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図書

図書
S. Morita, R. Wiesendanger, E. Meyer (eds.)
出版情報: Berlin : Springer-Verlag, c2002-2015  2 v. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Nanoscience and technology
Physics and astronomy online library
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / Seizo Morita1:
AFM in Retrospective / 1.1:
Present Status of NC-AFM / 1.2:
Future Prospects for NC-AFM / 1.3:
References
Principle of NC-AFM / Franz J. Giessibl2:
Basics / 2.1:
Relation to the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) / 2.1.1:
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) / 2.1.2:
Operating Modes of AFMs / 2.1.3:
Scanning Speed, Signal Bandwidth and Noise / 2.1.4:
The Four Additional Challenges Faced by AFM / 2.2:
Jump-to-Contact and Other Instabilities / 2.2.1:
Contribution of Long-Range Forces / 2.2.2:
Noisein theImagingSignal / 2.2.3:
Non-MonotonicImaging Signal / 2.2.4:
Frequency-Modulation AFM (FM-AFM) / 2.3:
Experimental Setup / 2.3.1:
Applications / 2.3.2:
Relation between Frequency Shift and Forces / 2.4:
Generic Calculation / 2.4.1:
Frequency Shift for a Typical Tip-Sample Force / 2.4.2:
Calculation of the Tunneling Current for Oscillating Tips / 2.4.3:
Noise in Frequency-Modulation AFM / 2.5:
Noisein theFrequencyMeasurement / 2.5.1:
Optimal Amplitude for Minimal Vertical Noise / 2.5.3:
A Novel Force Sensor Based on a Quartz Tuning Fork / 2.6:
Quartz Versus Silicon as a Cantilever Material / 2.6.1:
Benefits in Clamping One of the Beams (qPlus Configuration) / 2.6.2:
Conclusion and Outlook / 2.7:
Semiconductor Surfaces / Yasuhiro Sugawara3:
Instrumentation / 3.1:
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Atomic Force / 3.2:
Control ofAtomic Force / 3.3:
Imaging Mechanisms for Si(100)2×1 and Si(100)2×1: H / 3.4:
Surface Strain on an Atomic Scale / 3.5:
Low Temperature Image of Si(100) Clean Surface / 3.6:
Mechanical Control ofAtomPosition / 3.7:
Atom Identification Using Covalent Bonding Force / 3.8:
Charge Imaging with Atomic Resolution / 3.9:
Mechanical Atom Manipulation / 3.10:
Bias Dependence of NC-AFM Images and TunnelingCurrent Variations on Semiconductor Surfaces / Toyoko Arai ; Masahiko Tomitori4:
Experimental Conditions / 4.1:
Bias Dependence of NC-AFM Images for Si(111)7×7 / 4.2:
MechanismofInvertedAtomicCorrugation / 4.2.1:
NC-AFM Imaging and Tunneling Current / 4.2.2:
NC-AFM Images for Ge/Si(111) / 4.3:
Concluding Remarks / 4.4:
Alkali Halides / Roland Bennewitz ; Martin Bammerlin ; Ernst Meyer5:
Experimental Techniques / 5.1:
Relevant Forces / 5.1.2:
Imaging of Single Crystals / 5.2:
Sample Preparation / 5.2.1:
Atomic Corrugation / 5.2.2:
Imaging of Defects / 5.2.3:
Mixed Alkali Halide Crystals / 5.2.4:
Imaging of Thin Films / 5.3:
Preparation of Thin Films / 5.3.1:
Atomic Resolutionat Low-Coordinated Sites / 5.3.2:
Radiation Damage / 5.4:
Metallization and Bubble Formation in CaF2 / 5.4.1:
Monatomic Pits in KBr / 5.4.2:
Dissipation Measurements / 5.5:
Material and Site-Specific Contrast / 5.5.1:
Using Damping for Distance Control / 5.5.2:
Atomic Resolution Imaging on Fluorides / Michael Reichling ; Clemens Barth6:
Tip Instabilities / 6.1:
Flat Surfaces / 6.3:
Step Edges / 6.4:
Atomically Resolved Imaging of a NiO(001) Surface / Hirotaka Hosoi ; Kazuhisa Sueoka ; Kazunobu Hayakawa ; Koichi Mukasa7:
