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1.

図書
図書
1. Structure (: gw ; : us)
editor, G. Chiarotti ; contributors, G. Chiarotti, ... [et al.]
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c1993  xi, 362 p. ; 28 cm
シリーズ名: Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie / Gesamtherausgabe, K.-H. Hellwege ; Group 3 . Solid state physics ; v. 24 . Physics of solid surfaces ; subvolume a
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Introductory material
General introduction (G. CHIAROTTI) / 1：
Motivations for a Landolt-Bornstein volume on surface physics / 1.1：
Outline of the volume / 1.2：
How to consult the volume / 1.3：
List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations / 1.4：
Conversion tables / 1.5：
Crystal structures and bulk lattice parameters of materials quoted in the volume / 1.6：
References for 1 / 1.7：
The structure of surfaces / 2：
The structure of ideal surfaces (J.F. NICHOLAS) / 2.1：
Introduction / 2.1.1：
Definitions / 2.1.1.1：
Description of a half-crystal defined by an (hkl) plane / 2.1.1.2：
Symmetry / 2.1.1.3：
Symmetry of a half-crystal / 2.1.1.3.1：
Symmetry of a surface layer / 2.1.1.3.2：
Coordination of surface atoms / 2.1.1.4：
Theory / 2.1.1.4.1：
Results for nearest neighbour bonds in face- and body-centred cubic crystals / 2.1.1.4.2：
Models of surfaces / 2.1.1.5：
The terrace-ledge-kink (TLK) model / 2.1.1.5.1：
Ball models of surfaces / 2.1.1.5.2：
Some useful crystallographic formulae / 2.1.1.6：
Surface diagrams / 2.1.2：
Positions of surface atoms in particular surfaces / 2.1.2.1：
Face-centred and body-centred cubic crystals / 2.1.2.1.1：
NaCl and diamond type structures / 2.1.2.1.2：
Hexagonal close-packed structures / 2.1.2.1.3：
Conversion formulae and extension to other atoms / 2.1.2.2：
References for 2.1 / 2.1.3：
Surface reconstruction and relaxation (A. FASOLINO, A. SELLONI, A. SHKREBTII) / 2.2：
Outline / 2.2.1：
Relaxation and reconstruction / 2.2.1.2：
Surface periodicity: notations for surface structures / 2.2.1.3：
Techniques / 2.2.1.4：
Surface preparation / 2.2.1.5：
Models of reconstruction / 2.2.1.6：
Data / 2.2.2：
Metals / 2.2.2.1：
Semiconductors and insulators / 2.2.2.2：
References for 2.2 / 2.2.3：
Structural defects at surfaces (H. HENZLER, W. RANKE) / 2.3：
Preliminary remarks / 2.3.1：
Methods of investigation / 2.3.1.2：
Microscopy / 2.3.1.2.1：
Diffraction / 2.3.1.2.2：
Ion scattering / 2.3.1.2.3：
Other methods / 2.3.1.2.4：
Experimentally observed stabile of surfaces, stepped surfaces / 2.3.2：
Metals and metal alloys / 2.3.2.1.1：
Group IV semiconductors / 2.3.2.1.2：
III-V semiconductors / 2.3.2.1.3：
Chalcogenides / 2.3.2.1.4：
Halides / 2.3.2.1.5：
Phase transitions / 2.3.2.2：
Roughening transition of stepped metal surfaces / 2.3.2.2.1：
Phase transitions on low index metal surfaces / 2.3.2.2.2：
References for 2.3 / 2.3.3：
General index (See Vol.24D) Introduction
Index of surfaces
Introductory material
General introduction (G. CHIAROTTI) / 1：
Motivations for a Landolt-Bornstein volume on surface physics / 1.1：
2.

図書
図書
2. Spatial data analysis in the social and environmental sciences. 1st pbk. ed (: pbk)
Robert Haining
出版情報: Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1993, c1990  xxi, 409 p. ; 23 cm
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List of tables and displays
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction to issues in the analysis of spatially referenced data / Part A：
Introduction / 1：
Notes
Issues in analysing spatial data / 2：
Spatial data: sources, forms and storage / 2.1：
Sources: quality and quantity / 2.1.1：
Forms and attributes / 2.1.2：
Data storage / 2.1.3：
Spatial data analysis / 2.2：
The importance of space in the social and environmental sciences / 2.2.1：
Measurement error / 2.2.1 (a)：
Continuity effects and spatial heterogeneity / 2.2.1 (b)：
Spatial processes / 2.2.1 (c)：
Types of analytical problems / 2.2.2：
Problems in spatial data analysis / 2.3：
Conceptual models and inference frameworks for spatial data / 2.3.1：
Modelling spatial variation / 2.3.2：
Statistical modelling of spatial data / 2.3.3：
Dependency in spatial data / 2.3.3 (a)：
Spatial heterogeneity: regional subdivisions and parameter variation / 2.3.3 (b)：
Spatial distribution of data points and boundary effects / 2.3.3 (c)：
Assessing model fit / 2.3.3 (d)：
Distributions / 2.3.3 (e)：
Extreme data values / 2.3.3 (f)：
Model sensitivity to the areal system / 2.3.3 (g)：
Size-variance relationships in homogeneous aggregates / 2.3.3 (h)：
A statistical framework for spatial data analysis / 2.4：
Data adaptive modelling / 2.4.1：
Robust and resistant parameter estimation / 2.4.2：
Robust estimation of the centre of a symmetric distribution / 2.4.2 (a)：
Robust estimation of regression parameters / 2.4.2 (b)：
Parametric models for spatial variation / Part B：
Statistical models for spatial populations / 3：
Models for spatial populations: preliminary considerations / 3.1：
Spatial stationarity and isotropy / 3.1.1：
Second order (weak) stationarity and isotropy / 3.1.1 (a)：
Second order (weak) stationarity and isotropy of differences from the mean / 3.1.1 (b)：
Second order (weak) stationarity and isotropy of increments / 3.1.1 (c)：
Order relationships in one and two dimensions / 3.1.2：
Population models for continuous random variables / 3.2：
Models for the mean of a spatial population / 3.2.1：
Trend surface models / 3.2.1 (a)：
Regression model / 3.2.1 (b)：
Models for second order or stochastic variation of a spatial population / 3.2.2：
Interaction models for V of a MVN distribution / 3.2.2 (a)：
Interaction models for other multivariate distributions / 3.2.2 (b)：
Direct specification of V / 3.2.2 (c)：
Intrinsic random functions / 3.2.2 (d)：
Population models for discrete random variables / 3.3：
Boundary models for spatial populations / 3.4：
Edge structures, weighting schemes and the dispersion matrix / 3.5：
Conclusions: issues in representing spatial variation / 3.6：
Simulating spatial models / Appendix：
Statistical analysis of spatial populations / 4：
Model selection / 4.1：
Statistical inference with interaction schemes / 4.2：
Parameter estimation: maximum likelihood (ML) methods / 4.2.1：
[mu] unknown; V known / 4.2.1 (a)：
[mu] known; V unknown / 4.2.1 (b)：
[mu] and V unknown / 4.2.1 (c)：
Models with non-constant variance / 4.2.1 (d)：
Parameter estimation: other methods / 4.2.2：
Ordinary least squares and pseudo-likelihood estimators / 4.2.2 (a)：
Coding estimators / 4.2.2 (b)：
Moment estimators / 4.2.2 (c)：
Parameter estimation: discrete valued interaction models / 4.2.3：
Properties of ML estimators / 4.2.4：
Large sample properties / 4.2.4 (a)：
Small sample properties / 4.2.4 (b)：
A note on boundary effects / 4.2.4 (c)：
Hypothesis testing for interaction schemes / 4.2.5：
Likelihood ratio tests / 4.2.5 (a)：
Lagrange multiplier tests / 4.2.5 (b)：
Statistical inference with covariance functions and intrinsic random functions / 4.3：
Parameter estimation: maximum likelihood methods / 4.3.1：
Properties of estimators and hypothesis testing / 4.3.2：
Validation in spatial models / 4.4：
The consequences of ignoring spatial correlation in estimating the mean / 4.5：
Spatial data collection and preliminary analysis / Part C：
Sampling spatial populations / 5：
Spatial sampling designs / 5.1：
Point sampling / 5.2.1：
Quadrat and area sampling / 5.2.2：
Sampling spatial surfaces: estimating the mean / 5.3：
Fixed populations with trend or periodicity / 5.3.1：
Populations with second order variation / 5.3.2：
Results for one-dimensional series / 5.3.2 (a)：
Results for two-dimensional surfaces / 5.3.2 (b)：
Standard errors for confidence intervals and selecting sample size / 5.3.3：
Sampling spatial surfaces: second order variation / 5.4：
Kriging / 5.4.1：
Scales of variation / 5.4.2：
Sampling applications / 5.5：
Concluding comments / 5.6：
Preliminary analysis of spatial data / 6：
Preliminary data analysis: distributional properties and spatial arrangement / 6.1：
Univariate data analysis / 6.1.1：
General distributional properties / 6.1.1 (a)：
Spatial outliers / 6.1.1 (b)：
Spatial trends / 6.1.1 (c)：
Second order non-stationarity / 6.1.1 (d)：
Regional subdivisions / 6.1.1 (e)：
Multivariate data analysis / 6.1.2：
Data transformations / 6.1.3：
Preliminary data analysis: detecting spatial pattern, testing for spatial autocorrelation / 6.2：
Available test statistics / 6.2.1：
Constructing a test / 6.2.2：
Interpretation / 6.2.3：
