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1.

図書

図書
A. Ehrenfeucht, T. Harju, G. Rozenberg
出版情報: Singapore : World Scientific, c1999  xvi, 290 p. ; 23 cm
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Preface
Preliminaries / Chapter 1:
Notations / 1.1:
Sets and functions / 1.1.1:
Closure operators / 1.1.2:
Relations / 1.1.3:
Equivalence relations / 1.1.4:
Partial orders / 1.2:
Downsets / 1.2.1:
Order embeddings / 1.2.2:
Linear orders / 1.2.3:
Semigroups and groups / 1.3:
Notations for semigroups and monoids / 1.3.1:
Free monoids (with involution) / 1.3.2:
Preliminaries on groups / 1.3.3:
Group actions / 1.3.4:
Free groups, commutators and verbal identities / 1.3.5:
Graph Theoretical Preliminaries / Chapter 2:
Directed and Undirected Graphs / 2.1:
Basic notions / 2.1.1:
Connectivity of graphs / 2.1.2:
Some special graphs / 2.1.3:
Comparability graphs / 2.2:
Transitively oriented graphs / 2.2.1:
Permutation graphs and cographs / 2.2.2:
Construction trees of cographs / 2.2.3:
2-Structures and Their Clans / Chapter 3:
Introduction and representations / 3.1:
Definition of a 2-structure / 3.1.1:
Isomorphic 2-structures / 3.1.2:
Reversibility / 3.1.3:
Substructures and clans / 3.2:
Substructures, clans and factors / 3.2.1:
Refinements and similarity / 3.2.2:
Reversible version / 3.2.3:
Graphs and packed components / 3.2.4:
Some special 2-structures / 3.2.5:
Closure properties of clans / 3.3:
Basic closures / 3.3.1:
Sibas: set theoretic closure properties / 3.3.2:
Clans of factors / 3.3.3:
Prime clans / 3.4:
Prime members in sibas / 3.4.1:
Minimal overlapping clans / 3.4.2:
Quotients and Homomorphisms / Chapter 4:
Quotients / 4.1:
Factorizations and quotients / 4.1.1:
Homomorphisms / 4.1.2:
Natural epimorphisms and decompositions / 4.1.3:
Clans and epimorphisms / 4.2:
Homomorphism theorem / 4.2.1:
Prime clans in quotients / 4.2.2:
Primitive quotients / 4.2.3:
Other operations / 4.3:
Premorphisms / 4.3.1:
Extensions / 4.3.2:
Clan Decomposition / Chapter 5:
The clan decomposition theorem / 5.1:
Maximal prime clans / 5.1.1:
Special sibas and 2-structures / 5.1.2:
The relationship of sibas to 2-structures / 5.1.3:
The shape of a 2-structure / 5.2:
The shape and its representation as a tree / 5.2.1:
Same shapes / 5.2.2:
A construction of prime clans / 5.3:
A construction of clans / 5.3.1:
Primitive 2-Structures / 5.3.2:
Small primitive substructures / 6.1:
Uniformly imprimitive 2-structures / 6.1.1:
Primitive substructures of 3 or 4 nodes / 6.1.2:
Hereditary properties / 6.2:
Local and global nodes / 6.2.1:
Critically primitive 2-structures / 6.2.2:
The parity theorem / 6.3.1:
The list of critically primitive 2-structures / 6.3.2:
Angular 2-Structures / Chapter 7:
Angularity / 7.1:
All-connectivity / 7.1.1:
All-connected skew angular 2-structures / 7.1.2:
T-structures / 7.2:
T-structures and partial orders / 7.2.1:
T[subscript 2]-structures / 7.2.2:
Linear orders and Schroder numbers / 7.3:
Bi-orders and linear orders / 7.3.1:
Uniformly imprimitive linear orders / 7.3.2:
Parenthesis words and Schroder numbers / 7.3.3:
Labelled 2-Structures / Chapter 8:
Introduction to l2-structures / 8.1:
Definitions / 8.1.1:
Substructures, clans and quotients / 8.1.2:
Clan decomposition of l2-structures / 8.2:
Uniqueness of decompositions / 8.2.1:
The shape of an l2-structure / 8.2.2:
Graphs and their representations / 8.2.3:
Graphs as l2-structures / 8.3.1:
On comparability graphs / 8.3.2:
Unstable Labelled 2-Structures / Chapter 9:
Triangle free and unstable l2-structures / 9.1:
Removable edges / 9.1.1:
Internal and external nodes / 9.1.2:
Triangle-free l2-structures / 9.1.3:
Heredity in unstable l2-structures / 9.2:
The partition of nodes / 9.2.1:
Alternating structures / 9.2.2:
Degrees of nodes / 9.2.3:
A composition of unstable l2-structures / 9.3:
A constructive reduction of primitive l2-structures / 9.3.1:
Pendant components / 9.3.2:
Automorphisms of Labelled 2-Structures / Chapter 10:
Label preserving automorphisms / 10.1:
The l-automorphism groups / 10.1.1:
Transitivity / 10.1.2:
Automorphic actions on factors / 10.1.3:
Universality of l-automorphism groups / 10.1.4:
Nonpreserving automorphisms / 10.2:
Connections to l-automorphisms / 10.2.1:
Transitivity and associated permutations / 10.2.2:
Representing labels by automorphisms / 10.2.3:
Switching of Graphs / Chapter 11:
Introduction to switching / 11.1:
The group of graphs / 11.1.1:
Switching classes / 11.1.3:
Structural properties of switching classes / 11.2:
A local characterization / 11.2.1:
Automorphisms / 11.2.2:
Special problems on undirected graphs / 11.3:
Two-graphs / 11.3.1:
Eulerian graphs / 11.3.2:
Pancyclic graphs / 11.3.3:
Trees / 11.3.4:
Labelled Structures over Groups / Chapter 12:
Introduction / 12.1:
Groups and involutions / 12.1.1:
Selectors and switching classes / 12.1.2:
An interpretation in networks / 12.2:
Concurrent behaviour in networks / 12.2.1:
Reducing the actions to groups / 12.2.2:
Introducing reversibility / 12.2.3:
Examples for some special groups / 12.3:
The cyclic groups Z[subscript 3] and Z[subscript 4] / 12.3.1:
The symmetric group S[subscript 3] / 12.3.2:
Clans of Switching Classes / Chapter 13:
Associated groups / 13.1:
The group of selectors / 13.1.1:
The group of abelian switching classes / 13.1.2:
Clans and horizons / 13.2:
Spanning trees / 13.2.1:
Horizons and constant selectors / 13.2.2:
Clans / 13.2.3:
Cardinalities of switching classes / 13.3:
Some special cases / 13.3.1:
Centralizers / 13.3.2:
Some improvements / 13.3.3:
Quotients and Plane Trees / Chapter 14:
Quotients of switching classes / 14.1:
Planes and plane trees / 14.1.1:
Planes / 14.2.1:
Plane trees / 14.2.2:
Bijective correspondence of plane trees / 14.2.3:
Forms / 14.2.4:
Invariants / Chapter 15:
Free invariants / 15.1:
General invariants / 15.1.1:
Edge monoids / 15.1.2:
Variable functions and free invariants / 15.1.3:
Group properties of free invariants / 15.2:
Abelian property / 15.2.1:
Graphs of words / 15.2.2:
Verbal identities / 15.2.3:
Invariants on abelian groups / 15.3:
Independency of free invariants / 15.3.1:
Complete sets of invariants / 15.3.2:
Invariants on nonabelian groups / 15.4:
General observations / 15.4.1:
Central characters / 15.4.2:
A characterization theorem / 15.4.3:
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Preliminaries / Chapter 1:
Notations / 1.1:
2.

