and Ferroelectricity / 4.9.1:
Helical Structure / 4.9.2:
Chiral Smectic A* / 4.10:
Uniform Smectic A* / 4.10.1:
TGB Phase / 4.10.2:
Spontaneous Break of Mirror Symmetry / 4.11:
Structure Analysis and X-Ray Diffraction / 5:
Diffraction Studies and X-Ray Experiment / 5.1:
General Consideration / 5.1.1:
X-Ray Experiment / 5.1.2:
X-Ray Scattering / 5.2:
Scattering by a Single Electron / 5.2.1:
Scattering by Two Material Points / 5.2.2:
Scattering by a Stack of Planes (Bragg Diffraction) / 5.2.3:
Amplitude of Scattering for a System of Material Points / 5.2.4:
Scattering Amplitude for an Atom / 5.2.5:
Diffraction on a Periodic Structure / 5.3:
Reciprocal Lattice / 5.3.1:
Intensity of Scattering / 5.3.2:
Form Factor and Structure Factor / 5.3.3:
Fourier Transforms and Diffraction / 5.4:
Principle / 5.4.1:
Example: Form Factor of a Parallelepiped / 5.4.2:
Convolution of Two Functions / 5.4.3:
Self-Convolution / 5.4.4:
X-Ray Diffraction by Crystals / 5.5:
Density Function and Structure Factor for Crystals / 5.5.1:
A Crystal of a Finite Size / 5.5.2:
Structure of the Isotropic and Nematic Phase / 5.6:
Isotropic Liquid / 5.6.1:
Diffraction by Smectic Phases / 5.6.2:
Smectic A / 5.7.1:
Landau-Peierls Instability / 5.7.2:
"Bond" Orientational Order in a Single Smectic Layer and Hexatic Phase / 5.7.3:
Three-Dimensional Smectic Phases / 5.7.4:
Phase Transitions / 6:
Landau Approach / 6.1:
Isotropic Liquid-Nematic Transition / 6.2:
Landau-De Gennes Equation / 6.2.1:
Temperature Dependence of the Nematic Order Parameter / 6.2.2:
Free Energy / 6.2.3:
Physical Properties in the Vicinity of the N-Iso Transition / 6.2.4:
Nematic-Smectic A Transition / 6.3:
Order Parameter / 6.3.1:
Free Energy Expansion / 6.3.2:
Weak First Order Transition / 6.3.3:
Re-entrant Phases / 6.3.4:
Smectic A-Smectic C Transition / 6.4:
Landau Expansion / 6.4.1:
Influence of External Fields / 6.4.2:
Dynamics of Order Parameter / 6.5:
Landau-Khalatnikov Approach / 6.5.1:
Relaxation Rate / 6.5.2:
Molecular Statistic Approach to Phase Transitions / 6.6:
Entropy, Partition Function and Free Energy / 6.6.1:
Equations of State for Gas and Liquid / 6.6.2:
Nematic-Isotropic Transition (Molecular Approach) / 6.7:
Interaction Potential and Partition Function / 6.7.1:
Onsager's Results / 6.7.2:
Mean Field Approach for the Nematic Phase / 6.7.3:
Physical Properties / Part II:
Magnetic, Electric and Transport Properties / 7:
Magnetic Phenomena / 7.1:
Magnetic Anisotropy / 7.1.1:
Diamagnetism / 7.1.2:
Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism / 7.1.3:
Dielectric Properties / 7.2:
Permittivity of Isotropic Liquids / 7.2.1:
Static Dielectric Anisotropy of Nematics and Smectics / 7.2.2:
Dipole Dynamics of an Isotropic Liquid / 7.2.3:
Transport Properties / 7.2.4:
Thermal Conductivity / 7.3.1:
Diffusion / 7.3.2:
Electric Conductivity / 7.3.3:
Elasticity and Defects / 8:
Tensor of Elasticity / 8.1:
Hooke's Law / 8.1.1:
Stress, Strain and Elasticity Tensors / 8.1.2:
Elasticity of Nematics and Cholesterics / 8.2:
Elementary Distortions / 8.2.1:
Frank Energy / 8.2.2:
Cholesterics and Polar Nematics / 8.2.3:
Variational Problem and Elastic Torques / 8.3:
Euler Equation / 8.3.1:
Application to a Twist Cell / 8.3.2:
"Molecular Field" and Torques / 8.3.3:
Director Fluctuations / 8.3.4:
Defects in Nematics and Cholesterics / 8.4:
Nematic Texture and Volterra Process / 8.4.1:
Linear Singularities in Nematics / 8.4.2:
Point Singularities and Walls / 8.4.3:
Defects in Cholesterics / 8.4.4:
Smectic Phases / 8.5:
Elasticity of Smectic A / 8.5.1:
Peierls Instability of the SmA Structure / 8.5.2:
Defects in Smectic A / 8.5.3:
Smectic C Elasticity and Defects / 8.5.4:
Elements of Hydrodynamics / 9:
Hydrodynamic Variables / 9.1:
Hydrodynamics of an Isotropic Liquid / 9.2:
Conservation of Mass Density / 9.2.1:
Conservation of Momentum Density / 9.2.2:
Navier-Stokes Equation / 9.2.3:
Viscosity of Nematics / 9.3:
Basic Equations / 9.3.1:
Measurements of Leslie coefficients / 9.3.2:
Flow in Cholesterics and Smectics / 9.4:
Smectic A Phase / 9.4.1:
Reference
Liquid Crystal - Solid Interface / 10:
General Properties / 10.1:
Surface Properties of a Liquid / 10.1.1:
Structure of Surface Layers / 10.1.3:
Surface Energy and Anchoring of Nematics / 10.2:
Easy Axis / 10.2.1:
Variational Problem / 10.2.2:
Surface Energy Forms / 10.2.3:
Extrapolation Length / 10.2.4:
Liquid Crystal Alignment / 10.3:
Cells / 10.3.1:
Alignment / 10.3.2:
Berreman Model / 10.3.3:
Electro-Optics / Part III:
Optics and Electric Field Effects in Nematic and Smectic A Liquid Crystals / 11:
Optical Properties of Uniaxial Phases / 11.1:
Dielectric Ellipsoid, Birefringence and Light Transmission / 11.1.1:
Light Absorption and Linear Dichroism / 11.1.2:
Light Scattering in Nematics and Smectic A / 11.1.3:
Frederiks Transition and Related Phenomena / 11.2:
Field Free Energy and Torques / 11.2.1:
Experiments on Field Alignment of a Nematic / 11.2.2:
Theory of Frederiks Transition / 11.2.3:
Generalizations of the Simplest Model / 11.2.4:
Dynamics of Frederiks Transition / 11.2.5:
Backflow Effect / 11.2.6:
Electrooptical Response / 11.2.7:
Flexoelectricity / 11.3:
Flexoelectric Polarization / 11.3.1:
Converse Flexoelectric Effect / 11.3.2:
Flexoelectric Domains / 11.3.3:
Electrohydrodynamic Instability / 11.4:
The Reasons for Instabilities / 11.4.1:
Carr-Helfrich Mode / 11.4.2:
Electro-Optical Effects in Cholesteric Phase / 12:
Cholesteric as One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal / 12.1:
Bragg Reflection / 12.1.1:
Waves in Layered Medium and Photonic Crystals / 12.1.2:
Simple Analytical Solution for Light Incident Parallel to the Helical Axis / 12.1.3:
Other Important Cases / 12.1.4:
Dielectric Instability of Cholesterics / 12.2:
Untwisting of the Cholesteric Helix / 12.2.1:
Field Induced Anharmonicity and Dynamics of the Helix / 12.2.2:
Instability of the Planar Cholesteric Texture / 12.2.3:
Bistability and Memory / 12.3:
Naive Idea / 12.3.1:
Berreman-Heffner Model / 12.3.2:
Bistability and Field-Induced Break of Anchoring / 12.3.3:
Flexoelectricity in Cholesterics / 12.4:
Ferroelectricity and Antiferroelectricity in Smectics / 13:
Ferroelectrics / 13.1:
Crystalline Pyro-, Piezo- and Ferroelectrics / 13.1.1:
Ferroelectric Cells with Non-ferroelectric Liquid Crystal / 13.1.2:
Phase Transition SmA*-SmC* / 13.1.3:
Electro-Optic Effects in Ferroelectric Cells / 13.1.4:
Criteria for Bistability and Hysteresis-Free Switching / 13.1.5:
Introduction to Antiferroelectrics / 13.2:
Background: Crystalline Antiferroelectrics and Ferrielectrics / 13.2.1:
Chiral Liquid Crystalline Antiferroelectrics / 13.2.2:
Polar Achiral Systems / 13.2.3:
Index
Introductory Notes / 1:
References
Structure of Liquid Crystals / Part I:
80.
EB
Zhening Li, Simai He
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Dordrecht : Springer New York, 2012
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Introduction / 1:
History / 1.1:
Applications / 1.1.1:
Algorithms / 1.1.2:
Contributions / 1.2:
Notations and Models / 1.3:
Objective Functions / 1.3.1:
Constraint Sets / 1.3.2:
Models and Organization / 1.3.3:
Preliminary / 1.4:
Tensor Operations / 1.4.1:
Approximation Algorithms / 1.4.2:
Randomized Algorithms / 1.4.3:
Semidefinite Programming Relaxation and Randomization / 1.4.4:
Polynomial Optimization Over the Euclidean Ball / 2:
Multilinear Form / 2.1:
Computational Complexity / 2.1.1:
Cubic Case / 2.1.2:
General Fixed Degree / 2.1.3:
Homogeneous Form / 2.2:
Link Between Multilinear Form and Homogeneous Form / 2.2.1:
The Odd Degree Case / 2.2.2:
The Even Degree Case / 2.2.3:
Mixed Form / 2.3:
Complexity and a Step-by-Step Adjustment / 2.3.1:
Extended Link Between Multilinear Form and Mixed Form / 2.3.2:
Inhomogeneous Polynomial / 2.4:
Homogenization / 2.4.1:
Multilinear Form Relaxation / 2.4.2:
Adjusting the Homogenizing Components / 2.4.3:
Feasible Solution Assembling / 2.4.4:
Extensions of the Constraint Sets / 3:
Hypercube and Binary Hypercube / 3.1:
Hypercube / 3.1.1:
The Euclidean Sphere / 3.2:
Intersection of Co-centered Ellipsoids / 3.3:
Convex Compact Set / 3.3.1:
Mixture of Binary Hypercube and the Euclidean Sphere / 3.5:
Homogeneous Polynomial Optimization Over the Euclidean Sphere / 3.5.1:
Singular Values of Trilinear Forms / 4.1.1:
Rank-One Approximation of Tensors / 4.1.2:
Eigenvalues and Approximation of Tensors / 4.1.3:
Density Approximation in Quantum Physics / 4.1.4:
Inhomogeneous Polynomial Optimization Over a General Set / 4.2:
Portfolio Selection with Higher Moments / 4.2.1:
Sensor Network Localization / 4.2.2:
Discrete Polynomial Optimization / 4.3:
The Cut-Norm of Tensors / 4.3.1:
Maximum Complete Satisfiability / 4.3.2:
Box-Constrained Diophantine Equation / 4.3.3:
Mixed Integer Programming / 4.4:
Matrix Combinatorial Problem / 4.4.1:
Vector-Valued Maximum Cut / 4.4.2:
Concluding Remarks / 5:
References
Introduction / 1:
History / 1.1:
Applications / 1.1.1:
81.
図書
Richard J. Brown
出版情報:
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2018 xvi, 408 p. ; 24 cm
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What Is a Dynamical System? / 1:
Definitions / 1.1:
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) / 1.1.1:
Maps / 1.1.2:
Symbolic Dynamics / 1.1.3:
Billiards / 1.1.4:
Higher-Order Recursions / 1.1.5:
The Viewpoint / 1.2:
Simple Dynamics / 2:
Preliminaries / 2.1:
A Simple System / 2.1.1:
The Time-t Map / 2.1.2:
Metrics on Sets / 2.1.3:
Lipschitz Continuity / 2.1.4:
The Contraction Principle / 2.2:
Contractions on Intervals / 2.2.1:
Contractions in Several Variables / 2.2.2:
Application: The Newton-Raphson Method / 2.2.3:
Application: Existence and Uniqueness of ODE Solutions / 2.2.4:
Application: Heron of Alexandria / 2.2.5:
Interval Maps / 2.3:
Cobwebbing / 2.3.1:
Fixed-Point Stability / 2.3.2:
Monotonic Maps / 2.3.3:
Homochnic/Heteroclinic Points / 2.3.4:
Bifurcations of Interval Maps / 2.4:
Saddle-Node Bifurcation / 2.4.1:
Transcritical Bifurcation / 2.4.2:
Pitchfork Bifurcation / 2.4.3:
First Return Maps / 2.5:
A Quadratic Interval Map; The Logistic Map / 2.6:
The Objects of Dynamics / 3:
Topology on Sets / 3.1:
More on Metrics / 3.2:
More on Lipschitz Continuity / 3.2.1:
Metric Equivalence / 3.2.2:
Fixed-Point Theorems / 3.2.3:
Some Non-Euclidean Metric Spaces / 3.3:
The n-Sphere / 3.3.1:
The Unit Circle / 3.3.2:
The Cylinder / 3.3.3:
The 2-Torus / 3.3.4:
A Cantor Set / 3.4:
The Koch Curve / 3.4.1:
Sierpinski Carpet / 3.4.2:
The Sponges / 3.4.3:
Flows and Maps of Euclidean Space / 4:
Linear, First-order ODE Systems in the Plane / 4.1:
General Homogeneous, Linear Systems in Euclidean Space / 4.1.1:
Autonomous Linear Systems / 4.1.2:
The Matrix Exponential / 4.1.3:
Two-Dimensional Classification / 4.1.4:
Bifurcations in Linear Planar Systems / 4.2:
Linearized Poincaré-Andronov-Hopf Bifurcation / 4.2.1:
Linear Planar Maps / 4.2.2:
Nodes: Sinks and Sources / 4.3.1:
Star or Proper Nodes / 4.3.2:
Degenerate or Improper Nodes / 4.3.3:
Spirals and Centers / 4.3.4:
Saddle Points / 4.3.5:
Linear Flows versus Linear Maps / 4.4:
Local Linearization and Stability of Equilibria / 4.5:
Isolated Periodic Orbit Stability / 4.6:
The Poincaré-Bendixson Theorem / 4.6.1:
Limit Sets of Flows / 4.6.2:
Flows in the Plane / 4.6.3:
Application: The van der Pol Oscillator / 4.6.4:
The Poincaré-Andronov-Hopf Bifurcation / 4.6.5:
Application: Competing Species / 4.7:
The Fixed Points / 4.7.1:
Type and Stability / 4.7.2:
Recurrence / 5:
Rotations of the circle / 5.1:
Continued Fraction Representation / 5.1.1:
Equidistribution and Weyl's Theorem / 5.2:
Application: Periodic Function Reconstruction via Sampling / 5.2.1:
Linear Flows on the Torus / 5.3:
Application: Lissajous Figures / 5.3.1:
Application: A Polygonal Billiard / 5.3.2:
Toral Translations / 5.4:
Invertible Circle Maps / 5.5:
Phase Volume Preservation / 6:
In compressibility / 6.1:
Newtonian Systems of Classical Mechanics / 6.2:
Generating Flows from Functions: Lagrange / 6.2.1:
Generating Flows from Functions: Hamilton / 6.2.2:
Exact Differential Equations / 6.2.3:
Application: The Planar Pendulum / 6.2.4:
First Integrals / 6.2.5:
Application: The Spherical Pendulum / 6.2.6:
Poincaré Recurrence / 6.3:
Non-Wandering Points / 6.3.1:
The Poincaré Recurrence Theorem / 6.3.2:
Circular Billiards / 6.4:
Elliptic Billiards / 6.4.2:
General Convex Billiards / 6.4.3:
Poincaré's Last Geometric Theorem / 6.4.4:
Application: Pitcher Problems / 6.4.5:
Complicated Orbit Structure / 7:
Counting Periodic Orbits / 7.1:
The Quadratic Map: Beyond 4 / 7.1.1:
Hyperbolic Toral Automorphisms / 7.1.2:
Application: Image Restoration / 7.1.3:
Inverse Limit Spaces / 7.1.4:
Shift Spaces / 7.1.5:
Markov Partitions / 7.1.6:
Application: The Baker's Transformation / 7.1.7:
Two-Dimensional Markov Partitions: Arnol'd's Cat Map / 7.2:
Chaos and Mixing / 7.3:
Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions / 7.4:
Quadratic Maps: The Final interval / 7.5:
Period-Doubling Bifurcation / 7.5.1:
Trie Schwarzian Derivative / 7.5.2:
Sharkovskii's Theorem / 7.5.3:
Two More Examples of Complicated Dynamical Systems / 7.6:
Complex Dynamics / 7.6.1:
Smale Horseshoe / 7.6.2:
Dynamical Invariants / 8:
Topological Conjugacy / 8.1:
Conjugate Maps / 8.1.1:
Conjugate Hows / 8.1.2:
Conjugacy as Classification / 8.1.3:
Topological Entropy / 8.2:
Lyapunov Exponents / 8.2.1:
Capacity / 8.2.2:
Box Dimension / 8.2.3:
Bowen-Dinaburg (Metric) Topological Entropy / 8.2.4:
Bibliography
Index
What Is a Dynamical System? / 1:
Definitions / 1.1:
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) / 1.1.1:
82.
