| Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Hydrogen Adsorption, Evolution and Absorption into Metals / A. Lasia1： |
| Electroless Deposition of Metals / D. Djokic2： |
| Towards a Computational Electrochemistry - a Kineticist's Perspective / L.K. Bieniasz3： |
| Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Bridging Electrolyte - Water Systems / M.A. Abraham ; M.-C. Abraham4： |
| Factors Limiting Applications of the Historically Significant Born Equation: A Critical Review / B.E. Conway5： |
| References |
| Nanoparticle Surfaces Studied by Electrochemical NMR / P. K. Babu ; E. Oldfield ; A. WieckowskiChapter 1： |
| Introduction / I.： |
| Experimental / II.： |
| Results and Discussion / III.： |
| Selected Topics in [superscript 195]Pt-NMR / 1.： |
| Other Pt Nanoparticles (Unsupported and Supported) / 2.： |
| Correlation Between the [superscript 195]Pt NMR Shift and Adsorbates Electronegativity / 3.： |
| Spatially-Resolved Oscillation of the E[subscript f]-LDOS in a Pt Catalyst / 4.： |
| [superscript 13]C NMR at the Electrochemical Interface / IV.： |
| [superscript 13]C NMR Knight Shift |
| EC-NMR Under Potential Control |
| Correlation of NMR to FTIR Data |
| Correlation Between Clean Surface E[subscript f]-LDOS of Metals and the Adsorbate Knight Shift |
| NMR Comparison of CO Adsorbed on Pt-Black from Different Sources / 5.： |
| Effect of Surface Charge on the Chemisorption Bond: CO Chemisorption on Pd / 6.： |
| Pt Electrodes Modified by Ruthenium: A Study in Tolerance / 7.： |
| EC-NMR of Pt/Ru Alloy Nanoparticles / 8.： |
| Summary and Conclusions / V.： |
| Appendix |
| Ab Initio Quantum-Chemical Calculations in Electrochemistry / Marc T. M. KoperChapter 2： |
| Ab Initio Quantum Chemistry |
| General Aspects of Quantum Chemistry and Electronic Structure Calculations |
| Wave-Function-Based Methods |
| Density Functional Theory Methods |
| Basis Sets and Effective Potentials |
| Structure, Energetics, and Vibrational Frequencies |
| Methods of Analysis |
| Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics |
| Selected Applications |
| Clusters and Slabs |
| How to Model the Electrode Potential |
| Chemisorption of Halogens and Halides |
| Chemisorption of Carbon Monoxide on Metals and Alloys |
| Field Dependent Chemisorption and the Interfacial Stark Effect: General Relationships |
| Field-Dependent Chemisorption of Carbon Monoxide |
| Chemisorption of Water and Water Dissociation Products |
| Ab Initio Approaches to Modeling Electrode Reactions |
| Outlook |
| Macroscopic and Molecular Models of Adsorption Phenomena on Electrode Surfaces / P. NikitasChapter 3： |
| Features of Electrosorption and Factors Affecting Them |
| Macroscopic Models |
| PC Approach |
| STE Approach |
| Molecular Models |
| Guidealli's Approach |
| Models Based on the LBS Approach |
| Complicated Adsorption Phenomena |
| Co-Adsorption and Reorientation |
| Polylayer Formation |
| Surface Segregation |
| Phase Transitions |
| Polarization Catastrophe and Other Artifacts / VI.： |
| The Role of the Metal Electrode--The Case of Solid Electrodes / VII.： |
| Computer Simulation / VIII.： |
| Conclusions / IX.： |
| Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis / Gyorgy Foti ; Ivan Bolzonella ; Christos ComninellisChapter 4： |
| The Phenomenon of Electrochemical Promotion |
| Description of a Typical Electrochemical Promotion Experiment |
| The Mechanism of Electrochemical Promotion |
| Promotional Transients |
| Fundamental Studies of Electrochemical Promotion |
| Catalytic Model Systems |
| Experimental Aspects |
| Electrochemical Characterization of the Single-Pellet Cell |
| Cyclic Voltammetry |
| Fast-Galvanostatic Transients |
| Permanent Electrochemical Promotion |