図書

図書
Bernhard Westfechtel
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c1999  xiv, 418 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in computer science ; 1646
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Introduction / Part I:
Development Processes / 1:
Management / 1.2:
Definition / 1.2.1:
Managerial and Technical Level / 1.2.2:
Products, Activities, and Resources / 1.2.3:
Tools for Managing Development Processes / 1.3:
Management, System: Structure and Functionality / 1.3.1:
Scope of the Management System / 1.3.2:
Models for Managing Development Processes / 1.4:
Process Models / 1.4.1:
Models as Tool Specifications / 1.4.2:
Dynamics of Development Processes / 1.5:
Comparison to Other Business Domains / 1.5.1:
Dynamics at the Instance Level / 1.5.2:
Dynamics at the Definition Level / 1.5.3:
Approach and Contributions / 1.6:
Overall Approach / 1.6.1:
Context of Research / 1.6.2:
Models / 1.6.3:
Formal Specification / 1.6.4:
Tools / 1.6.5:
Related Work / 1.7:
Overview / 1.7.1:
Management of Development Processes: State of the Art / Part II:
Process Management / 2:
Product Management / 2.1:
Documents and Configurations / 2.1.1:
Version Control / 2.1.2:
Workspace Management / 2.1.3:
Activity Management / 2.2:
Modeling of Activities / 2.2.1:
Functions of Activity Management / 2.2.3:
Tools for Activity Management / 2.2.4:
Resource Management / 2.3:
Human Resources / 2.3.1:
Computer Resources / 2.3.2:
Conclusion / 2.4:
Functions of Product Management / 3:
Models for Product Management / 3.2:
Product Space / 3.2.1:
Version Space / 3.2.2:
Interplay of Product Space and Version Space / 3.2.3:
Construction of Versions / 3.2.4:
Workspaces / 3.2.5:
Tools for Product Management / 3.3:
System Descriptions / 3.3.1:
Universe of Discourse / 3.4:
Functions and Objectives of Process Management. / 4.1.1:
Characterization of Development Processes / 4.1.2:
Models for Activity Management / 4.2:
Conceptual Framework / 4.2.1:
Process Meta Models / 4.2.2:
Product Development / 4.2.3:
Management of Human Resources / 4.3:
Models for Human Resource Management / 5.1.1:
Tools for Human Resource Management / 5.1.2:
Management of Computer Resources / 5.2:
Tool Integration / 5.3:
Tool Integration: Classification and Overview / 6.1:
Tool Integration Technologies / 6.2:
A Management System for Mechanical Engineering / 6.3:
The SUKITS Project / 7:
Overview of the SUKITS Project / 7.1:
Motivation / 7.1.1:
Goals / 7.1.2:
Application Domain / 7.1.3:
Project Structure and Results / 7.1.4:
The SUKITS Approach to Process Management / 7.2:
Contributions / 7.2.1:
Management Models / 7.2.2:
Management Tools / 7.2.3:
Management Model: Informal Description / 7.3:
Product Management Model / 8.1:
Documents, Dependencies, and Configurations / 8.1.1:
Versions and Versioned Objects / 8.1.2:
Version and Configuration Graphs / 8.1.3:
Consistency Control and Data Integration / 8.1.4:
Activity Management Model / 8.2:
Product-Centered Activity Management / 8.2.1:
Process Dynamics / 8.2.2:
Resource Management Model / 8.3:
Integration of Formal and Informal Cooperation / 8.4:
Management Model: Formal Specification / 8.5:
PROGRES at a First Glance / 9.1:
Graph Schema / 9.2:
Graph Transformations / 9.2.2:
Model Adaptation / 9.3:
Adaptation in SUKITS / 9.5.1:
PROGRES Specification of Model Adaptation / 9.5.2:
Discussion / 9.6:
Specification-in-the-Small / 9.6.1:
Specification-in-the-Large / 9.6.2:
Management System / 9.7:
Tools: Functionality and User Interface / 10.1:
Management Environment / 10.1.1:
Modeling Environment / 10.1.2:
Work Environment / 10.1.3:
Realization / 10.2:
Communication and Distribution / 10.2.1:
Applications, Experiences, and Evaluation / 10.3:
SUKITS Prototypes / 11.1:
Demonstration: Development of a Drill / 11.2:
Demo Steps / 11.2.1:
Evaluation / 11.3:
ManagementModel / 11.3.1:
Applications / 11.3.2:
Toward an Adaptable Environment for Modeling and Managing Development Processes / 11.4:
Dimensions of Management / 12:
Model Architecture / 12.1.2:
Limitations of the SUKITS Approach / 12.1.3:
Modeling of Management Configurations / 12.2:
Architectural Issues / 12.2.1:
Models for Managing Products, Activities, and Resources / 12.2.2:
PROGRES Environment / 12.3:
Process Support Environment / 12.3.4:
Dynamic Task Nets / 12.4:
Informal Description / 13.1:
Structure of Task Nets / 13.1.1:
Levels of Modeling / 13.1.2:
Behavior of Task Nets / 13.1.3:
Examples / 13.1.4:
Base Model / 13.2:
Standard Behavior / 13.2.2:
Structural Adaptation / 13.2.3:
Behavioral Adaptation / 13.2.4:
Net-based approaches / 13.2.5:
Rule-based approaches / 13.3.2:
State-based approaches / 13.3.3:
Procedural approaches / 13.3.4:
Unified Multi-Project Resource Management / 13.4:
Features of RESMOD / 14.1:
Resources / 14.1.2:
Resource Configurations / 14.1.3:
Plan and Actual Resources / 14.1.4:
Base and Project Resources / 14.1.5:
Task Assignments / 14.1.6:
Layer 1: Resource Hierarchies / 14.2:
Layer 2: Actual and Required Resources / 14.2.2:
Layer 3: Base and Project Resources / 14.2.3:
Object-Oriented Process Modeling / 14.2.4:
Meta Process / 15.1:
Process Analysis / 15.3:
Process Specification / 15.4:
Structural Modeling / 15.4.1:
Model Structuring / 15.4.2:
Behavioral Modeling / 15.4.3:
Environment Generation / 15.5:
Lessons Learned / 15.6:
Current Status and Future Work / 15.7:
Management Model / 16.1:
Modeling Languages / 16.2:
Glossary / 16.3:
References
Index
Introduction / Part I:
Development Processes / 1:
Management / 1.2:
3.