EB
Siegfried Carl, Seppo Heikkilä
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer New York, 2011
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Preface
Introduction / 1:
Fundamental Order-Theoretic Principles / 2:
Recursions and Iterations in Posets / 2.1:
Fixed Point Results in Posets / 2.2:
Fixed Points for Set-Valued Functions / 2.2.1:
Fixed Points for Single-Valued Functions / 2.2.2:
Comparison and Existence Results / 2.2.3:
Algorithmic Methods / 2.2.4:
Solvability of Operator Equations and Inclusions / 2.3:
Inclusion Problems / 2.3.1:
Single-Valued Problems / 2.3.2:
Special Cases / 2.4:
Fixed Point Results in Ordered Topological Spaces / 2.4.1:
Equations and Inclusions in Ordered Normed Spaces / 2.4.2:
Fixed Point Results for Maximalizing Functions / 2.5:
Preliminaries / 2.5.1:
Main Results / 2.5.2:
Examples and Remarks / 2.5.3:
Notes and Comments / 2.6:
Multi-Valued Variational Inequalities / 3:
Introductory Example / 3.1:
Multi-Valued Elliptic Variational Inequalities / 3.2:
The Sub-Supersolution Method / 3.2.1:
Directedness of Solution Set / 3.2.2:
Extremal Solutions / 3.2.3:
Equivalence to Variational-Hemivariational Inequality / 3.2.4:
Multi-Valued Parabolic Variational Inequalities / 3.3:
Notion of Sub-Supersolution / 3.3.1:
Multi-Valued Parabolic Equation / 3.3.2:
Parabolic Variational Inequality / 3.3.3:
Discontinuous Multi-Valued Elliptic Problems / 3.4:
Nonlocal and Discontinuous Elliptic Inclusions / 4.1:
Hypotheses, Main Result, and Preliminaries / 4.1.1:
Proof of Theorem 4.1 / 4.1.2:
Application: Difference of Clarke's Gradient and Subdifferential / 4.1.3:
State-Dependent Clarke's Gradient Inclusion / 4.2:
Statement of the Problem / 4.2.1:
Notions, Hypotheses, and Preliminaries / 4.2.2:
Existence and Comparison Result / 4.2.3:
Application: Multiplicity Results / 4.2.4:
Discontinuous Elliptic Problems via Fixed Points for Multifunctions / 4.3:
Abstract Fixed Point Theorems for Multi-Functions / 4.3.1:
Discontinuous Elliptic Functional Equations / 4.3.2:
Implicit Discontinuous Elliptic Functional Equations / 4.3.3:
Discontinuous Multi-Valued Evolutionary Problems / 4.4:
Discontinuous Parabolic Inclusions with Clarke's Gradient / 5.1:
Implicit Functional Evolution Equations / 5.2:
Main Result / 5.2.1:
Generalization and Special Cases / 5.2.3:
Application / 5.2.4:
Banach-Valued Ordinary Differential Equations / 5.3:
Cauchy Problems / 6.1:
A Uniqueness Theorem of Nagumo Type / 6.1.1:
Existence Results / 6.1.3:
Existence and Uniqueness Results / 6.1.4:
Dependence on the Initial Value / 6.1.5:
Well-Posedness of a Semilinear Cauchy Problem / 6.1.6:
Nonlocal Semilinear Differential Equations / 6.2:
Existence and Comparison Results / 6.2.1:
Applications to Multipoint Initial Value Problems / 6.2.2:
Higher Order Differential Equations / 6.3:
Well-Posedness Results / 6.3.1:
Semilinear Problem / 6.3.2:
Singular Differential Equations / 6.3.3:
First Order Explicit Initial Value Problems / 6.4.1:
First Order Implicit Initial Value Problems / 6.4.2:
Second Order Initial Value Problems / 6.4.3:
Second Order Boundary Value Problems / 6.4.4:
Functional Differential Equations Containing Bochner Integrable Functions / 6.5:
Hypotheses and Preliminaries / 6.5.1:
Banach-Valued Integral Equations / 6.5.2:
Integral Equations in HL-Spaces / 7.1:
Fredholm Integral Equations / 7.1.1:
Volterra Integral Equations / 7.1.2:
Application to Impulsive IVP / 7.1.3:
A Volterra Equation Containing HL Integrable Functions / 7.1.4:
Urysohn Equations / 7.2:
Evolution Equations / 7.2.3:
Existence and Uniqueness Result / 7.3.1:
Application to a Cauchy Problem / 7.3.3:
Extremal Solutions of Evolution Equations / 7.3.6:
Evolution Equations Containing Bochner Integrable Functions / 7.3.7:
Game Theory / 7.3.8:
Pure Nash Equilibria for Finite Simple Normal-Form Games / 8.1:
An Application to a Pricing Game / 8.1.1:
Pure and Mixed Nash Equilibria for Finite Normal-Form Games / 8.2:
Existence Result for the Greatest Nash Equilibrium / 8.2.1:
Comparison Result for Utilities / 8.2.3:
Dual Results / 8.2.4:
Applications to Finite Supermodular Games / 8.2.5:
Application to a Multiproduct Pricing Game / 8.2.6:
Pure Nash Equilibria for Normal-Form Games / 8.3:
Extreme Value Results / 8.3.1:
Smallest and Greatest Pure Nash Equilibria / 8.3.2:
Applications to a Multiproduct Pricing Game / 8.3.3:
Minimal and Maximal Pure Nash Equilibria / 8.3.5:
Pure and Mixed Nash Equilibria of Normal-Form Games / 8.4:
Definitions and Auxiliary Results / 8.4.1:
Applications to Supermodular Games / 8.4.2:
Undominated and Weakly Dominating Strategies and Weakly Dominating Pure Nash Equilibria for Normal-Form Games / 8.5:
Existence of Undominated Strategies / 8.5.1:
Existence of Weakly Dominating Strategies and Pure Nash Equilibria / 8.5.2:
Examples / 8.5.3:
Pursuit and Evasion Game / 8.6:
Winning Strategy / 8.6.1:
Applications and Special Cases / 8.6.3:
Appendix / 8.7:
Analysis of Vector-Valued Functions / 9.1:
µ-Measurability and µ-Integrability of Banach-Valued Functions / 9.1.1:
HL Integrability / 9.1.2:
Integrals of Derivatives of Vector-Valued Functions / 9.1.3:
Convergence Theorems for HL Integrable Functions / 9.1.4:
Ordered Normed Spaces of HL Integrable Functions / 9.1.5:
Chains in Ordered Function Spaces / 9.2:
Chains of Locally Bochner Integrable Functions / 9.2.1:
Chains of HL Integrable and Locally HL Integrable Functions / 9.2.3:
Chains of Continuous Functions / 9.2.4:
Chains of Random Variables / 9.2.5:
Properties of Order Intervals and Balls in Ordered Function Spaces / 9.2.6:
Sobolev Spaces / 9.3:
Definition of Sobolev Spaces / 9.3.1:
Chain Rule and Lattice Structure / 9.3.2:
Operators of Monotone Type / 9.4:
Main Theorem on Pseudomonotone Operators / 9.4.1:
Leray-Lions Operators / 9.4.2:
Multi-Valued Pseudomonotone Operators / 9.4.3:
First Order Evolution Equations / 9.5:
Evolution Triple and Generalized Derivative / 9.5.1:
Existence Results for Evolution Equations / 9.5.2:
Calculus of Clarke's Generalized Gradient / 9.6:
List of Symbols
References
Index
Preface
Introduction / 1:
Fundamental Order-Theoretic Principles / 2:
83.
EB
Carmit Hazay, Yehuda Lindell
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction and Definitions / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Secure Multiparty Computation - Background / 1.1:
The GMW Protocol for Secure Computation / 1.2:
A Roadmap to the Book / 1.3:
Part I - Introduction and Definitions / 1.3.1:
Part II - General Constructions / 1.3.2:
Part III - Specific Constructions / 1.3.3:
Definitions / 2:
Preliminaries / 2.1:
Security in the Presence of Semi-honest Adversaries / 2.2:
Security in the Presence of Malicious Adversaries / 2.3:
The Definition / 2.3.1:
Extension to Reactive Functionalities / 2.3.2:
Malicious Versus Semi-honest Adversaries / 2.3.3:
Security in the Presence of Covert Adversaries / 2.4:
Motivation / 2.4.1:
The Actual Definition / 2.4.2:
Cheating and Aborting / 2.4.3:
Relations Between Security Models / 2.4.4:
Restricted Versus General Functionalities / 2.5:
Deterministic Functionalities / 2.5.1:
Single-Output Functionalities / 2.5.2:
Non-reactive Functionalities / 2.5.3:
Non-simulation-Based Definitions / 2.6:
Privacy Only / 2.6.1:
One-Sided Simulatability / 2.6.2:
Sequential Composition - Simulation-Based Definitions / 2.7:
General Constructions / Part II:
Semi-honest Adversaries / 3:
An Overview of the Protocol / 3.1:
Tools / 3.2:
"Special" Private-Key Encryption / 3.2.1:
Oblivious Transfer / 3.2.2:
The Garbled-Circuit Construction / 3.3:
Yao's Two-Party Protocol / 3.4:
Efficiency of the Protocol / 3.5:
Malicious Adversaries / 4:
High-Level Protocol Description / 4.1:
Checks for Correctness and Consistency / 4.1.2:
The Protocol / 4.2:
Proof of Security / 4.3:
Efficient Implementation of the Different Primitives / 4.3.1:
Suggestions for Further Reading / 4.5:
Covert Adversaries / 5:
The Basic Protocol / 5.1:
Extensions / 5.1.2:
Secure Two-Party Computation / 5.2:
Overview of the Protocol / 5.2.1:
The Protocol for Two-Party Computation / 5.2.2:
Non-halting Detection Accuracy / 5.2.3:
Specific Constructions / 5.3:
Sigma Protocols and Efficient Zero-Knowledge / 6:
An Example / 6.1:
Definitions and Properties / 6.2:
Proofs of Knowledge / 6.3:
Proving Compound Statements / 6.4:
Zero-Knowledge from ?-Protocols / 6.5:
The Basic Zero-Knowledge Construction / 6.5.1:
Zero-Knowledge Proofs of Knowledge / 6.5.2:
The ZKPOK Ideal Functionality / 6.5.3:
Efficient Commitment Schemes from ?-Protocols / 6.6:
Summary / 6.7:
Oblivious Transfer and Applications / 7:
Notational Conventions for Protocols / 7.1:
Oblivious Transfer - Privacy Only / 7.2:
A Protocol Based on the DDH Assumption / 7.2.1:
A Protocol from Homomorphic Encryption / 7.2.2:
Oblivious Transfer - One-Sided Simulation / 7.3:
Oblivious Transfer - Full Simulation / 7.4:
1-out-of-2 Oblivious Transfer / 7.4.1:
Batch Oblivious Transfer / 7.4.2:
Another Oblivious Transfer - Full Simulation / 7.5:
Secure Pseudorandom Function Evaluation / 7.6:
Pseudorandom Function - Privacy Only / 7.6.1:
Pseudorandom Function - Full Simulation / 7.6.2:
Covert and One-Sided Simulation / 7.6.3:
Batch Pseudorandom Function Evaluation / 7.6.4:
The kth-Ranked Element / 8:
Background / 8.1:
A Protocol for Finding the Median / 8.1.1:
Reducing the kth-Ranked Element to the Median / 8.1.2:
Computing the Median - Semi-honest / 8.2:
Computing the Median - Malicious / 8.3:
The Reactive Greater-Than Functionality / 8.3.1:
Search Problems / 8.3.2:
Secure Database Search / 9.1:
Securely Realizing Basic Database Search / 9.2.1:
Securely Realizing Pull Database Search / 9.2.2:
Secure Document Search / 9.2.3:
Standard Smartcard Functionality and Security / 9.4:
Secure Text Search (Pattern Matching) / 9.4.2:
Indexed Implementation for Naor-Reingold / 9.5.1:
The Protocol for Secure Text Search / 9.5.2:
References
Index
Introduction and Definitions / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Secure Multiparty Computation - Background / 1.1:
84.
EB
Carmit Hazay, Yehuda Lindell
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SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction and Definitions / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Secure Multiparty Computation - Background / 1.1:
The GMW Protocol for Secure Computation / 1.2:
A Roadmap to the Book / 1.3:
Part I - Introduction and Definitions / 1.3.1:
Part II - General Constructions / 1.3.2:
Part III - Specific Constructions / 1.3.3:
Definitions / 2:
Preliminaries / 2.1:
Security in the Presence of Semi-honest Adversaries / 2.2:
Security in the Presence of Malicious Adversaries / 2.3:
The Definition / 2.3.1:
Extension to Reactive Functionalities / 2.3.2:
Malicious Versus Semi-honest Adversaries / 2.3.3:
Security in the Presence of Covert Adversaries / 2.4:
Motivation / 2.4.1:
The Actual Definition / 2.4.2:
Cheating and Aborting / 2.4.3:
Relations Between Security Models / 2.4.4:
Restricted Versus General Functionalities / 2.5:
Deterministic Functionalities / 2.5.1:
Single-Output Functionalities / 2.5.2:
Non-reactive Functionalities / 2.5.3:
Non-simulation-Based Definitions / 2.6:
Privacy Only / 2.6.1:
One-Sided Simulatability / 2.6.2:
Sequential Composition - Simulation-Based Definitions / 2.7:
General Constructions / Part II:
Semi-honest Adversaries / 3:
An Overview of the Protocol / 3.1:
Tools / 3.2:
"Special" Private-Key Encryption / 3.2.1:
Oblivious Transfer / 3.2.2:
The Garbled-Circuit Construction / 3.3:
Yao's Two-Party Protocol / 3.4:
Efficiency of the Protocol / 3.5:
Malicious Adversaries / 4:
High-Level Protocol Description / 4.1:
Checks for Correctness and Consistency / 4.1.2:
The Protocol / 4.2:
Proof of Security / 4.3:
Efficient Implementation of the Different Primitives / 4.3.1:
Suggestions for Further Reading / 4.5:
Covert Adversaries / 5:
The Basic Protocol / 5.1:
Extensions / 5.1.2:
Secure Two-Party Computation / 5.2:
Overview of the Protocol / 5.2.1:
The Protocol for Two-Party Computation / 5.2.2:
Non-halting Detection Accuracy / 5.2.3:
Specific Constructions / 5.3:
Sigma Protocols and Efficient Zero-Knowledge / 6:
An Example / 6.1:
Definitions and Properties / 6.2:
Proofs of Knowledge / 6.3:
Proving Compound Statements / 6.4:
Zero-Knowledge from ?-Protocols / 6.5:
The Basic Zero-Knowledge Construction / 6.5.1:
Zero-Knowledge Proofs of Knowledge / 6.5.2:
The ZKPOK Ideal Functionality / 6.5.3:
Efficient Commitment Schemes from ?-Protocols / 6.6:
Summary / 6.7:
Oblivious Transfer and Applications / 7:
Notational Conventions for Protocols / 7.1:
Oblivious Transfer - Privacy Only / 7.2:
A Protocol Based on the DDH Assumption / 7.2.1:
A Protocol from Homomorphic Encryption / 7.2.2:
Oblivious Transfer - One-Sided Simulation / 7.3:
Oblivious Transfer - Full Simulation / 7.4:
1-out-of-2 Oblivious Transfer / 7.4.1:
Batch Oblivious Transfer / 7.4.2:
Another Oblivious Transfer - Full Simulation / 7.5:
Secure Pseudorandom Function Evaluation / 7.6:
Pseudorandom Function - Privacy Only / 7.6.1:
Pseudorandom Function - Full Simulation / 7.6.2:
Covert and One-Sided Simulation / 7.6.3:
Batch Pseudorandom Function Evaluation / 7.6.4:
The kth-Ranked Element / 8:
Background / 8.1:
A Protocol for Finding the Median / 8.1.1:
Reducing the kth-Ranked Element to the Median / 8.1.2:
Computing the Median - Semi-honest / 8.2:
Computing the Median - Malicious / 8.3:
The Reactive Greater-Than Functionality / 8.3.1:
Search Problems / 8.3.2:
Secure Database Search / 9.1:
Securely Realizing Basic Database Search / 9.2.1:
Securely Realizing Pull Database Search / 9.2.2:
Secure Document Search / 9.2.3:
Standard Smartcard Functionality and Security / 9.4:
Secure Text Search (Pattern Matching) / 9.4.2:
Indexed Implementation for Naor-Reingold / 9.5.1:
The Protocol for Secure Text Search / 9.5.2:
References
Index
Introduction and Definitions / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Secure Multiparty Computation - Background / 1.1:
85.