| Electrochemical Activation of a Catalyst |
| Electrochemical Promotion and Catalyst-Support Interactions |
| Work Function Measurements / 9.： |
| Cell Development for Electrochemical Promotion |
| Bipolar Con guration for Electrochemical Promotion |
| Ring-Shaped Electrochemical Cell |
| Multiple-Channel Electrochemical Cell |
| Perspectives |
| Mechanisms of Lithium Transport Through Transition Metal Oxides and Carbonaceous Materials / Heon-Cheol Shin ; Su-Il PyunChapter 5： |
| Bird's Eye View of the Models for Current Transients in Lithium Intercalation Systems: Diffusion Controlled Lithium Transport |
| The Geometry of the Electrode Surface |
| The Growth of a New Phase in the Electrode |
| The Electric Field in the Electrode |
| General Perspective on Current Transients from Transition Metal Oxides and Graphite |
| Non-Cottrell behavior throughout the Lithium Intercalation/Deintercalation |
| Intersection of Anodic and Cathodic Current Transients |
| (Quasi-)Current Plateau |
| Depression of the Initial Current Value |
| Physical Origin of the Current Transients |
| Linear Relation Between Current and Electrode Potential |
| Comparison of Cell Resistances Determined by the Current Transient Technique and by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy |
| Theoretical Description of Cell-Impedance Controlled Lithium Transport |
| Governing Equation and Boundary Condition |
| Calculation Procedure of the Cell-Impedance Controlled Current Transients |
| Theoretical Current Transients and their Comparison with Experimental Current Transients |
| Some Model Parameters Affecting the Shape and Magnitude of the Cell-Impedance Controlled Current Transients |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Index |
| The Potential of Zero Charge / S. Trasatti ; E. Lust |
| Introductory Concepts / I： |
| Analysis of the Experimental Data / II： |
| Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in Corrosion Process / R. AogakiIV： |
| Active, Passive and Transpassive States of Metals |
| Nonequilibrum Fluctuations in Corrosion |
| Conclusion |
| Conducting Polymers, Electrochemistry and Biomimicking Processes / T. Fernandez Otero |
| Electropolymerization of Conducting polymers |
| Electrochemical versus Chemical Polymerization of Conducting Polymers |
| Selfdoped Polymers, Polymeric Composites and Hybrid Materials |
| Physical Properties of Dry Conducting Polymers |
| Electrochemical Properties / VI： |
| Electrochemistry and Electrode Structures / VII： |
| Experimental Chronoamperograms and Chronocoulograms Under Conformational Relaxation Control / VIII： |
| Polymer-Solvent Interactions from the ESCR Model / IX： |
| Chronocoulograms Under Conformational Relaxation Control / X： |
| Voltammetry Under Conformational Relxation Control / XI： |
| Experimental and Theoretical Voltammograms / XII： |
| Experimental and Theoretical Coulovoltagrams / XIII： |
| Conducting Polymers as Soft and Nonstoichiometric Materials / XIV： |
| Electrochemical Evidences |
| Conducting Polymers as Three-Dimensional Electrodes at Molecular level / XV： |
| Soft, Wet and Complex Materials Mimicking Biological Processes / XVI： |
| Technological Applications of the ESCR Model / XVII： |
| Microwave (Photo)Electrochemistry / H. Tributsch |
| Theoretical Challenge |
| Potential Dependent Stationary Microwave Conductivity Measurements |
| Potential Dependent Time Resolved Measurements |
| Potential Dependent Periodical Measurements |
| Oxides and Sensitization Cells |
| Microwave Phase Measurements |
| Summary and Discussion |
| Acknowledgements |
| Figure Legends |
| Improvements in Fluorine Generations / G.L. Bauer ; W.V. Childs |
| A Caution |
| The Challenge |
