| What Can You Do With a Microdrop? / Chapter 1： |
| Characteristics of Microdrops / 1.1： |
| Size / 1.1.1： |
| Precision Deposition Ability / 1.1.2： |
| Isolation / 1.1.3： |
| High Rate Production / 1.1.4： |
| Use of Microdrops in Pure Science / 1.2： |
| Particle Physics / 1.2.1： |
| Fluid Dynamics / 1.2.2： |
| Physical Optics / 1.2.3： |
| Physical Chemistry / 1.2.4： |
| Use of Microdrops in Applied Science / 1.3： |
| Combinatorial Chemistry / 1.3.1： |
| Micromixing / 1.3.2： |
| Automated Microtitration / 1.3.3： |
| MALDI TOF Spectroscopy Sample Loading / 1.3.4： |
| Loading and Dispensing Reagents from Microreactors / 1.3.5： |
| Gas Flow Visualization / 1.3.6： |
| Biotechnology Applications of Microdrops / 1.4： |
| Cell Sorting / 1.4.1： |
| DNA Microarrays / 1.4.2： |
| DNA Synthesis / 1.4.3： |
| Drug Discovery / 1.4.4： |
| Medical Therapeutics / 1.4.5： |
| Applications in Manufacturing and Engineering / 1.5： |
| Optics / 1.5.1： |
| Droplet-Based Manufacturing / 1.5.2： |
| Inkjet Soldering / 1.5.3： |
| Precision Fluid Deposition / 1.5.4： |
| Displays / 1.5.5： |
| Thin Film Coating / 1.5.6： |
| Heat Radiators / 1.5.7： |
| Monodisperse Aerosolizing for Combustion / 1.5.8： |
| Monodisperse Aerosolizing for Dispersing Pesticides / 1.5.9： |
| Document Security / 1.5.10： |
| Integrated Circuit (IC) Manufacturing / 1.5.11： |
| IC Manufacturing--Photoresist Deposition / 1.5.12： |
| IC Manufacturing--Conductor and Insulating Dielectric Deposition / 1.5.13： |
| IC Manufacturing--Depositing Sensing and Actuating Compounds / 1.5.14： |
| References |
| Methods of Generating Monodisperse Microdrops / Chapter 2： |
| Acoustically Disrupted Continuous Fluid Jet / 2.1： |
| Thermal Inkjet (Bubble Jet) / 2.2： |
| Piezoelectric Direct Pressure Pulse / 2.3： |
| Focused Acoustic Beam Ejection / 2.4： |
| Liquid Spark Inkjet / 2.5： |
| Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet / 2.6： |
| Flextensional Aperture Plate Inkjet / 2.7： |
| Electro-Rheological Fluid Inkjet / 2.8： |
| Liquid Ink Fault Tolerant (LIFT) Process / 2.9： |
| TopSpot Microdrop Ejector / 2.10： |
| Summary and Recommendations / 2.11： |
| Particle Kinetics of Ejected Microdrops / Chapter 3： |
| Reynolds Number and Stokes Law / 3.1： |
| Buoyancy Correction / 3.1.1： |
| Internal Drop Flow / 3.1.2： |
| Nonspherical Drops / 3.1.3： |
| Terminal Velocity / 3.2： |
| Relaxation Time Constant / 3.3： |
| Streaming / 3.4： |
| Impact / 3.5： |
| Brownian Motion / 3.6： |
| Motion in Electric Fields / 3.7： |
| Electrostatic Deflection of Charged Microdrops / 3.7.1： |
| Electric Charging of Microdrops / Chapter 4： |
| Rayleigh Limit to Charging Microdrops / 4.1： |
| Drop Charging Mechanisms / 4.2： |
| Triboelectric Charging / 4.2.1： |
| Fluid Jet Polarization / 4.2.2： |
| Electrical Double Layer Charging / 4.2.3： |
| Spray Charging / 4.2.4： |
| Statistical Fluctuations / 4.2.5： |
| Absorption of Gaseous Ions / 4.2.6： |
| Photoelectric Emission / 4.2.7： |
| Practical Drop Charge Control Methods / 4.3： |
| Contact Surface Modification / 4.3.1： |
| Charge Control Using Ionized Air / 4.3.2： |
| Variations in the Induced Charge / 4.4： |
| Engineering Requirements for Reliable Microdrop Generation / Chapter 5： |
| Conditions Needed for Monodisperse Drop-On-Demand Operation / 5.1： |
| Drive Pulse Amplitude / 5.2： |
| Drive Pulse Shape / 5.3： |
| Double Pulse Excitation / 5.3.1： |
| Bipolar Pulse Excitation / 5.3.2： |
| Internal Pressure Level / 5.4： |
| Drop Ejection Rate / 5.5： |