Choosing a test / 6.2.4：
Describing spatial variation: robust estimation of spatial variation / 6.3：
Robust estimators of the semi-variogram / 6.3.1：
Robust estimation of covariances / 6.3.2：
Concluding remarks / 6.4：
Modelling spatial data / Part D：
Analysing univariate data sets / 7：
Describing spatial variation / 7.1：
Non-stationary mean, stationary second order variation: trend surface models with correlated errors / 7.1.1：
Non-stationary mean, stationary increments: semi-variogram models and polynomial generalised covariance functions / 7.1.2：
Discrete data / 7.1.3：
Interpolation and estimating missing values / 7.2：
Ad hoc and cartographic techniques / 7.2.1：
Distribution based techniques / 7.2.2：
Sequential approaches (sampling a continuous surface) / 7.2.2 (a)：
Simultaneous approaches / 7.2.2 (b)：
Extensions / 7.2.3：
Obtaining areal properties / 7.2.3 (a)：
Reconciling data sets on different areal frameworks / 7.2.3 (b)：
Categorical data / 7.2.3 (c)：
Other information for interpolation / 7.2.3 (d)：
Analysing multivariate data sets / 8：
Measures of spatial correlation and spatial association / 8.1：
Correlation measures / 8.1.1：
Measures of association / 8.1.2：
Regression modelling / 8.2：
Problems due to the assumptions of least squares not being satisfied / 8.2.1：
Problems of model specification and analysis / 8.2.2：
Model discrimination / 8.2.2 (a)：
Specifying W / 8.2.2 (b)：
Parameter estimation and inference / 8.2.2 (c)：
Model evaluation / 8.2.2 (d)：
Interpretation problems / 8.2.3：
Problems due to data characteristics / 8.2.4：
Numerical problems / 8.2.5：
Regression applications / 8.3：
Model diagnostics and model revision (a) new explanatory variables / Example 8.1：
Model diagnostics and model revision (b) developing a spatial regression model / Example 8.2：
Regression modelling with census variables: Glasgow health data / Example 8.3：
Identifying spatial interaction and heterogeneity: Sheffield petrol price data / Example 8.4：
Robust estimation of the parameters of interaction schemes
Postscript
Glossary
References
Index
List of tables and displays
Preface
Acknowledgements
3.

電子ブック
ＥＢ
3. ISO/IEC 9945-2:19939 ANSI/IEEE Std 1003.2-1993: ISO/IEC/IEEE Internatiional Standard - Information technology--Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R)) -- Part 2: Shell and Utilities
出版情報: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Standards , IEEE, 1993
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4.

図書
図書
4. Practical applications of infrared thermal sensing and imaging equipment
Herbert Kaplan
出版情報: Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE Optical Engineering Press, c1993  xiv, 137 p. ; 26 cm
シリーズ名: Tutorial texts in optical engineering ; v. TT 13
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Preface
Basics and Instrument Overview / Part I：
Introduction / Chapter 1：
The Reasons for Using Infrared Instruments / 1.1：
Advantages of Noncontact Thermal Measurement / 1.2：
Some Historical Background / 1.3：
An Overview of This Text / 1.4：
Basics of Noncontact Thermal Measurements / Chapter 2：
Heat Transfer and Radiation Exchange Basics / 2.1：
Heat and Temperature / 2.1.1：
Converting Temperature Units / 2.1.2：
The Three Modes of Heat Transfer / 2.1.3：
Conduction / 2.1.4：
Convection / 2.1.5：
Radiation / 2.1.6：
Radiation Exchange at the Target Surface / 2.1.7：
Specular and Diffuse Surfaces / 2.1.8：
Transient Heat Exchange / 2.1.9：
The Infrared Measurement Problem / 2.2：
Noncontact Thermal Measurements / 2.2.1：
The Target Surface / 2.2.2：
The Transmitting Medium / 2.2.3：
The Measuring Instrument / 2.2.4：
Introduction to Thermal Scanning and Imaging Instruments / 2.3：
Line Scanning / 2.3.1：
Two-dimensional Scanning / 2.3.2：
Multidetector Scanners and SPRITE Technology / 2.3.3：
Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) Imagers / 2.3.4：
Pyroelectric Vidicon Thermal Imagers / 2.3.5：
Matching the Instrument to the Application / Chapter 3：
Point-Sensing Instruments / 3.1：
Scanners and Imagers--Qualitative and Quantitative / 3.2：
Performance Parameters of Imaging Radiometers / 3.2.1：
Thermal Imaging Software / 3.3：
Overview of Instruments / Chapter 4：
Introduction and Classification of Instruments / 4.1：
Instrument Manufacturers / 4.2：
Discussion of Instruments / 4.3：
Point Sensors (Radiation Thermometers) / 4.3.1：
Infrared Thermocouples and Probes / 4.3.1.1：
Portable Hand-held Group / 4.3.1.2：
On-line Monitoring and Control / 4.3.1.3：
Special / 4.3.1.4：
Line Scanners / 4.3.2：
Portable Line Scanner / 4.3.2.1：
On-line (Monitoring and Control) Line Scanners / 4.3.2.2：
Thermographic / 4.3.3：
Mechanically Scanned Thermal Viewers / 4.3.3.1：
Electronically Scanned Thermal Viewers (Pyrovidicon Imagers) / 4.3.3.2：
"Staring" FPA Thermal Viewers (Qualitative) / 4.3.3.3：
Thermographic Raster Scanners (Imaging Radiometers) / 4.3.3.4：
FPA Imaging Radiometers (Quantitative) / 4.3.3.5：
Thermal Imaging Diagnostic Software / 4.4：
Quantitative Thermal Measurements of Targets / 4.4.1：
Detailed Processing and Image Diagnostics / 4.4.2：
Image Recording, Storage and Recovery / 4.4.3：
Image Comparison / 4.4.4：
Report and Database Preparation / 4.4.5：
Recording, Hard Copy and Storage of Images and Data / 4.5：
Using Ir Sensing and Imaging Instruments / Chapter 5：
Introduction: The Thermal Behavior of the Target / 5.1：
Emissivity Difference / 5.1.1：
Reflectance Difference / 5.1.2：
Transmittance Difference / 5.1.3：
Geometric Difference / 5.1.4：
Mass Transport Difference / 5.1.5：
Phase-change Difference / 5.1.6：
Thermal Capacitance Difference / 5.1.7：
Induced Heating Difference / 5.1.8：
Energy Conversion Difference / 5.1.9：
Direct Heat Transfer Difference / 5.1.10：
Learning about the Target Environment / 5.1.11：
Preparation of Equipment for Operation / 5.2：
Calibration / 5.2.1：
Checking Calibration / 5.2.1.1：
Transfer Calibration / 5.2.1.2：
The Equipment Checklist / 5.2.2：
Equipment Checkout and Calibration / 5.2.3：
Batteries / 5.2.4：
Avoiding Common Mistakes in Instrument Operation / 5.3：
Start-up Procedure / 5.3.1：
Memorizing the Default Values / 5.3.2：
Setting the Correct Emissivity / 5.3.3：
Filling the IFOV meas for Accurate Temperature Measurements / 5.3.4：
Aiming Normal to the Target Surface / 5.3.5：
Recognizing and Avoiding Reflections from External Sources / 5.3.6：
Avoiding Radiant Heat Damage to the Instrument / 5.3.7：
Instrument Applications / Part II：
Introduction to Applications / Chapter 6：
Plant Condition Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance / Chapter 7：
Electrical / 7.1：
High Electrical Resistance / 7.2.1：
Short Circuits / 7.2.2：
Open Circuits / 7.2.3：
Inductive Currents / 7.2.4：
Energized Grounds / 7.2.5：
Condition Guidelines / 7.2.6：
Mechanical / 7.3：
Friction / 7.3.1：
Valve or Pipe Blockage/Leakage / 7.3.2：
Insulation within the Plant or Facility / 7.3.3：
Miscellaneous Applications / 7.4：
Rebar Location / 7.4.1：
Condenser Air In-leakage / 7.4.2：
Containment Spray Ring Headers / 7.4.3：
Hydrogen Igniters / 7.4.4：
Effluent Thermal Plumes / 7.4.5：
Buildings and Infrastructure / Chapter 8：
Measuring Insulating Properties / 8.1：
Considering the Total Structure / 8.3：
Industrial Roof Moisture Detection / 8.4：
Thermographic Inspection of Our Aging Infrastructure / 8.5：
Materials Testing / Chapter 9：
Materials Testing--Infrared Nondestructive Testing / 9.1：
Failure Modes and Establishment of Acceptance Criteria / 9.2：
Selecting the IR Imaging System / 9.3：
Pulsed Heat Injection Applications / 9.4：
Boiler Tube Corrosion Thinning Assessment / 9.4.1：
Infrastructure NDT / 9.5：
Product and Process Monitoring and Control / Chapter 10：
The Evolution of Noncontact Process Control / 10.1：
Full Image Process Monitoring / 10.2：
Product Monitoring of Semiconductors / 10.3：
Steel Wire Drawing Machine Monitoring / 10.4：
Full Image Process Control / 10.5：
Closing the Loop--Examples / 10.6：
Night Vision, Security and Surveillance / Chapter 11：
Nonmilitary Applications / 11.1：
Aerial and Ground (Sea) Based Search and Rescue / 11.2.1：
Firefighting / 11.2.2：
Space and Airborne Reconnaissance / 11.2.3：
Police Surveillance and Crime Detection and Security / 11.2.4：
Drivers' Aid Night Vision / 11.2.5：
Commercial Instrument Performance Characteristics / Appendix A：
Manufacturers of Ir Sensing and Imaging Instruments / Appendix B：
Generic Emissivities of Materials / Appendix C：
Preface
Basics and Instrument Overview / Part I：
Introduction / Chapter 1：
5.