| Pem Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates / D. Bloomfield ; V. Bloomfield |
| NAFION MEA Based Bipolar Plate Problems |
| Polybenzimidazole/H[subscript 3]PO[subscript 4] |
| Definition |
| Separator Plate |
| Flow Field |
| Port and Port Bridges |
| Seals |
| Frame |
| Bipolar Plate Features |
| Tolerances |
| Thermal Management |
| Electrical Conduction |
| Water Management |
| Low Cost |
| Stable, Free from Corrosion Products / 6： |
| Galvanic Corrosion / i： |
| Materials and Processes |
| Comparison of Carbon and Metal |
| Operational |
| Forming Cost / ii： |
| Carbon |
| Molded Graphite |
| Paper |
| Stamped Exfoliated Graphite (Grafoil, Graflex) / iii： |
| Metal |
| Forming Metal Bipolar Plates |
| Intrinsically Corrosion Resistant Metals |
| Direct Coatings |
| Conductive Polymer Grafting / iv： |
| Basic Applications of the Analysis of Variance and Covariance in Electrochemical Science and Engineering / Thomas Z. Fahidy |
| Basic Principles and Notions |
| ANOVA: One-way Classification |
| Completely Randomized Experiment (CRE) |
| Randomized Block Experiment (RBE) |
| Example 1: A Historical Perspective of Caustic Soda Production |
| Example 2: Metallic Corrosion |
| ANOVA: Two-Way Classification |
| Null and Alternative Hypotheses |
| Illustration of Two-Way Classification: Specific Energy Requirement for an Electrolytic Process |
| ANOVA: Three-Way Classifications |
| ANOVA: Latin Squares (LS) |
| Applications of the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) |
| ANCOVA with Velocity as Single Concomitant Variable |
| Pattern A(CRE) |
| Pattern B(RBE) |
| ANCOVA with Velocity and Pressure Drop Acting as Two Concomitant Variables |
| Two Covariate-Based ANCOVA of Product Yields in a Batch and in a Flow Electrolyzer |
| Covariance Analysis for a Two-Factor, Single Cofactor CRE |
| Miscellaneous Topics |
| Estimation of the Type II Error in ANOVA |
| Hierarchical Classification |
| ANOVA-Related Random Effects |
| Introductory Concepts of Contrasts Analysis |
| Final Remarks |
| Acknowledgments |
| List of Principal Symbols |
| Nanomaterials in Li-Ion Battery Electrode Design / Charles R. Sides ; Charles R. Martin |
| Templates Used |
| Track-Etch Membranes |
| Alumina Membranes |
| Other Templates |
| Nanostructured Cathodic Electrode Materials |
| Electrode Fabrication |
| Nanostructured Electrode |
| Control Electrodes |
| Structural Investigations |
| Electrochemical Characterization |
| Rate Capabilities |
| Nanostructured Anodic Electrodes |
| Nanostructured Electrodes |
| Electrochemical Investigations |
| Nanoelectrode Applications |
| Low-Temperature Performance |
| Strategy |
| Electrochemical Results |
| Electronic Conductivity |
| Cycle Life / v： |
| Variations on a Synthetic Theme |
| Nanocomposite of LiFePO[subscript 4]/Carbon |
| Improving Volumetric Capacity |
| Carbon Honeycomb |
| Preparation of Honeycomb Carbon |
| Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Problems and Perspectives / Keith Scott ; Ashok K. Shukla |
| Operating Principle of the SPE-DMFC |
| Electrode Reaction Mechanisms in SPE-DMFCs |
| Anodic Oxidation of Methanol |
| Cathodic Reduction of Oxygen |
| Materials for SPE-DMFCS |
| Catalyst Materials |
| Anode Catalysts |
| Oxygen Reduction Catalysts |
| Membrane Materials |
| Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance |
| DMFC Stack Performance |
| Alternative Catalysts and Membranes in the DMFC |
| Alkaline Conducting Membrane and Alternative Oxidants |
| Conventional vs. Mixed-Reactant SPE-DMFCs |
| Mathematical Modelling of the DMFC |
| Methanol Oxidation |
| Empirical Models for Cell Voltage Behaviour |
| Membrane Transport |
| Effect of Methanol Crossover on Fuel Cell Performance |
