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1.

図書
図書
1. Technical writing for teams : the STREAM tools handbook (pbk.)
Alexander Mamishev, Sean Williams
出版情報: Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, c2010  xvii, 243 p. ; 24 cm.
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction / Chapter 1：
In this Chapter / 1.1：
Our Audience / 1.2：
A few horror stories / 1.2.1：
Some history / 1.2.2：
The Need For a Good "Writing System" / 1.3：
Introducing Stream Tools / 1.4：
What is STREAM Tools? / 1.4.1：
Why use STREAM Tools? / 1.4.2：
The software of STREAM Tools / 1.4.3：
Recommended packages / 1.4.3.1：
A brief comparison of Microsoft Word vs. LaTeX: history and myths / 1.4.3.2：
How to Use this Book / 1.5：
Exercises / 1.6：
Quick Start Guide For Stream Tools / Chapter 2：
A General Overview of the Writing Process / 2.1：
Introduction to Writing Quality Tools: The Stream Tools Editorial Mark-Up Table / 2.3：
Introduction to Document Design Tools / 2.4：
Important fundamental concepts / 2.4.1：
Step 1: Use template files to create your new manuscripts / 2.4.1.1：
Step 2: Copy existing elements and paste them into a new location / 2.4.1.2：
Step 3: Edit the element / 2.4.1.3：
Step 4: Cross-referencing elements / 2.4.1.4：
Creating Elements in a Document / 2.4.2：
Headings / 2.4.2.1：
Equations / 2.4.2.2：
Figures / 2.4.2.3：
Tables / 2.4.2.4：
References (literature citations) / 2.4.2.5：
Introduction to File Management: Optimizing Your Workflow / 2.5：
General principles / 2.5.1：
Using a wiki for file management / 2.5.2：
Version control / 2.5.3：
Conclusions / 2.6：
Document Design / 2.7：
Creating Templates / 3.1：
How to create and cross-reference a heading template / 3.2.1：
How to alter a heading template / 3.2.1.2：
Common formatting mistakes in headings / 3.2.1.3：
Common stylistic mistakes for headings / 3.2.1.4：
Tips and tricks / 3.2.1.5：
How to create and cross-reference an equation template / 3.2.2：
How to alter an equation template / 3.2.2.2：
Common formatting mistakes for equations / 3.2.2.3：
Common stylistic mistakes for equations / 3.2.2.4：
How to create and cross-reference a figure template / 3.2.2.5：
How to alter a figure template / 3.2.3.2：
Common formatting mistakes in figures / 3.2.3.3：
Common stylistic mistakes in figures / 3.2.3.4：
Tips and tricks for figures / 3.2.3.5：
How to create and cross-reference a table template / 3.2.4：
How to alter a table template / 3.2.4.2：
Common typesetting mistakes / 3.2.4.3：
Common stylistic mistakes in tables / 3.2.4.4：
Tips and tricks for tables / 3.2.4.5：
Front matter / 3.2.5：
Controlling page numbers / 3.2.5.1：
Table of contents / 3.2.5.2：
Back matter / 3.2.6：
Appendices / 3.2.6.1：
Indices / 3.2.6.2：
Using Multiple Templates / 3.3：
Controlling styles / 3.3.1：
Switching between single-column and double-column formats / 3.3.2：
Master documents / 3.3.3：
Practice Problems / 3.4：
Additional Resources / 3.4.1：
Using Bibliographic Databases / 3.6：
Why Use a Bibliographic Database? / 4.1：
Choice of Software / 4.3：
Using Endnote / 4.4：
Setting up the interface / 4.4.1：
Adding references / 4.4.2：
Citing references / 4.4.3：
Sharing a Database / 4.5：
Numbering the database entries / 4.5.1：
Compatibility with BiBTeX / 4.5.2：
Formatting References / 4.6：
Planning, Drafting, and Editing Documents / 4.7：
Definition Stage / 5.1：
Select your team members / 5.2.1：
Hold a kick-off meeting / 5.2.2：
Analyze the audience / 5.2.3：
Formulate the purpose / 5.2.4：
Persuasion / 5.2.4.1：
Exposition / 5.2.4.2：
Instruction / 5.2.4.3：
Select the optimum combination of STREAM Tools / 5.2.5：
Preparation Stage / 5.3：
Evaluate historical documents / 5.3.1：
Journal articles / 5.3.1.1：
Proceedings/papers / 5.3.1.2：
Theses and dissertations / 5.3.1.3：
Proposals / 5.3.1.4：
Reports / 5.3.1.5：
Populate the file repository / 5.3.2：
Create a comprehensive outline of the document / 5.3.3：
Using deductive structures / 5.3.3.1：
Using Microsoft Word's Outline feature / 5.3.3.2：
Populate all sections with "yellow text" / 5.3.4：
Distribute writing tasks among team members / 5.3.5：
Choose a drafting strategy / 5.3.5.1：
Synchronize writing styles / 5.3.5.2：
Writing Stage / 5.4：
Enter content / 5.4.1：
Legacy content / 5.4.1.1：
New content / 5.4.1.2：
Control versions of shared files / 5.4.1.3：
Request that team members submit their drafts / 5.4.2：
Verify that each section is headed in the right direction / 5.4.3：
Construct the whole document / 5.4.4：
Revise for content and distribute additional writing tasks / 5.4.5：
Comprehensive editing / 5.4.5.1：
STREAM Tools Editorial Mark-up table (STEM Table) / 5.4.5.2：
Strategies for editing electronic copy using Microsoft Word--an overview of Microsoft Word's commenting, reviewing, and proofing features / 5.4.5.3：
Distribute additional writing tasks / 5.4.6：
Completion Stage / 5.5：
Copy edit the document / 5.5.1：
Send out for a final review of content and clarity / 5.5.2：
Proofread the document / 5.5.3：
Submit the document / 5.5.4：
Conduct the final process-improvement review session / 5.5.5：
Building High Quality Writing Teams / 5.6：
Understanding the Benefits and Challenges of Teamwork / 6.1：
The payoff of teamwork / 6.2.1：
Some principle challenges of teamwork / 6.2.2：
Identifying Team Goals and Assigning Member Roles / 6.3：
Define roles and procedures clearly / 6.3.1：
Define team roles / 6.3.1.1：
Define team procedures / 6.3.1.2：
Managing Teamwork at a Distance / 6.4：
Building trust in virtual teams / 6.4.1：
Demonstrating sensitivity to cultural differences / 6.4.2：
Selecting Communication Tools To Support Teamwork / 6.5：
Wikis / 6.5.1：
Creating a wiki / 6.5.1.1：
Editing / 6.5.1.2：
Organizing / 6.5.1.3：
