Cooperative Effects in Plasmas / B.B. KadomtsevPart 1: |
Preliminaries / 1: |
Nonlinear Waves / 2: |
Waves and Particles / 3: |
Plasma in a Magnetic Field / 4: |
Linear Waves / 5: |
Relativistic Interaction of Laser Pulse With Plasmas / S.V. Bulanov ; F. Califano ; G.I. Dudnikova ; T.Zh. Esirkepov ; I.N. Inovenkov ; F.F. Kamenets ; T.V. Liseikina ; M. Lontano ; K. Mima ; N. M. Naumova ; K. Nishihara ; F. Pegoraro ; H. Ruhl ; A.S. Sakharov ; Y. Sentoku ; V.A. Vshivkov ; V.V. ZhakhovskiiPart 2: |
Introduction |
Relativistically strong electromagnetic waves in underdense plasmas |
Acceleration of charged particles and photons |
Filamentation of the laser light and magnetic interaction of filaments and electromagnetic radiation |
Relativistic solitons |
Interactions of an ultrashort, relativistically strong, laser pulse with an overdense plasma |
Nonlinear interactions of laser pulses with a foil / 6: |
Coulomb explosion of a cluster irradiated by a high intensity laser pulse / 7: |
Conclusions / 8: |
References |
Theoretical Principles of the Plasma-Equilibrium Control in Stellarators / V. D. Pustovitov |
History of the problem and a general review of the theory / 1.: |
The first problems of tokamaks and stellarators / 1.1.: |
The problem of high [beta] / 1.2.: |
Development of the MHD theory of stellarators / 1.3.: |
High [beta] and the problem of plasmaequilibrium control / 1.4.: |
Free-boundary plasma equilibrium / 1.5.: |
Plasma-shape control in stellarators / 1.6.: |
General equations of the theory of plasma equilibrium in conventional stellarators / 2.: |
Stellarator approximation and the magnetic differential equation / 2.1.: |
Real and averaged magnetic surfaces / 2.2.: |
Integral quantities / 2.3.: |
Currents in equilibrium configurations / 2.4.: |
Longitudinal current in a stellarator / 2.5.: |
Two-dimensional equation of plasma equilibrium in stellarators / 2.6.: |
Analytical models / 3.: |
Two-dimensional model of a stellarator / 3.1.: |
Minimal set of parameters / 3.2.: |
Description of the inner part of the plasma / 3.3.: |
Effect of satellite harmonics on the stellarator configuration / 3.4.: |
Control of plasma equilibrium using a vertical magnetic field / 4.: |
Boundary conditions in equilibrium problems / 4.1.: |
Reduction of the boundary conditions / 4.2.: |
Effect of a vertical field on the plasmacolumn position in stellarators / 4.3.: |
Suppression of the Pfirsch-Schluter current in conventional stellarators / 4.4.: |
Integral independence on [beta] and "overcompensation" / 4.5.: |
The influence of a quadrupole field on the stellarator configuration / 5.: |
Control of the vacuum stellarator configuration using a quadrupole field / 5.1.: |
Doublet-like stellarator configurations / 5.2.: |
Control of the rotational-transform profile with the help of the quadrupole field / 5.3.: |
Elongation of the plasma column as a means of increasing [beta][subscript eq] in stellarators / 5.4.: |
List of main symbols |
Fundamentals of Stationary Plasma Thruster Theory / A. I. Morozov ; V. V. Savelyev |
General picture of processes in SPTs |
Principal scheme of an SPT |
Specifics of physical processes in SPTs |
Quasi-autonomous functional units of SPTs |
General system of equations and boundary conditions for SPT processes |
Magnetic and electric fields in SPTs |
Magnetic fields in SPTs |
"Equipotentialization" of the magnetic force lines. Magnetic drift surfaces |
The "loading" of magnetic force lines |
Plasma electric field for the quasi-Maxwellian electron component |
Remarks |
Electron kinetics in the SPT channel |
Characteristics of particle collisions with each other and with the surfaces |
Electron distribution functions in the SPT channel |
Debye layers on the SPT channel walls |
The near-wall conductivity (NWC) |
UHF-oscillations in the SPT channel / 3.5.: |
Some conclusions / 3.6.: |
Erosion of insulators in SPTs |
The role and form of insulator erosion |
Ion sputtering |
Mathematical modeling of the anomalous erosion |