EB
Hamid Bentarzi
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SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
References
The MOS Structure / 2:
A Simple Physical Approach Applied to MOS Structure / 2.1:
Basic Concepts and Quantities / 2.2.1:
Definition of Potentials / 2.2.2:
Ideal MOS Capacitor / 2.3:
Accumulation / 2.3.1:
Depletion / 2.3.2:
Inversion / 2.3.3:
The Actual (Non-ideal) MOS Structure / 2.4:
The Metal-Silicon Work Function Difference / 2.4.1:
Effect of the Charge Distributed in the Oxide / 2.4.2:
The MOS Oxide and Its Defects / 3:
Oxide Growth Techiques / 3.1:
Thermal Oxidation / 3.3:
Dry Oxidation / 3.3.1:
Wet Oxidation / 3.3.2:
Anodic Oxidation / 3.4:
Rapid Thermal Oxidation / 3.5:
MOS Oxide Defects / 3.6:
The Interface Trapped Charge / 3.6.1:
The Fixed Oxide Charge / 3.6.2:
The Oxide Trapped Charge / 3.6.3:
The Mobile Ionic Charge / 3.6.4:
Review of Transport Mechanism in Thin Oxides of MOS Devices / 4:
Electronic Conduction / 4.1:
The Schottky (or Thermionic) Conduction / 4.2.1:
The Tunneling Conduction / 4.2.2:
The Fowler-Nordheim Conduction / 4.2.3:
The Frenkel-Poole Conduction / 4.2.4:
The Hopping Conduction / 4.2.5:
The Space Charge-Limited Current / 4.2.6:
Ionic Conduction / 4.3:
Ionic Current Transport Equation / 4.3.1:
Summary / 4.4:
Experimental Techniques / 5:
High Frequency MOS C-V Measurement under BTS / 5.1:
Determination of the Flat-Band Voltage / 5.2.1:
How the Mobile Charges Effect can be Separated / 5.2.2:
Theory / 5.2.3:
Experimental Results and Discussion / 5.2.4:
TVS Technique / 5.3:
Earlier Investigation / 5.3.1:
TSIC Technique / 5.4:
Charge-pumping Associated with BTS Technique / 5.4.1:
Separation of the Mobile Charge Effect / 5.5.1:
Theoretical Approaches of Mobile Ions Density Distribution Determination / 5.5.3:
Problem Formulation / 6.1:
Earlier Analytical Approaches / 6.3:
Analytical Approach of Chou / 6.3.1:
Analytical Approach of Tangena et al / 6.3.2:
Analytical Approach of Romanov et al / 6.3.3:
Empirical Model / 6.4:
General Formulation / 6.4.1:
First Empirical Model / 6.4.2:
Results and Discussions / 6.4.3:
Second Empirical Model / 6.4.4:
Results and Discussion / 6.4.5:
Numerical Approach / 6.5:
Numerical Solution / 6.5.1:
Simulation Results and Discussion / 6.5.2:
Experimental and Simulation Results / 6.5.3:
Conclusion / 6.6:
Theoretical Model of Mobile Ions Distribution and Ionic Current in the MOS Oxide / 7:
Theoretical Model of Mobile Ions Density Distribution / 7.1:
Preliminary Considerations / 7.2.1:
One-Dimensional Distribution Model of Mobile Ions / 7.2.2:
I-V Characteristic Determination / 7.3:
Index / 7.4:
Introduction / 1:
References
The MOS Structure / 2:
86.
図書
Ilkka Havukkala
目次情報:
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Preface
Acknowledgement
About the Author
Introduction to Modern Molecular Biology / 1:
Cells store large amounts of information in DNA / 1.1:
Cells process complex information / 1.2:
Cellular life is chemically complex and somewhat stochastic / 1.3:
Challenges in analyzing complex biodata / 1.4:
References
Biodata Explosion / 2:
Primary sequence and structure data / 2.1:
DNA sequence databases / 2.1.1:
Protein sequence databases / 2.1.2:
Molecular structure databases / 2.1.3:
Secondary annotation data / 2.2:
Motif annotations / 2.2.1:
Gene function annotations / 2.2.2:
Genomic annotations / 2.2.3:
Inter-species phylogeny and gene family annotations / 2.2.4:
Experimental and personalized data / 2.3:
DNA expression profiles / 2.3.1:
Proteomics data and degradomics / 2.3.2:
Protein expression profiles, 2D gel and protein interaction data / 2.3.3:
Metabolomics and metabolic pathway databases / 2.3.4:
Personalized data / 2.3.5:
Semantic and processed text data / 2.4:
Ontologies / 2.4.1:
Text-mined annotation data / 2.4.2:
Integrated and federated databases / 2.5:
Local Pattern Discovery and Comparing Genes and Proteins / 3:
DNA/RNA motif discovery / 3.1:
Single motif models: MEME, AlignAce etc. / 3.1.1:
Multiple motif models: LOGOS and MotifRegressor / 3.1.2:
Informative k-mers approach / 3.1.3:
Protein motif discovery / 3.2:
InterProScan and other traditional methods / 3.2.1:
Protein k-mer and other string based methods / 3.2.2:
Genetic algorithms, particle swarms and ant colonies / 3.3:
Genetic algorithms / 3.3.1:
Particle swarm optimization / 3.3.2:
Ant colony optimization / 3.3.3:
Sequence visualization / 3.4:
Global Pattern Discovery and Comparing Genomes / 4:
Alignment-based methods / 4.1:
Pairwise genome-wide search algorithms: LAGAN, AVID etc. / 4.1.1:
Multiple alignment methods: MLAGAN, MAVID, MULTIZ etc. / 4.1.2:
Dotplots / 4.1.3:
Visualization of genome comparisons / 4.1.4:
Global motif maps / 4.1.5:
Alignmentless methods / 4.2:
K-mer based methods / 4.2.1:
Average common substring and compressibility based methods / 4.2.2:
2D portraits of genomes / 4.2.3:
Genome scale non-sequence data analysis / 4.3:
DNA physical structure based methods / 4.3.1:
Secondary structure based comparisons / 4.3.2:
Molecule Structure Based Searching and Comparison / 5:
Molecule structures as graphs or strings / 5.1:
3D to 1D transformations / 5.1.1:
Graph matching methods / 5.1.2:
Graph visualization / 5.1.3:
Graph grammars / 5.1.4:
RNA structure comparison and prediction / 5.2:
Image comparison based methods / 5.3:
Gabor filter based methods / 5.3.1:
Image symmetry set based methods / 5.3.2:
Other graph topology based methods / 5.3.3:
Function Annotation and Ontology Based Searching and Classification / 6:
Annotation ontologies / 6.1:
Gene Ontology based mining / 6.2:
Sequence similarity based function prediction / 6.3:
Cellular location prediction / 6.4:
New integrative methods: Utilizing networks / 6.5:
Text mining bioliterature for automated annotation / 6.6:
Natural language processing (NLP) / 6.6.1:
Semantic profiling / 6.6.2:
Matrix factorization methods / 6.6.3:
New Methods for Genomics Data: SVM and Others / 7:
SVM kernels / 7.1:
SVM trees / 7.2:
Methods for microarray data / 7.3:
Gene selection algorithms / 7.3.1:
Gene selection by consistency methods / 7.3.2:
Genome as a time series and discrete wavelet transform / 7.4:
Parameterless clustering for gene expression / 7.5:
Transductive confidence machines, conformal predictors and ROC isometrics / 7.6:
Text compression methods for biodata analysis / 7.7:
Integration of Multimodal Data: Toward Systems Biology / 8:
Comparative genome annotation systems / 8.1:
Phylogenetics methods / 8.2:
Network inference from interaction and coexpression data / 8.3:
Bayesian inference, association rule mining and Petri nets / 8.4:
Future Challenges / 9:
Network analysis methods / 9.1:
Unsupervised and supervised clustering / 9.2:
Neural networks and evolutionary methods / 9.3:
Semantic web and ontologization of biology / 9.4:
Biological data fusion / 9.5:
Rise of the GPU machines / 9.6:
Index
Preface
Acknowledgement
About the Author
87.
EB
Rafael Martí, Rafael Marti, Gerhard Reinelt
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SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011
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Introduction / 1:
Basic definitions / 1.l:
Applications of the Linear Ordering Problem / 1.2:
Equivalent Graph Problems / 1.2.1:
Related Graph Problems / 1.2.2:
Aggregation of Individual Preferences / 1.2.3:
Binary Choice Probabilities / 1.2.4:
Ttiangulation of Input-Output Tables / 1.2.5:
Optimal Weighted Ancestry Relationships / 1.2.6:
Ranking in Sports Tournaments / 1.2.7:
Corruption Perception / 1.2.8:
Crossing Minimization / 1.2.9:
Linear Ordering with Quadratic Objective Function / 1.2.10:
Scheduling with Precedences / 1.2.11:
Linear Ordering with Cumulative Costs / 1.2.12:
Coupled Task Problem / 1.2.13:
Target Visitation Problem / 1.2.14:
Benchmark Problems / 1.3:
Data Format / 1.3.1:
Input-Output Matrices / 1.3.2:
Randomly Generated Instances A (Type 1) / 1.3.3:
Randomly Generated Instances A (Type 2) / 1.3.4:
Randomly Generated Instances B / 1.3.5:
SGB Instances / 1.3.6:
Instances of Schiavinotto and Stiltzle / 1.3.7:
Instances of Mitchell and Borchers / 1.3.8:
Further Special Instances / 1.3.9:
Heuristic Methods / 2:
Assessing the Quality of Heuristics / 2.1:
ConstlUction Heuristics / 2.2:
The Method of Chenery and Watanabe / 2.2.1:
Heuristics of Aujac & Masson / 2.2.2:
Heuristics of Becker / 2.2.3:
Best Insertion / 2.2.4:
Local Search / 2.3:
Insertion / 2.3.1:
The Heuristic of Chan as & Kobylanski / 2.3.2:
k-opt / 2.3.3:
Kernighan-Lin Type Improvement / 2.3.4:
Local Enumeration / 2.3.5:
Multi-Start Procedures / 2.4:
Variants of Multi-Start / 2.4.1:
Experiments with the LOP / 2.4.2:
Meta-Heuristics / 3:
GRASP / 3.1:
Construction Phase / 3.2.1:
Improvement Phase / 3.2.2:
Tabu Search / 3.3:
Short Term Memory / 3.3.1:
Long Term Memory / 3.3.2:
Simulated Annealing / 3.4:
Variable Neighborhood Search / 3.5:
Variable Neighborhood Descent / 3.5.1:
Restricted Variable Neighborhood Search / 3.5.2:
Basic Variable Neighborhood Search / 3.5.3:
Frequency Variable Neighborhood Search / 3.5.4:
Hybrid Variable Neighborhood Search / 3.5.5:
Scatter Search / 3.6:
Reference Set Creation / 3.6.1:
Reference Set Update / 3.6.2:
Reference Set Rebuild / 3.6.3:
Genetic Algorithms / 3.7:
Empilical Comparison / 3.8:
Branch-and-Bound / 4:
Branch-and-Bound with Partial Orderings / 4.1:
Lexicographic Search / 4.3:
Extension of Lexicographic Search to Branch-and-Bound / 4.4:
Branch-and-Bound with Lagrangian Relaxation / 4.5:
Branch-and-Cut / 5:
Integer Programming / 5.1:
Cutting Plane Algorithms / 5.2:
Branch-and-Cut with 3-Dicycle Cuts / 5.3:
Solving the 3-Diycle Relaxation / 5.3.1:
An LP Based Henristic / 5.3.2:
Computational Results witl1 3-Dicycles / 5.3.3:
Generation of Further Cuts / 5.4:
Chvatal-Gomory Cuts / 5.4.1:
Maximally Violated Mod-k Cuts / 5.4.2:
Mod-2 Cuts / 5.4.3:
Implementation of Branch-and-Cut / 5.5:
Initialization / 5.5.1:
Active Variables / 5.5.2:
Local Upper Bound / 5.5.3:
Branching / 5.5.4:
Fixing and Setting of Variables / 5.5.5:
Logical Implications / 5.5.6:
Selection of Nodes / 5.5.7:
Lower Bounds / 5.5.8:
Separation / 5.5.9:
Elimination of Constraints / 5.5.10:
Constraint Pool / 5.5.11:
Pricing / 5.5.12:
Infeasible LPs / 5.5.13:
Addition of Variables / 5.5.14:
Some Computational Results / 5.6:
The Linear Ordering Polytope / 6:
Polyhedral Combinatorics and Basic Results / 6.1:
Facets of the Linear Ordering Polytope / 6.2:
Computation of Complete Descriptions / 6.3:
Differences between Facets / 6.4:
Separation of Small Facets / 6.5:
Computational Experiments with Small Facets / 6.6:
Comparison of Henristics / 6.6.1:
Cutting Plane Selection / 6.6.2:
Number of Classes Taken into Account / 6.6.3:
Facet Selection / 6.6.4:
Local Cuts and Target Cuts / 6.7:
Further Aspects / 7:
Approximative Algorithms / 7.1:
Integrality Gaps of LP Relaxations / 7.2:
Degree of Linearity / 7.3:
Semidefinite Relaxations / 7.4:
Context Independent Solvers / 7.5:
Difficulty of LOP Instances / 7.6:
Sparse Problems / 7.7:
A Simple Dual Heuristic / 7.8:
Future Research / 7.9:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Basic definitions / 1.l:
Applications of the Linear Ordering Problem / 1.2:
88.
EB
Hubregt J. Visser
出版情報:
Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , Hoboken : Wiley Telecom, 2012
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Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
Introduction / 1:
The Early History of Antennas / 1.1:
Antennas and Electromagnetic Radiation / 1.2:
Electromagnetic Radiation / 1.2.1:
Short Wire Dipole Radiation / 1.2.2:
The Modern History of Antennas / 1.3:
Frequency Spectrum and Antenna Types / 1.4:
Dipole Antennas / 1.4.1:
Loop Antennas / 1.4.2:
Aperture Antennas / 1.4.3:
Reflector Antennas / 1.4.4:
Array Antennas / 1.4.5:
Modem Antennas / 1.4.6:
Organization of the Book / 1.5:
Problems / 1.6:
References
Antenna System-Level Performance Parameters / 2:
Radiation Pattern / 2.1:
Field Regions / 2.1.1:
Three-Dimensional Radiation Pattern / 2.1.2:
Planar Cuts / 2.1.3:
Power Patterns / 2.1.4:
Directivity and Gain / 2.1.5:
Antenna Beamwidth / 2.1.6:
Antenna Impedance and Bandwidth / 2.2:
Polarization / 2.3:
Elliptical Polarization / 2.3.1:
Circular Polarization / 2.3.2:
Linear Polarization / 2.3.3:
Axial Ratio / 2.3.4:
Antenna Effective Area and Vector Effective Length / 2.4:
Effective Area / 2.4.1:
Vector Effective Length / 2.4.2:
Radio Equation / 2.5:
Radar Equation / 2.6:
Radar Cross-Section / 2.6.1:
Vector Analysis / 2.7:
Addition and Subtraction / 3.1:
Products / 3.2:
Scalar Product or Dot Product / 3.2.1:
Vector Product or Cross Product / 3.2.2:
Triple Product / 3.2.3:
Differentiation / 3.3:
Gradient / 3.3.1:
Divergence / 3.3.2:
Curl / 3.3.3:
Radiated Fields / 3.4:
Maxwell Equations / 4.1:
Vector Potential / 4.2:
Far-Field Approximations / 4.3:
Magnetic Field / 4.3.1:
Electric Field / 4.3.2:
Reciprocity / 4.4:
Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem / 4.4.1:
Antenna Reciprocity / 4.4.2:
Elementary Dipole / 4.5:
Radiation / 5.1.1:
Input Impedance / 5.1.2:
Non-Infinitesimal Dipole Antenna / 5.2:
Printed Monopole and Inverted-F Antennas / 5.2.1:
Application of Theory / 5.3.1:
Planar Monopole Antenna Design / 5.3.2:
Printed UWB Antenna Design / 5.3.3:
Miniature Monopole with Cable Current Suppression / 5.3.4:
Inverted-F Antenna Design / 5.3.5:
General Constant Current Loop / 5.4:
Small Loop Antenna / 6.1.1:
Comparison of Short Dipole and Small Loop Antenna / 6.1.4:
Printed Loop Antenna / 6.2:
Design of a Printed Loop Antenna / 6.2.1:
Magnetic Sources / 6.3:
Uniqueness Theorem / 7.2:
Equivalence Principle / 7.3:
Uniform Distribution in a Rectangular Aperture / 7.4:
Uniform Distribution in a Circular Aperture / 7.6:
Microstrip Antennas / 7.7:
Design of a Linearly Polarized Microstrip Antenna / 7.7.1:
Design of a Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna / 7.7.3:
A Linear Array of Non-Isotropic Point-Source Radiators / 7.8:
Array Factor / 8.2:
Side Lobes and Grating Lobes / 8.3:
Side-Lobe Level / 8.3.1:
Grating Lobes / 8.3.2:
Linear Phase Taper / 8.4:
Special Topics / 8.5:
Mutual Coupling / 8.6.1:
Antenna Diversity / 8.6.2:
Sequential Rotation and Phasing / 8.6.3:
Array Antenna Design / 8.7:
Theory / 8.7.1:
A Linear Microstrip Patch Array Antenna / 8.7.2:
Effective Aperture and Directivity / 8.8:
Vector Formulas / Appendix B:
Complex Analysis / Appendix C:
Complex Numbers / C.1:
Use of Complex Variables / C.2:
Physical Constants and Material Parameters / Appendix D:
Two-Port Network Parameters / Appendix E:
Transmission Line Theory / Appendix F:
Distributed Parameters / F.1:
Guided Waves / F.2:
VSWR and Reflection Factor / F.2.1:
Impedance and Relative Impedance / F.2.2:
Input Impedance of a Transmission Line / F.3:
Terminated Lossless Transmission Line / F.4:
Matched Load / F.4.1:
Short Circuit / F.4.2:
Open Circuit / F.4.3:
Imaginary Unit Termination / F.4.4:
Real Termination / F.4.5:
Quarter Wavelength Impedance Transformer / F.5:
Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) / Appendix G:
Index
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
89.