Monitoring edits / 6.5.1.4：
Other suggestions for wiki use / 6.5.1.5：
SharePoint / 6.5.2：
Lists / 6.5.2.1：
Web pages / 6.5.2.2：
Alerts and site management / 6.5.2.3：
Assuring Quality Writing / 6.6：
Choosing the Best Words 278 / 7.1：
Choose strong words / 7.2.1：
Use strong nouns and verbs / 7.2.1.1：
Choose words with the right level of formality / 7.2.1.2：
Avoid weak words / 7.2.2：
Check for confusing or frequently misused words / 7.2.2.1：
Avoid double negatives, and change negatives to affirmatives / 7.2.2.2：
Avoid changing verbs to nouns / 7.2.2.3：
Delete meaningless words and modifiers / 7.2.2.4：
Steer clear of jargon / 7.2.2.5：
Avoid sexist or discriminatory language / 7.2.2.6：
Writing Strong Sentences / 7.3：
Write economically / 7.3.1：
Include a variety of sentence types / 7.3.2：
Avoiding Weak Sentence Construction / 7.4：
Comma splices / 7.4.1.1：
Fragments / 7.4.1.2：
Fused or run-on sentences / 7.4.1.3：
Misplaced, dangling, or two-way modifiers / 7.4.1.4：
Faulty parallelism / 7.4.1.5：
Punctuating For Clarity / 7.5：
End punctuation / 7.5.1：
Periods / 7.5.1.1：
Question marks / 7.5.1.2：
Exclamation points / 7.5.1.3：
Commas / 7.5.2：
Semicolons / 7.5.3：
Colons / 7.5.4：
Apostrophes / 7.5.5：
Dashes and hyphens / 7.5.6：
Final Considerations / 7.6：
Abbreviations and acronyms / 7.6.1：
Capitalization / 7.6.2：
Numbers / 7.6.3：
Dates / 7.6.4：
Fractions and percentages / 7.6.5：
Units of measure / 7.6.6：
A Final Note on Grammar / 7.7：
Concluding Remarks / 7.8：
Business Case / 8.1：
Frequently Asked Questions / 8.3：
Success Stories / 8.4：
Additional Reading / 8.5：
Useful books and articles / 8.5.1：
Useful weblinks / 8.5.2：
EXERCISES / 8.6：
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction / Chapter 1：
2.

電子ブック
ＥＢ
2. 2nd Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications (WSOF-2)
Hern??ndez-cordero
出版情報: SPIE Digital Library Proceedings , 2010
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3.

図書
図書
3. Freshwater algae : identification and use as bioindicators
Edward Bellinger and David C. Sigee
出版情報: Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Blackwell, 2010  viii, 271 p ; 26 cm
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Introduction to freshwater algae / 1：
General introduction / 1.1：
Algae / 1.1.1：
Algae as primary producers / 1.1.2：
Freshwater environments / 1.1.3：
Planktonic and benthic algae / 1.1.4：
Size and shape / 1.1.5：
Taxonomic variation / 1.2：
Microscopical appearance / 1.2.1：
Biochemistry / 1.2.2：
Molecular characteristics and identification / 1.2.3：
Blue-green algae / 1.3：
Cytology / 1.3.1：
Morphological and taxonomic diversity / 1.3.2：
Ecology / 1.3.3：
Blue-green algae as bioindicators / 1.3.4：
Green algae / 1.4：
Morphological diversity / 1.4.1：
Green algae as bioindicators / 1.4.3：
Euglenoids / 1.5：
Euglenoids as bioindicators / 1.5.1：
Yellow-green algae / 1.6：
Yellow-green algae as bioindicators / 1.6.1：
Dinoflagellates / 1.7：
Cryptomonads / 1.7.1：
Comparison with euglenoid algae / 1.8.1：
Biodiversity / 1.8.3：
Cryptomonads as bioindicators / 1.8.4：
Chrysophytes / 1.9：
Chrysophytes as bioindicators / 1.9.1：
Diatoms / 1.10：
Diatoms as bioindicators / 1.10.1：
Red algae / 1.11：
Brown algae / 1.12：
Sampling, biomass estimation and counts of freshwater algae A Planktonic algae / 2：
Protocol for collection / 2.1：
Standing water phytoplankton / 2.1.1：
River phytoplankton
Mode of collection / 2.2：
Phytoplankton trawl net / 2.2.1：
Volume samplers / 2.2.2：
Integrated sampling / 2.2.3：
Sediment traps / 2.2.4：
Phytoplankton biomass / 2.3：
Turbidity / 2.3.1：
Dry weight and ash-free dry weight / 2.3.2：
Pigment concentrations / 2.3.3：
Flow cytometry / 2.4：
Microscope counts of species populations / 2.5：
Sample preservation and processing / 2.5.1：
Species counts / 2.5.2：
Conversion of species counts to biovolumes / 2.5.3：
Chemical cleaning of diatoms / 2.5.4：
Diversity within species populations / 2.6：
Molecular analysis / 2.6.1：
Analytical microscopical techniques B Non-planktonic algae / 2.6.2：
Deep water benthic algae / 2.7：
Benthic-pelagic coupling / 2.7.1：
Benthic algae and sediment stability / 2.7.2：
Invertebrate grazing of benthic algae / 2.7.3：
Shallow water communities / 2.8：
Substrate / 2.8.1：
Algal communities / 2.8.2：
Algal biofilms / 2.9：
Mucialginous biofilms / 2.9.1：
Biomass / 2.9.2：
Taxonomic composition / 2.9.3：
Matrix structure / 2.9.4：
Periphyton? algal mats / 2.10：
Inorganic substratum / 2.10.1：
Plant surfaces / 2.10.2：
Algae as bioindicators / 3：
Bioindicators and water quality / 3.1：
Biomarkers and bioindicators / 3.1.1：
Characteristics of bioindicators / 3.1.2：
Biological monitoring versus chemical measurements / 3.1.3：
Monitoring water quality: objectives / 3.1.4：
Lakes / 3.2：
Contemporary planktonic and attached algae as bioindicators / 3.2.1：
Fossil algae as bioindicators: lake sediment analysis / 3.2.2：
Water quality parameters / 3.2.3：
Wetlands / 3.3：
Rivers / 3.4：
The periphyton community / 3.4.1：
River diatoms / 3.4.2：
Evaluation of the diatom community / 3.4.3：
Human impacts and diatom indices / 3.4.4：
Calculation of diatom indices / 3.4.5：
Practical applications of diatom indices / 3.4.6：
Estuaries / 3.5：
Ecosystem complexity / 3.5.1：
Algae as estuarine bioindicators / 3.5.2：
A key to the more frequently occurring freshwater algae / 4：
Introduction to the key / 4.1：
Using the key / 4.1.1：
Morphological groupings / 4.1.2：
Key to the main genera and species / 4.2：
List of algae included and their occurrence in the key / 4.3：
Algal identification: bibliography / 4.4：
Glossary
References
Index
Introduction to freshwater algae / 1：
General introduction / 1.1：
Algae / 1.1.1：
4.

