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1.

電子ブック

EB
John Cooke
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer London, 2005
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Abridged Preface to First Edition
Preface to Second Edition
Introduction / 0:
What Is this Book About? / 0.1:
Some Terminology / 0.2:
How Might Programs Fail? / 0.3:
A Way Forward / 0.4:
On Mathematics / 0.5:
Linking Paradigms / 0.6:
Problem Solving / 0.7:
The Book Plan / 0.8:
Preliminaries / Part A:
The Technical Background / 1:
Functions, Relations and Specifications / 1.0:
Summary of Features / 1.1.1:
Guidelines for Specifications / 1.1.2:
Equational Reasoning and Types / 1.2:
The Origin and Application of Rules / 1.3:
Data Types / 1.4:
A Glimpse at the Integers / 1.4.1:
Logical Types / 1.4.2:
The Boolean Type, IB / 1.4.2.1:
Implication and Deduction / 1.4.2.2:
Boolean Quantifiers / 1.4.2.3:
Extended (3-valued) Logic / 1.4.2.4:
Sets / 1.4.3:
Integers / 1.4.4:
Inequalities / 1.4.4.1:
Bags / 1.4.5:
Lists / 1.4.6:
Records and n-tuples / 1.4.7:
Union Types / 1.4.8:
Sub-types and Sub-ranges / 1.4.9:
Type Transfer Functions and Casts / 1.4.10:
Data Types and Transformations / 1.4.11:
On Quantification / 1.4.12:
Applying Unfold/Fold Transformations / 1.5:
On Programming / 2:
Overview / 2.0:
Procedural Programming / 2.1:
'Good' Programming / 2.2:
Structuring and (control) Flowcharts / 2.3:
PDL Overview / 2.4:
"Let" and "Where" / 2.4.1:
Scope and Parameters / 2.4.2:
Comments and Assertions / 2.5:
Verification of Procedural Programs / 2.6:
Sequencing / 2.6.1:
Alternation / 2.6.2:
Iteration / 2.6.3:
Program Derivation / 2.7:
Fundamentals / Part B:
Algorithm Extraction / 3:
On Converging Recursion / 3.0:
Design Tactics / 3.2:
Checking Perceived Answers / 3.2.1:
Problem Reduction / 3.2.2:
Problem Decomposition / 3.2.3:
Structural Splitting / 3.2.3.1:
Predicated Splitting / 3.2.3.2:
Mixed Strategies / 3.2.3.3:
Domain Partitioning / 3.2.3.4:
The Use of Analogy / 3.2.4:
'Eureka' Processes / 3.3:
Summary
Recursion Removal / 4:
Tail Recursion / 4.1:
Associative Recursion / 4.2:
Up and Down Iteration / 4.3:
Speeding up Iteratons / 4.4:
Recursive Procedures / 4.5:
Quantifications / 5:
Defining Composite Values / 5.0:
Derived Composite Values / 5.2:
1-place Functions / 5.2.1:
2-place Functions / 5.2.2:
Application to Program Development / 5.3:
An Extended Example: The Factorial Function / 5.3.1:
Some Rules for Quantifications / 5.4:
General Rules / 5.4.1:
Special Rules for Logical Quantifiers / 5.4.2:
Refinement and Re-use / 6:
Operational Refinement / 6.1:
On Correctness / 6.1.1:
Some Properties of Design Refinement / 6.1.2:
An Alternative View / 6.1.3:
Re-using Designs / 6.2:
Developments / Part C:
Sorting / 7:
Specification and Initial Discussion / 7.1:
Initial Designs / 7.2:
Predicated Splitting (Partitioning) / 7.2.1:
Complete Designs / 7.3:
Exchange Sorts / 7.3.1:
Merge Sorts / 7.3.2:
The Basic Merge Sort / 7.3.2.1:
Partition Sorts / 7.3.3:
Simple Partition Sort / 7.3.3.1:
A Quick Design / 7.4:
Data Refinement / 8:
On 'Internal' Data Types / 8.1:
Changing Data Types / 8.2:
Where to next? / 8.3:
Sorting Revisited / 9:
Variants of the Merge Sort / 9.1:
Failures and Fixes / 9.3:
Inadequate Pre-Conditions / 10.1:
Failures in Structural Splitting / 10.2:
Loss of Vital Information / 10.2.1:
Further Examples / 11:
The 2-D Convex Hull / 11.1:
Topological Sort / 11.2:
Experimentation / 11.2.1:
A Proper Formulation / 11.2.2:
Some 'Extremal' Problems / 11.3:
On Interactive Software / 12:
Specifications Involving Change / 12.1:
Specifications of Input/Output / 12.1.1:
Conventional Communications / 12.1.2:
The Enabling of Computations / 12.1.3:
Pertaining to (Software) Systems / 12.2:
System Requirements / 12.2.1:
Specifying Systems / 12.2.2:
Transformation Digest / Appendix:
Re-write Rule Conventions / A.0:
Data Manipulation Rules / A.1:
The Type IB / A.1.1:
Extended Logic and Conditional Expressions / A.1.2:
Common Conversion Functions / A.1.3:
Quantifier Rules / A.1.8:
Quantifier Properties / A.2:
'Not Occurs in' / A.3:
On PDL Structure / A.4:
PDL Transformation Rules / A.4.1:
Bibliography
Index
Abridged Preface to First Edition
Preface to Second Edition
Introduction / 0:
2.

電子ブック

EB
John Cooke
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer London, 2005
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Abridged Preface to First Edition
Preface to Second Edition
Introduction / 0:
What Is this Book About? / 0.1:
Some Terminology / 0.2:
How Might Programs Fail? / 0.3:
A Way Forward / 0.4:
On Mathematics / 0.5:
Linking Paradigms / 0.6:
Problem Solving / 0.7:
The Book Plan / 0.8:
Preliminaries / Part A:
The Technical Background / 1:
Functions, Relations and Specifications / 1.0:
Summary of Features / 1.1.1:
Guidelines for Specifications / 1.1.2:
Equational Reasoning and Types / 1.2:
The Origin and Application of Rules / 1.3:
Data Types / 1.4:
A Glimpse at the Integers / 1.4.1:
Logical Types / 1.4.2:
The Boolean Type, IB / 1.4.2.1:
Implication and Deduction / 1.4.2.2:
Boolean Quantifiers / 1.4.2.3:
Extended (3-valued) Logic / 1.4.2.4:
Sets / 1.4.3:
Integers / 1.4.4:
Inequalities / 1.4.4.1:
Bags / 1.4.5:
Lists / 1.4.6:
Records and n-tuples / 1.4.7:
Union Types / 1.4.8:
Sub-types and Sub-ranges / 1.4.9:
Type Transfer Functions and Casts / 1.4.10:
Data Types and Transformations / 1.4.11:
On Quantification / 1.4.12:
Applying Unfold/Fold Transformations / 1.5:
On Programming / 2:
Overview / 2.0:
Procedural Programming / 2.1:
'Good' Programming / 2.2:
Structuring and (control) Flowcharts / 2.3:
PDL Overview / 2.4:
"Let" and "Where" / 2.4.1:
Scope and Parameters / 2.4.2:
Comments and Assertions / 2.5:
Verification of Procedural Programs / 2.6:
Sequencing / 2.6.1:
Alternation / 2.6.2:
Iteration / 2.6.3:
Program Derivation / 2.7:
Fundamentals / Part B:
Algorithm Extraction / 3:
On Converging Recursion / 3.0:
Design Tactics / 3.2:
Checking Perceived Answers / 3.2.1:
Problem Reduction / 3.2.2:
Problem Decomposition / 3.2.3:
Structural Splitting / 3.2.3.1:
Predicated Splitting / 3.2.3.2:
Mixed Strategies / 3.2.3.3:
Domain Partitioning / 3.2.3.4:
The Use of Analogy / 3.2.4:
'Eureka' Processes / 3.3:
Summary
Recursion Removal / 4:
Tail Recursion / 4.1:
Associative Recursion / 4.2:
Up and Down Iteration / 4.3:
Speeding up Iteratons / 4.4:
Recursive Procedures / 4.5:
Quantifications / 5:
Defining Composite Values / 5.0:
Derived Composite Values / 5.2:
1-place Functions / 5.2.1:
2-place Functions / 5.2.2:
Application to Program Development / 5.3:
An Extended Example: The Factorial Function / 5.3.1:
Some Rules for Quantifications / 5.4:
General Rules / 5.4.1:
Special Rules for Logical Quantifiers / 5.4.2:
Refinement and Re-use / 6:
Operational Refinement / 6.1:
On Correctness / 6.1.1:
Some Properties of Design Refinement / 6.1.2:
An Alternative View / 6.1.3:
Re-using Designs / 6.2:
Developments / Part C:
Sorting / 7:
Specification and Initial Discussion / 7.1:
Initial Designs / 7.2:
Predicated Splitting (Partitioning) / 7.2.1:
Complete Designs / 7.3:
Exchange Sorts / 7.3.1:
Merge Sorts / 7.3.2:
The Basic Merge Sort / 7.3.2.1:
Partition Sorts / 7.3.3:
Simple Partition Sort / 7.3.3.1:
A Quick Design / 7.4:
Data Refinement / 8:
On 'Internal' Data Types / 8.1:
Changing Data Types / 8.2:
Where to next? / 8.3:
Sorting Revisited / 9:
Variants of the Merge Sort / 9.1:
Failures and Fixes / 9.3:
Inadequate Pre-Conditions / 10.1:
Failures in Structural Splitting / 10.2:
Loss of Vital Information / 10.2.1:
Further Examples / 11:
The 2-D Convex Hull / 11.1:
Topological Sort / 11.2:
Experimentation / 11.2.1:
A Proper Formulation / 11.2.2:
Some 'Extremal' Problems / 11.3:
On Interactive Software / 12:
Specifications Involving Change / 12.1:
Specifications of Input/Output / 12.1.1:
Conventional Communications / 12.1.2:
The Enabling of Computations / 12.1.3:
Pertaining to (Software) Systems / 12.2:
System Requirements / 12.2.1:
Specifying Systems / 12.2.2:
Transformation Digest / Appendix:
Re-write Rule Conventions / A.0:
Data Manipulation Rules / A.1:
The Type IB / A.1.1:
Extended Logic and Conditional Expressions / A.1.2:
Common Conversion Functions / A.1.3:
Quantifier Rules / A.1.8:
Quantifier Properties / A.2:
'Not Occurs in' / A.3:
On PDL Structure / A.4:
PDL Transformation Rules / A.4.1:
Bibliography
Index
Abridged Preface to First Edition
Preface to Second Edition
Introduction / 0:
3.

電子ブック

EB
Kenneth V. Price, Th B?ck, Jouni A. Lampinen, Rainer M. Storn
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Table of Contents
The Motivation for Differential Evolution / 1:
Introduction to Parameter Optimization / 1.1:
Overview / 1.1.1:
Single-Point, Derivative-Based Optimization / 1.1.2:
One-Point, Derivative-Free Optimization and the Step Size Problem / 1.1.3:
Local Versus Global Optimization / 1.2:
Simulated Annealing / 1.2.1:
Multi-Point, Derivative-Based Methods / 1.2.2:
Multi-Point, Derivative-Free Methods / 1.2.3:
Differential Evolution - A First Impression / 1.2.4:
References
The Differential Evolution Algorithm / 2:
Population Structure / 2.1:
Initialization / 2.1.2:
Mutation / 2.1.3:
Crossover / 2.1.4:
Selection / 2.1.5:
DE at a Glance / 2.1.6:
Visualizing DE / 2.1.7:
Notation / 2.1.8:
Parameter Representation / 2.2:
Bit Strings / 2.2.1:
Floating-Point / 2.2.2:
Floating-Point Constraints / 2.2.3:
Initial Bounds / 2.3:
Initial Distributions / 2.3.2:
Base Vector Selection / 2.4:
Choosing the Base Vector Index, r0 / 2.4.1:
One-to-One Base Vector Selection / 2.4.2:
A Comparison of Random Base Index Selection Methods / 2.4.3:
Degenerate Vector Combinations / 2.4.4:
Implementing Mutually Exclusive Indices / 2.4.5:
Gauging the Effects of Degenerate Combinations: The Sphere / 2.4.6:
Biased Base Vector Selection Schemes / 2.4.7:
Differential Mutation / 2.5:
The Mutation Scale Factor: F / 2.5.1:
Randomizing the Scale Factor / 2.5.2:
Recombination / 2.6:
The Role of Cr in Optimization / 2.6.1:
Arithmetic Recombination / 2.6.3:
Phase Portraits / 2.6.4:
The Either/Or Algorithm / 2.6.5:
Survival Criteria / 2.7:
Tournament Selection / 2.7.2:
One-to-One Survivor Selection / 2.7.3:
Local Versus Global Selection / 2.7.4:
Permutation Selection Invariance / 2.7.5:
Crossover-Dependent Selection Pressure / 2.7.6:
Parallel Performance / 2.7.7:
Extensions / 2.7.8:
Termination Criteria / 2.8:
Objective Met / 2.8.1:
Limit the Number of Generations / 2.8.2:
Population Statistics / 2.8.3:
Limited Time / 2.8.4:
Human Monitoring / 2.8.5:
Application Specific / 2.8.6:
Benchmarking Differential Evolution / 3:
About Testing / 3.1:
Performance Measures / 3.2:
DE Versus DE / 3.3:
The Algorithms / 3.3.1:
The Test Bed / 3.3.2:
Summary / 3.3.3:
DE Versus Other Optimizers / 3.4:
Comparative Performance: Thirty-Dimensional Functions / 3.4.1:
Comparative Studies: Unconstrained Optimization / 3.4.2:
Performance Comparisons from Other Problem Domains / 3.4.3:
Application-Based Performance Comparisons / 3.4.4:
Problem Domains / 3.5:
Function and Parameter Quantization / 4.1:
Uniform Quantization / 4.2.1:
Non-Uniform Quantization / 4.2.2:
Objective Function Quantization / 4.2.3:
Parameter Quantization / 4.2.4:
Mixed Variables / 4.2.5:
Optimization with Constraints / 4.3:
Boundary Constraints / 4.3.1:
Inequality Constraints / 4.3.2:
Equality Constraints / 4.3.3:
Combinatorial Problems / 4.4:
The Traveling Salesman Problem / 4.4.1:
The Permutation Matrix Approach / 4.4.2:
Relative Position Indexing / 4.4.3:
Onwubolu's Approach / 4.4.4:
Adjacency Matrix Approach / 4.4.5:
Design Centering / 4.4.6:
Divergence, Self-Steering and Pooling / 4.5.1:
Computing a Design Center / 4.5.2:
Multi-Objective Optimization / 4.6:
Weighted Sum of Objective Functions / 4.6.1:
Pareto Optimality / 4.6.2:
The Pareto-Front: Two Examples / 4.6.3:
Adapting DE for Multi-Objective Optimization / 4.6.4:
Dynamic Objective Functions / 4.7:
Stationary Optima / 4.7.1:
Non-Stationary Optima / 4.7.2:
Architectural Aspects and Computing Environments / 5:
DE on Parallel Processors / 5.1:
Background / 5.1.1:
Related Work / 5.1.2:
Drawbacks of the Standard Model / 5.1.3:
Modifying the Standard Model / 5.1.4:
The Master Process / 5.1.5:
DE on Limited Resource Devices / 5.2:
Random Numbers / 5.2.1:
Permutation Generators / 5.2.2:
Efficient Sorting / 5.2.3:
Memory-Saving DE Variants / 5.2.4:
Computer Code / 6:
DeMat - Differential Evolution for MATLAB / 6.1:
General Structure of DeMat / 6.1.1:
Naming and Coding Conventions / 6.1.2:
Data Flow Diagram / 6.1.3:
How to Use the Graphics / 6.1.4:
DeWin - DE for MS Windows: An Application in C / 6.2:
General Structure of DeWin / 6.2.1:
How To Use the Graphics / 6.2.2:
Functions of graphics.h / 6.2.5:
Software on the Accompanying CD / 6.3:
Applications / 7:
Genetic Algorithms and Related Techniques for Optimizing Si-H Clusters: A Merit Analysis for Differential Evolution / 7.1:
Introduction / 7.1.1:
The System Model / 7.1.2:
Computational Details / 7.1.3:
Results and Discussion / 7.1.4:
Concluding Remarks / 7.1.5:
Non-Imaging Optical Design Using Differential Evolution / 7.2:
Objective Function / 7.2.1:
A Reverse Engineering Approach to Testing / 7.2.3:
A More Difficult Problem: An Extended Source / 7.2.4:
Conclusion / 7.2.5:
Optimization of an Industrial Compressor Supply System / 7.3:
Background Information on the Test Problem / 7.3.1:
System Optimization / 7.3.3:
Demand Profiles / 7.3.4:
Modified Differential Evolution; Extending the Generality of DE / 7.3.5:
Component Selection from the Database / 7.3.6:
Crossover Approaches / 7.3.7:
Testing Procedures / 7.3.8:
Obtaining 100% Certainty of the Results / 7.3.9:
Results / 7.3.10:
Minimal Representation Multi-Sensor Fusion Using Differential Evolution / 7.3.11:
Minimal Representation Multi-Sensor Fusion / 7.4.1:
Differential Evolution for Multi-Sensor Fusion / 7.4.3:
Experimental Results / 7.4.4:
Comparison with a Binary Genetic Algorithm / 7.4.5:
Determination of the Earthquake Hypocenter: A Challenge for the Differential Evolution Algorithm / 7.4.6:
Brief Outline of Direct Problem Solution / 7.5.1:
Synthetic Location Test / 7.5.3:
Convergence Properties / 7.5.4:
Conclusions / 7.5.5:
Parallel Differential Evolution: Application to 3-D Medical Image Registration / 7.6:
Medical Image Registration Using Similarity Measures / 7.6.1:
Optimization by Differential Evolution / 7.6.3:
Parallelization of Differential Evolution / 7.6.4:
Acknowledgments / 7.6.5:
Design of Efficient Erasure Codes with Differential Evolution / 7.7:
Codes from Bipartite Graphs / 7.7.1:
Code Design / 7.7.3:
Differential Evolution / 7.7.4:
FIWIZ - A Versatile Program for the Design of Digital Filters Using Differential Evolution / 7.7.5:
Unconventional Design Tasks / 7.8.1:
Approach / 7.8.3:
Examples / 7.8.4:
Optimization of Radial Active Magnetic Bearings by Using Differential Evolution and the Finite Element Method / 7.8.5:
Radial Active Magnetic Bearings / 7.9.1:
Magnetic Field Distribution and Force Computed by the Two-Dimensional FEM / 7.9.3:
RAMB Design Optimized by DE and the FEM / 7.9.4:
Application of Differential Evolution to the Analysis of X-Ray Reflectivity Data / 7.9.5:
The Data-Fitting Procedure / 7.10.1:
The Model and Simulation / 7.10.3:
Inverse Fractal Problem / 7.10.4:
General Introduction / 7.11.1:
Active Compensation in RF-Driven Plasmas by Means of Differential Evolution / 7.11.2:
RF-Driven Plasmas / 7.12.1:
Langmuir Probes / 7.12.3:
Active Compensation in RF-Driven Plasmas / 7.12.4:
Automated Control System Structure and Fitness Function / 7.12.5:
Experimental Setup / 7.12.6:
Parameters and Experimental Design / 7.12.7:
Appendix / 7.12.8:
Unconstrained Uni-Modal Test Functions / A.1:
Sphere / A.1.1:
Hyper-Ellipsoid / A.1.2:
Generalized Rosenbrock / A.1.3:
Schwefel's Ridge / A.1.4:
Neumaier #3 / A.1.5:
Unconstrained Multi-Modal Test Functions / A.2:
Ackley / A.2.1:
Griewangk / A.2.2:
Rastrigin / A.2.3:
Salomon / A.2.4:
Whitley / A.2.5:
Storn's Chebyshev / A.2.6:
Lennard-Jones / A.2.7:
Hilbert / A.2.8:
Modified Langerman / A.2.9:
Shekel's Foxholes / A.2.10:
Odd Square / A.2.11:
Katsuura / A.2.12:
Bound-Constrained Test Functions / A.3:
Schwefel / A.3.1:
Epistatic Michalewicz / A.3.2:
Rana / A.3.3:
Index
Preface
Table of Contents
The Motivation for Differential Evolution / 1:
4.

図書

図書
Kenneth V. Price, Rainer M. Storn, Jouni A. Lampinen
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2005  xix, 538 p. ; 24 cm.
シリーズ名: Natural computing series
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Table of Contents
The Motivation for Differential Evolution / 1:
Introduction to Parameter Optimization / 1.1:
Overview / 1.1.1:
Single-Point, Derivative-Based Optimization / 1.1.2:
One-Point, Derivative-Free Optimization and the Step Size Problem / 1.1.3:
Local Versus Global Optimization / 1.2:
Simulated Annealing / 1.2.1:
Multi-Point, Derivative-Based Methods / 1.2.2:
Multi-Point, Derivative-Free Methods / 1.2.3:
Differential Evolution - A First Impression / 1.2.4:
References
The Differential Evolution Algorithm / 2:
Population Structure / 2.1:
Initialization / 2.1.2:
Mutation / 2.1.3:
Crossover / 2.1.4:
Selection / 2.1.5:
DE at a Glance / 2.1.6:
Visualizing DE / 2.1.7:
Notation / 2.1.8:
Parameter Representation / 2.2:
Bit Strings / 2.2.1:
Floating-Point / 2.2.2:
Floating-Point Constraints / 2.2.3:
Initial Bounds / 2.3:
Initial Distributions / 2.3.2:
Base Vector Selection / 2.4:
Choosing the Base Vector Index, r0 / 2.4.1:
One-to-One Base Vector Selection / 2.4.2:
A Comparison of Random Base Index Selection Methods / 2.4.3:
Degenerate Vector Combinations / 2.4.4:
Implementing Mutually Exclusive Indices / 2.4.5:
Gauging the Effects of Degenerate Combinations: The Sphere / 2.4.6:
Biased Base Vector Selection Schemes / 2.4.7:
Differential Mutation / 2.5:
The Mutation Scale Factor: F / 2.5.1:
Randomizing the Scale Factor / 2.5.2:
Recombination / 2.6:
The Role of Cr in Optimization / 2.6.1:
Arithmetic Recombination / 2.6.3:
Phase Portraits / 2.6.4:
The Either/Or Algorithm / 2.6.5:
Survival Criteria / 2.7:
Tournament Selection / 2.7.2:
One-to-One Survivor Selection / 2.7.3:
Local Versus Global Selection / 2.7.4:
Permutation Selection Invariance / 2.7.5:
Crossover-Dependent Selection Pressure / 2.7.6:
Parallel Performance / 2.7.7:
Extensions / 2.7.8:
Termination Criteria / 2.8:
Objective Met / 2.8.1:
Limit the Number of Generations / 2.8.2:
Population Statistics / 2.8.3:
Limited Time / 2.8.4:
Human Monitoring / 2.8.5:
Application Specific / 2.8.6:
Benchmarking Differential Evolution / 3:
About Testing / 3.1:
Performance Measures / 3.2:
DE Versus DE / 3.3:
The Algorithms / 3.3.1:
The Test Bed / 3.3.2:
Summary / 3.3.3:
DE Versus Other Optimizers / 3.4:
Comparative Performance: Thirty-Dimensional Functions / 3.4.1:
Comparative Studies: Unconstrained Optimization / 3.4.2:
Performance Comparisons from Other Problem Domains / 3.4.3:
Application-Based Performance Comparisons / 3.4.4:
Problem Domains / 3.5:
Function and Parameter Quantization / 4.1:
Uniform Quantization / 4.2.1:
Non-Uniform Quantization / 4.2.2:
Objective Function Quantization / 4.2.3:
Parameter Quantization / 4.2.4:
Mixed Variables / 4.2.5:
Optimization with Constraints / 4.3:
Boundary Constraints / 4.3.1:
Inequality Constraints / 4.3.2:
Equality Constraints / 4.3.3:
Combinatorial Problems / 4.4:
The Traveling Salesman Problem / 4.4.1:
The Permutation Matrix Approach / 4.4.2:
Relative Position Indexing / 4.4.3:
Onwubolu's Approach / 4.4.4:
Adjacency Matrix Approach / 4.4.5:
Design Centering / 4.4.6:
Divergence, Self-Steering and Pooling / 4.5.1:
Computing a Design Center / 4.5.2:
Multi-Objective Optimization / 4.6:
Weighted Sum of Objective Functions / 4.6.1:
Pareto Optimality / 4.6.2:
The Pareto-Front: Two Examples / 4.6.3:
Adapting DE for Multi-Objective Optimization / 4.6.4:
Dynamic Objective Functions / 4.7:
Stationary Optima / 4.7.1:
Non-Stationary Optima / 4.7.2:
Architectural Aspects and Computing Environments / 5:
DE on Parallel Processors / 5.1:
Background / 5.1.1:
Related Work / 5.1.2:
Drawbacks of the Standard Model / 5.1.3:
Modifying the Standard Model / 5.1.4:
The Master Process / 5.1.5:
DE on Limited Resource Devices / 5.2:
Random Numbers / 5.2.1:
Permutation Generators / 5.2.2:
Efficient Sorting / 5.2.3:
Memory-Saving DE Variants / 5.2.4:
Computer Code / 6:
DeMat - Differential Evolution for MATLAB / 6.1:
General Structure of DeMat / 6.1.1:
Naming and Coding Conventions / 6.1.2:
Data Flow Diagram / 6.1.3:
How to Use the Graphics / 6.1.4:
DeWin - DE for MS Windows: An Application in C / 6.2:
General Structure of DeWin / 6.2.1:
How To Use the Graphics / 6.2.2:
Functions of graphics.h / 6.2.5:
Software on the Accompanying CD / 6.3:
Applications / 7:
Genetic Algorithms and Related Techniques for Optimizing Si-H Clusters: A Merit Analysis for Differential Evolution / 7.1:
Introduction / 7.1.1:
The System Model / 7.1.2:
Computational Details / 7.1.3:
Results and Discussion / 7.1.4:
Concluding Remarks / 7.1.5:
Non-Imaging Optical Design Using Differential Evolution / 7.2:
Objective Function / 7.2.1:
A Reverse Engineering Approach to Testing / 7.2.3:
A More Difficult Problem: An Extended Source / 7.2.4:
Conclusion / 7.2.5:
Optimization of an Industrial Compressor Supply System / 7.3:
Background Information on the Test Problem / 7.3.1:
System Optimization / 7.3.3:
Demand Profiles / 7.3.4:
Modified Differential Evolution; Extending the Generality of DE / 7.3.5:
Component Selection from the Database / 7.3.6:
Crossover Approaches / 7.3.7:
Testing Procedures / 7.3.8:
Obtaining 100% Certainty of the Results / 7.3.9:
Results / 7.3.10:
Minimal Representation Multi-Sensor Fusion Using Differential Evolution / 7.3.11:
Minimal Representation Multi-Sensor Fusion / 7.4.1:
Differential Evolution for Multi-Sensor Fusion / 7.4.3:
Experimental Results / 7.4.4:
Comparison with a Binary Genetic Algorithm / 7.4.5:
Determination of the Earthquake Hypocenter: A Challenge for the Differential Evolution Algorithm / 7.4.6:
Brief Outline of Direct Problem Solution / 7.5.1:
Synthetic Location Test / 7.5.3:
Convergence Properties / 7.5.4:
Conclusions / 7.5.5:
Parallel Differential Evolution: Application to 3-D Medical Image Registration / 7.6:
Medical Image Registration Using Similarity Measures / 7.6.1:
Optimization by Differential Evolution / 7.6.3:
Parallelization of Differential Evolution / 7.6.4:
Acknowledgments / 7.6.5:
Design of Efficient Erasure Codes with Differential Evolution / 7.7:
Codes from Bipartite Graphs / 7.7.1:
Code Design / 7.7.3:
Differential Evolution / 7.7.4:
FIWIZ - A Versatile Program for the Design of Digital Filters Using Differential Evolution / 7.7.5:
Unconventional Design Tasks / 7.8.1:
Approach / 7.8.3:
Examples / 7.8.4:
Optimization of Radial Active Magnetic Bearings by Using Differential Evolution and the Finite Element Method / 7.8.5:
Radial Active Magnetic Bearings / 7.9.1:
Magnetic Field Distribution and Force Computed by the Two-Dimensional FEM / 7.9.3:
RAMB Design Optimized by DE and the FEM / 7.9.4:
Application of Differential Evolution to the Analysis of X-Ray Reflectivity Data / 7.9.5:
The Data-Fitting Procedure / 7.10.1:
The Model and Simulation / 7.10.3:
Inverse Fractal Problem / 7.10.4:
General Introduction / 7.11.1:
Active Compensation in RF-Driven Plasmas by Means of Differential Evolution / 7.11.2:
RF-Driven Plasmas / 7.12.1:
Langmuir Probes / 7.12.3:
Active Compensation in RF-Driven Plasmas / 7.12.4:
Automated Control System Structure and Fitness Function / 7.12.5:
Experimental Setup / 7.12.6:
Parameters and Experimental Design / 7.12.7:
Appendix / 7.12.8:
Unconstrained Uni-Modal Test Functions / A.1:
Sphere / A.1.1:
Hyper-Ellipsoid / A.1.2:
Generalized Rosenbrock / A.1.3:
Schwefel's Ridge / A.1.4:
Neumaier #3 / A.1.5:
Unconstrained Multi-Modal Test Functions / A.2:
Ackley / A.2.1:
Griewangk / A.2.2:
Rastrigin / A.2.3:
Salomon / A.2.4:
Whitley / A.2.5:
Storn's Chebyshev / A.2.6:
Lennard-Jones / A.2.7:
Hilbert / A.2.8:
Modified Langerman / A.2.9:
Shekel's Foxholes / A.2.10:
Odd Square / A.2.11:
Katsuura / A.2.12:
Bound-Constrained Test Functions / A.3:
Schwefel / A.3.1:
Epistatic Michalewicz / A.3.2:
Rana / A.3.3:
Index
Preface
Table of Contents
The Motivation for Differential Evolution / 1:
5.

電子ブック

EB
Kenneth V. Price, Th Bäck, Jouni A. Lampinen, Rainer M. Storn
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005
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Preface
Table of Contents
The Motivation for Differential Evolution / 1:
Introduction to Parameter Optimization / 1.1:
Overview / 1.1.1:
Single-Point, Derivative-Based Optimization / 1.1.2:
One-Point, Derivative-Free Optimization and the Step Size Problem / 1.1.3:
Local Versus Global Optimization / 1.2:
Simulated Annealing / 1.2.1:
Multi-Point, Derivative-Based Methods / 1.2.2:
Multi-Point, Derivative-Free Methods / 1.2.3:
Differential Evolution - A First Impression / 1.2.4:
References
The Differential Evolution Algorithm / 2:
Population Structure / 2.1:
Initialization / 2.1.2:
Mutation / 2.1.3:
Crossover / 2.1.4:
Selection / 2.1.5:
DE at a Glance / 2.1.6:
Visualizing DE / 2.1.7:
Notation / 2.1.8:
Parameter Representation / 2.2:
Bit Strings / 2.2.1:
Floating-Point / 2.2.2:
Floating-Point Constraints / 2.2.3:
Initial Bounds / 2.3:
Initial Distributions / 2.3.2:
Base Vector Selection / 2.4:
Choosing the Base Vector Index, r0 / 2.4.1:
One-to-One Base Vector Selection / 2.4.2:
A Comparison of Random Base Index Selection Methods / 2.4.3:
Degenerate Vector Combinations / 2.4.4:
Implementing Mutually Exclusive Indices / 2.4.5:
Gauging the Effects of Degenerate Combinations: The Sphere / 2.4.6:
Biased Base Vector Selection Schemes / 2.4.7:
Differential Mutation / 2.5:
The Mutation Scale Factor: F / 2.5.1:
Randomizing the Scale Factor / 2.5.2:
Recombination / 2.6:
The Role of Cr in Optimization / 2.6.1:
Arithmetic Recombination / 2.6.3:
Phase Portraits / 2.6.4:
The Either/Or Algorithm / 2.6.5:
Survival Criteria / 2.7:
Tournament Selection / 2.7.2:
One-to-One Survivor Selection / 2.7.3:
Local Versus Global Selection / 2.7.4:
Permutation Selection Invariance / 2.7.5:
Crossover-Dependent Selection Pressure / 2.7.6:
Parallel Performance / 2.7.7:
Extensions / 2.7.8:
Termination Criteria / 2.8:
Objective Met / 2.8.1:
Limit the Number of Generations / 2.8.2:
Population Statistics / 2.8.3:
Limited Time / 2.8.4:
Human Monitoring / 2.8.5:
Application Specific / 2.8.6:
Benchmarking Differential Evolution / 3:
About Testing / 3.1:
Performance Measures / 3.2:
DE Versus DE / 3.3:
The Algorithms / 3.3.1:
The Test Bed / 3.3.2:
Summary / 3.3.3:
DE Versus Other Optimizers / 3.4:
Comparative Performance: Thirty-Dimensional Functions / 3.4.1:
Comparative Studies: Unconstrained Optimization / 3.4.2:
Performance Comparisons from Other Problem Domains / 3.4.3:
Application-Based Performance Comparisons / 3.4.4:
Problem Domains / 3.5:
Function and Parameter Quantization / 4.1:
Uniform Quantization / 4.2.1:
Non-Uniform Quantization / 4.2.2:
Objective Function Quantization / 4.2.3:
Parameter Quantization / 4.2.4:
Mixed Variables / 4.2.5:
Optimization with Constraints / 4.3:
Boundary Constraints / 4.3.1:
Inequality Constraints / 4.3.2:
Equality Constraints / 4.3.3:
Combinatorial Problems / 4.4:
The Traveling Salesman Problem / 4.4.1:
The Permutation Matrix Approach / 4.4.2:
Relative Position Indexing / 4.4.3:
Onwubolu's Approach / 4.4.4:
Adjacency Matrix Approach / 4.4.5:
Design Centering / 4.4.6:
Divergence, Self-Steering and Pooling / 4.5.1:
Computing a Design Center / 4.5.2:
Multi-Objective Optimization / 4.6:
Weighted Sum of Objective Functions / 4.6.1:
Pareto Optimality / 4.6.2:
The Pareto-Front: Two Examples / 4.6.3:
Adapting DE for Multi-Objective Optimization / 4.6.4:
Dynamic Objective Functions / 4.7:
Stationary Optima / 4.7.1:
Non-Stationary Optima / 4.7.2:
Architectural Aspects and Computing Environments / 5:
DE on Parallel Processors / 5.1:
Background / 5.1.1:
Related Work / 5.1.2:
Drawbacks of the Standard Model / 5.1.3:
Modifying the Standard Model / 5.1.4:
The Master Process / 5.1.5:
DE on Limited Resource Devices / 5.2:
Random Numbers / 5.2.1:
Permutation Generators / 5.2.2:
Efficient Sorting / 5.2.3:
Memory-Saving DE Variants / 5.2.4:
Computer Code / 6:
DeMat - Differential Evolution for MATLAB / 6.1:
General Structure of DeMat / 6.1.1:
Naming and Coding Conventions / 6.1.2:
Data Flow Diagram / 6.1.3:
How to Use the Graphics / 6.1.4:
DeWin - DE for MS Windows: An Application in C / 6.2:
General Structure of DeWin / 6.2.1:
How To Use the Graphics / 6.2.2:
Functions of graphics.h / 6.2.5:
Software on the Accompanying CD / 6.3:
Applications / 7:
Genetic Algorithms and Related Techniques for Optimizing Si-H Clusters: A Merit Analysis for Differential Evolution / 7.1:
Introduction / 7.1.1:
The System Model / 7.1.2:
Computational Details / 7.1.3:
Results and Discussion / 7.1.4:
Concluding Remarks / 7.1.5:
Non-Imaging Optical Design Using Differential Evolution / 7.2:
Objective Function / 7.2.1:
A Reverse Engineering Approach to Testing / 7.2.3:
A More Difficult Problem: An Extended Source / 7.2.4:
Conclusion / 7.2.5:
Optimization of an Industrial Compressor Supply System / 7.3:
Background Information on the Test Problem / 7.3.1:
System Optimization / 7.3.3:
Demand Profiles / 7.3.4:
Modified Differential Evolution; Extending the Generality of DE / 7.3.5:
Component Selection from the Database / 7.3.6:
Crossover Approaches / 7.3.7:
Testing Procedures / 7.3.8:
Obtaining 100% Certainty of the Results / 7.3.9:
Results / 7.3.10:
Minimal Representation Multi-Sensor Fusion Using Differential Evolution / 7.3.11:
Minimal Representation Multi-Sensor Fusion / 7.4.1:
Differential Evolution for Multi-Sensor Fusion / 7.4.3:
Experimental Results / 7.4.4:
Comparison with a Binary Genetic Algorithm / 7.4.5:
Determination of the Earthquake Hypocenter: A Challenge for the Differential Evolution Algorithm / 7.4.6:
Brief Outline of Direct Problem Solution / 7.5.1:
Synthetic Location Test / 7.5.3:
Convergence Properties / 7.5.4:
Conclusions / 7.5.5:
Parallel Differential Evolution: Application to 3-D Medical Image Registration / 7.6:
Medical Image Registration Using Similarity Measures / 7.6.1:
Optimization by Differential Evolution / 7.6.3:
Parallelization of Differential Evolution / 7.6.4:
Acknowledgments / 7.6.5:
Design of Efficient Erasure Codes with Differential Evolution / 7.7:
Codes from Bipartite Graphs / 7.7.1:
Code Design / 7.7.3:
Differential Evolution / 7.7.4:
FIWIZ - A Versatile Program for the Design of Digital Filters Using Differential Evolution / 7.7.5:
Unconventional Design Tasks / 7.8.1:
Approach / 7.8.3:
Examples / 7.8.4:
Optimization of Radial Active Magnetic Bearings by Using Differential Evolution and the Finite Element Method / 7.8.5:
Radial Active Magnetic Bearings / 7.9.1:
Magnetic Field Distribution and Force Computed by the Two-Dimensional FEM / 7.9.3:
RAMB Design Optimized by DE and the FEM / 7.9.4:
Application of Differential Evolution to the Analysis of X-Ray Reflectivity Data / 7.9.5:
The Data-Fitting Procedure / 7.10.1:
The Model and Simulation / 7.10.3:
Inverse Fractal Problem / 7.10.4:
General Introduction / 7.11.1:
Active Compensation in RF-Driven Plasmas by Means of Differential Evolution / 7.11.2:
RF-Driven Plasmas / 7.12.1:
Langmuir Probes / 7.12.3:
Active Compensation in RF-Driven Plasmas / 7.12.4:
Automated Control System Structure and Fitness Function / 7.12.5:
Experimental Setup / 7.12.6:
Parameters and Experimental Design / 7.12.7:
Appendix / 7.12.8:
Unconstrained Uni-Modal Test Functions / A.1:
Sphere / A.1.1:
Hyper-Ellipsoid / A.1.2:
Generalized Rosenbrock / A.1.3:
Schwefel's Ridge / A.1.4:
Neumaier #3 / A.1.5:
Unconstrained Multi-Modal Test Functions / A.2:
Ackley / A.2.1:
Griewangk / A.2.2:
Rastrigin / A.2.3:
Salomon / A.2.4:
Whitley / A.2.5:
Storn's Chebyshev / A.2.6:
Lennard-Jones / A.2.7:
Hilbert / A.2.8:
Modified Langerman / A.2.9:
Shekel's Foxholes / A.2.10:
Odd Square / A.2.11:
Katsuura / A.2.12:
Bound-Constrained Test Functions / A.3:
Schwefel / A.3.1:
Epistatic Michalewicz / A.3.2:
Rana / A.3.3:
Index
Preface
Table of Contents
The Motivation for Differential Evolution / 1:
6.

図書

図書
V. L. Cherginets
出版情報: Amsterdam ; Tokyo : Elsevier, 2005  xix, 382 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Comprehensive chemical kinetics ; v. 41
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List of symbols
Introduction
Homogeneous acid-base equilibria and acidity scales in ionic melts / 1:
Definitions of acids and bases / Part 1:
Definitions of particles possessing acid or base properties / 1.1.1:
Definitions of solvents system / 1.1.2:
Hard and soft acids and bases (Pearson's concept) / 1.1.3:
Generalized definition of solvent system. Solvents of kinds I and II / 1.1.4:
Studies of homogeneous acid-base reactions in ionic melts / Part 2:
Features of high-temperature ionic solvents as media for Lux acid-base interactions / 1.2.1:
Methods of investigations / 1.2.2:
Ionic solvents based on alkali metal nitrates / 1.2.3:
Molten alkali metal sulfates / 1.2.4:
Silicate melts / 1.2.5:
KCl-NaCl equimolar mixture / 1.2.6:
Oxocompounds of chromium(VI) / 1.2.6.1:
Oxoacids of molybdenum(VI) / 1.2.6.2:
Oxocompounds of tungsten(VI) / 1.2.6.3:
Oxoacidic properties of phosphates / 1.2.6.4:
Oxoacids of vanadium(V) / 1.2.6.5:
Oxoacids of boron(III) / 1.2.6.6:
Acidic properties of Ge(IV) and Nb(V) oxocompounds / 1.2.6.7:
Molten KCl-LiCl (0.41:0.59) EUTECTIC / 1.2.7:
Molten NaI / 1.2.8:
Other alkaline-metal halides / 1.2.9:
Conclusion / 1.2.10:
Acid-base ranges in ionic melts. Estimation of relative acidic properties of ionic melts / Part 3:
The oxobasicity index as a measure of relative oxoacidic properties of high-temperature ionic solvents / 1.3.1:
Oxoacidity scales for melts based on alkali- and alkaline-earth metal halides / 1.3.2:
Oxygen electrodes in ionic melts. Oxide ion donors / 1.3.3:
Oxygen electrode reversibility in ionic melts / Part 4:
Potentiometric method of study of oxygen electrode reversibility / 2.4.1:
Direct calibration / 2.4.1.1:
Indirect calibration of oxygen electrodes / 2.4.1.2:
Experimental results / 2.4.2:
Oxygen-containing melts / 2.4.2.1:
Melts based on alkali metal halides / 2.4.2.2:
Melts based on alkali- and alkaline-earth halides / 2.4.2.3:
KCl-NaCl-NaF eutectic / 2.4.2.4:
Conclusions / 2.4.3:
Investigations of dissociation of Lux bases in ionic melts / Part 5:
Reactions of ionic melts with gases of acidic or base character / 2.5.1:
High-temperature hydrolysis of melts based on alkali metal halides / 2.5.1.1:
Purification of halide ionic melts from oxide-ion admixtures / 2.5.1.2:
Behaviour of Lux bases in ionic melts / 2.5.2:
Sodium peroxide, Na[subscript 2]O[subscript 2] / 2.5.2.1:
Alkali metal carbonates, Me[subscript 2]CO[subscript 3] / 2.5.2.2:
Alkali metal hydroxides, MeOH / 2.5.2.3:
Equilibria in "solid oxide-ionic melt" systems / 3:
Characteristics of oxide solubilities and methods of their determination / Part 6:
Parameters describing solubilities of solid substances in ionic solvents / 3.6.1:
Methods of oxide solubility determination / 3.6.2:
Isothermal saturation method / 3.6.2.1:
Potentiometric titration method / 3.6.2.2:
Sequential addition method / 3.6.2.3:
Regularities of oxide solubilities in melts based on alkali and alkaline-earth metal halides / Part 7:
Molten alkali-metal halides and their mixtures / 3.7.1:
KCl-LiCl (0.41:0.59) eutectic mixture / 3.7.1.1:
KCl-NaCl (0.50:0.50) equimolar mixture / 3.7.1.2:
CsCl-KCl-NaCl (0.455:0.245:0.30) eutectic / 3.7.1.3:
CsBr-KBr (0.66:0.34) melt / 3.7.1.4:
Molten CsI, 700[degree]C / 3.7.1.5:
Molten potassium halides / 3.7.1.6:
Other solvents based on alkali-metal halides / 3.7.1.7:
Oxide solubilities in melts based on alkali- and alkaline-earth metal halides / 3.7.2:
Solubilities of alkali earth metal carbonates in KCl-NaCl eutectic / 3.7.3:
Afterword / 3.7.4:
References
Formula Index
Subject Index
List of symbols
Introduction
Homogeneous acid-base equilibria and acidity scales in ionic melts / 1:
7.

図書

図書
Boris Mirkin
出版情報: Boca Raton, Fla. : Chapman & Hall/CRC, Taylor & Francis, 2005  xxiii, 266 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Series in computer science and data analysis ; v. 3
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Preface
List of Denotations
Introduction: Historical Remarks
What Is Clustering / 1:
Base words
Exemplary problems / 1.1:
Structuring / 1.1.1:
Description / 1.1.2:
Association / 1.1.3:
Generalization / 1.1.4:
Visualization of data structure / 1.1.5:
Bird's-eye view / 1.2:
Definition: data and cluster structure / 1.2.1:
Criteria for revealing a cluster structure / 1.2.2:
Three types of cluster description / 1.2.3:
Stages of a clustering application / 1.2.4:
Clustering and other disciplines / 1.2.5:
Different perspectives of clustering / 1.2.6:
What Is Data / 2:
Feature characteristics / 2.1:
Feature scale types / 2.1.1:
Quantitative case / 2.1.2:
Categorical case / 2.1.3:
Bivariate analysis / 2.2:
Two quantitative variables / 2.2.1:
Nominal and quantitative variables / 2.2.2:
Two nominal variables cross-classified / 2.2.3:
Relation between correlation and contingency / 2.2.4:
Meaning of correlation / 2.2.5:
Feature space and data scatter / 2.3:
Data matrix / 2.3.1:
Feature space: distance and inner product / 2.3.2:
Data scatter / 2.3.3:
Pre-processing and standardizing mixed data / 2.4:
Other table data types / 2.5:
Dissimilarity and similarity data / 2.5.1:
Contingency and flow data / 2.5.2:
K-Means Clustering / 3:
Conventional K-Means / 3.1:
Straight K-Means / 3.1.1:
Square error criterion / 3.1.2:
Incremental versions of K-Means / 3.1.3:
Initialization of K-Means / 3.2:
Traditional approaches to initial setting / 3.2.1:
MaxMin for producing deviate centroids / 3.2.2:
Deviate centroids with Anomalous pattern / 3.2.3:
Intelligent K-Means / 3.3:
Iterated Anomalous pattern for iK-Means / 3.3.1:
Cross validation of iK-Means results / 3.3.2:
Interpretation aids / 3.4:
Conventional interpretation aids / 3.4.1:
Contribution and relative contribution tables / 3.4.2:
Cluster representatives / 3.4.3:
Measures of association from ScaD tables / 3.4.4:
Overall assessment / 3.5:
Ward Hierarchical Clustering / 4:
Agglomeration: Ward algorithm / 4.1:
Divisive clustering with Ward criterion / 4.2:
2-Means splitting / 4.2.1:
Splitting by separating / 4.2.2:
Interpretation aids for upper cluster hierarchies / 4.2.3:
Conceptual clustering / 4.3:
Extensions of Ward clustering / 4.4:
Agglomerative clustering with dissimilarity data / 4.4.1:
Hierarchical clustering for contingency and flow data / 4.4.2:
Data Recovery Models / 4.5:
Statistics modeling as data recovery / 5.1:
Averaging / 5.1.1:
Linear regression / 5.1.2:
Principal component analysis / 5.1.3:
Correspondence factor analysis / 5.1.4:
Data recovery model for K-Means / 5.2:
Equation and data scatter decomposition / 5.2.1:
Contributions of clusters, features, and individual entities / 5.2.2:
Correlation ratio as contribution / 5.2.3:
Partition contingency coefficients / 5.2.4:
Data recovery models for Ward criterion / 5.3:
Data recovery models with cluster hierarchies / 5.3.1:
Covariances, variances and data scatter decomposed / 5.3.2:
Direct proof of the equivalence between 2-Means and Ward criteria / 5.3.3:
Gower's controversy / 5.3.4:
Extensions to other data types / 5.4:
Similarity and attraction measures compatible with K-Means and Ward criteria / 5.4.1:
Application to binary data / 5.4.2:
Agglomeration and aggregation of contingency data / 5.4.3:
Extension to multiple data / 5.4.4:
One-by-one clustering / 5.5:
PCA and data recovery clustering / 5.5.1:
Divisive Ward-like clustering / 5.5.2:
Iterated Anomalous pattern / 5.5.3:
Anomalous pattern versus Splitting / 5.5.4:
One-by-one clusters for similarity data / 5.5.5:
Different Clustering Approaches / 5.6:
Extensions of K-Means clustering / 6.1:
Clustering criteria and implementation / 6.1.1:
Partitioning around medoids PAM / 6.1.2:
Fuzzy clustering / 6.1.3:
Regression-wise clustering / 6.1.4:
Mixture of distributions and EM algorithm / 6.1.5:
Kohonen self-organizing maps SOM / 6.1.6:
Graph-theoretic approaches / 6.2:
Single linkage, minimum spanning tree and connected components / 6.2.1:
Finding a core / 6.2.2:
Conceptual description of clusters / 6.3:
False positives and negatives / 6.3.1:
Conceptually describing a partition / 6.3.2:
Describing a cluster with production rules / 6.3.3:
Comprehensive conjunctive description of a cluster / 6.3.4:
General Issues / 6.4:
Feature selection and extraction / 7.1:
A review / 7.1.1:
Comprehensive description as a feature selector / 7.1.2:
Comprehensive description as a feature extractor / 7.1.3:
Data pre-processing and standardization / 7.2:
Dis/similarity between entities / 7.2.1:
Pre-processing feature based data / 7.2.2:
Data standardization / 7.2.3:
Similarity on subsets and partitions / 7.3:
Dis/similarity between binary entities or subsets / 7.3.1:
Dis/similarity between partitions / 7.3.2:
Dealing with missing data / 7.4:
Imputation as part of pre-processing / 7.4.1:
Conditional mean / 7.4.2:
Maximum likelihood / 7.4.3:
Least-squares approximation / 7.4.4:
Validity and reliability / 7.5:
Index based validation / 7.5.1:
Resampling for validation and selection / 7.5.2:
Model selection with resampling / 7.5.3:
Conclusion: Data Recovery Approach in Clustering / 7.6:
Bibliography
Index
Preface
List of Denotations
Introduction: Historical Remarks
8.

電子ブック

EB
Milan Studen?, Michael Jordan, Frank P. Kelly, Jon Kleinberg, Bernhard Sch?lkopf, Ian Witten
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer London, 2005
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Introduction / 1:
Motivational thoughts / 1.1:
Goals of the monograph / 1.2:
Structure of the book / 1.3:
Basic Concepts / 2:
Conditional independence / 2.1:
Semi-graphoid properties / 2.2:
Formal independence models / 2.2.1:
Semi-graphoids / 2.2.2:
Elementary independence statements / 2.2.3:
Problem of axiomatic characterization / 2.2.4:
Classes of probability measures / 2.3:
Marginally continuous measures / 2.3.1:
Factorizable measures / 2.3.2:
Multiinformation and conditional product / 2.3.3:
Properties of multiinformation function / 2.3.4:
Positive measures / 2.3.5:
Gaussian measures / 2.3.6:
Basic construction / 2.3.7:
Imsets / 2.4:
Graphical Methods / 3:
Undirected graphs / 3.1:
Acyclic directed graphs / 3.2:
Classic chain graphs / 3.3:
Within classic graphical models / 3.4:
Decomposable models / 3.4.1:
Recursive causal graphs / 3.4.2:
Lattice conditional independence models / 3.4.3:
Bubble graphs / 3.4.4:
Advanced graphical models / 3.5:
General directed graphs / 3.5.1:
Reciprocal graphs / 3.5.2:
Joint-response chain graphs / 3.5.3:
Covariance graphs / 3.5.4:
Alternative chain graphs / 3.5.5:
Annotated graphs / 3.5.6:
Hidden variables / 3.5.7:
Ancestral graphs / 3.5.8:
MC graphs / 3.5.9:
Incompleteness of graphical approaches / 3.6:
Structural Imsets: Fundamentals / 4:
Basic class of distributions / 4.1:
Discrete measures / 4.1.1:
Regular Gaussian measures / 4.1.2:
Conditional Gaussian measures / 4.1.3:
Classes of structural imsets / 4.2:
Elementary imsets / 4.2.1:
Semi-elementary and combinatorial imsets / 4.2.2:
Structural imsets / 4.2.3:
Product formula induced by a structural imset / 4.3:
Examples of reference systems of measures / 4.3.1:
Topological assumptions / 4.3.2:
Markov condition / 4.4:
Semi-graphoid induced by a structural imset / 4.4.1:
Markovian measures / 4.4.2:
Equivalence result / 4.5:
Description of Probabilistic Models / 5:
Supermodular set functions / 5.1:
Semi-graphoid produced by a supermodular function / 5.1.1:
Quantitative equivalence of supermodular functions / 5.1.2:
Skeletal supermodular functions / 5.2:
Skeleton / 5.2.1:
Significance of skeletal imsets / 5.2.2:
Description of models by structural imsets / 5.3:
Galois connection / 5.4:
Formal concept analysis / 5.4.1:
Lattice of structural models / 5.4.2:
Equivalence and Implication / 6:
Two concepts of equivalence / 6.1:
Independence and Markov equivalence / 6.1.1:
Independence implication / 6.2:
Direct characterization of independence implication / 6.2.1:
Skeletal characterization of independence implication / 6.2.2:
Testing independence implication / 6.3:
Testing structural imsets / 6.3.1:
Grade / 6.3.2:
Invariants of independence equivalence / 6.4:
Adaptation to a distribution framework / 6.5:
The Problem of Representative Choice / 7:
Baricentral imsets / 7.1:
Standard imsets / 7.2:
Translation of DAG models / 7.2.1:
Translation of decomposable models / 7.2.2:
Imsets of the smallest degree / 7.3:
Decomposition implication / 7.3.1:
Minimal generators / 7.3.2:
Span / 7.4:
Determining and unimarginal classes / 7.4.1:
Imsets with the least lower class / 7.4.2:
Exclusivity of standard imsets / 7.4.3:
Dual description / 7.5:
Coportraits / 7.5.1:
Dual baricentral imsets and global view / 7.5.2:
Learning / 8:
Two approaches to learning / 8.1:
Quality criteria / 8.2:
Criteria for learning DAG models / 8.2.1:
Score equivalent criteria / 8.2.2:
Decomposable criteria / 8.2.3:
Regular criteria / 8.2.4:
Inclusion neighborhood / 8.3:
Standard imsets and learning / 8.4:
Inclusion neighborhood characterization / 8.4.1:
Regular criteria and standard imsets / 8.4.2:
Open Problems / 9:
Theoretical problems / 9.1:
Miscellaneous topics / 9.1.1:
Classification of skeletal imsets / 9.1.2:
Operations with structural models / 9.2:
Reductive operations / 9.2.1:
Expansive operations / 9.2.2:
Cumulative operations / 9.2.3:
Decomposition of structural models / 9.2.4:
Implementation tasks / 9.3:
Interpretation and learning tasks / 9.4:
Meaningful description of structural models / 9.4.1:
Tasks concerning distribution frameworks / 9.4.2:
Learning tasks / 9.4.3:
Appendix / A:
Classes of sets / A.1:
Posets and lattices / A.2:
Graphs / A.3:
Topological concepts / A.4:
Finite-dimensional subspaces and convex cones / A.5:
Linear subspaces / A.5.1:
Convex sets and cones / A.5.2:
Measure-theoretical concepts / A.6:
Measure and integral / A.6.1:
Basic measure-theoretical results / A.6.2:
Information-theoretical concepts / A.6.3:
Conditional probability / A.6.4:
Conditional independence in terms of ?-algebras / A.7:
Concepts from multivariate analysis / A.8:
Matrices / A.8.1:
Statistical characteristics of probability measures / A.8.2:
Multivariate Gaussian distributions / A.8.3:
Elementary statistical concepts / A.9:
Empirical concepts / A.9.1:
Statistical conception / A.9.2:
Likelihood function / A.9.3:
Testing statistical hypotheses / A.9.4:
Distribution framework / A.9.5:
List of Notation
List of Lemmas, Propositions etc
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Motivational thoughts / 1.1:
Goals of the monograph / 1.2:
9.

電子ブック

EB
Milan Studený, Michael Jordan, Frank P. Kelly, Jon Kleinberg, Bernhard Schölkopf, Ian Witten
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer London, 2005
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1:
Motivational thoughts / 1.1:
Goals of the monograph / 1.2:
Structure of the book / 1.3:
Basic Concepts / 2:
Conditional independence / 2.1:
Semi-graphoid properties / 2.2:
Formal independence models / 2.2.1:
Semi-graphoids / 2.2.2:
Elementary independence statements / 2.2.3:
Problem of axiomatic characterization / 2.2.4:
Classes of probability measures / 2.3:
Marginally continuous measures / 2.3.1:
Factorizable measures / 2.3.2:
Multiinformation and conditional product / 2.3.3:
Properties of multiinformation function / 2.3.4:
Positive measures / 2.3.5:
Gaussian measures / 2.3.6:
Basic construction / 2.3.7:
Imsets / 2.4:
Graphical Methods / 3:
Undirected graphs / 3.1:
Acyclic directed graphs / 3.2:
Classic chain graphs / 3.3:
Within classic graphical models / 3.4:
Decomposable models / 3.4.1:
Recursive causal graphs / 3.4.2:
Lattice conditional independence models / 3.4.3:
Bubble graphs / 3.4.4:
Advanced graphical models / 3.5:
General directed graphs / 3.5.1:
Reciprocal graphs / 3.5.2:
Joint-response chain graphs / 3.5.3:
Covariance graphs / 3.5.4:
Alternative chain graphs / 3.5.5:
Annotated graphs / 3.5.6:
Hidden variables / 3.5.7:
Ancestral graphs / 3.5.8:
MC graphs / 3.5.9:
Incompleteness of graphical approaches / 3.6:
Structural Imsets: Fundamentals / 4:
Basic class of distributions / 4.1:
Discrete measures / 4.1.1:
Regular Gaussian measures / 4.1.2:
Conditional Gaussian measures / 4.1.3:
Classes of structural imsets / 4.2:
Elementary imsets / 4.2.1:
Semi-elementary and combinatorial imsets / 4.2.2:
Structural imsets / 4.2.3:
Product formula induced by a structural imset / 4.3:
Examples of reference systems of measures / 4.3.1:
Topological assumptions / 4.3.2:
Markov condition / 4.4:
Semi-graphoid induced by a structural imset / 4.4.1:
Markovian measures / 4.4.2:
Equivalence result / 4.5:
Description of Probabilistic Models / 5:
Supermodular set functions / 5.1:
Semi-graphoid produced by a supermodular function / 5.1.1:
Quantitative equivalence of supermodular functions / 5.1.2:
Skeletal supermodular functions / 5.2:
Skeleton / 5.2.1:
Significance of skeletal imsets / 5.2.2:
Description of models by structural imsets / 5.3:
Galois connection / 5.4:
Formal concept analysis / 5.4.1:
Lattice of structural models / 5.4.2:
Equivalence and Implication / 6:
Two concepts of equivalence / 6.1:
Independence and Markov equivalence / 6.1.1:
Independence implication / 6.2:
Direct characterization of independence implication / 6.2.1:
Skeletal characterization of independence implication / 6.2.2:
Testing independence implication / 6.3:
Testing structural imsets / 6.3.1:
Grade / 6.3.2:
Invariants of independence equivalence / 6.4:
Adaptation to a distribution framework / 6.5:
The Problem of Representative Choice / 7:
Baricentral imsets / 7.1:
Standard imsets / 7.2:
Translation of DAG models / 7.2.1:
Translation of decomposable models / 7.2.2:
Imsets of the smallest degree / 7.3:
Decomposition implication / 7.3.1:
Minimal generators / 7.3.2:
Span / 7.4:
Determining and unimarginal classes / 7.4.1:
Imsets with the least lower class / 7.4.2:
Exclusivity of standard imsets / 7.4.3:
Dual description / 7.5:
Coportraits / 7.5.1:
Dual baricentral imsets and global view / 7.5.2:
Learning / 8:
Two approaches to learning / 8.1:
Quality criteria / 8.2:
Criteria for learning DAG models / 8.2.1:
Score equivalent criteria / 8.2.2:
Decomposable criteria / 8.2.3:
Regular criteria / 8.2.4:
Inclusion neighborhood / 8.3:
Standard imsets and learning / 8.4:
Inclusion neighborhood characterization / 8.4.1:
Regular criteria and standard imsets / 8.4.2:
Open Problems / 9:
Theoretical problems / 9.1:
Miscellaneous topics / 9.1.1:
Classification of skeletal imsets / 9.1.2:
Operations with structural models / 9.2:
Reductive operations / 9.2.1:
Expansive operations / 9.2.2:
Cumulative operations / 9.2.3:
Decomposition of structural models / 9.2.4:
Implementation tasks / 9.3:
Interpretation and learning tasks / 9.4:
Meaningful description of structural models / 9.4.1:
Tasks concerning distribution frameworks / 9.4.2:
Learning tasks / 9.4.3:
Appendix / A:
Classes of sets / A.1:
Posets and lattices / A.2:
Graphs / A.3:
Topological concepts / A.4:
Finite-dimensional subspaces and convex cones / A.5:
Linear subspaces / A.5.1:
Convex sets and cones / A.5.2:
Measure-theoretical concepts / A.6:
Measure and integral / A.6.1:
Basic measure-theoretical results / A.6.2:
Information-theoretical concepts / A.6.3:
Conditional probability / A.6.4:
Conditional independence in terms of ?-algebras / A.7:
Concepts from multivariate analysis / A.8:
Matrices / A.8.1:
Statistical characteristics of probability measures / A.8.2:
Multivariate Gaussian distributions / A.8.3:
Elementary statistical concepts / A.9:
Empirical concepts / A.9.1:
Statistical conception / A.9.2:
Likelihood function / A.9.3:
Testing statistical hypotheses / A.9.4:
Distribution framework / A.9.5:
List of Notation
List of Lemmas, Propositions etc
References
Index
Introduction / 1:
Motivational thoughts / 1.1:
Goals of the monograph / 1.2:
10.

電子ブック

EB
Ethan Cerami
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer New York, 2005
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction to XML for Bioinformatics / 1:
Introduction to XML / 1.1:
XML Defined / 1.1.1:
Origins of XML / 1.1.2:
The XML Family of Specifications / 1.1.3:
Web Services Defined / 1.1.4:
Using XML for Biological Data Exchange / 1.2:
Case Study: The Distributed Annotation System / 1.2.1:
XML Formats for Bioinformatics / 1.2.2:
Evaluating XML Usage in Bioinformatics / 1.3:
Advantages of XML / 1.3.1:
Disadvantages of XML / 1.3.2:
Useful Resources / 1.4:
Articles / 1.4.1:
Web Site and Web Resources / 1.4.2:
Fundamentals of XML and BSML / 2:
Getting Started with BSML / 2.1:
Using Genomic Workspace / 2.1.1:
Fundamentals of XML / 2.2:
Working with Elements / 2.2.1:
Working with Attributes / 2.2.2:
The XML Prolog / 2.2.3:
Comments / 2.2.4:
Processing Instructions / 2.2.5:
Character Encoding / 2.2.6:
CDATA Sections / 2.2.7:
Creating Well-Formed XML Documents / 2.2.8:
Creating Valid XML Documents / 2.2.9:
Working with XML Parsers / 2.2.10:
Fundamentals of XML Namespaces / 2.3:
Why We Need XML Namespaces / 2.3.1:
Declaring and Using XML Namespaces / 2.3.2:
Declaring a Default Namespace / 2.3.3:
Fundamentals of BSML / 2.4:
BSML File Formats / 2.4.1:
BSML Document Structure / 2.4.2:
Representing Sequences / 2.4.3:
Representing Sequence Features / 2.4.4:
Retrieving Live BSML Data via XEMBL / 2.4.5:
DTDs for Bioinformatics / 2.5:
Introduction to DTDs / 3.1:
A Bird's-Eye View: Protein DTD / 3.1.1:
Validating XML Documents / 3.1.2:
Document Type Declarations / 3.2:
Declaring Elements / 3.3:
EMPTY / 3.3.1:
ANY / 3.3.2:
#PCDATA / 3.3.3:
Child Elements / 3.3.4:
Mixed Content / 3.3.5:
Declaring Attributes / 3.4:
Attribute Types / 3.4.1:
Attribute Behaviors / 3.4.2:
Working with Entities / 3.5:
General Entities / 3.5.1:
Parameter Entities / 3.5.2:
Entity Summary / 3.5.3:
Conditional DTD Sections / 3.5.4:
Case Study: NCBI TinySeq / 3.6:
NCBI and XML / 3.6.1:
The TinySeq DTD / 3.6.2:
XML Schemas for Bioinformatics / 4:
Introduction to XML Schemas / 4.1:
Essential Concepts: Representing Protein Data / 4.1.1:
The [left angle bracket]schema[right angle bracket] element / 4.2.1:
Schema Documentation / 4.2.2:
Simple Types vs. Complex Types / 4.2.3:
Global Elements vs. Local Elements / 4.2.4:
Creating Instance Documents / 4.2.5:
Validating Instance Documents / 4.2.6:
Working with Simple Types / 4.3:
Built-in Schema Types / 4.3.1:
Working with Facets / 4.3.2:
Working with Complex Types / 4.4:
Introduction to Complex Types / 4.4.1:
Declaring Empty Element Types / 4.4.2:
Declaring Mixed Element Types / 4.4.3:
Occurrence Constraints / 4.4.4:
Declaring Default Values / 4.4.5:
Compositors: Sequence and Choice / 4.4.6:
Defining Named Complex Types / 4.4.7:
All Together Now! / 4.4.8:
Basic Namespace Issues / 4.5:
Case Study: The HUPO PSI Molecular Interaction Format / 4.6:
PSI-MI Schema Overview / 4.6.1:
A Sample PSI-MI Instance Document / 4.6.2:
Working with the PSI-MI Controlled Vocabulary / 4.6.3:
Parsing NCBI XML in Perl / 5:
Introduction to XML Parsing in Perl / 5.1:
Tree-Based vs. Event-Based XML Parsers / 5.1.1:
Installing Modules via CPAN / 5.1.2:
The Simple API for XML (SAX) / 5.2:
Introduction to SAX / 5.2.1:
SAX and Bioinformatics Applications / 5.2.2:
SAX 2.0 / 5.2.3:
Introduction to XML::SAX / 5.2.4:
Using NCBI EFetch and XML::SAX / 5.2.5:
The Document Object Model (DOM) / 5.3:
DOM Traversal with XML::LibXML / 5.3.1:
Validating XML Documents with XML::LibXML / 5.3.2:
Creating New Documents with XML::LibXML / 5.3.3:
Using NCBI EFetch and XML::LibXML / 5.3.4:
The Distributed Annotation System (DAS) / 6:
Genome Annotation / 6.1:
Introduction to DAS / 6.2:
The WormBase DAS Viewer / 6.2.1:
DAS Protocol Overview / 6.3:
Getting Started / 6.3.1:
DAS Requests / 6.3.2:
DAS Responses / 6.3.3:
X-DAS-Capabilities Header / 6.3.4:
DAS Command Reference / 6.4:
Retrieving Data Sources / 6.4.1:
Retrieving Entry Points / 6.4.2:
Retrieving Sequence Data / 6.4.3:
Retrieving Annotations / 6.4.4:
Working with Reference Maps / 6.5:
Traversing the Ensembl Reference Map / 6.5.1:
Working with Evolving Reference Maps / 6.5.2:
The Future of DAS / 6.6:
Parsing DAS Data with SAX / 7:
A First Example / 7.1:
The XMLReader Interface / 7.1.2:
The ContentHandler Interface / 7.1.3:
Extending the DefaultHandler / 7.1.4:
Using InputSource Objects / 7.1.5:
Checking for Well-Formedness / 7.2:
Validating XML Documents: Overview / 7.2.2:
Activating the SAX Validation Feature / 7.2.3:
The ErrorHandler Interface / 7.2.4:
Validating against XML Schemas / 7.2.5:
Elements, Attributes, and Namespaces / 7.3:
Working with Elements and Namespaces / 7.3.1:
Building Custom Data Structures with SAX / 7.3.2:
Parsing DAS Feature Data / 7.4.1:
Integrating with BioJava / 7.4.2:
Parsing DAS Data with JDOM / 8:
JDOM Basics / 8.1:
JDOM Package Overview / 8.1.1:
Parsing XML Documents with JDOM / 8.1.2:
Parsing DAS Documents with JDOM / 8.2:
Introduction to the JDOM Element API / 8.2.1:
Traversing DAS Documents / 8.2.2:
Parsing DAS dsn Documents / 8.2.3:
Creating DAS Documents with JDOM / 8.3:
Creating New Documents / 8.3.1:
Creating New Elements / 8.3.2:
A Complete Example / 8.3.3:
Building the JDAS Library / 8.4:
Using JDAS / 8.4.1:
The JDAS Source Code / 8.4.2:
Web Services for Bioinformatics / 9:
Introduction to Web Services / 9.1:
Architectural Options / 9.1.1:
Case Study: Introduction to the NCI caBIO Project / 9.2:
Background: Connecting to caBIO via the Java RMI Interface / 9.2.1:
Introduction to REST-Based Web Services / 9.3:
Introduction to REST / 9.3.1:
Connecting to the caBIO REST Interface / 9.3.2:
Example Application: Command Line caBIO Browser / 9.3.3:
Introduction to SOAP / 9.4:
SOAP Overview / 9.4.1:
Constructing SOAP Messages / 9.4.2:
Transporting SOAP via HTTP / 9.4.3:
Introduction to Apache Axis / 9.5:
Building a Web Service with Axis / 9.5.1:
Connecting to caBIO with Axis / 9.5.2:
Appendix
Nucleotide Base Codes
Amino Acid Codes
Bibliography
Index
Introduction to XML for Bioinformatics / 1:
Introduction to XML / 1.1:
XML Defined / 1.1.1:
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