図書
Mike Lancaster
出版情報:
Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, c2010 xv, 328 p. ; 24 cm
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Principles and Concepts of Green Chemistry / Chapter 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Sustainable Development and Green Chemistry / 1.2:
Green Engineering / 1.2.1:
Atom Economy / 1.3:
Atom Economic Reactions / 1.4:
Rearrangement Reactions / 1.4.1:
Addition Reactions / 1.4.2:
Atom Un-economic Reactions / 1.5:
Substitution Reactions / 1.5.1:
Elimination Reactions / 1.5.2:
Wittig Reactions / 1.5.3:
Reducing Toxicity / 1.6:
Measuring Toxicity / 1.6.1:
Review Questions
Further Reading
Waste: Production, Problems, and Prevention / Chapter 2:
Some Problems Caused by Waste / 2.1:
Sources of Waste from the Chemical Industry / 2.3:
Cost of Waste / 2.4:
Waste Minimization Techniques / 2.5:
The Team Approach to Waste Minimization / 2.5.1:
Process Design for Waste Minimization / 2.5.2:
Minimizing Waste from Existing Processes / 2.5.3:
On-site Waste Treatment / 2.6:
Physical Treatment / 2.6.1:
Chemical Treatment / 2.6.2:
Biotreatment Plants / 2.6.3:
Design for Degradation / 2.7:
Degradation and Surfactants / 2.7.1:
DDT / 2.7.2:
Polymers / 2.7.3:
Some Rules for Degradation / 2.7.4:
Polymer Recycling / 2.8:
Separation and Sorting / 2.8.1:
Incineration / 2.8.2:
Mechanical Recycling / 2.8.3:
Chemical Recycling to Monomers / 2.8.4:
Measuring and Controlling Environmental Performance / Chapter 3:
The Importance of Measurement / 3.1:
Lactic Acid Production / 3.1.1:
Safer Gasoline / 3.1.2:
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment / 3.2:
Four Stages of LCA / 3.2.1:
Carbon Footprinting / 3.2.2:
Green Process Metrics / 3.3:
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) / 3.4:
ISO 14001 / 3.4.1:
The European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) / 3.4.2:
Eco-Labels / 3.5:
Legislation / 3.6:
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) / 3.6.1:
Reach / 3.6.2:
Catalysis and Green Chemistry / Chapter 4:
Introduction to Catalysis / 4.1:
Comparison of Catalyst Types / 4.1.1:
Heterogeneous Catalysts / 4.2:
Basics of Heterogeneous Catalysis / 4.2.1:
Zeolites and the Bulk Chemical Industry / 4.2.2:
Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Fine Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries / 4.2.3:
Catalytic Converters / 4.2.4:
Homogeneous Catalysts / 4.3:
Transition Metal Catalysts with Phosphine or Carbonyl Ligands / 4.3.1:
Greener Lewis Acids / 4.3.2:
Asymmetric Catalysis / 4.3.3:
Phase Transfer Catalysis / 4.4:
Hazard Reduction / 4.4.1:
C-C Bond Formation / 4.4.2:
Oxidation using Hydrogen Peroxide / 4.4.3:
Biocatalysis / 4.5:
Photocatalysis / 4.6:
Conclusions / 4.7:
Organic Solvents: Environmentally Benign Solutions / Chapter 5:
Organic Solvents and Volatile Organic Compounds / 5.1:
Solvent-free Systems / 5.2:
Supercritical Fluids / 5.3:
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO2 ) / 5.3.1:
Supercritical Water / 5.3.2:
Water as a Reaction Solvent / 5.4:
Water Based Coatings / 5.4.1:
Ionic Liquids / 5.5:
Ionic Liquids as Catalysts / 5.5.1:
Ionic Liquids as Solvents / 5.5.2:
Fluorous Biphase Solvents / 5.6:
Comparing Greenness of Solvents / 5.7:
Renewable Resources / 5.8:
Biomass as a Renewable Resource / 6.1:
Energy / 6.2:
Fossil Fuels / 6.2.1:
Energy from Biomass / 6.2.2:
Solar Power / 6.2.3:
Other Forms of Renewable Energy / 6.2.4:
Fuel Cells / 6.2.5:
Chemicals from Renewable Feedstocks / 6.3:
Chemicals from Fatly Acids / 6.3.1:
Polymers from Renewable Resources / 6.3.2:
Some Other Chemicals from Natural Resources / 6.3.3:
Alternative Economies / 6.4:
Syngas Economy / 6.4.1:
Hydrogen Economy / 6.4.2:
Biorefinery / 6.5:
Emerging Greener Technologies and Alternative Energy Sources / 6.6:
Design for Energy Efficiency / 7.1:
Photochemical Reactions / 7.2:
Advantages of and Challenges Faced by Photochemical Processes / 7.2.1:
Examples of Photochemical Reactions / 7.2.2:
Chemistry using Microwaves / 7.3:
Microwave Heating / 7.3.1:
Microwave-assisted Reactions / 7.3.2:
Sonochemistry / 7.4:
Sonochemistry and Green Chemistry / 7.4.1:
Electrochemical Synthesis / 7.5:
Examples of Electrochemical Synthesis / 7.5.1:
Designing Greener Processes / 7.6:
Conventional Reactors / 8.1:
Batch Reactors / 8.2.1:
Continuous Reactors / 8.2.2:
Inherently Safer Design / 8.3:
Minimization / 8.3.1:
Simplification / 8.3.2:
Substitution / 8.3.3:
Moderation / 8.3.4:
Limitation / 8.3.5:
Process Intensification / 8.4:
Some PI Equipment / 8.4.1:
Some Example of Intensified Processes / 8.4.2:
In-process Monitoring / 8.5:
Near-infrared Spectroscopy / 8.5.1:
Process Safety / 8.6:
Industrial Case Studies / Chapter 9:
Methyl Methacrylate / 9.1:
Greening of Acetic Acid Manufacture / 9.3:
EPDM Rubbers / 9.4:
Vitamin C / 9.5:
Leather Manufacture / 9.6:
Tanning / 9.6.1:
Fatliquoring / 9.6.2:
Dyeing to be Green / 9.7:
Some Manufacturing Improvements / 9.7.1:
Dye Application / 9.7.2:
Polyethylene / 9.8:
Radical Process / 9.8.1:
Ziegler-Natta Catalysis / 9.8.2:
Metallocene Catalysis / 9.8.3:
Post Metallocene Catalysts / 9.8.4:
Eco-friendly Pesticides / 9.9:
Insecticides / 9.9.1:
Epichlorohydrin / 9.10:
The Future's Green: An Integrated Approach to a Greener Chemical Industry / Chapter 10:
Society and Sustainability / 10.1:
Barriers & Drivers / 10.2:
Role of Legislation / 10.3:
Green Chemical Supply Strategies / 10.4:
Greener Energy / 10.5:
Subject Index / 10.6:
Principles and Concepts of Green Chemistry / Chapter 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Sustainable Development and Green Chemistry / 1.2:
90.
図書
Vítor Araújo, Maria José Pacifico
目次情報:
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Introduction / 1:
Organization of the Text / 1.1:
Preliminary Definitions and Results / 2:
Fundamental Notions and Definitions / 2.1:
Critical Elements, Non-wandering Points, Stable and Unstable Sets / 2.1.1:
Limit Sets, Transitivity, Attractors and Repellers / 2.1.2:
Hyperbolic Critical Elements / 2.1.3:
Topological Equivalence, Structural Stability / 2.1.4:
Low Dimensional Flow Versus Chaotic Behavior / 2.2:
One-Dimensional Flows / 2.2.1:
Two-Dimensional Flows / 2.2.2:
Three Dimensional Chaotic Attractors / 2.2.3:
Hyperbolic Flows / 2.3:
Hyperbolic Sets and Singularities / 2.3.1:
Examples of Hyperbolic Sets and Axiom A Flows / 2.3.2:
Expansiveness and Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions / 2.4:
Chaotic Systems / 2.4.1:
Expansive Systems / 2.4.2:
Basic Tools / 2.5:
The Tubular Flow Theorem / 2.5.1:
Transverse Sections and the Poincaré Return Map / 2.5.2:
The Hartman-Grobman Theorem on Local Linearization / 2.5.3:
The (Strong) Inclination Lemma (or ?-Lemma) / 2.5.4:
Homoclinic Classes, Transitiveness and Denseness of Periodic Orbits / 2.5.5:
The Closing Lemma / 2.5.6:
The Connecting Lemma / 2.5.7:
The Ergodic Closing Lemma / 2.5.8:
A Perturbation Lemma for Flows / 2.5.9:
Generic Vector Fields and Lyapunov Stability / 2.5.10:
The Linear Poincaré Flow / 2.6:
Hyperbolic Splitting for the Linear Poincaré Flow / 2.6.1:
Dominated Splitting for the Linear Poincaré Flow / 2.6.2:
Incompressible Flows, Hyperbolicity and Dominated Splitting / 2.6.3:
Ergodic Theory / 2.7:
Physical or SRB Measures / 2.7.1:
Gibbs Measures Versus SRB Measures / 2.7.2:
Stability Conjectures / 2.8:
Singular Cycles and Robust Singular Attractors / 3:
Singular Horseshoe / 3.1:
A Singular Horseshoe Map / 3.1.1:
A Singular Cycle with a Singular Horseshoe First Return Map / 3.1.2:
The Singular Horseshoe Is a Partially Hyperbolic Set with Volume Expanding Central Direction / 3.1.3:
Bifurcations of Saddle-Connections / 3.2:
Saddle-Connection with Real Eigenvalues / 3.2.1:
Inclination Flip and Orbit Flip / 3.2.2:
Saddle-Focus Connection and Shil'nikov Bifurcations / 3.2.3:
Lorenz Attractor and Geometric Models / 3.3:
Properties of the Lorenz System of Equations / 3.3.1:
The Geometric Model / 3.3.2:
The Geometric Lorenz Attractor Is a Partially Hyperbolic Set with Volume Expanding Central Direction / 3.3.3:
Existence and Robustness of Invariant Stable Foliation / 3.3.4:
Robustness of the Geometric Lorenz Attractors / 3.3.5:
The Geometric Lorenz Attractor Is a Homoclinic Class / 3.3.6:
Robustness on the Whole Ambient Space / 4:
No Equilibria Surrounded by Regular Orbits with Dominated Splitting / 4.1:
Homogeneous Flows and Dominated Splitting / 4.2:
Dominated Splitting over the Periodic Orbits / 4.2.1:
Dominated Splitting over Regular Orbits from the Periodic Ones / 4.2.2:
Bounded Angles on the Splitting over Hyperbolic Periodic Orbits / 4.2.3:
Dominated Splitting for the Linear Poincaré Flow Along Regular Orbits / 4.2.4:
Uniform Hyperbolicity for the Linear Poincaré Flow / 4.3:
Subadditive Functions of the Orbits of a Flow and Exponential Growth / 4.3.1:
Uniform Hyperbolicity for the Linear Poincaré Flow on the Whole Manifold / 4.3.2:
Robust Transitivity and Singular-Hyperbolicity / 5:
Definitions and Statement of Results / 5.1:
Equilibria of Robust Attractors Are Lorenz-Like / 5.1.1:
Robust Attractors Are Singular-Hyperbolic / 5.1.2:
Brief Sketch of the Proofs / 5.1.3:
Higher Dimensional Analogues / 5.2:
Singular-Attractor with Arbitrary Number of Expanding Directions / 5.2.1:
The Notion of Sectionally Expanding Sets / 5.2.2:
Homogeneous Flows and Sectionally Expanding Attractors / 5.2.3:
Proof of Sufficient Conditions to Obtain Attractors / 5.3:
Robust Singular Transitivity Implies Attractors or Repellers / 5.3.2:
Attractors and Singular-Hyperbolicity / 5.4:
Uniformly Dominated Splitting over the Periodic Orbits / 5.4.1:
Dominated Splitting over a Robust Attractor / 5.4.2:
Flow-Boxes Near Equilibria / 5.4.3:
Uniformly Bounded Angle Between Stable and Center-Unstable Directions on Periodic Orbits / 5.4.5:
Singular-Hyperbolicity and Robustness / 6:
Cross-Sections and Poincaré Maps / 6.1:
Stable Foliations on Cross-Sections / 6.1.1:
Hyperbolicity of Poincaré Maps / 6.1.2:
Adapted Cross-Sections / 6.1.3:
Global Poincaré Return Map / 6.1.4:
The One-Dimensional Piecewise Expanding Map / 6.1.5:
Denseness of Periodic Orbits and the One-Dimensional Map / 6.1.6:
Crossing Strips and the One-Dimensional Map / 6.1.7:
Homoclinic Class / 6.2:
Sufficient Conditions for Robustness / 6.3:
Denseness of Periodic Orbits and Transitivity with a Unique Singularity / 6.3.1:
Unstable Manifolds of Periodic Orbits Inside Singular-Hyperbolic Attractors / 6.3.2:
Expansiveness and Physical Measure / 7:
Statements of the Results and Overview of the Arguments / 7.1:
Robust Sensitiveness / 7.1.1:
Existence and Uniqueness of a Physical Measure / 7.1.2:
Expansiveness / 7.2:
Proof of Expansiveness / 7.2.1:
Infinitely Many Coupled Returns / 7.2.2:
Semi-global Poincaré Map / 7.2.3:
A Tube-Like Domain Without Singularities / 7.2.4:
Every Orbit Leaves the Tube / 7.2.5:
Expansiveness of the Poincaré Map / 7.2.6:
Singular-Hyperbolicity and Chaotic Behavior / 7.2.8:
Non-uniform Hyperbolicity / 7.3:
The Starting Point / 7.3.1:
The Hölder Property of the Projection / 7.3.2:
Integrability of the Global Return Time / 7.3.3:
Suspending Invariant Measures / 7.3.4:
Physical Measure for the Global Poincaré Map / 7.3.5:
Suspension Flow from the Poincaré Map / 7.3.6:
Physical Measures for the Suspension / 7.3.7:
Physical Measure for the Flow / 7.3.8:
Hyperbolicity of the Physical Measure / 7.3.9:
Absolutely Continuous Disintegration of the Physical Measure / 7.3.10:
Constructing the Disintegration / 7.3.11:
The Support Covers the Whole Attractor / 7.3.12:
Singular-Hyperbolicity and Volume / 8:
Dominated Decomposition and Zero Volume / 8.1:
Dominated Splitting and Regularity / 8.1.1:
Uniform Hyperbolicity / 8.1.2:
Singular-Hyperbolicity and Zero Volume / 8.2:
Positive Volume Versus Transitive Anosov Flows / 8.2.1:
Extension to Sectionally Expanding Attractors in Higher Dimensions / 8.2.3:
Global Dynamics of Generic 3-Flows / 9:
Spectral Decomposition / 9.1:
Some Consequences of the Generic Dichotomy / 9.2:
Generic 3-Flows, Lyapunov Stability and Singular-Hyperbolicity / 9.2.2:
Conservative Tubular Flow Theorem / 9.3:
Realizable Linear Flows / 9.3.2:
Blending Oseledets Directions Along an Orbit Segment / 9.3.3:
Lowering the Norm: Local Procedure / 9.3.4:
Lowering the Norm: Global Procedure / 9.3.5:
Proof of the Dichotomy with Singularities (Theorem 9.4) / 9.3.6:
Related Results and Recent Developments / 10:
More on Singular-Hyperbolicity / 10.1:
Topological Dynamics / 10.1.1:
Attractors that Resemble the Lorenz Attractor / 10.1.2:
Unfolding of Singular Cycles / 10.1.3:
Contracting Lorenz-Like Attractors / 10.1.4:
Dimension Theory, Ergodic and Statistical Properties / 10.1.5:
Large Deviations for the Lorenz Flow / 10.2.1:
Central Limit Theorem for the Lorenz Flow / 10.2.2:
Decay of Correlations / 10.2.3:
Decay of Correlations for the Return Map and Quantitative Recurrence on the Geometric Lorenz Flow / 10.2.4:
Non-mixing Flows and Slow Decay of Correlations / 10.2.5:
Decay of Correlations for Flows / 10.2 6:
Thermodynamical Formalism / 10.2.7:
Generic Conservative Flows in Dimension 3 / 10.3:
Lyapunov Stability on Generic Vector Fields / Appendix A:
Robustness of Dominated Decomposition / Appendix B:
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Organization of the Text / 1.1:
Preliminary Definitions and Results / 2:
91.
