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1.

図書
図書
1. Vision science : photons to phenomenology
Stephen E. Palmer
出版情報: Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, c1999  xxii, 810 p., [8] p. of plates ; 26 cm
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Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Organization of the Book
Foundations
Spatial Vision
Visual Dynamics
Tailoring the Book to Different Needs
Acknowledgments
An Introduction to Vision Science / Part I：
Visual Perception / 1.1：
Defining Visual Perception / 1.1.1：
The Evolutionary Utility of Vision / 1.1.2：
Perception as a Constructive Act / 1.1.3：
Perception as Modeling the Environment / 1.1.4：
Perception as Apprehension of Meaning / 1.1.5：
Optical Information / 1.2：
The Behavior of Light / 1.2.1：
The Formation of Images / 1.2.2：
Vision as an "Inverse" Problem / 1.2.3：
Visual Systems / 1.3：
The Human Eye / 1.3.1：
The Retina / 1.3.2：
Visual Cortex / 1.3.3：
Theoretical Approaches / 2：
Classical Theories of Vision / 2.1：
Structuralism / 2.1.1：
Gestaltism / 2.1.2：
Ecological Optics / 2.1.3：
Constructivism / 2.1.4：
A Brief History of Information Processing / 2.2：
Computer Vision / 2.2.1：
Information Processing Psychology / 2.2.2：
Biological Information Processing / 2.2.3：
Information Processing Theory / 2.3：
The Computer Metaphor / 2.3.1：
Three Levels of Information Processing / 2.3.2：
Three Assumptions of Information Processing / 2.3.3：
Representation / 2.3.4：
Processes / 2.3.5：
Four Stages of Visual Perception / 2.4：
The Retinal Image / 2.4.1：
The Image-Based Stage / 2.4.2：
The Surface-Based Stage / 2.4.3：
The Object-Based Stage / 2.4.4：
The Category-Based Stage / 2.4.5：
Color Vision: A Microcosm of Vision Science / 3：
The Computational Description of Color Perception / 3.1：
The Physical Description of Light / 3.1.1：
The Psychological Description of Color / 3.1.2：
The Psychophysical Correspondence / 3.1.3：
Image-Based Color Processing / 3.2：
Basic Phenomena / 3.2.1：
Theories of Color Vision / 3.2.2：
Physiological Mechanisms / 3.2.3：
Development of Color Vision / 3.2.4：
Surface-Based Color Processing / 3.3：
Lightness Constancy / 3.3.1：
Chromatic Color Constancy / 3.3.2：
Color Naming / 3.4：
Focal Colors and Prototypes / 3.4.2：
A Fuzzy-Logical Model of Color Naming / 3.4.3：
Processing Image Structure / Part II：
Retinal and Geniculate Cells / 4.1：
Striate Cortex / 4.1.2：
Striate Architecture / 4.1.3：
Development of Receptive Fields / 4.1.4：
Psychophysical Channels / 4.2：
Spatial Frequency Theory / 4.2.1：
Physiology of Spatial Frequency Channels / 4.2.2：
Computational Approaches / 4.3：
Marr's Primal Sketches / 4.3.1：
Edge Detection / 4.3.2：
Alternative Computational Theories / 4.3.3：
A Theoretical Synthesis / 4.3.4：
Visual Pathways / 4.4：
Physiologlcal Evidence / 4.4.1：
Perceptual Evidence / 4.4.2：
Perceiving Surfaces Oriented in Depth / 5：
The Problem of Depth Perception / 5.1：
Heuristic Assumptions / 5.1.1：
Marr's 2.5-D Sketch / 5.1.2：
Ocular Information / 5.2：
Accormmodation / 5.2.1：
Convergence / 5.2.2：
Stereoscopic Information / 5.3：
Binocular Disparity / 5.3.1：
The Correspondence Problem / 5.3.2：
Computational Theories / 5.3.3：
Vertical Disparity / 5.3.4：
Da Vinci Stereopsis / 5.3.6：
Dynamic Information / 5.4：
Motion Parallax / 5.4.1：
Optic Flow Caused by a Moving Observer / 5.4.2：
Optic Flow Caused by Moving Objects / 5.4.3：
Accretion/Deletion of Texture / 5.4.4：
Pictorial Information / 5.5：
Perspective Projection / 5.5.1：
Convergence of Parallel Lines / 5.5.2：
Position Relative to the Horizon of a Surface / 5.5.3：
Relative Size / 5.5.4：
Familiar Size / 5.5.5：
Texture Gradients / 5.5.6：
Edge Interpretation / 5.5.7：
Shading Information / 5.5.8：
Aerial Perspective / 5.5.9：
Integrating Information Sources / 5.5.10：
Development of Depth Perception / 5.6：
Organizing Objects and Scenes / 5.6.1：
Perceptual Grouping / 6.1：
The Classical Principles of Grouping / 6.1.1：
New Principles of Grouping / 6.1.2：
Measuring Grouping Effects Quantitatively / 6.1.3：
Is Grouping an Early or Late Process? / 6.1.4：
Past Experience / 6.1.5：
Region Analysis / 6.2：
Uniform Connectedness / 6.2.1：
Region Segmentation / 6.2.2：
Texture Segregation / 6.2.3：
Figure/Ground Organization / 6.3：
Principles of Figure/Ground Organization / 6.3.1：
Ecological Considerations / 6.3.2：
Effects of Meaningfulness / 6.3.3：
The Problem of Holes / 6.3.4：
Visual Interpolation / 6.4：
Visual Completion / 6.4.1：
Illusory Contours / 6.4.2：
Perceived Transparency / 6.4.3：
Figural Scission / 6.4.4：
The Principle of Nonaccidentalness / 6.4.5：
Multistability / 6.5：
Connectionist Network Models / 6.5.1：
Neural Fatigue / 6.5.2：
Eye Fixations / 6.5.3：
The Role of Instructions / 6.5.4：
Development of Perceptual Organization / 6.6：
The Habituation Paradigm / 6.6.1：
The Development of Grouping / 6.6.2：
Perceiving Object Properties and Parts / 7：
Size / 7.1：
Size Constancy / 7.1.1：
Size Illusions / 7.1.2：
Shape / 7.2：
Shape Constancy / 7.2.1：
Shape Illusions / 7.2.2：
Orientation / 7.3：
Orientation Constancy / 7.3.1：
Orientation Illusions / 7.3.2：
Position / 7.4：
Perception of Direction / 7.4.1：
Position Constancy / 7.4.2：
Position Illusions / 7.4.3：
Perceptual Adaptation / 7.5：
Parts / 7.6：
Evidence for Perception of Parts / 7.6.1：
Part Segmentation / 7.6.2：
Global and Local Processing / 7.6.3：
Representing Shape and Structure / 8：
Shape Equivalence / 8.1：
Defining Objective Shape / 8.1.1：
Invariant Features / 8.1.2：
Transformational Alignment / 8.1.3：
Object-Centered Reference Frames / 8.1.4：
Theories of Shape Representation / 8.2：
Templates / 8.2.1：
Fourier Spectra / 8.2.2：
Features and Dimensions / 8.2.3：
Structural Descriptions / 8.2.4：
Figural Goodness and Pragnanz / 8.3：
Theories of Figural Goodness / 8.3.1：
Structural Information Theory / 8.3.2：
Perceiving Function and Category / 9：
The Perception of Function / 9.1：
Direct Perception of Affordances / 9.1.1：
Indirect Perception of Function by Categorization / 9.1.2：
Phenomena of Perceptual Categorization / 9.2：
Categorical Hierarchies / 9.2.1：
Perspective Viewing Conditions / 9.2.2：
Part Structure / 9.2.3：
Contextual Effects / 9.2.4：
Visual Agnosia / 9.2.5：
Theories of Object Categorization / 9.3：
Recognition by Components Theory / 9.3.1：
Accounting for Empirical Phenomena / 9.3.2：
Viewpoint-Specific Theories / 9.3.3：
Identifying Letters and Words / 9.4：
Identifying Letters / 9.4.1：
Identifying Words and Letters Within Words / 9.4.2：
The Interactive Activation Model / 9.4.3：
Perceiving Motion and Events / Part III：
Image Motion / 10.1：
The Computational Problem of Motion / 10.1.1：
Continuous Motion / 10.1.2：
Apparent Motion / 10.1.3：
Object Motion / 10.1.4：
Perceiving Object Velocity / 10.2.1：
Depth and Motion / 10.2.2：
Long-Range Apparent Motion / 10.2.3：
Dynamic Perceptual Organization / 10.2.4：
Self-Motion and Optic Flow / 10.3：
Induced Motion of the Self / 10.3.1：
Perceiving Self-Motion / 10.3.2：
Understanding Events / 10.4：
Biological Motion / 10.4.1：
Perceiving Causation / 10.4.2：
Intuitive Physics / 10.4.3：
Visual Selection: Eye Movements And Attention / 11：
Eye Movements / 11.1：
Types Of Eye Movements / 11.1.1：
The Physiology Of The Oculomotor System / 11.1.2：
Saccaadic Exploration Of The Visual Environment / 11.1.3：
Visual Attention / 11.2：
Early Versus Late Selection / 11.2.1：
Costs and Benefits of Attention / 11.2.2：
Theories of Spatial Attention / 11.2.3：
Selective Attention to Properties / 11.2.4：
Distributed versus Focused Attention / 11.2.5：
Feature Integration Theory / 11.2.6：
The Physiology of Attention / 11.2.7：
Attention and Eye Movements / 11.2.8：
Visual Memory and Imagery / 12：
Visual Memory / 12.1：
Three Memory Systems / 12.1.1：
Iconic Memory / 12.1.2：
Visual Short-Term Memory / 12.1.3：
Visual Long-Term Memory / 12.1.4：
Memory Dynamics / 12.1.5：
Visual Imagery / 12.2：
The Analog/Propositional Debate / 12.2.1：
Mental Transformtions / 12.2.2：
Image Inspection / 12.2.3：
Kosslyn's Model of Imagery / 12.2.4：
The Relation of Imagery to Perception / 12.2.5：
Visual Awareness / 13：
Philosophical Foundations / 13.1：
The Mind-Body Problem / 13.1.1：
The Problem of Other Minds / 13.1.2：
Neuropsychology of Visual Awareness / 13.2：
Split-Brain Patients / 13.2.1：
Blindsight / 13.2.2：
Unconscious Processing in Neglect and Balint's Syndrome / 13.2.3：
Unconscious Face Recognition in Prosopagnosia / 13.2.4：
Visual Awareness in Normal Observers / 13.3：
Perceptual Defense / 13.3.1：
Subliminal Perception / 13.3.2：
Inattentional Blindsight / 13.3.3：
Theories of Consciousness / 13.4：
Functional Architecture Theories / 13.4.1：
Biological Theories / 13.4.2：
Consciousness and the Limits of Science / 13.4.3：
Psychophysical Methods / Appendix A：
Measuring Thresholds / A.1：
Method of Adjustment / A.1.1：
Method of Limits / A.1.2：
Method of Constant Stimuli / A.1.3：
The Theoretical Status of Thresholds / A.1.4：
Signal Detection Theory / A.2：
Response Bias / A.2.1：
The Signal Detection Paradigm / A.2.2：
The Theory of Signal Detectability / A.2.3：
Difference Thresholds / A.3：
Just Noticeable Differences / A.3.1：
Weber's Law / A.3.2：
Psychophysical Scaling / A.4：
Fechner's Law / A.4.1：
Stevens's Law / A.4.2：
Suggestions for Futher Reading
Connectionist Modeling / Appendix B：
Network Behavior / B.1：
Unit Behavior / B.1.1：
System Architecture / B.1.2：
Systemic Behavior / B.1.3：
Connectionist Learning Algorithms / B.2：
Back Propagation / B.2.1：
Gradient Descent / B.2.2：
Color Technology / Appendix C：
Additive versus Subtractive Color Mixture / C.1：
Adding versus Multiplying Spectra / C.1.1：
Maxwell's Color Triangle / C.1.2：
C.I.E. Color Space / C.1.3：
Subtractive Color Mixture Space? / C.1.4：
Color Television / C.2：
Paints and Dyes / C.3：
Subtractive Combination of Paints / C.3.1：
Additive Combination of Paints / C.3.2：
Color Photography / C.4：
Color Printing / C.5：
Suggestions for Further Reading
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
2.