電子ブック

EB
Bernhard Westfechtel
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / Part I:
Development Processes / 1:
Management / 1.2:
Definition / 1.2.1:
Managerial and Technical Level / 1.2.2:
Products, Activities, and Resources / 1.2.3:
Tools for Managing Development Processes / 1.3:
Management, System: Structure and Functionality / 1.3.1:
Scope of the Management System / 1.3.2:
Models for Managing Development Processes / 1.4:
Process Models / 1.4.1:
Models as Tool Specifications / 1.4.2:
Dynamics of Development Processes / 1.5:
Comparison to Other Business Domains / 1.5.1:
Dynamics at the Instance Level / 1.5.2:
Dynamics at the Definition Level / 1.5.3:
Approach and Contributions / 1.6:
Overall Approach / 1.6.1:
Context of Research / 1.6.2:
Models / 1.6.3:
Formal Specification / 1.6.4:
Tools / 1.6.5:
Related Work / 1.7:
Overview / 1.7.1:
Management of Development Processes: State of the Art / Part II:
Process Management / 2:
Product Management / 2.1:
Documents and Configurations / 2.1.1:
Version Control / 2.1.2:
Workspace Management / 2.1.3:
Activity Management / 2.2:
Modeling of Activities / 2.2.1:
Functions of Activity Management / 2.2.3:
Tools for Activity Management / 2.2.4:
Resource Management / 2.3:
Human Resources / 2.3.1:
Computer Resources / 2.3.2:
Conclusion / 2.4:
Functions of Product Management / 3:
Models for Product Management / 3.2:
Product Space / 3.2.1:
Version Space / 3.2.2:
Interplay of Product Space and Version Space / 3.2.3:
Construction of Versions / 3.2.4:
Workspaces / 3.2.5:
Tools for Product Management / 3.3:
System Descriptions / 3.3.1:
Universe of Discourse / 3.4:
Functions and Objectives of Process Management. / 4.1.1:
Characterization of Development Processes / 4.1.2:
Models for Activity Management / 4.2:
Conceptual Framework / 4.2.1:
Process Meta Models / 4.2.2:
Product Development / 4.2.3:
Management of Human Resources / 4.3:
Models for Human Resource Management / 5.1.1:
Tools for Human Resource Management / 5.1.2:
Management of Computer Resources / 5.2:
Tool Integration / 5.3:
Tool Integration: Classification and Overview / 6.1:
Tool Integration Technologies / 6.2:
A Management System for Mechanical Engineering / 6.3:
The SUKITS Project / 7:
Overview of the SUKITS Project / 7.1:
Motivation / 7.1.1:
Goals / 7.1.2:
Application Domain / 7.1.3:
Project Structure and Results / 7.1.4:
The SUKITS Approach to Process Management / 7.2:
Contributions / 7.2.1:
Management Models / 7.2.2:
Management Tools / 7.2.3:
Management Model: Informal Description / 7.3:
Product Management Model / 8.1:
Documents, Dependencies, and Configurations / 8.1.1:
Versions and Versioned Objects / 8.1.2:
Version and Configuration Graphs / 8.1.3:
Consistency Control and Data Integration / 8.1.4:
Activity Management Model / 8.2:
Product-Centered Activity Management / 8.2.1:
Process Dynamics / 8.2.2:
Resource Management Model / 8.3:
Integration of Formal and Informal Cooperation / 8.4:
Management Model: Formal Specification / 8.5:
PROGRES at a First Glance / 9.1:
Graph Schema / 9.2:
Graph Transformations / 9.2.2:
Model Adaptation / 9.3:
Adaptation in SUKITS / 9.5.1:
PROGRES Specification of Model Adaptation / 9.5.2:
Discussion / 9.6:
Specification-in-the-Small / 9.6.1:
Specification-in-the-Large / 9.6.2:
Management System / 9.7:
Tools: Functionality and User Interface / 10.1:
Management Environment / 10.1.1:
Modeling Environment / 10.1.2:
Work Environment / 10.1.3:
Realization / 10.2:
Communication and Distribution / 10.2.1:
Applications, Experiences, and Evaluation / 10.3:
SUKITS Prototypes / 11.1:
Demonstration: Development of a Drill / 11.2:
Demo Steps / 11.2.1:
Evaluation / 11.3:
ManagementModel / 11.3.1:
Applications / 11.3.2:
Toward an Adaptable Environment for Modeling and Managing Development Processes / 11.4:
Dimensions of Management / 12:
Model Architecture / 12.1.2:
Limitations of the SUKITS Approach / 12.1.3:
Modeling of Management Configurations / 12.2:
Architectural Issues / 12.2.1:
Models for Managing Products, Activities, and Resources / 12.2.2:
PROGRES Environment / 12.3:
Process Support Environment / 12.3.4:
Dynamic Task Nets / 12.4:
Informal Description / 13.1:
Structure of Task Nets / 13.1.1:
Levels of Modeling / 13.1.2:
Behavior of Task Nets / 13.1.3:
Examples / 13.1.4:
Base Model / 13.2:
Standard Behavior / 13.2.2:
Structural Adaptation / 13.2.3:
Behavioral Adaptation / 13.2.4:
Net-based approaches / 13.2.5:
Rule-based approaches / 13.3.2:
State-based approaches / 13.3.3:
Procedural approaches / 13.3.4:
Unified Multi-Project Resource Management / 13.4:
Features of RESMOD / 14.1:
Resources / 14.1.2:
Resource Configurations / 14.1.3:
Plan and Actual Resources / 14.1.4:
Base and Project Resources / 14.1.5:
Task Assignments / 14.1.6:
Layer 1: Resource Hierarchies / 14.2:
Layer 2: Actual and Required Resources / 14.2.2:
Layer 3: Base and Project Resources / 14.2.3:
Object-Oriented Process Modeling / 14.2.4:
Meta Process / 15.1:
Process Analysis / 15.3:
Process Specification / 15.4:
Structural Modeling / 15.4.1:
Model Structuring / 15.4.2:
Behavioral Modeling / 15.4.3:
Environment Generation / 15.5:
Lessons Learned / 15.6:
Current Status and Future Work / 15.7:
Management Model / 16.1:
Modeling Languages / 16.2:
Glossary / 16.3:
References
Index
Introduction / Part I:
Development Processes / 1:
Management / 1.2:
4.

