close
1.

図書
図書
1. Bionanodesign : following nature's touch
Maxim Ryadnov
出版情報: Cambridge : RSC Publishing, c2009  ix, 238 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: RSC nanoscience & nanotechnology ; no.7
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Introductory Notes / Chapter 1：
Inspiring Hierarchical / 1.1：
Encoding Instructive / 1.2：
Starting Lowest / 1.3：
Picturing Biological / 1.4：
References
Recycling Hereditary / Chapter 2：
Coding Dual / 2.1：
Deoxyribonucleic / 2.1.1：
Building up in Two / 2.1.1.1：
Keeping in Shape / 2.1.1.2：
Priming Topological / 2.1.2：
Resequencing Basic / 2.1.2.1：
Choosing the Fittest / 2.1.2.1.1：
Evolving Diverse / 2.1.2.1.2：
Primary Motifs / 2.1.2.2：
Gluing Universal / 2.1.2.2.1：
Alienating Axial / 2.1.2.2.2：
Fixing Spatial / 2.2：
Hinting Geometric: Secondary Motifs / 2.2.1：
Crossing Double / 2.2.1.1：
Reporting Visible / 2.2.1.1.1：
Translating Symmetrical / 2.2.1.1.2：
Extending Cohesive / 2.2.1.2：
Sharing Mutual / 2.2.1.2.1：
Multiplying Traversal / 2.2.1.2.2：
Tiling Square / 2.2.1.2.3：
Scaffolding Algorithmic / 2.3：
Pursuing Autonomous / 2.3.1：
Lengthening to Shorten / 2.3.1.1：
Gathering to Limit / 2.3.1.2：
Assigning Arbitrary / 2.3.2：
Synchronising Local / 2.3.2.1：
Prescribing General / 2.3.2.2：
Adding up to Third / 2.3.3：
Wrapping to Shut / 2.3.3.1：
Framing to Classify / 2.3.3.2：
Outlook / 2.4：
Recaging Within / Chapter 3：
Enclosing to Deliver / 3.1：
Transporting Foreign / 3.1.1：
Fitting Flat and Straight / 3.1.1.1：
Spiralling Along / 3.1.1.2：
Packing Out and In / 3.1.2：
Spooling Around / 3.1.2.1：
Tunnelling Through
Escaping Walled / 3.1.3：
Capturing On and Off / 3.1.3.1：
Storing Exchangeable / 3.1.3.2：
Reacting Nano / 3.2：
Clustering Spherical / 3.2.1：
Contriving Consistent / 3.2.1.1：
Scaling Hosting / 3.2.1.2：
Following Linear / 3.2.2：
Channelling Inner
Converting Outer
Repairing from Inside / 3.3：
Uninviting Levy / 3.3.1：
Necessitating Exterior / 3.3.2：
Antagonising Dressing / 3.3.2.1：
Renting Occasional / 3.3.2.1.2：
Phasing West / 3.3.2.2：
Facing Concentric / 3.3.2.2.1：
Encircling Between / 3.3.2.2.2：
Singling Out Unique / 3.3.2.2.3：
Sharing the Balance / 3.3.3：
Driving Symmetrical / 3.3.3.1：
Sealing Annular / 3.3.3.2：
Reassembling Multiple / 3.4：
Keeping All in Touch / 4.1：
Unravelling the Essential / 4.1.1：
Winding Three in One / 4.1.1.1：
Aligning Stagger / 4.1.1.2：
Tapering Polar / 4.1.1.3：
Branching and Stretching / 4.1.1.4：
Replicating Apparent / 4.1.2：
Scraping Refusal / 4.1.2.1：
Tempting Compatible / 4.1.2.2：
Likening Synthetic / 4.1.2.3：
Recovering Intelligent / 4.1.2.4：
Restoring Available / 4.2：
Prompting Longitudinal / 4.2.1：
Invoking Granted / 4.2.1.1：
Reposing Modular / 4.3：
Displacing Coil / 4.3.1：
Settling Lateral / 4.3.2：
Bundling Exclusive / 4.3.2.1：
Permitting Distinctive / 4.3.2.2：
Inviting Captive / 4.3.2.3：
Clearing Limiting / 4.3.3：
Equilibrating Transitional / 4.3.3.1：
Extracting Minimal / 4.3.3.2：
Gambling Beyond / 4.4：
Guiding Proliferative / 4.4.1：
Feeding Proximate / 4.4.1.1：
Rooting Renewal / 4.4.1.2：
Accepting Inescapable / 4.4.2：
Patterning Positional / 4.4.2.1：
Relating Interfacial / 4.4.2.2：
Grafting Integral / 4.4.2.3：
Concluding Remarks / 4.5：
Learning Fluent / 5.1：
Parsing Semantic / 5.2：
Drawing Pragmatic / 5.3：
Revealing Contributory / Chapter 6：
Subject Index
Introductory Notes / Chapter 1：
Inspiring Hierarchical / 1.1：
Encoding Instructive / 1.2：
2.

図書
図書
2. Enzyme kinetics : principles and methods. 2nd, revised and update ed
Hans Bisswanger
出版情報: Weinheim : WILEY-VCH, c2008  xviii, 301 p. ; 25 cm
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Preface to the Second English Edition
Preface to the First English Edition
Symbols and Abbreviations
Introduction and Definitions
References
Multiple Equilibria / 1：
Diffusion / 1.1：
Interaction between Macromolecules and Ligands / 1.2：
Binding Constants / 1.2.1：
Macromolecules with One Binding Site / 1.2.2：
Macromolecules with Identical Independent Binding Sites / 1.3：
General Binding Equation / 1.3.1：
Graphic Representations of the Binding Equation / 1.3.2：
Direct and Linear Diagrams / 1.3.2.1：
Analysis of Binding Data from Spectroscopic Titrations / 1.3.2.2：
Binding of Different Ligands, Competition / 1.3.3：
Non-competitive Binding / 1.3.4：
Macromolecules with Non-identical, Independent Binding Sites / 1.4：
Macromolecules with Identical, Interacting Binding Sites, Cooperativity / 1.5：
The Hill Equation / 1.5.1：
The Adair Equation / 1.5.2：
The Pauling Model / 1.5.3：
Allosteric Enzymes / 1.5.4：
The Symmetry or Concerted Model / 1.5.5：
The Sequential Model and Negative Cooperativity / 1.5.6：
Analysis of Cooperativity / 1.5.7：
Physiological Aspects of Cooperativity / 1.5.8：
Examples of Allosteric Enzymes / 1.5.9：
Hemoglobin / 1.5.9.1：
Aspartate Transcarbamoylase / 1.5.9.2：
Aspartokinase / 1.5.9.3：
Phosphofructokinase / 1.5.9.4：
Allosteric Regulation of the Glycogen Metabolism / 1.5.9.5：
Membrane Bound Enzymes and Receptors / 1.5.9.6：
Non-identical, Interacting Binding Sites / 1.6：
Enzyme Kinetics / 2：
Reaction Order / 2.1：
First Order Reactions / 2.1.1：
Second Order Reactions / 2.1.2：
Zero Order Reactions / 2.1.3：
Steady-State Kinetics and the Michaelis-Menten Equation / 2.2：
Derivation of the Michaelis-Menten Equation / 2.2.1：
Analysis of Enzyme Kinetic Data / 2.3：
Graphical Representations of the Michaelis-Menten Equation / 2.3.1：
Direct and Semi-logarithmic Representations / 2.3.1.1：
Direct Linear Plots / 2.3.1.2：
Linearization Methods / 2.3.1.3：
Analysis of Progress Curves / 2.3.2：
Integrated Michaelis-Menten Equation / 2.3.2.1：
Determination of Reaction Rates / 2.3.2.2：
Graphic Methods for Rate Determination / 2.3.2.3：
Graphic Determination of True Initial Rates / 2.3.2.4：
Reversible Enzyme Reactions / 2.4：
Rate Equation for Reversible Enzyme Reactions / 2.4.1：
The Haldane Relationship / 2.4.2：
Product Inhibition / 2.4.3：
Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5：
Unspecific Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5.1：
Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5.2：
General Features of Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5.2.1：
Suicide Substrates / 2.5.2.2：
Transition State Analogs / 2.5.2.3：
Analysis of Irreversible Inhibitions / 2.5.2.4：
Reversible Enzyme Inhibition / 2.5.3：
General Rate Equation / 2.5.3.1：
Non-Competitive Inhibition and Graphic Representation of Inhibition Data / 2.5.3.2：
Competitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.3：
Uncompetitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.4：
Partially Non-competitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.5：
Partially Uncompetitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.6：
Partially Competitive Inhibition / 2.5.3.7：
Noncompetitive and Uncompetitive Product Inhibition / 2.5.3.8：
Substrate Inhibition / 2.5.3.9：
Enzyme Reactions with Two Competing Substrates / 2.5.4：
Different Enzymes Catalyzing the Same Reaction / 2.5.5：
Multi-substrate Reactions / 2.6：
Nomenclature / 2.6.1：
Random Mechanism / 2.6.2：
Ordered Mechanism / 2.6.3：
Ping-pong Mechanism / 2.6.4：
Product Inhibition in Multi-substrate Reactions / 2.6.5：
Haldane Relationships in Multi-substrate Reactions / 2.6.6：
Mechanisms with more than Two Substrates / 2.6.7：
Other Nomenclatures for Multi-substrate Reactions / 2.6.8：
Derivation of Rate Equations of Complex Enzyme Mechanisms / 2.7：