図書
図書
2. Mechanical microsensors (: gw)
M. Elwenspoek, R. Wiegerink
出版情報: Berlin : Springer-Verlag, c2001  x, 295 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Microtechnology and MEMS
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Introduction / 1：
MEMS / 2：
Miniaturisation and Systems / 2.1：
Examples for MEMS / 2.2：
Bubble Jet / 2.2.1：
Actuators / 2.2.2：
Micropumps / 2.2.3：
Small and Large: Scaling / 2.3：
Electromagnetic Forces / 2.3.1：
Coulomb Friction / 2.3.2：
Mechanical Strength / 2.3.3：
Dynamic Properties / 2.3.4：
Available Fabrication Technology / 2.4：
Technologies Based on Lithography / 2.4.1：
Silicon Micromachining / 2.4.1.1：
LIGA / 2.4.1.2：
Miniaturisation of Conventional Technologies / 2.4.2：
Introduction into Silicon Micromachining / 3：
Photolithography / 3.1：
Thin Film Deposition and Doping / 3.2：
Silicon Dioxide / 3.2.1：
Chemical Vapour Deposition / 3.2.2：
Evaporation / 3.2.3：
Sputterdeposition / 3.2.4：
Doping / 3.2.5：
Wet Chemical Etching / 3.3：
Isotropic Etching / 3.3.1：
Anisotropic Etching / 3.3.2：
Etch Stop / 3.3.3：
Waferbonding / 3.4：
Anodic Bonding / 3.4.1：
Silicon Fusion Bonding / 3.4.2：
Plasma Etching / 3.5：
Plasma / 3.5.1：
Anisotropic Plasma Etching Modes / 3.5.2：
Configurations / 3.5.3：
Black Silicon Method / 3.5.4：
Surface Micromachining / 3.6：
Thin Film Stress / 3.6.1：
Sticking / 3.6.2：
Mechanics of Membranes and Beams / 4：
Dynamics of the Mass Spring System / 4.1：
Strings / 4.2：
Beams / 4.3：
Stress and Strain / 4.3.1：
Bending Energy / 4.3.2：
Radius of Curvature / 4.3.3：
Lagrange Function of a Flexible Beam / 4.3.4：
Differential Equation for Beams / 4.3.5：
Boundary Conditions for Beams / 4.3.6：
Examples / 4.3.7：
Mechanical Stability / 4.3.8：
Transversal Vibration of Beams / 4.3.9：
Diaphragms and Membranes / 4.4：
Circular Diaphragms / 4.4.1：
Square Membranes / 4.4.2：
Buckling of Bridges / Appendix 4.1：
Principles of Measuring Mechanical Quantities: Transduction of Deformation / 5：
Metal Strain Gauges / 5.1：
Semiconductor Strain Gauges / 5.2：
Piezoresistive Effect in Single Crystalline Silicon / 5.2.1：
Piezoresistive Effect in Polysilicon Thin Films / 5.2.2：
Transduction from Deformation to Resistance / 5.2.3：
Capacitive Transducers / 5.3：
Electromechanics / 5.3.1：
Diaphragm Pressure Sensors / 5.3.2：
Force and Pressure Sensors / 6：
Force Sensors / 6.1：
Load Cells / 6.1.1：
Pressure Sensors / 6.2：
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors / 6.2.1：
Capacitive Pressure Sensors / 6.2.2：
Force Compensation Pressure Sensors / 6.2.3：
Resonant Pressure Sensors / 6.2.4：
Miniature Microphones / 6.2.5：
Tactile Imaging Arrays / 6.2.6：
Acceleration and Angular Rate Sensors / 7：
Acceleration Sensors / 7.1：
Bulk Micromachined Accelerometers / 7.1.1：
Surface Micromachined Accelerometers / 7.1.3：
Force Feedback / 7.1.4：
Angular Rate Sensors / 7.2：
Flow sensors / 8：
The Laminar Boundary Layer / 8.1：
The Navier-Stokes Equations / 8.1.1：
Heat Transport / 8.1.2：
Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer / 8.1.3：
Thermal Boundary Layer / 8.1.4：
Skin Friction and Heat Transfer / 8.1.5：
Heat Transport in the Limit of Very Small Reynolds Numbers / 8.2：
Thermal Flow Sensors / 8.3：
Anemometer Type Flow Sensors / 8.3.1：
Two-Wire Anemometers / 8.3.2：
Calorimetric Type Flow Sensors / 8.3.3：
Sound Intensity Sensors - The Microflown / 8.3.4：
Time of Flight Sensors / 8.3.5：
Skin Friction Sensors / 8.4：
"Dry Fluid Flow" Sensors / 8.5：
"Wet Fluid Flow" Sensors / 8.6：
Resonant Sensors / 9：
Basic Principles and Physics / 9.1：
The Differential Equation of a Prismatic Microbridge / 9.1.1：
Solving the Homogeneous, Undamped Problem using Laplace Transforms / 9.1.3：
Solving the Inhomogeneous Problem by Modal Analysis / 9.1.4：
Response to Axial Loads / 9.1.5：
Quality Factor / 9.1.6：
Nonlinear Large-Amplitude Effects / 9.1.7：
Excitation and Detection Mechanisms / 9.2：
Electrostatic Excitation and Capacitive Detection / 9.2.1：
Magnetic Excitation and Detection / 9.2.2：
Piezoelectric Excitation and Detection / 9.2.3：
Electrothermal Excitation and Piezoresistive Detection / 9.2.4：
Optothermal Excitation and Optical Detection / 9.2.5：
Dielectric Excitation and Detection / 9.2.6：
Examples and Applications / 9.3：
Electronic Interfacing / 10：
Piezoresistive Sensors / 10.1：
Wheatstone Bridge Configurations / 10.1.1：
Amplification of the Bridge Output Voltage / 10.1.2：
Noise and Offset / 10.1.3：
Feedback Control Loops / 10.1.4：
Interfacing with Digital Systems / 10.1.5：
Analog-to-Digital Conversion / 10.1.5.1：
Voltage to Frequency Converters / 10.1.5.2：
Capacitive Sensors / 10.2：
Impedance Bridges / 10.2.1：
Capacitance Controlled Oscillators / 10.2.2：
Frequency Dependent Behavior of Resonant Sensors / 10.3：
Realizing an Oscillator / 10.3.2：
One-Port Versus Two-Port Resonators / 10.3.3：
Oscillator Based on One-Port Electrostatically Driven Beam Resonator / 10.3.4：
Oscillator Based on Two-Port Electrodynamically Driven H-shaped Resonator / 10.3.5：
Packaging / 11：
Packaging Techniques / 11.1：
Standard Packages / 11.1.1：
Chip Mounting Methods / 11.1.2：
Wafer Level Packaging
Interconnection Techniques / 11.1.3：
Multichip Modules / 11.1.4：
Encapsulation Processes / 11.1.5：
Stress Reduction / 11.2：
Inertial Sensors / 11.3：
References / 11.5：
Index
Introduction / 1：
MEMS / 2：
Miniaturisation and Systems / 2.1：
3.