EB
John Harnad, John P. Harnad
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer New York, 2011
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Preface / John Harnad
References
Random Matrices, Random Processes and Integrable Models / Part I:
Random and Integrable Models in Mathematics and Physics / Pierre van Moerbeke1:
Permutations, Words, Generalized Permutations and Percolation / 1.1:
Longest Increasing Subsequences in Permutations, Words and Generalized Permutations / 1.1.1:
Young Diagrams and Schur Polynomials / 1.1.2:
Robinson-Schensted-Knuth Correspondence for Generalized Permutations / 1.1.3:
The Cauchy Identity / 1.1.4:
Uniform Probability on Permutations, Plancherel Measure and Random Walks / 1.1.5:
Probability Measure on Words / 1.1.6:
Generalized Permutations, Percolation and Growth Models / 1.1.7:
Probability on Partitions, Toeplitz and Fredholm Determinants / 1.2:
Probability on Partitions Expressed as Toeplitz Determinants / 1.2.1:
The Calculus of Infinite Wedge Spaces / 1.2.2:
Probability on Partitions Expressed as Fredholm Determinants / 1.2.3:
Probability on Partitions Expressed as U(n) Integrals / 1.2.4:
Examples / 1.3:
Plancherel Measure and Gessel's Theorem / 1.3.1:
Probability on Random Words / 1.3.2:
Percolation / 1.3.3:
Limit Theorems / 1.4:
Limit for Plancherel Measure / 1.4.1:
Limit Theorem for Longest Increasing Sequences / 1.4.2:
Limit Theorem for the Geometrically Distributed Percolation Model, when One Side of the Matrix Tends to $$$ / 1.4.3:
Limit Theorem for the Geometrically Distributed Percolation Model, when Both Sides of the Matrix Tend to $$$ / 1.4.4:
Limit Theorem for the Exponentially Distributed Percolation Model, when Both Sides of the Matrix tend to $$$ / 1.4.5:
Orthogonal Polynomials for a Time-Dependent Weight and the KP Equation / 1.5:
Orthogonal Polynomials / 1.5.1:
Time-Dependent Orthogonal Polynomials and the KP Equation / 1.5.2:
Virasoro Constraints / 1.6:
Virasoro Constraints for ?-Integrals / 1.6.1:
Random Matrices / 1.6.2:
Haar Measure on the Space Hn of Hermitian Matrices / 1.7.1:
Random Hermitian Ensemble / 1.7.2:
Reproducing Kernels / 1.7.3:
Correlations and Fredholm Determinants / 1.7.4:
The Distribution of Hermitian Matrix Ensembles / 1.8:
Classical Hermitian Matrix Ensembles / 1.8.1:
The Probability for the Classical Hermitian Random Ensembles and PDEs Generalizing Painlevé / l.8.2:
Chazy and Painlevé Equations / 8.3:
Large Hermitian Matrix Ensembles / 1.9:
Equilibrium Measure for GUE and Wigner's Semi-Circle / 1.9.1:
Soft Edge Scaling Limit for GUE and the Tracy-Widom Distribution / 1.9.2:
Integrable Systems, Random Matrices, and Random Processes / Mark Adler2:
Matrix Integrals and Solitons / 2.1:
Random Matrix Ensembles / 2.1.1:
Large n-limits / 2.1.2:
KP Hierarchy / 2.1.3:
Vertex Operators, Soliton Formulas and Fredholm Determinants / 2.1.4:
Virasoro Relations Satisfied by the Fredholm Determinant / 2.1.5:
Differential Equations for the Probability in Scaling Limits / 2.1.6:
Recursion Relations for Unitary Integrals / 2.2:
Results Concerning Unitary Integrals / 2.2.1:
Examples from Combinatorics / 2.2.2:
Bi-orthogonal Polynomials on the Circle and the Toeplitz Lattice / 2.2.3:
Virasoro Constraints and Difference Relations / 2.2.4:
Singularity Confinement of Recursion Relations / 2.2.5:
Coupled Random Matrices and the 2-Toda Lattice / 2.3:
Main Results for Coupled Random Matrices / 2.3.1:
Link with the 2-Toda Hierarchy / 2.3.2:
L-U Decomposition of the Moment Matrix, Bi-orthogonal Polynomials and 2-Toda Wave Operators / 2.3.3:
Bilinear Identities and $$$-function PDEs / 2.3.4:
Virasoro Constraints for the $$$- functions / 2.3.5:
Consequences of the Virasoro Relations / 2.3.6:
Final Equations / 2.3.7:
Dyson Brownian Motion and the Airy Process / 2.4:
Processes / 2.4.1:
PDEs and Asymptotics for the Processes / 2.4.2:
Proof of the Results / 2.4.3:
The Pearcey Distribution / 2.5:
GUE with an External Source and Brownian Motion / 2.5.1:
MOPS and a Riemann-Hilbert Problem / 2.5.2:
Results Concerning Universal Behavior / 2.5.3:
3-KP Deformation of the Random Matrix Problem / 2.5.4:
Virasoro Constraints for the Integrable Deformations / 2.5.5:
A PDE for the Gaussian Ensemble with External Source and the Pearcey PDE / 2.5.6:
A Hirota Symbol Residue Identity
Integral Operators in Random Matrix Theory / Harold WidowPart II:
Hilbert-Schmidt and Trace Class Operators. Trace and Determinant. Fredholm Determinants of Integral Operators / 3.1:
Correlation Functions and Kernels of Integral Operators. Spacing Distributions as Operator Determinants. The Sine and Airy Kernels / 3.2:
Differential Equations for Distribution Functions Arising in Random Matrix Theory. Representations in Terms of Painlevé functions / 3.3:
Lectures on Random Matrix Models / Pavel M. Bleher4:
Random Matrix Models and Orthogonal Polynomials / 4.1:
Unitary Ensembles of Random Matrices / 4.1.1:
The Riemann-Hilbert Problem for Orthogonal Polynomials / 4.1.2:
Distribution of Eigenvalues and Equilibrium Measure / 4.1.3:
Large N Asymptotics of Orthogonal Polynomials. The Riemann-Hilbert Approach / 4.2:
Heine's Formula for Orthogonal Polynomials / 4.2.1:
First Transformation of the RH Problem / 4.2.2:
Second Transformation of the RHP: Opening of Lenses / 4.2.3:
Model RHP / 4.2.4:
Construction of a Parametrix at Edge Points / 4.2.5:
Third and Final Transformation of the RHP / 4.2.6:
Solution of the RHP for Rn(z) / 4.2.7:
Asymptotics of the Recurrent Coefficients / 4.2.8:
Universality in the Random Matrix Model / 4.2.9:
Double Scaling Limit in a Random Matrix Model / 4.3:
Ansatz of the Double Scaling Limit / 4.3.1:
Construction of the Parametrix in ?WKB / 4.3.2:
Construction of the Parametrix near the Turning Points / 4.3.3:
Construction of the Parametrix near the Critical Point / 4.3.4:
Large N Asymptotics of the Partition Function of Random Matrix Models / 4.4:
Partition Function / 4.4.1:
Analyticity of the Free Energy for Regular V / 4.4.2:
Topological Expansion / 4.4.3:
One-Sided Analyticity at a Critical Point / 4.4.4:
Double Scaling Limit of the Free Energy / 4.4.5:
Random Matrix Model with External Source / 4.5:
Random Matrix Model with External Source and Multiple Orthogonal Polynomials / 4.5.1:
Gaussian Matrix Model with External Source and Non-Intersecting Brownian Bridges / 4.5.2:
Gaussian Model with External Source. Main Results / 4.5.3:
Construction of a Parametrix in the Case a > 1 / 4.5.4:
Construction of a Parametrix in the Case a < 1 / 4.5.5:
Double Scaling Limit at a = 1 / 4.5.6:
Concluding Remarks / 4.5.7:
Large N Asymptotics in Random Matrices / Alexander R, Its5:
The RH Representation of the Orthogonal Polynomials and Matrix Models / 5.1:
Introduction / 5.1.1:
The RH Representation of the Orthogonal Polynomials / 5.1.2:
Elements of the RH Theory / 5.1.3:
The Asymptotic Analysis of the RH Problem. The DKMVZ Method / 5.2:
A Naive Approach / 5.2.1:
The g-Function / 5.2.2:
Construction of the g-Function / 5.2.3:
The Parametrix at the End Points. The Conclusion of the Asymptotic Analysis / 5.3:
The Model Problem Near z = z0 / 5.3.1:
Solution of the Model Problem / 5.3.2:
The Final Formula for the Parametrix / 5.3.3:
The Conclusion of the Asymptotic Analysis / 5.3.4:
The Critical Case. The Double Scaling Limit and the Second Painlevé Equation / 5.4:
The Parametrix at z = 0 / 5.4.1:
The Conclusion of the Asymptotic Analysis in the Critical Case / 5.4.2:
Analysis of the RH Problem (1C)-(3C). The Second Painlevé Equation / 5.4.3:
The Painlevé Asymptotics of the Recurrence Coefficients / 5.4.4:
Formal Matrix Integrals and Combinatorics of Maps / B. Eynard6:
Formal Matrix Integrals / 6.1:
Combinatorics of Maps / 6.2.1:
Loop Equations / 6.2.2:
1-Matrix Model / 6.4:
2-Matrix Model / 6.4.2:
Chain of Matrices / 6.4.3:
Closed Chain of Matrices / 6.4.4:
O(n) Model / 6.4.5:
Potts Model / 6.4.6:
3-Color Model / 6.4.7:
6-Vertex Model / 6.4.8:
ADE Models / 6.4.9:
ABAB Models / 6.4.10:
Discussion / 6.5:
Summary of Some Known Results / 6.5.1:
Some Open Problems / 6.5.2:
Application of Random Matrix Theory to Multivariate Statistics / Momar Dieng ; Craig A. Tracy7:
Multivariate Statistics / 7.1:
Wishart Distribution / 7.1.1:
An Example with $$$ cIp / 7.1.2:
Edge Distribution Functions / 7.2:
Summary of Fredholm Determinant Representations / 7.2.1:
Universality Theorems / 7.2.2:
Painlevé Representations: A Summary / 7.3:
Preliminaries / 7.4:
Determinant Matters / 7.4.1:
Recursion Formula for the Eigenvalue Distributions / 7.4.2:
The Distribution of the mth Largest Eigenvalue in the GUE / 7.5:
The Distribution Function as a Fredholm Determinant / 7.5.1:
Edge Scaling and Differential Equations / 7.5.2:
The Distribution of the mth Largest Eigenvalue in the GSE / 7.6:
Gaussian Specialization / 7.6.1:
Edge Scaling / 7.6.3:
The Distribution of the mth Largest Eigenvalue in the GOE / 7.7:
An Interlacing Property / 7.7.1:
Numerics / 7.9:
Partial Derivatives of q(x, ?) / 7.9.1:
Algorithms / 7.9.2:
Tables / 7.9.3:
Index
Preface / John Harnad
References
Random Matrices, Random Processes and Integrable Models / Part I:
92.
EB
Brandau, Ottmar Brandau, Plastics Design Library.
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Elsevier ScienceDirect Books , William Andrew Publishing, 2012
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Acknowledgments
Editor's Note
Foreword to the Second Edition
PET Beverage Bottles / 1:
From the First Idea to the Finished Bottle / 1.1:
Development Over the Past 25-30 Years / 1.1.1:
Starting Point of a Product Development / 1.1.2:
Design Engineering / 1.1.3:
Determination of Bottle Properties / 1.2:
Top Load / 1.2.1:
Internal Pressure / 1.2.2:
Handling Stability / 1.2.3:
Stress Cracking / 1.2.4:
Barrier / 1.2.5:
Generating the First Design in CAD / 1.3:
The Bottle Design Already Exists / 1.3.1:
Creation of a New Design / 1.3.2:
From Shape to Full-Fledged Design for a Dependable Process / 1.4:
From the Ideal to the Real Preform / 1.4.1:
Bottle Design for a Dependable Process / 1.4.2:
Verification of the 3D Design Through Finite-element Simulation / 1.5:
What is FEM? / 1.5.1:
What FEM Can Do / 1.5.2:
What FEM Cannot Do / 1.5.3:
Selection of the Mold Concept to Meet Customer-specific Criteria / 1.6:
Shell Molds / 1.6.1:
Hot-fill Molds / 1.6.2:
Mold Design and Mold Manufacture / 1.7:
Mold Design / 1.7.1:
Mold Making / 1.7.2:
Mold Trials and Examination of Sample Bottles / 1.8:
Mold Trials on Laboratory Machines / 1.8.1:
Process Finding During Mold Trials / 1.8.2:
Laboratory Tests on Sample Bottles / 1.8.3:
PET Preforms / 2:
Introduction / 2.1:
Manufacture and States of PET / 2.2:
Manufacture of PET / 2.2.1:
Catalysts / 2.2.2:
PET is a Linear Condensation Polymer / 2.2.3:
Crystallization of PET / 2.2.4:
"Extended Chain" or "Oriented" Crystallization / 2.2.5:
Summary / 2.2.6:
Behavior in the Blow Mold 56 2.3.1 Natural stretch Ratio (or Natural Draw Ratio) / 2.3:
Manufacture of PET Preforms / 2.4:
Drying of PET / 2.4.1:
The Theory of Injection Molding of Preforms / 2.4.2:
Preforms for Single- and Two-stage Processing / 2.5:
Two-stage Process Injection Molding / 2.5.1:
Two-stage Process Blow Molding / 2.5.2:
Single-stage Process / 2.5.3:
Hot Runner Controls / 2.5.4:
Gate Mechanism / 2.5.5:
PET and Infrared Radiation / 2.6:
Practical Guide to Injection Molding of Preforms / 3:
Extrusion and Screw Control / 3.1:
Injection Parameters / 3.2:
Injection Pressure / 3.2.1:
Injection Speed and Time / 3.2.2:
Transition Point / 3.2.3:
Hold Time and Pressure / 3.2.4:
Decompression / 3.2.5:
Cooling Time / 3.2.6:
Gating / 3.2.7:
Postmold Cooling Devices / 3.2.8:
Machine Cycle Improvements / 3.2.9:
Optimizing the Injection Settings / 3.3:
Cycle Time Calculations / 3.4:
Challenges in Thin-wall Molding / 3.5:
Acetaldehyde in PET Bottles / 3.6:
AA Creation / 3.6.1:
AA in Water Bottles / 3.6.2:
AA-level Measurements / 3.6.3:
Injection Tooling / 3.7:
Cooling Issues / 3.8:
Antifreeze / 3.8.1:
Water Flow Balance / 3.8.2:
Tool Wear Issues / 3.9:
Closures for PET Bottles / 4:
Closure History / 4.1:
Closure Functions / 4.1.2:
Different Neck Finishes for Various Applications / 4.2:
Neck Finishes for CSD Bottles / 4.2.1:
Neck Finishes for Still Water Bottles / 4.2.2:
Neck Finishes for Hot-filled Products / 4.2.3:
Necks for Custom Bottles / 4.2.4:
Closure Types / 4.3:
One-piece Closures / 4.3.1:
Two-piece Closures / 4.3.2:
Sports Closures / 4.3.3:
Closures and Shelf Life / 4.3.4:
Multilayer Liners / 4.3.5:
Tamper-evident Bands / 4.4:
Construction Methods / 4.4.1:
Pilfer-proof Rings and Their Construction / 4.4.2:
Resins / 4.5:
Polypropylene / 4.5.1:
High-density Polyethylene / 4.5.2:
Manufacturing Methods / 4.6:
Injection Molding / 4.6.1:
Compression Molding / 4.6.2:
Comparison of TM-CM / 4.6.3:
Economic Guidelines / 4.7:
Test Procedures / 4.8:
Proper Application Test / 4.8.1:
Top-load Vent Test / 4.8.2:
Cold Removal Torque Test / 4.8.3:
Ambient Removal Torque Test / 4.8.4:
Cycle Test at Elevated Temperature / 4.8.5:
Vent/Flow Performance Test / 4.8.6:
Strip Torque Test / 4.8.7:
Carbonation Retention Non-top Load / 4.8.8:
Carbonation Retention at Elevated Temperature / 4.8.9:
Carbonation Retention with Top Load / 4.8.10:
Plastic Ball Impact Test / 4.8.11:
Drop Test / 4.8.12:
General IM Process Parameters for CSD Closures / 4.9:
Injection Time / 4.9.1:
Hold Time / 4.9.2:
Mold Closing and Opening Times / 4.9.3:
Ejection Time and Mold Opening Stroke / 4.9.5:
Plasticizing / 4.9.6:
Delay Times / 4.9.7:
Air Blast / 4.9.8:
Lightweigbing of Bottles and Caps / 4.10:
Lighter Necks / 4.10.1:
Lighter Caps / 4.10.2:
Specific Resins for Closure Production / Appendix A:
Index
Acknowledgments
Editor's Note
Foreword to the Second Edition
93.
