Preface |
Acknowledgments |
Symbols and Notations |
Introduction / 1: |
Historical Use of Foundations / 1.1: |
Kinds of Foundations and their Uses / 1.2: |
Spread Footings and Mats / 1.2.1: |
Deep Foundations / 1.2.2: |
Hybrid Foundations / 1.2.3: |
Concepts in Design / 1.3: |
Visit the Site / 1.3.1: |
Obtain Information on Geology at Site / 1.3.2: |
Obtain Information on Magnitude and Nature of Loads on Foundation / 1.3.3: |
Obtain Information on Properties of Soil at Site / 1.3.4: |
Consider Long-Term Effects / 1.3.5: |
Pay Attention to Analysis / 1.3.6: |
Provide Recommendations for Tests of Deep Foundations / 1.3.7: |
Observe the Behavior of the Foundation of a Completed Structure / 1.3.8: |
Problems |
Engineering Geology / 2: |
Nature of Soil Affected by Geologic Processes / 2.1: |
Nature of Transported Soil / 2.2.1: |
Weathering and Residual Soil / 2.2.2: |
Nature of Soil Affected by Volcanic Processes / 2.2.3: |
Nature of Glaciated Soil / 2.2.4: |
Karst Geology / 2.2.5: |
Available Data on Regions in the United States / 2.3: |
U.S. Geological Survey and State Agencies / 2.4: |
Examples of the Application of Engineering Geology / 2.5: |
Site Visit / 2.6: |
Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics / 3: |
Data Needed for the Design of Foundations / 3.1: |
Soil and Rock Classification / 3.2.1: |
Position of the Water Table / 3.2.2: |
Shear Strength and Density / 3.2.3: |
Deformability Characteristics / 3.2.4: |
Prediction of Changes in Conditions and the Environment / 3.2.5: |
Nature of Soil / 3.3: |
Grain-Size Distribution / 3.3.1: |
Types of Soil and Rock / 3.3.2: |
Mineralogy of Common Geologic Materials / 3.3.3: |
Water Content and Void Ratio / 3.3.4: |
Saturation of Soil / 3.3.5: |
Weight-Volume Relationships / 3.3.6: |
Atterberg Limits and the Unified Soils Classification System / 3.3.7: |
Concept of Effective Stress / 3.4: |
Laboratory Tests for Consolidation of Soils / 3.4.1: |
Spring and Piston Model of Consolidation / 3.4.2: |
Determination of Initial Total Stresses / 3.4.3: |
Calculation of Total and Effective Stresses / 3.4.4: |
The Role of Effective Stress in Soil Mechanics / 3.4.5: |
Analysis of Consolidation and Settlement / 3.5: |
Time Rates of Settlement / 3.5.1: |
One-Dimensional Consolidation Testing / 3.5.2: |
The Consolidation Curve / 3.5.3: |
Calculation of Total Settlement / 3.5.4: |
Calculation of Settlement Due to Consolidation / 3.5.5: |
Reconstruction of the Field Consolidation Curve / 3.5.6: |
Effects of Sample Disturbance on Consolidation Properties / 3.5.7: |
Correlation of Consolidation Indices with Index Tests / 3.5.8: |
Comments on Accuracy of Settlement Computations / 3.5.9: |
Shear Strength of Soils / 3.6: |
Friction Between Two Surfaces in Contact / 3.6.1: |
Direct Shear Testing / 3.6.3: |
Triaxial Shear Testing / 3.6.4: |
Drained Triaxial Tests on Sand / 3.6.5: |
Triaxial Shear Testing of Saturated Clays / 3.6.6: |
The SHANSEP Method / 3.6.7: |
Other Types of Shear Testing for Soils / 3.6.8: |
Selection of the Appropriate Testing Method / 3.6.9: |
Investigation of Subsurface Conditions / 4: |
Methods of Advancing Borings / 4.1: |
Wash-Boring Technique / 4.2.1: |
Continuous-Flight Auger with Hollow Core / 4.2.2: |
Methods of Sampling / 4.3: |
Sampling with Thin-Walled Tubes / 4.3.1: |
Sampling with Thick-Walled Tubes / 4.3.3: |
Sampling Rock / 4.3.4: |