Heavy particle dynamics in the SPT channel |
Dynamics of single heavy particles |
A kinetic description of ionizing heavy particles |
Similarity criteria for discharges in SPT |
The "inverse" problem of heavy particle dynamics |
An analysis of processes using the emerging flux characteristics / 5.5.: |
Estimate of energetic balance components in the SPT-ATON / 5.6.: |
Low-frequency oscillations in SPTs / 6.: |
Experimental data on LF-oscillations in the SPT channel / 6.1.: |
Linear oscillations in a one-dimensional flux model without ionization / 6.2.: |
One-dimensional self-consistent models for plasma flow in an SPT channel / 7.: |
Modeling an SPT in the one-dimensional hydrodynamic approximation / 7.1.: |
The results of calculations in the hydrodynamic model / 7.2.: |
Dynamics of oscillations / 7.3.: |
A hybrid model for the plasma flow in an SPT / 7.4.: |
SPTs in real conditions / 8.: |
The particle influx from the VC into the SPT / 8.1.: |
Preventing particle influx from the VC / 8.2.: |
Supersynchronization phenomenon / 8.3.: |
Appendix |
The necessity of electric propulsion thrusters / A.: |
Preface |
Mechanisma of Transverse Conductivity and Generation of Self-Consistent Electric Fields in Strongly Ionized Magnetized Plasma / V. Rozhansky |
Conductivity Tensor in Partially Ionized Plasma / 1.1: |
Main Mechanisms of Perpendicular Conductivity in Fully Ionized Plasma: Currents Caused by Viscosity, Inertia, Collisions with Neutrals, and [down triangle, open]B, and Mass-Loading Currents / 1.3: |
Inertia Currents / 1.3.1: |
Currents Caused by Ion-Neutral Collisions / 1.3.2: |
Diamagnetic Currents / 1.3.3: |
Viscosity-Driven Currents / 1.3.4: |
Mass-Loading Current / 1.3.5: |
Inertial (Polarization) and [down triangle, open]B Currents. Acceleration of Plasma Clouds in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field / 1.4: |
Alfven Conductivity / 1.5: |
Perpendicular Viscosity, Radial Current, and Radial Electric Field in an Infinite Cylinder / 1.6: |
Current Systems in Front of a Biased Electrode (Flush-Mounted Probe) and Spot of Emission / 1.7: |
Viscosity-Driven Perpendicular Currents / 1.7.1: |
Currents Driven by Ion-Neutral Collisions / 1.7.2: |
General Situation / 1.7.3: |
Spot of Emission / 1.7.5: |
Currents in the Vicinity of a Biased Electrode That is Smaller Than the Ion Gyroradius / 1.8: |
Neoclassical Perpendicular Conductivity in a Tokamak / 1.9: |
Steady State Current / 1.9.1: |
Time-Dependent Current / 1.9.2: |
Transverse Conductivity in a Reversed Field Pinch / 1.10: |
Modeling of Electric Field and Currents in the Tokamak Edge Plasma / 1.11: |
Mechanisms of Anomalous Perpendicular Viscosity and Viscosity-Driven Currents / 1.12: |
Transverse Conductivity in a Stochastic Magnetic Field / 1.13: |
Nonstochastic Magnetic Field / 1.13.1: |
Stochastic Magnetic Field / 1.13.2: |
Electric Fields Generated in the Shielding Layer between Hot Plasma and a Solid State / 1.14: |
Correlations and Anomalous Transport Models / O.G. Bakunin |
Turbulent Diffusion and Transport / 2.1: |
The Correlation Function and the Taylor Diffusivity / 2.2.1: |
The Richardson Law / 2.2.2: |
The Davydov Model of Turbulent Diffusion / 2.2.3: |
The Batchelor Approximation for the Diffusion Coefficient / 2.2.4: |
Nonlocal Effects and Diffusion Equations / 2.3: |
The Functional Equation for Random Walks / 2.3.1: |
Nonlocality and the Levy Distribution / 2.3.2: |
The Monin Fractional Differential Equation / 2.3.3: |
The Corrsin Conjecture / 2.4: |
The Corrsin Independence Hypothesis / 2.4.1: |
The Simplified Corrsin Conjecture / 2.4.2: |
The Correlation Function and Scalings / 2.4.3: |
Effects of Seed Diffusivity / 2.5: |
Seed Diffusivity and Correlations / 2.5.1: |
"Returns" and Correlations / 2.5.2: |
The Stochastic Magnetic Field and Scalings / 2.5.3: |
The Howells Result / 2.5.4: |
The Diffusive Tracer Equation and Averaging / 2.6: |
The Taylor Shear Flow Model / 2.6.1: |
Generalization of the Taylor Model / 2.6.2: |
