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1.

図書
図書
1. Fusion of biological membranes and related problems
edited by Herwig Hilderson and Stephen Fuller
出版情報: New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum, c2000  xxvii, 529 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Subcellular biochemistry ; v. 34
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The Secretory Pathway: From History to the State of the Art / Cordula Harter ; Constanze ReinhardChapter 1：
Summary / 1.：
Definition of the Secretory Pathway / 2.：
Discovery / 2.1.：
Stations of the Secretory Pathway / 2.2.：
Endoplasmic Reticulum / 2.2.1.：
ER-Golgi Intermediate Compartment / 2.2.2.：
The Golgi Apparatus / 2.2.3.：
Transport through the Secretory Pathway / 3.：
Export from the ER / 3.1.：
COPII-Coated Vesicles / 3.1.1.：
Transport into and through the Golgi / 3.2.：
COPI-Coated Vesicles / 3.2.1.：
Sorting at the trans-Golgi Network / 3.3.：
Clathrin-Coated Vesicles / 3.3.1.：
Recycling Pathways / 3.4.：
Membrane Proteins in Vesicle Formation and Cargo Selection / 3.5.：
Membrane Proteins of COP-Coated Vesicles / 3.5.1.：
Membrane Proteins of Clathrin-Coated Vesicles / 3.5.2.：
Mechanism of Vesicle Formation: Insights from the COPI System / 4.：
Bivalent Interaction of Coatomer / 4.1.：
Reconstitution of Coated Vesicles from Chemically Defined Liposomes / 4.2.：
Polymerization of Coatomer and COPI Bud Formation / 4.3.：
Mechanism of Vesicle Fusion / 5.：
SNARE Proteins / 5.1.：
NSF / 5.2.：
Additional Proteins Involved in Vesicle Fusion / 5.3.：
Targeting Proteins / 5.3.1.：
Modulators of SNARE Action / 5.3.2.：
Perspectives / 6.：
References / 7.：
Neurotoxins as Tools in Dissecting the Exocytic Machinery / Michal LinialChapter 2：
Introduction
The Core of the Exocytic Machinery--the SNAREs / 1.1.：
Direct Associates of SNAREs / 1.2.：
Dynamic View of Secretion / 1.3.：
Latrotoxin and Related Toxins
Biology of the Toxins--Cell Recognition
Structure and Biochemical Properties
Clostridial Toxins
Biology of the Toxins--Cell Recognition and Activation
Investigating Secretion with Clostridial Toxins--The Methodologies
In vivo--Genetic Approach
In vitro--Tissues and Cells
In vitro--Overexpressed Proteins
Clostridial Toxins as Molecular Probes for Secretion
Probes for Evolutionary Conservation and Diversity
Probes for Structural Specificity
Identifying New SNAREs, Their Associates and Their Roles
Studying the Diversity of Secretory Systems / 5.4.：
Clostridial Toxins as Therapeutic Tools
A Clinical Perspective / 6.1.：
In Model Systems / 6.2.：
Future Perspective
Annexins and Membrane Fusion / Helmut Kubista ; Sandra Sacre ; Stephen E. Moss8.：
Annexins in Membrane Fusion
The Structural Basis of Annexin-Membrane Interactions
Modulation of Annexin-Membrane Interactions by Phosphorylation
Annexins and Membrane Fusion in Exocytosis / 2.3.：
A Membrane Fusion Protein Activated by Ca[superscript 2+], GTP and Protein Kinase C / 2.3.1.：
Docking of Secretory Granules to the Plasma Membrane by Annexins / 2.3.2.：
Annexins and Vesicle Aggregation / 2.3.3.：
Annexins and the Organization of Membrane Microdomains / 2.3.4.：
Annexins as Membrane Fusogens / 2.3.5.：
Annexin-Mediated Ion Fluxes in Exocytosis / 2.3.6.：
Annexin Binding to Secretory Regulators / 2.3.7.：
Annexins and Membrane Fusion in Endocytosis
Annexin VI
Annexin II
Annexin I
Phagocytosis
Association of Annexins with Phagosomes
Annexin I and Phagocytosis in Neutrophils and Macrophages
The Annexin Family in Neutrophil Phagocytosis
Annexins in Regulated Exocytosis
Annexins from Simple Organisms
Annexin I in Exocytosis
Annexin II in Exocytosis
Annexin III in Exocytosis
Annexin V in Exocytosis / 5.5.：
Annexin VI in Exocytosis / 5.6.：
Annexin VII in Exocytosis / 5.7.：
Annexin XIII in Exocytosis / 5.8.：
Evidence against a Role for Annexins in Vesicle Trafficking
Annexins: Fusogenic or Non-Fusogenic
Conclusion and Outlook
The Full Complement of Yeast Ypt/Rab-GTPases and Their Involvement in Exo- and Endocytic Trafficking / Martin Gotte ; Thomas Lazar ; Jin-San Yoo ; Dietrich Scheglmann ; Dieter Gallwitz9.：
The Ras-Superfamily
The Ypt Protein: Structure
The GTPase Cycle
Ypt GTPases and SNAREs: The Fusion Machinery
The Ypt Family One by One
Ypt1p
Ypt31p/Ypt32p
Sec4p / 6.3.：
Ypt51p/Ypt52p/Ypt53p / 6.4.：
Ypt7p / 6.5.：
Ypt6p / 6.6.：
Ypt10p / 6.7.：
Ypt11p / 6.8.：
How Few Ypt GTPases Are Enough?