電子ブック
ＥＢ
4. Advanced Statistical Steganalysis
Rainer B?hme
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1：
Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences / 1.1：
Objective and Approach / 1.2：
Outline / 1.3：
Background and Advances in Theory / Part I：
Principles of Modern Steganography and Steganalysis / 2：
Digital Steganography and Steganalysis / 2.1：
Steganographic System / 2.1.1：
Steganalysis / 2.1.2：
Relevance in Social and Academic Contexts / 2.1.3：
Conventions / 2.2：
Design Goals and Metrics / 2.3：
Capacity / 2.3.1：
Steganographic Security / 2.3.2：
Robustness / 2.3.3：
Further Metrics / 2.3.4：
Paradigms for the Design of Steganographic Systems / 2.4：
Paradigm I: Modify with Caution / 2.4.1：
Paradigm II: Cover Generation / 2.4.2：
Dominant Paradigm / 2.4.3：
Adversary Models / 2.5：
Passive Warden / 2.5.1：
Active Warden / 2.5.2：
Embedding Domains / 2.6：
Artificial Channels / 2.6.1：
Spatial and Time Domains / 2.6.2：
Transformed Domain / 2.6.3：
Selected Cover Formats: JPEG and MP3 / 2.6.4：
Exotic Covers / 2.6.5：
Embedding Operations / 2.7：
LSB Replacement / 2.7.1：
LSB Matching (±1) / 2.7.2：
Mod-? Replacement, Mod-? Matching, and Generalisations / 2.7.3：
Multi-Sample Rules / 2.7.4：
Adaptive Embedding / 2.7.5：
Protocols and Message Coding / 2.8：
Public-Key Steganography / 2.8.1：
Maximising Embedding Efficiency / 2.8.2：
Specific Detection Techniques / 2.9：
Calibration of JPEG Histograms / 2.9.1：
Universal Detectors / 2.9.2：
Quantitative Steganalysis / 2.9.3：
Selected Estimators for LSB Replacement in Spatial Domain Images / 2.10：
RS Analysis / 2.10.1：
Sample Pair Analysis / 2.10.2：
Higher-Order Structural Steganalysis / 2.10.3：
Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis / 2.10.4：
Summary and Further Steps / 2.11：
Towards a Theory of Cover Models / 3：
Steganalyst's Problem Formalised / 3.1：
The Plausibility Heuristic / 3.1.1：
Application to Digital Steganography / 3.1.2：
Incognisability of the Cover Distribution / 3.1.3：
Cover Models / 3.2：
Defining Cover Models / 3.2.1：
Options for Formulating Cover Models / 3.2.2：
Cover Models and Detection Performance / 3.2.3：
Summary and Motivations for Studying Cover Models / 3.2.4：
Dealing with Heterogeneous Cover Sources / 3.3：
Mixture Distributions / 3.3.1：
The Mixture Cover Model / 3.3.2：
Relation to Prior Information-Theoretic Work / 3.4：
Theoretical Limits / 3.4.1：
Observability Bounds / 3.4.2：
Computational Bounds / 3.4.3：
Applicability of the Theory of Cover Models / 3.4.4：
Indeterminacy in the Cover / 3.4.5：
Instances of Cover Models for Heterogeneous Sources / 3.5：
Summary / 3.6：
Specific Advances in Steganalysis / Part II：
Detection of Model-Based Steganography with First-Order Statistics / 4：
Fundamentals of Model-Based Steganography / 4.1：
MB1: An Embedding Function for JPEG Covers / 4.2：
Detection Method / 4.3：
Experimental Validation / 4.4：
Summary and Outlook / 4.5：
Limitations and Future Directions / 4.5.1：
Possible (Short-Term) Countermeasures / 4.5.2：
Implications for More Secure Steganography / 4.5.3：
Models of Heterogeneous Covers for Quantitative Steganalysis / 5：
Metrics for Quantitative Steganalysis / 5.1：
Conventional Metrics / 5.1.1：
Improved Metrics Based on a Distribution Model / 5.1.2：
Decomposition of Estimation Errors / 5.1.3：
Measurement of Sensitivity to Cover Properties / 5.2：
Method / 5.2.1：
Modelling the Shape of the Between-Image Distribution / 5.2.2：
Modelling the Shape of the Within-Image Distribution / 5.2.3：
Summary and Conclusion / 5.3：
Improved Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis / 6：
Enhanced WS for Never-Compressed Covers / 6.1：
Enhanced Predictor / 6.1.1：
Enhanced Calculation of Weights / 6.1.2：
Enhanced Bias Correction / 6.1.3：
Experimental Results / 6.1.4：
Adaptation of WS to JPEG Pre-Compressed Covers / 6.2：
Improved Predictor / 6.2.1：
Estimation of the Cover's JPEG Compression Quality / 6.2.2：
Using Encoder Artefacts for Steganalysis of Compressed Audio Streams / 6.2.3：
MP3 Steganography and Steganalysis / 7.1：
Problem Statement in the Mixture Cover Model Framework / 7.1.1：
Level of Analysis and Related Work / 7.1.2：
Description of Features / 7.1.3：
Features Based on the Compression Size Control Mechanism / 7.2.1：
Features Based on Model Decisions / 7.2.2：
Features Based on Capability Usage / 7.2.3：
Feature Based on Stream Formatting / 7.2.4：
Experimental Results for Encoder Detection / 7.3：
Single-Compressed Audio Files / 7.3.1：
Importance of Individual Features / 7.3.2：
Influence of Double-Compression / 7.3.3：
Experimental Results for Improved Steganalysis / 7.4：
Explorative Analysis of Encoder Similarities / 7.5：
Summary and Discussion / 7.6：
Transferability to Other Formats / 7.6.1：
Related Applications / 7.6.3：
Synthesis / Part III：
General Discussion / 8：
Summary of Results / 8.1：
Results Based on Informal Arguments / 8.1.1：
Results Based on Mathematical Proofs / 8.1.2：
Results Based on Empirical Evidence / 8.1.3：
Limitations / 8.2：
Directions for Future Research / 8.3：
Theoretical Challenges / 8.3.1：
Empirical Challenges / 8.3.2：
Practical Challenges / 8.3.3：