図書
図書
5. Multiple bonds between metal atoms. 2nd ed
F. Albert Cotton and Richard A. Walton
出版情報: Oxford : Clarendon Press , New York : Oxford University Press, 1993  xxii, 787 p. ; 25 cm
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Introduction and Survey
Prolog / 1.1：
From Werner to the new transition metal chemistry / 1.1.1：
Prior to about 1963 / 1.1.2：
How It All Began / 1.2：
Rhenium chemistry from 1963 to 1965 / 1.2.1：
The recognition of the quadruple bond / 1.2.2：
Initial work on other elements / 1.2.3：
An Overview of the Multiple Bonds / 1.3：
A qualitative picture of the quadruple bond / 1.3.1：
Bond orders less than four / 1.3.2：
Oxidation states / 1.3.3：
Growth of the Field / 1.4：
Going Beyond Two / 1.5：
Complexes of the Group 5 Elements
General Remarks / 2.1：
Divanadium Compounds / 2.2：
Triply-bonded divanadium compounds / 2.2.1：
Metal-metal vs metal-ligand bonding / 2.2.2：
Divanadium compounds with the highly reduced V23+ core / 2.2.3：
Diniobium Compounds / 2.3：
Diniobium paddlewheel complexes / 2.3.1：
Diniobium compounds with calix[4]arene ligands and related species / 2.3.2：
Tantalum / 2.4：
Chromium Compounds
Dichromium Tetracarboxylates / 3.1：
History and preparation / 3.1.1：
Properties of carboxylate compounds / 3.1.2：
Unsolvated Cr2(O2CR)4 compounds / 3.1.3：
Other Paddlewheel Compounds / 3.2：
The first 'supershort' bonds / 3.2.1：
2-Oxopyridinate and related compounds / 3.2.2：
Carboxamidate compounds / 3.2.3：
Amidinate compounds / 3.2.4：
Guanidinate compounds / 3.2.5：
Miscellaneous Dichromium Compounds / 3.3：
Compounds with intramolecular axial interactions / 3.3.1：
Compounds with Cr-C bonds / 3.3.2：
Other pertinent results / 3.3.3：
Concluding Remarks / 3.4：
Molybdenum Compounds
Dimolybdenum Bridged by Carboxylates or Other O,O Ligands / 4.1：
General remarks / 4.1.1：
Mo2(O2CR)4 compounds / 4.1.2：
Other compounds with bridging carboxyl groups / 4.1.3：
Paddlewheels with other O,O anion bridges / 4.1.4：
Paddlewheel Compounds with O,N, N,N and Other Bridging Ligands / 4.2：
Compounds with anionic O,N bridging ligands / 4.2.1：
Compounds with anionic N,N bridging ligands / 4.2.2：
Compounds with miscellaneous other anionic bridging ligands / 4.2.3：
Non-Paddlewheel Mo24+ Compounds / 4.3：
Mo2X84- and Mo2X6(H2O)22- compounds / 4.3.1：
[Mo2X8H]3- compounds / 4.3.2：
Other aspects of dimolybdenum halogen compounds / 4.3.3：
M2X4L4 and Mo2X4(LL)2 compounds / 4.3.4：
Cationic complexes of Mo24+ / 4.3.5：
Complexes of Mo24+ with macrocyclic, polydentate and chelate ligands / 4.3.6：
Alkoxide compounds of the types Mo2(OR)4L4 and Mo2(OR)4(LL)2 / 4.3.7：
Other Aspects of Mo24+ Chemistry / 4.4：
Cleavage of Mo24+ compounds / 4.4.1：
Redox behavior of Mo24+ compounds / 4.4.2：
Hydrides and organometallics / 4.4.3：
Heteronuclear Mo-M compounds / 4.4.4：
An overview of Mo-Mo bond lengths in Mo24+ compounds / 4.4.5：
Higher-order Arrays of Dimolybdenum Units / 4.5：
General concepts / 4.5.1：
Two linked pairs with carboxylate spectator ligands / 4.5.2：
Two linked pairs with nonlabile spectator ligands / 4.5.3：
Squares: four linked pairs / 4.5.4：
Loops: two pairs doubly linked / 4.5.5：
Rectangular cyclic quartets / 4.5.6：
Other structural types / 4.5.7：
Tungsten Compounds
Multiple Bonds in Ditungsten Compounds / 5.1：
The W24+ Tetracarboxylates / 5.2：
W24+ Complexes Containing Anionic Bridging Ligands Other Than Carboxylate / 5.3：
W24+ Complexes without Bridging Ligands / 5.4：
Compounds coordinated by only anionic ligands / 5.4.1：
Compounds coordinated by four anionic ligands and four neutral ligands / 5.4.2：
Multiple Bonds in Heteronuclear Dimetal Compounds of Molybdenum and Tungsten / 5.5：
Paddlewheel Compounds with W25+ or W26+ Cores / 5.6：
X3 M ≡ MX3 Compounds of Molybdenum and Tungsten
Introduction / 6.1：
Homoleptic X3M ≡ MX3 Compounds / 6.2：
Synthesis and characterization of homoleptic M2X6 compounds / 6.2.1：
Bonding in M2X6 compounds / 6.2.2：
X3M ≡ MX3 Compounds as Molecular Precursors to Extended Solids / 6.2.3：
M2X2(NMe2)4 and M2X4(NMe2)2 Compounds / 6.3：
Other M2X2Y4, M2X6-n Yn and Related Compounds / 6.4：
Mo2X2(CH2SiMe3)4 compounds / 6.4.1：
1,2-M2R2(NMe2)4 compounds and their derivatives / 6.4.2：
M4 Complexes: Clusters or Dimers? / 6.5：
Molybdenum and tungsten twelve-electron clusters M4(OR)12 / 6.5.1：
M4X4(OPri)8 (X = Cl, Br) and Mo4Br3(OPri)9 / 6.5.2：
W4 (p-tolyl)2 (OPri)10 / 6.5.3：
W4O(X)(OPri)9, (X = Cl or OPri) / 6.5.4：
K(18-crown-6)2Mo4(μ4-H)(OCH2But)12 / 6.5.5：
Linked M4 units containing localized MM triple bonds / 6.5.6：
M2X6L, M2X6L2 and Related Compounds / 6.6：
Mo2(CH2Ph)2(OPri)4(PMe3) and [Mo2(OR)7]- / 6.6.1：
M2(OR)6L2 compounds and their congeners / 6.6.2：
Amido-containing compounds / 6.6.3：
Mo2Br2(CHSiMe3)2(PMe3)4 / 6.6.4：
Calix[4]arene complexes / 6.6.5：
Triple Bonds Uniting Five- and Six-Coordinate Metal Atoms / 6.7：
Redox Reactions at the M26+ Unit / 6.8：
Organometallic Chemistry of M2(OR)6 and Related Compounds / 6.9：
Carbonyl adducts and their products / 6.9.1：
Isocyanide complexes / 6.9.2：
Reactions with alkynes / 6.9.3：
Reactions with C≡N bonds / 6.9.4：
Reactions with C=C bonds / 6.9.5：
Reactions with H2 / 6.9.6：
Reactions with organometallic compounds / 6.9.7：
(η-C5H4R)2W2X4 compounds where R = Me, Pri and X = Cl, Br / 6.9.8：
Conclusion / 6.10：
Technetium Compounds
Synthesis and Properties of Technetium / 7.1：
Preparation of Dinuclear and Polynuclear Technetium Compounds / 7.2：
Bonds of Order 4 and 3.5 / 7.3：
Tc26+ and Tc25+ Carboxylates and Related Species with Bridging Ligands / 7.4：
Bonds of Order 3 / 7.5：
Hexanuclear and Octanuclear Technetium Clusters / 7.6：
Rhenium Compounds
The Last Naturally Occurring Element to Be Discovered / 8.1：
Synthesis and Structure of the Octachlorodirhenate(III) Anion / 8.2：
Synthesis and Structure of the Other Octahalodirhenate(III) Anions / 8.3：
Substitution Reactions of the Octahalodirhenate(III) Anions that Proceed with Retention of the Re26+ Core / 8.4：
Monodentate anionic ligands / 8.4.1：
The dirhenium(III) carboxylates / 8.4.2：
Other anionic ligands / 8.4.3：
Neutral ligands / 8.4.4：
Dirhenium Compounds with Bonds of Order 3.5 and 3 / 8.5：
The first metal-metal triple bond: Re2Cl5(CH3SCH2CH2SCH3)2 and related species / 8.5.1：
Simple electron-transfer chemistry involving the octahalodirhenate(III) anions and related species that contain quadruple bonds / 8.5.2：
Oxidation of [Re2X8]2- to the nonahalodirhenate anions [Re2X9]n- (n = 1 or 2) / 8.5.3：
Re25+ and Re24+ halide complexes that contain phosphine ligands / 8.5.4：
Other Re25+ and Re24+ complexes / 8.5.5：
