| 注 : ［ho］はoの上にバー |
| 注 : n［e］/n［a］/naは［e］と［a］の上にバー |
|
| 1 Adjectival expressions: noun-modifying 1 |
| 2 Adjectival expressions: as predicates 7 |
| 3 Adjective [proper] forms 9 |
| 4 Adverbs: by derivation 10 |
| 5 Adverbs: by meaning 13 |
| 6 aida [conjunctive particle] 21 |
| 7 aida [relational noun] 22 |
| 8 aida, mae, -nagara, -tsutsu, uchi: comparison 23 |
| 9 Animate and inanimate existential/locational verbs 25 |
| 10 Apposition of nouns 26 |
| 11 ato [relational noun] 27 |
| 12 ato and -te kara: comparison 29 |
| 13 -ba [conjunctive particle] 30 |
| 14 -ba, dattara, nara, -tara, to: comparison 35 |
| 15 baai [structural noun] 39 |
| 16 baai, toki: comparison 41 |
| 17 bakari [adverbial particle] 42 |
| 18 bakari, dake, shika: comparison 50 |
| 19 -beki [sentence ending] 51 |
| 20 Causative sentences 53 |
| 21 Causative passive sentences 57 |
| 22 Classicisms 59 |
| 23 Cleft sentences 60 |
| 24 Commands 61 |
| 25 Comparison 62 |
| 26 Complement clauses 69 |
| 27 Conditional sentences 70 |
| 28 Conjoining 70 |
| 29 Conjoining by comma 71 |
| 30 Conjunctions 72 |
| 31 Conjunctive forms 82 |
| 32 Conjunctive forms and particles: comparison 89 |
| 33 Contrast expressions: comparison 91 |
| 34 Conversions 93 |
| 35 Copula 96 |
| 36 Counters 98 |
| 37 dake [adverbial particlel 104 |
| 38 dattara [conjunctive particle] 110 |
| 39 datte [focus particle] 110 |
| 40 de [case particle] 110 |
| 41 de [case particle] and de [conjunctive form of copula]: comparison 115 |
| 42 demo [adverbial particle] 115 |
| 43 demo, made, mo, sae, sura: comparison 120 |
| 44 Demonstrative/question words and pronouns 120 |
| 45 Demonstrative words and pronouns: use 121 |
| 46 Desiderative sentencesi 124 |
| 47 de wa [source of information] 125 |
| 48 Dialect forms 125 |
| 49 -domo [suffix] 128 |
| 50 Double negatives 129 |
| 51 e[caseparticle] 134 |
| 52 Ellipsis 137 |
| 53 Forms of address: family (own and others') 140 |
| 54 Forms of address: non-family 144 |
| 55 ga [case particle] 144 |
| 56 ga [conjunctive particle] 152 |
| 57 -garu [suffix] 155 |
| 58 -gata [plural suffix: honorific] 158 |
| 59 -goro [suffix] 159 |
| 60 gotoshi [structural nounl 160 |
| 61 gurai/kurai [adverbial particle] 161 |
| 62 hazu [sentence ending] 166 |
| 63 ［ho］ [structural noun] 170 |
| 64 hodo [adverbial particle] 172 |
| 65 Honorific and humble forms (subject- and object-honorifics) 178 |
| 66 Honorific and humble nouns 187 |
| 67 Hortative: verb-(y)o [sentence ending] 189 |
| 68 hoshii [adjective of desire] 192 |
| 69 Imperative sentences 194 |
| 70 Inversion 197 |
| 71 ka [conjoining particle] 197 |
| 72 ka [question particle] 198 |
| 73 kamoshirenai [sentence ending] 198 |
| 74 kara [case particle] 199 |
| 75 kara [conjunctive particle] 200 |
| 76 -kare [adjectival ending] 207 |
| 77 -karo [adjectival ending] 208 |
| 78 -kata [nominalizing suffix] 208 |
| 79 keredomo (kedo/kedomo/keredo) [conjunctive particle] 208 |
| 80 -ki [classical adjective ending] 211 |
| 81 koro [time noun] 212 |
| 82 koso [adverbial particle] 213 |
| 83 koto [nominalizer] 218 |
| 84 koto and no [nominalizers]: comparison 224 |
| 85 made [case particle] 225 |
| 86 made [focus particle] 229 |