Conclusion and Outlook / 8.4：
Description of Covers Used in the Experiments / A：
Spurious Steganalysis Results Using the 'van Hateren' Image Database / B：
Proof of Weighted Stego Image (WS) Estimator / C：
Derivation of Linear Predictor for Enhanced WS / D：
Game for Formal Security Analysis / E：
Derivation of ROC Curves and AUC Metric for Example Cover Models / F：
Supplementary Figures and Tables / G：
References
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
List of Symbols
List of Functions
Index
Introduction / 1：
Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences / 1.1：
Objective and Approach / 1.2：
5.

電子ブック
ＥＢ
5. Advanced Statistical Steganalysis
Rainer Böhme
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences / 1.1：
Objective and Approach / 1.2：
Outline / 1.3：
Background and Advances in Theory / Part I：
Principles of Modern Steganography and Steganalysis / 2：
Digital Steganography and Steganalysis / 2.1：
Steganographic System / 2.1.1：
Steganalysis / 2.1.2：
Relevance in Social and Academic Contexts / 2.1.3：
Conventions / 2.2：
Design Goals and Metrics / 2.3：
Capacity / 2.3.1：
Steganographic Security / 2.3.2：
Robustness / 2.3.3：
Further Metrics / 2.3.4：
Paradigms for the Design of Steganographic Systems / 2.4：
Paradigm I: Modify with Caution / 2.4.1：
Paradigm II: Cover Generation / 2.4.2：
Dominant Paradigm / 2.4.3：
Adversary Models / 2.5：
Passive Warden / 2.5.1：
Active Warden / 2.5.2：
Embedding Domains / 2.6：
Artificial Channels / 2.6.1：
Spatial and Time Domains / 2.6.2：
Transformed Domain / 2.6.3：
Selected Cover Formats: JPEG and MP3 / 2.6.4：
Exotic Covers / 2.6.5：
Embedding Operations / 2.7：
LSB Replacement / 2.7.1：
LSB Matching (±1) / 2.7.2：
Mod-? Replacement, Mod-? Matching, and Generalisations / 2.7.3：
Multi-Sample Rules / 2.7.4：
Adaptive Embedding / 2.7.5：
Protocols and Message Coding / 2.8：
Public-Key Steganography / 2.8.1：
Maximising Embedding Efficiency / 2.8.2：
Specific Detection Techniques / 2.9：
Calibration of JPEG Histograms / 2.9.1：
Universal Detectors / 2.9.2：
Quantitative Steganalysis / 2.9.3：
Selected Estimators for LSB Replacement in Spatial Domain Images / 2.10：
RS Analysis / 2.10.1：
Sample Pair Analysis / 2.10.2：
Higher-Order Structural Steganalysis / 2.10.3：
Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis / 2.10.4：
Summary and Further Steps / 2.11：
Towards a Theory of Cover Models / 3：
Steganalyst's Problem Formalised / 3.1：
The Plausibility Heuristic / 3.1.1：
Application to Digital Steganography / 3.1.2：
Incognisability of the Cover Distribution / 3.1.3：
Cover Models / 3.2：
Defining Cover Models / 3.2.1：
Options for Formulating Cover Models / 3.2.2：
Cover Models and Detection Performance / 3.2.3：
Summary and Motivations for Studying Cover Models / 3.2.4：
Dealing with Heterogeneous Cover Sources / 3.3：
Mixture Distributions / 3.3.1：
The Mixture Cover Model / 3.3.2：
Relation to Prior Information-Theoretic Work / 3.4：
Theoretical Limits / 3.4.1：
Observability Bounds / 3.4.2：
Computational Bounds / 3.4.3：
Applicability of the Theory of Cover Models / 3.4.4：
Indeterminacy in the Cover / 3.4.5：
Instances of Cover Models for Heterogeneous Sources / 3.5：
Summary / 3.6：
Specific Advances in Steganalysis / Part II：
Detection of Model-Based Steganography with First-Order Statistics / 4：
Fundamentals of Model-Based Steganography / 4.1：
MB1: An Embedding Function for JPEG Covers / 4.2：
Detection Method / 4.3：
Experimental Validation / 4.4：
Summary and Outlook / 4.5：
Limitations and Future Directions / 4.5.1：
Possible (Short-Term) Countermeasures / 4.5.2：
Implications for More Secure Steganography / 4.5.3：
Models of Heterogeneous Covers for Quantitative Steganalysis / 5：
Metrics for Quantitative Steganalysis / 5.1：
Conventional Metrics / 5.1.1：
Improved Metrics Based on a Distribution Model / 5.1.2：
Decomposition of Estimation Errors / 5.1.3：
Measurement of Sensitivity to Cover Properties / 5.2：
Method / 5.2.1：
Modelling the Shape of the Between-Image Distribution / 5.2.2：
Modelling the Shape of the Within-Image Distribution / 5.2.3：
Summary and Conclusion / 5.3：
Improved Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis / 6：
Enhanced WS for Never-Compressed Covers / 6.1：
Enhanced Predictor / 6.1.1：
Enhanced Calculation of Weights / 6.1.2：
Enhanced Bias Correction / 6.1.3：
Experimental Results / 6.1.4：
Adaptation of WS to JPEG Pre-Compressed Covers / 6.2：
Improved Predictor / 6.2.1：
Estimation of the Cover's JPEG Compression Quality / 6.2.2：
Using Encoder Artefacts for Steganalysis of Compressed Audio Streams / 6.2.3：
MP3 Steganography and Steganalysis / 7.1：
Problem Statement in the Mixture Cover Model Framework / 7.1.1：
Level of Analysis and Related Work / 7.1.2：
Description of Features / 7.1.3：
Features Based on the Compression Size Control Mechanism / 7.2.1：
Features Based on Model Decisions / 7.2.2：
Features Based on Capability Usage / 7.2.3：
Feature Based on Stream Formatting / 7.2.4：
Experimental Results for Encoder Detection / 7.3：
Single-Compressed Audio Files / 7.3.1：
Importance of Individual Features / 7.3.2：
Influence of Double-Compression / 7.3.3：