Essential and Nonessential Ypt GTPases / 7.1.：
Redundancy among Ypt GTPases / 7.2.：
Ypt GTPases and Vesicular Trafficking Routes / 7.3.：
Possible Roles of Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Esters in the Fusion of Biomembranes / Nils Joakim Faergeman ; Tina Ballegaard ; Jens Knudsen ; Paul N. Black ; Concetta DiRussoChapter 5：
Biophysical Properties of Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Esters and Their Interaction with Biomembranes
Vesicle Trafficking
Assembly of Transport Vesicles
Fusion of Transport Vesicles
Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Esters as Cofactors for Vesicles Budding and Fusion
Palmitoylation of Proteins Involved in Membrane Trafficking
The Enzymology of Protein Palmitoylation
Palmitoylation and Membrane Fusion, Similarities Between Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and SNAREs
A Putative Link Between Coat Assembly, Phospholipases, Protein Kinases and Acyl-CoA Esters / 4.4.：
Acyl-CoA-Dependent Lipid Remodeling in Vesicle Trafficking
Acyl-CoA and Vesicle Trafficking, Lessons from Yeast Mutants
Allosteric Effects of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA on Vesicle Trafficking
Acyl-CoA Regulation of Ion Fluxes
Intracellular Acyl-CoA Binding Proteins
Acyl-CoA Binding Protein
Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Sterol Carrier Protein-2 in Acyl-CoA Metabolism
In Vivo Regulation of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Esters
Regulation of the Intracellular Acyl-CoA Concentration / 8.1.：
Regulation of Vesicle Trafficking In Vivo by Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Esters
Brefeldin A: Revealing the Fundamental Principles Governing Membrane Dynamics and Protein Transport / Catherine L. Jackson10.：
The Morphological Basis of Transport in the ER-GOLGI System
The Classic Models: Anterograde Vesicular Transport and Cisternal Maturation
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Intracellular Organelles and the Concept of Membrane Transformation
Regulated Forward Membrane Flux as the Driving Force for Anterograde Transport in the Exocytic Pathway
Morphological and Biochemical Effects of BFA
Early Studies of the Effects of BFA on the Secretory Pathway in Mammalian Cells
Conflicting Reports: Does the Golgi Disappear or Not?
The Effects of BFA in Yeast
The Effects of BFA on the Endocytic Pathway and Lysosomes: Fusion of Organelles within Systems and Traffic Jams
A Model to Explain the Morphological Effects of BFA
Molecular Effects of BFA
BFA Causes the Rapid Release of the COPI Coat from Golgi Membranes
BFA Inhibits Guanine Nucleotide Exchange on ARF
BFA Causes the Release of Many Golgi-Associated Proteins from Membranes
The Sec7 Domain Family of ARF Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Identification of Sec7 Domain Proteins as ARF Exchange Factors
Different Sec7 Domain Proteins have Different Sensitivities to BFA
Mechanism of Action of BFA: Stabilization of an Abortive ARF-GDP-Sec7 Domain Protein Complex
Conclusion
Membrane Fusion Events during Nuclear Envelope Assembly / Philippe Collas ; Dominic PocciaChapter 7：
Introduction: The Nuclear Envelope Is a Dynamic Structure
Assembly of the Nuclear Envelope Is a Multistep Process
Nuclear Reconstitution in Cell-Free Systems as Tools to Study Nuclear Envelope Assembly
Targeting and Binding of Nuclear Vesicles to Chromatin
Role of Lipophilic Structures (LSs) in Membrane Vesicle Binding to Chromatin
Distinct Membrane Vesicle Populations Contribute to the NE / 1.4.：
Fusion of Nuclear Vesicles
Sealing and Growth of the Nuclear Envelope
Fusion of the Bulk of Nuclear Vesicles / 2.1.1.：
LS-Vesicle Fusion / 2.1.2.：
A Retrograde Vesicular Transport Mechanism Implicated in Nuclear Vesicle Targeting to Chromatin and Fusion?