| 87 made-ni [case particle] 230 |
| 88 mae [relational noun] 233 |
| 89 -mai [sentence ending] 233 |
| 90 mama [structural noun] 236 |
| 91 -masu [polite ending] 239 |
| 92 -mi [nominalizing suffix] 239 |
| 93 mitai [sentence ending] 239 |
| 94 mo [focus particle] 242 |
| 95 mon(o) [conjunctive particle] 247 |
| 96 mon(o) [final particle] 248 |
| 97 mon(o) [lexical noun] 253 |
| 98 mono/mon nominalizer 255 |
| 99 Morphology 255 |
| 100 na (yo) [follows verb-stem]: familiar imperative 256 |
| 101 na (yo) [follows verb-ru]: negative imperative 256 |
| 102 nado [adverbial particle] 257 |
| 103 -nagara [conjunctive particle] 260 |
| 104 (-)nai [negative ending/negative adjective]: forms 262 |
| 105 naka [relational noun] 263 |
| 106 nanka [adverbial particle] 263 |
| 107 nante [adverbial particle] 266 |
| 108 nara [conjunctive particle] 269 |
| 109 Nationality 274 |
| 110 ne [final particle] (also n［e］/n［a］/na) 27 |
| 111 Negative sentences 278 |
| 112 Negative conjunctive forms 284 |
| 113 Negative imperatives: nakare 291 |
| 114 Negative questions 292 |
| 115 Negative questions: how to answer 295 |
| 116 ni [case particle] 297 |
| 117 ni atatte [phrasal particle] 306 |
| 118 ni chigai nai [sentence ending] 307 |
| 119 ni hanshi(te) [phrasal particle] 308 |
| 120 ni kakete [phrasal particle] 309 |
| 121 ni kanshi(te) [phrasal particle] 311 |
| 122 ni kawatte [phrasal particle] 311 |
| 123 ni oite [phrasal particle] 312 |
| 124 ni saishi(te) [phrasal particle] 313 |
| 125 ni taishi(te) [phrasal particle] 314 |
| 126 ni totte [phrasal particle] 315 |
| 127 ni tsuite [phrasal particle] 316 |
| 128 ni tsuki [phrasal particle] 317 |
| 129 ni yoreba [phrase] 318 |
| 130 ni yori [phrasal particle] 318 |
| 131 ni yoru to [phrase] 318 |
| 132 ni yotte [phrasal particle] 320 |
| 133 no [case particle] 321 |
| 134 no [final particle] 328 |
| 135 no [nominalizer] 330 |
| 136 no [pronoun] 332 |
| 137 no-adjectives 333 |
| 138 n(o) da [sentence ending] 334 |
| 139 node [conjunctive particle] 336 |
| 140 noni [follows verb/adjective/adjectival noun/noun] 337 |
| 141 noni [follows verb-ru] 339 |
| 142 Non-past verb forms 340 |
| 143 Noun modification and relative clauses 342 |
| 144 Nouns 345 |
| 145 Noun reduplication 346 |
| 146 Number and counter combinations 347 |
| 147 Numbers 347 |
| 148 o [case particle] 353 |
| 149 o and kara [case particles] with verbs of motion: comparison 356 |
| 150 o megutte [phrasal particle] 356 |
| 151 o motte [phrasal particle] 357 |
| 152 o toshite [ph rasal particle] 358 |
| 153 Onomatope (sound symbolism) 359 |
| 154 Ordinal numbers 361 |
| 155 Particles 362 |
| 156 Passive sentences 364 |
| 157 Pejorative verbs 370 |
| 158 Personal pronouns and suffixes 370 |
| 159 Phrasal particles 377 |
| 160 Point of view 377 |
| 161 Potential sentences 386 |
| 162 -ppoi [adjective-forming suffix] 392 |
| 163 Presumptive forms 393 |
| 164 Questions: direct questions 397 |
| 165 Questions: formal questions with non-questio meanings 403 |
| 166 Questions: indirect questions 406 |
| 167 Question words 410 |
| 168 -ra [plural suffix] 419 |
| 169 rashii [sentence ending] 420 |
| 170 Reflexive pronouns 424 |
| 171 Relational nouns 429 |
| 172 Repetition 429 |