Experimental Results for Improved Steganalysis / 7.4：
Explorative Analysis of Encoder Similarities / 7.5：
Summary and Discussion / 7.6：
Transferability to Other Formats / 7.6.1：
Related Applications / 7.6.3：
Synthesis / Part III：
General Discussion / 8：
Summary of Results / 8.1：
Results Based on Informal Arguments / 8.1.1：
Results Based on Mathematical Proofs / 8.1.2：
Results Based on Empirical Evidence / 8.1.3：
Limitations / 8.2：
Directions for Future Research / 8.3：
Theoretical Challenges / 8.3.1：
Empirical Challenges / 8.3.2：
Practical Challenges / 8.3.3：
Conclusion and Outlook / 8.4：
Description of Covers Used in the Experiments / A：
Spurious Steganalysis Results Using the 'van Hateren' Image Database / B：
Proof of Weighted Stego Image (WS) Estimator / C：
Derivation of Linear Predictor for Enhanced WS / D：
Game for Formal Security Analysis / E：
Derivation of ROC Curves and AUC Metric for Example Cover Models / F：
Supplementary Figures and Tables / G：
References
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
List of Symbols
List of Functions
Index
Introduction / 1：
Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences / 1.1：
Objective and Approach / 1.2：
6.

電子ブック
ＥＢ
6. Parsing Beyond Context-Free Grammars
Laura Kallmeyer
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1：
Formal Grammars and Natural Languages / 1.1：
Parsing Beyond CFGs / 1.2：
What This Book Is Not About / 1.3：
Overview of the Book / 1.4：
Grammar Formalisms for Natural Languages / 1.4.1：
Parsing: Preliminaries / 1.4.2：
Tree Adjoining Grammars / 1.4.3：
MCFG and LCFRS / 1.4.4：
Range Concatenation Grammars / 1.4.5：
Automata / 1.4.6：
Some Basic Definitions / 1.5：
Languages / 1.5.1：
Context-Free Grammars / 1.5.2：
Trees / 1.5.3：
Context-Free Grammars and Natural Languages / 2：
The Generative Capacity of CFGs / 2.1.1：
CFGs and Lexicalization / 2.1.2：
Mild Context-Sensitivity / 2.1.3：
Grammar Formalisms Beyond CFG / 2.2：
Linear Indexed Grammars / 2.2.1：
Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems / 2.2.3：
Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars / 2.2.4：
Multiple Context-Free Grammars / 2.2.5：
Summary / 2.2.6：
Parsing as Deduction / 3：
Motivation / 3.1.1：
Items / 3.1.2：
Deduction Rules / 3.1.3：
Implementation Issues / 3.2：
Dynamic Programming / 3.2.1：
Chart Parsing and Tabulation / 3.2.2：
Hypergraphs / 3.2.3：
Properties of Parsing Algorithms / 3.3：
Soundness and Completeness / 3.3.1：
Complexity / 3.3.2：
Valid Prefix Property / 3.3.3：
Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars / 3.4：
Definition of TAG / 4.1.1：
Formal Properties / 4.1.2：
Linguistic Principles for TAG / 4.1.3：
Extended Domain of Locality and Factoring of Recursion / 4.1.4：
Constituency and Dependencies / 4.1.5：
Equivalent Formalisms / 4.2：
Tree-Local MCTAG / 4.2.1：
Combinatory Categorial Grammars / 4.2.2：
Parsing Tree Adjoining Grammars / 4.3：
A CYK Parser for TAG / 5.1：
The Recognizer / 5.1.1：
An Earley Parser for TAG / 5.1.2：
Inference Rules / 5.2.1：
Extending the Algorithm to Substitution / 5.2.4：
The Parser / 5.2.5：
Properties of the Algorithm / 5.2.6：
Prefix Valid Earley Parsing / 5.2.7：
An LR Parser for TAG / 5.3：
Construction of the Automation / 5.3.1：
Multiple Context-Free Grammars and Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems / 5.3.3：
Introduction to MCFG, LCFRS and Simple RCG / 6.1：
Applications / 6.1.1：
Set-Local Multicomponent TAG / 6.2：
Minimalist Grammars / 6.2.2：
Finite-Copying LFG / 6.2.3：
Parsing MCFG, LCFRS and Simple RCG / 6.3：
CYK Parsing of MCFG / 7.1：
The Basic Algorithm / 7.1.1：
The Naïve Algorithm / 7.1.2：
The Active Algorithm / 7.1.3：
The Incremental Algorithm / 7.1.4：
Prediction Strategies / 7.1.5：
Simplifying Simple RCGs / 7.2：
Eliminating Useless Rules / 7.2.1：
Eliminating ?-Rules / 7.2.2：
Ordered Simple RCG / 7.2.3：
Binarization of the Rules / 7.2.4：
An Incremental Earley Parser for Simple RCG / 7.3：
The Algorithm / 7.3.1：
Filters / 7.3.2：
Introduction to Range Concatenation Grammars / 7.4：
Definition of RCG / 8.1.1：
Relations to Other Formalisms / 8.1.2：
Literal Movement Grammars / 8.2.1：
CFG, TAG and MCFG / 8.2.2：
Parsing Range Concatenation Grammars / 8.3：
Basic RCG Parsing / 9.1：
CYK Parsing with Passive Items / 9.1.1：
Non-directional Top-Down Parsing / 9.1.2：
Directional Top-Down Parsing / 9.1.3：
Optimizations / 9.1.4：
Parsing with Constraint Propagation / 9.2：
Range Constraints / 9.2.1：
CYK Parsing with Active Items / 9.2.2：
Earley Parsing / 9.2.3：
Embedded Push-Down Automata / 9.3：
Definition of EPDA / 10.1.1：
EPDA and TAG / 10.1.2：
Bottom-Up Embedded Push-Down Automata / 10.1.3：
?-Order EPDA / 10.1.4：
Two-Stack Automata / 10.2：
General Definition / 10.2.1：
Strongly-Driven Two-Stack Automata / 10.2.2：
Thread Automata / 10.3：
Idea / 10.3.1：
General Definition of TA / 10.3.2：
Constructing a TA for a TAG / 10.3.3：
Constructing a TA for an Ordered SRCG / 10.3.4：
Hierarchy of Grammar Formalisms / 10.4：
List of Acronyms / Appendix B：
Solutions
References
Index
Introduction / 1：
Formal Grammars and Natural Languages / 1.1：
Parsing Beyond CFGs / 1.2：
7.

