The Rule of Law / 1: |
Impeachment and the Rule of Law |
Arbitrary Government and the Principles of Legality |
Government Under Law |
Government by Rules |
Fair Warning and the Formal Features of Legal Rules |
Due Process |
The Power of the People |
Corruption |
Vengeance |
Liberty and Prosperity |
Ancient Liberty |
Liberty and Prosperity in the Modern Era |
Hobbes and Austin: The Sovereign as Above the Law |
The King versus Parliament |
Philosophical Confusions |
A Round Square? |
Austin's Contribution |
Human Nature |
The Crooked Timber of Humanity |
Republican Government |
Hobbes versus Kant and Madison |
Substantive versus Legal Justice |
The Impeachment Controversy: Background |
Power, Privacy, and Prosecution |
The Real-World Rule of Law |
Political Trials |
The Impeachment Trial |
Should the Rule of Law Apply? |
The Trial of the President |
The Role of Politics |
The Vagueness Problem |
Law and Morality / 2: |
A Common Saying |
Judgment at Nuremberg |
Historical Background |
Criticisms of the Trial |
Justifying the Trial |
Assessing the Trial |
Natural Law Theory: Overview |
Traditional Natural Law Theory: Background |
Aquinas's Theory of Law |
Law and the Good |
Assessing Aquinas |
Fuller and Fidelity to Law |
The Inner Morality of Law |
Assessing Fuller's Inner Morality |
Law and Social Purpose |
Dworkin's Interpretive Theory |
Rules and Principles: The Idea of Fit |
Fitting the Fourth Amendment: Privacy |
Olmstead and Beyond |
The Role of Morality |
The Challenge of Skepticism |
Assessing Dworkin |
Legal Positivism: Overview |
Austin's Theory of Law |
Law as Command |
Assessing Austin |
Hart: Law as Primary and Secondary Rules |
Types of Legal Rules |
Legal Obligation: Government and Gunman |
Primary and Secondary Rules |
Assessing Hart |
Summary: Natural Law versus Positivism |
The Constitution / 3: |
Popular Government and the Rule of Law |
The Undisciplined Public |
The Constitutional Design |
The "Troublesome" Provisions |
The Supreme Court and Judicial Review |
Jefferson's View |
Judicial Review as Antidemocratic |
The Historical Record |
Judicial Self-Restraint |
Judicial Review and the Rule of Law |
The Judiciary as Policeman |
The Judiciary as Expert Interpreter |
Judicial Review and Democracy |
Ely's Argument: Perfecting Democracy |
Criticisms of Ely: The Political Process |
Ackerman's Argument: The Sovereign People |
Criticisms of Ackerman: The Rule of Law |
Constitutional Interpretation: Implicit Rights? |
The Right to Privacy: Griswold v. Connecticut |
Criticisms of Griswold |
Framers' Intent |
Original Understanding |
Bork's Theory |
Criticisms of Bork: Naked Power Organs |
Dworkin and the Constitution |
Criticisms of Dworkin |
Bork versus Dworkin |
Whose Morality? |
Judgment and Action |
The Supreme Court versus Society |
Private Law: Torts, Contracts, and Property / 4: |
The Functions of Private Law |
The Traditional Public-Private Distinction |
Criticisms of the Public-Private Distinction |
Legal Realism and the Politics of Private Law |
Property and Progress: The Labor Injunction |
Assessing the Realist Challenge |
The Traditional Contract-Tort Distinction |
Criticisms of the Contract-Tort Distinction |
Defenses of the Contract-Tort Distinction |
Assessing Traditionalism |
Subjective and Objective Approaches in Tort Law |
A Case of Self-Defense |
The Actual Person or the Reasonable Person? |
Subcategorizing |
The Duty to Aid |
The Common-Law Approach |
The Ames Rule |
Feinberg and the Right to Assistance |
Epstein and Bright Lines |
Criminal Law / 5: |
Torts and Crimes |
A Utilitarian Approach |
Bentham's Principle of Utility |
The Utilitarian Aims of Punishment |
Criticisms of the Utilitarian Approach |
A Retributivist Approach |
Justice and Desert |
Why Punishment Is Deserved |
Criticisms of Retributivism |
The Therapeutic Model |
Rehabilitation, Not Punishment |
Criticisms of the Therapeutic Model |
Amount of Punishment |
Davis's Version of Retributivism |
Criticisms of Davis |
Mens Rea versus Strict Liability |
The Guilty Mind |
Objective and Strict Liability |
Strict Liability: Against |
Strict Liability: For |
Limits of Criminal Law |
The Public-Private Distinction |
J. S. Mill and the Harm Principle |
The Devlin-Hart Debate |