EB
Brandau, Ottmar Brandau, Plastics Design Library.
出版情報:
Elsevier ScienceDirect Books Complete , William Andrew Publishing, 2012
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Acknowledgments
Editor's Note
Foreword to the Second Edition
PET Beverage Bottles / 1:
From the First Idea to the Finished Bottle / 1.1:
Development Over the Past 25-30 Years / 1.1.1:
Starting Point of a Product Development / 1.1.2:
Design Engineering / 1.1.3:
Determination of Bottle Properties / 1.2:
Top Load / 1.2.1:
Internal Pressure / 1.2.2:
Handling Stability / 1.2.3:
Stress Cracking / 1.2.4:
Barrier / 1.2.5:
Generating the First Design in CAD / 1.3:
The Bottle Design Already Exists / 1.3.1:
Creation of a New Design / 1.3.2:
From Shape to Full-Fledged Design for a Dependable Process / 1.4:
From the Ideal to the Real Preform / 1.4.1:
Bottle Design for a Dependable Process / 1.4.2:
Verification of the 3D Design Through Finite-element Simulation / 1.5:
What is FEM? / 1.5.1:
What FEM Can Do / 1.5.2:
What FEM Cannot Do / 1.5.3:
Selection of the Mold Concept to Meet Customer-specific Criteria / 1.6:
Shell Molds / 1.6.1:
Hot-fill Molds / 1.6.2:
Mold Design and Mold Manufacture / 1.7:
Mold Design / 1.7.1:
Mold Making / 1.7.2:
Mold Trials and Examination of Sample Bottles / 1.8:
Mold Trials on Laboratory Machines / 1.8.1:
Process Finding During Mold Trials / 1.8.2:
Laboratory Tests on Sample Bottles / 1.8.3:
PET Preforms / 2:
Introduction / 2.1:
Manufacture and States of PET / 2.2:
Manufacture of PET / 2.2.1:
Catalysts / 2.2.2:
PET is a Linear Condensation Polymer / 2.2.3:
Crystallization of PET / 2.2.4:
"Extended Chain" or "Oriented" Crystallization / 2.2.5:
Summary / 2.2.6:
Behavior in the Blow Mold 56 2.3.1 Natural stretch Ratio (or Natural Draw Ratio) / 2.3:
Manufacture of PET Preforms / 2.4:
Drying of PET / 2.4.1:
The Theory of Injection Molding of Preforms / 2.4.2:
Preforms for Single- and Two-stage Processing / 2.5:
Two-stage Process Injection Molding / 2.5.1:
Two-stage Process Blow Molding / 2.5.2:
Single-stage Process / 2.5.3:
Hot Runner Controls / 2.5.4:
Gate Mechanism / 2.5.5:
PET and Infrared Radiation / 2.6:
Practical Guide to Injection Molding of Preforms / 3:
Extrusion and Screw Control / 3.1:
Injection Parameters / 3.2:
Injection Pressure / 3.2.1:
Injection Speed and Time / 3.2.2:
Transition Point / 3.2.3:
Hold Time and Pressure / 3.2.4:
Decompression / 3.2.5:
Cooling Time / 3.2.6:
Gating / 3.2.7:
Postmold Cooling Devices / 3.2.8:
Machine Cycle Improvements / 3.2.9:
Optimizing the Injection Settings / 3.3:
Cycle Time Calculations / 3.4:
Challenges in Thin-wall Molding / 3.5:
Acetaldehyde in PET Bottles / 3.6:
AA Creation / 3.6.1:
AA in Water Bottles / 3.6.2:
AA-level Measurements / 3.6.3:
Injection Tooling / 3.7:
Cooling Issues / 3.8:
Antifreeze / 3.8.1:
Water Flow Balance / 3.8.2:
Tool Wear Issues / 3.9:
Closures for PET Bottles / 4:
Closure History / 4.1:
Closure Functions / 4.1.2:
Different Neck Finishes for Various Applications / 4.2:
Neck Finishes for CSD Bottles / 4.2.1:
Neck Finishes for Still Water Bottles / 4.2.2:
Neck Finishes for Hot-filled Products / 4.2.3:
Necks for Custom Bottles / 4.2.4:
Closure Types / 4.3:
One-piece Closures / 4.3.1:
Two-piece Closures / 4.3.2:
Sports Closures / 4.3.3:
Closures and Shelf Life / 4.3.4:
Multilayer Liners / 4.3.5:
Tamper-evident Bands / 4.4:
Construction Methods / 4.4.1:
Pilfer-proof Rings and Their Construction / 4.4.2:
Resins / 4.5:
Polypropylene / 4.5.1:
High-density Polyethylene / 4.5.2:
Manufacturing Methods / 4.6:
Injection Molding / 4.6.1:
Compression Molding / 4.6.2:
Comparison of TM-CM / 4.6.3:
Economic Guidelines / 4.7:
Test Procedures / 4.8:
Proper Application Test / 4.8.1:
Top-load Vent Test / 4.8.2:
Cold Removal Torque Test / 4.8.3:
Ambient Removal Torque Test / 4.8.4:
Cycle Test at Elevated Temperature / 4.8.5:
Vent/Flow Performance Test / 4.8.6:
Strip Torque Test / 4.8.7:
Carbonation Retention Non-top Load / 4.8.8:
Carbonation Retention at Elevated Temperature / 4.8.9:
Carbonation Retention with Top Load / 4.8.10:
Plastic Ball Impact Test / 4.8.11:
Drop Test / 4.8.12:
General IM Process Parameters for CSD Closures / 4.9:
Injection Time / 4.9.1:
Hold Time / 4.9.2:
Mold Closing and Opening Times / 4.9.3:
Ejection Time and Mold Opening Stroke / 4.9.5:
Plasticizing / 4.9.6:
Delay Times / 4.9.7:
Air Blast / 4.9.8:
Lightweigbing of Bottles and Caps / 4.10:
Lighter Necks / 4.10.1:
Lighter Caps / 4.10.2:
Specific Resins for Closure Production / Appendix A:
Index
Acknowledgments
Editor's Note
Foreword to the Second Edition
94.
EB
Claudius Gros
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Graph Theory and Small-World Networks / 1:
Graph Theory and Real-World Networks / 1.1:
The Small-World Effect / 1.1.1:
Basic Graph-Theoretical Concepts / 1.1.2:
Properties of Random Graphs / 1.1.3:
Generalized Random Graphs / 1.2:
Graphs with Arbitrary Degree Distributions / 1.2.1:
Probability Generating Function Formalism / 1.2.2:
Distribution of Component Sizes / 1.2.3:
Robustness of Random Networks / 1.3:
Small-World Models / 1.4:
Scale-Free Graphs / 1.5:
Exercises
Further Reading
Chaos, Bifurcations and Diffusion / 2:
Basic Concepts of Dynamical Systems Theory / 2.1:
The Logistic Map and Deterministic Chaos / 2.2:
Dissipation and Adaption / 2.3:
Dissipative Systems and Strange Attractors / 2.3.1:
Adaptive Systems / 2.3.2:
Diffusion and Transport / 2.4:
Random Walks, Diffusion and Lévy Flights / 2.4.1:
The Langevin Equation and Diffusion / 2.4.2:
Noise-Controlled Dynamics / 2.5:
Stochastic Escape / 2.5.1:
Stochastic Resonance / 2.5.2:
Dynamical Systems with Time Delays / 2.6:
Complexity and Information Theory / 3:
Probability Distribution Functions / 3.1:
The Law of Large Numbers / 3.1.1:
Time Series Characterization / 3.1.2:
Entropy and Information / 3.2:
Information Content of a Real-World Time Series / 3.2.1:
Mutual Information / 3.2.2:
Complexity Measures / 3.3:
Complexity and Predictability / 3.3.1:
Algorithmic and Generative Complexity / 3.3.2:
Random Boolean Networks / 4:
Introduction / 4.1:
Random Variables and Networks / 4.2:
Boolean Variables and Graph Topologies / 4.2.1:
Coupling Functions / 4.2.2:
Dynamics / 4.2.3:
The Dynamics of Boolean Networks / 4.3:
The Flow of Information Through the Network / 4.3.1:
The Mean-Field Phase Diagram / 4.3.2:
The Bifurcation Phase Diagram / 4.3.3:
Scale-Free Boolean Networks / 4.3.4:
Cycles and Attractors / 4.4:
Quenched Boolean Dynamics / 4.4.1:
The K = 1 Kauffman Network / 4.4.2:
The K = 2 Kauffman Network / 4.4.3:
The K = N Kauffman Network / 4.4.4:
Applications / 4.5:
Living at the Edge of Chaos / 4.5.1:
The Yeast Cell Cycle / 4.5.2:
Application to Neural Networks / 4.5.3:
Cellular Automata and Self-Organized Criticality / 5:
The Landau Theory of Phase Transitions / 5.1:
Criticality in Dynamical Systems / 5.2:
1/f Noise / 5.2.1:
Cellular Automata / 5.3:
Conway's Game of Life / 5.3.1:
The Forest Fire Model / 5.3.2:
The Sandpile Model and Self-Organized Criticality / 5.4:
Random Branching Theory / 5.5:
Branching Theory of Self-Organized Criticality / 5.5.1:
Galton-Watson Processes / 5.5.2:
Application to Long-Term Evolution / 5.6:
Darwinian Evolution, Hypercycles and Game Theory / 6:
Mutations and Fitness in a Static Environment / 6.1:
Deterministic Evolution / 6.3:
Evolution Equations / 6.3.1:
Beanbag Genetics - Evolutions Without Epistasis / 6.3.2:
Epistatic Interactions and the Error Catastrophe / 6.3.3:
Finite Populations and Stochastic Escape / 6.4:
Strong Selective Pressure and Adaptive Climbing / 6.4.1:
Adaptive Climbing Versus Stochastic Escape / 6.4.2:
Prebiotic Evolution / 6.5:
Quasispecies Theory / 6.5.1:
Hypercycles and Autocatalytic Networks / 6.5.2:
Coevolution and Game Theory / 6.6:
Synchronization Phenomena / 7:
Frequency Locking / 7.1:
Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators / 7.2:
Synchronization with Time Delays / 7.3:
Synchronization via Aggregate Averaging / 7.4:
Synchronization via Causal Signaling / 7.5:
Synchronization and Object Recognition in Neural Networks / 7.6:
Synchronization Phenomena in Epidemics / 7.7:
Elements of Cognitive Systems Theory / 8:
Foundations of Cognitive Systems Theory / 8.1:
Basic Requirements for the Dynamics / 8.2.1:
Cognitive Information Processing Versus Diffusive Control / 8.2.2:
Basic Layout Principles / 8.2.3:
Learning and Memory Representations / 8.2.4:
Motivation, Benchmarks and Diffusive Emotional Control / 8.3:
Cognitive Tasks / 8.3.1:
Internal Benchmarks / 8.3.2:
Competitive Dynamics and Winning Coalitions / 8.4:
General Considerations / 8.4.1:
Associative Thought Processes / 8.4.2:
Autonomous Online Learning / 8.4.3:
Environmental Model Building / 8.5:
The Elman Simple Recurrent Network / 8.5.1:
Universal Prediction Tasks / 8.5.2:
Solutions / 9:
Solutions to the Exercises of Chapter 1
Solutions to the Exercises of Chapter 2
Solutions to the Exercises of Chapter 3
Solutions to the Exercises of Chapter 4
Solutions to the Exercises of Chapter 5
Solutions to the Exercises of Chapter 6
Solutions to the Exercises of Chapter 7
Solutions to the Exercises of Chapter 8
Index
Graph Theory and Small-World Networks / 1:
Graph Theory and Real-World Networks / 1.1:
The Small-World Effect / 1.1.1:
95.
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Jin-Kuk Kim, Kaushik Pal
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Overview of Wood-Plastic Composites and Uses / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Why WPC? / 1.2:
What is Wood? / 1.3:
Molecular Level / 1.3.1:
WPC in Automotive Applications: A Case Study / 1.4:
Impact of WPC on Humanity / 1.5:
Shopping / 1.5.1:
Grocery Cart versus Dent-Resistant Body Panel / 1.5.2:
Packaging / 1.5.3:
Light Weighting / 1.5.4:
Home Construction / 1.5.5:
End Life of WPC / 1.6:
Mechanical Recycling / 1.6.1:
Feedstock Recycling / 1.6.2:
Source Reduction / 1.6.3:
References
Surface Modifications in WPC with Pre-Treatment Methods / 2:
Polymers Used in WPC / 2.1:
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) / 2.2.1:
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) / 2.2.2:
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) / 2.2.3:
Polypropylene (PP) / 2.2.4:
Polystyrene (PS) / 2.2.5:
What is Coupling Agents? / 2.3:
Classification of Coupling Agents / 2.4:
Acrylates / 2.4.1:
Amides and Imides / 2.4.2:
Anhydrides / 2.4.3:
Chlorotriazines and its Derivatives / 2.4.4:
Epoxides / 2.4.5:
Isocyanates / 2.4.6:
Grafting of Monomers / 2.4.7:
Polymers and Copolymers / 2.4.8:
Physical Treatments / 2.5:
Forces Involved in Adhesion / 2.5.1:
Mechanism of Adhesion with Respect to WPC / 2.5.2:
Plasma & Corona Treatment / 2.5.3:
Ozone Treatment / 2.5.4:
Chemical Treatments / 2.6:
Steam Explosion / 2.6.1:
Alkali Treatment / 2.6.2:
Stearic Acid and Wax Treatment / 2.6.3:
Some Novel (Enzymatic) Treatments / 2.7:
Process and Machinery Used for WPC / 3:
The Manufacturing Process / 3.1:
Polymer Matrix Composites / 3.2:
Resins / 3.2.1:
Thermosets / 3.2.2:
Thermoplastics / 3.2.3:
Reinforcements / 3.2.4:
Major Processes Involved for Composite Preparation / 3.3:
Description of Shaping Processes / 3.4:
Resin Formulation / 3.4.1:
Prepregging / 3.4.2:
Wet Filament Winding / 3.4.3:
Hand Lay-Up of Prepreg / 3.4.4:
Automated Tape Placement / 3.4.5:
Resin Transfer Molding / 3.4.6:
Pultrusion / 3.4.7:
Vacuum Bagging, Autoclave Cure / 3.4.8:
Operating Variables Affecting WPC Microcellular Foams / 3.5:
Injection Molding / 3.5.1:
Extrusion / 3.5.2:
Rheotens / 3.5.3:
Recent Past about WPC Work / 4:
Wood-fiber/Plastic Composites (WPCs) / 4.1:
Flammability of WPC / 4.2:
Polymeric Foams / 4.3:
Introduction of Polymeric Foams / 4.3.1:
Blowing Agents / 4.3.2:
Procedure / 4.3.3:
Fundamentals in Polymeric Foaming / 4.3.4:
Mechanical Properties / 4.3.5:
Thermoplastic Elastomers Foams / 4.3.6:
Effect of Compatibilizers in WPC Composites / 5:
Preparation PP/Wood-Fiber Composites by Twin Screw Extruder / 5.1:
Blending Process / 5.2.1:
Preparation and Analysis of Wood-Fiber/PP Composite Foams / 5.2.2:
Effect of Screw Configurations / 5.3:
Effect of Screw Speed / 5.4:
Effect of Silica Content / 5.5:
Effect of Various Compatibilizers / 5.6:
Effect of Compatibilizer on Crystallinity / 5.6.1:
Effect of Compatibilizers on Rheological Properties of PP/WF Composites / 5.6.2:
Effect of Compatibilizer on the Mechanical Properties and Morphology of PP/WF Composites / 5.6.3:
Effect of Compatibilizer on the Foaming Properties of PP/WF Composites / 5.6.4:
Flammability in WPC Composites / 6:
Preparation Wood-Fiber/PP Composites by Twin Screw Extruder / 6.1:
Mechanical Properties of PP/Wood Fibre Composites / 6.3:
Flame Retardancy of PP/Wood Fibre Composites / 6.5:
Thermal Degradation of PP/Wood Fibre Composites / 6.6:
Cone Calorimeter Study of PP/Wood Fibre Composites / 6.7:
SEM Morphological Observation / 6.8:
Batch Physical Foaming / 6.9:
Effect of APP and Silica / 6.9.1:
Effect of Saturation Pressure / 6.9.2:
Effect of Saturation Temperature / 6.9.3:
Expanded Wood Polymer Composites / 7:
Chemical Blowing Agents / 7.1:
Super Critical Foaming / 7.3:
Other Techniques / 7.4:
Microcellular Foaming Procedure / 7.5:
Free Foaming Extrusion Process / 7.5.1:
Batch Process / 7.5.2:
Factors and Problems Affecting Foaming of Wood Polymer Composites / 7.5.3:
Wood Plastic Composite Foam Applications / 8:
Wood-Fibre/Plastic Composite Foams (WPCs Foams) / 8.1:
Preparation of Expanded Wood-Fiber/PP Composite Pellet / 8.3:
Preparation of WPC Foamed Board / 8.5:
Effect of Temperature on the Density of WPC Foamed Board / 8.6:
Effect of Pressure on the Density of WPC Foamed Board / 8.7:
Effect of Plate Temperature on the Density of WPC Foamed Board / 8.8:
Conclusions / 9:
Index
Overview of Wood-Plastic Composites and Uses / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
Why WPC? / 1.2:
96.