| Fluid Fill Level / 5.6： |
| Fluid Temperature / 5.7： |
| Troubleshooting Microdrop Ejectors / Chapter 6： |
| Clogged Nozzles / 6.1： |
| Damaged Nozzles / 6.2： |
| Internal Air Bubbles / 6.3： |
| Misdirected Jets / 6.4： |
| Overly Wetted Meniscus / 6.5： |
| Internal Pressure / 6.6： |
| Insufficient Drive Amplitude / 6.7： |
| Nonoptimal Pulse Waveform / 6.8： |
| Pulse Rate / 6.9： |
| Problematic Fluids / 6.10： |
| Mechanical Mounting / 6.11： |
| Imaging System / 6.12： |
| Recommended Startup Procedure to Test a New Drop Generation and Imaging System / 6.13： |
| Reference |
| Imaging Microdrops / Chapter 7： |
| Direct Viewing of Illuminated Microdrops / 7.1： |
| Backlight Illumination Sources / 7.1.1： |
| Bright Background Imaging of Microdrops / 7.2： |
| Bright Source Stroboscopically Illuminated Droplets / 7.3： |
| Light Emitting Diode Illumination Arrays / 7.4： |
| Imaging System Synchronization / 7.5： |
| Cameras / 7.6： |
| Stroboscopic Illumination Sources / 7.8： |
| Low-Cost Microdrop Imaging Hardware / 7.9： |
| Low-Cost Cameras / 7.9.1： |
| Low Cost Optics / 7.9.2： |
| Drop Ejector Drive Electronics / Chapter 8： |
| Gated Voltage Source Pulsers / 8.1： |
| Linear Pulse Power Amplifiers / 8.2： |
| Fabrication of Ejection Aperture Nozzles / Chapter 9： |
| Ejection Nozzle Requirements / 9.1： |
| Fabricating Acute Edge Conical Glass Nozzles / 9.2： |
| Fabricating Tapered Profile Glass Nozzles / 9.3： |
| Silicon Micromachined Ejection Apertures / 9.4： |
| Fabrication Sequence for Silicon Micromachined Apertures / 9.5： |
| Processing Steps for Fabricating Silicon Fluid Ejection Nozzles / 9.5.1： |
| Electroformed Ejection Apertures / 9.6： |
| Jewel Bearings and Nozzles / 9.6.1： |
| Metal Optical Pinhole Apertures / 9.7： |
| Small Hole Manufacturing Technologies--A Summary of Techniques / 9.8： |
| Mechanical Drilling / 9.8.1： |
| Mechanical Punching / 9.8.2： |
| Photosensitive Glass / 9.8.3： |
| Soluble Core Glass Fibers / 9.8.4： |
| Laser Drilling / 9.8.5： |
| Electroforming Over a Sacrificial Post / 9.8.6： |
| Photon Directed Chemical Etching / 9.8.7： |
| Electron Beam Machining / 9.8.8： |
| Electro-Discharge-Machining (EDM) / 9.8.9： |
| Lithography and Chemical Etching / 9.8.10： |
| Lithography and Anisotropic Reactive Ion Etching / 9.8.11： |
| Thermally Tapered Glass Pipettes / 9.8.12： |
| Anti-Wetting Surface Coatings / 9.9： |
| Coating Methods / 9.9.1： |
| Drop Ejector Construction / Chapter 10： |
| Tubular Reservoir Piezoelectric Drop Ejectors / 10.1： |
| Metal Body Drop Generator / 10.2： |
| Glass, Straight Tube, Welded Aperture / 10.3： |
| Fabricating the Apertures / 10.3.1： |
| Thermal Weld Attachment of the Ejection Aperture / 10.3.2： |
| Trimming / 10.3.4： |
| Attaching the Piezoelectric Element / 10.3.5： |
| Glass, Pipette, Welded Aperture / 10.4： |
| Glass, Miniature, Welded Aperture / 10.5： |
| Piezoelectric Element Configuration / 10.6： |
| Piezoelectric Disc Actuators / 10.7： |
| Rectangular Slab Drive Elements / 10.8： |
| Cylindrical Piezoelectric Drive Elements / 10.9： |
| Integral Heating Elements / 10.10： |
| Pressure Control / Chapter 11： |
| Manometer Tube Pressure Control System / 11.1： |
| Variable Height Reservoir Pressure Control System / 11.2： |
| Automated Pressure Control / 11.3： |
| Fluid Engineering for Microdrop Ejectors / Chapter 12： |
| Nonclogging Fluids / 12.1： |
| First Drop Reliability / 12.3： |
| Jetting Stability / 12.4： |
| Directional Stability / 12.5： |