Other dirhenium compounds with triple bonds / 8.5.6：
Dirhenium Compounds with Bonds of Order Less than 3 / 8.6：
Cleavage of Re-Re Multiple Bonds by o-donor and π-acceptor Ligands / 8.7：
σ-Donor ligands / 8.7.1：
Jπ-Acceptor ligands / 8.7.2：
Other Types of Multiply Bonded Dirhenium Compounds / 8.8：
Postscript on Recent Developments / 8.9：
Ruthenium Compounds
Ru25+ Compounds / 9.1：
Ru25+ compounds with O,O′-donor bridging ligands / 9.2.1：
Ru25+ compounds with N,O-donor bridging ligands / 9.2.2：
Ru25+ compounds with N,N′-donor bridging ligands / 9.2.3：
Ru24+ Compounds / 9.3：
Ru24+ compounds with O,O′-donor bridging ligands / 9.3.1：
Ru24+ compounds with N,O-donor bridging ligands / 9.3.2：
Ru24+ compounds with N,N′-donor bridging ligands / 9.3.3：
Ru26+ Compounds / 9.4：
Ru26+ compounds with O,O′-donor bridging ligands / 9.4.1：
Ru26+ compounds with N,N′-donor bridging ligands / 9.4.2：
Compounds with Macrocyclic Ligands / 9.5：
Applications / 9.6：
Catalytic activity / 9.6.1：
Biological importance / 9.6.2：
Osmium Compounds
Syntheses, Structures and Reactivity of Os26+ Compounds / 10.1：
Syntheses and Structures of Os25+ Compounds / 10.2：
Syntheses and Structures of Other Os2 Compounds / 10.3：
Magnetism, Electronic Structures, and Spectroscopy / 10.4：
Iron, Cobalt and Iridium Compounds / 10.5：
Di-iron Compounds / 11.1：
Dicobalt Compounds / 11.3：
Tetragonal paddlewheel compounds / 11.3.1：
Trigonal paddlewheel compounds / 11.3.2：
Dicobalt compounds with unsupported bonds / 11.3.3：
Compounds with chains of cobalt atoms / 11.3.4：
Di-iridium Compounds / 11.4：
Paddlewheel compounds and related species / 11.4.1：
Unsupported Ir-Ir bonds / 11.4.2：
Other species with Ir-Ir bonds / 11.4.3：
Iridium blues / 11.4.4：
Rhodium Compounds
Dirhodium Tetracarboxylato Compounds / 12.1：
Preparative methods and classification / 12.2.1：
Structural studies / 12.2.2：
Other Dirhodium Compounds Containing Bridging Ligands / 12.3：
Complexes with fewer than four carboxylate bridging groups / 12.3.1：
Complexes supported by hydroxypyridinato, carboxamidato and other (N, O) donor monoanionic bridging groups / 12.3.2：
Complexes supported by amidinato and other (N, N) donor bridging groups / 12.3.3：
Complexes supported by sulfur donor bridging ligands / 12.3.4：
Complexes supported by phosphine and (P, N) donor bridging ligands / 12.3.5：
Complexes supported by carbonate, sulfate and phosphate bridging groups / 12.3.6：
Dirhodium Compounds with Unsupported Rh-Rh Bonds / 12.4：
The dirhodium(II) aquo ion / 12.4.1：
The [Rh2(NCR)10]4+ cations / 12.4.2：
Complexes with chelating and macrocyclic nitrogen ligands / 12.4.3：
Other Dirhodium Compounds / 12.5：
Complexes with isocyanide ligands / 12.5.1：
Rhodium blues / 12.5.2：
Reactions of Rh24+ Compounds / 12.6：
Oxidation to Rh25+ and Rh26+ species / 12.6.1：
Cleavage of the Rh-Rh bond / 12.6.2：
Applications of Dirhodium Compounds / 12.7：
Catalysis / 12.7.1：
Supramolecular arrays based on dirhodium building blocks / 12.7.2：
Biological applications of dirhodium compounds / 12.7.3：
Photocatalytic reactions / 12.7.4：
Other applications / 12.7.5：
Chiral Dirhodium(II) Catalysts and Their Applications
Synthetic and Structural Aspects of Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxamidates / 13.1：
Synthetic and Structural Aspects of Dirhodium(II) Complexes Bearing Orthometalated Phosphines / 13.3：
Dirhodium(II) Compounds as Catalysts / 13.4：
Catalysis of Diazo Decomposition / 13.5：
Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxylates / 13.6：
Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxamidates / 13.7：
Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanation and Cyclopropenation / 13.8：
Intramolecular reactions / 13.8.1：
Intermolecular reactions / 13.8.2：
Cyclopropenation / 13.8.3：
Macrocyclization / 13.8.4：
Metal Carbene Carbon-Hydrogen Insertion / 13.9：
Catalytic Ylide Formation and Reactions / 13.9.1：
Additional Transformations of Diazo Compounds Catalyzed by Dirhodium(II) / 13.11：
Silicon-Hydrogen Insertion / 13.12：
Nickel, Palladium and Platinum Compounds
Dinickel Compounds / 14.1：
Dipalladium Compounds / 14.3：
A singly bonded Pd26+ species / 14.3.1：
Chemistry of Pd25+ and similar species / 14.3.2：
Other compounds with Pd-Pd interactions / 14.3.3：
Diplatinum Compounds / 14.4：
Complexes with sulfate and phosphate bridges / 14.4.1：
Complexes with pyrophosphite and related ligands / 14.4.2：
Complexes with carboxylate, formamidinate and related ligands / 14.4.3：
Complexes containing monoanionic bridging ligands with N,O and N,S donor sets / 14.4.4：
Unsupported Pt-Pt bonds / 14.4.5：
Dinuclear Pt25+ species / 14.4.6：
The platinum blues / 14.4.7：
Other compounds
Extended Metal Atom Chains
Overview / 15.1：
EMACs of Chromium / 15.2：
EMACs of Cobalt / 15.3：
EMACs of Nickel and Copper / 15.4：
EMACs of Ruthenium and Rhodium / 15.5：
Other Metal Atom Chains / 15.6：
Physical, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Results
Structural Correlations / 16.1：
Bond orders and bond lengths / 16.1.1：
Internal rotation / 16.1.2：
Axial ligands / 16.1.3：
Comparison of second and third transition series homologs / 16.1.4：
Disorder in crystals / 16.1.5：
Rearrangements of M2X8 type molecules / 16.1.6：
Diamagnetic anisotropy of M-M multiple bonds / 16.1.7：
Thermodynamics / 16.2：
Thermochemical data / 16.2.1：
Bond energies / 16.2.2：
Electronic Structure Calculations / 16.3：
Background / 16.3.1：
[M2X8]n- and M2X4(PR3)4 species / 16.3.2：
The M2(O2CR)4 (M = Cr, Mo, W) molecules / 16.3.3：
M2(O2CR)4R′2 (M = Mo, W) compounds / 16.3.4：
Dirhodium species / 16.3.5：
Diruthenium compounds / 16.3.6：
M2X6 molecules (M = Mo, W) / 16.3.7：
Other calculations / 16.3.8：
Electronic Spectra / 16.4：
Details of the δ manifold of states / 16.4.1：
Observed δ → δ* transitions / 16.4.2：
Other electronic absorption bands of Mo2, W2, Tc2 and Re2 species / 16.4.3：
Spectra of Rh2, Pt2, Ru2 and Os2 compounds / 16.4.4：
CD and ORD spectra / 16.4.5：
Excited state distortions inferred from vibronic structure / 16.4.6：
Emission spectra and photochemistry / 16.4.7：
Photoelectron Spectra / 16.5：
Paddlewheel molecules / 16.5.1：
Other tetragonal molecules / 16.5.2：
M2X6 molecules / 16.5.3：
Miscellaneous other PES results / 16.5.4：
Vibrational Spectra / 16.6：
M-M stretching vibrations / 16.6.1：
M-L stretching vibrations / 16.6.2：
Other types of Spectra / 16.7：
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance / 16.7.1：
X-Ray spectra, EXAFS, and XPS / 16.7.2：
Abbreviations
Index
Introduction and Survey
Prolog / 1.1：
From Werner to the new transition metal chemistry / 1.1.1：
6.