図書
Guozhong Cao, Ying Wang
目次情報:
続きを見る
Preface to the Second Edition
Introduction / Chapter 1:
Emergence of Nanotechnology / 1.1:
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches / 1.3:
Challenges in Nanotechnology / 1.4:
Scope of the Book / 1.5:
References
Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces / Chapter 2:
Surface Energy / 2.1:
Chemical Potential as a Function of Surface Curvature / 2.3:
Electrostatic Stabilization / 2.4:
Surface charge density / 2.4.1:
Electric potential at the proximity of solid surface / 2.4.2:
Van der Waals attraction potential / 2.4.3:
Interactions between two particles: DLVO theory / 2.4.4:
Steric Stabilization / 2.5:
Solvent and polymer / 2.5.1:
Interactions between polymer layers / 2.5.2:
Mixed steric and electric interactions / 2.5.3:
Summary / 2.6:
Zero-Dimensional Nanostructures: Nanoparticles / Chapter 3:
Nanoparticles Through Homogeneous Nucleation / 3.1:
Fundamentals of homogeneous nucleation / 3.2.1:
Subsequent growth of nuclei / 3.2.2:
Growth controlled by diffusion / 3.2.2.1:
Growth controlled by surface process / 3.2.2.2:
Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles / 3.2.3:
Influences of reduction reagents / 3.2.3.1:
Influences by other factors / 3.2.3.2:
Influences of polymer stabilizer / 3.2.3.3:
Synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles / 3.2.4:
Synthesis of oxide nanoparticles / 3.2.5:
Introduction to sol-gel processing / 3.2.5.1:
Forced hydrolysis / 3.2.5.2:
Controlled release of ions / 3.2.5.3:
Vapor phase reactions / 3.2.6:
Solid-state phase segregation / 3.2.7:
Nanoparticles Through Heterogeneous Nucleation / 3.3:
Fundamentals of heterogeneous nucleation / 3.3.1:
Synthesis of nanoparticles / 3.3.2:
Kinetically Confined Synthesis of Nanoparticles / 3.4:
Synthesis inside micelles or using microemulsions / 3.4.1:
Aerosol synthesis / 3.4.2:
Growth termination / 3.4.3:
Spray pyrolysis / 3.4.4:
Template-based synthesis / 3.4.5:
Epitaxial Core-Shell Nanoparticles / 3.5:
One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Nanowires and Nanorods / 3.6:
Spontaneous Growth / 4.1:
Evaporation (dissolution)-condensation growth / 4.2.1:
Fundamentals of evaporation (dissolution)-condensation growth / 4.2.1.1:
Evaporation-condensation growth / 4.2.1.2:
Dissolution-condensation growth / 4.2.1.3:
Vapor (or solution)-liquid-solid (VLS or SLS) growth / 4.2.2:
Fundamental aspects of VLS and SLS growth / 4.2.2.1:
VLS growth of various nanowires / 4.2.2.2:
Control of the size of nanowires / 4.2.2.3:
Precursors and catalysts / 4.2.2.4:
Solution-liquid-solid growth / 4.2.2.5:
Stress-induced recrystallization / 4.2.3:
Template-Based Synthesis / 4.3:
Electrochemical deposition / 4.3.1:
Electrophoretic deposition / 4.3.2:
Template filling / 4.3.3:
Colloidal dispersion filling / 4.3.3.1:
Melt and solution filling / 4.3.3.2:
Chemical vapor deposition / 4.3.3.3:
Deposition by centrifugation / 4.3.3.4:
Converting through chemical reactions / 4.3.4:
Electrospinning / 4.4:
Lithography / 4.5:
Two-Dimensional Nanostructures: Thin Films / 4.6:
Fundamentals of Film Growth / 5.1:
Vacuum Science / 5.3:
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) / 5.4:
Evaporation / 5.4.1:
Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) / 5.4.2:
Sputtering / 5.4.3:
Comparison of evaporation and sputtering / 5.4.4:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) / 5.5:
Typical chemical reactions / 5.5.1:
Reaction kinetics / 5.5.2:
Transport phenomena / 5.5.3:
CVD methods / 5.5.4:
Diamond films by CVD / 5.5.5:
Atomic Layer Deposition / 5.6:
Superlattices / 5.7:
Self-Assembly / 5.8:
Monolayers of organosilicon or alkylsilane derivatives / 5.8.1:
Monolayers of alkanethiols and sulfides / 5.8.2:
Monolayers of carboxylic acids, amines, and alcohols / 5.8.3:
Langmuir-Blodgett Films / 5.9:
Electrochemical Deposition / 5.10:
Sol-Gel Films / 5.11:
Special Nanomaterials / 5.12:
Carbon Fullerenes and Nanotubes / 6.1:
Carbon fullerenes / 6.2.1:
Fullerene-derived crystals / 6.2.2:
Carbon nanotubes / 6.2.3:
Micro and Mesoporous Materials / 6.3:
Ordered mesoporous structures / 6.3.1:
Random mesoporous structures / 6.3.2:
Crystalline microporous materials: Zeolites / 6.3.3:
Core-Shell Structures / 6.4:
Metal-oxide structures / 6.4.1:
Metal-polymer structures / 6.4.2:
Oxide-polymer nanostructures / 6.4.3:
Organic-Inorganic Hybrids / 6.5:
Class 1 hybrids / 6.5.1:
Class 2 hybrids / 6.5.2:
Intercalation Compounds / 6.6:
Nanocomposites and Nanograined Materials / 6.7:
Inverse Opals / 6.8:
Bio-Induced Nanomaterials / 6.9:
Nanostructures Fabricated by Physical Techniques / 6.10:
Photolithography / 7.1:
Phase-shifting photolithography / 7.2.2:
Electron beam lithography / 7.2.3:
X-ray lithography / 7.2.4:
Focused ion beam (FIB) lithography / 7.2.5:
Neutral atomic beam lithography / 7.2.6:
Nanomanipulation and Nanolithography / 7.3:
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) / 7.3.1:
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) / 7.3.2:
Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) / 7.3.3:
Nanomanipulation / 7.3.4:
Nanolithography / 7.3.5:
Soft Lithography / 7.4:
Microcontact printing / 7.4.1:
Molding / 7.4.2:
Nanoimprint / 7.4.3:
Dip-pen nanolithography / 7.4.4:
Assembly of Nanoparticles and Nanowires / 7.5:
Capillary forces / 7.5.1:
Dispersion interactions / 7.5.2:
Shear-force-assisted assembly / 7.5.3:
Electric-field-assisted assembly / 7.5.4:
Covalently linked assembly / 7.5.5:
Gravitational-field-assisted assembly / 7.5.6:
Template-assisted assembly / 7.5.7:
Other Methods for Microfabrication / 7.6:
Characterization and Properties of Nanomaterials / 7.7:
Structural Characterization / 8.1:
X-ray diffraction (XRD) / 8.2.1:
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) / 8.2.2:
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) / 8.2.3:
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) / 8.2.4:
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) / 8.2.5:
Gas adsorption / 8.2.6:
Chemical Characterization / 8.3:
Optical spectroscopy / 8.3.1:
Electron spectroscopy / 8.3.2:
Ion spectrometry / 8.3.3:
Physical Properties of Nanomaterials / 8.4:
Melting points and lattice constants / 8.4.1:
Mechanical properties / 8.4.2:
Optical properties / 8.4.3:
Surface plasmon resonance / 8.4.3.1:
Quantum size effects / 8.4.3.2:
Electrical conductivity / 8.4.4:
Surface scattering / 8.4.4.1:
Change of electronic structure / 8.4.4.2:
Quantum transport / 8.4.4.3:
Effect of microstructure / 8.4.4.4:
Ferroelectrics and dielectrics / 8.4.5:
Superparamagnetism / 8.4.6:
Applications of Nanomaterials / 8.5:
Molecular Electronics and Nanoelectronics / 9.1:
Nanobots / 9.3:
Biological Applications of Nanoparticles / 9.4:
Catalysis by Gold Nanoparticles / 9.5:
Bandgap Engineered Quantum Devices / 9.6:
Quantum well devices / 9.6.1:
Quantum dot devices / 9.6.2:
Nanomechanics / 9.7:
Carbon Nanotube Emitters / 9.8:
Energy Applications of Nanomaterials / 9.9:
Photoelectrochemical cells / 9.9.1:
Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries / 9.9.2:
Hydrogen storage / 9.9.3:
Thermoelectrics / 9.9.4:
Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials / 9.10:
Photonic Crystals and Plasmon Waveguides / 9.11:
Photonic crystals / 9.11.1:
Plasmon waveguides / 9.11.2:
Appendices / 9.12:
Index
Preface to the Second Edition
Introduction / Chapter 1:
Emergence of Nanotechnology / 1.1:
97.
EB
Berrou, Claude Berrou
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Paris, 2010
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Contributors
Foreword
Introduction / 1:
Digital messages / 1.1:
A first code / 1.2:
Hard input decoding and soft input decoding / 1.3:
Hard output decoding and soft output decoding / 1.4:
The performance measure / 1.5:
What is a good code? / 1.6:
Families of codes / 1.7:
Digital communications / 2:
Digital Modulations / 2.1:
Linear Memoryless Modulations / 2.1.1:
Memoryless modulation with M states (M-FSK) / 2.1.3:
Modulations with memory by continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) / 2.1.4:
Structure and performance of the optimal receiver on a Gaussian channel / 2.2:
Structure of the coherent receiver / 2.2.1:
Performance of the coherent receiver / 2.2.2:
Transmission on a band-limited channel / 2.3:
Intersymbol interference / 2.3.1:
Condition of absence of ISI: Nyquist criterion / 2.3.3:
Expression of the error probability in presence of Nyquist filtering / 2.3.4:
Transmission on fading channels / 2.4:
Characterization of a fading channel / 2.4.1:
Transmission on non-frequency-selective slow-fading channels / 2.4.2:
Theoretical limits / 3:
Information theory / 3.1:
Transmission channel / 3.1.1:
An example: the binary symmetric channel / 3.1.2:
Overview of the fundamental coding theorem / 3.1.3:
Geometrical interpretation / 3.1.4:
Random coding / 3.1.5:
Theoretical limits to performance / 3.2:
Binary input and real output channel / 3.2.1:
Capacity of a transmission channel / 3.2.2:
Practical limits to performance / 3.3:
Gaussian binary input channel / 3.3.1:
Gaussian continuous input channel / 3.3.2:
Some examples of limits / 3.3.3:
Minimum distances required / 3.4:
MHD required with 4-PSK modulation / 3.4.1:
MHD required with 8-PSK modulation / 3.4.2:
MHD required with 16-QAM modulation / 3.4.3:
Bibliography
Block codes / 4:
Block codes with binary symbols / 4.1:
Generator matrix of a binary block code / 4.1.1:
Dual code and parity check matrix / 4.1.2:
Minimum distance / 4.1.3:
Extended codes and shortened codes / 4.1.4:
Product codes / 4.1.5:
Examples of binary block codes / 4.1.6:
Cyclic codes / 4.1.7:
Block codes with non-binary symbols / 4.2:
Reed-Solomon codes / 4.2.1:
Implementing the encoder / 4.2.2:
Decoding and performance of codes with binary symbols / 4.3:
Error detection / 4.3.1:
Error correction / 4.3.2:
Decoding and performance of codes with non-binary symbols / 4.4:
Hard input decoding of Reed-Solomon codes / 4.4.1:
Peterson's direct method / 4.4.2:
Iterative method / 4.4.3:
Hard input decoding performance of Reed-Solomon codes / 4.4.4:
Appendix: Notions about Galois fields and minimal polynomials
Convolutional codes and their decoding / 5:
History / 5.1:
Representations of convolutional codes / 5.2:
Generic representation of a convolutional encoder / 5.2.1:
Polynomial representation / 5.2.2:
Tree of a code / 5.2.3:
Trellis of a code / 5.2.4:
State machine of a code / 5.2.5:
Code distances and performance / 5.3:
Choosing a good code / 5.3.1:
RTZ sequences / 5.3.2:
Transfer function and distance spectrum / 5.3.3:
Performance / 5.3.4:
Decoding convolutional codes / 5.4:
Model of the transmission chain and notations / 5.4.1:
The Viterbi algorithm / 5.4.2:
The Maximum A Posteriori algorithm or MAP algorithm / 5.4.3:
Convolutional block codes / 5.5:
Trellis termination / 5.5.1:
Puncturing / 5.5.2:
Concatenated codes / 6:
Parallel concatenation and serial concatenation / 6.1:
Parallel concatenation and LDPC codes / 6.2:
Permutations / 6.3:
Turbo crossword / 6.4:
Convolutional turbo codes / 7:
The history of turbo codes / 7.1:
Multiple concatenation of RSC codes / 7.2:
Turbo codes / 7.3:
Termination of constituent codes / 7.3.1:
The permutation function / 7.3.2:
Decoding turbo codes / 7.4:
Turbo decoding / 7.4.1:
SISO decoding and extrinsic information / 7.4.2:
Practical considerations / 7.4.3:
m-binary turbo codes / 7.5:
m-binary RSC encoders / 7.5.1:
Analysis tools / 7.5.2:
Theoretical performance / 7.6.1:
Asymptotic behaviour / 7.6.2:
Convergence / 7.6.3:
Turbo product codes / 8:
Hard input decoding of product codes / 8.1:
Row-column decoding / 8.3.1:
The Reddy-Robinson algorithm / 8.3.2:
Soft input decoding of product codes / 8.4:
The Chase algorithm with weighted input / 8.4.1:
Performance of the Chase-Pyndiah algorithm / 8.4.2:
The Fang-Battail algorithm / 8.4.3:
The Hartmann-Nazarov algorithm / 8.4.4:
Other soft input decoding algorithms / 8.4.5:
Implantation of the Chase-Pyndiah algorithm / 8.5:
LDPC codes / 9:
Principle of LDPC codes / 9.1:
Parity check code / 9.1.1:
Definition of an LDPC code / 9.1.2:
Encoding / 9.1.3:
Decoding LDPC codes / 9.1.4:
Random construction of LDPC codes / 9.1.5:
Some geometrical constructions of LDPC codes / 9.1.6:
Architecture for decoding LDPC codes for the Gaussian channel / 9.2:
Analysis of the complexity / 9.2.1:
Architecture of a generic node processor (GNP) / 9.2.2:
Generic architecture for message propagation / 9.2.3:
Combining parameters of the architecture / 9.2.4:
Example of synthesis of an LDPC decoder architecture / 9.2.5:
Sub-optimal decoding algorithm / 9.2.6:
Influence of quantization / 9.2.7:
State of the art of published LDPC decoder architectures / 9.2.8:
Turbo codes and large spectral efficiency transmissions / 10:
Turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) / 10.1:
Pragmatic turbo coded modulation / 10.2:
The turbo principle applied to equalization and detection / 11:
Turbo equalization / 11.1:
Multipath channels and intersymbol interference / 11.1.1:
The equalization function / 11.1.2:
Combining equalization and decoding / 11.1.3:
Principle of turbo equalization / 11.1.4:
MAP turbo equalization / 11.1.5:
MMSE turbo equalization / 11.1.6:
Multi-user turbo detection and its application to CDMA systems / 11.2:
Introduction and some notations / 11.2.1:
Multi-user detection / 11.2.2:
Turbo CDMA / 11.2.3:
Conclusions / 11.3:
Index
Contributors
Foreword
Introduction / 1:
98.