King-Altmann Method / 2.7.1：
Simplified Derivations Applying Graph Theory / 2.7.2：
Combination of Equilibrium and Steady State Approach / 2.7.3：
Kinetic Treatment of Allosteric Enzymes / 2.8：
Hysteretic Enzymes / 2.8.1：
Kinetic Cooperativity, the Slow Transition Model / 2.8.2：
pH and Temperature Dependence of Enzymes / 2.9：
pH Optimum and Determination of pK Values / 2.9.1：
pH Stability / 2.9.2：
Temperature Dependence / 2.9.3：
Isotope Exchange / 2.10：
Isotope Exchange Kinetics / 2.10.1：
Isotope Effects / 2.10.2：
Primary Kinetic Isotope Effect / 2.10.2.1：
Influence of the Kinetic Isotope Effect on V and Km / 2.10.2.2：
Other Isotope Effects / 2.10.2.3：
Special Enzyme Mechanisms / 2.11：
Ribozymes / 2.11.1：
Polymer Substrates / 2.11.2：
Kinetics of Immobilized Enzymes / 2.11.3：
External Diffusion Limitation / 2.11.3.1：
Internal Diffusion Limitation / 2.11.3.2：
Inhibition of Immobilized Enzymes / 2.11.3.3：
pH and Temperature Behavior of Immobilized Enzymes / 2.11.3.4：
Transport Processes / 2.11.4：
Enzyme Reactions at Membrane Interfaces / 2.11.5：
Application of Statistical Methods in Enzyme Kinetics / 2.12：
General Remarks / 2.12.1：
Statistical Terms Used in Enzyme Kinetics / 2.12.2：
Methods / 3：
Methods for Investigation of Multiple Equilibria / 3.1：
Equilibrium Dialysis and General Aspects of Binding Measurements / 3.1.1：
Equilibrium Dialysis / 3.1.1.1：
Control Experiments and Sources of Error / 3.1.1.2：
Continuous Equilibrium Dialysis / 3.1.1.3：
Ultrafiltration / 3.1.2：
Gel Filtration / 3.1.3：
Batch Method / 3.1.3.1：
The Method of Hummel and Dreyer / 3.1.3.2：
Other Gel Filtration Methods / 3.1.3.3：
Ultracentrifugation / 3.1.4：
Fixed Angle Ultracentrifugation Methods / 3.1.4.1：
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation / 3.1.4.2：
Surface Plasmon Resonance / 3.1.5：
Electrochemical Methods / 3.2：
The Oxygen Electrode / 3.2.1：
The CO2 Electrode / 3.2.2：
Potentiometry, Redox Potentials / 3.2.3：
The pH-stat / 3.2.4：
Polarography / 3.2.5：
Calorimetry / 3.3：
Spectroscopic Methods / 3.4：
Absorption Spectroscopy / 3.4.1：
The Lambert-Beer Law / 3.4.1.1：
Spectral Properties of Enzymes and Ligands / 3.4.1.2：
Structure of Spectrophotometers / 3.4.1.3：
Double Beam Spectrophotometer / 3.4.1.4：
Difference Spectroscopy / 3.4.1.5：
The Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometer / 3.4.1.6：
Photochemical Action Spectra / 3.4.1.7：
Bioluminescence / 3.4.2：
Fluorescence / 3.4.3：
Quantum Yield / 3.4.3.1：
Structure of Spectrofluorimeters / 3.4.3.2：
Perturbations of Fluorescence Measurements / 3.4.3.3：
Fluorescent Compounds (Fluorophores) / 3.4.3.4：
Radiationless Energy Transfer / 3.4.3.5：
Fluorescence Polarization / 3.4.3.6：
Pulse Fluorimetry / 3.4.3.7：
Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotation Dispersion / 3.4.4：
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy / 3.4.5：
IR Spectroscopy / 3.4.5.1：
Raman Spectroscopy / 3.4.5.2：
Applications / 3.4.5.3：
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / 3.4.6：
Measurement of Fast Reactions / 3.5：
Flow Methods / 3.5.1：
The Continuous Flow Method / 3.5.1.1：
The Stopped-flow Method / 3.5.1.2：
Measurement of Enzyme Reactions by Flow Methods / 3.5.1.3：
Determination of the Dead Time / 3.5.1.4：
Relaxation Methods / 3.5.2：
The Temperature Jump Method / 3.5.2.1：
The Pressure Jump Method / 3.5.2.2：
The Electric Field Method / 3.5.2.3：
Flash Photolysis, Pico- and Femto-second Spectroscopy / 3.5.3：
Evaluation of Rapid Kinetic Reactions (Transient Kinetics) / 3.5.4：
Subject Index
Preface to the Second English Edition
Preface to the First English Edition
Symbols and Abbreviations
3.

図書
図書
3. Theoretical femtosecond physics : atoms and molecules in strong laser fields
F. Grossmann
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2008  xiii, 214 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Springer series on atomic, optical, and plasma physics ; 48
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Prerequisites / Part I：
A Short Introduction to Laser Physics / 1：
The Einstein Coefficients / 1.1：
Fundamentals of the Laser / 1.2：
Elementary Laser Theory / 1.2.1：
Realization of the Laser Principle / 1.2.2：
Pulsed Lasers / 1.3：
Frequency Comb / 1.3.1：
Carrier Envelope Phase / 1.3.2：
Husimi Representation of Laser Pulses / 1.3.3：
Some Gaussian Integrals / 1.A：
References
Time-Dependent Quantum Theory / 2：
The Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation / 2.1：
Introduction / 2.1.1：
Time-Evolution Operator / 2.1.2：
Spectral Information / 2.1.3：
Analytical Solutions for Wavepackets / 2.1.4：
Analytical Approaches / 2.2：
Feynman's Path Integral / 2.2.1：
Semiclassical Approximation / 2.2.2：
Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory / 2.2.3：
Magnus Expansion / 2.2.4：
Time-Dependent Hartree Method / 2.2.5：
Quantum-Classical Methods / 2.2.6：
Floquet Theory / 2.2.7：
Numerical Methods / 2.3：
Orthogonal Basis Expansion / 2.3.1：
Split-Operator FFT Method / 2.3.2：
Alternative Methods of Time-Evolution / 2.3.3：
Semiclassical Initial Value Representations / 2.3.4：
The Royal Road to the Path Integral / 2.A：
Variational Calculus / 2.B：
Stability Matrix / 2.C：
From the HK- to the VVG-Propagator / 2.D：
Applications / Part II：
Field Matter Coupling and Two-Level Systems / 3：
Light Matter Interaction / 3.1：
Minimal Coupling / 3.1.1：
Length Gauge / 3.1.2：
Kramers-Henneberger Transformation / 3.1.3：
Volkov Wavepacket / 3.1.4：
Analytically Solvable Two-Level Problems / 3.2：
Dipole Matrix Element / 3.2.1：
Rabi Oscillations Induced by a Constant Perturbation / 3.2.2：
Time-Dependent Perturbations / 3.2.3：
Exactly Solvable Time-Dependent Cases / 3.2.4：
Generalized Parity Transformation / 3.A：
Two-Level System in an Incoherent Field / 3.B：
Single Electron Atoms in Strong Laser Fields / 4：
The Hydrogen Atom / 4.1：
Hydrogen in Three Dimensions / 4.1.1：
The One-Dimensional Coulomb Problem / 4.1.2：
Field Induced Ionization / 4.2：
Tunnel Ionization / 4.2.1：
Multiphoton Ionization / 4.2.2：
ATI in the Coulomb Potential / 4.2.3：
Stabilization in Very Strong Fields / 4.2.4：
Atoms Driven by HCP / 4.2.5：
High Harmonic Generation / 4.3：
Three-Step Model / 4.3.1：
Odd Harmonics Rule / 4.3.2：
Semiclassical Explanation of the Plateau / 4.3.3：
Cutoff and Odd Harmonics Revisited / 4.3.4：
More on Atomic Units / 4.A：
Molecules in Strong Laser Fields / 5：
The Molecular Ion H[superscript + subscript 2] / 5.1：
Electronic Potential Energy Surfaces / 5.1.1：
The Morse Potential / 5.1.2：
H[superscript + subscript 2] in a Laser Field / 5.2：
Frozen Nuclei / 5.2.1：
Nuclei in Motion / 5.2.2：
Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Nuclear Dynamics / 5.3：
Born-Oppenheimer Approximation / 5.3.1：
Dissociation in a Morse Potential / 5.3.2：
Coupled Potential Surfaces / 5.3.3：
Femtosecond Spectroscopy / 5.3.4：
Control of Molecular Dynamics / 5.4：
Control of Tunneling / 5.4.1：
Control of Population Transfer / 5.4.2：
Optimal Control Theory / 5.4.3：
Genetic Algorithms / 5.4.4：
Toward Quantum Computing with Molecules / 5.4.5：
Relative and Center of Mass Coordinates for H[superscript + subscript 2] / 5.A：
Perturbation Theory for Two Coupled Surfaces / 5.B：
Reflection Principle of Photodissociation / 5.C：
The Undriven Double Well Problem / 5.D：
The Quantum Mechanical Adiabatic Theorem / 5.E：
Index
Prerequisites / Part I：
A Short Introduction to Laser Physics / 1：
The Einstein Coefficients / 1.1：
4.