図書
図書
3. Multiple bonds between metal atoms. 2nd ed
F. Albert Cotton and Richard A. Walton
出版情報: Oxford : Clarendon Press , New York : Oxford University Press, 1993  xxii, 787 p. ; 25 cm
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Introduction and Survey
Prolog / 1.1：
From Werner to the new transition metal chemistry / 1.1.1：
Prior to about 1963 / 1.1.2：
How It All Began / 1.2：
Rhenium chemistry from 1963 to 1965 / 1.2.1：
The recognition of the quadruple bond / 1.2.2：
Initial work on other elements / 1.2.3：
An Overview of the Multiple Bonds / 1.3：
A qualitative picture of the quadruple bond / 1.3.1：
Bond orders less than four / 1.3.2：
Oxidation states / 1.3.3：
Growth of the Field / 1.4：
Going Beyond Two / 1.5：
Complexes of the Group 5 Elements
General Remarks / 2.1：
Divanadium Compounds / 2.2：
Triply-bonded divanadium compounds / 2.2.1：
Metal-metal vs metal-ligand bonding / 2.2.2：
Divanadium compounds with the highly reduced V23+ core / 2.2.3：
Diniobium Compounds / 2.3：
Diniobium paddlewheel complexes / 2.3.1：
Diniobium compounds with calix[4]arene ligands and related species / 2.3.2：
Tantalum / 2.4：
Chromium Compounds
Dichromium Tetracarboxylates / 3.1：
History and preparation / 3.1.1：
Properties of carboxylate compounds / 3.1.2：
Unsolvated Cr2(O2CR)4 compounds / 3.1.3：
Other Paddlewheel Compounds / 3.2：
The first 'supershort' bonds / 3.2.1：
2-Oxopyridinate and related compounds / 3.2.2：
Carboxamidate compounds / 3.2.3：
Amidinate compounds / 3.2.4：
Guanidinate compounds / 3.2.5：
Miscellaneous Dichromium Compounds / 3.3：
Compounds with intramolecular axial interactions / 3.3.1：
Compounds with Cr-C bonds / 3.3.2：
Other pertinent results / 3.3.3：
Concluding Remarks / 3.4：
Molybdenum Compounds
Dimolybdenum Bridged by Carboxylates or Other O,O Ligands / 4.1：
General remarks / 4.1.1：
Mo2(O2CR)4 compounds / 4.1.2：
Other compounds with bridging carboxyl groups / 4.1.3：
Paddlewheels with other O,O anion bridges / 4.1.4：
Paddlewheel Compounds with O,N, N,N and Other Bridging Ligands / 4.2：
Compounds with anionic O,N bridging ligands / 4.2.1：
Compounds with anionic N,N bridging ligands / 4.2.2：
Compounds with miscellaneous other anionic bridging ligands / 4.2.3：
Non-Paddlewheel Mo24+ Compounds / 4.3：
Mo2X84- and Mo2X6(H2O)22- compounds / 4.3.1：
[Mo2X8H]3- compounds / 4.3.2：
Other aspects of dimolybdenum halogen compounds / 4.3.3：
M2X4L4 and Mo2X4(LL)2 compounds / 4.3.4：
Cationic complexes of Mo24+ / 4.3.5：
Complexes of Mo24+ with macrocyclic, polydentate and chelate ligands / 4.3.6：
Alkoxide compounds of the types Mo2(OR)4L4 and Mo2(OR)4(LL)2 / 4.3.7：
Other Aspects of Mo24+ Chemistry / 4.4：
Cleavage of Mo24+ compounds / 4.4.1：
Redox behavior of Mo24+ compounds / 4.4.2：
Hydrides and organometallics / 4.4.3：
Heteronuclear Mo-M compounds / 4.4.4：
An overview of Mo-Mo bond lengths in Mo24+ compounds / 4.4.5：
Higher-order Arrays of Dimolybdenum Units / 4.5：
General concepts / 4.5.1：
Two linked pairs with carboxylate spectator ligands / 4.5.2：
Two linked pairs with nonlabile spectator ligands / 4.5.3：
Squares: four linked pairs / 4.5.4：
Loops: two pairs doubly linked / 4.5.5：
Rectangular cyclic quartets / 4.5.6：
Other structural types / 4.5.7：
Tungsten Compounds
Multiple Bonds in Ditungsten Compounds / 5.1：
The W24+ Tetracarboxylates / 5.2：
W24+ Complexes Containing Anionic Bridging Ligands Other Than Carboxylate / 5.3：
W24+ Complexes without Bridging Ligands / 5.4：
Compounds coordinated by only anionic ligands / 5.4.1：
Compounds coordinated by four anionic ligands and four neutral ligands / 5.4.2：
Multiple Bonds in Heteronuclear Dimetal Compounds of Molybdenum and Tungsten / 5.5：
Paddlewheel Compounds with W25+ or W26+ Cores / 5.6：
X3 M ≡ MX3 Compounds of Molybdenum and Tungsten
Introduction / 6.1：
Homoleptic X3M ≡ MX3 Compounds / 6.2：
Synthesis and characterization of homoleptic M2X6 compounds / 6.2.1：
Bonding in M2X6 compounds / 6.2.2：
X3M ≡ MX3 Compounds as Molecular Precursors to Extended Solids / 6.2.3：
M2X2(NMe2)4 and M2X4(NMe2)2 Compounds / 6.3：
Other M2X2Y4, M2X6-n Yn and Related Compounds / 6.4：
Mo2X2(CH2SiMe3)4 compounds / 6.4.1：
1,2-M2R2(NMe2)4 compounds and their derivatives / 6.4.2：
M4 Complexes: Clusters or Dimers? / 6.5：
Molybdenum and tungsten twelve-electron clusters M4(OR)12 / 6.5.1：
M4X4(OPri)8 (X = Cl, Br) and Mo4Br3(OPri)9 / 6.5.2：
W4 (p-tolyl)2 (OPri)10 / 6.5.3：
W4O(X)(OPri)9, (X = Cl or OPri) / 6.5.4：
K(18-crown-6)2Mo4(μ4-H)(OCH2But)12 / 6.5.5：
Linked M4 units containing localized MM triple bonds / 6.5.6：
M2X6L, M2X6L2 and Related Compounds / 6.6：
Mo2(CH2Ph)2(OPri)4(PMe3) and [Mo2(OR)7]- / 6.6.1：
M2(OR)6L2 compounds and their congeners / 6.6.2：
Amido-containing compounds / 6.6.3：
Mo2Br2(CHSiMe3)2(PMe3)4 / 6.6.4：
Calix[4]arene complexes / 6.6.5：
Triple Bonds Uniting Five- and Six-Coordinate Metal Atoms / 6.7：
Redox Reactions at the M26+ Unit / 6.8：
Organometallic Chemistry of M2(OR)6 and Related Compounds / 6.9：
Carbonyl adducts and their products / 6.9.1：
Isocyanide complexes / 6.9.2：
Reactions with alkynes / 6.9.3：
Reactions with C≡N bonds / 6.9.4：
Reactions with C=C bonds / 6.9.5：
Reactions with H2 / 6.9.6：
Reactions with organometallic compounds / 6.9.7：
(η-C5H4R)2W2X4 compounds where R = Me, Pri and X = Cl, Br / 6.9.8：
Conclusion / 6.10：
Technetium Compounds
Synthesis and Properties of Technetium / 7.1：
Preparation of Dinuclear and Polynuclear Technetium Compounds / 7.2：
Bonds of Order 4 and 3.5 / 7.3：
Tc26+ and Tc25+ Carboxylates and Related Species with Bridging Ligands / 7.4：
Bonds of Order 3 / 7.5：
Hexanuclear and Octanuclear Technetium Clusters / 7.6：
Rhenium Compounds
The Last Naturally Occurring Element to Be Discovered / 8.1：
Synthesis and Structure of the Octachlorodirhenate(III) Anion / 8.2：
Synthesis and Structure of the Other Octahalodirhenate(III) Anions / 8.3：
Substitution Reactions of the Octahalodirhenate(III) Anions that Proceed with Retention of the Re26+ Core / 8.4：
Monodentate anionic ligands / 8.4.1：
The dirhenium(III) carboxylates / 8.4.2：
Other anionic ligands / 8.4.3：
Neutral ligands / 8.4.4：
Dirhenium Compounds with Bonds of Order 3.5 and 3 / 8.5：
The first metal-metal triple bond: Re2Cl5(CH3SCH2CH2SCH3)2 and related species / 8.5.1：
Simple electron-transfer chemistry involving the octahalodirhenate(III) anions and related species that contain quadruple bonds / 8.5.2：
Oxidation of [Re2X8]2- to the nonahalodirhenate anions [Re2X9]n- (n = 1 or 2) / 8.5.3：
Re25+ and Re24+ halide complexes that contain phosphine ligands / 8.5.4：
Other Re25+ and Re24+ complexes / 8.5.5：
