| Summary |
| Preface |
| Symbols and Abbreviations |
| Note on Cited Patent Documents |
| Introduction |
| Evolution of legislation |
| Materials used in catalytic converters |
| Types of catalytic converters |
| Control of catalytic converters during a cold engine start-up |
| Electric heaters |
| Afterburners |
| Fuel burners |
| Close-coupled converters |
| Secondary converters |
| Hydrocarbon adsorbents |
| Secondary air |
| Other systems to facilitate light-off temperature of catalytic converters |
| Oxygen storage |
| Monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters |
| Catalytic Converter Functionality Diagnosis by Means of Oxygen or Air/Fuel Ratio Sensors / Part 1： |
| [lambda]-probe and UEGO sensor operation principles |
| Control of engine air/fuel ratio |
| Robert Bosch GmbH / 1.1： |
| Daimler-Benz AG / 1.2： |
| Ford Motor Co. - Ford France SA - Ford Werke AG - Ford Motor Co. Canada - Ford Motor Co. Ltd. / 1.3： |
| Engines with multiple cylinder groups |
| Toyota Motor Co. Ltd. / 1.4： |
| Nippon Denso Co. / 1.5： |
| Honda Motor Co. Ltd. / 1.6： |
| Hitachi Ltd. / 1.7： |
| Plurality of catalytic converters arranged in series in the exhaust pipe |
| Mazda Motor Corporation / 1.8： |
| Siemens Automotive SA - Siemens AG / 1.9： |
| NGK Spark Plug Co. / 1.10： |
| Suzuki Motor Corporation / 1.11： |
| Mitsbishi Motors Corporation - Mitsubishi Electric Corporation / 1.12： |
| Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. / 1.13： |
| General Motors Corp / 1.14： |
| Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd / 1.15： |
| Other methods / 1.16： |
| Lucas Industries Public Ltd Co. |
| Magneti Marelli S.p.A. |
| Pierburg GmbH and Co. KG |
| Bayerische Motoren Werke AG |
| The United States Environmental Protection Agency |
| Weegen, Rainer |
| FIAT Auto S.p.A. |
| Volkswagen AG |
| Roth-Technik GmbH and Co. Forschung fur Automobil- und Umwelttechniek |
| Unisia Jecs Corp |
| FEV Motortechnik GmbH and Co. |
| Hyundai Motor Co. |
| Osaka Gas Co. Ltd. |
| Automobiles Peugeot - Automobiles Citroen |
| Volvo AB |
| Denso Corp |
| VDO Adolf Schindling AG |
| Regie Nationale des Usines Renault SA |
| Deutsche Fernsprecher GmbH Marburg |
| Catalytic Converter Functionality Diagnosis by Means of Temperature Measurements / Part 2： |
| Temperature sensors used in monitoring of catalytic converters |
| Emitec Gesellschaft Emmissionstechnik fur Emissionstechnologie - Dr. Ing. H.c.F. Porsche AG / 2.1： |
| Nissan Motor Co. / 2.2： |
| Siemens AG - Siemens Automotive SA - Bayerische Motoren Werke AG - Mercedes Benz AG / 2.3： |
| NGK Insulators Ltd. / 2.7： |
| General Motors Corporation / 2.9： |
| Other Methods / 2.10： |
| Audi AG |
| Universal Oil Products Co. |
| Willard R. Calvert, Sr. |
| Phywe Systeme GmbH |
| Lucas Industries PLC |
| Mazda Motor Corp. |
| Unisia Jecs Corp. |
| NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. |
| Other Methods for Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters / Part 3： |
| Exhaust gas concentration sensors |
| Monitoring and diagnosing set-up |
| Volkswagen AG - General Motors Corp. / 3.： |
| Hitachi America Ltd. - Hitachi Ltd. / 3.3： |
| Monsanto Co. / 3.4： |
| Beckman Industries, Inc. |
| Technische Universitat "Otto von Guericke" Magdeburg |
| Toshiba Corp |
| Gutmann Messtechnik AG |
| ABB Patent GmbH |
| Blanke, J. D. |
| Effort Mijdrecht B.V. |
| Keesmann, T. |
| Iris-GmbH Infrared and Intelligent sensors |
| Hagen and Schildkamp Techniek B.V. |
| Fuji Heavy Ind. Ltd. |
| Toyota Motor Co Ltd. |
| Forskarpatent I Linkoping AB |
| Komatsu Ltd. |
| Leybold AG |
| Sun Electric UK Ltd. |
| Discussion and Comparison of Existing Methods / Part 4： |
| Use of [lambda] or oxygen sensors |
| Use of temperature sensors |
| Use of exhaust gas concentration sensors |
| References |
| Patent Number Index |
| Inventor Index |
| Company Index |
| Subject Index |
| Summary |
| Preface |
| Symbols and Abbreviations |
ＥＢ