図書
図書
4. FinFETs and Other Multi-Gate Transistors
Jean-Pierre Colinge, editor
出版情報: New York : Springer, c2008  xiii, 339 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems
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Preface
Table of Content
Contributors
The SOI MOSFET: from Single Gate to Multigate / 1：
MOSFET scaling and Moore's law / 1.1：
Short-Channel Effects / 1.2：
Gate Geometry and Electrostatic Integrity / 1.3：
A Brief History of Multiple-Gate MOSFETs / 1.4：
Single-gate SOI MOSFETs / 1.4.1：
Double-gate SOI MOSFETs / 1.4.2：
Triple-gate SOI MOSFETs / 1.4.3：
Surrounding-gate (quadruple-gate) SOI MOSFETs / 1.4.4：
Other multigate MOSFET structures / 1.4.5：
Multigate MOSFET memory devices / 1.4.6：
Multigate MOSFET Physics / 1.5：
Classical physics / 1.5.1：
Natural length and short-channel effects / 1.5.1.1：
Current drive / 1.5.1.2：
Corner effect / 1.5.1.3：
Quantum effects / 1.5.2：
Volume inversion / 1.5.2.1：
Mobility effects / 1.5.2.2：
Threshold voltage / 1.5.2.3：
Inter-subband scattering / 1.5.2.4：
References
Multigate MOSFET Technology / 2：
Introduction / 2.1：
Active Area: Fins / 2.2：
Fin Width / 2.2.1：
Fin Height and Fin Pitch / 2.2.2：
Fin Surface Crystal Orientation / 2.2.3：
Fin Surface Preparation / 2.2.4：
Fins on Bulk Silicon / 2.2.5：
Nano-wires and Self-Assembled Wires / 2.2.6：
Gate Stack / 2.3：
Gate Patterning / 2.3.1：
Threshold Voltage and Gate Workfunction Requirements / 2.3.2：
Polysilicon Gate / 2.3.2.1：
Metal Gate / 2.3.2.2：
Tunable Workfunction Metal Gate / 2.3.2.3：
Gate EWF and Gate Induced Drain Leakage (GIDL) / 2.3.3：
Independently Controlled Gates / 2.3.4：
Source/Drain Resistance and Capacitance / 2.4：
Doping the Thin Fins / 2.4.1：
Junction Depth / 2.4.2：
Parasitic Resistance/Capacitance and Raised Source and Drain Structure / 2.4.3：
Mobility and Strain Engineering / 2.5：
Wafer Bending Experiment / 2.5.1：
Nitride Stress Liners / 2.5.3：
Embedded SiGe and SiC Source and Drain / 2.5.4：
Local Strain from Gate Electrode / 2.5.5：
Substrate Strain: Strained Silicon on Insulator / 2.5.6：
Contacts to the Fins / 2.6：
Dumbbell source and drain contact / 2.6.1：
Saddle contact / 2.6.2：
Contact to merged fins / 2.6.3：
Acknowledgments
BSIM-CMG: A Compact Model for Multi-Gate Transistors / 3：
Framework for Multigate FET Modeling / 3.1：
Multigate Models: BSIM-CMG and BSIM-IMG / 3.3：
The BSIM-CMG Model / 3.3.1：
The BSIM-IMG Model / 3.3.2：
BSIM-CMG / 3.4：
Core Model / 3.4.1：
Surface Potential Model / 3.4.1.1：
I-V Model / 3.4.1.2：
C-V Model / 3.4.1.3：
Modeling Physical Effects of Real Devices / 3.4.2：
Quantum Mechanical Effects (QME) / 3.4.2.1：
Short-channel Effects (SCE) / 3.4.2.2：
Experimental Verification / 3.4.3：
Surface Potential of independent DG-FET / 3.5：
BSIM-IMG features / 3.5.2：
Summary / 3.6：
Physics of the Multigate MOS System / 4：
Device electrostatics / 4.1：
Double gate MOS system / 4.2：
Modeling assumptions / 4.2.1：
Gate voltage effect / 4.2.2：
Semiconductor thickness effect / 4.2.3：
Asymmetry effects / 4.2.4：
Oxide thickness effect / 4.2.5：
Electron tunnel current / 4.2.6：
Two-dimensional confinement / 4.3：
Mobility in Multigate MOSFETs / 5：
Double-Gate MOSFETs and FinFETs / 5.1：
Phonon-limited mobility / 5.2.1：
Confinement of acoustic phonons / 5.2.2：
Interface roughness scattering / 5.2.3：
Coulomb scattering / 5.2.4：
Temperature Dependence of Mobility / 5.2.5：
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Operation of DGSOI FETs / 5.2.6：
Crystallographic orientation / 5.2.7：
High-k dielectrics / 5.2.8：
Strained DGSOI devices / 5.2.9：
Silicon multiple-gate nanowires / 5.2.10：
Electrostatic description of Si nanowires / 5.3.1：
Electron transport in Si nanowires / 5.3.3：
Surface roughness / 5.3.4：
Experimental results and conclusions / 5.3.5：
Radiation Effects in Advanced Single- and Multi-Gate SOI MOSFETs / 6：
A brief history of radiation effects in SOI / 6.1：
Total Ionizing Dose Effects / 6.2：
A brief overview of Total Ionizing Dose effects / 6.2.1：
Advanced Single-Gate FDSOI devices / 6.2.2：
Description of Advanced FDSOI Devices / 6.2.2.1：
Front-gate threshold voltage shift / 6.2.2.2：
Single-transistor latch / 6.2.2.3：
Advanced Multi-Gate devices / 6.2.3：
Devices and process description / 6.2.3.1：
Single-Event Effects / 6.2.3.2：
Background / 6.3.1：
Effect of ion track diameter in nanoscale devices / 6.3.2：
Transient measurements on single-gate and FinFET SOI transistors / 6.3.3：
Scaling effects / 6.3.4：
Multi-Gate MOSFET Circuit Design / 7：
Digital Circuit Design / 7.1：
Impact of device performance on digital circuit design / 7.2.1：
Large-scale digital circuits / 7.2.2：
Leakage-performance trade off and energy dissipation / 7.2.3：
Multi-V[subscript T] devices and mixed-V[subscript T] circuits / 7.2.4：
High-temperature circuit operation / 7.2.5：
SRAM design / 7.2.6：
Analog Circuit Design / 7.3：
Device figures of merit and technology related design issues / 7.3.1：
Transconductance / 7.3.1.1：
Intrinsic transistor gain / 7.3.1.2：
Matching behavior / 7.3.1.3：
Flicker noise / 7.3.1.4：
Transit and maximum oscillation frequency / 7.3.1.5：
Self-heating / 7.3.1.6：
Charge trapping in high-k dielectrics / 7.3.1.7：
Design of analog building blocks / 7.3.2：
V-[subscript T]-based current reference circuit / 7.3.2.1：
Bandgap voltage reference / 7.3.2.2：
Operational amplifier / 7.3.2.3：
Comparator / 7.3.2.4：
Mixed-signal aspects / 7.3.3：
Current steering DAC / 7.3.3.1：
Successive approximation ADC / 7.3.3.2：
RF circuit design / 7.3.4：
SoC Design and Technology Aspects / 7.4：
Index
Preface
Table of Content
Contributors
5.