In Situ Testing of Soil / 4.4: |
Cone Penetrometer and Piezometer-Cone Penetrometer / 4.4.1: |
Vane Shear Device / 4.4.2: |
Pressuremeter / 4.4.3: |
Boring Report / 4.5: |
Subsurface Investigations for Offshore Structures / 4.6: |
Principal Types of Foundations / 5: |
Shallow Foundations / 5.1: |
Driven Piles with Impact Hammer / 5.2: |
Drilled Shafts / 5.2.3: |
Augercast Piles / 5.2.4: |
GeoJet Piles / 5.2.5: |
Micropiles / 5.2.6: |
Caissons / 5.3: |
Hybrid Foundation / 5.4: |
Designing Stable Foundations / 6: |
Total and Differential Settlement / 6.1: |
Allowable Settlement of Structures / 6.3: |
Tolerance of Buildings to Settlement / 6.3.1: |
Exceptional Case of Settlement / 6.3.2: |
Problems in Proving Settlement / 6.3.3: |
Soil Investigations Appropriate to Design / 6.4: |
Planning / 6.4.1: |
Favorable Profiles / 6.4.2: |
Soils with Special Characteristics / 6.4.3: |
Calcareous Soil / 6.4.4: |
Use of Valid Analytical Methods / 6.5: |
Oil Tank in Norway / 6.5.1: |
Transcona Elevator in Canada / 6.5.2: |
Bearing Piles in China / 6.5.3: |
Foundations at Unstable Slopes / 6.6: |
Pendleton Levee / 6.6.1: |
Fort Peck Dam / 6.6.2: |
Effects of Installation on the Quality of Deep Foundations / 6.7: |
Effects of Installation of Deep Foundations on Nearby Structures / 6.7.1: |
Driving Piles / 6.8.1: |
Effects of Excavations on Nearby Structures / 6.9: |
Deleterious Effects of the Environment on Foundations / 6.10: |
Scour of Soil at Foundations / 6.11: |
Theories of Bearing Capacity and Settlement / 7: |
Terzaghi's Equations for Bearing Capacity / 7.1: |
Revised Equations for Bearing Capacity / 7.3: |
Extended Formulas for Bearing Capacity by J. Brinch Hansen / 7.4: |
Eccentricity / 7.4.1: |
Load Inclination Factors / 7.4.2: |
Base and Ground Inclination / 7.4.3: |
Shape Factors / 7.4.4: |
Depth Effect / 7.4.5: |
Depth Factors / 7.4.6: |
General Formulas / 7.4.7: |
Passive Earth Pressure / 7.4.8: |
Soil Parameters / 7.4.9: |
Example Computations / 7.4.10: |
Equations for Computing Consolidation Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Saturated Clays / 7.5: |
Prediction of Total Settlement Due to Loading of Clay Below the Water Table / 7.5.1: |
Prediction of Time Rate of Settlement Due to Loading of Clay Below the Water Table / 7.5.3: |
Principles for the Design of Foundations / 8: |
Standards of Professional Conduct / 8.1: |
Fundamental Principles / 8.2.1: |
Fundamental Canons / 8.2.2: |
Design Team / 8.3: |
Codes and Standards / 8.4: |
Details of the Project / 8.5: |
Factor of Safety / 8.6: |
Selection of a Global Factor of Safety / 8.6.1: |
Selection of Partial Factors of Safety / 8.6.2: |
Design Process / 8.7: |
Specifications and Inspection of the Project / 8.8: |
Observation of the Completed Structure / 8.9: |
Appendix 8.1 |
Geotechnical Design of Shallow Foundations / 9: |
Problems with Subsidence / 9.1: |
Designs to Accommodate Construction / 9.3: |
Dewatering During Construction / 9.3.1: |
Dealing with Nearby Structures / 9.3.2: |
Shallow Foundations on Sand / 9.4: |
Immediate Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Sand / 9.4.1: |
Bearing Capacity of Footings on Sand / 9.4.3: |
Design of Rafts on Sand / 9.4.4: |
Shallow Foundations on Clay / 9.5: |
Settlement from Consolidation / 9.5.1: |
Immediate Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Clay / 9.5.2: |
Design of Shallow Foundations on Clay / 9.5.3: |