電子ブック
ＥＢ
7. Parsing Beyond Context-Free Grammars
Laura Kallmeyer
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Formal Grammars and Natural Languages / 1.1：
Parsing Beyond CFGs / 1.2：
What This Book Is Not About / 1.3：
Overview of the Book / 1.4：
Grammar Formalisms for Natural Languages / 1.4.1：
Parsing: Preliminaries / 1.4.2：
Tree Adjoining Grammars / 1.4.3：
MCFG and LCFRS / 1.4.4：
Range Concatenation Grammars / 1.4.5：
Automata / 1.4.6：
Some Basic Definitions / 1.5：
Languages / 1.5.1：
Context-Free Grammars / 1.5.2：
Trees / 1.5.3：
Context-Free Grammars and Natural Languages / 2：
The Generative Capacity of CFGs / 2.1.1：
CFGs and Lexicalization / 2.1.2：
Mild Context-Sensitivity / 2.1.3：
Grammar Formalisms Beyond CFG / 2.2：
Linear Indexed Grammars / 2.2.1：
Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems / 2.2.3：
Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars / 2.2.4：
Multiple Context-Free Grammars / 2.2.5：
Summary / 2.2.6：
Parsing as Deduction / 3：
Motivation / 3.1.1：
Items / 3.1.2：
Deduction Rules / 3.1.3：
Implementation Issues / 3.2：
Dynamic Programming / 3.2.1：
Chart Parsing and Tabulation / 3.2.2：
Hypergraphs / 3.2.3：
Properties of Parsing Algorithms / 3.3：
Soundness and Completeness / 3.3.1：
Complexity / 3.3.2：
Valid Prefix Property / 3.3.3：
Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars / 3.4：
Definition of TAG / 4.1.1：
Formal Properties / 4.1.2：
Linguistic Principles for TAG / 4.1.3：
Extended Domain of Locality and Factoring of Recursion / 4.1.4：
Constituency and Dependencies / 4.1.5：
Equivalent Formalisms / 4.2：
Tree-Local MCTAG / 4.2.1：
Combinatory Categorial Grammars / 4.2.2：
Parsing Tree Adjoining Grammars / 4.3：
A CYK Parser for TAG / 5.1：
The Recognizer / 5.1.1：
An Earley Parser for TAG / 5.1.2：
Inference Rules / 5.2.1：
Extending the Algorithm to Substitution / 5.2.4：
The Parser / 5.2.5：
Properties of the Algorithm / 5.2.6：
Prefix Valid Earley Parsing / 5.2.7：
An LR Parser for TAG / 5.3：
Construction of the Automation / 5.3.1：
Multiple Context-Free Grammars and Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems / 5.3.3：
Introduction to MCFG, LCFRS and Simple RCG / 6.1：
Applications / 6.1.1：
Set-Local Multicomponent TAG / 6.2：
Minimalist Grammars / 6.2.2：
Finite-Copying LFG / 6.2.3：
Parsing MCFG, LCFRS and Simple RCG / 6.3：
CYK Parsing of MCFG / 7.1：
The Basic Algorithm / 7.1.1：
The Naïve Algorithm / 7.1.2：
The Active Algorithm / 7.1.3：
The Incremental Algorithm / 7.1.4：
Prediction Strategies / 7.1.5：
Simplifying Simple RCGs / 7.2：
Eliminating Useless Rules / 7.2.1：
Eliminating ?-Rules / 7.2.2：
Ordered Simple RCG / 7.2.3：
Binarization of the Rules / 7.2.4：
An Incremental Earley Parser for Simple RCG / 7.3：
The Algorithm / 7.3.1：
Filters / 7.3.2：
Introduction to Range Concatenation Grammars / 7.4：
Definition of RCG / 8.1.1：
Relations to Other Formalisms / 8.1.2：
Literal Movement Grammars / 8.2.1：
CFG, TAG and MCFG / 8.2.2：
Parsing Range Concatenation Grammars / 8.3：
Basic RCG Parsing / 9.1：
CYK Parsing with Passive Items / 9.1.1：
Non-directional Top-Down Parsing / 9.1.2：
Directional Top-Down Parsing / 9.1.3：
Optimizations / 9.1.4：
Parsing with Constraint Propagation / 9.2：
Range Constraints / 9.2.1：
CYK Parsing with Active Items / 9.2.2：
Earley Parsing / 9.2.3：
Embedded Push-Down Automata / 9.3：
Definition of EPDA / 10.1.1：
EPDA and TAG / 10.1.2：
Bottom-Up Embedded Push-Down Automata / 10.1.3：
?-Order EPDA / 10.1.4：
Two-Stack Automata / 10.2：
General Definition / 10.2.1：
Strongly-Driven Two-Stack Automata / 10.2.2：
Thread Automata / 10.3：
Idea / 10.3.1：
General Definition of TA / 10.3.2：
Constructing a TA for a TAG / 10.3.3：
Constructing a TA for an Ordered SRCG / 10.3.4：
Hierarchy of Grammar Formalisms / 10.4：
List of Acronyms / Appendix B：
Solutions
References
Index
Introduction / 1：
Formal Grammars and Natural Languages / 1.1：
Parsing Beyond CFGs / 1.2：
8.