図書
図書
5. An introduction to surface analysis by XPS and AES (: hbk ; : pbk)
John F. Watts, John Wolstenholme
出版情報: Chichester : Wiley, c2003  x, 212 p. ; 23 cm
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Preface
Acknowledgements
Electron Spectroscopy: Some Basic Concepts / 1：
Electron Spectrometer Design
The Electron Spectrum: Qualitative and Quantitative Interpretation
Compositional Depth Profiling / 1.1：
Applications of Electron Spectroscopy in Materials Science
Analysis of Surfaces
Comparison of XPS and AES with Other Analytical Techniques
Glossary / 1.2：
Bibliography
Notation
Auger Electron Energies / Appendix 1：
Spectroscopists' notation / Appendix 2：
Table of Binding Energies Accessible with AIK& Radiation
Index / 1.2.2：
X-ray notation
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) / 1.3：
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) / 1.4：
Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) / 1.5：
The Depth of Analysis in Electron Spectroscopy / 1.6：
Comparison of XPS and AES/SAM / 1.7：
The Availability of Surface Analytical Equipment / 1.8：
The Vacuum System / 2：
The Sample / 2.2：
X-ray Sources for XPS / 2.3：
The twin anode X-ray source / 2.3.1：
X-ray monochromators / 2.3.2：
Charge compensation / 2.3.3：
The Electron Gun for AES / 2.4：
Electron sources / 2.4.1：
Analysers for Electron Spectroscopy / 2.5：
The cylindrical mirror analyser / 2.5.1：
The hemispherical sector analyser / 2.5.2：
Detectors / 2.6：
Channel electron multipliers / 2.6.1：
Channel plates / 2.6.2：
Small Area XPS / 2.7：
Lens-defined small area XPS / 2.7.1：
Source-defined small area analysis / 2.7.2：
XPS Imaging and Mapping / 2.8：
Serial acquisition / 2.8.1：
Parallel acquisition / 2.8.2：
Lateral Resolution in Small Area XPS / 2.9：
Angle Resolved XPS / 2.10：
Qualitative Analysis / 3：
Unwanted features in electron spectra / 3.1.1：
Data acquisition / 3.1.2：
Chemical State Information / 3.2：
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy / 3.2.1：
Electron induced Auger electron spectroscopy / 3.2.2：
The Auger parameter / 3.2.3：
Chemical state plots / 3.2.4：
Shake-up satellites / 3.2.5：
Multiplet splitting / 3.2.6：
Plasmons / 3.2.7：
Quantitative Analysis / 3.3：
Factors affecting the quantification of electron spectra / 3.3.1：
Quantification in XPS / 3.3.2：
Quantification in AES / 3.3.3：
Compositional Depth Profilin / 4：
Non-destructive Depth Profiling Methods / 4.1：
Angle resolved electron spectroscopy / 4.1.1：
Elastic scattering / 4.1.1.1：
Compositional depth profiles by ARXPS / 4.1.1.2：
Recent advances in ARXPS / 4.1.1.3：
Variation of analysis depth with electron kinetic energy / 4.1.2：
Depth Profiling by Erosion with Noble Gas Ions / 4.2：
The sputtering process / 4.2.1：
Experimental method / 4.2.2：
Sputter yield and etch rate / 4.2.3：
Factors affecting the etch rate / 4.2.4：
Factors affecting the depth resolution / 4.2.5：
Calibration / 4.2.6：
Ion gun design / 4.2.7：
Mechanical Sectioning / 4.3：
Angle lapping / 4.3.1：
Ball cratering / 4.3.2：
Conclusions / 4.4：
Introduction / 5：
Metallurgy / 5.2：
Grain-boundary segregation / 5.2.1：
Electronic structure of metallic alloys / 5.2.2：
Surface engineering / 5.2.3：
Corrosion Science / 5.3：
Ceramics and Catalysis / 5.4：
Microelectronics and Semiconductor Materials / 5.5：
Mapping semiconductor devices using AES / 5.5.1：
Depth profiling of semiconductor materials / 5.5.2：
Ultra-thin layers studied by ARXPS / 5.5.3：
Polymeric Materials / 5.6：
Adhesion Science / 5.7：
X-ray Analysis in the Electron Microscope / 6：
Electron Analysis in the Electron Microscope / 6.2：
Mass Spectrometry for Surface Analysis / 6.3：
Ion Scattering / 6.4：
Concluding Remarks / 6.5：
Appendices
Table of Binding Energies Accessible with AlKalpha Radiation
Preface
Acknowledgements
Electron Spectroscopy: Some Basic Concepts / 1：
6.

図書
図書
6. Catalysis by polyoxometalates
Ivan Kozhevnikov
出版情報: Chichester : J. Wiley & Sons, c2002  xiv, 201 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Catalysts for fine chemical synthesis ; v. 2
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Series Preface
Preface to Volume 2
Introduction / 1：
Scope and definitions / 1.1：
Nomenclature / 1.2：
Historical background / 1.3：
Introduction to catalysis by polyoxometalates / 1.4：
References
Properties of Polyoxometalates / 2：
Structures of polyoxometalates / 2.1：
General principles / 2.1.1：
The Keggin structure / 2.1.2：
The Wells-Dawson structure / 2.1.3：
The Anderson-Evans structure / 2.1.4：
The Dexter-Silverton structure / 2.1.5：
Crystal structure of heteropoly compounds / 2.2：
Thermal stability / 2.3：
Solubility / 2.4：
Formation and state in solution / 2.5：
Stability of polyoxometalates in solution / 2.5.1：
Polyoxometalates as ligands / 2.5.2：
Isotope exchange / 2.5.3：
Kinetics and mechanism of substitution in polyoxmetalates / 2.5.4：
Acid properties / 2.6：
Proton structure / 2.6.1：
Heteropoly acids in solutions / 2.6.2：
Acidity of solid heteropoly acids / 2.6.3：
Redox properties / 2.7：
Synthesis of Polyoxometalates / 3：
General methods of synthesis / 3.1：
Keggin polyoxometalates / 3.2：
12-Molybdosilicic acid, [alpha]-H[subscript 4 SiMo[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.1：
12-Tungstosilicic acid, [alpha]-H[subscript 4 SiW[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.2：
12-Tungstophosphoric acid, [alpha]-H[subscript 3 PW[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.3：
12-Molybdophosphoric acid, [alpha]-H[subscript 3 PMo[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.4：
12-Tungstogermanic acid, [alpha]-[H[subscript 4 GeW[subscript 12]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.5：
11-Molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid, H[subscript 4 PMo[subscript 11] VO[subscript 40] / 3.2.6：
10-Molybdo-2-vanadophosphoric acid, H[subscript 5 PMo[subscript 10]V[subscript 2]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.7：
9-Molybdo-3-vanadophosphoric acid, H[subscript 6 PMo[subscript 9] V[subscript 3]O[subscript 40] / 3.2.8：
Transition-metal-substituted tungstophosphates, {PW[subscript 11]MO[subscript 39]} / 3.2.9：
Wells-Dawson polyoxometalates / 3.3：
18-Tungstodiphosphoric acid, H[subscript 6 P[subscript 2]W[subscript 18]O[subscript 62] / 3.3.1：
Sandwich-type polyoxometalates / 3.4：
Na[subscript 12 WZn[subscript 3](H[subscript 2]O)[subscript 2](ZnW[subscript 9]O[subscript 34])[subscript 2] / 3.4.1：
Na[subscript 12 WCo[subscript 3 superscript II](H[subscript 2]O)[subscript 2] (Co[superscript II]W[subscript 9]O[subscript 34])[subscript 2] / 3.4.2：
K[subscript 11 WZnRu[subscript 2 superscript III](OH)(H[subscript 2]O) (ZnW[subscript 9]O[subscript 34])[subscript 2] / 3.4.3：
K[subscript 10 WZnRh[superscript III subscript 2](H[subscript 2]O)(ZnW[subscript 9]O[subscript 34])[subscript 2] / 3.4.4：
Peroxo polyoxometalates / 3.5：
Venturello complex, {PO[subscript 4 WO(O[subscript 2])[subscript 2 subscript 4]}[superscript 3-] / 3.5.1：
Polyoxometalate catalysts / 3.6：
Solid acid catalysts / 3.6.1：
Homogeneous catalysts / 3.6.2：
Acid Catalysis by Heteropoly Compounds / 4：
General overview / 4.1：
The scope of applications / 4.1.1：
Mechanistic principles / 4.1.2：
Homogeneous acid catalysis / 4.2：
Acid-catalysed reactions / 4.2.1：
Acid-catalysed reactions in biphasic liquid-liquid systems / 4.3：
Biphasic reactions / 4.3.1：
Heterogeneous acid catalysts / 4.4：
Heteropoly acid catalysts / 4.4.1：
Heterogeneous catalysis in liquid-solid systems / 4.4.2：
Heterogeneous catalysis in gas-solid systems / 4.4.3：
Deactivation and regeneration of solid heteropoly acid catalysts / 4.5：
Polyoxometalates as Catalysts for Selective Oxidation / 5：
Liquid-phase oxidation / 5.1：
Oxidation with dioxygen / 5.1.1：
Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide / 5.1.2：
Oxidation with organic peroxides / 5.1.3：
Miscellaneous oxidations / 5.1.4：
Gas-phase oxidation / 5.2：
Oxidation catalysts / 5.2.1：
Reactions / 5.2.3：
Miscellaneous Catalytic Applications of Polyoxometalates / 6：
Hydrogenation, carbonylation and related reactions / 6.1：
Polyanion-stabilised clusters / 6.2：
Polyoxometalates as catalyst precursors / 6.3：
Catalysis by Polyoxometalates in Industry / 7：
Acid catalysis / 7.1：
Hydration of olefins / 7.1.1：
Synthesis of ethyl acetate from ethylene and acetic acid / 7.1.2：
Selective oxidation / 7.2：
Oxidation of methacrolein in methacrylic acid / 7.2.1：
Oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid / 7.2.2：
Other Applications of Polyoxometalates / 8：
Analytical chemistry / 8.1：
Elemental analysis / 8.1.1：
Analysis of biomaterials / 8.1.2：
Separation / 8.2：
Processing of radioactive waste / 8.2.1：
Sorption of gases / 8.2.2：
Corrosion-resistant coatings / 8.3：
Polyoxometalates as additives to inorganic and organic matrices / 8.4：
Additives in sol-gel matrices / 8.4.1：
Additives in polymer matrices / 8.4.2：
Membranes / 8.5：
Fuel cells / 8.5.1：
Selective electrodes / 8.5.2：
Gas sensors / 8.5.3：
Polyoxometalates in medicine: antiviral and antitumoral activity / 8.6：
Index
Series Preface
Preface to Volume 2
Introduction / 1：
7.