Design of Rafts / 9.5.4: |
Shallow Foundations Subjected to Vibratory Loading / 9.6: |
Designs in Special Circumstances / 9.7: |
Freezing Weather / 9.7.1: |
Design of Shallow Foundations on Collapsible Soil / 9.7.2: |
Design of Shallow Foundations on Expansive Clay / 9.7.3: |
Design of Shallow Foundations on Layered Soil / 9.7.4: |
Analysis of a Response of a Strip Footing by Finite Element Method / 9.7.5: |
Geotechnical Design of Driven Piles Under Axial Loads / 10: |
Comment on the Nature of the Problem / 10.1: |
Methods of Computation / 10.2: |
Behavior of Axially Loaded Piles / 10.2.1: |
Geotechnical Capacity of Axially Loaded Piles / 10.2.2: |
Basic Equation for Computing the Ultimate Geotechnical Capacity of a Single Pile / 10.3: |
API Methods / 10.3.1: |
Revised Lambda Method / 10.3.2: |
U.S. Army Corps Method / 10.3.3: |
FHWA Method / 10.3.4: |
Analyzing the Load-Settlement Relationship of an Axially Loaded Pile / 10.4: |
Methods of Analysis / 10.4.1: |
Interpretation of Load-Settlement Curves / 10.4.2: |
Investigation of Results Based on the Proposed Computation Method / 10.5: |
Example Problems / 10.6: |
Skin Friction / 10.6.1: |
Analysis of Pile Driving / 10.7: |
Dynamic Formulas / 10.7.1: |
Reasons for the Problems with Dynamic Formulas / 10.7.3: |
Dynamic Analysis by the Wave Equation / 10.7.4: |
Effects of Pile Driving / 10.7.5: |
Effects of Time After Pile Driving with No Load / 10.7.6: |
Geotechnical Design of Drilled Shafts Under Axial Loading / 11: |
Presentation of the FHWA Design Procedure / 11.1: |
Strength and Serviceability Requirements / 11.2.1: |
General Requirements / 11.3.1: |
Stability Analysis / 11.3.2: |
Strength Requirements / 11.3.3: |
Design Criteria / 11.4: |
Applicability and Deviations / 11.4.1: |
Loading Conditions / 11.4.2: |
Allowable Stresses / 11.4.3: |
General Computations for Axial Capacity of Individual Drilled Shafts / 11.5: |
Design Equations for Axial Capacity in Compression and in Uplift / 11.6: |
Description of Soil and Rock for Axial Capacity Computations / 11.6.1: |
Design for Axial Capacity in Cohesive Soils / 11.6.2: |
Design for Axial Capacity in Cohesionless Soils / 11.6.3: |
Design for Axial Capacity in Cohesive Intermediate Geomaterials and Jointed Rock / 11.6.4: |
Design for Axial Capacity in Cohesionless Intermediate Geomaterials / 11.6.5: |
Design for Axial Capacity in Massive Rock / 11.6.6: |
Addition of Side Resistance and End Bearing in Rock / 11.6.7: |
Commentary on Design for Axial Capacity in Karst / 11.6.8: |
Comparison of Results from Theory and Experiment / 11.6.9: |
Fundamental Concepts Regarding Deep Foundations Under Lateral Loading / 12: |
Description of the Problem / 12.1: |
Occurrence of Piles Under Lateral Loading / 12.1.2: |
Historical Comment / 12.1.3: |
Derivation of the Differential Equation / 12.2: |
Solution of the Reduced Form of the Differential Equation / 12.2.1: |
Respone of Soil to Lateral Loading / 12.3: |
Effect of the Nature of Loading on the Response of Soil / 12.4: |
Method of Analysis for Introductory Solutions for a Single Pile / 12.5: |
Example Solution Using Nondimensional Charts for Analysis of a Single Pile / 12.6: |
Analysis of Individual Deep Foundations Under Axial Loading Using t-z Model / 13: |
Short-Term Settlement and Uplift / 13.1: |
Settlement and Uplift Movements / 13.1.1: |