Other dirhenium compounds with triple bonds / 8.5.6：
Dirhenium Compounds with Bonds of Order Less than 3 / 8.6：
Cleavage of Re-Re Multiple Bonds by o-donor and π-acceptor Ligands / 8.7：
σ-Donor ligands / 8.7.1：
Jπ-Acceptor ligands / 8.7.2：
Other Types of Multiply Bonded Dirhenium Compounds / 8.8：
Postscript on Recent Developments / 8.9：
Ruthenium Compounds
Ru25+ Compounds / 9.1：
Ru25+ compounds with O,O′-donor bridging ligands / 9.2.1：
Ru25+ compounds with N,O-donor bridging ligands / 9.2.2：
Ru25+ compounds with N,N′-donor bridging ligands / 9.2.3：
Ru24+ Compounds / 9.3：
Ru24+ compounds with O,O′-donor bridging ligands / 9.3.1：
Ru24+ compounds with N,O-donor bridging ligands / 9.3.2：
Ru24+ compounds with N,N′-donor bridging ligands / 9.3.3：
Ru26+ Compounds / 9.4：
Ru26+ compounds with O,O′-donor bridging ligands / 9.4.1：
Ru26+ compounds with N,N′-donor bridging ligands / 9.4.2：
Compounds with Macrocyclic Ligands / 9.5：
Applications / 9.6：
Catalytic activity / 9.6.1：
Biological importance / 9.6.2：
Osmium Compounds
Syntheses, Structures and Reactivity of Os26+ Compounds / 10.1：
Syntheses and Structures of Os25+ Compounds / 10.2：
Syntheses and Structures of Other Os2 Compounds / 10.3：
Magnetism, Electronic Structures, and Spectroscopy / 10.4：
Iron, Cobalt and Iridium Compounds / 10.5：
Di-iron Compounds / 11.1：
Dicobalt Compounds / 11.3：
Tetragonal paddlewheel compounds / 11.3.1：
Trigonal paddlewheel compounds / 11.3.2：
Dicobalt compounds with unsupported bonds / 11.3.3：
Compounds with chains of cobalt atoms / 11.3.4：
Di-iridium Compounds / 11.4：
Paddlewheel compounds and related species / 11.4.1：
Unsupported Ir-Ir bonds / 11.4.2：
Other species with Ir-Ir bonds / 11.4.3：
Iridium blues / 11.4.4：
Rhodium Compounds
Dirhodium Tetracarboxylato Compounds / 12.1：
Preparative methods and classification / 12.2.1：
Structural studies / 12.2.2：
Other Dirhodium Compounds Containing Bridging Ligands / 12.3：
Complexes with fewer than four carboxylate bridging groups / 12.3.1：
Complexes supported by hydroxypyridinato, carboxamidato and other (N, O) donor monoanionic bridging groups / 12.3.2：
Complexes supported by amidinato and other (N, N) donor bridging groups / 12.3.3：
Complexes supported by sulfur donor bridging ligands / 12.3.4：
Complexes supported by phosphine and (P, N) donor bridging ligands / 12.3.5：
Complexes supported by carbonate, sulfate and phosphate bridging groups / 12.3.6：
Dirhodium Compounds with Unsupported Rh-Rh Bonds / 12.4：
The dirhodium(II) aquo ion / 12.4.1：
The [Rh2(NCR)10]4+ cations / 12.4.2：
Complexes with chelating and macrocyclic nitrogen ligands / 12.4.3：
Other Dirhodium Compounds / 12.5：
Complexes with isocyanide ligands / 12.5.1：
Rhodium blues / 12.5.2：
Reactions of Rh24+ Compounds / 12.6：
Oxidation to Rh25+ and Rh26+ species / 12.6.1：
Cleavage of the Rh-Rh bond / 12.6.2：
Applications of Dirhodium Compounds / 12.7：
Catalysis / 12.7.1：
Supramolecular arrays based on dirhodium building blocks / 12.7.2：
Biological applications of dirhodium compounds / 12.7.3：
Photocatalytic reactions / 12.7.4：
Other applications / 12.7.5：
Chiral Dirhodium(II) Catalysts and Their Applications
Synthetic and Structural Aspects of Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxamidates / 13.1：
Synthetic and Structural Aspects of Dirhodium(II) Complexes Bearing Orthometalated Phosphines / 13.3：
Dirhodium(II) Compounds as Catalysts / 13.4：
Catalysis of Diazo Decomposition / 13.5：
Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxylates / 13.6：
Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxamidates / 13.7：
Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanation and Cyclopropenation / 13.8：
Intramolecular reactions / 13.8.1：
Intermolecular reactions / 13.8.2：
Cyclopropenation / 13.8.3：
Macrocyclization / 13.8.4：
Metal Carbene Carbon-Hydrogen Insertion / 13.9：
Catalytic Ylide Formation and Reactions / 13.9.1：
Additional Transformations of Diazo Compounds Catalyzed by Dirhodium(II) / 13.11：
Silicon-Hydrogen Insertion / 13.12：
Nickel, Palladium and Platinum Compounds
Dinickel Compounds / 14.1：
Dipalladium Compounds / 14.3：
A singly bonded Pd26+ species / 14.3.1：
Chemistry of Pd25+ and similar species / 14.3.2：
Other compounds with Pd-Pd interactions / 14.3.3：
Diplatinum Compounds / 14.4：
Complexes with sulfate and phosphate bridges / 14.4.1：
Complexes with pyrophosphite and related ligands / 14.4.2：
Complexes with carboxylate, formamidinate and related ligands / 14.4.3：
Complexes containing monoanionic bridging ligands with N,O and N,S donor sets / 14.4.4：
Unsupported Pt-Pt bonds / 14.4.5：
Dinuclear Pt25+ species / 14.4.6：
The platinum blues / 14.4.7：
Other compounds
Extended Metal Atom Chains
Overview / 15.1：
EMACs of Chromium / 15.2：
EMACs of Cobalt / 15.3：
EMACs of Nickel and Copper / 15.4：
EMACs of Ruthenium and Rhodium / 15.5：
Other Metal Atom Chains / 15.6：
Physical, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Results
Structural Correlations / 16.1：
Bond orders and bond lengths / 16.1.1：
Internal rotation / 16.1.2：
Axial ligands / 16.1.3：
Comparison of second and third transition series homologs / 16.1.4：
Disorder in crystals / 16.1.5：
Rearrangements of M2X8 type molecules / 16.1.6：
Diamagnetic anisotropy of M-M multiple bonds / 16.1.7：
Thermodynamics / 16.2：
Thermochemical data / 16.2.1：
Bond energies / 16.2.2：
Electronic Structure Calculations / 16.3：
Background / 16.3.1：
[M2X8]n- and M2X4(PR3)4 species / 16.3.2：
The M2(O2CR)4 (M = Cr, Mo, W) molecules / 16.3.3：
M2(O2CR)4R′2 (M = Mo, W) compounds / 16.3.4：
Dirhodium species / 16.3.5：
Diruthenium compounds / 16.3.6：
M2X6 molecules (M = Mo, W) / 16.3.7：
Other calculations / 16.3.8：
Electronic Spectra / 16.4：
Details of the δ manifold of states / 16.4.1：
Observed δ → δ* transitions / 16.4.2：
Other electronic absorption bands of Mo2, W2, Tc2 and Re2 species / 16.4.3：
Spectra of Rh2, Pt2, Ru2 and Os2 compounds / 16.4.4：
CD and ORD spectra / 16.4.5：
Excited state distortions inferred from vibronic structure / 16.4.6：
Emission spectra and photochemistry / 16.4.7：
Photoelectron Spectra / 16.5：
Paddlewheel molecules / 16.5.1：
Other tetragonal molecules / 16.5.2：
M2X6 molecules / 16.5.3：
Miscellaneous other PES results / 16.5.4：
Vibrational Spectra / 16.6：
M-M stretching vibrations / 16.6.1：
M-L stretching vibrations / 16.6.2：
Other types of Spectra / 16.7：
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance / 16.7.1：
X-Ray spectra, EXAFS, and XPS / 16.7.2：
Abbreviations
Index
Introduction and Survey
Prolog / 1.1：
From Werner to the new transition metal chemistry / 1.1.1：
4.