図書
図書
7. Nanosystem characterization tools in the life sciences
edited by Challa S.S.R. Kumar
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2006  xviii, 395 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Nanotechnologies for the life sciences ; v. 3
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Preface
List of Contributors
Fluorescence Imaging in Biology using Nanoprobes / Daniele Gerion1：
Introduction and Outlook / 1.1：
A New Era in Cell Biology / 1.1.1：
Manotechnology and its Perspectives for Fluorescence Imaging in Cell Biology / 1.1.2：
Fundamentals of Fluorescence / 1.2：
Basic Principles / 1.2.1：
A Few Types of Fluorescent Probes / 1.2.2：
Small Luminescent Units and Autofluorescence of Living Organisms / 1.2.2.1：
A few Organic Dyes and their Limitation in Live Cell Labeling / 1.2.2.2：
Green Fluorescent Protein and its Cousin Mutants / 1.2.2.3：
Quantum Dots / 1.2.2.4：
Toxicity Issues of Nanomaterials / 1.2.2.5：
Sources and Detectors / 1.2.3：
Light Sources / 1.2.3.1：
Detectors / 1.2.3.2：
Microscope Configurations / 1.3：
Wide-field Methods: Epi-, and Total Internal Reflection (TIR) / 1.3.1：
Epifluorescence Illumination / 1.3.1.1：
Total Internal Reflection (TIR) Illumination / 1.3.1.2：
Scanning Methods for Microscopy / 1.3.2：
Laser-scanning or Stage-scanning Confocal Microscopy / 1.3.2.1：
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) / 1.3.2.2：
Strategies for Image Acquisition / 1.4：
Intensity Imaging / 1.4.1：
Spectral Imaging / 1.4.2：
Lifetime and Time-gated Imaging / 1.4.3：
Other Imaging Modalities: Polarization and FRET Imaging / 1.4.4：
Qdots in Biology: A Few Selected Examples / 1.5：
Ultra-high Colocalization of Qdots for Genetic Mapping / 1.5.1：
Dynamics of Biomolecules in a Cellular Environment / 1.5.2：
Trafficking of Glycine Receptors in Neural Membranes of Live Cells / 1.5.2.1：
Dynamics of Labeled Nuclear Localization Sequences Inside Living Cells / 1.5.2.2：
In Vivo and Non-invasive Detection Using Qdot Reporters / 1.5.3：
Outlook: Is there a Role for Nanoscience in Cellular Biology and in Medicine? / 1.6：
Acknowledgments
References
Characterization of Nanoscale Systems in Biology using Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques / Anthony W. Coleman ; Adina N. Lazar ; Cecile F. Rousseau ; Sebastien Cecillon ; Patrick Shahgaldian2：
Introduction / 2.1：
The Scanning Probe Microscopy Experiment / 2.2：
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Imaging / 2.3：
Atomic Force Microscopy / 2.4：
Generalities / 2.4.1：
Tips and Cantilevers / 2.4.2：
Contact Mode AFM / 2.4.3：
Dynamic Modes / 2.4.4：
Non-contact Mode / 2.4.4.1：
Intermittent Contact Mode / 2.4.4.3：
Force Modulation Mode / 2.4.4.4：
Friction Force Mode or Lateral Force Mode / 2.4.5：
Force-Distance Analysis / 2.4.6：
Chemical Force Imaging / 2.4.7：
Dip-pen Lithography / 2.4.8：
Cantilever Array Sensors / 2.4.9：
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy / 2.5：
Artifacts / 2.6：
Artifacts Related to Tip Size and Geometry / 2.6.1：
Artifacts from Damaged Tips / 2.6.2：
Artifacts from Tip-Sample Interactions / 2.6.3：
Sample Artifacts / 2.6.4：
Using the Tools / 2.7：
DNA / 2.7.1：
Topographic Imaging of DNA / 2.7.1.1：
Imaging DNA Translocation / 2.7.1.2：
DNA Interactions and Stretching / 2.7.1.3：
Proteins / 2.7.2：
Topographic Imaging of Proteins / 2.7.2.1：
Dip-pen Nanolithography Patterning of Proteins / 2.7.2.2：
Protein-Protein and Protein-Ligand Interactions / 2.7.2.3：
Polysaccharides / 2.7.3：
Proteoglycan Topographic Imaging / 2.7.3.1：
Lipid Systems / 2.7.4：
Liposomes / 2.7.4.1：
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) / 2.7.4.2：
Supported Lipid Bilayers and Monolayers / 2.7.4.3：
SNOM Imaging / 2.7.5：
Viruses / 2.7.6：
Cells / 2.7.7：
Topographic Imaging / 2.7.7.1：
Interactions and Mechanical Properties / 2.7.7.2：
NSOM Imaging / 2.7.7.3：
Cantilever Arrays as Biosensors / 2.7.8：
Conclusion / 2.8：
Books on Scanning Probe Microsopies Reviews on Scanning Probe Microsopies in Biology / Appendix 1：
Reviews on Scanning Probe Microsopies in Biology / Appendix 2：
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Characterization of Nanostructure Assemblies in Biosensing / Aren E. Gerdon ; David W. Wright ; David E. Cliffel3：
Principles of QCM / 3.1：
QCM Wave Penetration Depth / 3.1.2：
QCM Sensor Specificity / 3.1.3：
Calculation of Equilibrium and Kinetic Constants / 3.1.4：
QCM Application to Life Sciences / 3.1.5：
Interface Between Biology and Nanomaterials / 3.2：
Antibodies / 3.2.1：
Nanoparticles / 3.2.2：
QCM Nanoparticle-based Chemical Sensors / 3.3：
QCM Nanoparticle-based Biosensors / 3.4：
QCM Nanoparticle-based Immunosensors / 3.5：
Traditional Immunoassays / 3.5.1：
Immunoassays using Nanotechnology / 3.5.2：
Antigen Mimic Design / 3.5.3：
Glutathione-protected Nanocluster / 3.5.3.2：
Hemagglutanin Mimic Nanocluster / 3.5.3.3：
Protective Antigen of B. anthracis Mimic Nanocluster / 3.5.3.4：
Conclusions and Future Directions / 3.6：
Symbols
NMR Characterization Techniques - Application to Nanoscaled Pharmaceutical Carriers / Christian Mayer4：
Structural Analysis of Nanoparticles / 4.1：
Phase Transitions of the Particle Matrix / 4.3：
Adsorption to the Particle Surface / 4.4：
Molecular Exchange through Nanocapsule Membranes / 4.5：
Particle Degradation and Release / 4.6：
Summary and Outlook / 4.7：
Characterization of Nano Features in Biopolymers using Small-angle X-ray Scattering, Electron Microscopy and Modeling / Angelika Krebs ; Bettina Bottcher5：
Small-angle X-ray Scattering / 5.1：
Scattering Technique / 5.2.1：
Scattering Phenomenon / 5.2.1.1：
Scattering Curve and Pair Distance Distribution Function / 5.2.1.2：