| 173 Requests 431 |
| 174 sa [final particle] 434 |
| 175 -sa [nominalizing suffix] 435 |
| 176 sae [focus particle] 436 |
| 177 Sentence endings 439 |
| 178 Sentence types 440 |
| 179 shi [conjunctive particle] 448 |
| 180 shika [adverbial particle] 449 |
| 181 so [sentence ending] 451 |
| 182 -so [sentence ending] 456 |
| 183 Spontaneous sentences 458 |
| 184 Stem forms 458 |
| 185 sura [focus particle] 460 |
| 186 suru/naru sentences 463 |
| 187 -ta [past/perfective ending] 464 |
| 188 -tachi [plural suffix] 465 |
| 189 -tai [sentence ending] 467 |
| 190 tame [structural noun] 469 |
| 191 -tara [conjunctive particle] 471 |
| 192 -tari [conjunctive particle] 478 |
| 193 -tatte [conjunctive particle] 479 |
| 194 -taro [presumptive ending] 479 |
| 195 -to ageru [performative sentence ending] 479 |
| 196 -te aru [sentence ending] 484 |
| 197 -to hoshii [sentence ending] 485 |
| 198 -to iku/-teku [sentence ending] 487 |
| 199 -to iru/-teru [sentence ending] 487 |
| 200 -to itadaku [performative sentence ending] 491 |
| 201 -to kara [conjunctive particle] 495 |
| 202 -to kudasaru [performative sentence ending] 497 |
| 203 -te kureru [performative sentence ending] 499 |
| 204 -te kuru [sentence ending] 504 |
| 205 -te miru [sentence ending] 506 |
| 206 -te mo [conjunctive particle] 506 |
| 207 -to morau [performative sentence ending] 512 |
| 208 -to oku/-toku [sentence ending] 516 |
| 209 -to shimau/-chau [sentence ending] 518 |
| 210 -to wa [conjunctive particle] 519 |
| 211 -to yaru [performative sentence ending] 521 |
| 212 -teki [adjective-forming suffix] 523 |
| 213 to [adverbial particle] 525 |
| 214 to [case particle] 526 |
| 215 to [conjoining particle] 527 |
| 216 to [conjunctive particle] 528 |
| 217 to [quotation particle] 531 |
| 218 to iu [phrase] 532 |
| 219 to shite [phrasal particle] 540 |
| 220 toka [conjoining particle] 542 |
| 221 toki [conjunctive particle] 543 |
| 222 toki [time noun] 548 |
| 223 Transitive/intransitive verb pairs 549 |
| 224 tsumori [sentence ending] 551 |
| 225 -tsutsu [conjunctive particle] 554 |
| 226 -tsutsu aru [sentence ending] 556 |
| 227 -tte [sentence ending] 556 |
| 228 tte/te [quotation/definition particle equivalent] 557 |
| 229 uchi [conjunctive particle] 558 |
| 230 uchi [relational noun] 563 |
| 231 Valency 564 |
| 232 Verb forms 565 |
| 233 Verb types: stative, dynamic, action and change 569 |
| 234 Verbal nouns 571 |
| 235 Vocabulary 572 |
| 236 wa [focus particle] 577 |
| 237 wa [final particle] 587 |
| 238 wa and ga: comparison 588 |
| 239 wake [sentence ending] 590 |
| 240 wake and hazu [sentence endings]: comparison 593 |
| 241 ya [conjoining particle] 593 |
| 242 yo [final particle] 594 |
| 243 yo [sentence ending] 595 |
| 244 yo, mitai, so, -so, rashii, to iu, -tte: comparison 604 |
| 245 -yo [nominalizing suffix] 606 |
| 246 -(y)o [sentence ending] 607 |
| 247 -(y)o mono nara 608 |
| 248 -(y)o to [adverbial phrase] 608 |
| 249 -(y)o to omou/kangaeru [sentence ending] 609 |
| 250 -(y)o to suru [sentence ending] 610 |
| 251 yori [case particle] 611 |
| 252 yori [comparative particle] 612 |
| 253 ze [final particle] 613 |
| 254 zo [final particle] 614 |
| 255 -zutsu [adverbial particle] 615 |
図書