電子ブック

EB
David J. Duke, David J. Duke, Ivan Herman, Scott Marshall, M. Scott Marshall
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999
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PREMO: A Standard for Distributed Multimedia
Introduction / 1.1:
What PREMO Is / 1.1.1:
What PREMO Isn't / 1.1.2:
Formal Description Techniques and PREMO / 1.2:
Structure of the Book / 1.3:
Typographical Conventions / 1.4:
Graphical Conventions / 1.5:
An Overview of PREMO
The Structure of PREMO / 2.1:
The PREMO Object Model / 2.3:
Overview / 2.3.1:
From Language Bindings to Environment Bindings / 2.3.2:
Object References / 2.3.3:
Active Objects / 2.3.4:
Operation Dispatching / 2.3.5:
Attributes / 2.3.6:
Non-object Data Types / 2.3.7:
The Foundation Component / 2.4:
Structures, Services, and Types / 2.4.1:
Inter-Object Communication / 2.4.2:
Synchronization / 2.4.3:
Time / 2.4.4:
Property Management / 2.4.5:
Object Factories / 2.4.6:
The Multimedia Systems Services Component / 2.5:
The Paradigm of Media Networks / 2.5.1:
Virtual Resources / 2.5.2:
Stream Control / 2.5.3:
Virtual Devices / 2.5.4:
Virtual Connections / 2.5.5:
Higher-Levels of Organization: Groups and Logical Devices / 2.5.6:
Working in Unison / 2.5.7:
The Modelling, Rendering, and Interaction Component / 2.6:
Object-Oriented Rendering / 2.6.1:
Primitives / 2.6.2:
Modelling and Rendering Devices / 2.6.3:
Coordination / 2.6.4:
Closing Remarks / 2.7:
The Fundamentals of PREMO
Basic Concepts / 3.1:
PREMO Objects and Object Types / 3.2.1:
Non-object Types / 3.2.2:
Object Identity and Object References / 3.2.4:
Operations / 3.3:
Subtyping / 3.4:
Inheritance / 3.5:
Protected Operations / 3.6:
Operation Selection, and Casting / 3.7:
Operation Request Modes / 3.8:
Exceptions / 3.9:
The Object and Object Reference Lifecycle / 3.10:
The Environment Binding / 3.11:
General Implementation Issues
Implementation Choices / 4.1:
Implementation Language / 4.1.1:
Implementation Environment / 4.1.2:
PREMO Specifications in Java and Java RMI / 4.2:
Constraints on the Specification Details / 4.2.1:
Registering Server Objects / 4.2.2:
PREMO Non-object Types / 5.1:
Basic Data Types / 5.2.1:
Constructed Data Types / 5.2.2:
Top Layer of the PREMO Object Hierarchy / 5.2.3:
The PREMOObject Interface / 5.3.1:
Simple PREMO Objects / 5.3.2:
Event Structures / 5.3.2.1:
Constraint Structures / 5.3.2.2:
Callbacks / 5.3.3:
Enhanced PREMO Objects / 5.3.4:
Enhanced PREMO Objects as Service Objects / 5.3.4.1:
Top Layer of PREMO / 5.3.4.2:
General Utility Objects / 5.4:
Event Management / 5.4.1:
The PREMO Event Model / 5.4.1.1:
The Event Handler Object / 5.4.1.2:
Synchronization Points / 5.4.1.3:
Finite State Machines: Controller Objects / 5.4.2:
Detailed Specification of a Controller / 5.4.2.1:
Activity of Controllers / 5.4.2.2:
Time Objects / 5.4.3:
General Notions / 5.4.3.1:
Specification of the PREMO Time Objects / 5.4.3.2:
Synchronization Facilities / 5.5:
Synchronizable Objects / 5.5.1:
Overview: Event-Based Synchronization / 5.5.1.1:
State Transition Monitoring / 5.5.1.2:
Detailed Specification of the Synchronizable Object / 5.5.1.3:
Synchronizable Objects as Callbacks / 5.5.1.4:
Time and Synchronizable Objects / 5.5.2:
Stop-Watch and Progression / 5.5.2.1:
Time and Progression Space / 5.5.2.2:
Reference Point Specifications in Time / 5.5.2.3:
Combining TimeSynchronizable Objects: Time Slaves / 5.5.3:
Time-Lines / 5.5.4:
Negotiation and Configuration Management / 5.6:
Property Inquiry Objects / 5.6.1:
Constraining Properties / 5.6.3:
Dynamic Change of Properties / 5.6.4:
Interaction among Properties / 5.6.5:
Some Conclusions on the Negotiation Facilities / 5.6.6:
Creation of Service Objects / 5.7:
Generic Factory Objects / 5.7.1:
Factory Finders / 5.7.2:
Use of Factories and Factory Finders / 5.7.3:
Multimedia Systems Services Component
Configuration Objects / 6.1:
Format Objects / 6.2.1:
Transport and Media Stream Protocol Objects / 6.2.2:
Quality of Service Descriptor Objects / 6.2.3:
The StreamControl Object / 6.3:
SyncStreamControl Objects / 6.3.2:
Property Control of Configurations / 6.4:
Resource and Configuration Management / 6.4.2:
Monitoring Resource Behaviour and Quality of Service Violations / 6.4.3:
Configuring Devices / 6.5:
Global Configuration / 6.5.1.1:
Port Configurations / 6.5.1.2:
Examples of Virtual Devices / 6.5.2:
Simple Media Devices / 6.5.2.1:
Transformer Devices / 6.5.2.2:
Detailed Specification of Virtual Connections / 6.6:
Examples of Virtual Connections / 6.6.3:
Multicast Connections / 6.6.4:
Groups / 6.7:
Logical Devices / 6.8:
The Role of Primitives in PREMO / 7.1:
The Hierarchy in Overview / 7.2.2:
Captured Primitives / 7.2.3:
Form Primitives / 7.2.4:
Tactile Primitives / 7.2.5:
Modifier Primitives / 7.2.6:
Wrapper Primitives / 7.2.7:
Tracer Primitives / 7.2.8:
Structured Primitives / 7.2.9:
Aggregate Primitives / 7.2.9.1:
TimeComposite / 7.2.9.2:
Reference Primitives / 7.2.10:
Coordinate Spaces / 7.3:
Coordinate / 7.3.1:
TimeLocation / 7.3.2:
Colour / 7.3.3:
Devices for Modelling, Rendering, and Interaction / 7.4:
MRI_Format / 7.4.1:
Efficiency Measures / 7.4.2:
MRI Device / 7.4.3:
Modeller / 7.4.4:
Renderer / 7.4.5:
MediaEngine / 7.4.6:
Input Devices, and Routing / 7.5:
InputDevice / 7.5.1:
Router / 7.5.2:
The Scene Database / 7.6:
Management / 7.7:
Allocation / 7.7.2:
Detailed Java Specifications of the PREMO Objects / 7.7.3:
Foundation Objects / 8.1:
Enumerations / 8.2.1:
Additional Data Types / 8.2.2:
Top Level of PREMO Hierarchy / 8.2.3:
Structures / 8.2.4:
Controllers / 8.2.5:
Sychronization Objects / 8.2.5.3:
Multimedia Systems Services / 8.2.7:
Structures and Additional Data Types / 8.3.1:
Virtual Resource / 8.3.3:
Virtual Device / 8.3.6:
Group / 8.3.7:
Logical Device / 8.3.9:
Objects for Coordinate Spaces / 8.4:
Coordinate Object / 8.4.1.1:
Colour Object / 8.4.1.2:
TimeLocation Object / 8.4.1.3:
Name Object / 8.4.2:
Objects for Media Primitives / 8.4.3:
Primitive Object / 8.4.3.1:
Captured Object / 8.4.3.2:
Primitives with Spatial and/or Temporal Form / 8.4.3.3:
Form Primitives for Audio Media Data / 8.4.3.4:
Form Primitives for Geometric Media Data / 8.4.3.5:
Primitives for the Modification of Media Data / 8.4.3.6:
Modifier Primitives for Audio Media Data / 8.4.3.7:
Modifier Primitives for Structural Aspects of Media Data / 8.4.3.8:
Modifier Primitives for Visual Aspects of Media Data / 8.4.3.9:
Organising Primitives into Structures / 8.4.3.10:
Organising Media Data within Time / 8.4.3.11:
Objects for Describing Properties of Devices / 8.4.4:
MRI_Format Object / 8.4.4.1:
EfficiencyMeasure Object / 8.4.4.2:
Processing Devices for Media Data / 8.4.5:
MRI_Device Object / 8.4.5.1:
Modeller Object / 8.4.5.2:
Renderer Object / 8.4.5.3:
MediaEngine Object / 8.4.5.4:
Scene Object / 8.4.6:
Objects for Supporting Interaction / 8.4.7:
InputDevice Object / 8.4.7.1:
Router Object / 8.4.7.2:
Coordinator Object / 8.4.8:
Selected Implementation Issues
The PREMO Environment / A.1:
Activity of Objects / A.1.1:
Top Level of the PREMO Hierarchy / A.1.2:
Distribution and the Creation of PREMO Objects / A.1.3:
Specific Part 3 Objects / A.2:
Virtual Connection Objects / A.2.1:
Devices on the Same JVM: Piped Streams / A.2.1.1:
Devices on Different JVM's: Sockets / A.2.1.2:
References / A.2.1.3:
Index
PREMO: A Standard for Distributed Multimedia
Introduction / 1.1:
What PREMO Is / 1.1.1:
5.