図書
図書
4. Mesoscopic electronics in solid state nanostructures
Thomas Heinzel
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2003  337 p. ; 25 cm
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Introduction / 1：
Preliminary remarks / 1.1：
Mesoscopic transport / 1.2：
Ballistic transport / 1.2.1：
The quantum Hall effect and Shubnikov - de Haas oscillations / 1.2.2：
Size quantization / 1.2.3：
Phase coherence / 1.2.4：
Single electron tunnelling and quantum dots / 1.2.5：
Superlattices / 1.2.6：
Samples and experimental techniques / 1.2.7：
An Update of Solid State Physics / 2：
Crystal structures / 2.1：
Electronic energy bands / 2.2：
Occupation of energy bands / 2.3：
The electronic density of states / 2.3.1：
Occupation probability and chemical potential / 2.3.2：
Intrinsic carrier concentration / 2.3.3：
Envelope wave functions / 2.4：
Doping / 2.5：
Diffusive transport and the Boltzmann equation / 2.6：
The Boltzmann equation / 2.6.1：
The conductance predicted by the simplified Boltzmann equation / 2.6.2：
The magneto-resistivity tensor / 2.6.3：
Scattering mechanisms / 2.7：
Screening / 2.8：
Surfaces, Interfaces, and Layered Devices / 3：
Electronic surface states / 3.1：
Surface states in one dimension / 3.1.1：
Surfaces of 3-dimensional crystals / 3.1.2：
Band bending and Fermi level pinning / 3.1.3：
Semiconductor-metal interfaces / 3.2：
Band alignment and Schottky barriers / 3.2.1：
Ohmic contacts / 3.2.2：
Semiconductor heterointerfaces / 3.3：
Field effect transistors and quantum wells / 3.4：
The silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (Si-MOSFET) / 3.4.1：
The Ga[Al]As high electron mobility transistor (GaAs-HEMT) / 3.4.2：
Other types of layered devices / 3.4.3：
Quantum confined carriers in comparison to bulk carriers / 3.4.4：
Experimental Techniques / 4：
Sample fabrication / 4.1：
Single crystal growth / 4.1.1：
Growth of layered structures / 4.1.2：
Lateral patterning / 4.1.3：
Metallization / 4.1.4：
Bonding / 4.1.5：
Elements of cryogenics / 4.2：
Properties of liquid helium / 4.2.1：
Helium cryostats / 4.2.2：
Electronic measurements on nanostructures / 4.3：
Sample holders / 4.3.1：
Application and detection of electronic signals / 4.3.2：
Important Quantities in Mesoscopic Transport / 5：
Magnetotransport Properties of Quantum Films / 6：
Landau quantization / 6.1：
2DEGs in perpendicular magnetic fields / 6.1.1：
The chemical potential in strong magnetic fields / 6.1.2：
The quantum Hall effect / 6.2：
Phenomenology / 6.2.1：
Origin of the integer quantum Hall effect / 6.2.2：
The quantum Hall effect and three dimensions / 6.2.3：
Elementary analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations / 6.3：
Some examples of magnetotransport experiments / 6.4：
Quasi-two-dimensional electron gases / 6.4.1：
Mapping of the probability density / 6.4.2：
Displacement of the quantum Hall plateaux / 6.4.3：
Parallel magnetic fields / 6.5：
Quantum Wires and Quantum Point Contacts / 7：
Diffusive quantum wires / 7.1：
Basic properties / 7.1.1：
Boundary scattering / 7.1.2：
Ballistic quantum wires / 7.2：
Conductance quantization in QPCs / 7.2.1：
Magnetic field effects / 7.2.3：
The "0.7 structure" / 7.2.4：
Four-probe measurements on ballistic quantum wires / 7.2.5：
The Landauer-Buttiker formalism / 7.3：
Edge states / 7.3.1：
Edge channels / 7.3.2：
Further examples of quantum wires / 7.4：
Conductance quantization in conventional metals / 7.4.1：
Carbon nanotubes / 7.4.2：
Quantum point contact circuits / 7.5：
Non-ohmic behavior of collinear QPCs / 7.5.1：
QPCs in parallel / 7.5.2：
Concluding remarks / 7.6：
Electronic Phase Coherence / 8：
The Aharonov-Bohm effect in mesoscopic conductors / 8.1：
Weak localization / 8.2：
Universal conductance fluctuations / 8.3：
Phase coherence in ballistic 2DEGs / 8.4：
Resonant tunnelling and S - matrices / 8.5：
Singe Electron Tunnelling / 9：
The principle of Coulomb blockade / 9.1：
Basic single electron tunnelling circuits / 9.2：
Coulomb blockade at the double barrier / 9.2.1：
Current-voltage characteristics: the Coulomb staircase / 9.2.2：
The SET transistor / 9.2.3：
SET circuits with many islands; the single electron pump / 9.3：
Quantum Dots / 10：
Phenomenology of quantum dots / 10.1：
The constant interaction model / 10.2：
Beyond the constant interaction model / 10.3：
Shape of conductance resonances and current-voltage characteristics / 10.4：
Other types of quantum dots / 10.5：
Mesoscopic Superlattices / 11：
One-dimensional superlattices / 11.1：
Two-dimensional superlattices / 11.2：
SI and cgs Units / A：
Appendices
Correlation and Convolution / B：
Fourier transofrmation / B.1：
Convolutions / B.2：
Correlation functions / B.3：
Capacitance Matrix and Electrostatic Energy / C：
The Transfer Hamiltonian / D：
Solutions to Selected Exercises / E：
References
Index
Introduction / 1：
Preliminary remarks / 1.1：
Mesoscopic transport / 1.2：
5.

図書
図書
5. Thermal deformation in machine tools
edited by Yoshimi Ito
出版情報: New York : McGraw-Hill, c2010  xx, 214 p. ; 24 cm
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Preface
Abbreviations
Nomenclature
Table for Conversation
Fundamentals in Design of Structural Body Components / 1：
Necessities and Importance of Lightweighted Structure in Reduction of Thermal Deformation-Discussion Using Mathematical Models / 1.1：
First-hand View for Lightweighted Structures with High Stiffness and Damping in Practice / 1.2：
Axi-symmetrical Configuration-Portal Column (Column of Twin-Pillar Type) / 1.2.1：
Placement and Allocation of Structural Configuration Entities / 1.2.2：
References
What Is Thermal Deformation? / 2：
General Behavior of Thermal Deformation / 2.1：
Estimation of Heat Sources and Their Magnitudes / 2.2：
Estimation of Heat Source Position / 2.2.1：
Estimation of Magnitude of Heat Generation / 2.2.2：
Estimation of Thermal Deformation of Machine Tools / 2.3：
Estimation of Thermal Deformation in General / 2.3.1：
Thermal Deformation Caused by Inner Heat Sources / 2.3.2：
Thermal Deformation Caused by Both Inner and Outer Heat Sources / 2.3.3：
Heat Sources Generated by Chips and Their Dissipation / 2.4：
Mathematical Model of Chips / 2.4.1：
Thermal Properties of Chips-Equivalent Thermal Conductivity and Contact Resistance / 2.4.2：
An Example of Heat Transfer from Piled Chips to Machine Tool Structure / 2.4.3：
Dissipation of Chips / 2.4.4：
Future Perspectives in Research and Development for Heat Sources and Dissipation / 2.5：
Structural Materials and Design for Preferable Thermal Stability / 3：
Remedies Concerning Raw Materials for Structural Body Components / 3.1：
Concrete / 3.1.1：
Painting and Coating Materials / 3.1.2：
New Materials / 3.1.3：
Remedies Concerning Structural Configurations and Plural-Spindle Systems / 3.2：
Non-Sensitive Structure / 3.2.1：
Non-Constraint Structure / 3.2.2：
Deformation Minimization Structure / 3.2.3：
Plural-Spindle Systems-Twin-Spindle Configuration Including Spindle-over-Spindle Type / 3.2.4：
Future Perspectives in Research and Development for Structural Configuration to Minimize Thermal Deformation / 3.3：
Two-Layered Spindle with Independent Rotating Function / 3.3.1：
Selective Modular Design for Advanced Quinaxial-Controlled MC with Turning Function / 3.3.2：
Various Remedies for Reduction of Thermal Deformation / 4：
Thermal Deformations and Effective Remedies / 4.1：
Classification of Remedies for Reduction of Thermal Deformation / 4.2：
Separation of Heat Sources / 4.2.1：
Reduction of Generated Heat / 4.2.2：
Equalization of Temperature Distribution / 4.2.3：
Compensation of Thermal Deformations / 4.2.4：
Innovative Remedies for Minimizing Thermal Deformation in the Near Future / 4.3：
Appendix
Optimization of Structural Design / A.1：
Finite Element Analysis for Thermal Behavior / 5：
Numerical Computation for Thermal Problems in General / 5.1：
Introduction / 5.1.1：
Finite Element Method / 5.1.2：
Finite Differences Method / 5.1.3：
Decision Making for the Selection of Methods / 5.1.4：
Procedure for Thermal Finite Element Analysis / 5.2：
Discretisation / 5.2.1：
Materials / 5.2.3：
Assembling Components to an Entire Machine Tool Model / 5.2.4：
Boundary Conditions / 5.2.5：
Loadcases / 5.2.6：
Linear and Non-Linear Thermal Computation / 5.2.7：
Determination of Boundary Conditions / 5.3：
Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients / 5.3.1：
Emission Coefficients and View Factors / 5.3.3：
Heat Sources and Sinks / 5.3.4：
Thermomechanical Simulation Process / 5.4：
Serial Processing / 5.4.1：
Coupled Processing / 5.4.3：
Future Perspectives in Research and Development for Thermal FEA / 5.5：
Engineering Computation for Thermal Behavior and Thermal Performance Test / 6：
Tank Model / 6.1：
Bond Graph Simulation to Estimate Thermal Behavior within High-Voltage and NC Controllers / 6.2：
Thermal Performance Testing / 6.3：
Index
Preface
Abbreviations
Nomenclature
6.