The Zeldovich Flow and the Kubo Number / 2.6.3: |
Advection and Zeldovich Scaling / 2.6.4: |
The System of Random Shear Flows / 2.7: |
The Dreizin-Dykhne Superdiffusion Regime / 2.7.1: |
The Matheron-de Marsily Model / 2.7.2: |
The "Manhattan Grid" Flow and Transport / 2.7.3: |
The Quasi-Linear Approximation / 2.8: |
Quasi-Linear Equations / 2.8.1: |
Short-Range and Long-Range Correlations / 2.8.2: |
The Telegraph Equation / 2.8.3: |
Magnetic Diffusivity and the Kubo Number / 2.8.4: |
The Diffusive Renormalization / 2.9: |
The Dupree Approximation / 2.9.1: |
The Dupree Theory Revisited / 2.9.2: |
The Taylor-McNamara Correlation Function / 2.9.3: |
The Kadomtsev-Pogutse Renormalization and the Stochastic Magnetic Field / 2.9.4: |
Anomalous Transport and Convective Cells / 2.10: |
Bohm Scaling and Electric Field Fluctuations / 2.10.1: |
The Bohm Regime and Correlations / 2.10.2: |
Convective Cells and Transport / 2.10.3: |
Complex Structures and Convective Transport / 2.10.4: |
Stochastic Instability and Transport / 2.11: |
Stochastic Instability and Correlations / 2.11.1: |
The Rechester-Rosenbluth Model / 2.11.2: |
Collisional Effects and the Stix Formula / 2.11.3: |
The Quasi-Isotropic Stochastic Magnetic Field and Transport / 2.11.4: |
Quasi-Linear Scaling for the Stochastic Instability Increment / 2.11.5: |
Fractal Conceptions and Turbulence / 2.12: |
Fractality and Transport / 2.12.1: |
The Richardson Law and Fractality / 2.12.2: |
Intermittency and the Kolmogorov Law / 2.12.3: |
Percolation and Scalings / 2.13: |
Continuum Percolation and Transport / 2.13.1: |
Renormalization and Percolation / 2.13.2: |
Graded Percolation / 2.13.3: |
Percolation and Turbulent Transport Scalings / 2.14: |
Random Steady Flows and Seed Diffusivity / 2.14.1: |
The Spatial Hierarchy of Scales and Stochastic Instability / 2.14.2: |
Low Frequency Regimes / 2.14.3: |
The Temporal Hierarchy of Scales and Correlations / 2.15: |
The Spatial and Temporal Hierarchy of Scales / 2.15.1: |
The Isichenko Intermediate Regime / 2.15.2: |
Dissipation and Percolation Transport / 2.15.3: |
The Stochastic Magnetic Field and Percolation Transport / 2.16: |
Percolation and the Kadomtsev-Pogutse Scaling / 2.16.1: |
Percolation Renormalization and the Stochastic Instability Increment / 2.16.3: |
Percolation in Drift Flows / 2.17: |
Graded Percolation and Drift Flows / 2.17.1: |
Low Frequency Regimes and Drift Effects / 2.17.2: |
Compressibility and Percolation / 2.17.3: |
Multiscale Flows / 2.18: |
The Nested Hierarchy of Scales and Drift Effects / 2.18.1: |
The Brownian Landscape and Percolation / 2.18.2: |
Correlations and Transport Scalings / 2.18.3: |
The Diffusive Approximation and the Multiscale Model / 2.18.4: |
Stochastic Instability and Time Scales / 2.18.5: |
Isotropic and Anisotropic Turbulent Energy Spectra / 2.18.6: |
The Multiscale Model of Transport in a Tangled Magnetic Field / 2.18.7: |
Subdiffusion and Traps / 2.19: |
The Balagurov and Vaks Model of Diffusion with Traps / 2.19.1: |
Subdiffusion and Fractality / 2.19.2: |
Comb Structures and Transport / 2.19.3: |
Continuous Time Random Walks / 2.20: |
The Montroll and Weiss Approach and Memory Effects / 2.20.1: |
Fractional Differential Equations / 2.20.2: |
The Taylor Definition and Memory Effects / 2.20.3: |
Fractional Differential Equations and Scalings / 2.21: |
The Klafter, Blumen, and Shlesinger Approximation / 2.21.1: |
The Stochastic Magnetic Field and Balescu Approach / 2.21.2: |
Longitudinal Correlations and the Diffusive Approximation / 2.21.3: |
Vortex Structures and Trapping / 2.21.4: |
Correlations and Trapping / 2.21.5: |
Correlation and Phase-Space / 2.22: |
The Corrsin Conjecture and Phase-Space / 2.22.1: |
The Hamiltonian Nature of the Universal Hurst Exponent / 2.22.2: |
The One-Flight Model and Transport / 2.22.3: |
Correlations and Nonlocal Velocity Distribution / 2.22.4: |
The Arrhenius Law and Phase-Space Distribution / 2.22.5: |
Conclusion / 2.23: |
Acknowledgements |