図書

図書
G. Ausiello ... [et al.]
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c1999  xix, 524 p. ; 25 cm.
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The Complexity of Optimization Problems / 1:
Analysis of algorithms and complexity of problems / 1.1:
Complexity analysis of computer programs / 1.1.1:
Upper and lower bounds on the complexity of problems / 1.1.2:
Complexity classes of decision problems / 1.2:
The class NP / 1.2.1:
Reducibility among problems / 1.3:
Karp and Turing reducibility / 1.3.1:
NP-complete problems / 1.3.2:
Complexity of optimization problems / 1.4:
Optimization problems / 1.4.1:
PO and NPO problems / 1.4.2:
NP-hard optimization problems / 1.4.3:
Optimization problems and evaluation problems / 1.4.4:
Exercises / 1.5:
Bibliographical notes / 1.6:
Design Techniques for Approximation Algorithms / 2:
The greedy method / 2.1:
Greedy algorithm for the knapsack problem / 2.1.1:
Greedy algorithm for the independent set problem / 2.1.2:
Greedy algorithm for the salesperson problem / 2.1.3:
Sequential algorithms for partitioning problems / 2.2:
Scheduling jobs on identical machines / 2.2.1:
Sequential algorithms for bin packing / 2.2.2:
Sequential algorithms for the graph coloring problem / 2.2.3:
Local search / 2.3:
Local search algorithms for the cut problem / 2.3.1:
Local search algorithms for the salesperson problem / 2.3.2:
Linear programming based algorithms / 2.4:
Rounding the solution of a linear program / 2.4.1:
Primal-dual algorithms / 2.4.2:
Dynamic programming / 2.5:
Randomized algorithms / 2.6:
Approaches to the approximate solution of problems / 2.7:
Performance guarantee: chapters 3 and 4 / 2.7.1:
Randomized algorithms: chapter 5 / 2.7.2:
Probabilistic analysis: chapter 9 / 2.7.3:
Heuristics: chapter 10 / 2.7.4:
Final remarks / 2.7.5:
Approximation Classes / 2.8:
Approximate solutions with guaranteed performance / 3.1:
Absolute approximation / 3.1.1:
Relative approximation / 3.1.2:
Approximability and non-approximability of TSP / 3.1.3:
Limits to approximability: The gap technique / 3.1.4:
Polynomial-time approximation schemes / 3.2:
The class PTAS / 3.2.1:
APX versus PTAS / 3.2.2:
Fully polynomial-time approximation schemes / 3.3:
The class FPTAS / 3.3.1:
The variable partitioning technique / 3.3.2:
Negative results for the class FPTAS / 3.3.3:
Strong NP-completeness and pseudo-polynomiality / 3.3.4:
Input-Dependent and Asymptotic Approximation / 3.4:
Between APX and NPO / 4.1:
Approximating the set cover problem / 4.1.1:
Approximating the graph coloring problem / 4.1.2:
Approximating the minimum multi-cut problem / 4.1.3:
Between APX and PTAS / 4.2:
Approximating the edge coloring problem / 4.2.1:
Approximating the bin packing problem / 4.2.2:
Approximation through Randomization / 4.3:
Randomized algorithms for weighted vertex cover / 5.1:
Randomized algorithms for weighted satisfiability / 5.2:
A new randomized approximation algorithm / 5.2.1:
A 4/3-approximation randomized algorithm / 5.2.2:
Algorithms based on semidefinite programming / 5.3:
Improved algorithms for weighted 2-satisfiability / 5.3.1:
The method of the conditional probabilities / 5.4:
NP, PCP and Non-approximability Results / 5.5:
Formal complexity theory / 6.1:
Turing machines / 6.1.1:
Deterministic Turing machines / 6.1.2:
Nondeterministic Turing machines / 6.1.3:
Time and space complexity / 6.1.4:
NP-completeness and Cook-Levin theorem / 6.1.5:
Oracles / 6.2:
Oracle Turing machines / 6.2.1:
The PCP model / 6.3:
Membership proofs / 6.3.1:
Probabilistic Turing machines / 6.3.2:
Verifiers and PCP / 6.3.3:
A different view of NP / 6.3.4:
Using PCP to prove non-approximability results / 6.4:
The maximum satisfiability problem / 6.4.1:
The maximum clique problem / 6.4.2:
The PCP theorem / 6.5:
Transparent long proofs / 7.1:
Linear functions / 7.1.1:
Arithmetization / 7.1.2:
The first PCP result / 7.1.3:
Almost transparent short proofs / 7.2:
Low-degree polynomials / 7.2.1:
Arithmetization (revisited) / 7.2.2:
The second PCP result / 7.2.3:
The final proof / 7.3:
Normal form verifiers / 7.3.1:
The composition lemma / 7.3.2:
Approximation Preserving Reductions / 7.4:
The World of NPO Problems / 8.1:
AP-reducibility / 8.2:
Complete problems / 8.2.1:
NPO-completeness / 8.3:
Other NPO-complete problems / 8.3.1:
Completeness in exp-APX / 8.3.2:
APX-completeness / 8.4:
Other APX-complete problems / 8.4.1:
Probabilistic analysis of approximation algorithms / 8.5:
Introduction / 9.1:
Goals of probabilistic analysis / 9.1.1:
Techniques forthe probabilistic analysis of algorithms / 9.2:
Conditioning in the analysis of algorithms / 9.2.1:
The first and the second moment methods / 9.2.2:
Convergence of random variables / 9.2.3:
Probabilistic analysis and multiprocessor scheduling / 9.3:
Probabilistic analysis and bin packing / 9.4:
Probabilistic analysis and maximum clique / 9.5:
Probabilistic analysis and graph coloring / 9.6:
Probabilistic analysis and Euclidean TSP / 9.7:
Heuristic methods / 9.8:
Types of heuristics / 10.1:
Construction heuristics / 10.2:
Local search heuristics / 10.3:
Fixed-depth local search heuristics / 10.3.1:
Variable-depth local search heuristics / 10.3.2:
Heuristics based on local search / 10.4:
Simulated annealing / 10.4.1:
Genetic algorithms / 10.4.2:
Tabu search / 10.4.3:
Mathematical preliminaries / 10.5:
Sets / A.1:
Sequences, tuples and matrices / A.1.1:
Functions and relations / A.2:
Graphs / A.3:
Strings and languages / A.4:
Booleanlogic / A.5:
Probability / A.6:
Random variables / A.6.1:
Linear programming / A.7:
Two famous formulas / A.8:
A List of NP Optimization Problems / B:
Bibliography
Index
The Complexity of Optimization Problems / 1:
Analysis of algorithms and complexity of problems / 1.1:
Complexity analysis of computer programs / 1.1.1:
6.

