Preface |
Basics and Instrument Overview / Part I: |
Introduction / Chapter 1: |
The Reasons for Using Infrared Instruments / 1.1: |
Advantages of Noncontact Thermal Measurement / 1.2: |
Some Historical Background / 1.3: |
An Overview of This Text / 1.4: |
Basics of Noncontact Thermal Measurements / Chapter 2: |
Heat Transfer and Radiation Exchange Basics / 2.1: |
Heat and Temperature / 2.1.1: |
Converting Temperature Units / 2.1.2: |
The Three Modes of Heat Transfer / 2.1.3: |
Conduction / 2.1.4: |
Convection / 2.1.5: |
Radiation / 2.1.6: |
Radiation Exchange at the Target Surface / 2.1.7: |
Specular and Diffuse Surfaces / 2.1.8: |
Transient Heat Exchange / 2.1.9: |
The Infrared Measurement Problem / 2.2: |
Noncontact Thermal Measurements / 2.2.1: |
The Target Surface / 2.2.2: |
The Transmitting Medium / 2.2.3: |
The Measuring Instrument / 2.2.4: |
Introduction to Thermal Scanning and Imaging Instruments / 2.3: |
Line Scanning / 2.3.1: |
Two-dimensional Scanning / 2.3.2: |
Multidetector Scanners and SPRITE Technology / 2.3.3: |
Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) Imagers / 2.3.4: |
Pyroelectric Vidicon Thermal Imagers / 2.3.5: |
Matching the Instrument to the Application / Chapter 3: |
Point-Sensing Instruments / 3.1: |
Scanners and Imagers--Qualitative and Quantitative / 3.2: |
Performance Parameters of Imaging Radiometers / 3.2.1: |
Thermal Imaging Software / 3.3: |
Overview of Instruments / Chapter 4: |
Introduction and Classification of Instruments / 4.1: |
Instrument Manufacturers / 4.2: |
Discussion of Instruments / 4.3: |
Point Sensors (Radiation Thermometers) / 4.3.1: |
Infrared Thermocouples and Probes / 4.3.1.1: |
Portable Hand-held Group / 4.3.1.2: |
On-line Monitoring and Control / 4.3.1.3: |
Special / 4.3.1.4: |
Line Scanners / 4.3.2: |
Portable Line Scanner / 4.3.2.1: |
On-line (Monitoring and Control) Line Scanners / 4.3.2.2: |
Thermographic / 4.3.3: |
Mechanically Scanned Thermal Viewers / 4.3.3.1: |
Electronically Scanned Thermal Viewers (Pyrovidicon Imagers) / 4.3.3.2: |
"Staring" FPA Thermal Viewers (Qualitative) / 4.3.3.3: |
Thermographic Raster Scanners (Imaging Radiometers) / 4.3.3.4: |
FPA Imaging Radiometers (Quantitative) / 4.3.3.5: |
Thermal Imaging Diagnostic Software / 4.4: |
Quantitative Thermal Measurements of Targets / 4.4.1: |
Detailed Processing and Image Diagnostics / 4.4.2: |
Image Recording, Storage and Recovery / 4.4.3: |
Image Comparison / 4.4.4: |
Report and Database Preparation / 4.4.5: |
Recording, Hard Copy and Storage of Images and Data / 4.5: |
Using Ir Sensing and Imaging Instruments / Chapter 5: |
Introduction: The Thermal Behavior of the Target / 5.1: |
Emissivity Difference / 5.1.1: |
Reflectance Difference / 5.1.2: |
Transmittance Difference / 5.1.3: |
Geometric Difference / 5.1.4: |
Mass Transport Difference / 5.1.5: |
Phase-change Difference / 5.1.6: |
Thermal Capacitance Difference / 5.1.7: |
Induced Heating Difference / 5.1.8: |
Energy Conversion Difference / 5.1.9: |
Direct Heat Transfer Difference / 5.1.10: |
Learning about the Target Environment / 5.1.11: |
Preparation of Equipment for Operation / 5.2: |
Calibration / 5.2.1: |
Checking Calibration / 5.2.1.1: |
Transfer Calibration / 5.2.1.2: |
The Equipment Checklist / 5.2.2: |
Equipment Checkout and Calibration / 5.2.3: |
Batteries / 5.2.4: |
Avoiding Common Mistakes in Instrument Operation / 5.3: |
Start-up Procedure / 5.3.1: |
Memorizing the Default Values / 5.3.2: |
Setting the Correct Emissivity / 5.3.3: |
Filling the IFOV meas for Accurate Temperature Measurements / 5.3.4: |
Aiming Normal to the Target Surface / 5.3.5: |
Recognizing and Avoiding Reflections from External Sources / 5.3.6: |
Avoiding Radiant Heat Damage to the Instrument / 5.3.7: |
Instrument Applications / Part II: |
Introduction to Applications / Chapter 6: |
Plant Condition Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance / Chapter 7: |
Electrical / 7.1: |
High Electrical Resistance / 7.2.1: |
Short Circuits / 7.2.2: |
Open Circuits / 7.2.3: |
Inductive Currents / 7.2.4: |
Energized Grounds / 7.2.5: |
Condition Guidelines / 7.2.6: |
Mechanical / 7.3: |
Friction / 7.3.1: |
Valve or Pipe Blockage/Leakage / 7.3.2: |
Insulation within the Plant or Facility / 7.3.3: |
Miscellaneous Applications / 7.4: |
Rebar Location / 7.4.1: |
Condenser Air In-leakage / 7.4.2: |
Containment Spray Ring Headers / 7.4.3: |
Hydrogen Igniters / 7.4.4: |
Effluent Thermal Plumes / 7.4.5: |
Buildings and Infrastructure / Chapter 8: |
Measuring Insulating Properties / 8.1: |
Considering the Total Structure / 8.3: |
Industrial Roof Moisture Detection / 8.4: |
Thermographic Inspection of Our Aging Infrastructure / 8.5: |
Materials Testing / Chapter 9: |
Materials Testing--Infrared Nondestructive Testing / 9.1: |
Failure Modes and Establishment of Acceptance Criteria / 9.2: |
Selecting the IR Imaging System / 9.3: |
Pulsed Heat Injection Applications / 9.4: |
Boiler Tube Corrosion Thinning Assessment / 9.4.1: |
Infrastructure NDT / 9.5: |
Product and Process Monitoring and Control / Chapter 10: |
The Evolution of Noncontact Process Control / 10.1: |
Full Image Process Monitoring / 10.2: |
Product Monitoring of Semiconductors / 10.3: |
Steel Wire Drawing Machine Monitoring / 10.4: |
Full Image Process Control / 10.5: |
Closing the Loop--Examples / 10.6: |
Night Vision, Security and Surveillance / Chapter 11: |
Nonmilitary Applications / 11.1: |
Aerial and Ground (Sea) Based Search and Rescue / 11.2.1: |
Firefighting / 11.2.2: |
Space and Airborne Reconnaissance / 11.2.3: |
Police Surveillance and Crime Detection and Security / 11.2.4: |
Drivers' Aid Night Vision / 11.2.5: |
Commercial Instrument Performance Characteristics / Appendix A: |
Manufacturers of Ir Sensing and Imaging Instruments / Appendix B: |
Generic Emissivities of Materials / Appendix C: |
Preface |
Basics and Instrument Overview / Part I: |
Introduction / Chapter 1: |