図書
図書
6. Neural network learning and expert systems
Stephen I. Gallant
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c1993  xvi, 365 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Bradford book
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Foreword
Basics / I：
Introduction and Important Definitions / 1：
Why Connectionist Models? / 1.1：
The Grand Goals of Al and Its Current Impasse / 1.1.1：
The Computational Appeal of Neural Networks / 1.1.2：
The Structure of Connectionist Models / 1.2：
Network Properties / 1.2.1：
Cell Properties / 1.2.2：
Dynamic Properties / 1.2.3：
Learning Properties / 1.2.4：
Two Fundamental Models: Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP's) and Backpropagation Networks (BPN's) / 1.3：
Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP's) / 1.3.1：
Backpropagation Networks (BPN's) / 1.3.2：
Gradient Descent / 1.4：
The Algorithm / 1.4.1：
Practical Problems / 1.4.2：
Comments / 1.4.3：
Historic and Bibliographic Notes / 1.5：
Early Work / 1.5.1：
The Decline of the Perceptron / 1.5.2：
The Rise of Connectionist Research / 1.5.3：
Other Bibliographic Notes / 1.5.4：
Exercises / 1.6：
Programming Project / 1.7：
Representation Issues / 2：
Representing Boolean Functions / 2.1：
Equivalence of {+1, -1,0} and {1,0} Forms / 2.1.1：
Single-Cell Models / 2.1.2：
Nonseparable Functions / 2.1.3：
Representing Arbitrary Boolean Functions / 2.1.4：
Representing Boolean Functions Using Continuous Connectionist Models / 2.1.5：
Distributed Representations / 2.2：
Definition / 2.2.1：
Storage Efficiency and Resistance to Error / 2.2.2：
Superposition / 2.2.3：
Learning / 2.2.4：
Feature Spaces and ISA Relations / 2.3：
Feature Spaces / 2.3.1：
Concept-Function Unification / 2.3.2：
ISA Relations / 2.3.3：
Binding / 2.3.4：
Representing Real-Valued Functions / 2.4：
Approximating Real Numbers by Collections of Discrete Cells / 2.4.1：
Precision / 2.4.2：
Approximating Real Numbers by Collections of Continuous Cells / 2.4.3：
Example: Taxtime! / 2.5：
Programming Projects / 2.6：
Learning In Single-Layer Models / II：
Perceptron Learning and the Pocket Algorithm / 3：
Perceptron Learning for Separable Sets of Training Examples / 3.1：
Statement of the Problem / 3.1.1：
Computing the Bias / 3.1.2：
The Perceptron Learning Algorithm / 3.1.3：
Perceptron Convergence Theorem / 3.1.4：
The Perceptron Cycling Theorem / 3.1.5：
The Pocket Algorithm for Nonseparable Sets of Training Examples / 3.2：
Problem Statement / 3.2.1：
Perceptron Learning Is Poorly Behaved / 3.2.2：
The Pocket Algorithm / 3.2.3：
Ratchets / 3.2.4：
Examples / 3.2.5：
Noisy and Contradictory Sets of Training Examples / 3.2.6：
Rules / 3.2.7：
Implementation Considerations / 3.2.8：
Proof of the Pocket Convergence Theorem / 3.2.9：
Khachiyan's Linear Programming Algorithm / 3.3：
Winner-Take-All Groups or Linear Machines / 3.4：
Generalizes Single-Cell Models / 4.1：
Perceptron Learning for Winner-Take-All Groups / 4.2：
The Pocket Algorithm for Winner-Take-All Groups / 4.3：
Kessler's Construction, Perceptron Cycling, and the Pocket Algorithm Proof / 4.4：
Independent Training / 4.5：
Autoassociators and One-Shot Learning / 4.6：
Linear Autoassociators and the Outer-Product Training Rule / 5.1：
Anderson's BSB Model / 5.2：
Hopfieid's Model / 5.3：
Energy / 5.3.1：
The Traveling Salesman Problem / 5.4：
The Cohen-Grossberg Theorem / 5.5：
Kanerva's Model / 5.6：
Autoassociative Filtering for Feedforward Networks / 5.7：
Concluding Remarks / 5.8：
Mean Squared Error (MSE) Algorithms / 5.9：
Motivation / 6.1：
MSE Approximations / 6.2：
The Widrow-Hoff Rule or LMS Algorithm / 6.3：
Number of Training Examples Required / 6.3.1：
Adaline / 6.4：
Adaptive Noise Cancellation / 6.5：
Decision-Directed Learning / 6.6：
Unsupervised Learning / 6.7：
Introduction / 7.1：
No Teacher / 7.1.1：
Clustering Algorithms / 7.1.2：
k-Means Clustering / 7.2：
Topology-Preserving Maps / 7.2.1：
Example / 7.3.1：
Demonstrations / 7.3.4：
Dimensionality, Neighborhood Size, and Final Comments / 7.3.5：
Art1 / 7.4：
Important Aspects of the Algorithm / 7.4.1：
Art2 / 7.4.2：
Using Clustering Algorithms for Supervised Learning / 7.6：
Labeling Clusters / 7.6.1：
ARTMAP or Supervised ART / 7.6.2：
Learning In Multilayer Models / 7.7：
The Distributed Method and Radial Basis Functions / 8：
Rosenblatt's Approach / 8.1：
The Distributed Method / 8.2：
Cover's Formula / 8.2.1：
Robustness-Preserving Functions / 8.2.2：
Hepatobiliary Data / 8.3：
Artificial Data / 8.3.2：
How Many Cells? / 8.4：
Pruning Data / 8.4.1：
Leave-One-Out / 8.4.2：
Radial Basis Functions / 8.5：
A Variant: The Anchor Algorithm / 8.6：
Scaling, Multiple Outputs, and Parallelism / 8.7：
Scaling Properties / 8.7.1：
Multiple Outputs and Parallelism / 8.7.2：
A Computational Speedup for Learning / 8.7.3：
Computational Learning Theory and the BRD Algorithm / 8.7.4：
Introduction to Computational Learning Theory / 9.1：
PAC-Learning / 9.1.1：
Bounded Distributed Connectionist Networks / 9.1.2：
Probabilistic Bounded Distributed Concepts / 9.1.3：
A Learning Algorithm for Probabilistic Bounded Distributed Concepts / 9.2：
The BRD Theorem / 9.3：
Polynomial Learning / 9.3.1：
Noisy Data and Fallback Estimates / 9.4：
Vapnik-Chervonenkis Bounds / 9.4.1：
Hoeffding and Chernoff Bounds / 9.4.2：
Pocket Algorithm / 9.4.3：
Additional Training Examples / 9.4.4：
Bounds for Single-Layer Algorithms / 9.5：
Fitting Data by Limiting the Number of Iterations / 9.6：
Discussion / 9.7：
Exercise / 9.8：
Constructive Algorithms / 9.9：
The Tower and Pyramid Algorithms / 10.1：
The Tower Algorithm / 10.1.1：
Proof of Convergence / 10.1.2：
A Computational Speedup / 10.1.4：
The Pyramid Algorithm / 10.1.5：
The Cascade-Correlation Algorithm / 10.2：
The Tiling Algorithm / 10.3：
The Upstart Algorithm / 10.4：
Other Constructive Algorithms and Pruning / 10.5：
Easy Learning Problems / 10.6：
Decomposition / 10.6.1：
Expandable Network Problems / 10.6.2：
Limits of Easy Learning / 10.6.3：
Backpropagation / 10.7：
The Backpropagation Algorithm / 11.1：
Statement of the Algorithm / 11.1.1：
A Numerical Example / 11.1.2：
Derivation / 11.2：
Practical Considerations / 11.3：
Determination of Correct Outputs / 11.3.1：
Initial Weights / 11.3.2：
Choice of r / 11.3.3：
Momentum / 11.3.4：
Network Topology / 11.3.5：
Local Minima / 11.3.6：
Activations in [0,1] versus [-1, 1] / 11.3.7：
Update after Every Training Example / 11.3.8：
Other Squashing Functions / 11.3.9：
NP-Completeness / 11.4：
Overuse / 11.5：
Interesting Intermediate Cells / 11.5.2：
Continuous Outputs / 11.5.3：
Probability Outputs / 11.5.4：
Using Backpropagation to Train Multilayer Perceptrons / 11.5.5：
Backpropagation: Variations and Applications / 11.6：
NETtalk / 12.1：
Input and Output Representations / 12.1.1：
Experiments / 12.1.2：
Backpropagation through Time / 12.1.3：
Handwritten Character Recognition / 12.3：
Neocognitron Architecture / 12.3.1：
The Network / 12.3.2：
Robot Manipulator with Excess Degrees of Freedom / 12.3.3：
The Problem / 12.4.1：
Training the Inverse Network / 12.4.2：
Plan Units / 12.4.3：
Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann Machines / 12.4.4：
Simulated Annealing / 13.1：
Boltzmann Machines / 13.2：
The Boltzmann Model / 13.2.1：
Boltzmann Learning / 13.2.2：
The Boltzmann Algorithm and Noise Clamping / 13.2.3：
Example: The 4-2-4 Encoder Problem / 13.2.4：
Remarks / 13.3：
Neural Network Expert Systems / 13.4：
Expert Systems and Neural Networks / 14：
Expert Systems / 14.1：
What Is an Expert System? / 14.1.1：
Why Expert Systems? / 14.1.2：
Historically Important Expert Systems / 14.1.3：
Critique of Conventional Expert Systems / 14.1.4：
Neural Network Decision Systems / 14.2：
Example: Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Occlusion / 14.2.1：
Example: Autonomous Navigation / 14.2.2：
Other Examples / 14.2.3：
Decision Systems versus Expert Systems / 14.2.4：
MACIE, and an Example Problem / 14.3：
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Sarcophagal Disease / 14.3.1：
Network Generation / 14.3.2：
Sample Run of Macie / 14.3.3：
Real-Valued Variables and Winner-Take-All Groups / 14.3.4：
Not-Yet-Known versus Unavailable Variables / 14.3.5：
Applicability of Neural Network Expert Systems / 14.4：
Details of the MACIE System / 14.5：
Inferencing and Forward Chaining / 15.1：
Discrete Multilayer Perceptron Models / 15.1.1：
Continuous Variables / 15.1.2：
Winner-Take-All Groups / 15.1.3：
Using Prior Probabilities for More Aggressive Inferencing / 15.1.4：
Confidence Estimation / 15.2：
A Confidence Heuristic Prior to Inference / 15.2.1：
Confidence in Inferences / 15.2.2：
Information Acquisition and Backward Chaining / 15.3：
Concluding Comment / 15.4：
Noise, Redundancy, Fault Detection, and Bayesian Decision Theory / 15.5：
The High Tech Lemonade Corporation's Problem / 16.1：
The Deep Model and the Noise Model / 16.2：
Generating the Expert System / 16.3：
Probabilistic Analysis / 16.4：
Noisy Single-Pattern Boolean Fault Detection Problems / 16.5：
Convergence Theorem / 16.6：
Extracting Rules from networks / 16.7：
Why Rules? / 17.1：
What Kind of Rules? / 17.2：
Criteria / 17.2.1：
Inference Justifications versus Rule Sets / 17.2.2：
Which Variables in Conditions / 17.2.3：
Inference Justifications / 17.3：
MACIE's Algorithm / 17.3.1：
The Removal Algorithm / 17.3.2：
Key Factor Justifications / 17.3.3：
Justifications for Continuous Models / 17.3.4：
Rule Sets / 17.4：
Limiting the Number of Conditions / 17.4.1：
Approximating Rules / 17.4.2：
Conventional + Neural Network Expert Systems / 17.5：
Debugging an Expert System Knowledge Base / 17.5.1：
The Short-Rule Debugging Cycle / 17.5.2：
Appendix Representation Comparisons / 17.6：
DNF Expressions / A.1 DNF Expressions and Polynomial Representability：
Polynomial Representability / A.1.2：
Space Comparison of MLP and DNF Representations / A.1.3：
Speed Comparison of MLP and DNF Representations / A.1.4：
MLP versus DNF Representations / A.1.5：
Decision Trees / A.2：
Representing Decision Trees by MLP's / A.2.1：
Speed Comparison / A.2.2：
Decision Trees versus MLP's / A.2.3：
p-lDiagrams / A.3：
Symmetric Functions and Depth Complexity / A.4：
Bibliography / A.5：
Index
Foreword
Basics / I：
Introduction and Important Definitions / 1：
7.