Determination of Scattering Parameters / 5.2.1.3：
Experimental Setup / 5.2.1.4：
Interpretation of Data / 5.2.2：
Direct Methods / 5.2.2.1：
Indirect Methods / 5.2.2.2：
Electron Microscopy / 5.3：
Image Formation / 5.3.1：
Interference of Electrons with Matter / 5.3.1.1：
Contrast Transfer Function / 5.3.1.2：
Sample Preparation / 5.3.2：
Vitrification of Biological Specimens / 5.3.2.1：
Two-dimensional Merging of Electron Microscopic Data / 5.3.3：
Cross Correlation Function / 5.3.3.1：
Identification of the Different Views / 5.3.3.2：
Merging of EM-data in Three Dimensions / 5.3.4：
Sinogram Correlation / 5.3.4.1：
Reconstruction of the Three-dimensional Model / 5.3.4.2：
Merging of Methods / 5.4：
Comparison of EM and SAXS Data / 5.4.1：
SAXS Modeling Approaches using EM Information / 5.4.2：
In Situ Characterization of Drug Nanoparticles by FTIR Spectroscopy / Michael Turk ; Ruth Signorell6：
Particle Generation Methods / 6.1：
Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) / 6.2.1：
Electro-Spraying / 6.2.2：
Particle Characterization Methods / 6.3：
In Situ Characterization with FTIR Spectroscopy / 6.3.1：
Characterization of the RESS Process / 6.3.1.1：
In Situ Characterization with 3-WEM / 6.3.2：
Characterization with SMPS and SEM / 6.3.3：
Determination of Refractive Index Data in the Mid-infrared Region / 6.4：
Examples / 6.5：
Phenanthrene Particles: Size, Shape, Optical Data / 6.5.1：
Sugar Nanoparticles / 6.5.2：
Drug Nanoparticles / 6.5.3：
Summary and Conclusion / 6.6：
Acknowledgment
Characterization of Nanoscaled Drug Delivery Systems by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) / Karsten Mader7：
ESR Basics and Requirements / 7.1：
Information from ESR Spectroscopy and Imaging / 7.3：
Nitroxide Concentration / 7.3.1：
Micropolarity and Microviscosity / 7.3.2：
Monitoring of Microacidity / 7.3.3：
ESR Imaging / 7.3.4：
In Vivo ESR / 7.4：
X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy in Nanoscience and Lifesciences / Jinghua Guo7.5：
Soft X-ray Spectroscopy / 8.1：
Soft X-ray Absorption Edges / 8.2.1：
Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy / 8.2.2：
Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy / 8.2.3：
Resonant Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy / 8.2.4：
Experimental Details / 8.2.5：
Chemical Sensitivity of Soft X-ray Spectroscopy / 8.3：
Electronic Structure and Geometrical Structure / 8.3.1：
Hydrogen Bonding Effect / 8.3.2：
Charge and Spin States of Transition Metals / 8.3.3：
Electronic Structure and Nanostructure / 8.4：
Wide Bandgap Nanostructured Semiconductors / 8.4.1：
Cu Nanoclusters / 8.4.2：
ZnO Nanocrystals / 8.4.3：
Electronic Structure and Molecular Structure / 8.5：
Hydrogen Bonding in Liquid Water / 8.5.1：
Molecular Structure in Liquid Alcohol and Water Mixture / 8.5.2：
Electronic Structure and Ion Solvations / 8.5.3：
Drugs in Water Solution / 8.5.4：
Electronic Structure of Bases in DNA Duplexes / 8.5.5：
Some New Advances and Challenges in Biological and Biomedical Materials Characterization / Filip Braet ; Lilian Soon ; Thomas F. Kelly ; David J. Larson ; Simon P. Ringer9：
Modern Atom Probe Tomography: Principles, Applications in Biomaterials and Potential Applications for Biology / 9.1：
The Need for an Ideal Microscope / 9.2.1：
Field Ion Microscopy and the Modern Atom Probe Instrument / 9.2.1.1：
Applications in Biomaterials / 9.2.1.2：
Applications and Challenges for Biological Science / 9.2.1.3：
Instrumentation / 9.3：
Live Cell Imaging / 9.3.2.1：
Summary / 9.3.3：
Cryo-electron Microscopy / 9.4：
Cryo-electron Microscopy Imaging / 9.4.1：
Conclusions / 9.4.3：
Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy / Rhonda Dzakpasu ; Daniel Axelrod10：
Theory / 10.1：
Single Scattering Center / 10.2.1：
Multiple Scattering Centers / 10.2.2：
Temporal Autocorrelation of Intensity / 10.2.3：
Phase Fluctuation Factors / 10.2.4：
Number Fluctuation Factors / 10.2.5：
Characteristic Times and Distances / 10.2.6：
Spatial Autocorrelation of Intensity / 10.2.7：
Variance of Intensity Fluctuations: Mobile Fraction / 10.2.8：
Experimental Design / 10.3：
Optical Setup / 10.3.1：
Data Acquisition / 10.3.2：
Sample Preparation: Polystyrene Beads / 10.3.3：
Sample Preparation: Living Macrophages / 10.3.4：
Buffer Changes during Data Acquisition / 10.3.5：
Data Analysis / 10.4：
Temporal Intensity Autocorrelation Function / 10.4.1：
Spatial Intensity Autocorrelation Function / 10.4.2：
Mobile Fraction / 10.4.3：
Experimental Results / 10.5：
Polystyrene Beads: Temporal Phase Autocorrelation / 10.5.1：
Variance of Intensity Fluctuations on Beads: Phase Fluctuations / 10.5.2：
Polystyrene Beads: Number Fluctuations / 10.5.3：
Polystyrene Beads: Spatial Autocorrelation / 10.5.4：
Polystyrene Beads: Mobile Fractions / 10.5.5：
Living Macrophage Cells: Temporal Autocorrelation / 10.5.6：
Living Macrophage Cells: Mobile Fraction / 10.5.7：
Discussion / 10.6：
Polystyrene Beads / 10.6.1：
Macrophages / 10.6.2：
Improvements for DLSM / 10.6.3：
X-ray Scattering Techniques for Characterization of Nanosystems in Lifesciences / Cheng K. Saw11：
Brief Historical Background and Unique Properties / 11.1：
Scattering of X-rays / 11.3：
Crystallography / 11.4：
Scattering from a Powder Sample / 11.5：
Scattering by Atomic Aggregates / 11.6：
Crystallite Size and Paracrystallinity / 11.7：
Production of X-rays / 11.8：
Absorption of X-rays / 11.9：
Instrumentation: WAXS / 11.10：
Small Angle X-ray Scattering / 11.11：
Dilute Systems / 11.11.1：
Highly Correlating Systems / 11.11.2：
SAXS Instrumentation / 11.12：
Synchrotron Radiation / 11.13：
Concluding Remarks / 11.14：
Index
Preface
List of Contributors
Fluorescence Imaging in Biology using Nanoprobes / Daniele Gerion1：
8.