| Mass Transport and Gas Evolution |
| DMFC Electrode Modelling |
| Cell Models / 7： |
| Single Phase Flow / 8： |
| Two-and Three-Dimensional Modelling / 9： |
| Dynamics and Modelling / 10： |
| Stack Hydraulic and Thermal Models / 11： |
| List of Symbols |
| Review of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells / Brenda L. Garcia ; John W. Weidner |
| Anode Kinetics |
| Reaction Mechanism |
| Methanol Oxidation Catalysts |
| Platinum and Platinum Catalyst Structure |
| Platinum and Platinum Alloy Catalyst Performance |
| Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts |
| High Temperature Membranes |
| Methanol Crossover |
| Magnitude of Crossover |
| Effect of CO[subscript 2] Crossover |
| Mixed-Potential Effects |
| Novel Membranes to Reduce Methanol Crossover |
| DMFC Modeling Review |
| One-Dimensional Models |
| Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Models |
| Summary |
| Direct Numerical Simulation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers / Partha P. Mukherjee ; Guoqing Wang ; Chao-Yang WangChapter 6： |
| Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) Approach |
| Advantages and Objectives of the DNS Approach |
| DNS Model - Idealized 2-D Microstructure |
| Three-Dimensional Regular Microstructure |
| 2-D Model: Kinetics- vs. Transport-Limited Regimes |
| Comparison of the Polarization Curves between 2-D and 3-D Simulations |
| Three-Dimensional Random Microstructure |
| Random Structure |
| Structural Analysis and Identification |
| Governing Equations |
| Boundary Conditions |
| DNS Model - Water Transport |
| Water Transport Mechanism |
| Mathematical Description |
| Inlet-Air Humidity Effect |
| Water Crossover Effect |
| Optimization of Catalyst Layer Compositions |
| 3-D Correlated Microstructure |
| Stochastic Generation Method |
| Governing Equations, Boundary Conditions and Numerical Procedure |
| Solid State Electrochemistry 1 |
| Electron Transfer Reactions with and without Ion Transfer |
| Electrosorption Valency and Partial Charge Transfer |
| Phosphoric Acid Fuel |
| Cells (PAFCs) for Utilities |
| Nanostructural Analysis of Bright Metal Surfaces in Relation to their Reflectivity |
| Electroplating of Metal Matrix Composites by Codeposition of Suspended Particles |
| Algebraic Properties of Boolean Algebras |
| Elementary Classification of Boolean Algebras |
| Constructive Boolean Algebras |
| Solid State Electrochemistry II: Devices and Techniques / Joachim Maier |
| Electrochemical Devices and Applications |
| Electrochemical (Composition) Sensors |
| Bulk Conductivity Sensor (Mode 1) |
| Surface Conductivity Sensors (Mode 2) |
| Galvanic Sensors (Mode 3) |
| Extension to Acid-Base Active Gases |
| Electrochemical (Composition) Actors |
| Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices |
| Fuel Cells |
| Batteries |
| Other Storage Devices: Supercapacitors and Photobatteries |
| Electrochemical Techniques |
| Determination of Bulk Parameters |
| Determination of Boundary Parameters |
| Electrochemical Polarization-The Effect of Selectively Blocking Electrodes |
| Heuristic Considerations |
| The Steady-State Response: The Evaluation of Partial Conductivities |
| The Instationary Behavior: The Evaluation of the Chemical Diffusion Coefficient |
| Chemically Imposed Gradients |
| Chemical Polarization and Concentration Cell Experiment |
| Oxygen Permeation |
| Zero-Driving Force Method |
| Chemical Relaxation |
| Coulometric Titration |
| Thermodynamic Data from Electrochemical Cells Involving Solid Electrolytes |
| Modifications in the Evaluation of Electrochemical Measurements Due to Internal Defect Reactions |
| Dynamic Interactions |