図書
図書
7. Microbial polyesters (: us ; : gw)
Yoshiharu Doi
出版情報: New York, N.Y. : VCH, c1990  ix, 156 p. ; 23 cm
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Introduction / Chapter 1：
Microbial Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) / 1.1：
Microbial Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) / 1.2：
Environmentally Degradable Polyesters / 1.3：
References
Fermentation and Analysis of Microbial Polyesters / Chapter 2：
Fermentation Production / 2.1：
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) / 2.1.1：
Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) / 2.1.2：
Polymer Isolation / 2.2：
Solvent Extraction / 2.2.1：
Alkaline Hypochlorite Treatment / 2.2.2：
Enzyme Treatment / 2.2.3：
Analysis / 2.3：
Polyester Content of Cells / 2.3.1：
Composition of Copolymers / 2.3.2：
Molecular Weight? / 2.3.3：
Microorganisms and Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) / Chapter 3：
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Microorganisms / 3.1：
Functions of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) / 3.1.1：
Structure of Native P(3HB) Granules / 3.1.2：
Biosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) / 3.2：
Alcaligenes eutrophus / 3.2.1：
Pseudomonas oleovorans / 3.2.2：
Other Bacterial Strains / 3.2.3：
Molecular Structures of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) / 3.3：
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyalerate) / 3.3.1：
Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates-co-3-hydroxy--chloroalkanoates) / 3.3.2：
Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Metabolism / Chapter 4：
Pathways of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Synthesis / 4.1：
Pathways of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Synthesis / 4.2：
Enzymology of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Synthesis / 4.3：
3-Ketothiolase / 4.3.1：
Acetoacetyl-CoA Reductase / 4.3.2：
P(3HB) Synthase / 4.3.3：
Pathways of P(3-hydroxybutyrate) Degradation / 4.4：
Cyclic Nature of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Metabolism / 4.5：
Replacement of P(3HB) by P(3HB-co-3HV) / 4.5.1：
Replacement of P(3HB-co-3HV) by P(3HB) / 4.5.2：
Application to PHA Fermentation / 4.5.3：
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) / Chapter 5：
Alcaligenes eutrophus and Carbon Substrates / 5.1：
Molecular Structure / 5.2：
Biosynthetic Pathway? / 5.3：
Structure and Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) / Chapter 6：
Crystal Structure and Properties / 6.1：
Crystal Structure / 6.1.1：
Solid-State Properties / 6.1.2：
Solution Properties / 6.2：
Solid-State Properties of Copolyesters / Chapter 7：
Composition and Physical Properties / 7.1：
X-Ray Diffraction Analysis / 7.1.1：
Solid-State CP/MAS 13C-NMR Analysis / 7.1.2：
Mechanical Properties / 7.1.3：
Thermal Properties / 7.2：
Melting Temperatures / 7.2.1：
Glass-Transition Temperatures / 7.2.2：
Thermal Stability / 7.2.3：
Kinetics of Crystallization / 7.3：
Biodegradation of Microbial Polyesters / Chapter 8：
Extracellular P(3HB) Depolymerase / 8.1：
Pseudomonas lemoignei / 8.1.1：
Alcaligenes faecalis / 8.1.2：
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Copolyesters / 8.2：
Simple Hydrolysis of Polyesters / 8.3：
Applications and Prospects / 8.4：
Environmentally Degradable Plastics / 8.4.1：
Medical Applications / 8.4.2：
Index
Introduction / Chapter 1：
Microbial Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) / 1.1：
Microbial Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) / 1.2：
8.

図書
図書
8. Computational methods for fluid dynamics. 3rd, rev. ed (: pbk)
Joel H. Ferziger, Milovan Perić
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2002  xiv, 423 p. ; 24 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Basic Concepts of Fluid Flow / 1.：
Introduction / 1.1：
Conservation Principles / 1.2：
Mass Conservation / 1.3：
Momentum Conservation / 1.4：
Conservation of Scalar Quantities / 1.5：
Dimensionless Form of Equations / 1.6：
Simplified Mathematical Models / 1.7：
Incompressible Flow / 1.7.1：
Inviscid (Euler) Flow / 1.7.2：
Potential Flow / 1.7.3：
Creeping (Stokes) Flow / 1.7.4：
Boussinesq Approximation / 1.7.5：
Boundary Layer Approximation / 1.7.6：
Modeling of Complex Flow Phenomena / 1.7.7：
Mathematical Classification of Flows / 1.8：
Hyperbolic Flows / 1.8.1：
Parabolic Flows / 1.8.2：
Elliptic Flows / 1.8.3：
Mixed Flow Types / 1.8.4：
Plan of This Book / 1.9：
Introduction to Numerical Methods / 2.：
Approaches to Fluid Dynamical Problems / 2.1：
What is CFD? / 2.2：
Possibilities and Limitations of Numerical Methods / 2.3：
Components of a Numerical Solution Method / 2.4：
Mathematical Model / 2.4.1：
Discretization Method / 2.4.2：
Coordinate and Basis Vector Systems / 2.4.3：
Numerical Grid / 2.4.4：
Finite Approximations / 2.4.5：
Solution Method / 2.4.6：
Convergence Criteria / 2.4.7：
Properties of Numerical Solution Methods / 2.5：
Consistency / 2.5.1：
Stability / 2.5.2：
Convergence / 2.5.3：
Conservation / 2.5.4：
Boundedness / 2.5.5：
Realizability / 2.5.6：
Accuracy / 2.5.7：
Discretization Approaches / 2.6：
Finite Difference Method / 2.6.1：
Finite Volume Method / 2.6.2：
Finite Element Method / 2.6.3：
Finite Difference Methods / 3.：
Basic Concept / 3.1：
Approximation of the First Derivative / 3.3：
Taylor Series Expansion / 3.3.1：
Polynomial Fitting / 3.3.2：
Compact Schemes / 3.3.3：
Non-Uniform Grids / 3.3.4：
Approximation of the Second Derivative / 3.4：
Approximation of Mixed Derivatives / 3.5：
Approximation of Other Terms / 3.6：
Implementation of Boundary Conditions / 3.7：
The Algebraic Equation System / 3.8：
Discretization Errors / 3.9：
An Introduction to Spectral Methods / 3.10：
Another View of Discretization Error / 3.10.1：
Example / 3.11：
Finite Volume Methods / 4.：
Approximation of Surface Integrals / 4.1：
Approximation of Volume Integrals / 4.3：
Interpolation and Differentiation Practices / 4.4：
Upwind Interpolation (UDS) / 4.4.1：
Linear Interpolation (CDS) / 4.4.2：
Quadratic Upwind Interpolation (QUICK) / 4.4.3：
Higher-Order Schemes / 4.4.4：
Other Schemes / 4.4.5：
Examples / 4.5：
Solution of Linear Equation Systems / 5.：
Direct Methods / 5.1：
Gauss Elimination / 5.2.1：
LU Decomposition / 5.2.2：
Tridiagonal Systems / 5.2.3：
Cyclic Reduction / 5.2.4：
Iterative Methods / 5.3：
Some Basic Methods / 5.3.1：
Incomplete LU Decomposition: Stone's Method / 5.3.4：
ADI and Other Splitting Methods / 5.3.5：
Conjugate Gradient Methods / 5.3.6：
Biconjugate Gradients and CGSTAB / 5.3.7：
Multigrid Methods / 5.3.8：
Other Iterative Solvers / 5.3.9：
Coupled Equations and Their Solution / 5.4：
Simultaneous Solution / 5.4.1：
Sequential Solution / 5.4.2：
Under-Relaxation / 5.4.3：
Non-Linear Equations and their Solution / 5.5：
Newton-like Techniques / 5.5.1：
Other Techniques / 5.5.2：
Deferred-Correction Approaches / 5.6：
Convergence Criteria and Iteration Errors / 5.7：
Methods for Unsteady Problems / 5.8：
Methods for Initial Value Problems in ODEs / 6.1：
Two-Level Methods / 6.2.1：
Predictor-Corrector and Multipoint Methods / 6.2.2：
Runge-Kutta Methods / 6.2.3：
Other Methods / 6.2.4：
Application to the Generic Transport Equation / 6.3：
Explicit Methods / 6.3.1：
Implicit Methods / 6.3.2：
Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations / 6.3.3：
Special Features of the Navier-Stokes Equations / 7.1：
Discretization of Convective and Viscous Terms / 7.1.1：
Discretization of Pressure Terms and Body Forces / 7.1.2：
Conservation Properties / 7.1.3：
Choice of Variable Arrangement on the Grid / 7.2：
Colocated Arrangement / 7.2.1：
Staggered Arrangements / 7.2.2：
Calculation of the Pressure / 7.3：
The Pressure Equation and its Solution / 7.3.1：
A Simple Explicit Time Advance Scheme / 7.3.2：
A Simple Implicit Time Advance Method / 7.3.3：
Implicit Pressure-Correction Methods / 7.3.4：
Fractional Step Methods / 7.4：
Streamfunction-Vorticity Methods / 7.4.2：
Artificial Compressibility Methods / 7.4.3：
Solution Methods for the Navier-Stokes Equations / 7.5：
Implicit Scheme Using Pressure-Correction and a Staggered Grid / 7.5.1：
Treatment of Pressure for Colocated Variables / 7.5.2：