Law and Economics / 6: |
The Economic Analysis of Law |
Economic Rationality |
Rational Action |
An Example: The Rational Athlete |
Rationality and Uncertainty |
Economic Efficiency |
Utilitarianism and Beyond |
Pareto's Concepts of Efficiency |
The Limitations of Pareto's Efficiency Concepts |
Kaldor, Hicks, and Posner |
Scarcity and Efficiency |
The Efficiency of the Common Law |
Contract Law |
Negligence and the Hand Formula |
Property |
The Coase Theorem |
An Efficiency Explanation of Common Law |
Posner's Argument |
Criticisms of Posner |
Social Morality versus Efficiency |
The Scientific Status of Law and Economics |
Scientific Method |
Is Law and Economics Scientific? |
The Evaluation of Law: Should Law Maximize Wealth? |
The Biggest Pie? |
Other Virtues of Wealth Maximization? |
Wealth Maximization and the Poor |
Political Disagreement in Law and Economics |
What Kind of Market? |
Conservatives versus Liberals |
Is Efficiency a Neutral Value? |
The Value of Efficiency |
Dworkin's Critique of Efficiency |
Taking Efficiency Seriously |
Feminism and the Law / 7: |
Feminism versus the Traditional View of Women |
Woman's Place |
The Feminist Rebellion |
Types of Feminism |
Two Central Issues |
Liberals, Radicals, Progressives, and Conservatives |
The Question of Patriarchy |
Discrimination and Oppression |
Is Patriarchy a Thing of the Past? |
The Question of Privacy: A Radical View |
The Problems with Privacy |
Fighting "Private" Oppression |
Women's Labor |
Abortion Rights: Beyond Privacy to Equality |
Abortion and the Indigent |
Equality: Eradicating Women's Oppression |
Abortion Rights: A Liberal View |
Defending the Right of Privacy |
Liberal Equality |
Abortion Rights: The Liberal or Radical Approach? |
The Legal Argument |
The Moral Argument |
The Difference Debate |
Pregnancy Benefits |
Special Treatment or Equal Treatment? |
Women's Values? |
Pornography: Free Speech and Women's Rights |
A Linchpin of Patriarchy |
Protecting Pornography |
Silencing Women |
The Harm of Pornography |
Pornography on Trial: American Booksellers v. Hudnut |
The Ordinance |
The Ruling: Easterbrook's Opinion |
MacKinnon's Criticisms |
The Psychology of Pornography |
Evidence of Harm? |
Patriarchy Revisited: The Role of Reason |
Beyond Statistics |
Is Reason "Male"? |
Race and American Law / 8: |
Race, Citizenship, and Identity |
Jim Crow and the One-Drop Rule |
Separate but Equal: The Plessy Case |
A Reasonable Dissent from Plessy: Law and Scientific Racism |
Beyond Separate but Equal: The Brown Case |
The Small Steps to Brown |
Brown: Constitutional Equality |
The Civil Rights Revolution |
Beyond Litigation |
Social Agitation: Martin Luther King, Jr. versus George Wallace |
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
The Voting Rights Act: Race and Democracy |
The Black Power Movement |
The Idea of Institutional Racism |
Racial Discrimination: Intent versus Disparate Impact |
Critical Race Theory |
Overview |
Racism and the Rule of Law |
Affirmative Action |
The Law and Politics of Affirmative Action |
Individual Rights |
Social Effects: Academic Values and Racial Identities |
Critical Legal Studies / 9: |
The Crits: An Introduction |
Law, Power, and Hierarchy |
Against the Rule of Law: Politics, Morality, and Law |
Crits, Feminists, and Critical Race Theorists |
Crits and Conservatives |
Legal Reasoning: A Mainstream Account |
Law and Authority |
Law and Reason |
Reasoning: Legal and Practical |
The Doctrine of Precedent: Stare Decisis |
Legal Reasoning: The Attack Begins |
Realism and Formalism |
Indeterminacy |
So Long, Stare Decisis |
An Example: Hardwick's Right to Privacy? |
Clusters of Rules |
Justification and Motivation |
Reluctant Realists |
Domesticating Realism |
Legal Reasoning: The Crits Attack |
Law as a Patchwork |
The Contradictions of Private Law |
Law, Liberty, and Liberalism |
Liberalism and the Rule of Law |
Unger and the Contradictions of Liberalism |
The Mainstream versus the Crits |
Critics of the Crits |
Dworkin and Legal Reasoning |
The Crits' Response |
Competition and Contradiction: Dworkin Replies |
The Crits' Last Stand |
The Rule of Law / 1: |
Impeachment and the Rule of Law |
Arbitrary Government and the Principles of Legality |