図書

東工大
目次DB
図書
東工大
目次DB
6. Earthquake motion and ground conditions : in commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Research Subcommittee on Earthquake Ground Motion, the Architectural Institute of Japan
edited and published by the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ)
出版情報: Tokyo : The Architectural Institute of Japan, 1993  4, 5, 596 p. ; 26 cm
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Preface
AIJ Committee Members
Editors and Authors
PART I. FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF EARTHQUAKE MOTION
   1. Earthquake Source Mechanisms and Their Characteristics 1
   1.1 Overview of earthquake sources [R. Inoue, K. Shimazaki, and M. Takeo] 2
   1.1.1 Fault models 2
   1.1.2 Quantification of earthquakes 9
   1.1.3 Seismicity 15
   1.1.4 Earthquakes and active faults 19
   1.2 Earthquake source spectrum from complex faulting processes [J. Koyama] 22
   1.2.1 Earthquake source spectra 22
   1.2.2 Acceleration spectra 35
   1.2.3 Earthquake magnitude and complex faulting processes 45
   2. Propagation and Attenuation of Seismic Waves 65
   2.1 Observed attenuation of seismic waves [M. Takemura] 65
   2.1.1 Definition of a Q-value 65
   2.1.2 Evaluation of Q-values from observed records 66
   2.1.3 Attenuation curves 73
   2.2 Seismic wave propagation in a homogeneous random medium [M. Kawano] 79
   2.2.1 Review of the problems 79
   2.2.2 Effective wave number 80
   2.2.3 Average wave motion 81
   2.2.4 Numerical example 82
   3. Amplification of Seismic Waves 97
   3.1 Amplification of body waves [J. Shibuya] 98
   3.1.1 Effects of local site conditions on damages and earthquake motion 98
   3.1.2 Body waves in layered media 102
   3.1.3 Nonlinear response of soil layers 105
   3.2 Excitation of surface waves in multilayered ground [S. Noda] 106
   3.2.1 Significance of surface waves 106
   3.2.2 Surface waves in layered media 107
   3.2.3 Spatial and temporal variation of earthquake motion 111
   3.2.4 Simulation of surface waves 112
   3.2.5 Site amplification factors 115
   3.3 Effects of surface and subsurface irregularities [H. Kawase] 118
   3.3.1 Various types of irregularities 118
   3.3.2 Material heterogeneity 119
   3.3.3 Input wave type 120
   3.3.4 Surface irregularities 120
   3.3.5 Subsurface irregularities 134
   4. Intensity of Earthquake Motion 157
   4.1 Ground motion severity measures and structure damage [S.Midorikawa] 157
   4.1.1 Ground motion severity measures 157
   4.1.2 Damage and ground motion intensity 161
   4.2 Seismic intensity distribution of large earthquakes [H. Kagami] 166
   4.2.1 Spatial patterns of isoseismals and factors affecting them 167
   4.2.2 Utilization of seismic intensity data 172
   4.3 Seismic intensity measurement and its application [S. Okada] 176
   4.3.1 Advantage of using seismic intensity measurements 176
   4.3.2 Seismic intensity scales 177
   4.3.3 Prospects of an advanced seismic intensity scale 184
   4.3.4 Seismic intensity measurements as the key to seismic disaster management 184
PART II. EARTHQUAKE MOTION OBSERVATION AND GEOTECHNICAL SURVEY
   1. Observation of Strong Ground Motion 191
   1.1 Historical review, instrumentation, and observation system [Y. Kitagawa] 191
   1.1.1 Strong ground motion accelerographs 191
   1.1.2 Observation of subsurface earthquake motion 198
   1.2 Array observation of strong ground motion [K. Kudo and T. Tanaka] 199
   1.2.1 Brief historical review 199
   1.2.2 Purpose and method 200
   1.2.3 Examples 201
   1.3 Data processing and databases for strong motion records [S. Sugito] 206
   1.3.1 Digitization and correction 206
   1.3.2 Databases 211
   1.3.3 Current situation regarding the release of data in Japan 216
   1.4 Application of strong ground motion records and future tasks [K. Ishida and M. Tohdo] 217
   1.4.1 Application of strong ground motion records 217
   1.4.2 Future tasks of strong motion recording systems 225
   1.4.3 Future development of a world-wide data exchange system 227
   2. Subsurface Investigation and Soil Dynamics 231
   2.1 Geophysical properties and soil investigation [N. Yoshida] 231
   2.1.1 In-situ tests 232
   2.1.2 Laboratory tests 234
   2.2 Deformation characteristics of soils [N. Yoshida] 237
   2.2.1 Evaluation at small strains 238
   2.2.2 Evaluation at large strains 242
   2.2.3 Strength characteristics 246
   2.3 Modeling the stress-strain relationship of soils [N. Yoshida] 250
   2.3.1 1-dimensional analysis 250
   2.3.2 2- and 3-dimensional analysis 255
   2.3.3 Equivalent linear method 256
   2.4 Soil liquefaction [N. Yoshida] 258
   2.4.1 Mechanism of liquefaction 258
   2.4.2 Damage caused by soil liquefaction 259
   2.4.3 Evaluation of liquefaction potential 261
   2.4.4 Effective stress analysis for liquefaction 266
   2.4.5 Liquefaction-induced large ground displacement 271
   3. Survey of Deep Subsurface Structure 277
   3.1 Artificial seismic sources [H. Yamanaka] 277
   3.2 Surveying methods [H. Yamanaka and S. Zama] 281
   3.2.1 Seismic refraction method 281
   3.2.2 Seismic reflection method 283
   3.2.3 Other geophysical methods 288
   3.3 Exploration results in Japan [S. Zama] 292
   3.3.1 Examples 292
   3.3.2 Comparison of exploration results obtained by different methods 300
   3.4 Applications to earthquake engineering problems [H. Yamanaka] 304
   3.5 Future prospects [K. Seo] 308
   4. Measurement of Microtremors 315
   4.1 Microtremor or microvibration [N. Taga] 315
   4.1.1 Definition 315
   4.1.2 Measurement 315
   4.1.3 Nature 317
   4.1.4 Applications 319
   4.1.5 Examples 322
   4.1.6 Special cases 323
   4.2 Long-period microtremors [H. Kagami] 324
   4.2.1 Observation scheme 324
   4.2.2 Analysis and interpretation 325
PART III. PREDICTION OF STRONG GROUND MOTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
   1. Simulation and Prediction of Strong Ground Motion 335
   1.1 Theoretical approach [K. Irikura and T. Iwata] 335
   1.1.1 Basic theory for simulating ground motion 335
   1.1.2 Characterization of earthquake ground motions 337
   1.1.3 Numerical simulations of earthquake ground motions 345
   1.2 Semi-empirical approach [K. Irikura, T. Iwata, and M. Takemura] 349
   1.2.1 Basic theory and review 349
   1.2.2 Modeling of heterogeneous faulting 363
   1.2.3 Stochastic modeling and scaling relation of strong motion spectra 370
   1.3 Empirical approach [M. Takemura] 377
   1.3.1 Attenuation curves in near-source regions 377
   1.3.2 Duration time of strong ground motion 383
   1.3.3 Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motion 386
   2. Effects of Surface Geology on Strong Ground Motion 395
   2.1 General review of site effects studies [M. Motosaka and T. Ohta] 395