図書

図書
Stephen E. Palmer
出版情報: Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, c1999  xxii, 810 p., [8] p. of plates ; 26 cm
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Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Organization of the Book
Foundations
Spatial Vision
Visual Dynamics
Tailoring the Book to Different Needs
Acknowledgments
An Introduction to Vision Science / Part I:
Visual Perception / 1.1:
Defining Visual Perception / 1.1.1:
The Evolutionary Utility of Vision / 1.1.2:
Perception as a Constructive Act / 1.1.3:
Perception as Modeling the Environment / 1.1.4:
Perception as Apprehension of Meaning / 1.1.5:
Optical Information / 1.2:
The Behavior of Light / 1.2.1:
The Formation of Images / 1.2.2:
Vision as an "Inverse" Problem / 1.2.3:
Visual Systems / 1.3:
The Human Eye / 1.3.1:
The Retina / 1.3.2:
Visual Cortex / 1.3.3:
Theoretical Approaches / 2:
Classical Theories of Vision / 2.1:
Structuralism / 2.1.1:
Gestaltism / 2.1.2:
Ecological Optics / 2.1.3:
Constructivism / 2.1.4:
A Brief History of Information Processing / 2.2:
Computer Vision / 2.2.1:
Information Processing Psychology / 2.2.2:
Biological Information Processing / 2.2.3:
Information Processing Theory / 2.3:
The Computer Metaphor / 2.3.1:
Three Levels of Information Processing / 2.3.2:
Three Assumptions of Information Processing / 2.3.3:
Representation / 2.3.4:
Processes / 2.3.5:
Four Stages of Visual Perception / 2.4:
The Retinal Image / 2.4.1:
The Image-Based Stage / 2.4.2:
The Surface-Based Stage / 2.4.3:
The Object-Based Stage / 2.4.4:
The Category-Based Stage / 2.4.5:
Color Vision: A Microcosm of Vision Science / 3:
The Computational Description of Color Perception / 3.1:
The Physical Description of Light / 3.1.1:
The Psychological Description of Color / 3.1.2:
The Psychophysical Correspondence / 3.1.3:
Image-Based Color Processing / 3.2:
Basic Phenomena / 3.2.1:
Theories of Color Vision / 3.2.2:
Physiological Mechanisms / 3.2.3:
Development of Color Vision / 3.2.4:
Surface-Based Color Processing / 3.3:
Lightness Constancy / 3.3.1:
Chromatic Color Constancy / 3.3.2:
Color Naming / 3.4:
Focal Colors and Prototypes / 3.4.2:
A Fuzzy-Logical Model of Color Naming / 3.4.3:
Processing Image Structure / Part II:
Retinal and Geniculate Cells / 4.1:
Striate Cortex / 4.1.2:
Striate Architecture / 4.1.3:
Development of Receptive Fields / 4.1.4:
Psychophysical Channels / 4.2:
Spatial Frequency Theory / 4.2.1:
Physiology of Spatial Frequency Channels / 4.2.2:
Computational Approaches / 4.3:
Marr's Primal Sketches / 4.3.1:
Edge Detection / 4.3.2:
Alternative Computational Theories / 4.3.3:
A Theoretical Synthesis / 4.3.4:
Visual Pathways / 4.4:
Physiologlcal Evidence / 4.4.1:
Perceptual Evidence / 4.4.2:
Perceiving Surfaces Oriented in Depth / 5:
The Problem of Depth Perception / 5.1:
Heuristic Assumptions / 5.1.1:
Marr's 2.5-D Sketch / 5.1.2:
Ocular Information / 5.2:
Accormmodation / 5.2.1:
Convergence / 5.2.2:
Stereoscopic Information / 5.3:
Binocular Disparity / 5.3.1:
The Correspondence Problem / 5.3.2:
Computational Theories / 5.3.3:
Vertical Disparity / 5.3.4:
Da Vinci Stereopsis / 5.3.6:
Dynamic Information / 5.4:
Motion Parallax / 5.4.1:
Optic Flow Caused by a Moving Observer / 5.4.2:
Optic Flow Caused by Moving Objects / 5.4.3:
Accretion/Deletion of Texture / 5.4.4:
Pictorial Information / 5.5:
Perspective Projection / 5.5.1:
Convergence of Parallel Lines / 5.5.2:
Position Relative to the Horizon of a Surface / 5.5.3:
Relative Size / 5.5.4:
Familiar Size / 5.5.5:
Texture Gradients / 5.5.6:
Edge Interpretation / 5.5.7:
Shading Information / 5.5.8:
Aerial Perspective / 5.5.9:
Integrating Information Sources / 5.5.10:
Development of Depth Perception / 5.6:
Organizing Objects and Scenes / 5.6.1:
Perceptual Grouping / 6.1:
The Classical Principles of Grouping / 6.1.1:
New Principles of Grouping / 6.1.2:
Measuring Grouping Effects Quantitatively / 6.1.3:
Is Grouping an Early or Late Process? / 6.1.4:
Past Experience / 6.1.5:
Region Analysis / 6.2:
Uniform Connectedness / 6.2.1:
Region Segmentation / 6.2.2:
Texture Segregation / 6.2.3:
Figure/Ground Organization / 6.3:
Principles of Figure/Ground Organization / 6.3.1:
Ecological Considerations / 6.3.2:
Effects of Meaningfulness / 6.3.3:
The Problem of Holes / 6.3.4:
Visual Interpolation / 6.4:
Visual Completion / 6.4.1:
Illusory Contours / 6.4.2:
Perceived Transparency / 6.4.3:
Figural Scission / 6.4.4:
The Principle of Nonaccidentalness / 6.4.5:
Multistability / 6.5:
Connectionist Network Models / 6.5.1:
Neural Fatigue / 6.5.2:
Eye Fixations / 6.5.3:
The Role of Instructions / 6.5.4:
Development of Perceptual Organization / 6.6:
The Habituation Paradigm / 6.6.1:
The Development of Grouping / 6.6.2:
Perceiving Object Properties and Parts / 7:
Size / 7.1:
Size Constancy / 7.1.1:
Size Illusions / 7.1.2:
Shape / 7.2:
Shape Constancy / 7.2.1:
Shape Illusions / 7.2.2:
Orientation / 7.3:
Orientation Constancy / 7.3.1:
Orientation Illusions / 7.3.2:
Position / 7.4:
Perception of Direction / 7.4.1:
Position Constancy / 7.4.2:
Position Illusions / 7.4.3:
Perceptual Adaptation / 7.5:
Parts / 7.6:
Evidence for Perception of Parts / 7.6.1:
Part Segmentation / 7.6.2:
Global and Local Processing / 7.6.3:
Representing Shape and Structure / 8:
Shape Equivalence / 8.1:
Defining Objective Shape / 8.1.1:
Invariant Features / 8.1.2:
Transformational Alignment / 8.1.3:
Object-Centered Reference Frames / 8.1.4:
Theories of Shape Representation / 8.2:
Templates / 8.2.1:
Fourier Spectra / 8.2.2:
Features and Dimensions / 8.2.3:
Structural Descriptions / 8.2.4:
Figural Goodness and Pragnanz / 8.3:
Theories of Figural Goodness / 8.3.1:
Structural Information Theory / 8.3.2:
Perceiving Function and Category / 9:
The Perception of Function / 9.1:
Direct Perception of Affordances / 9.1.1:
Indirect Perception of Function by Categorization / 9.1.2:
Phenomena of Perceptual Categorization / 9.2:
Categorical Hierarchies / 9.2.1:
Perspective Viewing Conditions / 9.2.2:
Part Structure / 9.2.3:
Contextual Effects / 9.2.4:
Visual Agnosia / 9.2.5:
Theories of Object Categorization / 9.3:
Recognition by Components Theory / 9.3.1:
Accounting for Empirical Phenomena / 9.3.2:
Viewpoint-Specific Theories / 9.3.3:
Identifying Letters and Words / 9.4:
Identifying Letters / 9.4.1:
Identifying Words and Letters Within Words / 9.4.2:
The Interactive Activation Model / 9.4.3:
Perceiving Motion and Events / Part III:
Image Motion / 10.1:
The Computational Problem of Motion / 10.1.1:
Continuous Motion / 10.1.2:
Apparent Motion / 10.1.3:
Object Motion / 10.1.4:
Perceiving Object Velocity / 10.2.1:
Depth and Motion / 10.2.2:
Long-Range Apparent Motion / 10.2.3:
Dynamic Perceptual Organization / 10.2.4:
Self-Motion and Optic Flow / 10.3:
Induced Motion of the Self / 10.3.1:
Perceiving Self-Motion / 10.3.2:
Understanding Events / 10.4:
Biological Motion / 10.4.1:
Perceiving Causation / 10.4.2:
Intuitive Physics / 10.4.3:
Visual Selection: Eye Movements And Attention / 11:
Eye Movements / 11.1:
Types Of Eye Movements / 11.1.1:
The Physiology Of The Oculomotor System / 11.1.2:
Saccaadic Exploration Of The Visual Environment / 11.1.3:
Visual Attention / 11.2:
Early Versus Late Selection / 11.2.1:
Costs and Benefits of Attention / 11.2.2:
Theories of Spatial Attention / 11.2.3:
Selective Attention to Properties / 11.2.4:
Distributed versus Focused Attention / 11.2.5:
Feature Integration Theory / 11.2.6:
The Physiology of Attention / 11.2.7:
Attention and Eye Movements / 11.2.8:
Visual Memory and Imagery / 12:
Visual Memory / 12.1:
Three Memory Systems / 12.1.1:
Iconic Memory / 12.1.2:
Visual Short-Term Memory / 12.1.3:
Visual Long-Term Memory / 12.1.4:
Memory Dynamics / 12.1.5:
Visual Imagery / 12.2:
The Analog/Propositional Debate / 12.2.1:
Mental Transformtions / 12.2.2:
Image Inspection / 12.2.3:
Kosslyn's Model of Imagery / 12.2.4:
The Relation of Imagery to Perception / 12.2.5:
Visual Awareness / 13:
Philosophical Foundations / 13.1:
The Mind-Body Problem / 13.1.1:
The Problem of Other Minds / 13.1.2:
Neuropsychology of Visual Awareness / 13.2:
Split-Brain Patients / 13.2.1:
Blindsight / 13.2.2:
Unconscious Processing in Neglect and Balint's Syndrome / 13.2.3:
Unconscious Face Recognition in Prosopagnosia / 13.2.4:
Visual Awareness in Normal Observers / 13.3:
Perceptual Defense / 13.3.1:
Subliminal Perception / 13.3.2:
Inattentional Blindsight / 13.3.3:
Theories of Consciousness / 13.4:
Functional Architecture Theories / 13.4.1:
Biological Theories / 13.4.2:
Consciousness and the Limits of Science / 13.4.3:
Psychophysical Methods / Appendix A:
Measuring Thresholds / A.1:
Method of Adjustment / A.1.1:
Method of Limits / A.1.2:
Method of Constant Stimuli / A.1.3:
The Theoretical Status of Thresholds / A.1.4:
Signal Detection Theory / A.2:
Response Bias / A.2.1:
The Signal Detection Paradigm / A.2.2:
The Theory of Signal Detectability / A.2.3:
Difference Thresholds / A.3:
Just Noticeable Differences / A.3.1:
Weber's Law / A.3.2:
Psychophysical Scaling / A.4:
Fechner's Law / A.4.1:
Stevens's Law / A.4.2:
Suggestions for Futher Reading
Connectionist Modeling / Appendix B:
Network Behavior / B.1:
Unit Behavior / B.1.1:
System Architecture / B.1.2:
Systemic Behavior / B.1.3:
Connectionist Learning Algorithms / B.2:
Back Propagation / B.2.1:
Gradient Descent / B.2.2:
Color Technology / Appendix C:
Additive versus Subtractive Color Mixture / C.1:
Adding versus Multiplying Spectra / C.1.1:
Maxwell's Color Triangle / C.1.2:
C.I.E. Color Space / C.1.3:
Subtractive Color Mixture Space? / C.1.4:
Color Television / C.2:
Paints and Dyes / C.3:
Subtractive Combination of Paints / C.3.1:
Additive Combination of Paints / C.3.2:
Color Photography / C.4:
Color Printing / C.5:
Suggestions for Further Reading
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
7.