図書
図書
8. Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding : theory and practice
Clive D. Rodgers
出版情報: Singapore : World Scientific, 2008, c2000  xvi, 240 p. ; 26 cm
シリーズ名: Series on atmospheric, oceanic and planetary physics ; v. 2
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Preface
Introduction / Chapter 1：
The Beginnings / 1.1：
Atmospheric Remote Sounding Methods / 1.2：
Thermal emission nadir and limb sounders / 1.2.1：
Scattered solar radiation / 1.2.2：
Absorption of solar radiation / 1.2.3：
Active techniques / 1.2.4：
Simple Solutions to the Inverse Problem / 1.3：
Information Aspects / Chapter 2：
Formal Statement of the Problem / 2.1：
State and measurement vectors / 2.1.1：
The forward model / 2.1.2：
Weighting function matrix / 2.1.3：
Vector spaces / 2.1.4：
Linear Problems without Measurement Error / 2.2：
Subspaces of state space / 2.2.1：
Identifying the null space and the row space / 2.2.2：
Linear Problems with Measurement Error / 2.3：
Describing experimental error / 2.3.1：
The Bayesian approach to inverse problems / 2.3.2：
Bayes' theorem / 2.3.2.1：
Example: The Linear problem with Gaussian statistics / 2.3.2.2：
Degrees of Freedom / 2.4：
How many independent quantities can be measured? / 2.4.1：
Degrees of freedom for signal / 2.4.2：
Information Content of a Measurement / 2.5：
The Fisher information matrix / 2.5.1：
Shannon information content / 2.5.2：
Entropy of a probability density function / 2.5.2.1：
Entropy of a Gaussian distribution / 2.5.2.2：
Information content in the linear Gaussian case / 2.5.2.3：
The Standard Example: Information Content and Degrees of Freedom / 2.6：
Probability Density Functions and the Maximum Entropy Principle / 2.7：
Error Analysis and Characterisation / Chapter 3：
Characterisation / 3.1：
The retrieval method / 3.1.1：
The transfer function / 3.1.3：
Linearisation of the transfer function / 3.1.4：
Interpretation / 3.1.5：
Retrieval method parameters / 3.1.6：
Error Analysis / 3.2：
Smoothing error / 3.2.1：
Forward model parameter error / 3.2.2：
Forward model error / 3.2.3：
Retrieval noise / 3.2.4：
Random and systematic error / 3.2.5：
Representing covariances / 3.2.6：
Resolution / 3.3：
The Standard Example: Linear Gaussian Case / 3.4：
Averaging kernels / 3.4.1：
Error components / 3.4.2：
Modelling error / 3.4.3：
Optimal Linear Inverse Methods / 3.4.4：
The Maximum a Posteriori Solution / 4.1：
Several independent measurements / 4.1.1：
Independent components of the state vector / 4.1.2：
Minimum Variance Solutions / 4.2：
Best Estimate of a Function of the State Vector / 4.3：
Separately Minimising Error Components / 4.4：
Optimising Resolution / 4.5：
Optimal Methods for Non-linear Inverse Problems / Chapter 5：
Determination of the Degree of Nonlinearity / 5.1：
Formulation of the Inverse Problem / 5.2：
Newton and Gauss-Newton Methods / 5.3：
An Alternative Linearisation / 5.4：
Convergence / 5.5：
Expected convergence rate / 5.6.1：
A popular mistake / 5.6.2：
Testing for convergence / 5.6.3：
Testing for correct convergence / 5.6.4：
Recognising and dealing with slow convergence / 5.6.5：
Levenberg-Marquardt Method / 5.7：
Numerical Efficiency / 5.8：
Which formulation for the linear algebra? / 5.8.1：
The n-form / 5.8.1.1：
The m-form / 5.8.1.2：
Sequential updating / 5.8.1.3：
Computation of derivatives / 5.8.2：
Optimising representations / 5.8.3：
Approximations, Short Cuts and Ad-hoc Methods / Chapter 6：
The Constrained Exact Solution / 6.1：
Least Squares Solutions / 6.2：
The overconstrained case / 6.2.1：
The underconstrained case / 6.2.2：
Truncated Singular Vector Decomposition / 6.3：
Twomey-Tikhonov / 6.4：
Approximations for Optimal Methods / 6.5：
Approximate a priori and its covariance / 6.5.1：
Approximate measurement error covariance / 6.5.2：
Approximate weighting functions / 6.5.3：
Direct Multiple Regression / 6.6：
Linear Relaxation / 6.7：
Nonlinear Relaxation / 6.8：
Maximum Entropy / 6.9：
Onion Peeling / 6.10：
The Kalman Filter / Chapter 7：
The Basic Linear Filter / 7.1：
The Kalman Smoother / 7.2：
The Extended Filter / 7.3：
Characterisation and Error Analysis / 7.4：
Validation / 7.5：
Global Data Assimilation / Chapter 8：
Assimilation as a Inverse Problem / 8.1：
Methods for Data Assimilation / 8.2：
Successive correction methods / 8.2.1：
Optimal interpolation / 8.2.2：
Adjoint methods / 8.2.3：
Kalman filtering / 8.2.4：
Preparation of Indirect Measurements for Assimilation / 8.3：
Choice of profile representation / 8.3.1：
Linearised measurements / 8.3.2：
Systematic errors / 8.3.3：
Transformation of a characterised retrieval / 8.3.4：
Numerical Methods for Forward Models and Jacobians / Chapter 9：
The Equation of Radiative Transfer / 9.1：
The Radiative Transfer Integration / 9.2：
Derivatives of Forward Models: Analytic Jacobians / 9.3：
Ray Tracing / 9.4：
Choosing a coordinate system / 9.4.1：
Ray tracing in radial coordinates / 9.4.2：
Horizontally homogeneous case / 9.4.3：
The general case / 9.4.4：
Transmittance Modelling / 9.5：
Line-by-line modelling / 9.5.1：
Band transmittance / 9.5.2：
Inhomogeneous paths / 9.5.3：
Curtis--Godson approximation / 9.5.3.1：
Emissivity growth approximation / 9.5.3.2：
McMillin--Fleming method / 9.5.3.3：
Multiple absorbers / 9.5.3.4：
Construction and Use of Prior Constraints / Chapter 10：
Nature of a Priori / 10.1：
Effect of Prior Constraints on a Retrieval / 10.2：
Choice of Prior Constraints / 10.3：
Retrieval grid / 10.3.1：
Transformation between grids / 10.3.1.1：
Choice of grid for maximum likelihood retrieval / 10.3.1.2：
Choice of grid for maximum a priori retrieval / 10.3.1.3：
Ad hoc Soft constraints / 10.3.2：
Smoothness constraints / 10.3.2.1：
Markov process / 10.3.2.2：
Estimating a priori from real data / 10.3.3：
Estimating a priori from independent sources / 10.3.3.1：
Maximum entropy and the estimation of a priori / 10.3.3.2：
Validating and improving a priori with indirect measurements / 10.3.4：
The nearly linear case / 10.3.4.1：
The moderately non-linear case / 10.3.4.2：
Using Retrievals Which Contain a Priori / 10.4：
Taking averages of sets of retrievals / 10.4.1：
Removing a priori / 10.4.2：
Designing an Observing System / Chapter 11：
Design and Optimisation of Instruments / 11.1：
Forward model construction / 11.1.1：
Retrieval method and diagnostics / 11.1.2：
Optimisation / 11.1.3：
Specifying requirements for the accuracy of parameters / 11.1.4：
Operational Retrieval Design / 11.2：
State vector choice / 11.2.1：
Choice of vertical grid coordinate / 11.2.3：
Choice of parameters describing constitutents / 11.2.3.1：
A priori information / 11.2.4：
Retrieval method / 11.2.5：
Diagnostics / 11.2.6：
Testing and Validating an Observing System / Chapter 12：
The X[superscript 2] Test / 12.1：
Quantities to be Compared and Tested / 12.3：
Internal consistency / 12.3.1：
Does the retrieval agree with the measurement? / 12.3.2：
Consistency with the a priori / 12.3.3：
Measured signal and a priori / 12.3.3.1：
Retrieval and a priori / 12.3.3.2：
Comparison of the retrieved signal and the a priori / 12.3.3.3：
Intercomparison of Different Instruments / 12.4：
Basic requirements for intercomparison / 12.4.1：
Direct comparison of indirect measurements / 12.4.2：
Comparison of linear functions of measurements / 12.4.3：
Algebra of Matrices and Vectors / Appendix A：
Vector Spaces / A.1：
Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues / A.2：
Principal Axes of a Quadratic Form / A.3：
Singular Vector Decomposition / A.4：
Determinant and Trace / A.5：
Calculus with Matrices and Vectors / A.6：
Answers to Exercises / Appendix B：
Terminology and Notation / Appendix C：
Summary of Terminology / C.1：
List of Symbols Used / C.2：
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Introduction / Chapter 1：
The Beginnings / 1.1：
9.