Antiferromagnetic Nickel Oxide / 7.1:
ExperimentalConsiderations / 7.2:
Morphology ofthe Cleaved Surface / 7.3:
Atomically Resolved Imaging UsingNon-CoatedandFe-CoatedSiTips / 7.4:
Short-Range Magnetic Interaction / 7.5:
Analysis ofthe Cross-Section / 7.6:
Conclusion / 7.7:
Atomic Structure, Order and Disorder on High Temperature Reconstructed α-Al2O3(0001) / 8:
TheCleanSurface / 8.1:
Defect Formation upon Water Exposure / 8.2:
Self-Organized Formation of Nanoclusters / 8.3:
NC-AFM Imaging of Surface Reconstructions and Metal Growth on Oxides / Chi Lun Pang ; Geoff Thornton9:
1×1 to 1×3 Phase Transition of TiO2(100) / 9.1:
Surface Reconstructions of TiO2(110) / 9.3:
The 1×2 Reconstruction of SnO2(110) / 9.4:
Imaging Thin Film Alumina: NiAl(110)-Al2O3 / 9.5:
Growth of Cu and Pd on α-Al2O3(0001)- <$$> / 9.6:
A Short-Range-Ordered Overlayer of K on TiO2(110) / 9.7:
Conclusions / 9.8:
Atoms and Molecules on TiO2(110) and CeO2(111) Surfaces / Ken-ichi Fukui ; Yasuhiro Iwasawa10:
Background / 10.1:
Brief Description of Experiments / 10.2:
Surface Structures of TiO2(110) / 10.3:
Adsorbed Atoms and Molecules on TiO2(110) / 10.4:
Carboxylate Ions on TiO2(110) / 10.4.1:
Hydrogen Adatoms on TiO2(110) / 10.4.2:
Fluctuation ofAcetate Ions on TiO2(110) / 10.5:
Surface Structures of CeO2(111) / 10.6:
NC-AFM Imaging of Adsorbed Molecules / 10.7:
NucleicAcidBasesonaGraphiteSurface / 11.1:
Double-StrandedDNAonaMicaSurface / 11.2:
Alkanethiol on a Au(111) Surface / 11.3:
Organic Molecular Films / Hirofumi Yamada12:
AFM Imaging of Molecular Films / 12.1:
Fullerenes / 12.1.1:
AlkanethiolSAMs / 12.1.2:
Ferroelectric Molecular Films / 12.1.3:
Surface Potential Measurements / 12.2:
Technical Developments in NC-AFM Imaging ofMolecules / 12.3:
Single-Molecule Analysis / Akira Sasahara ; Hiroshi Onishi12.4:
Molecules and Surface / 13.1:
Experimental Methods / 13.3:
Alkyl-Substituted Carboxylates / 13.4:
Numerical Simulation ofPropiolate Topography / 13.5:
Sphere-Substrate Force / 13.5.1:
Sphere-Carboxylate Force / 13.5.2:
Cluster-Substrate Force / 13.5.3:
Cluster-Carboxylate Force / 13.5.4:
Simulated Topography / 13.5.5:
Fluorine-Substituted Acetates / 13.6:
Conclusions and Perspectives / 13.7:
Low-Temperature Measurements: Principles, Instrumentation, and Application / Wolf Allers ; Alexander Schwarz ; Udo D. Schwarz14:
Microscope Operation at Low Temperatures / 14.1:
Drift / 14.2.1:
Noise / 14.2.2:
Van der Waals Surfaces / 14.3:
HOPG(0001) / 14.4.1:
Xenon / 14.4.2:
Nickel Oxide / 14.5:
Semiconductors / 14.6:
Δf(z) Curves on Specific Atomic Sites / 14.6.1:
Tip-Dependent Atomic Scale Contrast / 14.6.2:
Tip-Induced Relaxation / 14.6.3:
Magnetic Force Microscopy at Low Temperatures / 14.7:
MFM Data Acquisition / 14.7.1:
Domain Structure of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-δ / 14.7.2:
Vortices on YBa2Cu3O7-δ / 14.7.3:
Theory of Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy / Masaru Tsukada ; Naruo Sasaki ; Michel Gauthier ; Katsunori Tagami ; Satoshi Watanabe14.8:
Cantilever Dynamics / 15.1:
Theoretical Simulation of NC-AFM Images / 15.3:
Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy Images ofDynamic Surfaces / 15.4:
Effect of Tip on Image for the Si(100)2×1: H Surface / 15.5:
Effect of Tip on Surface Structure Change and its Relation to Dissipation / 15.6:
Chemical Interaction in NC-AFM on Semiconductor Surfaces / San-Huang Ke ; Tsuyoshi Uda ; Kiyoyuki Terakura ; Ruben Pérez ; Ivan Štich15.7:
First-Principles Calculation of Tip-Surface Chemical Interaction / 16.1:
Simulation of NC-AFM Images / 16.3:
Simulations on Various Surfaces / 16.4:
Tip-Induced Surface Relaxation on the GaAs(110) Surface / 16.5:
Vertical Scan Over an As Atom / 16.5.1:
Vertical Scan Over a Ga Atom / 16.5.2:
RelevancetoNear-Contact STM Observations / 16.5.3:
Tip-Induced Surface Atomic Processes and EnergyDissipation in NC-AFM / 16.5.4:
Image Contrast on GaAs(110) for a Pure Si Tip: Distance Dependence / 16.6:
Effect of Tip Morphology on NC-AFM Images / 16.7:
Image Contrast for the Ga/Si Tip / 16.7.1:
Image Contrast for the As/Si Tip / 16.7.2:
Contrast Mechanisms on InsulatingSurfaces / Adam Foster ; Alexander Shluger16.8:
Model ofAFM and Main Forces / 17.1:
Tip-Surface Setup / 17.2.1:
Forces / 17.2.2:
Simulating Scanning / 17.3:
TheSurface / 17.3.1:
TheTip / 17.3.2:
Tip-Surface Interaction / 17.3.3:
Modelling Oscillations / 17.3.4:
Generating a Theoretical Surface Image / 17.3.5:
The Calcium Fluoride (111) Surface / 17.4:
Calcite: Surface Deformations During Scanning / 17.4.2:
Studying Surface and Defect Properties / 17.5:
Analysis of Microscopy and Spectroscopy Experiments / Hendrik Hölscher17.6:
BasicPrinciples / 18.1:
Origin ofthe Frequency Shift / 18.2.1:
Calculation ofthe FrequencyShift / 18.2.3:
Frequency Shift for Conservative Tip-Sample Forces / 18.2.4:
Experimental NC-AFM Images of van der Waals Surfaces 355 / 18.3:
BasicPrinciplesoftheSimulationMethod / 18.3.2:
Applications ofthe Simulation Method / 18.3.3:
Dynamic Force Spectroscopy / 18.4:
Determining Forces fromFrequencies / 18.4.1:
Analysis ofTip-Sample Interaction Forces / 18.4.2:
Theory of Energy Dissipation into Surface Vibrations / Lev Kantorovich18.5:
Possible Dissipation Mechanisms / 19.1:
Adhesion Hysteresis / 19.2.1:
Stochastic Dissipation / 19.2.2:
Other Mechanisms / 19.2.3:
Brownian Particle MechanismofEnergy Dissipation / 19.3:
Brownian Particle / 19.3.1:
Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem / 19.3.2:
Oscillating Tip as a Brownian Particle / 19.3.3:
Energy Dissipated Per Oscillation Cycle / 19.3.4:
Nonequilibrium Considerations for NC-AFM Systems / 19.4:
Preliminary Remarks / 19.4.1:
Mixed Quantum-Classical Representation / 19.4.2:
Equation ofMotion for the Tip / 19.4.3:
Estimation ofDissipation Energies in NC-AFM / 19.5:
Comparison with STM / 19.6:
Conclusions and Future Directions / 19.7:
Measurement of Dissipation Induced by Tip-Sample Interactions / H.J. Hug ; A. Baratoff20:
Experimental Aspects of Energy Dissipation / 20.1:
ExperimentalMethods / 20.3:
ApparentEnergyDissipation / 20.4:
Velocity-DependentDissipation / 20.5:
Electric-Field-MediatedJouleDissipation / 20.5.1:
Magnetic-Field-MediatedJouleDissipation / 20.5.2:
Magnetic-Field-MediatedDissipation / 20.5.3:
Brownian Dissipation / 20.5.4:
Hysteresis-Related Dissipation / 20.6:
Magnetic-Field-Induced Hysteresis / 20.6.1:
Hysteresis Due to Adhesion / 20.6.2:
Hysteresis Due to Atomic Instabilities / 20.6.3:
DissipationImagingwithAtomicResolution / 20.7:
DissipationSpectroscopy / 20.8:
Index / 20.9:
Introduction / Seizo Morita1:
AFM in Retrospective / 1.1:
Present Status of NC-AFM / 1.2:
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