Assays for Nuclear Vesicle Fusion
Fluorescence Evidence of Fusion
Exclusion of High Molecular Weight Dextran from Nuclei
Electron Microscopic Assays to Monitor Nuclear Vesicle Fusion
Cytosolic and Nucleotide Requirements for Nuclear Vesicle Fusion / 2.4.：
Involvement of Small GTP-Binding Proteins in Nuclear Vesicle Dynamics
Nuclear Vesicle Fusion Requires GTP Hydrolysis
Early Evidence for a Putative Role of ARFs in Nuclear Vesicle Dynamics
Evidence for a Non-ARF GTPase Active in Nuclear Envelope Assembly
Analogies Between Nuclear Vesicle Fusion and Fusion Events in Intracellular Membrane Trafficking
Inhibition of Nuclear Vesicle Fusion with the Sulphydryl Modifier, N-Ethylmaleimide
Targeted Membrane Fusion Orchestrated by Components of the SNARE Hypothesis
A Role for p97 in Nuclear Envelope Assembly?
Implication of SNAREs in Nuclear Vesicle Targeting and Fusion: An Argument
A Role of Nuclear Ca[superscript 2+] in Nuclear Vesicle Fusion?
A Ca[superscript 2+] Store at the Nuclear Envelope
Generating Ca[superscript 2+] Signals in the Nucleus
Evidence for Nuclear Ca[superscript 2+]-Independent Nuclear Envelope Assembly
Nuclear Vesicle Fusion Requires Membrane-Associated Fusigenic Elements
Proteins Mediating Nuclear Membrane Fusion in Yeast Are Being Identified
Relevance of Kar Protein Homologues in Nuclear Vesicle Fusion
Transactions at the Peroxisomal Membrane / Ben Distel ; Ineke Braakman ; Ype Elgersma ; Henk F. TabakChapter 8：
The Isolation of Yeast Mutants Disturbed in Peroxisome Function
Impermeability of the Peroxisomal Membrane
Import of Proteins into Peroxisomes
Formation of Peroxisomal Membranes
The ER to Peroxisome Connection
Do Peroxisomes Possess Unique Features?
Technical Shortcomings in the Peroxisome Field
Outlook
Neurons, Chromaffin Cells and Membrane Fusion / Peter Partoens ; Dirk Slembrouck ; Hilde De Busser ; Peter F.T. Vaughan ; Guido A.F. Van Dessel ; Werner P. De Potter ; Albert R. LagrouChapter 9：
Biogenesis and Axonal Transport of LDV/Secretory Granules
Exocytosis from LDV/Secretory Granules
The Membrane Composition of Secretory Vesicles/LDV
The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Secretion from LDV
The Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y as a Model to Study the Role of the Cytoskeleton in Secretion from LDV
Cytoskeletal and Vesicular Proteins and Exocytosis / 3.2.2.：
Candidate Target Proteins for PKC Substrates / 3.2.3.：
Control of Actin Dynamics / 3.2.4.：
The Regulation of Cytoskeleton by PKC / 3.2.5.：
MARCKS / 3.2.6.：
GAP-43 / 3.2.7.：
Role of MARCKS in PKC Enhancement of Secretion in SH-SY5Y / 3.2.8.：
Involvement of Isoprenylation/Carboxymethylation in Regulated Exocytosis
Role of Rab3 and Helper Proteins in Controlled Exocytosis
Processing of Proteins through Isoprenylation and Carboxymethylation / 3.3.2.：
Regulatory Function of Protein Prenylation/Carboxymethylation in Exocytosis and Other Cellular Processes / 3.3.3.：
Endocytosis of LDV/Secretory Vesicles
Reversibility in Fusion Protein Conformational Changes: The Intriguing Case of Rhabdovirus-Induced Membrane Fusion / Yves GaudinChapter 10：
General Introduction
Metastability of the Native Viral Membrane Fusion Glycoprotein Is General
Influenza HA as the Model Fusogenic Glycoprotein
General
Low pH-Induced HA Conformational Change
Irreversibility of the Fusogenic Structural Transition Is a Common Feature of Viral Membrane Fusion
The Case of Fusogenic Glycoproteins Activated by Proteolytic Cleavage
The Case of Uncleaved Fusogenic Glycoproteins
The Rhabdovirus Exception
The Rhabdovirus Family
The Rhabdovirus Glycoprotein / 3.1.2.：
Fusion Properties of Rhabdoviruses
Low pH-Induced Conformational Changes of Rhabdovirus G
One Protein, Three Conformational States
Identification of the Fusion Domain of Rhabdoviruses
Mutations Affecting G Conformational Changes
Role of the Fusion Inactive State / 3.3.4.：
Other Differences between Rhabdoviral G and Influenza Virus HA Conformational Changes / 3.3.5.：
Attempt to Reconcile the Data Obtained on Rhabdoviruses with those Obtained on other Viral Families
Existence of Reversible Steps in Fusogenic Glycoproteins Conformational Changes
How do Rhabdoviruses Overcome the High Energetic Barrier Encountered During Fusion?
Final Remarks / 4.3：
Specific Roles for Lipids in Virus Fusion and Exit: Examples from the Alphaviruses / Margaret Kielian ; Prodyot K. Chatterjee ; Don L. Gibbons ; Yanping E. LuChapter 11：
The Alphavirus Lifecycle
Virus Structure and Assembly
Virus Entry and Fusion
Endocytic Entry and Low pH-Triggered Fusion
In Vitro Fusion with Liposomes
Conformational Changes in the Virus Spike during Membrane Fusion
Virus Exit Pathway and Requirements
The Role of Cholesterol in the Alphavirus Lifecycle
Role of Cholesterol in Fusion
In Vitro Cholesterol Requirements
In Vivo Cholesterol Requirements
Role of Cholesterol in Virus Exit
The Role of Sphingolipid in Alphavirus Fusion
In Vitro Requirement for Sphingolipid in Virus-Membrane Fusion
Structural Features of Fusion-Permissive Sphingolipids
Mechanisms of Cholesterol and Sphingolipid Requirements in Alphavirus Fusion and Exit
The Role of Cholesterol and Sphingolipid in Fusogenic Spike Protein Conformational Changes
Alphavirus Mutants with Reduced Cholesterol Requirements
Sequences Involved in the Alphavirus Cholesterol Requirement / 5.2.1.：
Sequences Involved in the SFV Cholesterol Requirement / 5.2.1.1.：
Sequences Involved in the SIN Cholesterol Requirement / 5.2.1.2.：
Mechanism of the srf-3 Mutation / 5.2.2.：
Mechanism of Cholesterol in Virus Exit
Role of Specific Lipids in the Entry and Exit of Other Pathogens
The Role of Cholesterol in Bacterial Toxin-Membrane Interactions
Other Viruses that May Require Specific Lipids
Human Immunodeficiency Virus / 6.2.1.：
Mouse Hepatitis Virus / 6.2.2.：
Ebola Virus / 6.2.3.：
African Swine Fever Virus / 6.2.4.：
Sendai Virus / 6.2.5.：
Role of Cholesterol in Transport of Influenza Hemagglutinin / 6.2.6.：
Lipid Stalk Intermediates in Membrane Fusion Reactions
Cellular Fusion Proteins
Future Directions
Fusion Mediated by the HIV-1 Envelope Protein / Carrie M. McManus ; Robert W. DomsChapter 12：
Viral Components of Fusion
Env
Gp120
Gp41
Cellular Components of Fusion
CD4
The Major HIV-1 Coreceptors
The Importance of CCR5 and CXCR4 In Vitro and In Vivo
Alternative HIV-1 Coreceptors
Envelope-Receptor Interactions
Env Determinants of Coreceptor Use
CCR5 Determinants
CXCR4 Determinants
Conformational Changes Resulting from Receptor Interactions
CD4-Independent Virus Infection
Implications for Therapeutic Intervention and Concluding Thoughts
Sulfhydryl Involvement in Fusion Mechanisms / David Avram SandersChapter 13：
Protein Thiols--An Introduction
Cysteine--A Special Residue
Oxidation and Reduction--Environment and Enzymatic Catalysis
Thiol and Disulfide Modification Reagents
Protein Thiols in Cellular Membrane Fusion
Identified Thiol-Reagent-Modified Proteins
N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor-NSF
Calpains
Experimental Systems with Thiol-Reagent- or Disulfide-Reagent-Modified Proteins of Unknown Identity
Frog Neuromuscular Junction
Mammalian Sperm-Egg Fusion
Insulin and Renin Secretion
Sea-Urchin Pronuclear Fusion during Fertilization / 2.2.4.：
Sea-Urchin Egg Cortical Granule Exocytosis / 2.2.5.：
Microsome Fusion / 2.2.6.：
Endocytosis / 2.2.7.：
Protein Thiols in Viral-Glycoprotein-Mediated Membrane Fusion and Virus Entry
Coronaviruses
Alphaviruses
Murine Leukemia Viruses
Other Retroviruses and Filoviruses
A Reconsideration of Alphavirus Entry / 3.6.：
Index
The Secretory Pathway: From History to the State of the Art / Cordula Harter ; Constanze ReinhardChapter 1：
Summary / 1.：
Definition of the Secretory Pathway / 2.：
2.

図書
図書
2. Molecular embryology : how molecules give birth to animals (: pbk)
J. Michael Barry
出版情報: New York : Taylor & Francis, c2002  vii, 163 p. ; 23 cm
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Growth of an Embryo is Founded on Repeated Cell Division / 1：
How an Embryo Acquires the Correct Shape as its Cells Divide / 2：
How Differences in Molecular Composition Between Embryonic Cells Originate / 3：
Signal Molecules Induce Changes in Cell Composition Throughout Vertebrate Development / 4：
Differences in Embryonic Cell Composition Result from Activation of Different Genes / 5：
Experiments of Drosophila Reveal that Specific Transcription Factors are Keys that Unlock Embryonic Genes / 6：
Growth of an Embryo is Founded on Repeated Cell Division / 1：
How an Embryo Acquires the Correct Shape as its Cells Divide / 2：
How Differences in Molecular Composition Between Embryonic Cells Originate / 3：
3.

図書
図書
3. Cell biology
Thomas D. Pollard, William C. Earnshaw ; illustrated by Graham T. Johnson
出版情報: Philadelphia : Saunders, 2002  xiv, 805 p. ; 29 cm
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4.

図書
図書
4. Cell and molecular biology : concepts and experiments. 5th ed
Gerald Karp
出版情報: Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, c2008  xvii, 776, 22, 45 p. ; 28 cm
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Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology / Chapter 1：
The Chemical Basis of Life / Chapter 2：
Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism / Chapter 3：
The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane / Chapter 4：
Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion / Chapter 5：
Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast / Chapter 6：
Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment / Chapter 7：
Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems / Chapter 9：
The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility
The Nature of the Gene and the Genome / Chapter 10：
Gene Expression / Chapter 11：
The Cell Nucleus and the Control of Gene Expression / Chapter 12：
DNA Replication and Repair / Chapter 13：
Cellular Reproduction / Chapter 14：
Cell Signaling / Chapter 15：
Cancer / Chapter 16：
The Immune Response / Chapter 17：
Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology / Chapter 18：
Answers to Review Problems / Appendix：
Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology / Chapter 1：
The Chemical Basis of Life / Chapter 2：
Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism / Chapter 3：
5.

図書
図書
5. Pattern formation in zebrafish
Lilianna Solnica-Krezel (ed.)
出版情報: Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2002  xvii, 438 p. ; 25 cm
シリーズ名: Results and problems in cell differentiation ; 40
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Germ Layer Formation and Early Patterning / I.：
Formation and Patterning Roles of the Yolk Syncytial Layer / Takuya Sakaguchi ; Toshiro Mizuno ; Hiroyuki Takeda
Introduction / 1：
Formation of the YSL / 2：
Epibolic Movement and the YSL / 3：
Dorsal Determinants in Teleost Yolk Cell / 4：
Determinants Function in the YSL and Dorsal Blastomeres / 5：
The Role of the YSL in Mesoderm and Endoderm Formation / 6：
Localized Inducing Activities Within the YSL / 7：
Is Visceral Endoderm in Mammal Equivalent to Teleost YSL? / 8：
Searching for Genes Specifically Expressed in the YSL / 9：
Mesoderm Induction and Patterning / David Kimelman ; Alexander F. Schier
The Origin of Mesoderm
Induction of Mesoderm by Intercellular Signals
Nodal Signaling
Dorsal-Ventral Patterning of the Mesoderm
Anterior-Posterior Patterning of the Mesoderm
Wnt Signals in Mesoderm Patterning