図書
図書
8. Essential quantum optics : from quantum measurements to black holes (: hbk ; : pbk)
Ulf Leonhardt
出版情報: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2010  xii, 277 p. ; 26 cm
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Acknowledgements
Introduction / 1：
A note to the reader / 1.1：
Quantum theory / 1.2：
Axioms / 1.2.1：
Quantum statistics / 1.2.2：
Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures / 1.2.3：
On the questions and homework problems / 1.3：
Further reading / 1.4：
Quantum field theory of light / 2：
Light in media / 2.1：
Maxwell's equations / 2.1.1：
Quantum commutator / 2.1.2：
Light modes / 2.2：
Modes and their scalar product / 2.2.1：
Bose commutation relations / 2.2.2：
Interference / 2.2.3：
Monochromatic modes / 2.2.4：
Zero-point energy and Casimir force / 2.3：
An attractive cavity / 2.3.1：
Reflections / 2.3.2：
Questions / 2.4：
Homework problem / 2.5：
Simple quantum states of light / 2.6：
The electromagnetic oscillator / 3.1：
Single-mode states / 3.2：
Quadrature states / 3.2.1：
Fock states / 3.2.2：
Thermal states / 3.2.3：
Coherent states / 3.2.4：
Uncertainty and squeezing / 3.3：
Quasiprobability distributions / 3.4：
Wigner representation / 4.1：
Wigner's formula / 4.1.1：
Basic properties / 4.1.2：
Examples / 4.1.3：
Other quasiprobability distributions / 4.2：
Q function / 4.2.1：
P function / 4.2.2：
s-parameterized quasiprobability distributions / 4.2.3：
Simple optical instruments / 4.3：
Beam splitter / 5.1：
Heisenberg picture / 5.1.1：
Schrödinger picture / 5.1.2：
Fock representation and wave-particle dualism / 5.1.3：
Detection / 5.2：
Photodetector / 5.2.1：
Balanced homodyne detection / 5.2.2：
Quantum tomography / 5.2.3：
Simultaneous measurement of conjugate variables / 5.2.4：
Irrevesible processes / 5.3：
Lindblad's theorem / 6.1：
Irreversibility / 6.1.1：
Reversible dynamics / 6.1.2：
Irreversible dynamics / 6.1.3：
Loss and gain / 6.2：
Absorption and amplification / 6.2.1：
Absorber / 6.2.2：
Amplifier / 6.2.3：
Eavesdropper / 6.2.4：
Continuous quantum measurements / 6.3：
Entanglement / 6.4：
Parametric amplifier / 7.1：
Einstein-Podolski-Rosen state / 7.1.1：
Quantum teleportation / 7.1.4：
Polarization correlations / 7.2：
Singlet state / 7.2.1：
Polarization / 7.2.2：
Bell's theorem / 7.2.3：
Horizons / 7.3：
Minkowski space / 8.1：
Locality and relativity / 8.1.1：
Space-time geometry / 8.1.2：
Light / 8.1.3：
Accelerated observers / 8.2：
Rindler coordinates / 8.2.1：
Accelerated modes / 8.2.2：
Unruh effect / 8.2.3：
Moving media / 8.3：
Motivation / 8.3.1：
Trans-Planckian problem / 8.3.2：
Light in moving media / 8.3.3：
Geometry of light / 8.3.4：
Hawking radiation / 8.3.5：
Stress of the quantum vacuum / 8.4：
State reconstruction in quantum mechanics / Appendix B：
References
Index
Irreversible processes
Appendixes
Acknowledgements
Introduction / 1：
A note to the reader / 1.1：
9.

電子ブック
ＥＢ
9. Computational Lithography
Xu Ma, Gonzalo R. Arce
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2010
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Preface
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Introduction / 1：
Optical Lithography / 1.1：
Optical Lithography and Integrated Circuits / 1.1.1：
Brief History of Optical Lithography Systems / 1.1.2：
Rayleigh's Resolution / 1.2：
Resist Processes and Characteristics / 1.3：
Techniques in Computational Lithography / 1.4：
Optical Proximity Correction / 1.4.1：
Phase-Shifting Masks / 1.4.2：
Off-Axis Illumination / 1.4.3：
Second-Generation RETs / 1.4.4：
Outline / 1.5：
Optical Lithography Systems / 2：
Partially Coherent Imaging Systems / 2.1：
Abbe's Model / 2.1.1：
Hopkins Diffraction Model / 2.1.2：
Coherent and Incoherent Imaging Systems / 2.1.3：
Approximation Models / 2.2：
Fourier Series Expansion Model / 2.2.1：
Singular Value Decomposition Model / 2.2.2：
Average Coherent Approximation Model / 2.2.3：
Discussion and Comparison / 2.2.4：
Summary / 2.3：
Rule-Based Resolution Enhancement Techniques / 3：
RET Types / 3.1：
Rule-Based RETs / 3.1.1：
Model-Based RETs / 3.1.2：
Hybrid RETs / 3.1.3：
Rule-Based OPC / 3.2：
Catastrophic OPC / 3.2.1：
One-Dimensional OPC / 3.2.2：
Line-Shortening Reduction OPC / 3.2.3：
Two-Dimensional OPC / 3.2.4：
Rule-Based PSM / 3.3：
Dark-Field Application / 3.3.1：
Light-Field Application / 3.3.2：
Rule-Based OAI / 3.4：
Fundamentals of Optimization / 3.5：
Definition and Classification / 4.1：
Definitions in the Optimization Problem / 4.1.1：
Classification of Optimization Problems / 4.1.2：
Unconstrained Optimization / 4.2：
Solution of Unconstrained Optimization Problem / 4.2.1：
Unconstrained Optimization Algorithms / 4.2.2：
Computational Lithography with Coherent Illumination / 4.3：
Problem Formulation / 5.1：
OPC Optimization / 5.2：
OPC Design Algorithm / 5.2.1：
Simulations / 5.2.2：
Two-Phase PSM Optimization / 5.3：
Two-Phase PSM Design Algorithm / 5.3.1：