SIMPLE Algorithm for a Colocated Variable Arrangement / 7.5.3：
Note on Pressure and Incompressibility / 7.6：
Boundary Conditions for the Navier-Stokes Equations / 7.7：
Complex Geometries / 7.8：
The Choice of Grid / 8.1：
Stepwise Approximation Using Regular Grids / 8.1.1：
Overlapping Grids / 8.1.2：
Boundary-Fitted Non-Orthogonal Grids / 8.1.3：
Grid Generation / 8.2：
The Choice of Velocity Components / 8.3：
Grid-Oriented Velocity Components / 8.3.1：
Cartesian Velocity Components / 8.3.2：
The Choice of Variable Arrangement / 8.4：
Methods Based on Coordinate Transformation / 8.4.1：
Method Based on Shape Functions / 8.5.2：
Approximation of Convective Fluxes / 8.6：
Approximation of Diffusive Fluxes / 8.6.2：
Approximation of Source Terms / 8.6.3：
Three-Dimensional Grids / 8.6.4：
Block-Structured Grids / 8.6.5：
Unstructured Grids / 8.6.6：
Control-Volume-Based Finite Element Methods / 8.7：
Pressure-Correction Equation / 8.8：
Axi-Symmetric Problems / 8.9：
Inlet / 8.10：
Outlet / 8.10.2：
Impermeable Walls / 8.10.3：
Symmetry Planes / 8.10.4：
Specified Pressure / 8.10.5：
Turbulent Flows / 8.11：
Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) / 9.1：
Example: Spatial Decay of Grid Turbulence / 9.2.1：
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) / 9.3：
Smagorinsky and Related Models / 9.3.1：
Dynamic Models / 9.3.2：
Deconvolution Models / 9.3.3：
Example: Flow Over a Wall-Mounted Cube / 9.3.4：
Example: Stratified Homogeneous Shear Flow / 9.3.5：
RANS Models / 9.4：
Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Equations / 9.4.1：
Simple Turbulence Models and their Application / 9.4.2：
The v2f Model / 9.4.3：
Example: Flow Around an Engine Valve / 9.4.4：
Reynolds Stress Models / 9.5：
Very Large Eddy Simulation / 9.6：
Compressible Flow / 10.：
Pressure-Correction Methods for Arbitrary Mach Number / 10.1：
Pressure-Velocity-Density Coupling / 10.2.1：
Boundary Conditions / 10.2.2：
Methods Designed for Compressible Flow / 10.2.3：
An Overview of Some Specific Methods / 10.3.1：
Efficiency and Accuracy Improvement / 11.：
Error Analysis and Estimation / 11.1：
Description of Errors / 11.1.1：
Estimation of Errors / 11.1.2：
Recommended Practice for CFD Uncertainty Analysis / 11.1.3：
Grid quality and optimization / 11.2：
Multigrid Methods for Flow Calculation / 11.3：
Adaptive Grid Methods and Local Grid Refinement / 11.4：
Parallel Computing in CFD / 11.5：
Iterative Schemes for Linear Equations / 11.5.1：
Domain Decomposition in Space / 11.5.2：
Domain Decomposition in Time / 11.5.3：
Efficiency of Parallel Computing / 11.5.4：
Special Topics / 12.：
Heat and Mass Transfer / 12.1：
Flows With Variable Fluid Properties / 12.3：
Moving Grids / 12.4：
Free-Surface Flows / 12.5：
Interface-Tracking Methods / 12.5.1：
Hybrid Methods / 12.5.2：
Meteorological and Oceanographic Applications / 12.6：
Multiphase flows / 12.7：
Combustion / 12.8：
Appendices / A.：
List of Computer Codes and How to Access Them / A.1：
List of Frequently Used Abbreviations / A.2：
References
Index
Preface
Basic Concepts of Fluid Flow / 1.：
Introduction / 1.1：
9.

図書
図書
9. American Mathematical Society translations (Ser. 2, v. 1 - Ser. 2, v. 18)
出版情報: Providence, R.I. : American Mathematical Society, 1955-  v. ; 26 cm
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10.

図書
図書
10. Crystal structure determination
Werner Massa ; translated into English by Robert O. Gould
出版情報: New York : Springer, 2000  xi, 206 p. ; 24 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Crystal Lattices / 2：
The Lattice / 2.1：
The Unit Cell / 2.1.1：
Atom Parameters / 2.1.2：
The Seven Crystal Systems / 2.1.3：
The Fourteen Bravais Lattices / 2.2：
The Hexagonal, Trigonal and Rhombohedral Systems / 2.2.1：
The Reduced Cell / 2.2.2：
The Geometry of X-Ray Diffraction / 3：
X-Rays / 3.1：
Interference by a One-Dimensional Lattice / 3.2：
The Laue Equations / 3.3：
Lattice Planes and hkl-Indices / 3.4：
The Bragg Equation / 3.5：
Higher Orders of Diffraction / 3.6：
The Quadratic Form of the Bragg Equation / 3.7：
The Reciprocal Lattice / 4：
From the Direct to the Reciprocal Lattice / 4.1：
The Ewald Construction / 4.2：
Structure Factors / 5：
Atom Formfactors / 5.1：
Atom Displacement Factors / 5.2：
Crystal Symmetry / 5.3：
Simple Symmetry Elements / 6.1：
Coupling of Symmetry Elements / 6.1.1：
Combination of Symmetry Elements / 6.1.2：
Symmetry Directions / 6.2：
Symmetry Elements Involving Translation / 6.3：
Combination of Translation with Other Symmetry Elements / 6.3.1：
Coupling of Translation with Other Symmetry Elements / 6.3.2：
The 230 Space Groups / 6.4：
Space-group Notation in International Tables for Crystallography / 6.4.1：
Centrosymmetric Crystal Structures / 6.4.2：
The Asymmetric Unit / 6.4.3：
Space Group Types / 6.4.4：
Group-Subgroup Relationships / 6.4.5：
Visible Effects of Symmetry / 6.5：
Microscopic Structure / 6.5.1：
Macroscopic Properties and Crystal Classes / 6.5.2：
Symmetry of the Lattice / 6.5.3：
Symmetry of the Diffraction Pattern--The Laue Groups / 6.5.4：
Determination of the Space Group / 6.6：
Determination of the Laue Group / 6.6.1：
Systematic Absences / 6.6.2：
Transformations / 6.7：
Experimental Methods / 7：
Growth, Choice and Mounting of a Single Crystal / 7.1：
Measuring the Diffraction Pattern of Single Crystals / 7.2：
Film Methods / 7.2.1：
The Four-circle (serial) Diffractometer / 7.2.2：
Reflection profile and scan type / 7.2.3：
Area Detector Systems / 7.3：
Data Reduction / 7.4：
Lp correction / 7.4.1：
Standard Uncertainty / 7.4.2：
Absorption Correction / 7.4.3：
Other Diffraction Methods / 7.5：
Neutron Scattering / 7.5.1：
Electron Scattering / 7.5.2：
Structure Solution / 8：
Fourier Transforms / 8.1：
Patterson Methods / 8.2：
Symmetry in Patterson Space / 8.2.1：
Structure Solution Using Harker Peaks / 8.2.2：
Patterson shift methods / 8.2.3：
Direct Methods / 8.3：
Harker-Kasper Inequalities / 8.3.1：
Normalized Structure Factors / 8.3.2：
The Sayre Equation / 8.3.3：
The Triplet Relationship / 8.3.4：
Origin Fixation / 8.3.5：
Strategies of Phase Determination / 8.3.6：
Structure Refinement / 9：
The Method of Least Squares / 9.1：
Refinement Based on F[subscript o] or F[superscript 2 subscript o] Data / 9.1.1：
Weights / 9.2：
Crystallographic R-Values / 9.3：
Refinement Techniques / 9.4：
Location and Treatment of Hydrogen Atoms / 9.4.1：
Restricted Refinement / 9.4.2：
Damping / 9.4.3：
Symmetry Restrictions / 9.4.4：
Residual Electron Density / 9.4.5：
Rietveld Refinement / 9.5：
Additional Topics / 10：
Disorder / 10.1：
Site Occupancy Disorder / 10.1.1：
Positional and Orientational Disorder / 10.1.2：
One- and Two-Dimensional Disorder / 10.1.3：
Modulated Structures / 10.1.4：
Quasicrystals / 10.1.5：
Anomalous Dispersion and "Absolute Structure" / 10.2：
Chiral and Polar Space Groups / 10.2.1：
Extinction / 10.3：
The Renninger Effect / 10.4：
The [lambda]/2-Effect / 10.5：
Thermal Diffuse Scattering (TDS) / 10.6：
Errors and Pitfalls / 11：
Wrong Atom-Types / 11.1：
Twinning / 11.2：
Classification by the Twin-Element / 11.2.1：
Classification According to Macroscopic Appearance / 11.2.2：
Classification According to Origin / 11.2.3：
Diffraction Patterns of Twinned Crystals and their Interpretation / 11.2.4：
Twinning or Disorder? / 11.2.5：
False Unit Cells / 11.3：
Space Group Errors / 11.4：
Misplaced Origins / 11.5：
Poor Atom Displacement Parameters / 11.6：
Interpretation and Presentation of Results / 12：
Bond Lengths and Bond Angles / 12.1：
Best Planes and Torsion Angles / 12.2：
Structural Geometry and Symmetry / 12.3：
Structural Diagrams / 12.4：
Electron Density / 12.5：
Crystallographic Databases / 13：
The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) / 13.1：
The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) / 13.2：
The Metals Crystallographic Data File (CRYST-MET) / 13.3：
Other Collections of Crystal Structure Data / 13.4：
Deposition of Structural Data in Data Bases / 13.5：
Crystallography on the Internet / 13.6：
Outline of a Crystal Structure Determination / 14：
Worked Example of a Structure Determination / 15：
Bibliography
Index
Introduction / 1：
Crystal Lattices / 2：
The Lattice / 2.1：
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