| Transport in Inhomogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Composite Systems |
| Related Techniques |
| Acknowledgment |
| Appendix 1-Terminal Potential Difference / A： |
| Appendix 2-Electrochemical Polarization / B： |
| Appendix 3-Chemical Polarization and Relaxation / C： |
| Appendix 4-Electrolytic Domain Boundaries / D： |
| Appendix 5-Coulometric Titration / E： |
| Appendix 6-Point Electrode Resistance / F： |
| Symbols |
| Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Carbon and Its Electrochemical Application to Electrode Material for Supercapacitors / Gyoung-Ja Lee |
| Preparation of Porous Carbons |
| Activation Method |
| Templating Method |
| Structural Characteristics of Porous Carbons |
| Types of Adsorption Isotherms and Hysteresis Loops |
| Determinations of Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution |
| Fractal Characteristics of Porous Carbons |
| Molecular Probe Method Using Gas Adsorption |
| Image Analysis Method |
| Electrochemical Characteristics of Carbon-Based Porous Electrodes For Supercapacitor: The Uses of AC-Impedance Spectroscopy, Current Transient and Cyclic Voltammetry |
| General Theory of Electrochemical Behavior of Porous Electrodes |
| Effect of Geometric Heterogeneity on Ion Penetration into the Pores during Double-Layer Charging/Discharging |
| Effect of Surface Inhomogeneity on Ion Penetration into the Pores during Double-Layer Charging/Discharging |
| Concluding Remark |
| Notation |
| The Use of Graphs in the Study of Electrochemical Reaction Networks / Joseph D. Fehribach |
| Reaction Species Graphs |
| Kinetic Graphs |
| Bipartite Graphs |
| Reaction Mechanism Graphs |
| MCFC Cathodic Reactions |
| Peroxide Mechanism |
| Superoxide-Peroxide Mechanism |
| HER Reactions |
| Reaction Route Graphs |
| Discussion: Other Reaction Graphs |
| Approximate Analytical Solutions for Models of Three-Dimensional Electrodes By Adomian's Decomposition Method / Yan-Ping Sun |
| Adomian's Decomposition Method (ADM) |
| Example of Applications to Catalytic reactions |
| Model Solution |
| Catalyst Slab |
| Spherical Catalyst Pellet |
| Concentration Profiles and Effectiveness |
| Concentration Profiles |
| Effectiveness |
| Application to the Influence of Mass Transport in Electrocatalysts |
| Internal Diffusion and Film Mass Transport |
| Agglomerate Model of Electrocatalysis |
| Application to Models For Three-Dimentional Electrodes |
| The General Form of Model of Three-Dimension Electrodes |
| Porous Electrode Reactor |
| Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor |
| Simplification of Packed-Bed Electrode with a Low Conversion |
| Examples of Packed-Bed Electrodes applications |
| Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrobenzene in a Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor |
| Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Propylene in a Sparged Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor |
| Two-Dimensional Model of Packed-Bed Electrodes |
| Acknowledgement |
| ADM's Nomenclature |
| Nomenclatures in this Paper |
| ADM Mathematica Codes / Appendix： |
| ADM to Solve One ODE |
| ADM to Solve the Coupled ODE's |
| Some Recent Studies in Ruthenium Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis / N. S. Marinkovic ; M. B. Vukmirovic ; R. R. Adzic |
| Preparation of Well-Ordered Ru Single-Crystal Surfaces |
| Electrochemistry of Single-Crystal Ru surfaces |
| Voltammetry Characterization |
| Surface X-Ray Diffraction Study |
| Infrared Spectroscopy and Anion Adsorption |
| Polycrystalline Ru Electrode / (i)： |
| Ru(0001) and Ru(1010) Single-Crystal Electrode Surfaces / (ii)： |
| Surface-Oxide Formation |
| Gas-Phase Oxidation |
| Electrochemical Oxidation |