   2.1.1 Effects of soil irregularity and heterogeneity on strong ground motion 395
   2.1.2 Average characteristics and effects of surface geology 402
   2.2 Effects of surface geology on strong motion during destructive earthquakes [Y. Hisada and S. Midorikawa] 406
   2.2.1 Strong ground motion in Mexico City during the 1985 Mexico earthquake 406
   2.2.2 Strong ground motion during the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake 412
   2.3 International experiments on ground motion prediction [C. Cramer and K. Kudo] 416
   2.3.1 The Turkey Flat, California, experiment 416
   2.3.2 The Ashigara Valley, Japan, experiment 420
   3. Seismic Zonation 435
   3.1 Seismic macrozonation [H. Murakami] 435
   3.1.1 Purpose and overview of macrozonation 435
   3.1.2 Statistical and probabilistic approach 437
   3.1.3 An approach that reflects geological fault information 439
   3.1.4 Linkage to microzonation and future research needs 442
   3.2 Seismic microzonation map [H. Kagami] 443
   3.2.1 Evaluation of seismic input motions and ground failure 443
   3.2.2 Risk zonation map 448
   3.2.3 Recent trends and future problems 453
   3.3 Seismic zonation and earthquake risk management [M. Naganoh] 455
   3.3.1 Critical need for earthquake risk management 455
   3.3.2 Seismic disaster processes 456
   3.3.3 Damage assessment and earthquake planning scenarios 458
   3.3.4 Countermeasures and studies implemented by the government 463
   3.3.5 Countermeasures and studies implemented by the business community 464
   3.3.6 Urban disaster prevention planning 465
   4. Strong Ground Motion in Seismic Design 471
   4.1 Seismic design in current codes [S. Nagahashi, M. Tohdo, K. Wakamatsu, and M. Yamada] 471
   4.1.1 Philosophy behind earthquake resistant design 471
   4.1.2 The Building Standard Law of Japan 472
   4.1.3 High-rise buildings 476
   4.1.4 Specialized buildings 479
   4.2 Approaches to new seismic design codes [M. Hisano, Y. Inoue, M. Kawano, M. Niwa, S. Ohba, T. Ohta, M. Tohdo, K. Ukai, and H. Yokota] 481
   4.2.1 Strong ground motion in seismic design in Japan 481
   4.2.2 Strong ground motion in the Tokyo bay area 483
   4.2.3 Strong ground motion in the Osaka bay area 491
   4.2.4 Strong ground motion for new types of buildings 499
   4.3 Needs and prospects for design earthquake motion [K. Hagio] 502
APPENDICES : FINDINGS FROM RECENT EARTHQUAKES
   A1. Overview [H. Kagami] 507
   A2. Lessons learned from the destructive damage of recent earthquakes in Japan [N. Taga] 515
   A3. Accumulation of strong ground motion records in Japan [T. Watanabe] 527
   A4. Review of recent earthquakes 534
   (1) The 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake [Y. Kitagawa] 534
   (2) The 1978 Miyagiken-oki earthquake [J. Shibuya] 537
   (3) The 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake [S. Midorikawa] 542
   (4) The 1982 Urakawa-oki earthquake [H. Kagami] 546
   (5) The 1983 Nihonkai-chubu earthquake [S. Noda] 550
   (6) The 1984 Naganoken-seibu earthquake [K. Imaoka and N. Taga] 560
   (7) The 1985 Central Chile earthquake [S. Midorikawa] 565
   (8) The 1985 Michoacan-Guerrero, Mexico, earthquake [T. Ohta] 568
   (9) The 1987 Chibaken Toho-oki earthquake [S. Zama] 575
   (10) The 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake [M. Naganoh] 583
   Index 593
Preface
AIJ Committee Members
Editors and Authors
7.

図書
図書
7. Neural network learning and expert systems
Stephen I. Gallant
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c1993  xvi, 365 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Bradford book
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Foreword
Basics / I：
Introduction and Important Definitions / 1：
Why Connectionist Models? / 1.1：
The Grand Goals of Al and Its Current Impasse / 1.1.1：
The Computational Appeal of Neural Networks / 1.1.2：
The Structure of Connectionist Models / 1.2：
Network Properties / 1.2.1：
Cell Properties / 1.2.2：
Dynamic Properties / 1.2.3：
Learning Properties / 1.2.4：
Two Fundamental Models: Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP's) and Backpropagation Networks (BPN's) / 1.3：
Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP's) / 1.3.1：
Backpropagation Networks (BPN's) / 1.3.2：
Gradient Descent / 1.4：
The Algorithm / 1.4.1：
Practical Problems / 1.4.2：
Comments / 1.4.3：
Historic and Bibliographic Notes / 1.5：
Early Work / 1.5.1：
The Decline of the Perceptron / 1.5.2：
The Rise of Connectionist Research / 1.5.3：
Other Bibliographic Notes / 1.5.4：
Exercises / 1.6：
Programming Project / 1.7：
Representation Issues / 2：
Representing Boolean Functions / 2.1：
Equivalence of {+1, -1,0} and {1,0} Forms / 2.1.1：
Single-Cell Models / 2.1.2：
Nonseparable Functions / 2.1.3：
Representing Arbitrary Boolean Functions / 2.1.4：
Representing Boolean Functions Using Continuous Connectionist Models / 2.1.5：
Distributed Representations / 2.2：
Definition / 2.2.1：
Storage Efficiency and Resistance to Error / 2.2.2：
Superposition / 2.2.3：
Learning / 2.2.4：
Feature Spaces and ISA Relations / 2.3：
Feature Spaces / 2.3.1：
Concept-Function Unification / 2.3.2：
ISA Relations / 2.3.3：
Binding / 2.3.4：
Representing Real-Valued Functions / 2.4：
Approximating Real Numbers by Collections of Discrete Cells / 2.4.1：
Precision / 2.4.2：
Approximating Real Numbers by Collections of Continuous Cells / 2.4.3：
Example: Taxtime! / 2.5：
Programming Projects / 2.6：
Learning In Single-Layer Models / II：
Perceptron Learning and the Pocket Algorithm / 3：
Perceptron Learning for Separable Sets of Training Examples / 3.1：
Statement of the Problem / 3.1.1：
Computing the Bias / 3.1.2：
The Perceptron Learning Algorithm / 3.1.3：
Perceptron Convergence Theorem / 3.1.4：
The Perceptron Cycling Theorem / 3.1.5：
The Pocket Algorithm for Nonseparable Sets of Training Examples / 3.2：
Problem Statement / 3.2.1：
Perceptron Learning Is Poorly Behaved / 3.2.2：
The Pocket Algorithm / 3.2.3：
Ratchets / 3.2.4：
Examples / 3.2.5：
Noisy and Contradictory Sets of Training Examples / 3.2.6：
Rules / 3.2.7：
Implementation Considerations / 3.2.8：
Proof of the Pocket Convergence Theorem / 3.2.9：
Khachiyan's Linear Programming Algorithm / 3.3：
Winner-Take-All Groups or Linear Machines / 3.4：
Generalizes Single-Cell Models / 4.1：
Perceptron Learning for Winner-Take-All Groups / 4.2：
The Pocket Algorithm for Winner-Take-All Groups / 4.3：
Kessler's Construction, Perceptron Cycling, and the Pocket Algorithm Proof / 4.4：
Independent Training / 4.5：
Autoassociators and One-Shot Learning / 4.6：
Linear Autoassociators and the Outer-Product Training Rule / 5.1：
Anderson's BSB Model / 5.2：
Hopfieid's Model / 5.3：
Energy / 5.3.1：
The Traveling Salesman Problem / 5.4：
The Cohen-Grossberg Theorem / 5.5：
Kanerva's Model / 5.6：