電子ブック

EB
Jan Willers Amtrup
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999
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Overview
Introduction / 1:
Incremental Natural Language Processing / 1.1:
Incremental Speech Understanding / 1.2:
Incremental Architectures and the Architecture of MILC / 1.3:
Summary / 1.4:
Graph Theory and Natural Language Processing / 2:
General Definitions / 2.1:
The Use of Word Graphs for Natural Language Processing Systems / 2.2:
Evaluation of Word Graphs: Size and Quality Measures / 2.3:
Evaluation of Word Graphs: Quality Measures / 2.4:
Further Operations on Word Graphs / 2.5:
Removing Isolated Silence / 2.5.1:
Removing Consecutive Silence / 2.5.2:
Removing All Silence Edges / 2.5.3:
Merging Mutually Unreachable Vertices / 2.5.4:
Hypergraphs / 2.6:
Formal Definition of Hypergraphs / 2.6.1:
Merging of Hyperedges / 2.6.2:
Combination of Hyperedges / 2.6.3:
Search in Graphs / 2.7:
Unification-Based Formalisms for Translation in Natural Language Processing / 2.8:
Unification-Based Formalisms for Natural Language Processing / 3.1:
Definition of Typed Feature Structures with Appropriateness / 3.1.1:
Type Lattices / 3.1.2:
Feature Structures / 3.1.3:
Functions as Values of Features / 3.1.4:
Unification-Based Machine Translation / 3.2:
Architecture and Implementation of the Formalism / 3.3:
Definition and Implementation of Type Lattices / 3.3.1:
Definition and Implementation of Feature Structures / 3.3.2:
MILC: Structure and Implementation / 3.4:
Layered Charts / 4.1:
Communication Within the Application / 4.2:
Communication Architecture of an Application / 4.2.1:
Channel Models / 4.2.2:
Information Service and Synchronization / 4.2.3:
Termination / 4.2.4:
Overview of the Architecture of MILC / 4.3:
Word Recognition / 4.4:
Idiom Processing / 4.5:
Parsing / 4.6:
Derivation of Verbal Complexes / 4.6.1:
Spontaneous Speech and Word Recognition / 4.6.2:
Structure and Processing Strategies / 4.6.3:
Utterance Integration / 4.7:
Transfer / 4.8:
Chart-Based Transfer / 4.8.1:
The Implementation of Transfer for MILC / 4.8.2:
Generation / 4.9:
Visualization / 4.10:
Extensions / 4.11:
Extension of the Architecture / 4.11.1:
Anytime Translation / 4.11.2:
System Size / 4.12:
Experiments and Results / 4.13:
Translation / 5.1:
Data Material / 5.2.1:
Linguistic Knowledge Sources / 5.2.2:
Experiments and System Parameters / 5.2.3:
Evaluation / 5.2.4:
Comparison With Non-incremental Methods / 5.2.5:
Conclusion and Outlook / 5.4:
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
Overview
Introduction / 1:
Incremental Natural Language Processing / 1.1:
8.

図書

図書
Daniel Scharstein
出版情報: Berlin ; New York : Springer, c1999  xv, 163 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Lecture notes in computer science ; 1583
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Introduction / 1:
The Problem / 1.1:
Applications / 1.1.1:
The Computer Graphics Approach / 1.1.2:
Avoiding the Model / 1.1.3:
A Review of Stereo Vision / 1.2:
Camera Model and Image Formation / 1.2.1:
Stereo Geometry / 1.2.2:
The Correspondence Problem / 1.2.3:
The Epipolar Constraint / 1.2.4:
A Simple Stereo Geometry / 1.2.5:
Rectification / 1.2.6:
Example: SSD / 1.2.7:
Contributions and Outline / 1.3:
A Survey of Image-Based Rendering and Stereo / 2:
Image-Based Rendering / 2.1:
View Synthesis Based on Stereo / 2.1.1:
View Interpolation / 2.1.2:
Mosaics and Layered Representations / 2.1.3:
Stereo / 2.2:
A Framework for Stereo / 2.2.1:
Preprocessing / 2.2.2:
Matching Cost / 2.2.3:
Evidence Aggregation / 2.2.4:
Disparity Selection / 2.2.5:
Sub-Pixel Disparity Computation / 2.2.6:
Diffusion-Based Techniques / 2.2.7:
Other Techniques / 2.2.8:
Promising Recent Approaches / 2.2.9:
Computer Vision Books / 2.3:
View Synthesis / 3:
Geometry / 3.1:
Three-View Rectification / 3.1.1:
The Linear Warping Equation / 3.1.2:
Computing the Rectifying Homographies / 3.1.3:
Synthesizing a New View / 3.2:
Resolving Visibility / 3.2.1:
Holes and Sampling Gaps / 3.2.2:
Combining Information from Both Images / 3.2.3:
Adjusting Intensities / 3.2.4:
Filling Holes / 3.2.5:
The View Synthesis Algorithm / 3.2.6:
Limitations of the Approach / 3.2.7:
Experiments / 3.3:
Image-Based Scene Representations / 3.4:
Summary / 3.5:
Re-evaluating Stereo / 4:
Traditional Applications of Stereo / 4.1:
Automated Cartography / 4.1.1:
Robot Navigation / 4.1.2:
3D Reconstruction / 4.1.3:
3D Recognition / 4.1.4:
Visual Servoing / 4.1.5:
Full vs. Weak Calibration / 4.1.6:
Comparison of Requirements / 4.1.7:
Stereo for View Synthesis / 4.2:
Accuracy / 4.3:
Correct vs. Realistic Views / 4.4:
Areas of Uniform Intensities / 4.5:
Geometric Constraints / 4.5.1:
Interpolated Views / 4.5.2:
Extrapolated Views / 4.5.3:
General Views and the Aperture Problem / 4.5.4:
Assigning Canonical Depth Interpretations / 4.5.5:
Does Adding More Cameras Help? / 4.5.6:
Partial Occlusion / 4.6:
Gradient-Based Stereo / 4.7:
Similarity and Confidence / 5.1:
Displacement-Oriented Stereo / 5.2:
The Evidence Measure / 5.3:
Comparing Two Gradient Vectors / 5.3.1:
Comparing Gradient Fields / 5.3.2:
Computing Gradients of Discrete Images / 5.3.3:
Accumulating the Measure / 5.4:
Stereo: 1D Search Range / 5.5:
General Motion: 2D Search Range / 5.5.3:
Computing Disparity Maps for View Synthesis / 5.6:
Occlusion Boundaries / 5.6.1:
Detecting Partially Occluded Points and Uniform Regions / 5.6.2:
Extrapolating the Disparities / 5.6.3:
Efficiency / 5.7:
Discussion and Possible Extensions / 5.8:
Stereo Using Diffusion / 5.9:
Disparity Space / 6.1:
The SSD Algorithm and Boundary Blurring / 6.2:
Aggregating Support by Diffusion / 6.3:
The Membrane Model / 6.3.1:
Support Function for the Membrane Model / 6.3.2:
Diffusion with Local Stopping / 6.4:
A Bayesian Model of Stereo Matching / 6.5:
The Prior Model / 6.5.1:
The Measurement Model / 6.5.2:
Explicit Local Distribution Model / 6.5.3:
Conclusion / 6.6:
Contributions in View Synthesis / 7.1:
Contributions in Stereo / 7.2:
Extensions and Future Work / 7.3:
Bibliography
Introduction / 1:
The Problem / 1.1:
Applications / 1.1.1:
9.