| Electrocatalysis on Ru Single-Crystals and Nanoparticle Surfaces |
| Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Reactions |
| CO Oxidation |
| Oxygen Reduction Reaction |
| Pt-Ru Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts |
| Pt Submonolayers on Ru Single-Crystal Surfaces |
| Adsorption Properties of Pt Submonolayers on Ru(0001) |
| Pt Deposition on Ru Nanoparticles |
| EXAFS and TEM Characterization |
| H[subscript 2]/CO Oxidation |
| Fuel Cell Tests / (iii)： |
| High-Performance Electrodes for Medium-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells / Hiroyuki Uchida ; Masahiro Watanabe |
| Characteristics of SOFCs |
| Development of Medium-Temperature SOFCs |
| Design Concept of Catalyzed Reaction Layer for Medium-Temperature SOFC |
| Activation of Mixed-Conducting Ceria-Based Anode |
| Effect of Various Metal Catalysts Dispersed on Samaria-Doped Ceria |
| Effect of the Composition and Microstructure on the Performance of SDC Anodes |
| Activation of SDC Anode with Highly-Dispersed Ni Electrocatalysts |
| Activation of Mixed-Conducting Perovskite-Type Oxide Cathodes |
| La(Sr)MnO[subscript 3] Cathode with Highly Dispersed Pt Catalysts |
| La(Sr)CoO[subscript 3] Cathode with Ceria-Interlayer on Zirconia Electrolyte |
| Control of Microstructure of LSC Cathodes |
| Activation of the Optimized LSC Cathode by Loading nm-Sized Pt Catalysts |
| Effects of Ionic Conductivity of Zirconia Electrolytes on the Polarization Properties of Various Electrodes in SOFCs |
| Effect of [sigma subscript ion] on the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Rate at Porous Pt Anode |
| Effect of [sigma subscript ion] on Activities of Various Electrodes and the Reaction Mechanism |
| Electrochemical CO[subscript 2] Reduction on Metal Electrodes / Y. Hori |
| Fundamental Problems |
| Reactions Related with CO[subscript 2] Reduction |
| Electrochemical Equilibria |
| Equilibria of CO[subscript 2] Related Species in Aqueous Solution |
| Variation of pH at the Electrode During CO[subscript 2] Reduction |
| Problems Related with Experimental Procedures and Data Analysis |
| Difference Current Obtained from Voltammetric Measurements |
| Purity of the Electrolyte Solution |
| Overviews of Electrochemical Reduction of CO[subscript 2] at Metal Electrodes |
| Aqueous Solutions |
| Nonaqueous Solutions |
| Methanol, another Nonaqueous Solution |
| Electrochemical Reduction of CO[subscript 2] in High Concentration |
| CO[subscript 2] Reduction under Elevated Pressures |
| CO[subscript 2] Reduction Promoted by High Concentration |
| Electroactive Species in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO[subscript 2] |
| Deactivation of Electrocatalytic Activity of Metal Electrodes |
| Classification of Electrode Metals and Reaction Scheme |
| Classification of Electrode Metals and CO Selectivity |
| Electrode Potential of CO[subscript 2] Reduction at Various Metal Electrodes |
| Formation of CO[subscript 2 middle dot superscript -] Anion Radical and Further Reduction to HCOO[superscript -] |
| Formation of Adsorbed CO[subscript 2 middle dot superscript -] Leading to Further Reduction to CO or HCOO[superscript -] |
| Reaction Scheme in Nonaqueous Electrolyte |
| Electrochemical Reduction of CO[subscript 2] to CO at Selected Metal and Nonmetal Electrodes |
| CO Formation at Au, Ag, and Zn |
| Au |
| Ag |
| Zn |
| Platinum Group Metals |
| Pt |
| Pd |
| Other Platinum Group Metals |
| Ni and other CO Formation Metals |
| Non-metallic Electrode Materials for CO[subscript 2] Reduction |
| Mechanistic Studies of Electrochemical Reduction of CO[subscript 2] at Cu Electrode |
| Formation of CO as an Intermediate Species |