図書
図書
9. Mechanical microsensors (: gw)
M. Elwenspoek, R. Wiegerink
出版情報: Berlin : Springer-Verlag, c2001  x, 295 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Microtechnology and MEMS
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
MEMS / 2：
Miniaturisation and Systems / 2.1：
Examples for MEMS / 2.2：
Bubble Jet / 2.2.1：
Actuators / 2.2.2：
Micropumps / 2.2.3：
Small and Large: Scaling / 2.3：
Electromagnetic Forces / 2.3.1：
Coulomb Friction / 2.3.2：
Mechanical Strength / 2.3.3：
Dynamic Properties / 2.3.4：
Available Fabrication Technology / 2.4：
Technologies Based on Lithography / 2.4.1：
Silicon Micromachining / 2.4.1.1：
LIGA / 2.4.1.2：
Miniaturisation of Conventional Technologies / 2.4.2：
Introduction into Silicon Micromachining / 3：
Photolithography / 3.1：
Thin Film Deposition and Doping / 3.2：
Silicon Dioxide / 3.2.1：
Chemical Vapour Deposition / 3.2.2：
Evaporation / 3.2.3：
Sputterdeposition / 3.2.4：
Doping / 3.2.5：
Wet Chemical Etching / 3.3：
Isotropic Etching / 3.3.1：
Anisotropic Etching / 3.3.2：
Etch Stop / 3.3.3：
Waferbonding / 3.4：
Anodic Bonding / 3.4.1：
Silicon Fusion Bonding / 3.4.2：
Plasma Etching / 3.5：
Plasma / 3.5.1：
Anisotropic Plasma Etching Modes / 3.5.2：
Configurations / 3.5.3：
Black Silicon Method / 3.5.4：
Surface Micromachining / 3.6：
Thin Film Stress / 3.6.1：
Sticking / 3.6.2：
Mechanics of Membranes and Beams / 4：
Dynamics of the Mass Spring System / 4.1：
Strings / 4.2：
Beams / 4.3：
Stress and Strain / 4.3.1：
Bending Energy / 4.3.2：
Radius of Curvature / 4.3.3：
Lagrange Function of a Flexible Beam / 4.3.4：
Differential Equation for Beams / 4.3.5：
Boundary Conditions for Beams / 4.3.6：
Examples / 4.3.7：
Mechanical Stability / 4.3.8：
Transversal Vibration of Beams / 4.3.9：
Diaphragms and Membranes / 4.4：
Circular Diaphragms / 4.4.1：
Square Membranes / 4.4.2：
Buckling of Bridges / Appendix 4.1：
Principles of Measuring Mechanical Quantities: Transduction of Deformation / 5：
Metal Strain Gauges / 5.1：
Semiconductor Strain Gauges / 5.2：
Piezoresistive Effect in Single Crystalline Silicon / 5.2.1：
Piezoresistive Effect in Polysilicon Thin Films / 5.2.2：
Transduction from Deformation to Resistance / 5.2.3：
Capacitive Transducers / 5.3：
Electromechanics / 5.3.1：
Diaphragm Pressure Sensors / 5.3.2：
Force and Pressure Sensors / 6：
Force Sensors / 6.1：
Load Cells / 6.1.1：
Pressure Sensors / 6.2：
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors / 6.2.1：
Capacitive Pressure Sensors / 6.2.2：
Force Compensation Pressure Sensors / 6.2.3：
Resonant Pressure Sensors / 6.2.4：
Miniature Microphones / 6.2.5：
Tactile Imaging Arrays / 6.2.6：
Acceleration and Angular Rate Sensors / 7：
Acceleration Sensors / 7.1：
Bulk Micromachined Accelerometers / 7.1.1：
Surface Micromachined Accelerometers / 7.1.3：
Force Feedback / 7.1.4：
Angular Rate Sensors / 7.2：
Flow sensors / 8：
The Laminar Boundary Layer / 8.1：
The Navier-Stokes Equations / 8.1.1：
Heat Transport / 8.1.2：
Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer / 8.1.3：
Thermal Boundary Layer / 8.1.4：
Skin Friction and Heat Transfer / 8.1.5：
Heat Transport in the Limit of Very Small Reynolds Numbers / 8.2：
Thermal Flow Sensors / 8.3：
Anemometer Type Flow Sensors / 8.3.1：
Two-Wire Anemometers / 8.3.2：
Calorimetric Type Flow Sensors / 8.3.3：
Sound Intensity Sensors - The Microflown / 8.3.4：
Time of Flight Sensors / 8.3.5：
Skin Friction Sensors / 8.4：
"Dry Fluid Flow" Sensors / 8.5：
"Wet Fluid Flow" Sensors / 8.6：
Resonant Sensors / 9：
Basic Principles and Physics / 9.1：
The Differential Equation of a Prismatic Microbridge / 9.1.1：
Solving the Homogeneous, Undamped Problem using Laplace Transforms / 9.1.3：
Solving the Inhomogeneous Problem by Modal Analysis / 9.1.4：
Response to Axial Loads / 9.1.5：
Quality Factor / 9.1.6：
Nonlinear Large-Amplitude Effects / 9.1.7：
Excitation and Detection Mechanisms / 9.2：
Electrostatic Excitation and Capacitive Detection / 9.2.1：
Magnetic Excitation and Detection / 9.2.2：
Piezoelectric Excitation and Detection / 9.2.3：
Electrothermal Excitation and Piezoresistive Detection / 9.2.4：
Optothermal Excitation and Optical Detection / 9.2.5：
Dielectric Excitation and Detection / 9.2.6：
Examples and Applications / 9.3：
Electronic Interfacing / 10：
Piezoresistive Sensors / 10.1：
Wheatstone Bridge Configurations / 10.1.1：
Amplification of the Bridge Output Voltage / 10.1.2：
Noise and Offset / 10.1.3：
Feedback Control Loops / 10.1.4：
Interfacing with Digital Systems / 10.1.5：
Analog-to-Digital Conversion / 10.1.5.1：
Voltage to Frequency Converters / 10.1.5.2：
Capacitive Sensors / 10.2：
Impedance Bridges / 10.2.1：
Capacitance Controlled Oscillators / 10.2.2：
Frequency Dependent Behavior of Resonant Sensors / 10.3：
Realizing an Oscillator / 10.3.2：
One-Port Versus Two-Port Resonators / 10.3.3：
Oscillator Based on One-Port Electrostatically Driven Beam Resonator / 10.3.4：
Oscillator Based on Two-Port Electrodynamically Driven H-shaped Resonator / 10.3.5：
Packaging / 11：
Packaging Techniques / 11.1：
Standard Packages / 11.1.1：
Chip Mounting Methods / 11.1.2：
Wafer Level Packaging
Interconnection Techniques / 11.1.3：
Multichip Modules / 11.1.4：
Encapsulation Processes / 11.1.5：
Stress Reduction / 11.2：
Inertial Sensors / 11.3：
References / 11.5：
Index
Introduction / 1：
MEMS / 2：
Miniaturisation and Systems / 2.1：
10.

図書
図書
10. Applied statistical genetics with R : for population-based association studies
Andrea S. Foulkes
出版情報: New York : Springer, c2009  xxiii, 252 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Use R! / series editors, Robert Gentleman, Kurt Hornik, Giovanni Parmigiani
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
List of Tables
List of Figures
Acronyms
Genetic Association Studies / 1：
Overview of population-based investigations / 1.1：
Types of investigations / 1.1.1：
Genotype versus gene expression / 1.1.2：
Population-versus family-based investigations / 1.1.3：
Assocation versus population genetics / 1.1.4：
Data components and terminology / 1.2：
Genetic information / 1.2.1：
Traits / 1.2.2：
Covariates / 1.2.3：
Data examples / 1.3：
Complex disease association studies / 1.3.1：
HIV genotype association studies / 1.3.2：
Publicly available data used throughout the text / 1.3.3：
Problems
Elementary Statistical Principles / 2：
Background / 2.1：
Notation and basic probability concepts / 2.1.1：
Important epidemiological concepts / 2.1.2：
Measures and tests of association / 2.2：
Contingency table analysis for a binary trait / 2.2.1：
M-sample tests for a quantitative trait / 2.2.2：
Generalized linear model / 2.2.3：
Analytic challenges / 2.3：
Multiplicity and high dimensionality / 2.3.1：
Missing and unobservable data considerations / 2.3.2：
Race and ethnicity / 2.3.3：
Genetic models and models of association / 2.3.4：
Genetic Data Concepts and Tests / 3：
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) / 3.1：
Measures of LD: D' and r2 / 3.1.1：
LD blocks and SNP tagging / 3.1.2：
LD and population stratification / 3.1.3：
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) / 3.2：
Pearson's X2-test and Fisher's exact test / 3.2.1：
HWE and population substructure / 3.2.2：
Quality control and preprocessing / 3.3：
SNP chips / 3.3.1：
Genotyping errors / 3.3.2：
Identifying population substructure / 3.3.3：
Relatedness / 3.3.4：
Accounting for unobservable substructure / 3.3.5：
Multiple Comparison Procedures / 4：
Measures of error / 4.1：
Family-wise error rate / 4.1.1：
False discovery rate / 4.1.2：
Single-step and step-down adjustments / 4.2：
Bonferroni adjustment / 4.2.1：
Tukey and Scheffe tests / 4.2.2：
False discovery rate control / 4.2.3：
The q-value / 4.2.4：
Resampling-based methods / 4.3：
Free step-down resampling / 4.3.1：
Null unrestricted bootstrap / 4.3.2：
Alternative paradigms / 4.4：
Effective number of tests / 4.4.1：
Global tests / 4.4.2：
Methods for Unobservable Phase / 5：
Haplotype estimation / 5.1：
An expectation-maximization algorithm / 5.1.1：
Bayesian haplotype reconstruction / 5.1.2：
Estimating and testing for haplotype-trait association / 5.2：
Two-stage approaches / 5.2.1：
A fully likelihood-based approach / 5.2.2：
Supplemental notes
Supplemental R scripts
Classification and Regression Trees / 6：
Building a tree / 6.1：
Recursive partitioning / 6.1.1：
Splitting rules / 6.1.2：
Defining inputs / 6.1.3：
Optimal trees / 6.2：
Honest estimates / 6.2.1：
Cost-complexity pruning / 6.2.2：
Additional Topics in High-Dimensional Data Analysis / 7：
Random forests / 7.1：
Variable importance / 7.1.1：
Missing data methods / 7.1.2：
Logic regression / 7.1.3：
Multivariate adaptive regression splines / 7.3：
Bayesian variable selection / 7.4：
Further readings / 7.5：
Appendix R Basics
Getting started / A.1：
Types of data objects / A.2：
Importing data / A.3：
Managing data / A.4：
Installing packages / A.5：
Additional help / A.6：
References
Glossary of Terms
Glossary of Select R Packages
Subject Index
Index of R Functions and Packages
Preface
List of Tables
List of Figures
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