Autoassociative Filtering for Feedforward Networks / 5.7：
Concluding Remarks / 5.8：
Mean Squared Error (MSE) Algorithms / 5.9：
Motivation / 6.1：
MSE Approximations / 6.2：
The Widrow-Hoff Rule or LMS Algorithm / 6.3：
Number of Training Examples Required / 6.3.1：
Adaline / 6.4：
Adaptive Noise Cancellation / 6.5：
Decision-Directed Learning / 6.6：
Unsupervised Learning / 6.7：
Introduction / 7.1：
No Teacher / 7.1.1：
Clustering Algorithms / 7.1.2：
k-Means Clustering / 7.2：
Topology-Preserving Maps / 7.2.1：
Example / 7.3.1：
Demonstrations / 7.3.4：
Dimensionality, Neighborhood Size, and Final Comments / 7.3.5：
Art1 / 7.4：
Important Aspects of the Algorithm / 7.4.1：
Art2 / 7.4.2：
Using Clustering Algorithms for Supervised Learning / 7.6：
Labeling Clusters / 7.6.1：
ARTMAP or Supervised ART / 7.6.2：
Learning In Multilayer Models / 7.7：
The Distributed Method and Radial Basis Functions / 8：
Rosenblatt's Approach / 8.1：
The Distributed Method / 8.2：
Cover's Formula / 8.2.1：
Robustness-Preserving Functions / 8.2.2：
Hepatobiliary Data / 8.3：
Artificial Data / 8.3.2：
How Many Cells? / 8.4：
Pruning Data / 8.4.1：
Leave-One-Out / 8.4.2：
Radial Basis Functions / 8.5：
A Variant: The Anchor Algorithm / 8.6：
Scaling, Multiple Outputs, and Parallelism / 8.7：
Scaling Properties / 8.7.1：
Multiple Outputs and Parallelism / 8.7.2：
A Computational Speedup for Learning / 8.7.3：
Computational Learning Theory and the BRD Algorithm / 8.7.4：
Introduction to Computational Learning Theory / 9.1：
PAC-Learning / 9.1.1：
Bounded Distributed Connectionist Networks / 9.1.2：
Probabilistic Bounded Distributed Concepts / 9.1.3：
A Learning Algorithm for Probabilistic Bounded Distributed Concepts / 9.2：
The BRD Theorem / 9.3：
Polynomial Learning / 9.3.1：
Noisy Data and Fallback Estimates / 9.4：
Vapnik-Chervonenkis Bounds / 9.4.1：
Hoeffding and Chernoff Bounds / 9.4.2：
Pocket Algorithm / 9.4.3：
Additional Training Examples / 9.4.4：
Bounds for Single-Layer Algorithms / 9.5：
Fitting Data by Limiting the Number of Iterations / 9.6：
Discussion / 9.7：
Exercise / 9.8：
Constructive Algorithms / 9.9：
The Tower and Pyramid Algorithms / 10.1：
The Tower Algorithm / 10.1.1：
Proof of Convergence / 10.1.2：
A Computational Speedup / 10.1.4：
The Pyramid Algorithm / 10.1.5：
The Cascade-Correlation Algorithm / 10.2：
The Tiling Algorithm / 10.3：
The Upstart Algorithm / 10.4：
Other Constructive Algorithms and Pruning / 10.5：
Easy Learning Problems / 10.6：
Decomposition / 10.6.1：
Expandable Network Problems / 10.6.2：
Limits of Easy Learning / 10.6.3：
Backpropagation / 10.7：
The Backpropagation Algorithm / 11.1：
Statement of the Algorithm / 11.1.1：
A Numerical Example / 11.1.2：
Derivation / 11.2：
Practical Considerations / 11.3：
Determination of Correct Outputs / 11.3.1：
Initial Weights / 11.3.2：
Choice of r / 11.3.3：
Momentum / 11.3.4：
Network Topology / 11.3.5：
Local Minima / 11.3.6：
Activations in [0,1] versus [-1, 1] / 11.3.7：
Update after Every Training Example / 11.3.8：
Other Squashing Functions / 11.3.9：
NP-Completeness / 11.4：
Overuse / 11.5：
Interesting Intermediate Cells / 11.5.2：
Continuous Outputs / 11.5.3：
Probability Outputs / 11.5.4：
Using Backpropagation to Train Multilayer Perceptrons / 11.5.5：
Backpropagation: Variations and Applications / 11.6：
NETtalk / 12.1：
Input and Output Representations / 12.1.1：
Experiments / 12.1.2：
Backpropagation through Time / 12.1.3：
Handwritten Character Recognition / 12.3：
Neocognitron Architecture / 12.3.1：
The Network / 12.3.2：
Robot Manipulator with Excess Degrees of Freedom / 12.3.3：
The Problem / 12.4.1：
Training the Inverse Network / 12.4.2：
Plan Units / 12.4.3：
Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann Machines / 12.4.4：
Simulated Annealing / 13.1：
Boltzmann Machines / 13.2：
The Boltzmann Model / 13.2.1：
Boltzmann Learning / 13.2.2：
The Boltzmann Algorithm and Noise Clamping / 13.2.3：
Example: The 4-2-4 Encoder Problem / 13.2.4：
Remarks / 13.3：
Neural Network Expert Systems / 13.4：
Expert Systems and Neural Networks / 14：
Expert Systems / 14.1：
What Is an Expert System? / 14.1.1：
Why Expert Systems? / 14.1.2：
Historically Important Expert Systems / 14.1.3：
Critique of Conventional Expert Systems / 14.1.4：
Neural Network Decision Systems / 14.2：
Example: Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Occlusion / 14.2.1：
Example: Autonomous Navigation / 14.2.2：
Other Examples / 14.2.3：
Decision Systems versus Expert Systems / 14.2.4：
MACIE, and an Example Problem / 14.3：
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Sarcophagal Disease / 14.3.1：
Network Generation / 14.3.2：
Sample Run of Macie / 14.3.3：
Real-Valued Variables and Winner-Take-All Groups / 14.3.4：
Not-Yet-Known versus Unavailable Variables / 14.3.5：
Applicability of Neural Network Expert Systems / 14.4：
Details of the MACIE System / 14.5：
Inferencing and Forward Chaining / 15.1：
Discrete Multilayer Perceptron Models / 15.1.1：
Continuous Variables / 15.1.2：
Winner-Take-All Groups / 15.1.3：
Using Prior Probabilities for More Aggressive Inferencing / 15.1.4：
Confidence Estimation / 15.2：
A Confidence Heuristic Prior to Inference / 15.2.1：
Confidence in Inferences / 15.2.2：
Information Acquisition and Backward Chaining / 15.3：
Concluding Comment / 15.4：
Noise, Redundancy, Fault Detection, and Bayesian Decision Theory / 15.5：
The High Tech Lemonade Corporation's Problem / 16.1：
The Deep Model and the Noise Model / 16.2：
Generating the Expert System / 16.3：
Probabilistic Analysis / 16.4：
Noisy Single-Pattern Boolean Fault Detection Problems / 16.5：
Convergence Theorem / 16.6：
Extracting Rules from networks / 16.7：
Why Rules? / 17.1：
What Kind of Rules? / 17.2：
Criteria / 17.2.1：
Inference Justifications versus Rule Sets / 17.2.2：
Which Variables in Conditions / 17.2.3：
Inference Justifications / 17.3：
MACIE's Algorithm / 17.3.1：
The Removal Algorithm / 17.3.2：
Key Factor Justifications / 17.3.3：
Justifications for Continuous Models / 17.3.4：
Rule Sets / 17.4：
Limiting the Number of Conditions / 17.4.1：
Approximating Rules / 17.4.2：
Conventional + Neural Network Expert Systems / 17.5：
Debugging an Expert System Knowledge Base / 17.5.1：
The Short-Rule Debugging Cycle / 17.5.2：
Appendix Representation Comparisons / 17.6：
DNF Expressions / A.1 DNF Expressions and Polynomial Representability：
Polynomial Representability / A.1.2：
Space Comparison of MLP and DNF Representations / A.1.3：
Speed Comparison of MLP and DNF Representations / A.1.4：
MLP versus DNF Representations / A.1.5：
Decision Trees / A.2：
Representing Decision Trees by MLP's / A.2.1：
Speed Comparison / A.2.2：
Decision Trees versus MLP's / A.2.3：
p-lDiagrams / A.3：
Symmetric Functions and Depth Complexity / A.4：
Bibliography / A.5：
Index
Foreword
Basics / I：
Introduction and Important Definitions / 1：
8.