Generalized PSM Optimization / 5.3.2：
Generalized PSM Design Algorithm / 5.4.1：
Resist Modeling Effects / 5.4.2：
Regularization Framework / 5.6：
Discretization Penalty / 6.1：
Discretization Penalty for OPC Optimization / 6.1.1：
Discretization Penalty for Two-Phase PSM Optimization / 6.1.2：
Discretization Penalty for Generalized PSM Optimization / 6.1.3：
Complexity Penalty / 6.2：
Total Variation Penalty / 6.2.1：
Global Wavelet Penalty / 6.2.2：
Localized Wavelet Penalty / 6.2.3：
Computational Lithography with Partially Coherent Illumination / 6.3：
OPC Design Algorithm Using the Fourier Series Expansion Model / 7.1：
Simulations Using the Fourier Series Expansion Model / 7.1.2：
OPC Design Algorithm Using the Average Coherent Approximation Model / 7.1.3：
Simulations Using the Average Coherent Approximation Model / 7.1.4：
PSM Optimization / 7.1.5：
PSM Design Algorithm Using the Singular Value Decomposition Model / 7.2.1：
Discretization Regularization for PSM Design Algorithm / 7.2.2：
Other RET Optimization Techniques / 7.2.3：
Double-Patterning Method / 8.1：
Post-Processing Based on 2D DCT / 8.2：
Photoresist Tone Reversing Method / 8.3：
Source and Mask Optimization / 8.4：
Lithography Preliminaries / 9.1：
Topological Constraint / 9.2：
Source-Mask Optimization Algorithm / 9.3：
Coherent Thick-Mask Optimization / 9.4：
Kirchhoff Boundary Conditions / 10.1：
Boundary Layer Model / 10.2：
Boundary Layer Model in Coherent Imaging Systems / 10.2.1：
Boundary Layer Model in Partially Coherent Imaging Systems / 10.2.2：
OPC Optimization Algorithm Based on BL Model Under Coherent Illumination / 10.3：
PSM Optimization Algorithm Based on BL Model Under Coherent Illumination / 10.4.3：
Conclusions and New Directions of Computational Lithography / 10.5.3：
Conclusion / 11.1：
New Directions of Computational Lithography / 11.2：
OPC Optimization for the Next-Generation Lithography Technologies / 11.2.1：
Initialization Approach for the Inverse Lithography Optimization / 11.2.2：
Double Patterning and Double Exposure Methods in Partially Coherent Imaging System / 11.2.3：
OPC and PSM Optimizations for Inverse Lithography Based on Rigorous Mask Models in Partially Coherent Imaging System / 11.2.4：
Simultaneous Source and Mask Optimization for Inverse Lithography Based on Rigorous Mask Models / 11.2.5：
Investigation of Factors Influencing the Complexity of the OPC and PSM Optimization Algorithms / 11.2.6：
Formula Derivation in Chapter 5 / Appendix A：
Manhattan Geometry / Appendix B：
Formula Derivation in Chapter 6 / Appendix C：
Formula Derivation in Chapter 7 / Appendix D：
Formula Derivation in Chapter 8 / Appendix E：
Formula Derivation in Chapter 9 / Appendix F：
Formula Derivation in Chapter 10 / Appendix G：
Software Guide / Appendix H：
References
Index
Preface
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
10.

電子ブック
ＥＢ
10. Automata for Branching and Layered Temporal Structures
Gabriele Puppis, Takeo Kanade
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Introduction / 1：
Word Automata and Time Granularities / 2：
Background Knowledge / 2.1：
Words and Languages / 2.1.1：
Periodicity of Words / 2.1.2：
Word Automata / 2.1.3：
Time Granularities / 2.1.4：
The String-Based and Automaton-Based Approaches / 2.2：
The Granspec Formalism / 2.2.1：
From Granspecs to Single-String Automata / 2.2.2：
Counters and Multiple Transitions / 2.2.3：
The Logical Counterpart of RCSSA / 2.2.4：
Compact and Tractable Representations / 2.3：
Nested Repetitions of Words / 2.3.1：
Algorithms on NCSSA / 2.3.2：
Optimizing Representations / 2.3.3：
Reasoning on Sets of Granularities / 2.4：
Languages of Ultimately Periodic Words / 2.4.1：
Ultimately Periodic Automata / 2.4.2：
Algorithms on UPA / 2.4.3：
Applications to Time Granularity / 2.4.4：
Discussion / 2.5：
Tree Automata and Logics / 3：
Graphs and Trees / 3.1：
Tree Automata / 3.1.2：
Monadic Second-Order Logic / 3.1.3：
The Model Checking Problem / 3.1.4：
The Contraction Method for Tree Automata / 3.2：
Features and Types / 3.2.1：
Types and the Acceptance Problem / 3.2.2：
From Trees to Their Retractions / 3.2.3：
An Example / 3.2.4：
Tree Transformations / 3.3：
Tree Recolorings / 3.3.1：
Tree Substitutions / 3.3.2：
Tree Transducers / 3.3.3：
Inverse Substitutions / 3.3.4：
A Summary / 3.3.5：
The Class of Reducible Trees / 3.4：
Compositional Properties of Types / 3.4.1：
Closure Properties / 3.4.2：
Effectiveness of the Contraction Method / 3.5：
Reducible Trees and the Caucal Hierarchy / 3.5.1：
Two-Way Alternating Tree Automata / 3.5.2：
Morphic Trees / 3.5.3：
Layered Temporal Structures / 3.5.4：
Summary / 3.6：
Technical Proofs / A：
Proofs of Theorem 5 and Theorem 6 / A.l：
Proof of Theorem 8 / A.2：
Proof of Proposition 34 / A.3：
References
Notation
Index
Introduction / 1：
Word Automata and Time Granularities / 2：
Background Knowledge / 2.1：
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