| Freedom from Satellite Drops / 12.6： |
| Wide Jet Velocity Tolerance / 12.7： |
| Drive Waveform Tolerance / 12.8： |
| Repetition Rate / 12.9： |
| Environmental and Temporal Stability / 12.10： |
| Chemical Reactivity with Drop Generator / 12.11： |
| Toxicity / 12.12： |
| Cost / 12.13： |
| Components of Drop-on-Demand Ejector Fluids / Chapter 13： |
| Payload / 13.1： |
| Solvent / 13.2： |
| Humectants / 13.3： |
| Viscosity Modifiers / 13.4： |
| Newtonian / 13.4.1： |
| Shear Thinning (Pseudo-Plastic) / 13.4.2： |
| Shear Thickening (Dilatant Fluids) / 13.4.3： |
| Plastic (Bingham-Plastic) / 13.4.4： |
| Surfactants / 13.5： |
| Dispersants / 13.6： |
| Polymeric Fluid Elasticity Agents / 13.7： |
| Anti-Fungal Agents (Biocides, Preservatives) / 13.8： |
| Chelating Agents / 13.9： |
| pH Controllers / 13.10： |
| Corrosion Inhibitors / 13.11： |
| Defoamer / 13.12： |
| Electrical Conductivity Salts / 13.13： |
| Additives Specific for Thermal Inkjet / 13.14： |
| Antikogation Agent / 13.14.1： |
| Bubble Nucleation Promoter / 13.14.2： |
| Additives Specific for Inkjet Image Printing / 13.15： |
| Making Jettable Suspensions of Ground Solids / Chapter 14： |
| Obtaining Small Diameter Particles / 14.1： |
| Necessary Particle Size / 14.2： |
| Wetting and Dispersing / 14.3： |
| High Powered Ultrasound / 14.3.1： |
| Fluid Jet Impingement / 14.3.2： |
| Rotary Mixers / 14.3.3： |
| Filtering and Settling / 14.4： |
| Essential References / 14.5： |
| Ejectability / 14.6： |
| Final Caution--Make Sure You Have a Real Suspension / 14.7： |
| Setting Up a Microdrop System ASAP / Appendix I： |
| Buying a System / I.1： |
| Companies that Sell Nonimage Printing Microdrop Generating Systems / I.2： |
| Piezoelectrically Actuated Drop-on-Demand Systems / I.2.1： |
| Focused Acoustic Beam Drop-on-Demand Systems / I.2.2： |
| Fluid Displacement Drop-on-Demand Systems (TopSpot Array Printer) / I.2.3： |
| Continuous Jet Microdrop Arrays Printers / I.2.4： |
| Imaging Systems / I.2.5： |
| Microdrop Systems Consulting / I.2.6： |
| Building a System / I.3： |
| Drop Dispensers / I.3.1： |
| Drive Electronics / I.4： |
| Imaging / I.5： |
| Setup and Testing / I.6： |
| Cleaning / I.6.1： |
| Filling / I.6.2： |
| Electronic Drive Settings / I.6.3： |
| Example Inkjet Ink Formulations from Patent Literature / Appendix II： |
| Dye Based Inkjet Inks / II.1： |
| Pigment Based Inkjet Inks / II.2： |
| Ejection Tests of Biological Fluids / Appendix III： |
| Test Series I / III.1： |
| Test Fluids / III.1.1： |
| Test Procedure / III.1.2： |
| Results / III.1.3： |
| DNA Marker 1 Microgram/Microliter / III.1.3.1： |
| DNA Marker Diluted (10% Marker, 90% Distilled Water) / III.1.3.2： |
| Yeast Cell Suspension / III.1.3.3： |
| E. Coli Cell Suspension / III.1.3.4： |
| Spe I Enzyme, 20% Glycerol / III.1.3.5： |
| Summary of Results / III.1.4： |
| Test Series II / III.2： |
| Cleaning Protocol / III.2.1： |
| Control Buffer-10mM Tris-Acetate, pH 8.2 / III.2.3： |
| Plasmid DNA in Buffer / III.2.3.2： |
| MO Reagent / III.2.3.3： |
| DNA + MO / III.2.3.4： |
| Polyplex (DNA + dendrimer) / III.2.3.5： |
| Dendrimer / III.2.3.6： |
| Supplemental Control Tests Utilizing the Same Drop Ejector / III.2.4： |
| Distilled Water / III.2.4.1： |
| Distilled Water with 20% Glycerol / III.2.4.2： |
| Distilled Water with 20% Propylene Glycol / III.2.4.3： |
| Fluid #2 (Plasmid DNA in Buffer) with 20% Glycerol / III.2.4.4： |
| Fluid #2 (Plasmid DNA in Buffer) with 20% Propylene Glycol / III.2.4.5： |
| Index / III.2.5： |