Basic Equations / 13.1.2: |
Finite Difference Equations / 13.1.3: |
Load-Transfer Curves / 13.1.4: |
Load-Transfer Curves for Side Resistance in Cohesive Soil / 13.1.5: |
Load-Transfer Curves for End Bearing in Cohesive Soil / 13.1.6: |
Load-Transfer Curves for Side Resistance in Cohesionless Soil / 13.1.7: |
Load-Transfer Curves for End Bearing in Cohesionless Soil / 13.1.8: |
Load-Transfer Curves for Cohesionless Intermediated Geomaterials / 13.1.9: |
Example Problem / 13.1.10: |
Experimental Techniques for Obtaining Load-Transfer Versus Movement Curves / 13.1.11: |
Design for Vertical Ground Movements Due to Downdrag or Expansive Uplift / 13.2: |
Downward Movement Due to Downdrag / 13.2.1: |
Upward Movement Due to Expansive Uplift / 13.2.2: |
Analysis and Design by Computer or Piles Subjected to Lateral Loading / 14: |
Nature of the Comprehensive Problem / 14.1: |
Differential Equation for a Comprehensive Solution / 14.2: |
Recommendations for p-y Curves for Soil and Rock / 14.3: |
Recommendations for p-y Curves for Clays / 14.3.1: |
Recommendations for p-y Curves for Sands / 14.3.3: |
Modifications to p-y Curves for Sloping Ground / 14.3.4: |
Modifications for Raked (Battered Piles) / 14.3.5: |
Recommendations for p-y Curves for Rock / 14.3.6: |
Solution of the Differential Equation by Computer / 14.4: |
Formulation of the Equation by Finite Differences / 14.4.1: |
Equations for Boundary Conditions for Useful Solutions / 14.4.3: |
Implementation of Computer Code / 14.5: |
Selection of the Length of the Increment / 14.5.1: |
Safe Penetration of Pile with No Axial Load / 14.5.2: |
Buckling of a Pipe Extending Above the Groundline / 14.5.3: |
Steel Pile Supporting a Retaining Wall / 14.5.4: |
Drilled Shaft Supporting an Overhead Structure / 14.5.5: |
Analysis of Pile Groups / 15: |
Distribution of Load to Piles in a Group: The Two-Dimensional Problem / 15.1: |
Model of the Problem / 15.2.1: |
Detailed Step-by-Step Solution Procedure / 15.2.2: |
Modification of p-y Curves for Battered Piles / 15.3: |
Example Solution Showing Distribution of a Load to Piles in a Two-Dimensional Group / 15.4: |
Solution by Hand Computations / 15.4.1: |
Efficiency of Piles in Groups Under Lateral Loading / 15.5: |
Modifying Lateral Resistance of Closely Spaced Piles / 15.5.1: |
Customary Methods of Adjusting Lateral Resistance for Close Spacing / 15.5.2: |
Adjusting for Close Spacing under Lateral Loading by Modified p-y Curves / 15.5.3: |
Efficiency of Piles in Groups Under Axial Loading / 15.6: |
Efficiency of Piles in a Group in Cohesionless Soils / 15.6.1: |
Efficiency of Piles in a Group in Cohesive Soils / 15.6.3: |
Concluding Comments / 15.6.4: |
Appendix |
References |
Index |
List of Symbols and Notations |
Introduction to Part |
Gain Information of Geology at Site / 1.1.1: |
Consideration of Long-term Effects |
Appropriate Attention to Analysis |
Recommendations for Tests of Deep Foundations |
Observe Behavior of Foundation for Completed Structure |
Examples of Application of Engineering Geology |
Data Needed to Design Foundations |
Solid and Rock Classification |
Location of the Water Table |
Grain-size Distribution |
Calculation of Settlement due to Consolidation |
Selection of the Appropriate Test Method |
Wash-boring Technique |
Continuous-flight Auger with Hollow Core |
Sampling with Thick-Walled Tube |
Designing Stable Fou |