| Preface |
| Acknowledgments |
| Theoretical Background / Part I： |
| Introduction / 1： |
| The question of design / 1.1： |
| The role of tradition / 1.2： |
| Our path / 1.3： |
| The rationalistic tradition / 2： |
| The rationalistic orientation / 2.1： |
| Language, truth, and the world / 2.2： |
| Decision making and problem solving / 2.3： |
| Cognitive science / 2.4： |
| Understanding and Being / 3： |
| Hermeneutics / 3.1： |
| Understanding and ontology / 3.2： |
| An illustration of thrownness / 3.3： |
| Breaking down and readiness-to-hand / 3.4： |
| Cognition as a biological phenomenon / 4： |
| The closure of the nervous system / 4.1： |
| Autopoiesis, evolution, and learning / 4.2： |
| The cognitive domain / 4.3： |
| Consensual domains / 4.4： |
| The observer and description / 4.5： |
| Domains of explanation / 4.6： |
| Language, listening, and commitment / 5： |
| Listening in a background / 5.1： |
| Meaning, commitment, and speech acts / 5.2： |
| Objectivity and tradition / 5.3： |
| Recurrence and formalization / 5.4： |
| Breakdown, language, and existence / 5.5： |
| Towards a new orientation / 6： |
| Cognition and being in the world / 6.1： |
| Knowledge and representation / 6.2： |
| Pre-understanding and background / 6.3： |
| Language and action / 6.4： |
| Breakdown and the ontology of design / 6.5： |
| Computation, Thought, and Language / Part II： |
| Computers and representation / 7： |
| Programming as representation / 7.1： |
| Levels of representation / 7.2： |
| Can computers do more than you tell them to do? / 7.3： |
| Computation and intelligence / 8： |
| Why do we ask? / 8.1： |
| Intelligence as rational problem solving / 8.2： |
| The phenomenon of blindness / 8.3： |
| What about learning and evolution? / 8.4： |
| Can pigs have wings? / 8.5： |
| Understanding language / 9： |
| Artificial intelligence and language understanding / 9.1： |
| The problem of background / 9.2： |
| Understanding as pattern recognition / 9.3： |
| What does it mean to understand? / 9.4： |
| Current directions in artificial intelligence / 10： |
| The forking of the paths / 10.1： |
| Expert systems / 10.2： |
| The fifth generation computer system / 10.3： |
| Design / Part III： |
| Management and conversation / 11： |
| Management and decision making / 11.1： |
| Decision making and resolution / 11.2： |
| Organizations as networks of commitments / 11.3： |
| Decision support systems / 11.4： |
| Tools for conversation / 11.5： |
| Using computers: A direction for design / 12： |
| A background for computer design / 12.1： |
| A design example / 12.2： |
| Systematic domains / 12.3： |
| Technology and transformation / 12.4： |
| Bibliography |
| Name Index |
| Subject Index |
| Preface |
| Acknowledgments |
| Theoretical Background / Part I： |
図書