| CO[subscript 2] Reduction at Cu Electrode Affected by the Potential and the CO[subscript 2] Pressure |
| Electrolyte Solution, Anionic Species |
| Effects of Cationic Species in Electrolyte Solution |
| Reaction Mechanism at Cu Electrode |
| Surface Treatment, Alloying and Modification of Cu Electrode |
| CO[subscript 2] Reduction at Cu Single-Crystal Electrodes |
| Adsorption of CO on Cu Electrode: Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Studies |
| Attempts to Enhance the Transport Process in CO[subscript 2] Reduction |
| Elevated Pressure |
| Gas-Diffusion Electrode |
| Solid-Polymer Electrolytes |
| Three-Phase Electrodes |
| List of Abbreviations |
| Induced Codeposition of Alloys of Tungsten, Molybdenum and Rhenium with Transition Metals / Noam Eliaz ; Eliezer Gileadi |
| Metal Deposition as a Class of its Own |
| Redox Reactions |
| Metal Deposition and Dissolution |
| Specific Issues in Electrodeposition of Alloys |
| History |
| Special Considerations Related to Alloy Deposition |
| Anomalous Alloy Deposition |
| Possible Causes of Anomalous Alloy Deposition / (iv)： |
| Induced Codeposition / (v)： |
| Electroless Deposition of Alloys / (vi)： |
| Case Studies |
| Tungsten Alloys Containing Ni, Co and Fe |
| Properties of Tungsten Alloys |
| Applications of Tungsten Alloys |
| Electrodeposition of Tungsten Alloys |
| New Interpretation of the Mechanism of Ni-W Codeposition |
| Molybdenum Alloys Containing Ni, Co and Fe |
| Properties of Molybdenum Alloys |
| Applications of Molybdenum Alloys |
| Electrodeposition of Molybdenum Alloys |
| Rhenium and its Alloys |
| Properties of Rhenium and its Alloys |
| Applications of Rhenium and its Alloys |
| Electrodeposition of Rhenium and its Alloys |
| List of Abbreviations and Symbols |
| Appendices |
| 25 Years of the Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: 20 Years of Application of STM in Electrochemistry / Marek Szklarczyk ; Marcin Strawski ; Krzysztof Bienkowski |
| STM Landmarks |
| Solid-Vacuum Interface STM Investigations |
| STM Investigations in Air and in Liquid Environment: 20 Years in Electrochemical STM Probing |
| Imaging of Metals and Metallic Deposits |
| Imaging of Adsorbed Ions Adlattices |
| Imaging of Molecules |
| Imaging of Semiconductive Materials |
| Electrochemical Fabrication of Nanostructures: Nanolithography |
| Modern Applications of Electrochemical Technology / M. Schlesinger |
| LIGA, an Important Process in Micro-System Technology |
| Micro Systems |
| The LIGA Process |
| Microstructures Manufactured by the LIGA Process |
| The Sacrificial Layer Technique |
| Microstructures with Different Shapes in the Third Dimension |
| Applications in Semiconductor Technology |
| Cu Interconnections on Chips |
| Deposition of Cu Interconnections on Chips |
| Diffusion Barriers and Seed Layer |
| Super-Conformal Electrodeposition of Copper into Nanometer Vias and Trenches |
| Super-Conformal Electrodeposition |
| Mechanism of Super-Conformal Electrodeposition |
| Mathematical Modeling |
| Information Storage: Applications in the Fields of Magnetism and Microelectronic |
| Magnetic Information Storage |
| Read/Write Heads |
| High Frequency Magnetics |
| Spintronics |
| Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices |
| Background |
| Electrochemical Power Sources |
| Electrochemical Deposition in Medical Devices |
| Surface Electrochemistry in the Processing of Biomaterials |
| Materials Science of Biomaterials |
| Frontiers: Various Applications in the Field of Medicine |
| Preface |
| List of Contributors |
| Mathematical Modeling in Electrochemistry / Mordechay Schlesinger |
| High Precision Atomic Theory: Tests of Fundamental Understanding / G.W.F. Drake ; Qixue Wu ; Zheng Zhong |