EB
Mumtaz Siddiqui, Thomas Fahringer, Takeo Kanade
出版情報:
Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Overview / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Motivation / 1.1:
Collaboration Instead of Isolation / 1.1.1:
Discovery and Selection / 1.1.2:
Lifecycle Management / 1.1.3:
On-Demand Provisioning / 1.1.4:
Role of Planning / 1.1.5:
Service-Level Agreement / 1.1.6:
Optimized Resource Allocation / 1.1.7:
Synthesis and Aggregation / 1.1.8:
Grid Enablement / 1.1.9:
Portability / 1.1.10:
Semantics in the Grid / 1.1.11:
Research Goals / 1.2:
Automatic Resource Brokerage / 1.2.1:
Dynamic Registration and Automatic Deployment / 1.2.2:
Advance Reservation and Co-allocation / 1.2.3:
Capacity Management and Planning / 1.2.4:
Standard Adaptation / 1.2.5:
Organization / 1.3:
Part 1: Overview / 1.3.1:
Part 2: Brokerage / 1.3.2:
Part 3: Planning / 1.3.3:
Part 4: Semantics / 1.3.4:
Part 5: Conclusion / 1.3.5:
Appendices / 1.3.6:
Model / 2:
The Grid / 2.1:
Characteristics / 2.1.1:
Layers / 2.1.2:
Architectures / 2.1.3:
Resources and Applications / 2.2:
Activities / 2.2.1:
Workflows / 2.2.2:
Grid Node / 2.2.3:
Grid Operating Environment / 2.3:
Open Grid Services Architecture / 2.3.1:
WS-Resource Framework / 2.3.2:
Globus Toolkit / 2.3.3:
Askalon: A Grid Runtime Environment / 2.4:
Workflow Composition / 2.4.1:
Resource Management / 2.4.2:
Workflow Scheduling / 2.4.3:
Workflow Enactment / 2.4.4:
Performance Prediction and Analysis / 2.4.5:
Semantic Grid / 2.5:
Ontology / 2.5.1:
Web Ontology Language / 2.5.2:
Ontology Query Language / 2.5.3:
Provisioning / 2.6:
Allocation Negotiation / 2.6.2:
Capacity Planning / 2.6.3:
Manageability Models / 2.6.4:
Summary / 2.7:
Brokerage / Part II:
Grid Resource Management and Brokerage System / 3:
Architectural Overview / 3.1:
Node Management / 3.2.1:
Activity Management / 3.2.3:
Allocation Management / 3.2.4:
System Model / 3.3:
Resource Discoverer / 3.3.1:
Candidate Set Generator / 3.3.2:
Resource Synthesizer / 3.3.3:
Resource Selector / 3.3.4:
A Steady System with Proportional Distribution / 3.3.5:
Implementation / 3.4:
Customization / 3.4.1:
Superpeer / 3.4.2:
Experiments and Evaluation / 3.4.3:
Related Work / 3.6:
Grid Activity Registration, Deployment and Provisioning Framework / 3.7:
On-Demand Provisioning Motivation / 4.1:
An Example Using Bare Grid / 4.2.1:
GLARE-Based Solution / 4.2.2:
Activity Manager / 4.3:
Deployment Manager / 4.3.2:
Activity Type Registry / 4.3.3:
Activity Deployment Registry / 4.3.4:
Automatic Deployment Using Expect / 4.4:
Static and Dynamic Registration / 4.4.2:
Self-Management and Fault Tolerance / 4.4.3:
Planning / 4.5:
Allocation Management with Advance Reservation and Service-Level Agreement / 5:
Agreement / 5.1:
Agreement Lifecycle / 5.2.2:
Negotiation / 5.3:
Attentive Allocation / 5.3.1:
Progressive Allocation / 5.3.2:
Share-Based Allocation / 5.3.3:
Allocator / 5.4:
Co-allocator / 5.4.2:
Agreement Enforcement / 5.4.3:
Priority Provision / 5.4.4:
Standards Adaptation / 5.4.5:
Optimizing Multi-Constrained Allocations with Capacity Planning / 5.5:
Allocation Problem / 6.1:
Multi-Constrained Optimization / 6.2.2:
Negotiation Protocol / 6.3:
Allocation Offer Generation / 6.3.1:
Co-allocation Offer Generation / 6.3.2:
Contention Elimination / 6.3.3:
Cost Model / 6.3.4:
Semantics / 6.4:
Semantics in the Grid: Towards Ontology-Based Resource Provisioning / 7:
Describing Resources with Semantics / 7.1:
Concept Description / 7.2.1:
Architectural Extension / 7.3:
Resource Ontologies / 7.4:
Physical Resource Ontology / 7.4.1:
Resource Ensembles / 7.4.2:
Logical Resource Ontology / 7.4.3:
Discovering Resources with Semantics / 7.5:
Subsumption-Based Resource Matching / 7.6:
Evaluation / 7.7:
Subsumption: An Example / 7.7.1:
Semantics-Based Activity Synthesis: Improving On-Demand Provisioning and Planning / 7.8:
Synthesis Model / 8.1:
Ontology Rules / 8.3.1:
Activity Synthesis Problem / 8.3.2:
Applying Patterns for Activity Synthesis / 8.4:
Sequential Flow Patterns / 8.4.1:
Parallel Flow Patterns / 8.4.2:
Built-Ins and Constraints / 8.5:
Assumptions and Effects / 8.5.2:
Improving Capacity Planning / 8.6:
Discussion and Experiments / 8.7:
Conclusion / 8.8:
Resource Management Model / 9:
Towards Automatic Resource Management / 9.2:
Negotiation for Service-Level Agreement (SLA) / 9.3:
Multi-Constrained Optimization and Capacity Planning / 9.5:
Future Research / 9.6:
A Notations
References
Index
Overview / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Motivation / 1.1:
99.
EB
Mumtaz Siddiqui, Thomas Fahringer, Takeo Kanade, Josef Kittler
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SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Overview / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Motivation / 1.1:
Collaboration Instead of Isolation / 1.1.1:
Discovery and Selection / 1.1.2:
Lifecycle Management / 1.1.3:
On-Demand Provisioning / 1.1.4:
Role of Planning / 1.1.5:
Service-Level Agreement / 1.1.6:
Optimized Resource Allocation / 1.1.7:
Synthesis and Aggregation / 1.1.8:
Grid Enablement / 1.1.9:
Portability / 1.1.10:
Semantics in the Grid / 1.1.11:
Research Goals / 1.2:
Automatic Resource Brokerage / 1.2.1:
Dynamic Registration and Automatic Deployment / 1.2.2:
Advance Reservation and Co-allocation / 1.2.3:
Capacity Management and Planning / 1.2.4:
Standard Adaptation / 1.2.5:
Organization / 1.3:
Part 1: Overview / 1.3.1:
Part 2: Brokerage / 1.3.2:
Part 3: Planning / 1.3.3:
Part 4: Semantics / 1.3.4:
Part 5: Conclusion / 1.3.5:
Appendices / 1.3.6:
Model / 2:
The Grid / 2.1:
Characteristics / 2.1.1:
Layers / 2.1.2:
Architectures / 2.1.3:
Resources and Applications / 2.2:
Activities / 2.2.1:
Workflows / 2.2.2:
Grid Node / 2.2.3:
Grid Operating Environment / 2.3:
Open Grid Services Architecture / 2.3.1:
WS-Resource Framework / 2.3.2:
Globus Toolkit / 2.3.3:
Askalon: A Grid Runtime Environment / 2.4:
Workflow Composition / 2.4.1:
Resource Management / 2.4.2:
Workflow Scheduling / 2.4.3:
Workflow Enactment / 2.4.4:
Performance Prediction and Analysis / 2.4.5:
Semantic Grid / 2.5:
Ontology / 2.5.1:
Web Ontology Language / 2.5.2:
Ontology Query Language / 2.5.3:
Provisioning / 2.6:
Allocation Negotiation / 2.6.2:
Capacity Planning / 2.6.3:
Manageability Models / 2.6.4:
Summary / 2.7:
Brokerage / Part II:
Grid Resource Management and Brokerage System / 3:
Architectural Overview / 3.1:
Node Management / 3.2.1:
Activity Management / 3.2.3:
Allocation Management / 3.2.4:
System Model / 3.3:
Resource Discoverer / 3.3.1:
Candidate Set Generator / 3.3.2:
Resource Synthesizer / 3.3.3:
Resource Selector / 3.3.4:
A Steady System with Proportional Distribution / 3.3.5:
Implementation / 3.4:
Customization / 3.4.1:
Superpeer / 3.4.2:
Experiments and Evaluation / 3.4.3:
Related Work / 3.6:
Grid Activity Registration, Deployment and Provisioning Framework / 3.7:
On-Demand Provisioning Motivation / 4.1:
An Example Using Bare Grid / 4.2.1:
GLARE-Based Solution / 4.2.2:
Activity Manager / 4.3:
Deployment Manager / 4.3.2:
Activity Type Registry / 4.3.3:
Activity Deployment Registry / 4.3.4:
Automatic Deployment Using Expect / 4.4:
Static and Dynamic Registration / 4.4.2:
Self-Management and Fault Tolerance / 4.4.3:
Planning / 4.5:
Allocation Management with Advance Reservation and Service-Level Agreement / 5:
Agreement / 5.1:
Agreement Lifecycle / 5.2.2:
Negotiation / 5.3:
Attentive Allocation / 5.3.1:
Progressive Allocation / 5.3.2:
Share-Based Allocation / 5.3.3:
Allocator / 5.4:
Co-allocator / 5.4.2:
Agreement Enforcement / 5.4.3:
Priority Provision / 5.4.4:
Standards Adaptation / 5.4.5:
Optimizing Multi-Constrained Allocations with Capacity Planning / 5.5:
Allocation Problem / 6.1:
Multi-Constrained Optimization / 6.2.2:
Negotiation Protocol / 6.3:
Allocation Offer Generation / 6.3.1:
Co-allocation Offer Generation / 6.3.2:
Contention Elimination / 6.3.3:
Cost Model / 6.3.4:
Semantics / 6.4:
Semantics in the Grid: Towards Ontology-Based Resource Provisioning / 7:
Describing Resources with Semantics / 7.1:
Concept Description / 7.2.1:
Architectural Extension / 7.3:
Resource Ontologies / 7.4:
Physical Resource Ontology / 7.4.1:
Resource Ensembles / 7.4.2:
Logical Resource Ontology / 7.4.3:
Discovering Resources with Semantics / 7.5:
Subsumption-Based Resource Matching / 7.6:
Evaluation / 7.7:
Subsumption: An Example / 7.7.1:
Semantics-Based Activity Synthesis: Improving On-Demand Provisioning and Planning / 7.8:
Synthesis Model / 8.1:
Ontology Rules / 8.3.1:
Activity Synthesis Problem / 8.3.2:
Applying Patterns for Activity Synthesis / 8.4:
Sequential Flow Patterns / 8.4.1:
Parallel Flow Patterns / 8.4.2:
Built-Ins and Constraints / 8.5:
Assumptions and Effects / 8.5.2:
Improving Capacity Planning / 8.6:
Discussion and Experiments / 8.7:
Conclusion / 8.8:
Resource Management Model / 9:
Towards Automatic Resource Management / 9.2:
Negotiation for Service-Level Agreement (SLA) / 9.3:
Multi-Constrained Optimization and Capacity Planning / 9.5:
Future Research / 9.6:
A Notations
References
Index
Overview / Part I:
Introduction / 1:
Motivation / 1.1:
100.
EB
Berrou, Claude Berrou
出版情報:
SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Paris, 2010
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Contributors
Foreword
Introduction / 1:
Digital messages / 1.1:
A first code / 1.2:
Hard input decoding and soft input decoding / 1.3:
Hard output decoding and soft output decoding / 1.4:
The performance measure / 1.5:
What is a good code? / 1.6:
Families of codes / 1.7:
Digital communications / 2:
Digital Modulations / 2.1:
Linear Memoryless Modulations / 2.1.1:
Memoryless modulation with M states (M-FSK) / 2.1.3:
Modulations with memory by continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) / 2.1.4:
Structure and performance of the optimal receiver on a Gaussian channel / 2.2:
Structure of the coherent receiver / 2.2.1:
Performance of the coherent receiver / 2.2.2:
Transmission on a band-limited channel / 2.3:
Intersymbol interference / 2.3.1:
Condition of absence of ISI: Nyquist criterion / 2.3.3:
Expression of the error probability in presence of Nyquist filtering / 2.3.4:
Transmission on fading channels / 2.4:
Characterization of a fading channel / 2.4.1:
Transmission on non-frequency-selective slow-fading channels / 2.4.2:
Theoretical limits / 3:
Information theory / 3.1:
Transmission channel / 3.1.1:
An example: the binary symmetric channel / 3.1.2:
Overview of the fundamental coding theorem / 3.1.3:
Geometrical interpretation / 3.1.4:
Random coding / 3.1.5:
Theoretical limits to performance / 3.2:
Binary input and real output channel / 3.2.1:
Capacity of a transmission channel / 3.2.2:
Practical limits to performance / 3.3:
Gaussian binary input channel / 3.3.1:
Gaussian continuous input channel / 3.3.2:
Some examples of limits / 3.3.3:
Minimum distances required / 3.4:
MHD required with 4-PSK modulation / 3.4.1:
MHD required with 8-PSK modulation / 3.4.2:
MHD required with 16-QAM modulation / 3.4.3:
Bibliography
Block codes / 4:
Block codes with binary symbols / 4.1:
Generator matrix of a binary block code / 4.1.1:
Dual code and parity check matrix / 4.1.2:
Minimum distance / 4.1.3:
Extended codes and shortened codes / 4.1.4:
Product codes / 4.1.5:
Examples of binary block codes / 4.1.6:
Cyclic codes / 4.1.7:
Block codes with non-binary symbols / 4.2:
Reed-Solomon codes / 4.2.1:
Implementing the encoder / 4.2.2:
Decoding and performance of codes with binary symbols / 4.3:
Error detection / 4.3.1:
Error correction / 4.3.2:
Decoding and performance of codes with non-binary symbols / 4.4:
Hard input decoding of Reed-Solomon codes / 4.4.1:
Peterson's direct method / 4.4.2:
Iterative method / 4.4.3:
Hard input decoding performance of Reed-Solomon codes / 4.4.4:
Appendix: Notions about Galois fields and minimal polynomials
Convolutional codes and their decoding / 5:
History / 5.1:
Representations of convolutional codes / 5.2:
Generic representation of a convolutional encoder / 5.2.1:
Polynomial representation / 5.2.2:
Tree of a code / 5.2.3:
Trellis of a code / 5.2.4:
State machine of a code / 5.2.5:
Code distances and performance / 5.3:
Choosing a good code / 5.3.1:
RTZ sequences / 5.3.2:
Transfer function and distance spectrum / 5.3.3:
Performance / 5.3.4:
Decoding convolutional codes / 5.4:
Model of the transmission chain and notations / 5.4.1:
The Viterbi algorithm / 5.4.2:
The Maximum A Posteriori algorithm or MAP algorithm / 5.4.3:
Convolutional block codes / 5.5:
Trellis termination / 5.5.1:
Puncturing / 5.5.2:
Concatenated codes / 6:
Parallel concatenation and serial concatenation / 6.1:
Parallel concatenation and LDPC codes / 6.2:
Permutations / 6.3:
Turbo crossword / 6.4:
Convolutional turbo codes / 7:
The history of turbo codes / 7.1:
Multiple concatenation of RSC codes / 7.2:
Turbo codes / 7.3:
Termination of constituent codes / 7.3.1:
The permutation function / 7.3.2:
Decoding turbo codes / 7.4:
Turbo decoding / 7.4.1:
SISO decoding and extrinsic information / 7.4.2:
Practical considerations / 7.4.3:
m-binary turbo codes / 7.5:
m-binary RSC encoders / 7.5.1:
Analysis tools / 7.5.2:
Theoretical performance / 7.6.1:
Asymptotic behaviour / 7.6.2:
Convergence / 7.6.3:
Turbo product codes / 8:
Hard input decoding of product codes / 8.1:
Row-column decoding / 8.3.1:
The Reddy-Robinson algorithm / 8.3.2:
Soft input decoding of product codes / 8.4:
The Chase algorithm with weighted input / 8.4.1:
Performance of the Chase-Pyndiah algorithm / 8.4.2:
The Fang-Battail algorithm / 8.4.3:
The Hartmann-Nazarov algorithm / 8.4.4:
Other soft input decoding algorithms / 8.4.5:
Implantation of the Chase-Pyndiah algorithm / 8.5:
LDPC codes / 9:
Principle of LDPC codes / 9.1:
Parity check code / 9.1.1:
Definition of an LDPC code / 9.1.2:
Encoding / 9.1.3:
Decoding LDPC codes / 9.1.4:
Random construction of LDPC codes / 9.1.5:
Some geometrical constructions of LDPC codes / 9.1.6:
Architecture for decoding LDPC codes for the Gaussian channel / 9.2:
Analysis of the complexity / 9.2.1:
Architecture of a generic node processor (GNP) / 9.2.2:
Generic architecture for message propagation / 9.2.3:
Combining parameters of the architecture / 9.2.4:
Example of synthesis of an LDPC decoder architecture / 9.2.5:
Sub-optimal decoding algorithm / 9.2.6:
Influence of quantization / 9.2.7:
State of the art of published LDPC decoder architectures / 9.2.8:
Turbo codes and large spectral efficiency transmissions / 10:
Turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) / 10.1:
Pragmatic turbo coded modulation / 10.2:
The turbo principle applied to equalization and detection / 11:
Turbo equalization / 11.1:
Multipath channels and intersymbol interference / 11.1.1:
The equalization function / 11.1.2:
Combining equalization and decoding / 11.1.3:
Principle of turbo equalization / 11.1.4:
MAP turbo equalization / 11.1.5:
MMSE turbo equalization / 11.1.6:
Multi-user turbo detection and its application to CDMA systems / 11.2:
Introduction and some notations / 11.2.1:
Multi-user detection / 11.2.2:
Turbo CDMA / 11.2.3:
Conclusions / 11.3:
Index
Contributors
Foreword
Introduction / 1: