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1. Nickel Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: Methods and Reactions
Sensuke Ogoshi
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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Preface
Reactions via Nickelacycles / Part I：
Formation of Nickelacycles and Reaction with Carbon Monoxide / Sensuke Ogoshi1：
Introduction / 1.1：
Formation of Hetero-nickelacycles from Nickel(O) / 1.2：
Stoichiometric Reaction of Hetero-nickelacycles with Carbon Monoxide / 1.3：
References
Transformation of Aldehydes via Nickelacycles / Yoichi Hashimoto2：
Introduction and Scope of This Chapter / 2.1：
Catalytic Transformation of Aldehydes Through Three-Membered Oxanickelacycle Complexes / 2.2：
Catalytic Transformation of Aldehydes Through Five-Membered Oxanickelacycle Complexes / 2.3：
Catalytic Transformation of Aldehydes Through Seven-Membered Oxanickelacycle Complexes / 2.4：
Conclusion and Outlook / 2.5：
Transformation of Imines via Nickelacycles / Masato Ohashi3：
[2 + 2 + 1] Carbonylative Cycloaddition of an Imine and Either an Alkyne or an Alkene Leading to ¿-Lactams / 3.1：
[2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of an Imine with Two Alkynes: Formation of 1,2-Dihydropyridine Derivatives / 3.3：
Three-Component Coupling and Cyclocondensation Reactions of an Imine, an Alkyne, and Alkylmetal Reagents / 3.4：
Asymmetric C-C Bond Formation Reactions via Nickelacycles / Ravindra Kumar and Sensuke Ogoshi4：
Enantioselective Reactions Involving Nickelacycles / 4.1：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes / 4.2.1：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes / 4.2.1.1：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylative Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes / 4.2.1.2：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Alkynes and Imines / 4.2.2：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of 1,3-Enynes and Aldehydes / 4.2.3：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of 1,3-Enynes and Ketones / 4.2.4：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of 1,3-Dienes and Aldehydes / 4.2.5：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Enones and Alkynes / 4.2.6：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylative Coupling of Enones and Alkynes / 4.2.6.1：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Arylenoates and Alkynes / 4.2.6.2：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Diynes with Ketenes / 4.2.8：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Allenes, Aldehydes, and Silanes / 4.2.9：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Allenes and Isocyanates / 4.2.10：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Alkenes, Aldehydes, and Silanes / 4.2.11：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Formamide and Alkene / 4.2.12：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Alkynes and Cyclopropyl Carboxamide / 4.2.13：
Miscellaneous / 4.3：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Annulation of Pyridones via Hydroarylation to Alkenes / 4.3.1：
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzoxasilole / 4.3.2：
Overview and Future Perspective / 4.4：
Functionalization of Unreactive Bonds / Part II：
Recent Advances in Ni-Catalyzed Chelation-Assisted Direct Functionalization of Inert C-H Bonds / Yon-Hua Liu and Fang Hu and Bing-Feng Shi5：
Ni-Catalyzed Functionalization of Inert C-H Bonds Assisted by Bidentate Directing Groups / 5.1：
Arylation / 5.2.1：
Alkylation / 5.2.2：
Alkenylation / 5.2.3：
Alkynylation / 5.2.4：
Other C-C Bond Formation Reactions Directed by Bidentate Directing Group / 5.2.5：
C-N Bond Formation / 5.2.6：
C-Chalcogen (Chalcogen = O, S, Se) Bond Formation / 5.2.7：
C-Halogen Bond Formation / 5.2.8：
Ni-Catalyzed Functionalization of Inert C-H Bonds Assisted by Monodentate Directing Groups / 5.3：
C-Calcogen Bond Formation / 5.3.1：
Summary / 5.4：
C-C Bond Functionalization / Yoshiaki Nakao6：
C-C Bond Functionalization of Three-Membered Rings / 6.1：
C-C Bond Functionalization of Four- and Five-Membered Rings / 6.3：
C-C Bond Functionalization of Less Strained Molecules / 6.4：
C-CN Bond Functionalization / 6.5：
Summary and Outlook / 6.6：
C-O Bond Transformations / Mamoru Tobisu7：
C(aryl)-O Bond Cleavage / 7.1：
Aryl Esters, Carbamates, and Carbonates / 7.2.1：
Aryl Ethers / 7.2.2：
Arenols / 7.2.3：
C(benzyl)-O Bond Cleavage / 7.3：
Benzyl Esters and Carbamates / 7.3.1：
Benzyl Ethers / 7.3.2：
C(acyl)-O Bond Cleavage / 7.4：
Coupling Reactions via Ni(I) and/or Ni(III) / 7.5：
Photo-Assisted Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Processes / Christophe Lévéque and Cyril Ollivier and Louis Fensterbank8：
Development of Visible-Light Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis / 8.1：
For the Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds / 8.2.1：
Starting from Organotrifluoroborates / 8.2.1.1：
Starting from Carboxylates or Keto Acids or from Methylanilines / 8.2.1.2：
Starting from Alkylsilicates / 8.2.1.3：
Starting from 1,4-Dihydropyridines / 8.2.1.4：
Starting from Alkylsulfinates / 8.2.1.5：
Starting from Alkyl Bromides / 8.2.1.6：
Starting from Xanthates / 8.2.1.7：
Starting from Sp3 CH Bonds / 8.2.1.8：
For the Formation of Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds / 8.2.2：
Formation of C-O Bond / 8.2.2.1：
Formation of C-P Bond / 8.2.2.2：
Formation of C-S Bond / 8.2.2.3：
Energy-Transfer-Mediated Nickel Catalysis / 8.3：
Conclusion / 8.4：
Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Principles and New Reactions / Matthew M. Goldfogel and Liangbin Huang and Daniel J. Weix9：
Mechanistic Discussion of Cross-Electrophile Coupling / 9.1：
C(sp2)-C(sp3) Bond Formation / 9.3：
Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aryl-X and Alkyl-X / 9.3.1：
Cross-Electrophile Coupling of ArX and Bn-X / 9.3.2：
Cross-Electrophile Coupling of ArX and Allyl-X / 9.3.3：
Vinyl-X with R-X / 9.3.4：
Acyl-X with Alkyl-X / 9.3.5：
C(sp2)-C(sp2) Coupling / 9.4：
Aryl-X/Vinyl-X + Aryl-X/Vinyl-X / 9.4.1：
Aryl-X + Acyl-X / 9.4.2：
C(sp3)-C(sp3) Coupling / 9.5：
C(sp)-C(sp3) Coupling / 9.6：
Multicomponent Reactions / 9.7：
Future of the Field / 9.8：
Organometallic Chemistry of High-Valent Ni(III) and Ni(IV) Complexes / Liviu M. Mirica and Sofia M. Smith and Leonel Griego10：
Organometallic Ni(III) Complexes / 10.1：
Organometallic Ni(IV) Complexes / 10.3：
Other High-Valent Ni Complexes / 10.4：
Additional NiIII Complexes / 10.4.1：
Additional NiIV Complexes / 10.4.2：
Conclusions and Outlook / 10.5：
Carbon Dioxide Fixation / Part IV：
Carbon Dioxide Fixation via Nickelacycle / Ryohei Doi and Yoshihiro Sato11：
Introduction: Carbon Dioxide as a C1 Building Block / 11.1：
Formation, Structure, and Reactivity of Nickelalactone / 11.2：
Formation and Characterization of Nickelalactone via Oxidative Cyclization with CO2 / 11.2.1：
Reaction with Alkene / 11.2.1.1：
Reaction with Allene / 11.2.1.2：
Reaction with Diene / 11.2.1.3：
Reaction with Alkyne / 11.2.1.4：
Other Related Reactions / 11.2.1.5：
Generation of Nickelalactone Without CO2 / 11.2.1.6：
Reactivity of Nickelalactone / 11.2.2：
Transmetalation with Organometallic Reagent / 11.2.2.1：
ß-Hydride Elimination / 11.2.2.2：
Insertion of Another Unsaturated Molecule / 11.2.2.3：
Retro-cyclization / 11.2.2.4：
Nucleophilic Attack / 11.2.2.5：
Oxidation / 11.2.2.6：
Ligand Exchange / 11.2.2.7：
Catalytic Transformation via Nickelalactone 1: Reactions of Alkynes / 11.3：
Synthesis of Pyrone / 11.3.1：
Initial Finding / 11.3.1.1：
Reaction of Diynes with CO2 / 11.3.1.2：
Synthesis of ¿,ß-Unsaturated Ester / 11.3.2：
Electrochemical Reactions / 11.3.2.1：
Reduction with Organometallic Reagents / 11.3.2.2：
Catalytic Transformation via Nickelalactone 2: Reactions of Alkenes and Related Molecules / 11.4：
Transformation of Diene, Allene, and Substituted Alkene / 11.4.1：
Coupling of Diene with CO2 / 11.4.1.1：
Electrochemical Process / 11.4.1.2：
Use of Reductant / 11.4.1.3：
Synthesis of Acrylic Acid from Ethylene and CO2 / 11.4.2：
Before the Dawn / 11.4.2.1：
Development of Catalytic Reaction / 11.4.2.2：
Concluding Remarks / 11.5：
Relevance of Ni(I) in Catalytic Carboxylation Reactions / Rosie J. Somerville and Ruben Martin12：
Mechanistic Building Blocks / 12.1：
Additives / 12.2.1：
Coordination of CO2 / 12.2.2：
Insertion/C-C Bond Formation / 12.2.3：
Ligand Effects / 12.2.4：
Oxidative Addition / 12.2.5：
Oxidation State / 12.2.6：
Single Electron Transfer (SET) / 12.2.7：
Electrocarboxylation / 12.2.8：
Phosphine Ligands / 12.3.1：
Bipyridine and Related ¿-Diimine Ligands / 12.3.3：
Salen Ligands / 12.3.4：
Non-electrochemical Methods / 12.3.5：
Aryl Halides / 12.4.1：
Benzyl Electrophiles / 12.4.2：
Carboxylation of Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles / 12.4.3：
Carboxylation of Allyl Electrophiles / 12.4.4：
Unsaturated Systems / 12.4.5：
Conclusions / 12.5：
Index
Preface
Reactions via Nickelacycles / Part I：
Formation of Nickelacycles and Reaction with Carbon Monoxide / Sensuke Ogoshi1：
2.

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ＥＢ
2. Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading
Crocker, Santillan-Jimenez Eduardo
出版情報: Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Upgrading of Biomass via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) / Charles A. Mullen1：
Introduction / 1.1：
Catalytic Pyrolysis Over Zeolites / 1.1.1：
Catalytic Pyrolysis Over HZSM-5 / 1.1.1.1：
Deactivation of HZSM-5 During CFP / 1.1.1.2：
Modification of ZSM-5 with Metals / 1.1.1.3：
Modifications of ZSM-5 Pore Structure / 1.1.1.4：
CFP with Metal Oxide Catalysts / 1.1.2：
CFP to Produce Fine Chemicals / 1.1.3：
Outlook and Conclusions / 1.1.4：
References
The Upgrading of Bio-Oil via Hydrodeoxygenation / Adetoyese O. Oyedun and Madhumita Patel and Mayank Kumar and Amit Kumar2：
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) / 2.1：
Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol as a Model Compound / 2.2.1：
HDO of Phenolic (Guaiacol) Model Compounds / 2.2.1.1：
HDO of Phenolic (Anisole) Model Compounds / 2.2.1.2：
HDO of Phenolic (Cresol) Model Compounds / 2.2.1.3：
Hydrodeoxygenation of Aldehyde Model Compounds / 2.2.2：
Hydrodeoxygenation of Carboxylic Acid Model Compounds / 2.2.3：
Hydrodeoxygenation of Alcohol Model Compounds / 2.2.4：
Hydrodeoxygenation of Carbohydrate Model Compounds / 2.2.5：
Chemical Catalysts for the HDO Reaction / 2.3：
Catalyst Promoters for HDO / 2.3.1：
Catalyst Supports for HDO / 2.3.2：
Catalyst Selectivity for HDO / 2.3.3：
Catalyst Deactivation During HDO / 2.3.4：
Research Gaps / 2.4：
Conclusions / 2.5：
Acknowledgments
Upgrading of Bio-oil via Fluid Catalytic Cracking / Idoia Hita and Jose Maria Arandes and Javier Bilbao3：
Bio-oil / 3.1：
Bio-oil Production via Fast Pyrolysis / 3.2.1：
General Characteristics, Composition, and Stabilization of Bio-oil / 3.2.2：
Adjustment of Bio-oil Composition Through Pyrolytic Strategies / 3.2.2.1：
Bio-oil Stabilization / 3.2.2.2：
Valorization Routes for Bio-oil / 3.2.3：
Hydroprocessing / 3.2.3.1：
Steam Reforming / 3.2.3.2：
Extraction of Valuable Components from Bio-oil / 3.2.3.3：
Catalytic Cracking of Bio-oil: Fundamental Aspects / 3.3：
The FCC Unit / 3.3.1：
Cracking Reactions and Mechanisms / 3.3.2：
Cracking of Oxygenated Compounds / 3.3.3：
Cracking of Bio-oil / 3.3.4：
Bio-oil Cracking in the FCC Unit / 3.4：
Cracking of Model Oxygenates / 3.4.1：
Coprocessing of Oxygenates and Their Mixtures with Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) / 3.4.2：
Cracking of Bio-oil and Its Mixtures with VGO / 3.4.3：
Conclusions and Critical Discussion / 3.5：
Stabilization of Bio-oil via Esterification / Xun Hu4：
Reactions of the Main Components of Bio-Oil Under Esterification Conditions / 4.1：
Sugars / 4.2.1：
Carboxylic Acids / 4.2.2：
Furans / 4.2.3：
Aldehydes and Ketones / 4.2.4：
Phenolics / 4.2.5：
Other Components / 4.2.6：
Processes for Esterification of Bio-oil / 4.3：
Esterification of Bio-oil Under Subcritical or Supercritical Conditions / 4.3.1：
Removal of the Water in Bio-oil to Enhance Conversion of Carboxylic Acids / 4.3.2：
In-line Esterification of Bio-oil / 4.3.3：
Esterification Coupled with Oxidation / 4.3.4：
Esterification Coupled with Hydrogenation / 4.3.5：
Steric Hindrance in Bio-oil Esterification / 4.3.6：
Coking in Esterification of Bio-oil / 4.3.7：
Effects of Bio-oil Esterification on the Subsequent Hydrotreatment / 4.3.8：
Catalysts / 4.4：
Summary and Outlook / 4.5：
Catalytic Upgrading of Holocellulose-Derived C5 and C6 Sugars / Xingguang Zhang and Zhijun Tai and Amin Osatiashtiani and Lee Durndell and Adam F. Lee and Karen Wilson5：
Catalytic Transformation of C5-C6 Sugars / 5.1：
Isomerization Catalysts / 5.2.1：
Zeolites / 5.2.1.1：
Hydrotalcites / 5.2.1.2：
Other Solid Catalysts / 5.2.1.3：
Dehydration Catalysts / 5.2.2：
Zeolitic and Mesoporous Brønsted Solid Acids / 5.2.2.1：
Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Silicas / 5.2.2.2：
Metal-Organic Frameworks / 5.2.2.3：
Supported Ionic Liquids / 5.2.2.4：
Catalysts for Tandem Isomerization and Dehydration of C5-C6 Sugars / 5.2.3：
Bifunctional Zeolites and Mesoporous Solid Acids / 5.2.3.1：
Metal Oxides, Sulfates, and Phosphates / 5.2.3.2：
Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of C5-C6 Sugars / 5.2.3.3：
Ni Catalysts / 5.2.4.1：
Ru Catalysts / 5.2.4.2：
Pt Catalysts / 5.2.4.3：
Other Hydrogenation Catalysts / 5.2.4.4：
Hydrogenolysis Catalysts / 5.2.5：
Other Reactions / 5.2.6：
Conclusions and Future Perspectives / 5.3：
Chemistry of C-C Bond Formation Reactions Used in Biomass Upgrading: Reaction Mechanisms, Site Requirements, and Catalytic Materials / Tuong V. Bui and Nhung Duong and Felipe Anaya and Duong Ngo and Gap Warakunwit and Daniel E. Resasco6：
Mechanisms and Site Requirements of C-C Coupling Reactions / 6.1：
Aldol Condensation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.1：
Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation / 6.2.1.1：
Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.1.2：
Alkylation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.2：
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Alkylation Mechanism / 6.2.2.1：
Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Alkylation Mechanism / 6.2.2.2：
Base-Catalyzed Alkylation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.2.3：
Hydroxyalkylation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.3：
Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Mechanism / 6.2.3.1：
Site Requirement / 6.2.3.2：
Acylation: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.4：
Mechanistic Aspects of Acylation Reactions / 6.2.4.1：
Role of Brønsted vs. Lewis Acid in Acylation Over Zeolites / 6.2.4.2：
Ketonization: Mechanism and Site Requirement / 6.2.5：
Mechanism of Surface Ketonization / 6.2.5.1：
Optimization and Design of Catalytic Materials for C-C Bond Forming Reactions / 6.2.5.2：
Oxides / 6.3.1：
Magnesia (MgO) / 6.3.1.1：
Zirconia (ZrO2) / 6.3.1.2：
ZSM-5 / 6.3.2：
HY / 6.3.2.2：
HBEA / 6.3.2.3：
Downstream Conversion of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates to Fine Chemicals / Michèle Besson and Stéphane Loridant and Noémie Perret and Catherine Pinel7：
Selective Catalytic Oxidation / 7.1：
Catalytic Oxidation of Glycerol / 7.2.1：
Glycerol to Glyceric Acid (GLYAC) / 7.2.2.1：
Glycerol to Tartronic Acid (TARAC) / 7.2.2.2：
Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) / 7.2.2.3：
Glycerol to Mesoxalic Acid (MESAC) / 7.2.2.4：
Glycerol to Glycolic Acid (GLYCAC) / 7.2.2.5：
Glycerol to Lactic Acid (LAC) / 7.2.2.6：
Oxidation of 5-HydroxymethylfurfuraI (HMF) / 7.2.3：
HMF to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) / 7.2.3.1：
HMF to 2,5-Diformylfuran (DFF) / 7.2.3.2：
HMF to 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic Acid (HMFCA) or 5-Formyl-2-furancarboxylic Acid (FFCA) / 7.2.3.3：
Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis / 7.3：
Hydrogenolysis of Polyols / 7.3.1：
Hydrodeoxygenation of Polyols / 7.3.2.1：
C-C Hydrogenolysis of Polyols / 7.3.2.2：
Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids / 7.3.3：
Levulinic Acid / 7.3.3.1：
Succinic Acid / 7.3.3.2：
Selective Hydrogenation of Furanic Compounds / 7.3.4：
Reductive Amination of Acids and Furans / 7.3.5：
Catalyst Design for the Dehydration of Biosourced Molecules / 7.4：
Glycerol to Acrolein / 7.4.1：
Lactic Acid to Acrylic Acid / 7.4.3：
Sorbitol to Isosorbide / 7.4.4：
Conclusions and Outlook / 7.5：
Conversion of Lignin to Value-added Chemicals via Oxidative Depolymerization / Justin K. Mobley8：
Cautionary Statements / 8.1：
Catalytic Systems for the Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin / 8.2：
Enzymes and Bio-mimetic Catalysts / 8.2.1：
Cobalt Schiff Base Catalysts / 8.2.2：
Vanadium Catalysts / 8.2.3：
Methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) Catalysts / 8.2.4：
Commercial Products from Lignin / 8.3：
Stepwise Depolymerization of ß-O-4 Linkages / 8.4：
Benzylic Oxidation / 8.4.1：
Secondary Depolymerization / 8.4.2：
Heterogeneous Catalysts for Lignin Depolymerization / 8.5：
Outlook / 8.6：
Lignin Valorization via Reductive Depolymerization / Yang (Vanessa) Song9：
Late-stage Reductive Lignin Depolymerization / 9.1：
Mild Hydroprocessing / 9.2.1：
Harsh Hydroprocessing / 9.2.2：
Bifunctional Hydroprocessing / 9.2.3：
Liquid Phase Reforming / 9.2.4：
Reductive Lignin Depolymerization Using Hydrosilanes, Zinc, and Sodium / 9.2.5：
Reductive Catalytic Fractionation (RCF) / 9.3：
Reaction Conditions / 9.3.1：
Lignocellulose Source / 9.3.2：
Applied Catalyst / 9.3.3：
Acknowledgment / 9.4：
Conversion of Lipids to Biodiesel via Esterification and Transesterification / Amin Talebian-Kiakalaieh and Amin Nor Aishah Saidina10：
Different Feedstocks tor Biodiesel Production / 10.1：
Biodiesel Production / 10.3：
Algal Bio diesel Production / 10.3.1：
Nutrients for Microalgae Growth / 10.3.1.1：
Microalgae Cultivation System / 10.3.1.2：
Harvesting / 10.3.1.3：
Drying / 10.3.1.4：
Lipid Extraction / 10.3.1.5：
Catalytic Transesterification / 10.4：
Homogeneous Catalysts / 10.4.1：
Alkali Catalysts / 10.4.1.1：
Acid Catalysts / 10.4.1.2：
Two-step Esterification-Transesterification Reactions / 10.4.1.3：
Heterogeneous Catalysts / 10.4.2：
Solid Acid Catalysts / 10.4.2.1：
Solid Base Catalysts / 10.4.2.2：
Enzyme-Catalyzed Transesterification Reactions / 10.4.3：
Supercritical Transesterification Processes / 10.5：
Alternative Processes for Biodiesel Production / 10.6：
Ultrasonic Processes / 10.6.1：
Microwave-Assisted Processes / 10.6.2：
Summary / 10.7：
Upgrading of Lipids to Hydrocarbon Fuels via (Hydro)deoxygenation / David Kubicka11：
Feedstocks / 11.1：
Chemistry / 11.3：
Technologies / 11.4：
Sulfided Catalysts / 11.5：
Metallic Catalysts / 11.5.2：
Metal Carbide, Nitride, and Phosphide Catalysts / 11.5.3：
Upgrading of Lipids to Fuel-like Hydrocarbons and Terminal Olefins via Decarbonylation/Decarboxylation / Ryan Loe and Eduardo Santillan-Jimenez and Mark Crocker11.6：
Lipid Feeds / 12.1：
deCOx Catalysts: Active Phases / 12.3：
deCOx Catalysts: Support Materials / 12.4：
Reaction Mechanism / 12.5：
Catalyst Deactivation / 12.7：
Conversion of Terpenes to Chemicals and Related Products / Anne E. Harman-Ware12.8：
Terpene Biosynthesis and Structure / 13.1：
Sources of Terpenes / 13.3：
Conifers and Other Trees / 13.3.1：
Essential Oils and Other Extracts / 13.3.2：
Isolation of Terpenes / 13.4：
Tapping and Extraction / 13.4.1：
Terpenes as a By-product of Pulping Processes / 13.4.2：
Historical Uses of Raw Terpenes / 13.5：
Adhesives and Turpentine / 13.5.1：
Flavors, Fragrances, Therapeutics, and Pharmaceutical Applications / 13.5.2：
Catalytic Methods for Conversion of Terpenes to Fine Chemicals and Materials / 13.6：
Homogeneous Processes / 13.6.1：
Hydration and Oxidation Reactions / 13.6.1.1：
Homogeneous Catalysis for the Epoxidation of Monoterpenes / 13.6.1.2：
Isomerizations / 13.6.1.3：
Production of Terpene Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides / 13.6.1.4：
Polymers and Other Materials from Terpenes / 13.6.1.5：
"Click Chemistry" Routes for the Production of Materials and Medicinal Compounds from Terpenes / 13.6.1.6：
Heterogeneous Processes / 13.6.2：
Isomerization and Hydration of ¿-Pinene / 13.6.2.1：
Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Epoxidation of Monoterpenes / 13.6.2.2：
Isomerization of ¿-Pinene Oxide / 13.6.2.3：
Vitamins from Terpenes / 13.6.2.4：
Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation Reactions of Terpenes / 13.6.2.5：
Conversion of Terpenes to Fuels / 13.6.2.6：
Conversion of Chitin to Nitrogen-containing Chemicals / Xi Chen and Ning Yan14：
Waste Shell Biorefinery / 14.1：
Production of Amines and Amides from Chitin Biomass / 14.2：
Sugar Amines/Amides / 14.2.1：
Furanic Amines/Amides / 14.2.2：
Polyol Amines/Amides / 14.2.3：
Production of N-heterocyclic Compounds from Chitin Biomass / 14.3：
Production of Carbohydrates and Acetic Acid from Chitin Biomass / 14.4：
Production of Advanced Products from Chitin Biomass / 14.5：
Conclusion / 14.6：
Index / Eduardo Santillan-Jimenez and Mark Crocker15：
Preface
Upgrading of Biomass via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) / Charles A. Mullen1：
Introduction / 1.1：
3.

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3. Privacy and Identity Management : 17th IFIP WG 9. 2, 9. 6/11. 7, 11. 6/SIG 9. 2. 2 International Summer School, Privacy and Identity 2022, Virtual Event, August 30-September 2, 2022, Proceedings
Felix. Bieker
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2023
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4. PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON GRAPHENE, 2D MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS (2D MATERIALS 2019)
出版情報: AIP Conference Proceedings (American Institute of Physics) , AIP Publishing, 2021
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5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND PHYSICS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (PhyMaS 2.0)
出版情報: AIP Conference Proceedings (American Institute of Physics) , AIP Publishing, 2021
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6. 2x2 Matrix : Contingency, Confusion and the Metrics of Binary Classification
A. J. Larner
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2022
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7. 63195-2-2022 - IEC/IEEE 63195-2
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2022
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8. 1872.2-2021 - IEEE Std 1872.2-2021
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 2022
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9. 2022 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Science (IC2ECS)
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2022
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10. 2022 2nd International Conference on Digital Futures and Transformative Technologies (ICoDT2)
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings , IEEE, 2022
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