| Modeling of Impedance of Porous Electrodes / Andrzej Lasia |
| Multiscale Mass Transport in Porous Silicon Gas Sensors / Peter A. Kottke ; Andrei G. Fedorov ; James L. Gole |
| Electrochemical Materials for PEM Fuel Cells: Insights from Physical Theory and Simulation / Michael H. Eikerling ; Kourosh Malek |
| Modeling of Catalyst Structure Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells / Jeremy P. Meyers |
| Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells / Adam Z. Weber ; Ryan Balliet ; Haluna P. Gunterman ; John Newman |
| Adaptive Characterization and Modeling of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications / Mark W. Verbrugge |
| Structure, Passivation and localized corrosion of metal surfaces / Vincent Maurice ; Philippe Marcus |
| Nucleation and Growth of Passive Films |
| Hydroxide Ion Adsorption and Growth of 2D Passive Layers |
| Copper |
| Silver |
| Nickel |
| Influence of 2D Passive Films on Dissolution |
| Structure of 3D Passive Films on Metals and Alloys |
| Crystalline Passive Films |
| Iron |
| Ageing Effects on Chromium-Rich Passive Films |
| Chromium |
| Stainless Steels |
| Dissolution in the Passive State |
| Nanostructure of Passive Film and Passivity Breakdown |
| Effect of Chlorides on Coalescence and Crystallization of the Passive Film |
| Breakdown at Oxide Grain Boundaries |
| Grain Boundary Model of Passivity Breakdown and Pit Initiation |
| Local Redistribution of the Potential Drop |
| Local Thinning of the Passive Film |
| Voiding at the Metal/Oxide Interface |
| Stress-Induced Fracture of the Passive Film |
| Anodic Oxide Films on Aluminum: their significance for corrosion Protection and Micro-and Nano-Technologies / Hideaki Takahashi ; Masatoshi Sakairi ; Tatsuya Kikuchi |
| Applications of Anodic Oxide Films |
| Structure and Properties of Oxide and Hydroxide Films |
| Pretreated-Surface Film |
| Thermal Oxide Film |
| Hydroxide Film |
| Barrier-Type Anodic Oxide Film (BAOF) |
| Porous Type Anodic Oxide Film (PAOF) |
| Structure |
| Growth under Steady Conditions |
| Growth under Transient Conditions |
| Changes in Film Structure by Combination of Treatments |
| Change of PAOF Structure by Heating, Boiling, and Anodizing in a Neutral Solution |
| Change in BAOF Structure by Heating, Boiling, and Anodizing in an Acid Solution |
| Change of the Structure of Thermal Oxide Films by Boiling, and Anodizing in a Neutral solution and in an Acid Solution |
| Changes in the Structure of Hydroxide Films by Heating and Anodizing in Acid and Neutral Solutions |
| Other Combination of Treatments |
| Role of Anodic Oxide Films in Corrosion Protection of Aluminum |
| Immersion of BAOF-Covered Aluminum in a Solution |
| Role of Anodic Oxide Films in Pitting Corrosion during Cathodic Polarization |
| Role of Anodic Oxide Films in the Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys in Alcohol at High Temperatures |
| Micro-and Nano-Technologies Based on Anodized Aluminum |
| Micro-Technologies with Laser Irradiation |
| Applications of Laser Irradiation Techniques |
| Printed Circuit Boards |
| Plastic Injection Molds |
| Electrochemical Micro-Reactor |
| Free-Standing Microstructures |
| Micro-Actuator |
| Printing Roll |
| Micro-and Nano-Patterning with AFM Probe Processing |
| Formation of Composite Oxide Films by the Combination of Anodizing with Other Coating Methods |
| Pore-Filling Method |
| Combination of Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition with Anodizing |
| Combination of Sol-Gel Dip Coating and Anodizing |
| Combination of Electrophoretic Sol-Gel Coating and Anodizing |
| Combination of Liquid Phase Deposition with Anodizing |
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