電子ブック

EB
Daniel Scharstein
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1:
The Problem / 1.1:
Applications / 1.1.1:
The Computer Graphics Approach / 1.1.2:
Avoiding the Model / 1.1.3:
A Review of Stereo Vision / 1.2:
Camera Model and Image Formation / 1.2.1:
Stereo Geometry / 1.2.2:
The Correspondence Problem / 1.2.3:
The Epipolar Constraint / 1.2.4:
A Simple Stereo Geometry / 1.2.5:
Rectification / 1.2.6:
Example: SSD / 1.2.7:
Contributions and Outline / 1.3:
A Survey of Image-Based Rendering and Stereo / 2:
Image-Based Rendering / 2.1:
View Synthesis Based on Stereo / 2.1.1:
View Interpolation / 2.1.2:
Mosaics and Layered Representations / 2.1.3:
Stereo / 2.2:
A Framework for Stereo / 2.2.1:
Preprocessing / 2.2.2:
Matching Cost / 2.2.3:
Evidence Aggregation / 2.2.4:
Disparity Selection / 2.2.5:
Sub-Pixel Disparity Computation / 2.2.6:
Diffusion-Based Techniques / 2.2.7:
Other Techniques / 2.2.8:
Promising Recent Approaches / 2.2.9:
Computer Vision Books / 2.3:
View Synthesis / 3:
Geometry / 3.1:
Three-View Rectification / 3.1.1:
The Linear Warping Equation / 3.1.2:
Computing the Rectifying Homographies / 3.1.3:
Synthesizing a New View / 3.2:
Resolving Visibility / 3.2.1:
Holes and Sampling Gaps / 3.2.2:
Combining Information from Both Images / 3.2.3:
Adjusting Intensities / 3.2.4:
Filling Holes / 3.2.5:
The View Synthesis Algorithm / 3.2.6:
Limitations of the Approach / 3.2.7:
Experiments / 3.3:
Image-Based Scene Representations / 3.4:
Summary / 3.5:
Re-evaluating Stereo / 4:
Traditional Applications of Stereo / 4.1:
Automated Cartography / 4.1.1:
Robot Navigation / 4.1.2:
3D Reconstruction / 4.1.3:
3D Recognition / 4.1.4:
Visual Servoing / 4.1.5:
Full vs. Weak Calibration / 4.1.6:
Comparison of Requirements / 4.1.7:
Stereo for View Synthesis / 4.2:
Accuracy / 4.3:
Correct vs. Realistic Views / 4.4:
Areas of Uniform Intensities / 4.5:
Geometric Constraints / 4.5.1:
Interpolated Views / 4.5.2:
Extrapolated Views / 4.5.3:
General Views and the Aperture Problem / 4.5.4:
Assigning Canonical Depth Interpretations / 4.5.5:
Does Adding More Cameras Help? / 4.5.6:
Partial Occlusion / 4.6:
Gradient-Based Stereo / 4.7:
Similarity and Confidence / 5.1:
Displacement-Oriented Stereo / 5.2:
The Evidence Measure / 5.3:
Comparing Two Gradient Vectors / 5.3.1:
Comparing Gradient Fields / 5.3.2:
Computing Gradients of Discrete Images / 5.3.3:
Accumulating the Measure / 5.4:
Stereo: 1D Search Range / 5.5:
General Motion: 2D Search Range / 5.5.3:
Computing Disparity Maps for View Synthesis / 5.6:
Occlusion Boundaries / 5.6.1:
Detecting Partially Occluded Points and Uniform Regions / 5.6.2:
Extrapolating the Disparities / 5.6.3:
Efficiency / 5.7:
Discussion and Possible Extensions / 5.8:
Stereo Using Diffusion / 5.9:
Disparity Space / 6.1:
The SSD Algorithm and Boundary Blurring / 6.2:
Aggregating Support by Diffusion / 6.3:
The Membrane Model / 6.3.1:
Support Function for the Membrane Model / 6.3.2:
Diffusion with Local Stopping / 6.4:
A Bayesian Model of Stereo Matching / 6.5:
The Prior Model / 6.5.1:
The Measurement Model / 6.5.2:
Explicit Local Distribution Model / 6.5.3:
Conclusion / 6.6:
Contributions in View Synthesis / 7.1:
Contributions in Stereo / 7.2:
Extensions and Future Work / 7.3:
Bibliography
Introduction / 1:
The Problem / 1.1:
Applications / 1.1.1:
10.

図書

図書
Paolo Milani, Salvatore Iannotta
出版情報: New York : Springer, c1999  viii, 190 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Springer series in cluster physics
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1:
Molecular Beams and Cluster Nucleation / 2:
Molecular Beams / 2.1:
Continuous Effusive Beams / 2.1.1:
Continuous Supersonic Beams / 2.1.2:
Pulsed Beams / 2.1.3:
Nucleation and Aggregation Processes / 2.2:
Classical Theory / 2.2.1:
Homogeneous Nucleation by Monomer Addition / 2.2.2:
Homogeneous Nucleation by Aggregation / 2.2.3:
Nucleation of Clusters in Beams / 2.2.4:
Semi-empirical Approach to Clustering in Free Jets / 2.2.5:
Cluster Sources / 3:
Vaporization Methods / 3.1:
Joule Heating / 3.1.1:
Plasma Generation for Cluster Production / 3.1.2:
Laser Vaporization / 3.1.3:
Glow and Arc Discharges / 3.1.4:
Continuous Sources / 3.2:
Effusive Joule-Heated Gas Aggregation Sources / 3.2.1:
Magnetron Plasma Sources / 3.2.2:
Supersonic Sources / 3.2.3:
Pulsed Sources / 3.3:
Pulsed Valves / 3.3.1:
Laser Vaporization Sources / 3.3.2:
Arc Pulsed Sources / 3.3.3:
Characterization and Manipulation of Cluster Beams / 4:
Mass Spectrometry / 4.1:
Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry / 4.1.1:
Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry / 4.1.2:
Retarding Potential Mass Spectrometry / 4.1.3:
Detection Methods / 4.2:
Ionization of Clusters / 4.2.1:
Charged Cluster Detection / 4.2.2:
Cluster Beam Characterization / 4.2.3:
Cluster Selection and Manipulation / 4.3:
Size and Energy Selection / 4.3.1:
Quadrupole Filter / 4.3.2:
Separation of Gas Mixtures in Supersonic Beams / 4.3.3:
Thin Film Deposition and Surface Modification by Cluster Beams / 5:
Kinetic Energy Regimes / 5.1:
Diffusion and Coalescence of Clusters on Surfaces / 5.2:
Low-Energy Deposition / 5.3:
Cluster Networks and Porous Films / 5.3.1:
Composite Nanocrystalline Materials / 5.3.2:
High-Energy Deposition / 5.4:
Implantation, Sputtering, Etching / 5.4.1:
Thin Film Formation / 5.4.2:
Outlook and Perspectives / 6:
Cluster Beam Processing of Surfaces / 6.1:
Nanostructured Materials Synthesis / 6.2:
Perspectives / 6.3:
Appendix
References
Introduction / 1:
Molecular Beams and Cluster Nucleation / 2:
Molecular Beams / 2.1:
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