Future Directions
The Guts of Endoderm Formation / Rachel M. Warga ; Didier Y. R. Stainier
Endoderm Formation During the Blastula Period
Location of Endodermal Progenitors / 1.1：
Early Topographic Map of Endodermal Organs / 1.2：
Organs of Ambiguity: the Hypochord and Forerunner Cells / 1.3：
Cell Behavior of Endodermal Progenitors / 1.4：
Genes Involved in Endoderm Formation / 1.5：
The Nodal Factors and Cofactors: Cyclops, Squint, and One-Eyed Pinhead / 1.6：
Nodal Versus Bmp Activity / 1.7：
Nodal-Independent, Oep-Dependent Cell Motility / 1.8：
Oep as a Component of EGF Signaling / 1.8.1：
Effectors of Nodal Signaling: Casanova, Bonnie and Clyde, and Faust / 1.9：
The Endodermal Phenotypes of cas, bon and fau Mutants and the Expression of These Genes in the Blastula / 1.9.1：
Cas Is Sufficient To Convert Mesoderm into Endoderm / 1.9.2：
A Molecular Pathway Leading to Endoderm Formation / 1.10：
Endoderm Formation During the Gastrula Period
Formation of the Endodermal Layer / 2.1：
Spatial Allocation of Endodermal Precursors / 2.2：
Genes Involved in Endoderm Formation: cas, bon, and fau Revisited / 2.3：
Cas May Regulate sox17 Directly / 2.3.1：
The Fox/Forkhead Transcription Factors / 2.3.2：
Other Genes Expressed in the Endoderm / 2.3.3：
Regional Expression in the Endoderm at the End of Gastrulation / 2.4：
Further Thoughts on Endodermal Patterning / 2.5：
Pharyngeal Pouch Endoderm Versus Digestive Tract Endoderm
Conclusions and Prospects
Organizer Formation and Function / Masahiko Hibi ; Toshio Hirano ; Igor B. Dawid
Dorsal Determinants and the Maternal Wnt Signal
Dorsal Determinants
A Maternally Derived Signal Activating the Wnt Pathway
The Nieuwkoop Center and Organizer Induction
Non-cell-autonomous Induction of the Organizer / 3.1：
bozozok/dharma / 3.2：
Nodal-Related Genes, squint and cyclops / 3.3：
Cooperative Roles of boz/dha and sqt in the Induction of the Organizer / 3.4：
vega/vox/vent / 3.5：
Induction by the Nieuwkoop Center Versus Cell-Autonomous Establishment of the Organizer / 3.6：
The Organizer
Is the Embryonic Shield the Fish Organizer? / 4.1：
Organizer Genes / 4.2：
chordino, noggin1, twisted gastrulation, and ogon / 4.3：
dickkopf1 / 4.4：
Fibroblast Growth Factors / 4.5：
Role of the Organizer in AP Patterning / 4.6：
Cell Movements and the Organizer
Summary and Prospects
Dorsoventral Patterning in the Zebrafish: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Beyond / Matthias Hammerschmidt ; Mary C. Mullins
Dorsoventral Patterning in Frog, Fish and Fly
Mutant Analyses of Vertebrate DV Regulators
Zebrafish DV Mutants
Different Phases of DV Pattern Formation
Phase 1: Establishment of the Spemann-Mangold Organizer
Phase 2: Establishment of the Morphogenetic Bmp Gradient
Phase 3: Morphogenetic Interpretation of the Gradient by Target Cells
Implications of DV Patterning on the Anteroposterior Axis
Role of Chordin and Tolloid During Ventral Tail Development
Perspectives
Specification of Left-Right Asymmetry / Christopher V.E. Wright ; Marnie E. Halpern
Mechanisms Underlying Left-Right Patterning
Breaking Symmetry
Stabilizing, Propagating and Reinforcing Left-Right Asymmetry
Transferring Left-Right Information to the Organ Precursors
Effector Programs of Left-Right Asymmetric Morphogenesis
Cardiac Left-Right Asymmetry
Asymmetry of the Zebrafish Forebrain
Summary and Future Perspectives
Gastrulation Movements / II.：
Life at the Edge: Epiboly and Involution in the Zebrafish / Don Kane ; Richard Adams
Mid-Blastula Transition and the Beginning of Cell Motility
Epiboly
The Epiboly Mutants
Towards a Unification of Vertebrate Epiboly
Hypoblast Formation
How Do Cells Internalize at the Margin: Involution or Ingression?
Conclusions and Prospects?
Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms of Convergence and Extension / Lilianna Solnica-Krezel ; Mark S. Cooper
Compaction at Blastula Stages
Distinct Domains of Convergence and Extension Movements in the Zebrafish Gastrula
Cellular Behaviors Effecting Convergence and Extension Movements
Epiboly and Anteriorward Mesendoderm Migration Contribute to Convergence and Extension
Directed Migration Is a Key Cell Behavior Underlying Convergence and Extension in Lateral Regions of the Gastrula
Mediolateral Cell Intercalation Is a Key Cell Behavior Underlying Convergence and Extension in Dorsal Regions of the Gastrula
Cellular Segregation, Directed Migration and Mediolateral Intercalation Underlie Dorsal Hypoblast Formation
Molecular Genetic Basis of Convergence and Extension Movements
Wnt Planar Cell Polarity Pathway / 5.1：
Cell Adhesion Molecules / 5.2：
Slit / 5.3：
Eph Receptors and Ephrins / 5.4：
Calcium / 5.5：
Ethanol / 5.6：
Molecular Genetic Coordination of Convergence and Extension Movements with Cell Fate Specification
Spadetail / 6.1：
Nodal / 6.2：
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / 6.3：
Fibroblast Growth Factor / 6.4：
Role of C&E Movements in Generating Embryonic Morphology
Primordial Germ Cell Development in Zebrafish / Erez Raz ; Nancy Hopkins
Specification of Germ Cells in Fish
The Premolecular Markers Era
The Molecular Markers Era
PGC Migration in Zebrafish
Maintenance of the Fate of Migrating PGCs
PGC Development in Zebrafish as Compared with That in Other Organisms
Conclusions and Future Directions
Neural Development / III.：
Patterning the Zebrafish Central Nervous System / Steve W. Wilson ; Michael Brand ; Judith S. Eisen
Nervous System Morphogenesis
The Spinal Cord
Bmp Signaling Establishes DV Pattern in the Spinal Cord
Hedgehog and Nodal Pathways Pattern the Ventral Spinal Cord
Delta/Notch Signaling Segregates Neural Fates Within Neural Plate Domains
Later Signals May Refine Cell Identity
The Forebrain
DV Patterning of the Zebrafish Forebrain
Formation of the Hypothalamus / 4.1.1：
Establishment of the Optic Stalks / 4.1.2：
Establishment of Ventral Telencephalic Fates / 4.1.3：
Specification of Dorsal Forebrain Fates / 4.1.4：
Left/Right Patterning in the Brain
AP Patterning of the Prospective Brain
Establishment of Early AP Pattern in the Neural Plate / 4.3.1：
Local Induction of the Telencephalon and Eyes / 4.3.2：
The Midbrain and Hindbrain
Midbrain and Hindbrain Development Starts in Gastrulation
Initial AP Subdivision of the Neural Plate / 5.1.1：
Wnt8 Signaling Positions the Midbrain and Hindbrain / 5.1.2：
Wnts and Fgfs Maintain and Pattern the Midbrain and Hindbrain
Polarization of the Midbrain / 5.2.1：
Fgf Signaling in the Rostral Hindbrain / 5.2.2：
Feedback Control of Fgf Signaling / 5.2.3：
Controlling Competence to Respond to Fgf8 Signaling / 5.2.4：
DV Patterning of the Midbrain and Isthmus
Later Steps of Patterning the Hindbrain
Dorsoventral Patterning / 5.4.1：
Forming and Maintaining Rhombomeres / 5.4.2：
Extrinsic Signals Controlling Segmentation / 5.4.3：
Secondary Modification of the Ground Plan by Neuronal Migration
Summary
Specification of the Zebrafish Neural Crest / Robert N. Kelsh ; David W. Raible
Markers and Their Specificity
Zebrafish Neural Crest Mutants
Neural Crest Induction
Cell Fate Specification
When Does Specification Occur?
