The Nature of Physical Evidence / 1: |
Science and the Law / I.: |
Principles and Processes of Criminalistics / II.: |
The Principles / A.: |
The Processes / B.: |
Identification / 1.: |
Classification and Individualization / 2.: |
Association / 3.: |
Reconstruction / 4.: |
Fingerprints and DNA / III.: |
Conventional Blood Typing / IV.: |
The Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence / 2: |
Extraneous Substances |
Collection of Evidence |
Preservation of Evidence |
Evaluation of Evidence |
RFLP |
PCR |
A Short History of DNA Typing / 3: |
The Scientific Basis of DNA Typing / 4: |
Why DNA? |
An Introduction to Human Genetics |
The Physical Basis of Heredity |
Alleles: Variations on a Theme |
Population Genetics / C.: |
An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of DNA |
Two Kinds of Variation |
Enzymes: The Workhorses of the Biological World / V.: |
An Overview of Forensic DNA Typing Systems / 5: |
RELP Analysis |
PCR Amplification |
HLA DQ[alpha]/HLA DQA1 |
AmpliType PM |
D1S80 |
STRs / D.: |
Gender Identification / E.: |
Y-STRs / F.: |
Mitochondrial DNA / G.: |
What Kinds of Samples Can be Analyzed? |
How Much Sample Do You Need? |
Procedures for Forensic DNA Analysis / 6: |
Isolation of DNA |
Chelex Extraction |
QiaAmp Extraction |
Organic Extraction |
Differential Extraction |
Determining the Quality and Quantity of DNA |
Determination of Quantity |
Determination of Quality |
RFLP Analysis |
Analysis of PCR Product |
Sequence Polymorphisms |
AmpliType PM+DQA1 |
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) |
Length Polymorphisms (D1S80, STRs, Gender ID) |
Automated Analysis Systems / VI.: |
Automated DNA Extraction and Amplification |
Liquid Blood Transfer |
DNA Extraction |
Quantitation |
Amplification |
Robot Issues / 5.: |
Summary of Automated Procedures |
Interpretation of DNA Typing Results / 7: |
Complicating Factors |
Multiple Contributors |
Sexual Assault Evidence |
Non-sexual Assault Mixtures |
Degradation |
Chemical Inhibition of Enzymes |
Non-human DNA |
System-Specific Interpretational Issues |
Multi-(More Than Two) Banded Patterns |
Single-Banded Patterns |
Summary of RFLP Interpretational Issues |
PCR Systems |
Nuclear DNA |
Summary of PCR Systems Interpretational Issues |
Summary of DNA Interpretation Issues |
Assessing the Strength of the Evidence / 8: |
Determination of Genetic Concordance |
Continuous Allele Systems |
Discrete Allele Systems |
Evaluation of Results |
Frequency Estimate Calculations |
Population Substructure |
Estimating Frequencies |
Continuous Allele Systems (RFLP) |
Discrete Allele Systems (all PCR systems) |
Correction Factors |
Relatives |
Counting Method |
Error Rates / 6.: |
Likelihood Ratios |
What Is the Question? |
Complex Evidence |
Mixtures |
Articulating the Hypothesis |
When Is a DNA Profile Unique |
The DNA Databank / 9: |
Premise of a Databank |
The Difference Between a Databank and a Database |
Elements of a Successful Databank |
Legislation |
Collection of Samples |
Offenders |
Cases |
Analysis of Samples |
Choice of Markers |
Transforming Analyzed Data into a Database |
The Computer Program |
Communication Between Laboratories |
Privacy |
Flow of Offender Data into the Databank |
Import of Profiles into the Database |
Categories and Indexes |
Searching Profiles / 7.: |
Confirmation of a Match / 8.: |
United States Statistics / 9.: |
Summary |
Quality Assurance / 10: |
Certification and Accreditation |
Certification |
Accreditation |
SWDAM (Formerly TWGDAM) |
NRC I and II |
NRC I |
NRC II |
Federal DNA Advisory Board |
Admissibility Standards: Science on Trial in the Courtroom / 11: |
Frye, Daubert, and the Federal Rules of Evidence |
The Frye Standard |
The Federal Rules of Evidence |
The Daubert Standard |
Past Admissibility |
DNA: Some Landmark Cases |
PCR: DQ[alpha]/A1, Polymarker, D1S80 |
PCR: STRs |
The State of the Debate |
Epilogue / 12: |
Glossary / Appendix A: |
Key Phrases / Appendix B: |
Assessment Tools / Appendix C: |
Chromosomal Locations / Appendix D: |
Profile Frequency Calculation / Appendix E: |
Likelihood Ratio and Probability of Exclusion / Appendix F: |
DAB 98 / Appendix G: |
DAB Statistics / Appendix H: |
NRC I, II / Appendix I: |
DNA Statutes / Appendix J: |
DNA Decision Summary / Appendix K: |
List STR decisions / Appendix L: |
Internet Resources / Appendix M: |
Index |
The Nature of Physical Evidence / 1: |
Science and the Law / I.: |
Principles and Processes of Criminalistics / II.: |