図書
図書
8. ANTEC 93 : Be in that number : conference proceedings : New Orleans, May 9-13, 1993 (v. 1 ; v. 2 ; v. 3)
ANTEC ; Society of Plastics Engineers
出版情報: Brookfield Center, CT : Society of Plastics Engineers, c1993  3 v. ; 28 cm
シリーズ名: Technical papers / Society of Plastic Engineers ; v. 39
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9.

図書
図書
9. Computational electromagnetics
Korada Umashankar, Allen Taflove
出版情報: Boston : Artech House, c1993  viii, 717 p. ; 24 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / Chapter 1：
Historical Sketch / 1.1：
High-Frequency Diffraction Theory / 1.1.1：
Wave Interactions at Low and Moderate Frequencies / 1.1.2：
Hybrid and Iterative Formulations / 1.1.3：
Finite-Difference Formulation / 1.1.4：
Finite-Element Formulation / 1.1.5：
Overall Perspective / 1.1.6：
Synopsis of Contemporary Approaches / 1.2：
Categorization of Approaches / 1.2.1：
Direct Time-Domain Techniques / 1.2.2：
Direct Frequency-Domain Techniques / 1.2.3：
High-Frequency Diffraction Techniques / 1.2.4：
Assessment of General Applicability / 1.3：
Maxwell's Equations / Chapter 2：
Charge Density Distributions / 2.1：
Electric Current Density / 2.1.1：
Electric Current Density Distributions / 2.1.2：
Continuity Equation / 2.2：
Maxwell's Equations--Time Domain / 2.3：
Summary of Electromagnetic Field Equations--Time Domain / 2.4：
Gauss's Law for Electromagnetic Fields / 2.5：
Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions / 2.6：
Boundary Conditions for Tangential Components / 2.6.1：
Boundary Conditions for Normal Components / 2.6.2：
Power and Energy Stored / 2.7：
Plane Wave Solution / 2.8：
Wave Equation / 2.8.1：
Solution to the Wave Equation / 2.9：
Vector Plane Wave Fields / 2.10：
Properties of Plane Wave Fields / 2.11：
Intrinsic Impedance of the Medium / 2.11.1：
One-Dimensional Field Problem / 2.12：
Electromagnetic Fields in a Lossy Medium / 2.12.1：
Finite-Difference Numerical Solution / 2.12.2：
Propagation of a Half-Sine Pulse / 2.12.3：
Frequency Domain / 2.13：
Sources in Frequency Domain / 2.14：
Maxwell's Equations in the Frequency Domain / 2.14.1：
Boundary Conditions in the Frequency Domain / 2.16：
Power and Energy Stored in Frequency Domain / 2.17：
Helmholtz Equation / 2.18：
Solution to the Helmholtz Equation / 2.19：
Propagation Constant / 2.20：
Electromagnetic Potentials / 2.21：
Static Equations / 2.21.1：
Solution for Potentials / 2.22：
Potential Superposition Integrals / 2.22.1：
Electric Dipole Fields / 2.23：
Maxwell's Equations with Magnetic Sources / 2.24：
Magnetic Source Distributions / 2.24.1：
Maxwell's Equations in Frequency Domain / 2.24.2：
Helmholtz Equations with Magnetic Sources / 2.25.1：
Electromagnetic Potentials with Magnetic Sources / 2.27：
Solution for Potentials with Magnetic Sources / 2.28：
Two-Dimensional Perfectly Conducting Objects: TM Polarization / Chapter 3：
General Field Equations / 3.1：
Fields in Terms of Potentials / 3.1.1：
Transverse Magnetic Polarization / 3.2：
Field Equations in the Spectral Domain / 3.3：
Solution for the Magnetic Vector Potential / 3.4：
Electric Field Integral Equation--TM Case / 3.5：
Equivalent Electric Current Sources / 3.6：
EFIE--Perfect Conductor / 3.6.1：
Method of Moments / 3.7：
Perfectly Conducting Circular Cylinder / 3.8：
Thin Conducting Wire / 3.8.1：
Near- and Far-Field Distributions / 3.8.2：
An Alternative Formulation / 3.8.3：
Arbitrary Cross Section--TM Excitation / 3.9：
Expansion Functions / 3.9.1：
Weighting Functions / 3.9.2：
Reduction of EFIE to a Matrix Equation / 3.9.3：
Square Conducting Cylinder / 3.9.4：
Thin-Strip Conducting Scatterer / 3.10：
Convergence Data / 3.10.1：
Electrically Large Objects / 3.11：
Spatial Decomposition Technique / 3.11.1：
Matrix Condition Number / 3.11.2：
Analysis of Apertures / 3.12：
Aperture Equivalences / 3.12.1：
Two-Dimensional Aperture / 3.13：
Aperture Integral Equation--TE Case / 3.13.1：
Two-Dimensional Perfectly Conducting Object: TE Polarization / Chapter 4：
Fields and Potentials / 4.1：
Transformed Fields in Transverse Coordinates / 4.1.3：
Transverse Electric Polarization / 4.2：
Transverse Electric Fields / 4.2.1：
Solution for Vector and Scalar Potentials / 4.3：
Integral Equations--TE Case / 4.4：
MFIE--Perfect Conductor / 4.5：
Alternative Formulation / 4.5.2：
Scattered Near- and Far-Field Distributions / 4.6.2：
Arbitrary Cross Section--EFIE-TE Excitation / 4.7：
Reduction to Matrix Equation / 4.7.1：
Arbitrary Cross Section--MFIE-TE Excitation / 4.8.1：
Reduction to a Matrix Equation / 4.9.1：
EFIE and MFIE Validations / 4.9.2：
SDT Approach--TE Case / 4.10：
Aperture Integral Equation--TM Case / 4.11：
Two-Dimensional Homogeneous Dielectric Object: TM and TE Polarizations / Chapter 5：
TM and TE Polarizations / 5.1：
Formulation of Integral Equations / 5.3：
Electromagnetic Equivalence / 5.4：
Exterior Equivalence / 5.4.1：
Interior Equivalence / 5.4.2：
Combined Integral Equations / 5.5：
CFIE--TM Case / 5.5.1：
Dielectric Circular Cylinder--TM Excitation / 5.6：
Scattered Field Distribution / 5.6.1：
Arbitrary Cross Section--CFIE-TM Excitation / 5.7：
Reduction to Partitioned Matrix Equation / 5.7.1：
Numerical Results--TM Case / 5.9：
Scattered Field Distributions / 5.10：
Far-Field Distribution / 5.10.1：
CFIE--TE Case / 5.11：
Dielectric Circular Cylinder--TE Excitation / 5.12：
Duality of the TM and TE Cases / 5.12.1：
Arbitrary Cross Section--CFIE-TE Excitation / 5.12.2：
Partitioned Matrix Equation / 5.14：
Numerical Results--TE Case / 5.15：
Anisotropic Scatterer / 5.15.1：
Potential Integrals--Anisotropic Medium / 5.16.1：
CFIE--Anisotropic Case / 5.16.3：
Two-Dimensional Conducting and Dielectric Layered Object: TM and TE Polarizations / Chapter 6：
Electromagnetic Equivalence--Layered Case / 6.1：
Exterior Equivalence--Layer 1 / 6.2.1：
Interior Equivalence--Layer 2 / 6.2.2：
Interior Equivalence--Layer 3 / 6.2.3：
Combined Field Integral Equations--Layered Case / 6.3：
Layered Dielectric Circular Cylinder / 6.3.1：
Circular Multilayer Loading / 6.4.1：
Circular Conductor with Layered Dielectric / 6.5：
Solution by Back Substitution / 6.5.1：
Numerical Solution--Layered Case / 6.5.2：
Layered Arbitrary Cross Section--TM Excitation / 6.6：
Numerical Solution--Arbitrary Layered Case / 6.7：
Vector Identities / 6.7.1：
Vector Operations / A.1：
Mixed Vector Operations and Derivatives / A.2：
Differential Operator / A.3：
Transformation of Vectors / A.4：
Coordinate Representations / A.5：
Integral Relationships / A.6：
Bessel Functions / Appendix B：
Basic Equation / B.1：
Integral Representation / B.2：
Series Representation / B.3：
Coordinate Transformation / B.4：
Bibliography
Index
Introduction / Chapter 1：
Historical Sketch / 1.1：
High-Frequency Diffraction Theory / 1.1.1：
10.

図書
図書
10. (e,2e) & related processes
edited by Colm T. Whelan ... [et al.]
出版情報: Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic, c1993  ix, 436 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: NATO ASI series ; ser. C . Mathematical and physical sciences ; vol. 414
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