Progressive Fate Restriction
Pigment Cell Specification as a Model for Cell Fate Choice
Regional Specification
Pharyngeal Arch Specification
Neurogenesis and Specification of Neuronal Identity / Bruce Appel ; Ajay Chitnis
Zebrafish Spinal Cord Anatomy
Roof Plate
Rohon-Beard Sensory Neurons
Interneurons
Motor Neurons
Floor Plate
Glia / 2.6：
Neurulation and the Early Pattern of Neurons
Regulation of Neurogenesis in the Zebrafish Neural Plate
Creating Proneuronal Domains: Regulation of ngn1 Expression
Dorsal Spinal Cord Development
Ventral Spinal Cord Development
Elaboration of Cell Fate Specification by Cell-Cell Signaling
Neuronal Specification and Transcriptional Codes
Cellular, Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Axon Guidance in the Zebrafish / Christine E. Beattie ; Michael Granato ; John Y. Kuwada10：
Introduction: Pathfinding Is Precise and Cell-Specific
Axon Pathfinding in the Hindbrain and Spinal Cord
Redundant Cues Guide Growth Cones in the Spinal Cord
Molecules That Guide Spinal and Hindbrain Growth Cones
Mutations That Affect the Development of Neural Circuits in the Hindbrain and Spinal Cord
Axonal Pathfinding by Spinal Motoneurons
Zebrafish Motor Axons Follow a Common Pathway and Then Make Divergent Choices
Molecules That Guide Motor Growth Cones
Semaphorins / 3.2.1：
GDNF / 3.2.2：
Neurolin / 3.2.3：
Mutations That Disrupt the Formation of Stereotyped Motor Projections
Diwanka Mutants / 3.3.1：
Unplugged Mutants / 3.3.2：
Stumpy Mutants / 3.3.3：
Axonal Pathfinding in the Visual System
Conclusions
Aspects of Organogenesis / IV.：
Somitogenesis / Caroline Brennan ; Sharon L. Amacher ; Peter D. Currie
Generalized Overview of Somitogenesis
Morphological Aspects of Zebrafish Somitogenesis
General Anterior/Posterior Pattern and Specification of Paraxial Mesoderm
Hox Gene Expression Patterns and Overall A/P Pattern
The Origin of Somitic Cells
spadetail, a Gene Controlling Paraxial Mesoderm Formation
Establishing a Segmental Pattern
Somitic Periodicity and the Cell Cycle
Existence of a Molecular Oscillator
The Notch Pathway and Establishment of Segmental Pattern
Insights from Zebrafish
The Fused-Somite Mutant and Operation of a Wavefront
Establishment of Anterior/Posterior Somite Polarity
Formation of the Somite Boundary
Induction and Patterning the Presomitic and Somitic Mesoderm
Embryonic Myotome Formation and the Initiation of Myogenesis
Formation of the "Adaxial" Cell Compartment and Presomitic Myogenic Induction
Muscle Pioneer Cells and Myotomal Architecture
Fiber Type and Myotome Morphogenesis
Fiber Type Formation in Separate Myotomal Compartments
Myotomal Patterning Mutants and the Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Slow Muscle Cell Specification
Migratory or Hypaxial Muscle Formation in Zebrafish Embryos
Sclerotome Formation
Other Somite-Derived Cell Types
Questions for the Future
Cardiovascular System / Deborah Yelon ; Brant M. Weinstein ; Mark C. Fishman
Background in Classical Embryology: Some of the Questions
Zebrafish: a Propitious Embryo for Cardiovascular Studies
Patterning the Heart
Formation of the Myocardium in Zebrafish
Genetic Regulation of Myocardial Development in Zebrafish
Requirements for nkx2.5 Induction
Requirements for Myocardial Differentiation
Requirements for Chamber-Specific Differentiation
Requirements for Heart Tube Assembly / 3.2.4：
Pattern and Orientation to the Onset of Function
Vascular Pattern in the Zebrafish
Formation of Blood Vessels in the Zebrafish
Molecular Analysis of Blood Vessel Formation in the Zebrafish
Genetic Analysis of Blood Vessel Formation in the Zebrafish
Experimental Analysis of Vascular Form and Function: Imaging Blood Vessels In Situ
Prospects for Future Zebrafish Cardiovascular Research
The Pronephros / Iain Drummond
Variation and Evolution of the Kidney
A Brief History of the Kidney
Morphogenesis and Patterning of the Zebrafish Pronephros
Patterning of the Mesoderm and Formation of the Pronephric Primordium
Mediolateral Patterning of the Intermediate Mesoderm and Induction of the Pronephros
Development of the Pronephric Duct
Nephron Formation
Cell Interactions in the Vascularization of the Glomerulus
Summary and Perspectives
The Zebrafish Eye: Developmental and Genetic Analysis / Stephen S. Easter, Jr. ; Jarema J. Malicki
Morphogenesis
Optic Vesicle
Eye Cup
Lens
Neurogenesis
The Fan Gradient
Ganglion Cell Layer
Inner Nuclear Layer
Outer Nuclear Layer
Prolonged Neurogenesis and Regeneration
Modulation of the Rate of Proliferation
Pulsatile Production of Neurons / 3.7：
Pattern and Patterning of Cellular Architecture in the Retina
Pattern of Differentiated Retina
Formation of Retinal Architecture
Terminal Differentiation of Cellular Morphology
Ganglion Cell Axogenesis
Photoreceptor Differentiation
References
Subject Index
Germ Layer Formation and Early Patterning / I.：
Formation and Patterning Roles of the Yolk Syncytial Layer / Takuya Sakaguchi ; Toshiro Mizuno ; Hiroyuki Takeda
Introduction / 1：
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